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Methodology to define biological reference values in the environmental and occupational fields: the contribution of the Italian Society for Reference Values (SIVR).
|
BACKGROUND: Biological reference values (RVs) explore the relationships between humans and their environment and habits. RVs are fundamental in the environmental field for assessing illnesses possibly associated with environmental pollution, and also in the occupational field, especially in the absence of established biological or environmental limits.OBJECTIVES: The Italian Society for Reference Values (SIVR) determined to test criteria and procedures for the definition of RVs to be used in the environmental and occupational fields.METHODS: The paper describes the SIVR methodology for defining RVs of xenobiotics and their metabolites. Aspects regarding the choice of population sample, the quality of analytical data, statistical analysis and control of variability factors are considered. The simultaneous interlaboratory circuits involved can be expected to increasingly improve the quality of the analytical data.RESULTS: Examples of RVs produced by SIVR are presented. In particular, levels of chromium, mercury, ethylenethiourea, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, 2,5-hexanedione, 1-hydroxypyrene and t,t-muconic acid measured in urine and expressed in micrograms/g creatinine (ìg/g creat) or micrograms/L (ìg/L) are reported.CONCLUSIONS: With the proposed procedure, SIVR intends to make its activities known to the scientific community in order to increase the number of laboratories involved in the definition of RVs for the Italian population. More research is needed to obtain further RVs in different biological matrices, such as hair, nails and exhaled breath. It is also necessary to update and improve the present reference values and broaden the portfolio of chemicals for which RVs are available. In the near future, SIVR intends to expand its scientific activity by using a multivariate approach for xenobiotics that may have a common origin, and to define RVs separately for children who may be exposed more than adults and be more vulnerable.
|
['Environmental Pollution', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Occupational Health', 'Reference Values']
| 28,446,741
|
[['N06.850.460'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['N01.400.525'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 1
|
Heart structure in the Amazonian teleost Arapaima gigas (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae).
|
The fish heart ventricle has varied morphology and may have a specific morpho-functional design in species adapted to extreme environmental conditions. In general, the Amazonian ichthyofauna undergoes constant variations in water temperature, pH and oxygen saturation, which makes these species useful for investigations of cardiac morphology. Arapaima gigas, a member of the ancient teleost group Osteoglossomorpha, is one of the largest freshwater fish in the world. This species has a specific heart metabolism that uses fat as the main fuel when O2 supplies are abundant but also can change to glycogen fermentation when O2 content is limiting. However, no information is available regarding its heart morphology. Here, we describe the heart of A. gigas, with emphasis on the ventricular anatomy and myoarchitecture. Specimens of A. gigas weighing between 0.3 and 4040 g were grouped into three developmental stages. The hearts were collected and the anatomy analyzed with a stereomicroscope, ultrastructure with a scanning electron microscope, and histology using toluidine blue, Masson's trichrome and Sirius red stains. The ventricle undergoes morphological changes throughout its development, from the initial saccular shape with a fully trabeculated myocardium and coronary vessel restricted to the subepicardium (Type I) (group 1) to a pyramidal shape with mixed myocardium and coronary vessels that penetrate only to the level of the compact layer (Type II) (groups 2 and 3). The trabeculated myocardium has a distinct net-like organization in all the specimens, differing from that described for other teleosts. This arrangement delimits lacunae with a similar shape and distribution, which seems to allow a more uniform blood distribution through this myocardial layer.
|
['Animals', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Fishes', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Histological Techniques', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Myocardium', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 30,515,794
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Noeud Vital and the Respiratory Centers.
|
We now recognize that the main breathing generator resides principally in the medulla oblongata. Vivisectionists-specifically, Julien Legallois-discovered "the respiratory center." Cutting through the brainstem stops respiration but not if the medulla remains intact and the brain is sliced in successive portions. Pierre Flourens localized surgical ablation experiments further identified a 1-mm area in the medulla, which he called vital knot or node (noeud vital). Detailed characterization had to wait until the 1920s, when Lumsden carried out more specific transection experiments to improve morphological differentiation of the respiratory center into inspiratory and expiratory divisions.
|
['History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Neuroanatomy', 'Respiratory Center']
| 30,767,120
|
[['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.100.700', 'H01.158.610.060'], ['A08.186.211.132.772.646']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canadian hospitals.
|
This report describes a study carried out to gain baseline information on the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Canada. A total of 29,323 E. coli and 5,156 Klebsiella sp. isolates were screened at 12 participating sites. Of these, 505 clinically significant, nonrepeat isolates displaying reduced susceptibility to the NCCLS-recommended beta-lactams were submitted to a central laboratory over a 1-year period ending on 30 September 2000. A total of 116 isolates were confirmed to be ESBL producers. PCR and sequence analysis revealed the presence of TEM-11 (n = 1), TEM-12 (n = 1), TEM-29 (n = 1), TEM-52 (n = 4), CTX-M-13 (n = 1), CTX-M-14 (n = 15), CTX-M-15 (n = 11), SHV-2 (n = 2), SHV-2a (n = 12), SHV-5 (n = 6), SHV-12 (n = 45), and SHV-30 (n = 2). Five novel beta-lactamases were identified and designated TEM-115 (n = 2), TEM-120 (n = 1), SHV-40 (n = 2), SHV-41 (n = 4), and SHV-42 (n = 1). In addition, no molecular mechanism was identified for five isolates displaying an ESBL phenotype. Macrorestriction analysis of all ESBL isolates was conducted, as was restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of plasmids harboring ESBLs. Although a "clonal" distribution of isolates was observed at some individual sites, there was very little evidence suggesting intrahospital spread. In addition, examples of identical or closely related plasmids that were identified at geographically distinct sites across Canada are given. However, there was considerable diversity with respect to plasmid types observed.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Canada', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Humans', 'Klebsiella', 'Klebsiella Infections', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'Plasmids', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transformation, Bacterial', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 15,047,521
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.393.183'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.503'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Geographic variations in freshwater molluscs].
|
The phenomenon of geographic variation is known in practically all taxa of living beings. However, the reality of this phenomenon in freshwater molluscs (snails and bivalves) has many times been questioned in the past. It was accepted that these animals do not demonstrate spatially-oriented variation, where specific "local race" is arisen in each specific habitat. Till the beginning of 1970s, there was no statistical evidence that geographic clines in freshwater molluscs really exist. However, a few species of freshwater molluscs has been studied in this respect so far, therefore it is almost impossible to draw any general patterns of geographical variation in this group of animals. Most species of freshwater molluscs studied to the date exhibit statistically significant decrease of their body size in the south-north direction. Perhaps, it may be explained by decrease of the duration of the growth season in high latitudes. Some species of freshwater snails demonstrate clinal changes in shell proportions. This allows to reject subspecies separation within these species since diagnostic characters of such "subspecies" may blur when geographic variation is taken into consideration. The data on geographic variation in anatomical traits in freshwater molluscs is much more scarce. At least one species of pond snails (Lymnaea terebra) demonstrates clinal variation in proportions of the copulative apparatus in the south-north direction. Further studies of geographic variation in freshwater molluscs should reveal whether it is truly adaptive, i.e. whether geographical clines have underlying genetic basis. Otherwise, the clines may arise as a result of direct modifying effect of a habitat.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Body Size', 'Ecosystem', 'Fresh Water', 'Genetic Variation', 'Geography', 'Mollusca', 'Phylogeography', 'Seasons']
| 22,590,907
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G05.365'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of potential suberinase-encoding genes in Streptomyces scabiei strains and other actinobacteria.
|
Streptomyces scabiei causes common scab, an economically important disease of potato tubers. Some authors have previously suggested that S. scabiei penetration into host plant tissue is facilitated by secretion of esterase enzymes degrading suberin, a lipidic biopolymer of the potato periderm. In the present study, S. scabiei EF-35 showed high esterase activity in suberin-containing media. This strain also exhibited esterase activity in the presence of other biopolymers, such as lignin, cutin, or xylan, but at a much lower level. In an attempt to identify the esterases involved in suberin degradation, translated open reading frames of S. scabiei 87-22 were examined for the presence of protein sequences corresponding to extracellular esterases of S. scabiei FL1 and of the fungus Coprinopsis cinerea VTT D-041011, which have previously been shown to be produced in the presence of suberin. Two putative extracellular suberinase genes, estA and sub1, were identified. The presence of these genes in several actinobacteria was investigated by Southern blot hybridization, and both genes were found in most common-scab-inducing strains. Moreover, reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction performed with S. scabiei EF-35 showed that estA was expressed in the presence of various biopolymers, including suberin, whereas the sub1 gene appeared to be specifically expressed in the presence of suberin and cutin.
|
['Actinobacteria', 'Esterases', 'Gene Expression', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Streptomyces']
| 23,647,341
|
[['B03.510.024', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049'], ['D08.811.277.352'], ['G05.297'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['B03.300.390.400.810.768', 'B03.510.024.997.775', 'B03.510.415.400.810.768', 'B03.510.460.410.810.768']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Components of Attention in Grapheme-Color Synesthesia: A Modeling Approach.
|
Grapheme-color synesthesia is a condition where the perception of graphemes consistently and automatically evokes an experience of non-physical color. Many have studied how synesthesia affects the processing of achromatic graphemes, but less is known about the synesthetic processing of physically colored graphemes. Here, we investigated how the visual processing of colored letters is affected by the congruence or incongruence of synesthetic grapheme-color associations. We briefly presented graphemes (10-150 ms) to 9 grapheme-color synesthetes and to 9 control observers. Their task was to report as many letters (targets) as possible, while ignoring digit (distractors). Graphemes were either congruently or incongruently colored with the synesthetes' reported grapheme-color association. A mathematical model, based on Bundesen's (1990) Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), was fitted to each observer's data, allowing us to estimate discrete components of visual attention. The models suggested that the synesthetes processed congruent letters faster than incongruent ones, and that they were able to retain more congruent letters in visual short-term memory, while the control group's model parameters were not significantly affected by congruence. The increase in processing speed, when synesthetes process congruent letters, suggests that synesthesia affects the processing of letters at a perceptual level. To account for the benefit in processing speed, we propose that synesthetic associations become integrated into the categories of graphemes, and that letter colors are considered as evidence for making certain perceptual categorizations in the visual system. We also propose that enhanced visual short-term memory capacity for congruently colored graphemes can be explained by the synesthetes' expertise regarding their specific grapheme-color associations.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Color', 'Color Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Perceptual Disorders', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Synesthesia', 'Young Adult']
| 26,252,019
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['F02.463.593.932.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['E05.599'], ['C10.597.606.762', 'C23.888.592.604.764', 'F01.700.750'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['C10.597.606.762.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genome sequencing of Giardia lamblia genotypes A2 and B isolates (DH and GS) and comparative analysis with the genomes of genotypes A1 and E (WB and Pig).
|
Giardia lamblia (syn G. intestinalis, G. duodenalis) is the most common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans worldwide and is a frequent cause of endemic and epidemic diarrhea. G. lamblia is divided into eight genotypes (A-H) which infect a wide range of mammals and humans, but human infections are caused by Genotypes A and B. To unambiguously determine the relationship among genotypes, we sequenced GS and DH (Genotypes B and A2) to high depth coverage and compared the assemblies with the nearly completed WB genome and draft sequencing surveys of Genotypes E (P15; pig isolate) and B (GS; human isolate). Our results identified DH as the smallest Giardia genome sequenced to date, while GS is the largest. Our open reading frame analyses and phylogenetic analyses showed that GS was more distant from the other three genomes than any of the other three were from each other. Whole-genome comparisons of DH_A2 and GS_B with the optically mapped WB_A1 demonstrated substantial synteny across all five chromosomes but also included a number of rearrangements, inversions, and chromosomal translocations that were more common toward the chromosome ends. However, the WB_A1/GS_B alignment demonstrated only about 70% sequence identity across the syntenic regions. Our findings add to information presented in previous reports suggesting that GS is a different species of Giardia as supported by the degree of genomic diversity, coding capacity, heterozygosity, phylogenetic distance, and known biological differences from WB_A1 and other G. lamblia genotypes.
|
['Base Sequence', 'DNA, Protozoan', 'Databases, Nucleic Acid', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Library', 'Genome, Protozoan', 'Genotype', 'Giardia lamblia', 'Giardiasis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 24,307,482
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.442'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.630', 'L01.470.750.750.300.500', 'L01.470.750.750.325.630'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.325'], ['G05.360.340.397'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.237.385.400'], ['C01.610.432.481', 'C01.610.752.400', 'C06.405.469.452.481'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[A young woman with pseudomigraine with CSF pleocytosis].
|
Migraine is usually not associated with CSF pleocytosis. However, patients with migraine-like severe headache who showed temporary neurological deficits and pleocytosis have recently been accumulated in the literature. Here we report a 20-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of aphasia and right hemiparesis with severe throbbing headache in the left on 15 February, 2001. During the preceding 3 days she experienced another two similar episodes. Lumbar puncure revealed lymphocyte dominant pleocytosis of 56 cells/microliter. These symptoms recovered completely within several hours. EEG showed intermittent theta waves of 4-5c/s, 50-80 microV in the bilateral fronto-parietal region, but no epileptiform activity. On the 12th day 123I-IMP SECT demonstrated rather hyperperfusion in the left fronto-temporo-parietal region. Again, in the early morning on 10 December she was carried to our hospital by an ambulance car because of severe headache, right hemiparesis, expressive and receptive aphasia and drowsiness. Body temperature was 37.9 degrees C and lumbar puncture revealed increased opening pressure of 230 mmH2O and cells of 17/microliter. All the symptoms cleared within 24 hours and she left hospital without any sequelae. The symptoms of this case are consistent with those of headache with neurologic deficits and CSF lymphocytosis (HaNDL) by Berg et al, or pseudomigraine with pleocytosis (PMP syndrome) by Gometz-Aranda et al. No reports have been published on this disease in Japan.
|
['Adult', 'Aphasia', 'Hemiplegia', 'Humans', 'Iofetamine', 'Leukocytosis', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 12,820,544
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.100', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.100'], ['C10.597.622.295', 'C23.888.592.636.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.092.471.683.152.535'], ['C15.378.553.475', 'C23.550.526'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transient decrease of water diffusion in Wernicke's encephalopathy.
|
We report water diffusion abnormalities in periventricular areas in a patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy. The reduction in diffusion disappeared after 2 weeks of treatment with intravenous thiamine. We suggest that the restricted mobility of cerebral water is related to inflammatory lesions.
|
['Adult', 'Body Water', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Thiamine', 'Wernicke Encephalopathy']
| 11,914,805
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A12.207.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['D02.886.675.900', 'D03.383.129.708.900', 'D03.383.742.795'], ['C10.228.140.163.960', 'C18.452.132.960', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.827.822', 'C25.775.100.625', 'F03.900.100.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Simple large-scale synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: in situ observation of crystallization process.
|
The noble synthesis method for hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles was exploited using a fairly simple reaction of Ca(OH)(2) and H(3)PO(4), which does not generate residual harmful anions and consequently does not need an additional washing process. HAp nanoparticles were found to yield from dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) as the only intermediate phase, which was monitored by in situ observation study using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), (1)H and (31)P magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR. Furthermore, we found that the phase evolution of HAp was preceded by heteronucleation of HAp onto the DCPD surface. The combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) analysis gave more information on the HAp crystallization process, which was found to be retarded by the residual Ca(OH)(2) and slow diffusion process of Ca ions into the interface between HAp and DCPD. These results demonstrate that the synthesis of pure HAp nanoparticles with high throughput can be achieved by controlling the residual Ca(OH)(2) and diffusion process of Ca ions.
|
['Calcium Hydroxide', 'Crystallization', 'Durapatite', 'Freeze Drying', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Nanoparticles', 'Phosphoric Acids', 'Temperature']
| 19,810,677
|
[['D01.045.250.313', 'D01.146.335', 'D01.248.497.158.459.150'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.075.025.300.150', 'D01.146.360.050.300.200', 'D01.578.122.477.300', 'D01.695.625.675.650.075.025.300.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160.260', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160.260', 'E02.792.156.260', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160.260', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160.260', 'E05.760.156.260'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D01.029.260.700.675', 'D01.695.625.675'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tension decrease during skin stretching in undermined versus not undermined skin: an experimental study in piglets.
|
In a controlled study using 15 piglets, the efficacy of skin stretching using a skin stretching device was tested by quantifying the tension decrease during skin stretching in undermined and not undermined wounds. The viability of the skin margins was examined in both situations. Thirty standardized wounds was created: around 15 wounds on one flank, the surrounding skin was undermined; whereas around the 15 wounds on the opposite flank, the surrounding skin was not undermined. The force required to close the 9 x 9 cm defect was measured at the beginning, after undermining, and after 30 minutes of skin stretching. Also examined was the wound healing after 1 day and 1 week. A tension decrease of 3.02 N (13.6 percent reduction of the total force that is required to close the wound at the beginning) was seen due to undermining the surrounding skin. Skin stretching for 30 minutes without undermining the skin showed a tension decrease of 6.10 N (26.5 percent). Therefore, the tension decrease due to skin stretching was twice as high in comparison with undermining the skin margins alone. This has been statistically proven to be significant (-d (difference) = 3.08, 95 percent confidence interval = 2.16; 4.00, p < 0.001). When the undermined skin of the wound was stretched for 30 minutes, we measured a total tension decrease of 7.60 N (34.1 percent). There was a statistically significant but small difference in total tension decrease as a result of undermining combined with skin stretching in comparison with skin stretching without undermining (-d = 1.51, 95 percent confidence interval = 0.77; 2.23, p < 0.001). Undermining the surrounding skin involved cutting musculocutaneous perforating vessels. Looking at the viability of the skin, seven wounds, all found in the undermined group, showed skin necrosis after 1 week. Excessive seroma formation was seen in all wounds around which the skin was undermined. In the not undermined wounds, there were no problems in wound healing. In conclusion, skin stretching for only 30 minutes using a skin stretching device significantly reduces wound closing tension. The additional advantage of skin stretching over that of undermining alone is clearly shown. Undermining the wound margins before skin stretching gives a small additional tension decrease but has well-known complications, such as skin-edge necrosis and seroma formation.
