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A one-pot coupling/hydrolysis/condensation process to pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline.
|
CuI/L-proline-catalyzed coupling of 2-halotrifluoroacetanilides with pyrrole-2-carboxylate esters in DMSO at 80-90 degrees C followed by in situ hydrolysis at 60 degrees C afforded pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines. Indole-2-carboxylate esters underwent the same process smoothly to provide the corresponding tetracyclic products.
|
['Hydrolysis', 'Molecular Structure', 'Pyrroles', 'Quinoxalines']
| 18,522,423
|
[['G02.380'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['D03.633.100.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Mechanism of hypertensive nephropathy in the Dahl/Rapp rat: a primary disorder of vascular smooth muscle.
|
The Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive (S) rat is a model of salt-sensitive hypertension and hypertensive renal disease. This study explored the role of vascular remodeling in the development of renal failure in S rats. Groups of S and Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.3 and 8.0% NaCl diets for up to 21 days and evidence of smooth muscle proliferation identified using immunohistochemistry that showed nuclear accumulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine. Compared with the other three groups, S rats on 8.0% NaCl diet showed increased nuclear labeling of cells of the aorta and arteries and arterioles of the kidney by the end of the first week of study. Progressive luminal narrowing of the interlobular arteries and preglomerular arterioles occurred in S rats over the 3 wk on the 8.0% NaCl diet. Accumulation of pimonidazole adducts and nuclear accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) were used as markers of tissue hypoxia. By the end of the second week of study, pimonidazole levels increased in S rats on 8.0% NaCl diet and deposition was apparent in tubular cells in the cortex and medulla. At the completion of the experiment, HIF-1alpha levels were increased in nuclear extracts from the cortex and medulla of S rats on this diet, compared with the other three groups of rats. The data demonstrated a disorder of the vascular remodeling process with proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells temporally followed by development of tissue hypoxia in the hypertensive nephropathy of S rats on 8.0% NaCl diet.
|
['Animals', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Hypertension', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitroimidazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Dahl', 'Renal Insufficiency', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sucrose', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription Factors']
| 15,583,217
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D12.776.260.103.625.750', 'D12.776.930.125.625.750'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D02.640.672', 'D03.383.129.308.658'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.165', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.165'], ['C12.777.419.780', 'C13.351.968.419.780'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of 3-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines via a convenient synthesis of 4-amino-3-arylpyrazoles and SAR of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type-1 antagonists.
|
3-Phenylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were synthesized via a cyclization of 4-amino-3-phenylpyrazoles 11-13 with ethyl acetoacetate. These compounds were found to be potent CRF(1) antagonists. The 2-alkylpyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridines were more polar but less active than the corresponding 1-alkyl-isomers.
|
['Humans', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyridines', 'Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 12,951,127
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.180', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.150'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of telechelic cis-1,4-polyisoprene cationomers in the synthesis of antibacterial ionic polyurethanes and copolyurethanes bearing ammonium groups.