|
['Animals', 'Skin', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Expansion', 'Wound Healing']
| 11,373,562
|
[['B01.050'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.374.835'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.680.800'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology and outcome of Gram-negative bloodstream infection in children: a population-based study.
|
Population-based studies of Gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI) in children are lacking. Therefore, we performed this population-based investigation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, to determine the incidence rate, site of acquisition, and outcome of Gram-negative BSI in children aged ?18 years. We used Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression for mortality analysis. We identified 56 unique children with Gram-negative BSI during the past decade. The gender-adjusted incidence rate of Gram-negative BSI per 100 000 person-years was 129·7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 77·8-181·6]) in infants, with a sharp decline to 14·6 (95% CI 6·0-23·2) and 7·6 (95% CI 4·3-10·9) in children aged 1-4 and 5-18 years, respectively. The urinary tract was the most commonly identified source of infection (34%) and Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated (38%). Over two-thirds (68%) of children had underlying medical conditions that predisposed to Gram-negative BSI. The overall 28-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates were 11% (95% CI 3-18) and 18% (95% CI 8-28), respectively. Younger age and number of underlying medical conditions were associated with 28-day and 1-year mortality, respectively. Nosocomial or healthcare-associated acquisition was associated with both 28-day and 1-year mortality.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bacteremia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Minnesota', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 20,598,212
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
French Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire compared with an accelerometer cut point to classify physical activity among pregnant obese women.
|
Given the high risk for inactivity during pregnancy in obese women, validated questionnaires for physical activity (PA) assessment in this specific population is required before evaluating the effect of PA on perinatal outcomes. No questionnaire was validated in pregnant obese women. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) has been designed based on activities reported during pregnancy and validated in pregnant women. We translated the PPAQ to French and assessed reliability and accuracy of this French version among pregnant obese women. In this cross-sectional study, pregnant obese women were evenly recruited at the end of each trimester of pregnancy. They completed the PPAQ twice, with an interval of 7 days in-between, to recall PA of the last three months. Between PPAQ assessments, participants wore an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) during 7 consecutive days. Fourty-nine (49) pregnant obese women (29.8±4.2 yrs, 34.7±5.1 kg x m(-2)) participated to the study. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the two PPAQ assessments were 0.90 for total activity, 0.86 for light and for moderate intensity, and 0.81 for vigorous intensity activities. It ranged from 0.59 for "Transportation" to 0.89 for "Household and Caregiving" activities. Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) between the PPAQ and the Matthews' cut point used to classify an activity of moderate and above intensity were 0.50 for total activity, 0.25 for vigorous intensity and 0.40 for moderate intensity. The correlations between the PPAQ and the accelerometer counts were 0.58 for total activity, 0.39 for vigorous intensity and 0.49 for moderate intensity. The highest SCCs were for "Occupation" and "Household and Caregiving" activities. Comparisons with other standard cutpoints were presented in files S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7. The PPAQ is reliable and moderately accurate for the measure of PA of various intensities and types among pregnant obese women.
|
['Actigraphy', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Motor Activity', 'Obesity', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Self Disclosure', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 22,701,717
|
[['E01.370.520.049', 'E05.003.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['F01.752.747.792.662'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Changing Face of Family Planning Funding in Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Two Urban Counties.
|
As international development partners reduce funding for family planning (FP) programs, the need to estimate the financial resources devoted to FP is becoming increasingly important both at all levels. This cross-sectional assessment examined the FP financing sources, agents, and expenditures in two counties of Kenya for fiscal years 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 to guide local decision-making on financial allocations. Data were collected through a participatory process. This involved stakeholder interviews, review of financial records and service statistics, and a survey of facilities offering FP services. Financing sources and agents were identified, and source amounts calculated. Types of FP provider organizations and the amounts spent by expenditure categories were identified. Overall, five financing sources and seven agents for FP were identified. Total two-year expenditures were KSh 307.8 M (US$ 3.62 M). The government's share of funding rose from 12% to 21% over the two years (p=0.029). In 2010/2011, the largest expense categories were administration, commodities, and labor; however, spending on commodities increased by 47% (p=0.042). This study provides local managers with FP financing and expenditure information for use in budget allocation decision-making. These analyses can be done routinely and replicated in other local counties or countries in a context of devolution.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Financing, Government', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Planning', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Kenya', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 29,624,948
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['N03.219.521.346'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['N03.349', 'N03.706.615.302'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Phosphorylated immunoreceptor signaling motifs (ITAMs) exhibit unique abilities to bind and activate Lyn and Syk tyrosine kinases.
|
Signal transduction by T and B cell Ag receptors and certain receptors for Ig Fc regions (Fc gamma RI, hFc gamma RIIA, Fc gamma RIII, Fc alpha R, and Fc epsilon RI) involves a conserved sequence motif, termed an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) and found in multiple receptor chains. Phosphorylation of the two ITAM tyrosines is a critical event in signal transduction. To address the function of this phosphorylation, we assessed the ability of nonphosphorylated and biphosphorylated ((p)2ITAM) ITAM peptides to bind and modify the activity of src and syk family kinases in vivo and in vitro. All (p)2ITAMs, but not their nonphosphorylated counterparts, induced extensive protein tyrosine phosphorylation in permeabilized cells. However, the patterns of proteins phosphorylated differed among (p)2ITAMs. This phosphorylation was found to reflect activation of the src family kinase Lyn, but not Syk. In vitro studies using purified Lyn showed that src family kinase activation resulted from a direct interaction with (p)2ITAM. Binding studies demonstrated clear differences in binding specificity of (p)2ITAMs. Most strikingly, Ig alpha (p)2ITAM and TCR-zeta c and CD3 epsilon (p)2ITAMs exhibit inverse binding preferences for src and syk family kinases. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which src family tyrosine kinases are activated, and are consistent with the possibility that different ITAMs may preferentially activate distinct signaling pathways as a consequence of distinct effector Src homology 2 domain (SH2) binding preference.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell', 'Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Signal Transduction']
| 7,594,458
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.950', 'D12.776.377.715.548.950', 'D12.776.543.750.705.816.821'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.816.824'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Patterns and trends with cancer incidence and mortality rates reported by the China National Cancer Registry.
|
National cancer registration reports provide a huge potential for identifying patterns and trends of important policy, research, prevention and treatment significance. As summary reports written on an annual basis, the China Cancer Registry Annual Reports (CCRARs) fall short from fully addressing their potential. This paper attempts to explore part of the patterns and trends hidden behind published CCRARs. It extracted data for cancer incidence rates (IRs) and mortality rates (MRs) for 2004, 2006 and 2009 from relevant CCRARs and portrayed 4 kinds of indicators in line graphs. The study showed that: a) all of the line graphs of age-specific IRs and MRs characterized typical "growth curves or histogram"; b) graphs of IRs and MRs for males and urban areas had higher peaks than that for females and rural regions; c) most of the line graphs of IR/MR ratios comprised a starting peak, a secondary peak and a decreasing tail and the secondary peaks for females and urban areas were higher than those for males and rural areas; d) most of the urban versus rural IR ratios valued above one, but most the urban versus rural MR ratios, below one; e) the accumulative IRs and MRs showed a stable increasing trend from 2004 to 2009 for urban areas, but mixed for rural regions.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Registries', 'Rural Population', 'Survival Rate', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']
| 25,124,619
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['C04'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Enhancement of anticipatory postural adjustments in older adults as a result of a single session of ball throwing exercise.
|
The aim of the study was to investigate the role of short-term training in improvement of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and its effect on subsequent control of posture in older adults. Nine healthy older adults were exposed to self-initiated and predictable external perturbations before and after a single training session consisting of throwing a medicine ball. EMG activity of eight trunk and leg muscles and ground reaction forces were recorded before and immediately after the training session. Muscle onsets and center of pressure displacements were analyzed during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. The training involving throwing of a medicine ball resulted in enhancement of the generation of APAs seen as significantly early onsets of leg and trunk muscle activity prior to the bilateral arm flexion task. Significantly early activation of postural muscles observed prior to the predictable external perturbation, the task that was not a part of training, indicates the transfer of the effect of the single training session. The observed training-related improvements of APAs suggest that APA-focused rehabilitation could be effective in improving postural control, functional balance, mobility, and quality of life in the elderly.
|
['Aged', 'Electromyography', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Postural Balance', 'Posture', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Social Adjustment', 'Time Factors', 'Torso']
| 25,424,864
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['G07.265.216.500.385', 'G11.561.200.500.385'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F01.145.813.621'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A01.923']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Limited proteolysis alters the photoaffinity labeling of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase II with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
|
Photoaffinity labeling of the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with 8-azidoadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-N3cAMP) has proved to be a very specific method for identifying amino acid residues that are in close proximity to the cAMP-binding sites. Each regulatory subunit contains two tandem cAMP-binding sites. The type II regulatory subunit (RII) from porcine heart was modified at a single site, Tyr-381 [Kerlavage, A., & Taylor, S.S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 8483-8488]. When a proteolytic fragment of this RII subunit was photolabeled with 8-N3cAMP, two sites were covalently modified. One site corresponded to Tyr-381 and, thus, was analogous to the native RII. The other site of modification was identified as Tyr-196, which is not labeled in the native protein. Photoaffinity labeling was carried out in the presence of various analogues of cAMP that show a preference for one of the two tandem cAMP-binding sites. These studies established that the covalent modification of Tyr-381 was derived from 8-N3cAMP that was bound to the second cAMP-binding site (domain B) and that covalent modification to Tyr-196 was due to 8-N3cAMP that was bound to the first cAMP-binding site (domain A). These sites of covalent modification have been correlated with a model of each cAMP-binding site on the basis of the crystal structure of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP), which is the major cAMP-binding protein in Escherichia coli.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Affinity Labels', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Azides', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Myocardium', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Kinases', 'Swine', 'Trypsin']
| 3,689,756
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D27.720.470.410.080'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Chinese medical syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical literature study].
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution features of Chinese medical syndromes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by literature retrieval.METHODS: Pertinent articles on treating RA by syndrome differentiation were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure Databases (CNKI), VIP Chinese Biomedical Journal Database, Guizhou Digital Library, and Duxiu Chinese Academic Periodicals full papers database from January 2000 to December 2011.RESULTS: A total of 33 documents were recruited covering 4 233 cases. Damp-heat blocking collaterals syndrome occupied the top in the occurrence frequency (20 times, 60.61%), followed by deficiency of Gan and Shen syndrome (18 times, 54.55%), intermingled phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome (17 times, 51.52%), wind-cold-damp impediment syndrome (15 times, 45.45%), cold-damp blocking collaterals syndrome (14 times, 42.42%), wind-damp-heat impediment and deficiency of qi and blood syndrome (10 times, 30.30%), and intermingled cold and heat syndrome (9 times, 27.27%). According to the case number of patients, it was sequenced as damp-heat blocking collaterals syndrome syndrome (768 cases, 18.14%), wind-damp-heat impediment syndrome(666 cases, 15.73%), wind-cold-damp impediment syndrome(584 cases, 13.80%), cold-damp blocking collaterals syndrome syndrome (517 cases, 12.21%), intermingled cold and heat syndrome (415 cases, 9.80%), intermingled phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome (364 cases, 8.60%), deficiency of Gan and Shen syndrome (235 cases, 5.55%),asthenia of healthy energy due to lingering arthralgia syndrome (223 cases, 5.27%). The case numbers of remaining syndromes did not exceed 5%.CONCLUSION: Damp-heat blocking collaterals syndrome was the main syndrome in RA patients, followed by wind-cold-damp impediment syndrome,wind-damp-heat impediment syndrome,cold-damp blocking collaterals syndrome,intermingled phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome, and deficiency of Gan and Shen syndrome.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Chinese Traditional', 'Yang Deficiency', 'Yin Deficiency']
| 24,758,076
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.585.520', 'I01.076.201.450.654.558.520'], ['C23.550.945'], ['C23.550.972']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Temporal SCE and cytotoxicity responses of murine cells following in vivo treatment with MNU or L-PAM.
|
Time-dependent SCE responses of bone marrow and cultured spleen lymphocytes of BDF1 mice to in vivo treatment with MNU or L-PAM were studied. L-PAM was generally more active than MNU in producing elevated SCEs. Increases of 4-5 times control levels were produced in lymphocytes cultured at 1 or 24 h after i.p. injection of 4.95 mumoles/kg of L-PAM whereas an approximately 3-fold increase was produced by an acute injection of 190 mumoles/kg of MNU. Temporal SCE responses of bone marrow cells were carried out with doses of L-PAM (4.95 mumoles/kg) and MNU (131 mumoles/kg) found to be noncytotoxic by analysis of relative percentages of first, second, and third generation cells. The SCE response of second generation bone marrow cells (greater than 7 time baseline) to MNU was maximum when treatment was at the first cycle and decreased rapidly with increasing time prior to, or after the start of BrdUrd infusion. By contrast nonreciprocal (NR) SCE responses of third generation progeny never exceeded a 2-fold increase over baseline. Dramatic inhibition of cell cycling by MNU was evident as the reciprocal (R) SCEs in third generation cells increased, and exceeded NR SCEs, with increased treatment time intervals after the start of BrdUrd infusion. Similar dramatic cytotoxicity of L-PAM was apparent in time-dependent SCE response studies. An increased BrdUrd infusion time (28 h rather than the usual 26.5 h) was necessary to achieve adequate numbers of third division cells. Maximum SCE responses of the latter cells to L-PAM did not exceed 3 times baseline levels, whereas maximum responses of greater than 9 times control levels were produced in second generation cells. Comparison of SCE responses of second and third generation progeny of similarly treated cell populations, appears to provide a more sensitive assessment of cytotoxicity than does the conventional method of cell cycle analysis.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Melphalan', 'Methylnitrosourea', 'Mice', 'Mutagens', 'Sister Chromatid Exchange', 'Time Factors']
| 2,797,032
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['D02.065.950.594.490', 'D02.654.692.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G05.728.615.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolated juvenile xanthogranuloma of clitoral connective tissue.
|
Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a frequent childhood tumor and the only common non-Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. We present an unusual case of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) of clitoral connective tissue in a 6-week-old girl.
|
['Cell Division', 'Clitoris', 'Connective Tissue', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Histiocytes', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Prognosis', 'Vulvar Diseases', 'Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile']
| 16,032,551
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A05.360.319.887.436'], ['A10.165'], ['E01.171'], ['A11.329.372.385', 'A11.627.482.385', 'A11.733.397.385', 'A15.382.670.522.385', 'A15.382.680.397.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.789'], ['C13.351.500.944'], ['C15.604.250.410.900', 'C17.800.973']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Renal Function in Nucleos(t)ide Analog-Treated Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
|
INTRODUCTION: Renal safety is an important factor in selecting the most appropriate nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This systematic literature review and network meta-analysis aimed to assess renal function associated with telbivudine treatment compared to other NAs in patients with CHB.METHODS: A systematic literature search via Medline, Medline In-Process, Embase, and the Cochrane library for publications of randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted. Network meta-analysis was performed to compare renal function with telbivudine treatment versus other NAs after 1 year of therapy.RESULTS: Overall, 40 (six randomized controlled and 34 observational) studies were included for review. Telbivudine consistently showed an improvement in renal function as measured by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over various time points regardless of the method of measurement. Changes in eGFR (mL/min) from baseline and corresponding 95% credible intervals with various NAs were as follows: monotherapies (telbivudine: 7.78 [6.91, 8.65], entecavir: -1.07 [-4.80, 2.62], lamivudine: -6.08 [-13.35, 1.15], tenofovir: -9.53 [-14.31, -4.89]) and combination therapies (telbivudine + adefovir: 8.37 [-34.00, 50.34], telbivudine + tenofovir: 8.29 [-0.05, 16.64], entecavir + adefovir: 4.15 [-38.55, 46.37], telbivudine + lamivudine: 0.51 [-11.77, 12.96], and lamivudine + adefovir: -0.39 [-42.48, 41.21]). At 1 year, the change in eGFR from baseline was significantly higher with telbivudine compared to other NAs.CONCLUSION: The systematic literature review and network meta-analysis provide evidence that telbivudine is associated with significant improvement in renal function in patients with CHB, either alone or in combination with other NAs.FUNDING: Novartis Pharma AG.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Protective Agents', 'Telbivudine', 'Thymidine']
| 27,146,675
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D27.505.696.706', 'D27.720.799'], ['D03.383.742.680.705.888', 'D13.570.230.855.888', 'D13.570.685.705.888'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Paper-based DNA detection using lanthanide-doped LiYF4 upconversion nanocrystals as bioprobe.
|
A novel sensitive DNA bioassay using lanthanide-doped LiYF4 upconversion nanocrystals as luminescent marker and oligonucleotide hybridization as the selective reaction is developed in a paper-based platform, providing a detection limit of 3.6 fmol.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA', 'Lanthanoid Series Elements', 'Light', 'Limit of Detection', 'Luminescence', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanoparticles', 'Nanotechnology', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Paper', 'Photons', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 24,839,261
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D01.268.558.362', 'D01.552.550.399'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665', 'G01.590.540.665', 'G01.750.250.650.665', 'G01.750.770.578.665'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['J01.637.650'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['E01.370.350.750', 'E05.196.867.851'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Reduction of 4-epiadriamycin cardiotoxicity by milrinone, a new cardiotonic agent.
|
Recently, several non-catecholamine, non-glycoside cardiotonic drugs have been described. New compounds include amrinone, sulmazole and milrinone. Milrinone, a close analogue of amrinone, is about 30 times more potent than amrinone. In attempts to alleviate anthracyclines toxicity, we have previously reported that amrinone and sulmazole reduced the negative inotropic effect of adriamycin and 4-epiadriamycin in isolated guinea pig atria. The present study reports the effects of 4-epiadriamycin on electrically driven isolated guinea pig left atrium, in normodynamic or hypodynamic conditions. Exposure for 60' to 4-epiadriamycin (100 micrograms/ml) caused a depression of contractile force and of maximal rate of contractile force (df/dt). The negative effects of 4-epiadriamycin are antagonized by milrinone at 20 micrograms/ml.
|
['Animals', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Epirubicin', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'Milrinone', 'Pyridones']
| 2,764,506
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.222', 'D27.720.799.080'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175.200', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175.200', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['D02.092.080.085.543', 'D03.383.725.050.085.543'], ['D03.383.725.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Count rate capabilities of polycrystalline silicon photon counting detectors for CBCT applications-a theoretical study.
|
The signal-to-noise properties of active matrix, flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) limit the imaging performance of this x-ray imaging technology under conditions of low dose per image frame. This limitation can affect cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) procedures where an AMFPI is used to acquire hundreds of image frames to form a single volumetric data set. An approach for overcoming this limitation is to replace the energy-integrating pixel circuits of AMFPI arrays with photon counting pixel circuits which examine the energy of each x-ray interaction and count those events whose signals exceed user-defined energy thresholds. A promising material for fabricating the circuits of such photon-counting detectors (PCDs) is polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)-a semiconductor that facilitates economic manufacture of large area, monolithic arrays of the size presently provided by AMFPIs as well as provides good radiation damage resistance. In this paper, results are reported from a theoretical investigation of the potential for poly-Si PCDs to satisfy the count rate needs, while maintaining good energy resolution, of two CBCT applications-CBCT used for breast imaging and kilo-voltage CBCT used for providing localization information in image guided radiotherapy (referred to as BCT and kV-CBCT, respectively). The study focused on the performance of the critical first component of a PCD pixel circuit, the amplifier, under conditions relevant to the two applications. The study determined that, compared to the average input fluxes associated with BCT and kV-CBCT, a promising amplifier design employing poly-Si thin-film transistors can provide count rates two and four times in excess of those levels, respectively, assuming a dead time loss of 10%. In addition, calculational estimates based on foreseeable poly-Si circuit densities suggest that it should be possible to include sufficient circuitry to support 2 and 3 energy thresholds per pixel, respectively. Finally, prospects for further improvements are discussed.
|
['Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Humans', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Photons', 'Semiconductors', 'Silicon', 'X-Rays']
| 31,874,461
|
[['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['G01.249.705', 'G01.358.500.505.650.782', 'G01.590.540.782', 'G01.750.250.650.782', 'G01.750.770.578.782'], ['E07.305.625'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing hip or knee replacement: a case-control study.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify and assess the impact of postoperative complications in patients with unrecognized or known obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) undergoing hip replacement or knee replacement compared with control patients undergoing similar operations. Although OSAS is a risk factor for perioperative morbidity, data quantifying the magnitude of the problem in patients undergoing non-upper airway operations are limited.PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective, case-control study from a single academic medical institution included patients diagnosed as having OSAS between January 1995 and December 1998 and undergoing hip or knee replacement within 3 years before or anytime after their OSAS diagnosis. Patients with OSAS were subcategorized as having the diagnosis either before or after the surgery and also, regardless of time of diagnosis, by whether they were using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prior to hospitalization. Matched controls were patients without OSAS undergoing the same operation. Interventions were defined specifically as administration of a particular treatment in the context of each complication, eg, supplemental oxygen, implementation of additional monitoring such as oximetry for hypoxemia, or transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) for cardiac ischemia concerns. Postoperative complications were assessed for all patients in the different categories and included respiratory events such as hypoxemia, acute hypercapnia, and episodes of delirium. Serious complications were noted separately, including unplanned ICU days, reintubations, and cardiac events. The length of hospital stay was also tabulated.RESULTS: There were 101 patients with the diagnosis of OSAS in this study and 101 matched controls. Thirty-six patients had their joint replacement before OSAS was diagnosed, and 65 had surgery after OSAS was diagnosed. Of the latter 65 patients, only 33 were using CPAP at home preoperatively. Complications were noted in 39 patients (39%) in the OSAS group and 18 patients (18%) in the control group (P=.001). Serious complications occurred in 24 patients (24%) in the OSAS group compared with 9 patients (9%) in the control group (P=.004). Hospital stay was significantly longer for the OSAS patients at a mean +/- SD of 6.8 +/- 2.8 days compared with 5.1 +/- 4.1 days for the control patients (P<.007).CONCLUSION: Adverse postoperative outcomes occurred at a higher rate in patients with a diagnosis of OSAS undergoing hip or knee replacement compared with a group of matched control patients.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Positive-Pressure Respiration', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prognosis', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive']
| 11,560,300
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110.110', 'E04.650.110.110', 'E04.680.101.110.110'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.041.625.790', 'E02.880.820.790'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.789'], ['C08.618.846'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Staying cold through dinner: cold-climate bats rewarm with conspecifics but not sunset during hibernation.
|
For temperate endotherms (i.e., mammals and birds) energy costs are highest during winter but food availability is lowest and many mammals depend on hibernation as a result. Hibernation is made up of energy-saving torpor bouts [periods of controlled reduction in body temperature (T b)], which are interrupted by brief periodic arousals to normothermic T b. What triggers these arousals in free-ranging hibernators is not well understood. Some temperate bats with intermittent access to flying insects during winter synchronize arousals with sunset, which suggests that, in some species, feeding opportunities influence arousal timing. We tested whether hibernating bats from a cold climate without access to food during winter also maintain a circadian rhythm for arousals or whether cues from conspecifics in the same cluster are more important. We used temperature telemetry to monitor skin temperature (T sk) of free-ranging little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) hibernating in central Manitoba, Canada, where temperatures from 22 October to 22 March were too cold for flying insects. We found no evidence bats synchronized arousals with photoperiod but they did arouse synchronously with other bats in the same cluster. Thus, in the northern part of their range where flying insects are almost never available during winter, little brown bats exhibit no circadian pattern to arousals. Warming synchronously with others could reduce the energetic costs of arousal for individuals or could reflect disturbance of torpid bats by cluster-mates.
|
['Animals', 'Arousal', 'Chiroptera', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Cold Climate', 'Female', 'Hibernation', 'Male', 'Photoperiod', 'Skin Temperature', 'Social Behavior']
| 23,539,327
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['G16.500.275.071.275', 'N06.230.300.100.250.275'], ['G07.110.232.889.500', 'G07.410.421.889.500', 'G16.012.500.535.889.500'], ['G01.910.675'], ['G07.110.753', 'G13.750.844'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular and functional characterization of a novel efflux pump, AmvA, mediating antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
|
OBJECTIVES: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitalized patients, and causes a multitude of infections with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of a novel efflux pump in A. baumannii.METHODS: The open reading frame ABAYE1518, annotated as a putative Methyl Viologen resistance protein in the genome of strain A. baumannii AYE, exhibits >50% similarity with members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) multidrug efflux pumps. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli KAM32 cells carrying the putative efflux pump were monitored by broth dilution method. Different efflux pump inhibitors were used for fluorimetric efflux assays. The functions of the putative efflux pump were confirmed in A. baumannii by insertional inactivation and complementation. Its expression in clinical isolates was analysed by reverse transcriptase-PCR.RESULTS: E. coli cells carrying the pump had decreased susceptibility to some antibiotics, disinfectants, dyes and detergents, with enhanced efflux activity. The pump was inactivated in a clinical isolate of A. baumannii AC0037 and further characterization confirmed its role in antimicrobial resistance by active efflux. We found increased expression of the pump in clinical isolates that also exhibited elevated tolerance to antibacterial agents.CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the functions of a novel resistance determinant, a member of the MFS efflux pumps, for the first time in A. baumannii.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Disinfectants', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Deletion', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']
| 20,573,661
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['B03.440.400.425.537.050.099', 'B03.660.250.530.050.099'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D27.505.954.122.425', 'D27.720.274'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exercise training reverses endothelial dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
|
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis and an important prognostic marker for future cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine 1) the association between liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and endothelial dysfunction in obese NAFLD patients and 2) the impact of supervised exercise training on this vascular defect. Brachial artery endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 34 obese NAFLD patients and 20 obese controls of similar age and cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen uptake (V?o2 peak)] (48 ± 2 vs. 47 ± 2 yr; 27 ± 1 vs. 26 ± 2 ml·kg?1·min?1?1). Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy quantified abdominal and liver fat, respectively. Twenty-one NAFLD patients completed either 16 wk of supervised moderate-intensity exercise training (n = 13) or conventional care (n = 8). Differences between NAFLD and controls were compared using independent t-tests and effects of interventions by analysis of covariance. NAFLD patients had higher liver fat [11.6% (95% CI = 7.4, 18.1), P < 0.0005] and VAT [1.6 liters (95% CI = 1.2, 2.0), P < 0.0001] than controls and exhibited impaired FMD compared with controls [?3.6% (95% CI = ?4.9, ?2.2), P < 0.0001]. FMD was inversely correlated with VAT (r = ?0.54, P = 0.001) in NAFLD, although the impairment in FMD remained following covariate adjustment for VAT [3.1% (95% CI = 1.8, 4.5), P < 0.001]. Exercise training, but not conventional care, significantly improved V?o2 peak [9.1 ml·kg?1·min?1 (95% CI = 4.1, 14.1); P = 0.001] and FMD [3.6% (95% CI = 1.6, 5.7), P = 0.002]. Endothelial dysfunction in NAFLD cannot be fully explained by excess VAT but can be reversed with exercise training; this has potential implications for the primary prevention of CVD in NAFLD.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Brachial Artery', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Vasodilation']
| 25,193,471
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['A07.015.114.139'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Monocytoid B cells are distinct from splenic marginal zone cells and commonly derive from unmutated naive B cells and less frequently from postgerminal center B cells by polyclonal transformation.
|
Monocytoid B cells represent a morphologically conspicuous B-cell population that constantly occurs in Toxoplasma gondii-induced Piringer's lymphadenopathy. Although widely believed to be closely related to splenic marginal zone B cells, neither this relationship, nor the B-cell differentiation stage of monocytoid B cells, nor their cellular precursors have been established. We have therefore examined monocytoid B cells for their expression of B-cell differentiation markers and the Ig isotypes at the RNA and protein level as well as for rearranged Ig heavy chain (H) genes and somatic mutations within the variable (V) region. The results obtained were compared with the corresponding features of other B-cell populations. The monocytoid B cells displayed immunophenotypical differences to all other B-cell populations. IgM and IgD expression was absent from most monocytoid B cells at the RNA and protein levels. Unrelated (polyclonal) Ig rearrangements were found in 85 of the 95 cells studied. Seventy-four percent of the rearranged VH genes were devoid of somatic mutations, whereas the remaining 26% carried a low number of somatic mutations. The majority of these showed no significant signs of antigen selection. This finding in conjunction with the predominantly unrelated Ig gene rearrangements indicates that most monocytoid B cells arise not by clonal proliferation but by transformation of polyclonal B cells. The B cells undergoing a monocytoid B-cell transformation are in the majority (74%) naive B cells, and only a minority are (26%) non-antigen-selected postgerminal center B cells. Thus, our data show that monocytoid B cells represent a distinct B-cell subpopulation.
|
['Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte', 'B-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Germinal Center', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Isotypes', 'Immunoglobulin Variable Region', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Diseases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Spleen']
| 10,515,883
|
[['D23.050.301.264.051', 'D23.101.100.150'], ['A11.063.438.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.450', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.450', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.200', 'A15.382.032.438.450', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.300', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.450'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.344.401.501', 'G12.500.274.501'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['A10.549.400.500', 'A15.382.520.604.412.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797', 'G02.111.570.060.425'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C15.604'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of bioactive substances from tall delphinium on the development of acute inflammation of different genesis.
|
Effects of complex and individual bioactive substances extracted from tall delphinium on acute inflammation induced by carrageenin, acetic acid, serotonin, and histamine were studied. The studied plant substances produced a pronounced antiinflammatory effect comparable to that of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs.
|
['Acetic Acid', 'Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Carrageenan', 'Delphinium', 'Histamine', 'Inflammation', 'Mice', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Serotonin']
| 19,110,561
|
[['D02.241.081.018.165', 'D10.251.400.045.500'], ['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['D09.698.152'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.836.750.277'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of heterologous human apolipoprotein E by J774 macrophages enhances cholesterol efflux to HDL3.
|
Expression of apolipoprotein (apo) E by macrophages is tightly regulated by cellular cholesterol content. We have investigated a potential modulating role for apoE on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis by stably transfecting the J774 macrophage, which does not express its endogenous apoE gene, with a human apoE cDNA expression vector and comparing cholesterol homeostasis in this cell line with that of a control line transfected with the neomycin resistance construct only. Incubation in serum-free medium after cholesterol loading produced no difference in cellular cholesterol content between apoE secreting and non-secreting J774 cells. Similarly, in serum-free medium there was no difference in the amount of radiolabeled cholesterol effluxed. Addition of cAMP or S58035 to cholesterol-loaded J774 cells did enhance efflux of radiolabeled cholesterol from apoE secreting compared to non-secreting macrophages but did not detectably alter cellular free cholesterol or cholesteryl ester mass. Incubation with HDL3 alone, however, significantly decreased macrophage cholesteryl ester mass compared to a 24-h incubation in serum-free medium from 10.5 +/- 3.9 to 3.2 +/- 2.0 (P < 0.01) in apoE-secreting J774 cells. During a 24-h incubation in HDL3, cholesteryl ester fell from 6.4 +/- 2.4 to 0.8 +/- 0.7 (delta = 5.6 micrograms/mg) in apoE-secreting cells and from 9.3 +/- 2.2 to 7.7 +/- micrograms/mg (delta = 1.6 micrograms/mg) in non-secreting cells (P < 0.005 apoE-secreting vs. non-secreting cells).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Apolipoproteins E', 'Cell Line', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Macrophages']
| 7,989,859
|
[['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284.200', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197.200', 'D10.570.938.208.250'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['E05.393.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vancomycin administration: the impact of multidisciplinary interventions.
|
BACKGROUND: The clinical microbiology team observed that patients were not receiving all prescribed doses of vancomycin. Ward staff was confused about ordering and interpreting vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) levels.AIM: To audit the incidence of vancomycin dose omission. To implement a series of interventions to improve vancomycin dose administration, and to repeat the audit process to assess these interventions.METHODS: Three prospective audits were conducted to assess the impact of vancomycin TDM on administration of vancomycin. After the first audit, a number of changes in the TDM process were undertaken. After review of the second audit, a senior pharmacist coordinated ward-based pharmacists in assisting staff to interpret levels, and TDM interpretative charts were designed for drug charts. Following the third audit, feedback to hospital management and a plan for ongoing education were undertaken.RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the number of vancomycin doses held inappropriately in the third (10% (78/782) of prescribed doses) when compared to the first audit (16% (161/1007) of doses) (p<0.01). Of doses that were held inappropriately, there was a significant decrease in doses held for no apparent reason in audit 3 (16% (27/170) of prescribed doses) when compared to audit 1 (25% (69/282) of doses) (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The interventions resulted in a 37.5% reduction in inappropriately held vancomycin doses over a one-year period; 10% of doses are still being held inappropriately. This study highlights the difficulties in identifying barriers to change and changing healthcare worker behaviour.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Clinical Competence', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Monitoring', 'Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Medical Audit', 'Patient Care Team', 'Pharmacy Service, Hospital', 'Vancomycin']
| 17,293,388
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E02.319.283'], ['E01.370.520.200'], ['E02.319.335', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.180'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.603', 'N02.421.668.556', 'N04.452.442.452.422.603'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Glucose and H2
|
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and has become one of the most serious threats to human health. In recent decades, a number of insulin delivery systems, including bulk gels, nanogels, and polymeric micelles, have been developed for the treatment of diabetes. Herein, a kind of glucose and H2O2 dual-responsive polymeric nanogel was designed for enhanced glucose-responsive insulin delivery. The polymeric nanogels composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(cyclic phenylboronic ester) (glucose and H2O2 dual-sensitive groups) were synthesized by a one-pot thiol-ene click chemistry approach. The nanogels displayed glucose-responsive release of insulin and the release rate could be promoted by the incorporation of glucose oxidase (GOx), which generated H2O2 at high glucose levels and H2O2 further oxidizes and hydrolyzes the phenylboronic ester group. The nanogels have characteristics of long blood circulation time, a fast response to glucose, and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, subcutaneous delivery of insulin to diabetic mice with the insulin/GOx-loaded nanogels presented an effective hypoglycemic effect compared to that of injection of insulin or insulin-loaded nanogels. This kind of nanogel would be a promising candidate for the delivery of insulin in the future.
|
['Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cell Survival', 'Click Chemistry', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drug Carriers', 'Enzymes, Immobilized', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Nanogels', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polyethyleneimine']
| 31,038,150
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.197.124', 'J01.897.836.249.124'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['D08.811.180', 'D12.776.463.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D05.750.219', 'D20.280.320.609', 'D25.720.532', 'J01.637.051.720.584', 'J01.637.512.150.500', 'J01.637.512.600.596'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Follicle formation and iodide metabolism in cultures of human thyroid cells.