|
New crosslinked ionic polyurethanes and copolyurethanes were yielded by reaction of telechelic cis-1,4-oligoisoprenes, bearing a variable number of ammonium and hydroxy groups, with isocyanurate of isophorone diisocyanate (I-IPDI). Aiming for a comparative study, polyurethane elastomers based on non-ionic telechelic oligomers were also synthesized. Thermo-mechanical behavior and crosslinking density of these three families of materials were investigated by DMTA and swelling test, respectively. Surface properties were examined by static contact angle measurements and AFM imaging. The bactericidal activity of the polymers was investigated by enumerating living Pseudomonas aeruginosa on material surfaces and on water suspensions. The number of attached living bacteria was found to depend on the chemical structure of the material and on the contact time between the microorganisms and the surface. An exclusive bactericidal activity was obtained with the ionic copolyurethane family. Materials with weak crosslinking density were found to release bactericidal moieties. The abilities of the polymers to prevent bacterial growth were examined through zone of inhibition experiments against P. aeruginosa, which shown a bacteriostatical effect for each synthesized material. These experiments were not sufficiently sensitive to detect the leaching of bactericidal moieties from the materials with weak crosslinking density. When the zone of inhibition experiments was performed on more sensitive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus epidermidis, the leaching of bactericidal moieties as well as bacteriostatic effect was detected. This work demonstrates the potentiality for making functional biomaterials from natural rubber, a renewable resource.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Butadienes', 'Cations', 'Disinfection', 'Hemiterpenes', 'Materials Testing', 'Pentanes', 'Polyurethanes', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis']
| 17,610,950
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.146.240'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['D02.455.849.486'], ['E05.570'], ['D02.455.326.146.770'], ['D02.241.081.251.944.750', 'D05.750.716.650', 'D25.720.327.782', 'D25.720.716.650', 'J01.637.051.720.327.782', 'J01.637.051.720.716.650', 'J01.637.412.700'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.343', 'B03.353.500.750.750.343', 'B03.510.100.750.750.343', 'B03.510.400.790.750.343']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association of serum osteoprotegerin with left ventricular mass in African American adults with hypertension.
|
BACKGROUND: African-Americans with hypertension are susceptible to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Serum osteoprotegerin level has been reported to be associated with LVH. We investigated the association of osteoprotegerin with LV mass (LVM) in 898 African-Americans with hypertension (mean age 65 years, 71% women).METHODS: Osteoprotegerin levels were measured in serum by an immunoassay and log-transformed for analyses. LVM index (LVMi; LVM/height(2.7)) was estimated using M-mode echocardiography. Linear regression analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association of osteoprotegerin with LVMi.RESULTS: Serum osteoprotegerin was correlated with LVMi (r = 0.21; P < 0.0001), an estimated increase in LVMi of 5.05 (95% confidence interval 2.93, 7.17) g/m(2.7) in the highest compared to the lowest osteoprotegerin quartile. This association remained statistically significant after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), history of smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (BP), total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), estimated renal function, history of myocardial infarction and stroke, lifestyle factors (physical activity score, years of education, amount of alcohol consumption), medications (aspirin, antihypertensives, statins, estrogens), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.02). Additionally, osteoprotegerin was correlated with early/atrial (E/A) ratio (r = -0.16; P < 0.0001), LV mean wall thickness (r = 0.17; P < 0.0001) and relative wall thickness (r = 0.14; P < 0.0001) but not ejection fraction (r = 0.04; P = 0.24) or internal end-diastolic dimension (r = 0.02; P = 0.60).CONCLUSION: In African-Americans with hypertension, a higher serum osteoprotegerin level is weakly but independently associated with a higher LVM.
|
['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size', 'Osteoprotegerin']
| 20,339,356
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C14.280.195.400', 'C23.300.775.250.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Value of serial troponin T measures for early and late risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The GUSTO-IIa Investigators.
|
BACKGROUND: The baseline cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level strongly predicts short-term mortality in acute coronary syndromes, but the added value of later measures to predict short- and long-term outcome and in the context of baseline clinical characteristics is unclear.METHODS AND RESULTS: Relations between baseline, peak, and 8- and 16-hour (late) cTnT results and outcomes were assessed in 734 patients in a GUSTO-IIa substudy. Proportional-hazards models assessed the prognostic information gained from late cTnT when added to a mortality model containing the baseline cTnT result and clinical factors. At baseline, 260 patients were cTnT-positive (>0.1 ng/mL), 323 became positive later, and 151 remained negative (</=0.1 ng/mL). Mortality at 30 days was 10% in the baseline-positive group, 5% in late-positive patients, and 0% in negative patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, any positive cTnT result predicted 30-day mortality (baseline, chi2=8.96, P=0.0113; 8-hour, chi2=6.51, P=0.0107; 16-hour, chi2=8.40, P=0.0038). Both the 8- and the 16-hour results added to the strength of the baseline result (baseline+8-hour, chi2=12.04, P=0.0072; baseline+16-hour, chi2=13.52, P=0.0036). Only age and ST-segment elevation were stronger predictors of 30-day mortality than baseline cTnT; results were similar for prediction of 1-year mortality. Most of the mortality difference between cTnT-positive and -negative patients occurred within the first 30 days.CONCLUSIONS: The cTnT level is a strong, independent predictor of short-term outcome in acute coronary syndromes. The addition of later samples to a baseline level is useful to evaluate the risk of serious cardiac events.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocardium', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Assessment', 'Time Factors', 'Troponin T']
| 9,799,204
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 1
| 1
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|
Syncope in the emergency department: comparison of standardized admission criteria with clinical practice.