|
Primary cultures were initiated using thyroid tissue obtained at operation from patients with Graves's disease. The in-vitro conditions which permitted the formation of functional follicular structures in both primary cultures and derived sub-cultures were examined. In both situations, culture without the addition of calf serum to the medium resulted in the formation of follicles in response to thyrotrophin. In primary cultures the response to stimulation by exogenous thyrotrophin was variable. However, cells derived from long-term primary monolayers responded to thyrotrophin stimulation in a more predictable manner. In sub-cultures, the ability of cells to concentrate and organify iodide was augmented in a dose-dependent fashion in response to thyrotrophin (0 to 0.2 mu./ml); maximal values of 20 to 80 times those of control cultures being obtained. While follicular structure was maintained at higher hormone concentrations iodide-trapping capacity declined. Similar effects were produced by both low and high purity thyrotrophin and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Thyroid cells from two patients with a genetic defect of iodide organification exhibited the same lesion in vitro.
|
['Cells, Cultured', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Iodides', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Photomicrography', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyrotropin']
| 6,894,939
|
[['A11.251'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.490', 'D01.475.410'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E01.370.350.515.799', 'E01.370.350.600.635', 'E05.595.799'], ['A06.300.900'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Over-triage occurs when considering the patient's pain in Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS).
|
BACKGROUND: The Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS) was developed based on the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale. In patients with pain, to determine the KTAS level, the pain scale is considered; however, since the degree of pain is subjective, this may affect the accuracy of KTAS. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of KTAS in predicting patient's severity with the degree of pain used as a modifier.METHOD: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted in an urban tertiary hospital emergency department (ED). We investigated patients over 16 years old from January to June 2016. The patients were divided into the pain and non-pain groups according to whether the degree of pain was used as a modifier or not. We compared the predictive power of KTAS on the urgency of patients between the two groups. Acute area registration in the ED, emergency procedure, emergency operation, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and 7-day mortality were used as markers to determine urgent patients.RESULTS: Overall, 24,253 patients were included in the study, with 9,175 (37.8%) in the pain group. The proportions of patients with KTAS 1-3 were 61.4% in the pain and 75.6% in the non-pain groups. Among patients with KTAS 2-3, the proportion of urgent patients was higher in the non-pain group than the pain group (p<0.001). The odds ratios for urgent patients at each KTAS level revealed a more evident discriminatory power of KTAS for urgent patients in the non-pain group. The predictability of KTAS for urgent patients was higher in the non-pain group than the pain group (area under the curve; 0.736 vs. 0.765, p-value <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Considering the degree of pain with KTAS led to overestimation of patient severity and had a negative impact on the predictability of KTAS for urgent patients.
|
['Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Patient Acuity', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Triage']
| 31,071,132
|
[['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['N02.421.297.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hybrid production of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq: Fries) Kummer.
|
Optimization of industrial mushroom production depends on improving the culture process and breeding new strains with higher yields and productivities. So many works have been done on process improvement, Although few systematic studies of genetic breeding of Pleurotus ostreatus strains have been reported. The major aim of hybridization is to combine desirable characteristics from different strains and create variability in the existing germ plasm. In this study, we used a breeding approach to hybrid production from cultivated Oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus. Five strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq: Fries) Kummer were used in this research. Basidiospores were suspended in sterile distilled water and counted with a haemocytometer. After germination, colony of each isolate transferred into the PDA medium. Growth rate and colony type of each isolate was determined and then 17 monokaryons were selected. Consequently screening monokaryons were crossed to each other. Some characteristics such as morphological interaction in the contact zone of mycelium, increasing in growth rate of hybrid, change of colony morphology and the presence of clamp connections between dikaryotic cells used to distinction of monokaryons from dikaryons. We recognized 27 hybrids by these characteristics.
|
['Hybridization, Genetic', 'Pleurotus']
| 19,070,153
|
[['E05.820.150.390', 'G05.090.390'], ['B01.300.179.100.650']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Denied pregnancy.
|
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the topic of denied pregnancy and present a case study that illustrates some salient points.CLINICAL PICTURE: A 21-year-old woman was unaware of her pregnancy until she went into labour, at which time she went into a state of panic. She delivered a dead baby.TREATMENT: She was interviewed over the 5 days following delivery and referred for psychiatric assessment. She was discharged when cleared of serious psychiatric illness.OUTCOME: At follow-up she was well but haunted by recollections of the delivery. She was referred for further counselling.CONCLUSIONS: Denial of pregnancy is more common than realised. It is a heterogeneous condition associated with different coping styles and psychiatric diagnoses. Early testing for pregnancy is recommended in young women with nausea, weight gain and menstruation-like bleeding.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Denial, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Change Events', 'Pregnancy']
| 9,034,478
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.393.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Patient global ratings of change did not adequately reflect change over time: a clinical cohort study.
|
BACKGROUND: Global ratings of change (GROCs) are commonly used in research and clinical practice to determine which patients respond to therapy, but their validity as a criterion for change has not been firmly established. One factor related to their validity is the length of the recall period.OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to examine the influence of the length of the recall period on the validity of a GROC for determining true change over time in the clinical setting.DESIGN: This was a longitudinal, single-cohort observational study.METHODS: Data from the Focus on Therapeutic Outcomes clinical database were collected for 8,955 patients reporting for physical therapy treatment of a knee disorder. Computerized adaptive testing was used to assess knee functional status (FS) at the initial and final (discharge) physical therapy visits. Each patient's GROC was obtained at discharge. Correlation and linear regression analyses of knee FS and GROC, stratified by length of time between intake and discharge, were conducted.RESULTS: Correlations of GROC with knee FS change scores were modest even for the shortest period of recall (0-30 days) and were slightly lower for longer recall periods. Regression analyses using knee FS to predict GROC scores revealed similar findings. Correlations of GROC with intake and discharge scores indicated a strong bias toward discharge status, with little or no influence of baseline status. Standardized regression coefficients fitted the pattern expected for a valid measure of change but confirmed the strong bias toward discharge status.LIMITATIONS: One version of the GROC administered serially in a cohort of patients seen in clinical practice was examined.CONCLUSIONS: These results call into question the validity of GROCs for measuring change over time in routine clinical practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physical Therapy Modalities', 'Recovery of Function', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,231,227
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535'], ['G16.757'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Manipulation of two á-endo-â-1,4-glucanase genes, AtCel6 and GmCel7, reduces susceptibility to Heterodera glycines in soybean roots.
|
Plant endo-â-1,4-glucanases (EGases) include cell wall-modifying enzymes that are involved in nematode-induced growth of syncytia (feeding structures) in nematode-infected roots. EGases in the á- and â-subfamilies contain signal peptides and are secreted, whereas those in the ã-subfamily have a membrane-anchoring domain and are not secreted. The Arabidopsis á-EGase At1g48930, designated as AtCel6, is known to be down-regulated by beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) in Arabidopsis roots, whereas another á-EGase, AtCel2, is up-regulated. Here, we report that the ectopic expression of AtCel6 in soybean roots reduces susceptibility to both soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Suppression of GmCel7, the soybean homologue of AtCel2, in soybean roots also reduces the susceptibility to SCN. In contrast, in studies on two ã-EGases, both ectopic expression of AtKOR2 in soybean roots and suppression of the soybean homologue of AtKOR3 had no significant effect on SCN parasitism. Our results suggest that secreted á-EGases are likely to be more useful than membrane-bound ã-EGases in the development of an SCN-resistant soybean through gene manipulation. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that Arabidopsis shares molecular events of cyst nematode parasitism with soybean, and confirms the suitability of the Arabidopsis-H. schachtii interaction as a model for the soybean-H. glycines pathosystem.
|
['Animals', 'Cellulose', 'Disease Resistance', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Soybeans', 'Tylenchoidea']
| 24,844,661
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.984.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Blocking of passive sensitization of human mast cells and basophil granulocytes with IgE antibodies by a recombinant human epsilon-chain fragment of 76 amino acids.
|
The recombinant peptide corresponding to residues 301-376 at the junction of constant regions 2 and 3 of the human IgE epsilon chain blocked the in vivo passive sensitization of human skin mast cells and in vitro sensitization of human basophil granulocytes with human IgE antibodies. An injection of the recombinant peptide or E myeloma protein into normal skin sites 1 hr before sensitization with an allergic serum blocked passive sensitization. In this system, approximately 10-fold higher molar concentration of the recombinant peptide than E myeloma protein was required for 50% inhibition of Prausnitz-K?stner reactions. When the mononuclear cells of two normal individuals were preincubated with the recombinant peptide or E myeloma protein for 15 min before passive sensitization with the same allergic serum and the cells were challenged with an optimal concentration of an antigen, approximately 11- to 13-fold higher concentration of the recombinant peptide than E myeloma protein was required for 50% inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release. Further studies with several recombinant peptides indicated that amino acid resides 363-376 in the Fc epsilon-chain fragment are not essential for binding of the peptide to Fc epsilon-chain receptor I.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Basophils', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin epsilon-Chains', 'Mast Cells', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 2,512,581
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.500.370', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500.370', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500.370'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Elderly patients with deliberate self-poisoning treated in an Australian general hospital.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the demographic, prescription, ingestion, and psychiatric diagnostic factors that distinguished elderly from nonelderly patients treated for deliberate self-poisoning (DSP).METHOD: A prospective case series study of 2,667 patients presenting to a regional referral center for poisoning (Newcastle Mater Hospital, NSW, Australia), January 1991 to July 1998. The sample was stratified into two groups, 65 years or greater (n = 110) and 64 years or less (n = 2,557) at the time of index admission. The groups were compared using a forward stepwise logistic regression model. Uncontrolled comparisons were analyzed by chi-square statistic with Bonferroni-adjusted p values and controlled comparisons by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS: The elderly group represented 4.1% of the total. The logistic regression analysis found the elderly DSP group was more likely to have a longer length of stay (OR 5.90, CI 3.87-9.00), to have been prescribed "other" drugs (neither benzodiazepines, mood treatment drugs, nor paracetamol) before admission (OR 5.32, CI 3.34-8.48), to have been prescribed benzodiazepines (OR 3.15, CI 2.03-4.89), and to be diagnosed with major depression (OR 2.17, CI 1.41-3.36) than the younger group. The elderly group was less likely to have ingested paracetamol (OR 0.28, CI 0.14-0.54) or "other" drugs (neither benzodiazepines nor mood treatment drugs) in the DSP episode (OR 0.33, CI 0.20-0.54).DISCUSSION: Elderly DSP patients differ in several important respects from younger patients. They have higher morbidity as a result of the DSP. Major depression plays a more important role. The strong relationship between benzodiazepine prescription and DSP in the elderly raises questions and possible prevention strategies.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Drug Overdose', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization Review', 'Female', 'Hospitals, General', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Morbidity', 'New South Wales', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 12,094,912
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['F03.600.300'], ['C25.775.383', 'E02.319.306.500.500'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477.400', 'N04.761.879.300', 'N05.700.900.300'], ['N02.278.421.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525', 'N01.224.935.597', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Skin type, hair color, and freckles are predictors of decreased minimal erythema ultraviolet radiation dose.
|
In a group of 190 white healthy subjects the skin type classification method was found valuable for differentiating subgroups with various degrees of sun sensitivity (except for 33% with borderline or unclassifiable skin type). Sun-sensitive skin types I and II were significantly more common among persons with light hair color or freckles, or both (p less than 0.001). In each skin type category the proportion of subjects with a minimal erythema dose (MED) lower than the median MED of the entire group (%LMED) decreased significantly with increasing skin type number, and distinguished between skin types I through III better than did their mean MED values. Independent predictors of %LMED were skin type and hair color. The contribution of freckles to %LMED was skin type dependent. Age, sex, or eye color had no independent effect on %LMED. The association of skin types I and II, red or blond hair, and freckles with decreased MED may reflect genetically controlled predominance of pheomelanin (a photosensitizing molecule) in the skin of subjects with these phenotypes.
|
['Adult', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Erythema', 'Female', 'Hair Color', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanosis', 'Phenotype', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 3,403,743
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['C17.800.229', 'C23.888.885.328'], ['G13.500', 'G16.690.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C17.800.621.430.530'], ['G05.695'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DNA-directed synthesis in vitro of beta-galactosidase: requirement for a ribosome release factor.
|
The DNA-directed synthesis of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli extracts has been investigated in a partially fractionated system. A dependency was obtained for 3',5'-cyclic AMP receptor protein and also for a factor, from the salt wash of ribosomes, that has been purified to near homogeneity. This factor has been identified with a ribosome release factor previously purified from the supernatant fraction by A. Hirashima and A. Kaji [(1972) Biochemistry 11,4037-4044]. In the coupled transcription-translation system this factor stimulates beta-galactosidase synthesis and total protein synthesis 2- to 4-fold. It is thus clear that the ribosome release factor has a physiological function in translation. It may also affect transcription, because it stimulated total RNA synthesis up to 50% in this in vitro system.
|
['Cross Reactions', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Galactosidases', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Weight', 'Peptide Chain Termination, Translational', 'Polyribosomes', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Cyclic AMP', 'Ribosomal Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 410,018
|
[['G12.122.281'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.277.450.410'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.111.660.871.720', 'G03.734.871.720'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811.740'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.150', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.150'], ['D12.776.835'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RETRACTED: Ecological risk assessment of coastal ecosystems: The case of mangrove forests in Hormozgan Province, Iran.
|
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of at the request of the Editors-in-Chief.
After a thorough investigation, the Editors have concluded that the acceptance of this article was partly based upon the positive advice of three illegitimate reviewer reports. The reports were submitted from email accounts which were provided by the corresponding author C.A. Damalas as suggested reviewers during the submission of the article. Although purportedly real reviewer accounts, the Editors have concluded that these were not of appropriate, independent reviewers.
This manipulation of the peer-review process represents a clear violation of the fundamentals of peer review, our publishing policies, and publishing ethics standards. Apologies are offered to the reviewers whose identity was assumed and to the readers of the journal that this deception was not detected during the submission process.
|
['China', 'Ecosystem', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollution', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Iran', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Risk Assessment', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Wetlands']
| 29,054,082
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['N06.850.460'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['G16.500.275.157.812', 'N06.230.124.625']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Development of murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells characterized by the expression of hyaluronan receptors.
|
Endothelial cells (ECs) display distinct structural and functional characteristics depending on the tissue and developmental stage; however, the development of tissue-specific ECs remains poorly understood. Here, we describe the development of hepatic sinusoids in mice based on the expression of hyaluronan receptors Stab2 and Lyve-1. Flk-1(+) cells in and around the liver bud begin to express Stab2 at embryonic day (E) 9.5, before the formation of vascular lumen. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs) begin to express Lyve-1 at E10.5, and both markers continue to be expressed in HSECs thereafter. Although HSECs and lymphatic ECs (LECs) are known to share functional and phenotypic characteristics, we clearly show that HSECs can be distinguished from LECs by the expression of molecular markers and higher endocytotic activity. Our results provide new insight into the development of tissue-specific ECs and phenotypic criteria to distinguish HSECs from other types of ECs, including LECs.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Embryonic Induction', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Glycoproteins', 'Hepatocytes', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Liver', 'Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mice']
| 17,626,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['G04.085.300', 'G04.152.300', 'G07.345.500.100.250', 'G07.345.500.325.180.750', 'G08.686.784.170.104.750'], ['A11.436.275'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['A11.436.348'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.157.530', 'D12.776.543.585'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A method for measurement of platelet regeneration in man.
|
Platelet suspensions obtained at different time intervals following a single dose of oral aspirin were incubated with [1-(14)C]-arachidonic acid and the amount of [1-(14)C]thromboxane B2 formed was determined by a double isotope technique. Since aspirin is an irreversible inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase and since circulating platelets do not synthesize cyclooxygenase the rate of reappearance of active cyclooxygenase determined in this way was a measure of the rate of regeneration of functioning platelets. In two subjects the regeneration half-times were 4.2 and 4.8 days.
|
['Aspirin', 'Blood Platelets', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Methods', 'Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases', 'Regeneration', 'Thromboxane B2', 'Time Factors']
| 104,315
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E05.581'], ['D08.811.600.720', 'D08.811.682.690.708.715'], ['G16.762'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.825.810', 'D10.251.355.310.166.971.810'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of heat-shock on Plasmodium falciparum viability, growth and expression of the heat-shock protein 'PFHSP70-I' gene.
|
Cultures of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were subjected to heat-shock for varying times and temperatures and then tested for their viability, growth and expression of heat-shock protein. Results show that the majority of parasites remained viable after heat-shock but their growth was affected. However, the expression of the heat-shock protein 'PFHSP70-I' gene was enhanced after heat-shock. We conclude that malarial parasites are able to survive in vivo during fever probably due to the overexpression of the heat-shock protein gene.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hot Temperature', 'Kinetics', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'RNA', 'Temperature', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,385,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['D13.444.735'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An integrated in vitro model for simultaneous assessment of drug uptake, metabolism, and efflux.
|
The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs in vivo are to a large extent dependent on different transport and metabolism routes. Elucidation of this complex transport-metabolism interplay is a major challenge in drug development and at present no in vitro models suitable for this purpose are at hand. The aim of this study was to develop flexible, well-controlled, easy-to-use, integrated cell models, where drug transport and drug metabolism processes could be studied simultaneously. HEK293 cells stably transfected with the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) were subjected to either transient transfection or adenoviral infection to introduce the genes expressing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), cytochrome b5 (CYB5A), and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), in different combinations. Thereafter, the time and concentration-dependent transport and metabolism of two well-characterized statins, atorvastatin (acid and lactone forms) and simvastatin (acid form), were determined in the different models. The results show that CYP3A4-dependent metabolism of the more hydrophilic atorvastatin acid was dependent on OATP1B1 uptake and influenced by MDR1 efflux. In contrast, the metabolism of the more lipophilic atorvastatin lactone was not affected by active transport, whereas the metabolism of simvastatin acid was less influenced by active transport than atorvastatin acid. Our results, together with the models being applicative for any combination of drug transporters and CYP metabolizing enzymes of choice, provide proof-of-concept for the potential of the new integrated cell models presented as valuable screening tools in drug discovery and development.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Adenoviridae', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Cytochromes b5', 'Humans', 'Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1', 'NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase', 'Organic Anion Transporters', 'Simvastatin']
| 23,822,632
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['B04.280.030'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['D08.244.187.500', 'D12.776.422.220.187.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.781.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.580', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.875.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.901'], ['D08.811.682.608.191.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074.500', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing glyoxalase enzymes resist an increase in methylglyoxal and maintain higher reduced glutathione levels under salinity stress.
|
The mechanism behind enhanced salt tolerance conferred by the overexpression of glyoxalase pathway enzymes was studied in transgenic vis-?-vis wild-type (WT) plants. We have recently documented that salinity stress induces higher level accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent cytotoxin and primary substrate for glyoxalase pathway, in various plant species [Yadav, S.K., Singla-Pareek, S.L., Ray, M., Reddy, M.K. and Sopory, S.K. (2005) MG levels in plants under salinity stress are dependent on glyoxalase I and glutathione. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337, 61-67]. The transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing glyoxalase pathway enzymes, resist an increase in the level of MG that increased to over 70% in WT plants under salinity stress. These plants showed enhanced basal activity of various glutathione related antioxidative enzymes that increased further upon salinity stress. These plants suffered minimal salinity stress induced oxidative damage measured in terms of the lipid peroxidation. The reduced glutathione (GSH) content was high in these transgenic plants and also maintained a higher reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio under salinity. Manipulation of glutathione ratio by exogenous application of GSSG retarded the growth of non-transgenic plants whereas transgenic plants sustained their growth. These results suggest that resisting an increase in MG together with maintaining higher reduced glutathione levels can be efficiently achieved by the overexpression of glyoxalase pathway enzymes towards developing salinity stress tolerant plants.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Drug Resistance', 'Glutathione', 'Lactoylglutathione Lyase', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Pyruvaldehyde', 'Saline Solution, Hypertonic', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Thiolester Hydrolases', 'Tobacco']
| 16,253,241
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.520.300.500'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D02.047.644.650'], ['D26.776.314.890'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D08.811.277.352.897'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation.
|
GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has a parallel inhibitory role in the immune system. We demonstrate that immune cells synthesize GABA and have the machinery for GABA catabolism. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) express functional GABA receptors and respond electrophysiologically to GABA. Thus, the immune system harbors all of the necessary constituents for GABA signaling, and GABA itself may function as a paracrine or autocrine factor. These observations led us to ask further whether manipulation of the GABA pathway influences an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Increasing GABAergic activity ameliorates ongoing paralysis in EAE via inhibition of inflammation. GABAergic agents act directly on APCs, decreasing MAPK signals and diminishing subsequent adaptive inflammatory responses to myelin proteins.
|
['4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'GABA Agents', 'GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Inflammation', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-17', 'Macrophages', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Proteins', 'Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein', 'Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Receptors, GABA', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 20,133,656
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.200'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.066', 'A15.382.066'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.240', 'D27.505.696.577.240'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625.139', 'D12.776.157.530.562.374.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625.139', 'D12.776.543.585.562.374.750'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.517', 'D12.776.467.374.465.517', 'D23.529.374.465.517'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.543.620', 'D12.776.631.580'], ['D12.776.395.550.570', 'D12.776.503.921.049', 'D12.776.543.550.555', 'D12.776.543.620.530', 'D12.776.631.580.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.114.500', 'D12.776.543.550.195.500', 'D12.776.543.620.550', 'D12.776.631.580.530', 'D23.050.422.625'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.300'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retention of hamster oolemma fusibility with spermatozoa after various enzyme treatments: a search for the molecules involved in sperm-egg fusion.
|
The plasma membrane (oolemma) of the hamster egg retains the ability to fuse with spermatozoa even after exhaustive treatment with proteases and glycosidases. In contrast, when mouse oolemma is treated with proteases, the ability of eggs to fuse with spermatozoa is reduced. In the present study, similar treatments effective in reducing fusibility in the mouse were reexamined in the hamster. Of the several enzymes and treatments tested, only trypsin in Ca(2+)-free medium significantly reduced the hamster oolemma's ability to fuse with spermatozoa. This is suggestive of a cadherin-like system of binding and fusion. When hamster oolemmae were treated with the same protease regimen that reduced fusibility of mouse oolemma for mouse spermatozoa, heterologous fusion of hamster oolemmae with mouse spermatozoa was reduced, without affecting the fusion of these oolemmae with hamster spermatozoa. These data suggest that a protease-sensitive oolemma molecule is of critical importance for mouse sperm-oolemma fusion but not for hamster sperm-oolemma fusion.
|
['Animals', 'Cadherins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chondroitin Lyases', 'Cricetinae', 'Endopeptidases', 'Female', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Membrane Fusion', 'Mesocricetus', 'Mice', 'Ovum', 'Species Specificity', 'Sperm-Ovum Interactions', 'Trypsin']
| 8,081,812
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D08.811.520.241.700.350.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['E05.481'], ['G04.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['G16.824'], ['G08.686.784.277.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychological adjustment after cardiac transplantation.
|
Psychosocial function improves after cardiac transplantation but the extent of improvement is not established. Neither are the factors established that account for variability in function between patients following successful transplantation. We therefore compared illness-related dysfunction in patients following orthotopic cardiac transplantation (OCT) with that in angina-free patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and stable patients in heart failure awaiting transplantation (HF). We also measured two factors that might contribute to variation in function: emotional distress and concern with physical symptoms. Psychosocial function was as good in OCT as in CABG patients and, in both, was better than in HF patients. Differences in emotional distress and in physical symptoms showed a similar pattern and contributed to, but did not completely account for, differences in function. Concern with physical symptoms contributed to variability in functional impairment in HF but not CABG patients; transplantation strengthened this relationship. The results show that successful cardiac transplantation enhances psychosocial function to a level comparable with that after CABG, and suggest targets for psychological or educational intervention to improve quality of life after transplantation in patients whose recovery is inhibited by concern about physical symptoms.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Quality of Life', 'Regression Analysis', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,835,239
|
[['F01.058'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C14.280.434'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The role of dermorfin in regulating hibernation processes in mammals].
|
Administration of dermorphin (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) induced a drop of body temperature, deceleration of initial vegetative parameters and development of hibernation-like state in susliks. The delayed effects involved a disorder in conditioning. The immunisation of hibernating susliks with the dermorphin conjugate leads to a gradual waking up of the animals, normalising of conditioning in all the parameters and occurrence of a motor component in avoidance conditioning. A possible specific role of the dermorphin in the mechanisms of hibernation, is discussed.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Conditioning, Classical', 'Electric Stimulation', "Freund's Adjuvant", 'Glutaral', 'Hibernation', 'Higher Nervous Activity', 'Immunization', 'Oligopeptides', 'Opioid Peptides', 'Sciuridae', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Wakefulness']
| 1,334,852
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['F02.463.425.179.308'], ['E05.723.402'], ['D20.475'], ['D02.047.532'], ['G07.110.232.889.500', 'G07.410.421.889.500', 'G16.012.500.535.889.500'], ['F02.463.247', 'G11.561.398'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D12.644.400.575', 'D12.776.631.650.575'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.750'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Farm environment during infancy and lung function at the age of 31: a prospective birth cohort study in Finland.
|
OBJECTIVES: Farming as an occupation is considered a risk factor for asthma and reduced lung function. By contrast, living on a farm during infancy has been reported to be associated with lower risk of asthma in adulthood. However, little is known about the association between farming environment during infancy and lung function in adulthood. We aimed to study the prospective longitudinal association between farming environment during infancy and lung function in adulthood.DESIGN: A prospective birth cohort study.SETTING: Northern Finland.PARTICIPANTS: 5666 participants born in 1966 were followed up at the age of 31 years.PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Spirometry at the age of 31 years.RESULTS: To be born into a farmer's family was associated with higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (36 mL; 95% CI 6 to 67 mL) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (40 mL; 95% CI 5 to 75 mL) at the age of 31 years. Contact with farm animals during infancy was associated with higher FEV1. No associations were seen with FEV1/FVC (FEV1/FVC ratio). Having dogs in childhood revealed similar associations. There was a suggestive dose-dependent association with the number of animal species during childhood and higher FEV1 and FVC at adulthood, especially among women.CONCLUSIONS: Farming environment in early life may have a positive impact on lung function in adulthood.
|
['Adult', 'Agriculture', 'Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Asthma', 'Cats', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dogs', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Finland', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Pets', 'Prospective Studies', 'Protective Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Spirometry', 'Vital Capacity']
| 26,201,721
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['J01.040'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.050.116.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.582', 'N05.715.350.200.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.570', 'N06.850.490.625.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.582'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antimicrobial efficacy of a human â-defensin-3 peptide using an Enterococcus faecalis dentine infection model.
|
AIM: To assess the antibacterial efficacy of a human â-defensin-3 (HBD3) peptide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.METHODOLOGY: Standardized human dentine blocks were infected with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 for 3 weeks. Aqueous calcium hydroxide paste (n = 12, CH), a 2% chlorhexidine gel (n = 12, CHX), an HBD3 peptide gel (n = 12) and saline (n = 12) were tested as experimental groups. A mismatched peptide gel group (n = 12, MP) and sterilized but noninoculated block group (n = 12) were included as controls. After 1 week of medication, the dentinal samples at the depth of 200 and 400 ìm were collected from medicated canal lumens. Bacterial growth was assessed by spectrophotometric analysis of optical density (OD) after 72 h of incubation. Statistical analysis was performed with repeated-measures anova and Tukey's post hoc test.RESULTS: The HBD3 group was associated with significantly lower OD values (P < 0.05) than the CH or CHX groups at both depths. The CH group did not differ significantly from MP or Saline group at either depth (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the OD values of the inner (200 ìm) and outer (400 ìm) dentinal samples for any group.CONCLUSIONS: The HBD3 peptide inhibited the growth of E. faecalis biofilms in infected dentine blocks.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Biofilms', 'Calcium Hydroxide', 'Chlorhexidine', 'Dental Pulp Cavity', 'Dentin', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Materials Testing', 'Nephelometry and Turbidimetry', 'Root Canal Irrigants', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'beta-Defensins']
| 23,078,156
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D01.045.250.313', 'D01.146.335', 'D01.248.497.158.459.150'], ['D02.078.370.141.100'], ['A14.549.167.900.265'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['B03.353.750.250.250.280', 'B03.510.550.250.250.280'], ['C01.150.252.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['E05.570'], ['E05.196.712.650'], ['D25.800', 'D27.505.954.122.425.300.500', 'D27.720.274.300.500', 'J01.637.051.800'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.050.200.075', 'D12.776.543.695.054.200.075']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Impacted central incisors: factors affecting prognosis and treatment duration.
|
INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to assess the patient and treatment factors that influence the success rate and the duration of the orthodontic-surgical modality for impacted central incisors.METHODS: The records of 60 consecutively treated patients (64 impacted incisors) were retrospectively evaluated. The success rate and the duration of each stage of treatment were examined in relation to age, sex, etiology of impaction, location of the impacted tooth, and type of surgical exposure performed. Logistic regression analyses were applied.RESULTS: The group consisted of 26 male and 34 female subjects, 7.0 to 21.9 years old; 27 patients had impactions because of root dilaceration, 29 had impactions because of obstruction, and 4 had impactions with unknown causes. The overall success rate was 90.0%. Five of the 6 failures were dilacerated incisors. The average duration of treatment was 21.6 ± 8.7 months. The only factor that significantly increased the duration was the height of the impacted tooth. Dilaceration was related to a longer stage of traction and, in older patients (late mixed and full permanent dentition), to a longer finishing stage.CONCLUSIONS: The orthodontic-surgical treatment of impacted incisors is generally successful, but relatively long. Patients and parents should be warned of the risk of failure and the increased treatment duration, especially for dilacerated incisors impacted high in the alveolus.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Cephalometry', 'Child', 'Dentition, Mixed', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incisor', 'Male', 'Odontometry', 'Orthodontic Extrusion', 'Prognosis', 'Radiography, Panoramic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth Root', 'Tooth, Impacted', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 25,726,403
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A14.549.167.229'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A14.549.167.860.425'], ['E01.370.600.024.650', 'E05.041.650', 'E06.623'], ['E06.658.578.225'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.750', 'E06.342.764.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A14.549.167.900.750'], ['C07.793.905'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Marital/family developmental theory as a context for understanding and treating inhibited sexual desire.
|
In this article, the author offers a theoretically based, heuristic model for understanding the etiology and maintenance of inhibited sexual desire (ISD) within the context of a developing relationship system. Empirical studies of premarital relationship formation, progression and maintenance form the basis of this discussion. The interplay of intrapersonal and interactional dynamics is highlighted. Emphasis is placed upon understanding ISD according to social exchange formulations of premarital and marital behavior. Particular attention is given to the interactants' nonverbalized rules and implicitly held expectations for the sexual exchange process. Guidelines for assessment are offered and implications for intervention are drawn.
|
['Courtship', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Libido', 'Male', 'Marital Therapy', 'Marriage', 'Models, Psychological', 'Role', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Social Justice']
| 3,694,691
|
[['F01.145.802.279'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.739.794.511'], ['F04.754.864.581.136.500'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F01.829.316.616'], ['F03.835'], ['I01.880.604.473.700', 'K01.752.566.479.830.750', 'N03.706.437.700', 'N05.350.958.750']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bioenergetics and control of oxygen consumption in the in situ rat heart.
|
Control of respiration by products of ATP hydrolysis was examined in the in situ rat heart using a purpose-built nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coil. The in situ ratio of phosphocreatine to ATP concentrations ([PCr]/[ATP]) was 2.30 +/- 0.05, free Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]) was 0.57 mM, and cytosolic pH was 7.35 +/- 0.03 (n = 7). Basal inorganic phosphate concentration ([Pi]) was below NMR detection but was estimated to be 0.83 mM. The [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] ratio, free ADP concentration ([ADP]), and free energy of ATP hydrolyses (delta GATP) were calculated to be 700,000 +/- 78,000 M-1, 18 +/- 3 microM, and -63.93 +/- 0.33 kJ/mol in situ, respectively (n = 7). In contrast, in the Langendorff perfused rat heart [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] was only 76,140 +/- 12,830 M-1, [ADP] was 65 +/- 9 microM, and delta GATP was -59.92 +/- 0.48 kJ/mol (n = 7), all indicative of a lower energy state in vitro. Epinephrine infusion in situ (0.9 microgram.min-1.kg-1) increased the rate-pressure product 2.05-fold. During stimulation [ATP] was stable at 97 +/- 3% signal intensity, [PCr] declined by 25%, and [Pi] increased to 1.83 mM. Cytosolic pH was 7.27 +/- 0.01 and [Mg2+] was 0.64 +/- 0.05 mM. [PCr]/[ATP] declined to 1.83 +/- 0.13, and [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] fell to 108,000 +/- 15,000 M-1. delta GATP only fell marginally to -59.56 +/- 0.49 kJ/mol. Free [ADP] increased threefold to 55 +/- 10 microM. Infusion of 2.8 +/- 0.5 microgram.min-1.kg-1 epinephrine increased the rate-pressure product 2.7-fold, further reduced [ATP]/[ADP] [Pi] (5% of basal), and elevated [ADP] more than fourfold without changing [ATP]. We conclude that the in situ heart is highly energetic compared with isolated perfused hearts and operates at a different metabolic "set-point." Because free [ADP] and [Pi] in situ approximate apparent Michaelis constants for mitochondrial respiration in vitro and increase with increased cardiac work, we conclude that each fulfills the criteria for the kinetic control of O2 consumption in the in situ rat myocardium.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Animals', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Epinephrine', 'Heart', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Kinetics', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocardium', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Phosphorus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 8,092,272
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.295'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['A07.541'], ['E05.481'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['G03.680'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The sparse fur mouse as a model for gene therapy in ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency.
|
The sparse fur (spf/Y) mouse was evaluated as a model for studying gene therapy in ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency (OCTD), the most common inborn error of urea synthesis. Previous studies have defined a number of biochemical characteristics of this animal model that are analogous to the human disease: OCTD in liver, elevated ammonium and glutamine, low citrulline and arginine in plasma, elevated urinary orotic acid excretion, neurochemical alterations and responsiveness to alternative pathway therapy. In this study, metabolic flux, survival, behavior and learning of these animals were examined in preparation for a trial of gene therapy. We found that, as has been previously reported, OCT activity in liver ranged from 10 to 20% of control. Yet, stable isotope studies using 15N ammonium chloride to follow ureagenesis in vivo showed 55% of normal urea synthetic capacity. This suggests that partial correction with gene therapy may be sufficient to normalize urea synthesis. Although it has been suggested that liver OCTD and its consequent metabolic effects normalize without treatment by adulthood in the spf/Y mouse, we did not find this to be the case. We documented that the spf/Y mouse had a markedly decreased lifespan (< 10% of normal) and remained runted throughout life. In terms of behavior, the spf/Y mice had evidence of decreased learning in a passive avoidance task that was not attributable to alterations in activity. These clearly definable metabolic and behavioral abnormalities suggest that the spf/Y mouse should prove a useful model for studying the efficacy of gene therapy in OCTD.