|
AIMS: Syncope is a major health care problem that accounts for many emergency department (ED) and hospital admissions. This study was conducted to investigate the short-term risk of serious events in patients presenting to the ED with syncope and to compare guideline-based admission criteria with those adopted in clinical practice.METHODS AND RESULTS: A single-centre retrospective analysis was performed on ED visits between January and June 2009. We used the ICD-9 code 780.2 for syncope as the primary diagnosis. The prevalence of serious events within 7 days of the index presentation was evaluated. In addition, admissions and discharges were classified as being appropriate or inappropriate based on standardized guideline-based criteria integrated in a new Faint-Algorithm developed at the University of Utah. Two hundred and fifty-four ED visits met the inclusion criteria. One hundred and thirty-six patients were discharged home and the remaining 118 were admitted. The prevalence of serious events in the discharged and admission groups were 5 and 10, respectively, (P= NS). According to the Faint-Algorithm, the number of inappropriate discharges and admissions were 8 out of 136 and 69 out of 118, respectively. Using the Faint-Algorithm, only 57 patients instead of 118 patients should have been admitted resulting in a 52% reduction in admission rate. Furthermore, in the remaining 197 patients who should have been discharged, the prevalence of serious events was not significantly different than that observed in the 136 patients who were actually discharged (3% vs. 4%).CONCLUSION: There are significant numbers of inappropriate discharges and admissions in patients presenting with syncope. The standardized guideline-based criteria integrated in the new Faint-Algorithm provide promise but require further prospective evaluation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Diagnostic Tests, Routine', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Discharge', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Syncope', 'United States']
| 21,757,485
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.395'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['Z01.542'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C10.597.606.358.800.600', 'C23.888.592.604.359.800.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Screening and Identification of Trichoderma Strains Isolated from Natural Habitats with Potential to Cellulose and Xylan Degrading Enzymes Production.
|
A total of 123 Trichoderma strains were isolated from different habitats and tested for their ability to degrade cellulose and xylan by simple plate screening method. Among strains, more than 34 and 45% respectively, exhibited higher cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity, compared to the reference strain T. reesei QM 9414. For strains efficiently degrading cellulose, a highest enzyme activity was confirmed using filter paper test, and it resulted in a range from 1.01 to 7.15 FPU/ml. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, the isolates were identified as Trichoderma. The most frequently identified strains belonged to Trichoderma harzianum species. Among all strains, the most effective in degradation of cellulose and xylose was T. harzianum and T. virens, especially those isolated from forest wood, forest soil or garden and mushroom compost. The results of this work confirmed that numerous strains from the Trichoderma species have high cellulose and xylan degradation potential and could be useful for lignocellulose biomass conversion e.g. for biofuel production.
|
['Biomass', 'Cellulase', 'Cellulose', 'Ecosystem', 'Lignin', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Temperature', 'Trichoderma', 'Wood', 'Xylans']
| 30,015,456
|
[['G16.500.275.157.100', 'N06.230.124.100'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.200'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B01.300.381.910'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900'], ['D09.698.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
SERPINA3 is a key modulator of HNRNP-K transcriptional activity against oxidative stress in HCC.