|
['Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Amino Acids', 'Ammonia', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Hair', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase', 'Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease', 'Orotic Acid', 'Pregnancy']
| 8,750,014
|
[['C16.320.565.100', 'C18.452.648.100'], ['D12.125'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['E05.393.281'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G08.686.210'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['A17.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['D08.811.913.555.275.600'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.937.750', 'C16.320.322.828', 'C16.320.565.100.940.750', 'C16.320.565.189.937.750', 'C18.452.132.100.937.500', 'C18.452.648.100.940.500', 'C18.452.648.189.937.500'], ['D03.066.627', 'D03.383.742.698.875.660'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor in human colon cancer cell lines by interferon alpha.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The biology of growth factor receptor expression has implications for receptor specific cancer therapy. In this study, we examined: (a) regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in a panel of 10 human colon cancer cell lines using interferon alpha (IFN-alpha); (b) ability of IFN-alpha to inhibit cell proliferation; and (c) sensitivity of IFN-alpha pretreated cells to EGF.METHODS: Cell proliferation was measured both by crystal violet colorimetric and clonogenic assays. Cell surface, intracellular, and/or total cell protein expression of EGFR was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence flow cytometry and/or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-EGF binding and internalisation flow cytometric assay.RESULTS: IFN-alpha treatment upregulated expression of cell surface EGFR in seven of 10 colon cancer cell lines within 16 hours, reaching a peak within 48-96 hours; this was accompanied by transient elevation of intracellular EGFR and marked growth inhibition. IFN-alpha treated cancer cells were still sensitive to EGF proliferative stimulation.CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that cytostatic concentrations of IFN-alpha can enhance cell surface and intracellular EGFR expression in a proportion of human colon cancer cells. The antiproliferative action of IFN-alpha could not block the signal transduction of the EGF-EGFR pathway. This may have clinical implications for improving treatment based on targeting of EGFR.
|
['Cell Division', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Up-Regulation']
| 14,684,586
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.776.624'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Analysis of rational clinical uses of traditional Chinese medicine injections and factors influencing adverse drug reactions].
|
OBJECTIVE: To rationalize the clinical use and safety are some of the key issues in the surveillance of traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs).METHOD: In this 2011 study, 240 medical records of patients who had been discharged following treatment with TCMIs between 1 and 12 month previously were randomly selected from hospital records. Consistency between clinical use and the description of TCMIs was evaluated. Research on drug use and adverse drug reactions/events using logistic regression analysis was carried out.RESULT: There was poor consistency between clinical use and best practice advised in manuals on TCMIs. Over-dosage and overly concentrated administration of TCMIs occurred, with the outcome of modifying properties of the blood. Logistic regression analysis showed that, drug concentration was a valid predictor for both adverse drug reactions/events and benefits associated with TCMIs.CONCLUSION: Surveillance of rational clinical use and safety of TCMIs finds that clinical use should be consistent with technical drug manual specifications, and drug use should draw on multi-layered logistic regression analysis research to help avoid adverse drug reactions/events.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'China', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 24,471,313
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['C25.100'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Shift of graft-versus-host-disease target organ tropism by dietary vitamin A.
|
Gut-homing of donor T cells is causative for the development of intestinal GvHD in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Expression of the gut-specific homing receptors integrin-á4â7 and chemokine receptor CCR9 on T cells is imprinted in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) under the influence of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid. Here we addressed the role of vitamin A deficiency in HSCT-recipients for donor T cell migration in the course of experimental GvHD. Vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice were prepared by feeding them a vitamin A-depleted diet. Experiments were performed in a C57BL/6 into BALB/c model of acute GvHD. We found that expression of integrin-á4â7 and CCR9 in GALT was reduced in VAD recipients after HSCT. Competitive in vivo homing assays showed that allogeneic T cells primed in VAD mice did not home as efficiently to the intestine as T cells primed in mice fed with standard diet (STD). The course of GvHD was ameliorated in VAD HSCT-recipients and, consequently, their survival was prolonged compared to recipients receiving STD. However, VAD-recipients were not protected and died of clinical GvHD. We found reduced numbers of donor T cells in the intestine but increased cell counts and tissue damage in other organs of VAD-recipients. Furthermore, we observed high IFN-ã(+)CD4(+) and low FoxP3(+)CD4(+) frequencies of total donor CD4(+) T cells in VAD as compared to STD recipients. Taken together, these results indicate that dietary vitamin A deficiency in HSCT-recipients changed target organ tropism in GvHD but also resulted in fatal inflammation after HSCT.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Count', 'Diet', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Integrins', 'Intestines', 'Liver Diseases', 'Mice', 'Receptors, CCR', 'Survival Analysis', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin A Deficiency']
| 22,666,498
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G05.308'], ['C20.452'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['A03.556.124'], ['C06.552'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E04.936.864'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of cyantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, against Asian citrus psyllid under laboratory and field conditions.
|
BACKGROUND: The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is the most destructive pest of citrus in Florida. The development of insecticide resistance in several populations of D. citri has been documented. There is an urgent need to develop and integrate novel tools for the successful management of D. citri and also to prevent the development of insecticide resistance.RESULTS: The effects of a relatively newer chemistry, cyantraniliprole, against D. citri were investigated. The contact toxicity of cyantraniliprole was 297-fold higher against D. citri than its primary parasitoid, Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). D. citri settled and fed less on cyantraniliprole-treated plants than controls at concentrations as low as 0.025 and 0.125 µg AI mL⁻? respectively. D. citri egg production, first-instar emergence and adult emergence were significantly reduced on plants treated with 0.25, 0.02 and 0.25 µg AI mL⁻? of cyantraniliprole, respectively, when compared with control plants. Under field conditions, foliar and drench treatments with cyantraniliprole (1436.08 g ha⁻?) reduced numbers of D. citri adults and nymphs, as well as of a secondary pest, citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), more than a standard insecticide.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that cyantraniliprole should be a valuable new tool for rotation into D. citri management programs. For insecticide resistance management, cyantraniliprole may be particularly useful for rotation with neonicotinoids. In addition, cyantraniliprole was much less toxic to T. radiata than to D. citri and thus may have less impact on biological control than other currently used broad-spectrum insecticides, such as organophosphates and pyrethroids.
|
['Animals', 'Citrus', 'Diamide', 'Hemiptera', 'Insecticides', 'Isoxazoles', 'Plant Diseases', 'Pyrazoles', 'ortho-Aminobenzoates']
| 23,371,893
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177'], ['D02.172.300'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D03.383.129.385'], ['G15.610'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.400', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanism of action for N-substituted benzamide-induced apoptosis.
|
We have analysed the mechanism of action for induction of apoptosis by N-substituted benzamides using declopramide as a lead compound. We show here that declopramide at doses above 250 microM in the mouse 70Z/3 pre-B cell line or in the human promyeolocytic cancer cell line HL60 induced cytochrome c release into the cytosol and caspase-9 activation. The broad spectrum caspase inhibitor zVADfmk and caspase-9 inhibitor zLEDHfmk inhibited apoptosis and improved cell viability when administrated to cells 1 h before exposure to declopramide, whereas the caspase-8 inhibitor zIEDHfmk had less effect. Also, the over expression of Bcl-2 by transfection in 70Z/3 cells inhibited declopramide-induced apoptosis. Prior to the induction of apoptosis, a G(2)/M cell cycle block was induced by declopramide. The cell cycle block was also observed in the presence of broad spectrum caspase inhibitor zVADfmk and in a transfectant expressing high levels of Bcl-2. Furthermore, while p53 was induced in 70Z/3 cells by declopramide, neither the apoptotic mechanism nor the G(2)/M cell cycle block were dependent on p53 activation since both effects were also seen in p53 deficient HL60 cells after addition of declopramide.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Benzamides', 'Caspase 9', 'Caspases', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'Enzyme Activation', 'G2 Phase', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'Metoclopramide', 'Mitosis', 'Procainamide', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 11,953,831
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D02.065.277', 'D02.241.223.100.100', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.550.900', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.550.900', 'D12.644.360.024.131.155', 'D12.644.360.075.358.155', 'D12.644.360.075.405.550.900', 'D12.776.157.057.006.155', 'D12.776.476.024.139.155', 'D12.776.476.075.358.155', 'D12.776.476.075.405.550.900'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G04.144.500.340'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.573', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.647', 'D02.241.223.100.100.510', 'D02.241.223.100.200.750', 'D02.241.223.100.300.350.625', 'D02.241.511.390.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.647', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.510', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.250.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.350.625', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.638.625'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['D02.065.277.650', 'D02.241.223.100.050.500.875', 'D02.241.223.100.100.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.875', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.650'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human metapneumovirus SH and G glycoproteins inhibit macropinocytosis-mediated entry into human dendritic cells and reduce CD4+ T cell activation.
|
UNLABELLED: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major etiologic agent of respiratory disease worldwide. HMPV reinfections are common in healthy adults and children, suggesting that the protective immune response to HMPV is incomplete and short-lived. We used gene-deletion viruses to evaluate the role of the attachment G and small hydrophobic SH glycoproteins on virus uptake by primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC) in vitro and on subsequent MDDC maturation and activation of autologous T cells. HMPV with deletion of G and SH (ÄSHG) exhibited increased infectivity but had little effect on MDDC maturation. However, MDDC stimulated with ÄSHG induced increased proliferation of autologous Th1-polarized CD4(+) T cells. This effect was independent of virus replication. Increased T cell proliferation was strictly dependent on contact between virus-stimulated MDDC and CD4(+) T cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that deletion of SH and G was associated with an increased number of immunological synapses between memory CD4(+) T cells and virus-stimulated MDDC. Uptake of HMPV by MDDC was found to be primarily by macropinocytosis. Uptake of wild-type (WT) virus was reduced compared to that of ÄSHG, indicative of inhibition by the SH and G glycoproteins. In addition, DC-SIGN-mediated endocytosis provided a minor alternative pathway that depended on SH and/or G and thus operated only for WT. Altogether, our results show that SH and G glycoproteins reduce the ability of HMPV to be internalized by MDDC, resulting in a reduced ability of the HMPV-stimulated MDDC to activate CD4(+) T cells. This study describes a previously unknown mechanism of virus immune evasion.IMPORTANCE: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major etiologic agent of respiratory disease worldwide. HMPV reinfections are common in healthy adults and children, suggesting that the protective immune response to HMPV is incomplete and short-lived. We found that HMPV attachment G and small hydrophobic SH glycoproteins reduce the ability of HMPV to be internalized by macropinocytosis into human dendritic cells (DC). This results in a reduced ability of the HMPV-stimulated DC to activate Th1-polarized CD4(+) T cells. These results contribute to a better understanding of the nature of incomplete protection against this important human respiratory virus, provide new information on the entry of HMPV into human cells, and describe a new mechanism of virus immune evasion.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immune Evasion', 'Immunological Synapses', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Metapneumovirus', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Pinocytosis', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Internalization']
| 24,672,038
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.462.400', 'G12.413', 'G16.527.200.700'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.548', 'A15.382.370'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.670.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G04.417.370'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.624.664.520.750', 'D12.776.964.700.750', 'D12.776.964.775.750'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.881']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mapping the Drivers of Climate Change Vulnerability for Australia's Threatened Species.
|
Effective conservation management for climate adaptation rests on understanding the factors driving species' vulnerability in a spatially explicit manner so as to direct on-ground action. However, there have been only few attempts to map the spatial distribution of the factors driving vulnerability to climate change. Here we conduct a species-level assessment of climate change vulnerability for a sample of Australia's threatened species and map the distribution of species affected by each factor driving climate change vulnerability across the continent. Almost half of the threatened species assessed were considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change: amphibians being the most vulnerable group, followed by plants, reptiles, mammals and birds. Species with more restricted distributions were more likely to show high climate change vulnerability than widespread species. The main factors driving climate change vulnerability were low genetic variation, dependence on a particular disturbance regime and reliance on a particular moisture regime or habitat. The geographic distribution of the species impacted by each driver varies markedly across the continent, for example species impacted by low genetic variation are prevalent across the human-dominated south-east of the country, while reliance on particular moisture regimes is prevalent across northern Australia. Our results show that actions to address climate adaptation will need to be spatially appropriate, and that in some regions a complex suite of factors driving climate change vulnerability will need to be addressed. Taxonomic and geographic variation in the factors driving climate change vulnerability highlights an urgent need for a spatial prioritisation of climate adaptation actions for threatened species.
|
['Amphibians', 'Animals', 'Australia', 'Birds', 'Climate Change', 'Ecosystem', 'Endangered Species', 'Mammals']
| 26,017,785
|
[['B01.050.150.900.090'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Superoxide perturbation of the organization of vascular endothelial cell membranes.
|
Cultured porcine thoracic aorta endothelial cells were covalently labeled with 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry revealed two major binding environments representing strongly and weakly immobilized species. The disorder parameter of weak/strong, determined from the respective peak amplitudes, was irreversibly elevated following incubation of endothelial cells with a superoxide-generating system, indicating increased membrane fluidity. The rate of increase in membrane disorder was dependent upon superoxide generation rates. Incorporation of the spin-label at concentrations less than 250 microM had no effect on cell viability. The cellular proteins reacting with the spin-label were predominantly membrane proteins, characterized by immunoblotting using a rabbit anti-4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxyl IgG, following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophorectic transfer to nitrocellulose.
|
['Affinity Labels', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Cyclic N-Oxides', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endothelium', 'Immunosorbent Techniques', 'Membrane Fluidity', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Rabbits', 'Superoxides', 'Swine']
| 3,009,461
|
[['D27.720.470.410.080'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.372'], ['D03.661.243'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A10.272.491'], ['E05.478.566.380', 'E05.601.470.380'], ['G01.154.500', 'G02.111.550', 'G04.570'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Internet-based interventions for cancer-related distress: exploring the experiences of those whose needs are not met.
|
OBJECTIVE: Low levels of engagement in Internet-based interventions are common. Understanding users' experiences with these interventions is a key to improving efficacy. Although qualitative methods are well-suited for this purpose, few qualitative studies have been conducted in this area. In the present study, we assessed experiences with an Internet-based intervention among cancer survivors who made minimal use of the intervention.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 cancer survivors who were minimally engaged (i.e., spent around 1 h total on website) with the online intervention, health-space.net. The intervention was a 12-week, facilitated support group with social and informational components. Interviews were analyzed using an interpretive descriptive design.RESULTS: Three broad categories, consisting of 18 specific themes, were identified from the interviews, which included connecting with similar others, individual expectations, and problems with the site (Ê = 0.88). The 'similar others' category reflected the significance of interacting with relatable survivors (i.e., same cancer type), the 'individual expectations' category reflected the significance of participants' expectations about using online interventions (i.e., personally relevant information), and the 'problems with the site' category reflected the significance of study procedures (i.e., website structure).CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that minimally engaged participants have high variability regarding their needs and preferences for Internet-based interventions. Using qualitative methodologies to identify and incorporate these needs into the next generation of interventions has the potential to increase engagement and outcomes. The current study provides a foundation for future research to characterize survivors' needs and offer suggestions for better meeting these needs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Qualitative Research', 'Self-Help Groups', 'Social Support', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 24,243,756
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['C04'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N03.540.782'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unemployment under the flex job scheme increases the risk of permanent social security benefits.
|
INTRODUCTION: In Denmark, a flex job scheme was introduced in 1998 in the expectation that more people could remain in the workforce despite a reduced working capacity. The aim of this study was to characterise the group that did not obtain a flex job after having been included in the flex job scheme.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Persons included in the flex job scheme from 1 January 2001 to 30 March 2008 were identified via the Ministry of Employment's DREAM register. Data were linked to Statistics Denmark and The Danish National Patient Registry. Among the individuals who did not obtain employment in a flex job within the first three months, we identified those who did not obtain employment before they were transferred to disability pension or flex benefit.RESULTS: A total of 74,277 persons were included in the flex job scheme. Among these persons 33% received unemployment benefit for more than three months and the rest obtained a flex job within the first three months. Overall, 23% of the unemployment benefit recipients never entered the labour market, but were awarded early retirement pension or flex benefit. This percentage varied among different socio-demographic variables and regions.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that attention should be paid to the flex job scheme, especially for those who do not obtain employment within the first three months.FUNDING: not relevant.TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.
|
['Denmark', 'Humans', 'Social Security', 'Unemployment']
| 24,814,586
|
[['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.849', 'N03.219.521.576.823'], ['N01.824.245.850']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Shared relationship analysis: ranking set cohesion and commonalities within a literature-derived relationship network.
|
MOTIVATION: There is a general scientific need to be able to identify and evaluate what any given set of 'objects' (e.g. genes, phenotypes, chemicals, diseases) has in common. Whether it is to classify, expand upon or identify commonalities and functional groupings, informational needs can be diverse and the best source to identify relationships among a potentially heterogeneous set of objects is the scientific literature.RESULTS: We first establish a network of related objects by their co-occurrence within MEDLINE records. A set of objects within this network can then be queried to identify shared relationships, and a method is presented to score their statistical relevance by comparing observed frequencies with what would be expected in a random network model. Using Gene Ontology (GO) categories, we demonstrate that this method enables a quantitative ranking of the 'cohesiveness' of a set of objects and, importantly, allows other objects related to this set to be identified and evaluated for their 'cohesion' to it. Supplemental information: A list of ranked genes related to each GO category analyzed can be found at http://innovation.swmed.edu/IRIDESCENT/GO_relationships.htm
|
['Abstracting and Indexing', 'Algorithms', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Database Management Systems', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'MEDLINE', 'Natural Language Processing', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Periodicals as Topic', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 14,734,310
|
[['L01.453.245.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['L01.224.068', 'L01.224.900.280', 'N04.452.515.110'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.710.500', 'L01.313.500.750.280.750.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.300.650.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.710.500', 'L01.313.500.750.300.742.650.500', 'L01.470.750.500.650.500'], ['L01.224.050.375.580'], ['L01.399.750'], ['L01.178.682.829.678'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of a proton-chloride antiporter (EriC) by Himar1 transposon mutagenesis in Lactobacillus reuteri and its role in histamine production.
|
The gut microbiome may modulate intestinal immunity by luminal conversion of dietary amino acids to biologically active signals. The model probiotic organism Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 is indigenous to the human microbiome, and converts the amino acid L-histidine to the biogenic amine, histamine. Histamine suppresses tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by human myeloid cells and is a product of L-histidine decarboxylation, which is a proton-facilitated reaction. A transposon mutagenesis strategy was developed based on a single-plasmid nisin-inducible Himar1 transposase/transposon delivery system for L. reuteri. A highly conserved proton-chloride antiporter gene (eriC), a gene widely present in the gut microbiome was discovered by Himar1 transposon (Tn)-mutagenesis presented in this study. Genetic inactivation of eriC by transposon insertion and genetic recombineering resulted in reduced ability of L. reuteri to inhibit TNF production by activated human myeloid cells, diminished histamine production by the bacteria and downregulated expression of histidine decarboxylase cluster genes compared to those of WT 6475. EriC belongs to a large family of ion transporters that includes chloride channels and proton-chloride antiporters and may facilitate the availability of protons for the decarboxylation reaction, resulting in histamine production by L. reuteri. This report leverages the tools of bacterial genetics for probiotic gene discovery. The findings highlight the widely conserved nature of ion transporters in bacteria and how ion transporters are coupled with amino acid decarboxylation and contribute to microbiome-mediated immunomodulation.
|
['Antiporters', 'Biological Transport', 'Chlorides', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Gene Order', 'Gene Silencing', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Histamine', 'Histidine Decarboxylase', 'Lactobacillus reuteri', 'Multigene Family', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Probiotics', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protons', 'Tumor Necrosis Factors']
| 24,488,273
|
[['D12.776.157.530.450.162', 'D12.776.543.550.190', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.340'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['G05.360.337'], ['D02.092.211.215.501', 'D02.092.471.440', 'D03.383.129.308.373', 'D23.469.050.300'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.300'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.680', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.680', 'B03.510.550.450.475.680'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.558'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.750', 'D12.776.467.374.750', 'D23.529.374.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Morphological studies of the pineal gland in the common gull (Larus canus) reveal uncommon features of pinealocytes.
|
The avian pineal is a directly photosensory organ taking part in the organization of the circadian and seasonal rhythms. It plays an important role in regulation of many behavior and physiological phenomena including migration. The aim of the study was to investigate morphology of the pineal organ in the common gull (Larus canus). The light and electron microscopic studies were performed on the pineals of juvenile birds living in natural conditions of the Baltic Sea coast, which have been untreatably injured during strong storms in autumn and qualified for euthanasia. The investigated pineals consisted of a wide, triangular, superficially localized distal part and a narrow, elongated proximal part, attached via the choroid plexus to the intercommissural region of the diencephalon. The accessory pineal tissue was localized caudally to the choroid plexus. Based on the histological criteria, the organ was classified as the solid-follicular type. Two types of cells of fotoreceptory line were distinguished: rudimentary-receptor pinealocytes and secretory pinealocytes. Both types of cells were characterized by unusual features, which have been not previously described in avian pinealocytes: the presence of paracrystalline structures in the basal processes and their endings, the storage of glycogen in the form of large accumulations and the arrangement of mitochondria in clusters. Further studies on other species of wild water birds dwelling in condition of cold seas are necessary to explain if the described features of pinealocytes are specific for genus Larus, family Laridae or a larger group of water birds living in similar environmental conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Charadriiformes', 'Environment', 'Pineal Gland', 'Species Specificity']
| 22,262,668
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.150'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['A06.300.635', 'A06.688.733', 'A08.186.211.180.200.680', 'A08.186.211.200.317.200.620', 'A08.713.733'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Body composition and bone mineral density in women with Cushing's syndrome in remission and the association with common genetic variants influencing glucocorticoid sensitivity.
|
OBJECTIVE: Adverse body compositional features and low bone mineral density (BMD) are the characteristic of patients with active Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and BMD in women with CS in long-term remission and the influence of polymorphisms in genes affecting glucocorticoid (GC) sensitivity on these end-points.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, case-controlled study, including 50 women previously treated for CS and 50 age and gender-matched controls. Median (interquartile range) remission time was 13 (5-19) years. Body composition and BMD were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Five polymorphisms in four genes associated with GC sensitivity were analysed using TaqMan or Sequenom single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping.RESULTS: Patients with CS in remission had increased abdominal fat mass (P<0.01), whereas BMD was not significantly different at any site between patients and controls. In patients, the NR3C1 Bcl1 polymorphism was associated with reduced total (P<0.05) and femur neck BMD (P<0.05). The polymorphism rs1045642 in the ABCB1 gene was associated with increased abdominal fat mass (P<0.05) and decreased appendicular skeletal muscle mass (P<0.05). GC replacement was associated with reduced total BMD (P<0.01), BMD at lumbar spine (P<0.05) and increased abdominal fat (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Ongoing GC replacement therapy together with polymorphisms in two genes related with GC sensitivity is associated with abdominal obesity and adverse skeletal health in patients with CS in long-term remission.
|
['Body Composition', 'Bone Density', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Variation', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Remission Induction']
| 25,422,351
|
[['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C19.053.800.367'], ['G05.330'], ['E05.393.385'], ['G05.365'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Changes in cervical canal spinal volume during in vitro flexion-extension.
|
STUDY DESIGN: Quasistatic flexion and extension loads were applied in vitro to lower cervical spines. The flexion-extension motion produced was checked for physiologic relevance.OBJECTIVES: To examine the changes in the volume of the cervical spinal canal in flexion-extension motion.SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Many papers have been published concerning the cervical canal volume as inferred from standard lateral radiographs. This study compares the inferred (radiographic) volumes and their changes to the physical changes within the spinal canal.METHODS: The lower cervical spines (C2-C7) from 10 cadavers were subject to stepwise flexion and extension in a purpose-built rig. Before this testing, the spinal cord was removed from the canal space of each specimen and replaced by a thin latex tube stoppered and secured at the opening of the canal (at C2) so that the volume of liquid displaced from the tube could be measured. This was done at each loading stage by means of a graduated glass column, and a radiograph of the spine was also taken to allow angular and displacement readings to be taken from C2 to C7.RESULTS: The average recorded change in volume of the spinal canal with flexion-extension motion was 1.9 ml, and showed a significant linear correlation with the dynamic canal width (r = 0.868, P < 0.05) and also with the total angle of flexion or extension (r = 0.979, P < 0.005). The volume of liquid displaced from the canal in lateral bending was much lower than that in flexion-extension motion, and only amounted to about 0.2 ml. The angular ranges of motion produced at each level were compared to previous results obtained in vivo, and no significant differences between the angular displacements found in vivo and in vitro under this experimental arrangement were seen.CONCLUSIONS: The loading regime described in this study causes angular displacements similar to those in vivo, and on this basis is a physiologically relevant loading pattern. The change in the volume of the spinal canal between C2 and C7 shows linear relationships with the angle of flexion and the dynamic canal width.
|
['Adult', 'Cadaver', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion', 'Neck', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Spinal Canal']
| 8,725,922
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.482'], ['A01.598'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['A02.835.232.834.803']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Prevalence of urodynamic anomalies in women with recurrent urinary tract infection].
|
OBJECTIVES: To check the urodynamic data in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection in order to demonstrate a cause justifying them.METHODS: We performed a transverse comparative study in a series of 114 women, with a mean age of 51.9 yr. (typical deviation: 23.5 yr.), divided into groups of 57 women each: group I with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and group II without recurrent urinary tract infection (no UTI). Patients underwent history, physical examination, and video-urodynamic study. All data were collected in an Access database and subsequently imported to the SPSS statistical analysis software. Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi-square, and Student's t-test were applied. ROC curve was calculated. A logistic regression multivalue model was elaborated.RESULTS: significant differences were only found in the values of maximum voiding flow (lower in the UTI group), post void residual volume (greater in the UTI group), and pressure of the involuntary detrusor contraction (lower in the UTI group). Nevertheless, post void residual was the only independent variable, becoming the other two dependent variables. The ideal cut point between post void residual and urinary tract infection was 48.5 ml. The determination coefficient for the model was 0.13. No significant relationships were found between urinary tract infection and, among others, presence and degree of cystocele, detrusor hyperactivity, and stress urinary incontinence.CONCLUSIONS: Postvoid residual would explain 13% of the recurrent urinary tract infection in women. The remainder would be secondary to other factors not included in the model.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Recurrence', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Urodynamics']
| 18,273,975
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['G08.852.898']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Medication information management: capturing multiprofessional perspective.
|
Medication information management (MIM) is a crucial activity for good quality of medication, but unfortunately not without problems. In order to improve medication information management the core activity of medication as a cooperative activity is to be studied as a whole, and the multiprofessional viewpoint for the improvement needs must be captured. In this paper we present our approach to gain such shared understanding, based on our regional development project experiences in Northern Savonia, Finland. The central features of the approach include thematic interviews supported by activity-driven models and a workshop with professionally mixed groups. Participants agreed strongly on the usefulness of the approach.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems', 'Electronic Prescribing', 'Finland', 'Health Information Management', 'Interdisciplinary Communication', 'Medical Order Entry Systems', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Medication Systems, Hospital', 'Needs Assessment']
| 25,160,265
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N02.421.668.320.200', 'N04.452.515.095'], ['N02.421.668.778.750'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['L01.399.500'], ['F01.829.401.205.249', 'L01.143.865.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.695.600', 'N04.452.442.452.452.500', 'N04.452.515.360.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.500'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['N04.452.442.452.675', 'N04.452.528.473'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A noninvasive procedure to detect muscle weakness in the mdx mouse.
|
The forward pulling tension exerted by individual mice was measured nearly isometrically in a simple apparatus designed to determine whole body tension (WBT). WBT determinations on control (C57Bl10/SnJ) and experimental (C57Bl10-mdx) mice indicate a muscle weakness which lasts throughout the lifespan of mdx mice. Direct muscle stimulation experiments in vivo also showed significant decreases in peak twitch and tetanic tensions in adult mdx muscle with no obvious alterations in twitch time course or in twitch: tetanus ratios. We suggest that the noninvasive WBT procedure may be used to partially assess various therapies on this murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Tonus', 'Muscles', 'Muscular Dystrophy, Animal']
| 2,366,821
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.565'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['C22.595']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Metagenome and mRNA expression analyses of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea of the ANME-1 group.
|
Microbial consortia mediating the anaerobic oxidation of methane with sulfate are composed of methanotrophic Archaea (ANME) and Bacteria related to sulfate-reducing Deltaproteobacteria. Cultured representatives are not available for any of the three ANME clades. Therefore, a metagenomic approach was applied to assess the genetic potential of ANME-1 archaea. In total, 3.4 Mbp sequence information was generated based on metagenomic fosmid libraries constructed directly from a methanotrophic microbial mat in the Black Sea. These sequence data represent, in 30 contigs, about 82-90% of a composite ANME-1 genome. The dataset supports the hypothesis of a reversal of the methanogenesis pathway. Indications for an assimilatory, but not for a dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway in ANME-1, were found. Draft genome and expression analyses are consistent with acetate and formate as putative electron shuttles. Moreover, the dataset points towards downstream electron-accepting redox components different from the ones known from methanogenic archaea. Whereas catalytic subunits of [NiFe]-hydrogenases are lacking in the dataset, genes for an [FeFe]-hydrogenase homologue were identified, not yet described to be present in methanogenic archaea. Clustered genes annotated as secreted multiheme c-type cytochromes were identified, which have not yet been correlated with methanogenesis-related steps. The genes were shown to be expressed, suggesting direct electron transfer as an additional possible mode to shuttle electrons from ANME-1 to the bacterial sulfate-reducing partner.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cytochromes c', 'Euryarchaeota', 'Hydrogenase', 'Iron-Sulfur Proteins', 'Metagenome', 'Metagenomics', 'Methane', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oceans and Seas', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 19,878,267
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.244.286.100', 'D12.776.422.220.286.100'], ['B02.200'], ['D08.811.682.400'], ['D12.776.157.427.374.375', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375'], ['G05.360.340.550'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['D02.455.326.146.571'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G01.311.625', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650', 'Z01.756'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Risk factor analysis for postoperative urinary retention after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
|
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) may not be considered a major complication after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, improper management of transient POUR leads to bladder overdistension and permanent bladder detrusor damage. Systematic monitoring of POUR may be recommended in vulnerable patients.PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for POUR.STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This is a retrospective nested case-control study.PATIENT SAMPLE: A total of 284 consecutive patients (M : F=125:159; mean age, 63.3 years) who underwent spine surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were reviewed.OUTCOME MEASURES: A multivariable logistic model was utilized to identify risk factors.METHODS: A systematic postoperative voiding care protocol was applied for all patients to monitor them for the development of POUR. An indwelling urethral catheter was inserted intraoperatively and removed in the postanesthesia care unit. The patients were encouraged to void within 6 hours postoperatively and every 4-6 hours thereafter. After each voiding, the postvoid residual urine (PVR) was measured by an ultrasound bladder scan. POUR was defined as the inability to void or having a PVR?100 mL for more than 2 days after surgery.RESULTS: The incidence of POUR was 27.1% (77/284). Older age (odds ratio, 1.062; 95% confidence interval, 1.029-1.095) and a long duration of surgery (odds ratio, 1.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.005) were significant risk factors. A formula for determining the probability of POUR was developed, and a probability of ?0.26 was regarded as the cut-off value (sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.57; C-statics, 0.684).CONCLUSION: POUR was a common morbidity after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. We recommend adopting a systematic postoperative voiding care protocol to prevent bladder overdistension and detrusor damage, especially for elderly patients and those who have undergone longer surgeries.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Spinal Stenosis', 'Urinary Retention']
| 27,012,647
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C05.116.900.825'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time can be performed on the first tube.
|
The current practice standard for coagulation studies on venous blood specifies the use of the second (or subsequent) tube for testing. Unless other tests are ordered, the first tube is discarded. This practice, derived from early experience using nondisposable materials, gained support from a report based on modern phlebotomy methods but inexperienced phlebotomists. For our study, paired blood specimens were collected by experienced phlebotomists from 175 outpatients whose physicians had ordered coagulation tests. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were performed on the first and second tubes. Similar values were obtained for PT and APTT. (PT: n = 174; mean = 15.36 seconds; mean difference = 0.10 seconds; y = 1.02x - 0.28; t = 0.24; P>.81; r = 0.995; APTT: n = 160; mean = 38.25 seconds; mean difference = 0.48 seconds; y = 1.03x - 0.71; t = 0.25; P=.80; r = 0.993.) For coagulation tests on specimens collected by experienced phlebotomists, the first tube yields accurate results and need not be discarded.
|
['Blood Coagulation Tests', 'Humans', 'Partial Thromboplastin Time', 'Phlebotomy', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 9,169,665
|
[['E01.370.225.625.115', 'E05.200.625.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.600', 'E05.200.625.115.600', 'G09.188.660'], ['E01.370.225.998.110.625', 'E02.800.558', 'E04.665.150.625', 'E05.200.998.110.625'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of traditional processing of cassava on the cyanide content of gari and cassava flour.
|
Detoxification of cassava cultivars (30572 TMS and 30555 TMS) during their traditional methods of processing to produce gari and cassava flour has been investigated. The HCN quantitative determination was done using the enzymatic assay. Fermentation of cassava pulp for 96 hours during cassava processing for gari reduced the HCN by 22 ppm (52.4 percent) and 20 ppm (57.3 percent) for 30572 TMS and 30555 TMS respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the HCN content of the two cultivars. Soaking of the sliced cassava tissue for 24 hours in cassava flour production prior to sundrying resulted in 16 ppm (38.1 percent) and 15 ppm (38.4 percent) HCN reduction for 30572 TMS and 30555 TMS respectively. HCN loss during sundrying was 6 ppm (14.3 percent) and 5 ppm (12.8 percent) for the two cultivars. There was significantly (P < 0.05) higher HCN loss in processing of gari than cassava flour. The residual cyanide in gari was 12 ppm for 30572 TMS and 10 ppm for 30555 TMS and that in the flour was 20 ppm for 30572 and 19 ppm for 30555 TMS.
|
['Fermentation', 'Flour', 'Food Handling', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Cyanide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Manihot', 'Nigeria']
| 8,882,371
|
[['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.330', 'D01.625.400'], ['G02.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.535'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Community-phenotype-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a retrospective chart review of outcomes after treatment with daptomycin.
|
BACKGROUND: Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2003 for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections due to susceptible strains of certain gram-positive microorganisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In May 2006, daptomycin was approved by the FDA for treatment of bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis due to MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S aureus.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the use of daptomycin in community-phenotype (CP)-MRSA infections.METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of data from patients enrolled in a postlabeling registry who received daptomycin for MRSA infections from January to December 2005. CP-MRSA was defined as MRSA susceptible to clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; all other phenotypes were considered other-phenotype MRSA (OP-MRSA). Success rates were calculated by dividing success (defined as cure plus improved) by success and failure (including non-evaluable patients).RESULTS: A database search identified 352 patients (100 patients with CP-MRSA [57 men; 43 women]; 252 patients with OP-MRSA [136 men, 116 women]) who met study criteria. Most patients (79.2%) received gram-positive antibiotics before daptomycin. Compared with OP-MRSA, a greater proportion of patients with CP-MRSA were <50 years of age (50.0% vs 35.7%; P = 0.014) and had fewer underlying diseases (mean [SD], 1.7 [1.3] vs 2.5 [1.5]; P < 0.001). Success rate, time to clinical response, and duration of therapy were similar in both groups.CONCLUSION: Daptomycin was found to be equally effective in treating CP-MRSA and OP-MRSA infections in this selected group of patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Daptomycin', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Treatment Failure', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 18,158,084
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['C01.234'], ['D04.345.566.270', 'D10.477.500', 'D12.644.365.500', 'D12.644.641.270'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diverticulitis in women: an unappreciated clinical presentation.
|
A final diagnosis of diverticulosis or diverticulitis was made in 1,031 women over a 10 year period. The 69 patients who underwent abdominal operation for what proved to be diverticulitis are discussed in detail. Thirty-eight per cent of these women were believed to have gynecologic disease because of the presence of a pelvic mass. Diverticulitis is an important differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass with or without clinical and laboratory indications of infection and with or without history of diverticulosis or diverticulitis. The increasing awareness of ovarian carcinoma and its ominous prognosis make this differential diagnosis especially important. Diverticular disease should always be considered among such patients and preparations made to allow optimal treatment at that operation, whatever the ultimate cause of the mass.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Diverticulitis, Colonic', 'Diverticulum, Colon', 'Female', 'Genital Diseases, Female', 'Humans', 'Kentucky', 'Middle Aged']
| 843,136
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['C06.405.205.282.500.250', 'C06.405.469.158.587.500'], ['C06.405.205.282.750.500', 'C23.300.415.500'], ['C13.351.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.400', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Mechanomyographic amplitude and mean power output during maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions.
|
The purpose of this study was to determine the velocity-related patterns for mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, mean power output (MP), and peak torque (PT) of the superficial muscles of the quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis [VL], rectus femoris [RF], and vastus medialis [VM]) during maximal, concentric, isokinetic leg extensions. Twelve adult women (mean +/- SD: 22 +/- 3 years of age) performed such leg extensions at velocities of 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees /s on a Cybex 6000 dynamometer. PT decreased (P < 0.05) across velocity to 240 degrees /s. MP and MMG amplitude for each muscle (VL, RF, and VM) increased (P < 0.05) with velocity to 240 degrees /s and then plateaued. EMG amplitude increased (P < 0.05) to 240°/s for the VL, remained unchanged across velocity (P > 0.05) for the RF, and increased (P < 0.05) to 300 degrees /s for the VM. The results indicated close similarities between the velocity-related patterns for MMG amplitude and MP, but dissociations among EMG amplitude, MMG amplitude, and PT. These findings support the recent hypothesis that MMG amplitude is more closely related to MP than PT during maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions and, therefore, may be useful for monitoring training-induced changes in muscle power.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Calibration', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Physiology', 'Regression Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 11,102,905
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.978.155'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['H01.158.782'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Deciding on PSA-screening - Quality of current consumer information on the Internet.
|
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Given that screening for prostate cancer has the potential to reduce prostate cancer mortality at the expense of considerable overdiagnosis and overtreatment, the availability of core consumer information - correct, balanced and supportive of autonomous decision-making - is a must. We assessed the quality of consumer information available through the Internet per November 2009 and its possible contribution to informed decision-making by potential screenees.METHODS: Consumer information on PSA-screening was sought through the Internet in November 2009. Materials had to be targeted at potential consumers, offered by not-for-profit organisations, released in 2005 or after, in English or Dutch. Per material 2 of the authors assessed independently from each other whether standardised pre-defined topics were addressed, whether the content was correct and which approach was taken towards the decision-making process about uptake.RESULTS: Twenty-three materials were included, of which 11 were released (shortly) after the results of 2 large randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of screening for prostate cancer had been published in March 2009. That a PSA-test result can be abnormal because of non-cancerous conditions (false positive) and that it may miss prostate cancer (false negative) was not addressed in 2/23 and 8/23 materials, respectively. The risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment was not mentioned in 6 out of 23. PSA-screening was presented as a usual thing to do in some materials, whereas other materials emphasised the voluntary nature of PSA-screening ('it is your decision'). The content of 19/23 materials was considered sufficiently informative according to the pre-defined criteria, 12/23 materials were considered supportive of informed decision-making by men.CONCLUSIONS: Most materials of not-for-profit organizations supplied adequate information about PSA-screening, whilst the degree of persuasion towards uptake reflected variations in opinions on men's autonomy regarding their own health.
|
['Decision Making', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Quality of Health Care']
| 21,047,589
|
[['F02.463.785.373'], ['E01.390.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.750', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.750', 'D12.776.866.249.500', 'D23.050.285.625', 'D23.101.140.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluating the potential bioactivity of a novel compound ER1626.
|
BACKGROUND: ER1626, a novel compound, is a derivate of indeno-isoquinoline ketone. This study was designed to evaluate the biological activity and potential anti-tumor mechanism of ER1626.METHOD: MTT assay, scratch assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell proliferation, cell migration and cell cycle distribution as well as cell apoptosis on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. We also explored the antiangiogenic effect of ER1626 on HUVEC cells and chicken embryos. The expression of estrogen receptor protein was investigated with western-blot analysis.RESULTS: ER1626 down-regulated the expression of estrogen receptor á protein and up-regulated â protein in MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells. The value of IC50 of ER1626 on MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells were respectively 8.52 and 3.08 µmol/L. Meanwhile, ER1626 decreased VEGF secretion of MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells, disturbed the formation of VEGF-stimulated tubular structure in HUVEC cells, and inhibited the angiogenesis on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. Scratch assay revealed that ER1626 suppressed the migration of MCF-7, Ishikawa and HUVEC cells. In addition to induction tumor cell apoptosis, ER1626 arrested cell cycle in G1/G0 phase in MCF-7 cells and G2/M phase in Ishikawa cells.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ER1626 has favorable bioactivities to be a potential candidate against breast cancer and angiogenesis.
|
['Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chick Embryo', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Indenes', 'Isoquinolines', 'Ketones', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quinolones', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles']
| 24,475,135
|
[['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486', 'D04.615.486'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['D02.522'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D03.383.129.617.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hemifacial microsomia associated with congenital partial gigantism.
|
The 14-year-old son of consanguineous parents is reported, who had hemifacial microsomia and partial gigantism. The association of these anomalies suggests that both are congenital segmental defects, and that this association represents a new syndrome.
|
['Adolescent', 'Ear', 'Fingers', 'Gigantism', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Syndrome']
| 6,653,913
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A01.456.313', 'A09.246'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['C05.116.099.492', 'C05.116.132.479', 'C19.700.355.528'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Digital atomic force microscope moir? method.
|
In this study, a novel digital atomic force microscope (AFM) moir? method is established to measure the displacement and strain fields. The moir? pattern is generated by the interference between the specimen grating and the virtual reference grating formed by digital image processes. The overlapped image is filtered by the 2-D wavelet transformation to obtain clear interference moir? patterns. From moir? patterns, the displacement and strain fields can be analyzed. The experimental results show that the digital AFM moir? method is very sensitive and easy to realize in nanoscale measurements.
|
['Algorithms', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Moire Topography', 'Nanotechnology', 'Surface Properties']
| 15,450,663
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E01.370.350.600.630.500', 'E05.490.815'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First isolations of Segniliparus rugosus from patients with cystic fibrosis.
|
We report three cases of the new genus Segniliparus isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. All isolates were unambiguously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Segniliparus rugosus (GenBank accession no. AY 60892). Drug susceptibility results that may enhance treatment for cystic fibrosis patients with this opportunistic pathogen are presented.
|
['Actinomycetales', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests']
| 17,670,929
|
[['B03.510.024.049'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['C06.689.202', 'C08.381.187', 'C16.320.190', 'C16.614.213'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in the free amino acid composition of Capsicum annuum (pepper) leaves in response to Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) infestation. A comparison with water stress.
|
Amino acids play a central role in aphid-plant interactions. They are essential components of plant primary metabolism, function as precursors for the synthesis of defense-related specialized metabolites, and are major growth-limiting nutrients for aphids. To quantify changes in the free amino acid content of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves in response to green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) feeding, plants were infested with a low (20 aphids/plant) or a high (200 aphids/plant) aphid density in time-course experiments ranging from 3 hours to 7 days. A parallel experiment was conducted with pepper plants that had been subjected to water stress. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data revealed a significant interaction of time x density in the free amino acid response of aphid-infested leaves. At low aphid density, M. persicae did not trigger a strong response in pepper leaves. Conversely, at high density, a large increase in total free amino acid content was observed and specific amino acids peaked at different times post-infestation. Comparing aphid-infested with water-stressed plants, most of the observed differences were quantitative. In particular, proline and hydroxyproline accumulated dramatically in response to water stress, but not in response to aphid infestation. Some additional differences and commonalities between the two stress treatments are discussed.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Aphids', 'Capsicum', 'Droughts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Stress, Physiological']
| 29,856,878
|
[['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.165'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.145'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G07.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Smoking, HIV, and risk of pregnancy loss.
|
OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage and stillbirth (pregnancy loss), but the effect of smoking on pregnancy loss among HIV-infected women has not been explored. Here, investigated the impact of smoking on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women, and estimated the potential impact of realistic smoking cessation interventions on risk of pregnancy loss among HIV-positive women.DESIGN: We analyzed pregnancy outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study between 1994 and 2014.METHODS: We estimated effects of current smoking at or immediately before pregnancy on pregnancy loss; we controlled for confounding using regression approaches, and estimated potential impact of realistic smoking cessation interventions using a semiparametric g-formula approach.RESULTS: Analysis examined 1033 pregnancies among 659 women. The effect of smoking on pregnancy loss differed dramatically by HIV status: adjusted for confounding, the risk difference comparing current smokers to current nonsmokers was 19.2% (95% confidence limit 10.9-27.5%) in HIV-positive women and 9.7% (95% confidence limit 0.0-19.4%) in HIV-negative women. These results were robust to sensitivity analyses. We estimated that we would need to offer a realistic smoking cessation intervention to 36 women to prevent one pregnancy loss.CONCLUSION: Smoking is a highly prevalent exposure with important consequences for pregnancy in HIV-positive pregnant women in the United States, even in the presence of potent highly active antiretroviral therapy. This evidence supports greater efforts to promote smoking cessation interventions among HIV-positive women, especially those who desire to become pregnant.
|
['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Smoking', 'United States']
| 27,902,507
|
[['C13.703.039', 'G08.686.784.769.496.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['F01.145.805'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Actinoplanes and transfer of Actinoplanes minutisporangius Ruan et al. 1986 and 'Actinoplanes aurantiacus' to Cryptosporangium minutisporangium comb. nov. and Cryptosporangium aurantiacum sp. nov.
|
The phylogenetic structure of the genus Actinoplanes was determined by comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis of the type strains of all validly described Actinoplanes species and other strains of Actinoplanes. Actinoplanes minutisporangius IFO 15962T and 'Actinoplanes aurantiacus' IFO 13967 were placed outside the family Micromonosporaceae and appeared to be closely related to the genus Cryptosporangium. On the basis of their morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, these strains were reclassified into the genus Cryptosporangium. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that these strains differed from the species previously described in this genus. Therefore, the transfer is proposed of Actinoplanes minutisporangius Ruan et al. 1986 and 'Actinoplanes aurantiacus' IFO 13967 to the genus Cryptosporangium as Cryptosporangium minutisporangium comb. nov. and Cryptosporangium aurantiacum sp. nov.
|
['Actinomycetales', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Micromonosporaceae', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 11,760,955
|
[['B03.510.024.049'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['B03.300.390.400.500', 'B03.510.024.925', 'B03.510.415.400.500', 'B03.510.460.410.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sex bias of the birth litter affects surge but not tonic LH secretion in gilts.
|
The physiology and behavior of gilts that develop in a male-biased litter can differ from gilts that develop in a female-biased litter. We hypothesized that gilts from male-biased litters will have a delayed and attenuated luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, and reduced LH pulse frequency and amplitude compared to gilts from female-biased litters. Gilts were selected at birth from male-biased (>60% males n = 10) or female-biased (>60% females n = 9) litters. From 18 wk of age, detection of puberty using daily boar contact began and their subsequent estrous periods were synchronized with oral progestogen (altrenogest). On day 3 after altrenogest withdrawal, blood samples were obtained from 6 gilts per sex bias group at 10 min intervals from 0900 to 2100 h to determine LH pulse amplitude and frequency. From 0900 on day 4, all 19 gilts were sampled every 4 h until the end of estrus to characterize LH surge dynamics. There were no differences between groups in LH pulse characteristics. Compared to gilts from female-biased litters, the LH surge in gilts from male-biased litters was delayed [56.00 ± 3.32 h vs. 43.11 ± 3.76 h (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)), P < 0.05], the duration was decreased [29.78 ± 2.12 h vs. 37.71 ± 1.19 h (mean ± SEM), P < 0.05] and the total secretion as measured by area under the curve was decreased (91.42 ± 9.52 ng/mL vs. 120.28 ± 9.48 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Our results indicate that a male-biased uterine environment has different effects on the tonic secretion of LH than the LH surge, with only some elements of the LH surge being affected.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Environment', 'Estrus', 'Female', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Parturition', 'Pregnancy', 'Progestins', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Maturation', 'Swine', 'Trenbolone Acetate', 'Uterus']
| 29,701,828
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G08.686.195.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['G08.686.784.769.490'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.858'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.930'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis of rhodamines from fluoresceins using Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling.
|
A unified, convenient, and efficient strategy for the preparation of rhodamines and N,N'-diacylated rhodamines has been developed. Fluorescein ditriflates were found to undergo palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling with amines, amides, carbamates, and other nitrogen nucleophiles to provide direct access to known and novel rhodamine derivatives, including fluorescent dyes, quenchers, and latent fluorophores.
|
['Catalysis', 'Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques', 'Fluoresceins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Palladium', 'Rhodamines']
| 22,091,952
|
[['G02.130'], ['E05.197.312', 'J01.897.836.249.249'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['D03.633.300.953.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Left In The Dust: Helping Underreporting of Workplace Illnesses.
|
Workplace illnesses can be difficult for physicians and patients because some take years to develop and frequently are masked or mimicked by other illnesses. Such a disease may not show itself until decades after the patient has left the job that caused the problem. By then, the illness may be so far along that little can be done. That time lag between exposure and illness is just one of several difficulties Texas physicians face in tackling workplace illnesses. Because Texas does not have a federally-approved plan for developing and enforcing workplace health and safety standards, the state defers to OSHA on this responsibility.
|
['Humans', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Occupational Health', "Workers' Compensation", 'Workplace']
| 31,917,458
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['N01.400.525'], ['N03.219.521.346.866', 'N03.219.521.576.300.900'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Translumbar arch aortography: a retrospective controlled study of usefulness, technique, and safety.
|
Subclavian and axillary artery stenoses may lead to axillofemoral bypass graft failure. These arteries were assessed preoperatively with arch aortography performed after conventional high translumbar peripheral aortography by exchanging the initial 16-gauge sheath for a 5-F pigtail catheter. Thirty-two diagnostic translumbar runoff and arch (TLR-arch) aortograms were obtained in 30 patients with advanced lower extremity ischemia. In six patients (20%), the results of the arch study influenced the choice of an inflow site. These patients were compared with 70 control subjects who underwent conventional translumbar aortography without arch studies. In the TLR-arch group, two major complications occurred in one patient, while in the control group 11 major complications occurred in 10 patients. One retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in the TLR-arch group; two occurred in the control group. The mean change in hematocrit for the TLR-arch group was -3.81% (-0.0381), and for the control group it was -4.17% (-0.0417). This difference was not statistically significant. Arch aortography is a valuable adjunct to the translumbar aortofemoral study. It can be simply performed without increasing the morbidity of the peripheral study.
|
['Aged', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Aortography', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Axillary Artery', 'Brachiocephalic Trunk', 'Female', 'Femoral Artery', 'Graft Occlusion, Vascular', 'Humans', 'Iliac Artery', 'Male', 'Preoperative Care', 'Subclavian Artery']
| 1,984,309
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.070', 'E01.370.370.050.070'], ['C14.907.137'], ['A07.015.114.085'], ['A07.015.114.145'], ['A07.015.114.351'], ['C23.550.767.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.444'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['A07.015.114.839']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Basic money-counting skills of children with mental retardation.
|
The thought processes involved in counting and comparing small amounts of money among children and adolescents with Down syndrome (n = 17), other children and adolescents with mental retardation of unknown etiologies (n = 17), and normally developing first graders (n = 15) were examined. Three different tasks that progressively reduced the cognitive demands placed on the children were used. Although not generally different from each other, the two groups of children with mental retardation had far greater difficulties with the tasks than normals. Also, as the complexity of the counting task increased, the number of comparison errors made by the children with mental retardation increased. Based on the findings, a program for teaching money principles to children with mental retardation was proposed.
|
['Achievement', 'Adolescent', 'Child', 'Concept Formation', 'Down Syndrome', 'Education of Intellectually Disabled', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Mental Recall', 'Problem Solving']
| 8,743,552
|
[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.785.233'], ['C10.597.606.360.220', 'C16.131.077.327', 'C16.131.260.260', 'C16.320.180.260'], ['F02.784.629.375', 'I02.233.213.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['H01.548'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acetoxy substituted 1,1,2-triphenylbut-1-enes: estrogenic, antiestrogenic and mammary tumor inhibiting activity.
|
1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes substituted with 3- or 4-acetoxy (OAc) groups on one, two, or three phenyl rings were tested for their estrogen receptor affinities, their estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties in the immature mouse, and their effect on the growth of the hormone-dependent MXT mammary tumor of the mouse. The 4-OAc-substituted compounds had a stronger uterotrophic potency than their 3-OAc-substituted analogs. A certain correlation between estrogenic properties and receptor affinities was demonstrable. Compounds with 3-OAc groups generally had antiestrogenic properties. By varying the aromatic substitution it was possible to obtain compounds ranging from strong estrogens to potent antiestrogens with almost no agonistic activity. The 4-OAc-substituted triphenylbut-1-enes had a better antitumor effect than the compounds with 3-OAc moieties. Thus, the tumor inhibiting activity correlates more with the estrogenic than with the antiestrogenic properties. The strong antiestrogens among these compounds did not show any significant antitumor effect. Further studies are necessary to solve the problem why strong antiestrogens do not, in contrast to ovariectomy, inhibit tumor growth.
|
['Alkenes', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Estrogen Antagonists', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 3,771,620
|
[['D02.455.326.271'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D06.347.295', 'D27.505.696.399.450.327'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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