|
Most studies about serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 3 (SERPINA3) has been limited to its inhibitory functions and mechanisms. Herein, we report a novel role of SERPINA3 in transcriptional regulation of HCC progression-related genes. Among 19 selected genes through HCC cell isolation system based on telomere length, microarray analyses, and cell-based studies, SERPINA3 was the strongest determinant of increases in telomere length, HCC cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. We also found that SERPINA3 strongly interacted with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNP-K) under H2O2 exposure, and the oxidation-elicited SERPINA3-HNRNP-K complex enhanced the promoter activities and transcript levels of a telomere-relating gene (POT1) and HCC-promoting genes (UHRF1 and HIST2H2BE). Intriguingly, the inhibition of SERPINA3 oxidation rendered the transcriptional activity of the SERPINA3-HNRNP-K complex suppressed. Moreover, the co-immunoprecipitated HNRNP-K with SERPINA3 quantitatively correlated with not only the level of SERPINA3 oxidation but also the level of POT1, UHRF1, and HIST2H2BE transcripts and telomere length in HCC tissues. Therefore, the upregulated transcriptional activity of HNRNP-K mediated by SERPINA3 promotes HCC cell survival and proliferation and could be an indicator of poor prognosis for HCC patients.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K', 'Heterografts', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Protein Binding', 'Serpins', 'Telomere', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 31,121,493
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.157.725.813.750.500', 'D12.776.260.268', 'D12.776.664.962.813.750.500'], ['A01.941.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.644.861', 'D12.776.872', 'D27.505.519.389.745.800.675'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Age-related use and benefit of the bone-anchored hearing aid compact.
|
OBJECTIVE: To study age-related patient satisfaction with the bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) compact.METHODS: A retrospective postal questionnaire, the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), was sent to 211 BAHA Compact users. Questionnaire responses from 135 BAHA users were analyzed related to age, sex, years of BAHA experience, and the hearing thresholds (pure-tone average) at the aided side. Age ranged from 18 to 77 years.RESULTS: The IOI-HA showed that the BAHA Compact was greatly appreciated by almost all of the users: most patients stated that they were using the device for most of the day; it helped them to hear better and it reduced the number of situations in which hearing impairment was problematical. The cumulative score on the questionnaire was negatively influenced by age (rho = -0.191, p = 0.05). Furthermore, increase in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) component was associated with decrease in total IOI-HA scores (Spearman rho = -0.193, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between age and the SNHL component (Spearman rho = 0.525, p < 0.001).There were no significant differences in the levels of difficulty with placing the BAHA on the implant or with handling the BAHA between the age groups. Cleaning the skin around the implant causes the most difficulties in the youngest age group (p < 0.02).CONCLUSION: The BAHA Compact enhances participation in various domains of communication. Differences in patients' satisfaction seemed to be correlated with the SNHL component rather than age.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Communication', 'Female', 'Hearing Aids', 'Hearing Loss', 'Hearing Loss, Conductive', 'Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Speech Perception', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 19,638,942
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E07.305.906.500', 'E07.814.458'], ['C09.218.458.341', 'C10.597.751.418.341', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341'], ['C09.218.458.341.562', 'C10.597.751.418.341.562', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.562'], ['C09.218.458.341.849', 'C10.597.751.418.341.849', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.849'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transactivation potencies of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor á by perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates: estimation of PFOA induction equivalency factors.
|
The present study assessed the transactivation potencies of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor á (BS PPARá) by perfluorochemicals (PFCs) having various carbon chain lengths (C4-C12) using an in vitro reporter gene assay. Among the twelve PFCs treated with a range of 7.8-250 ìM concentration, eight perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) and two perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) induced BS PPARá-mediated transcriptional activities in a dose-dependent manner. To compare the BS PPARá transactivation potencies of PFCs, the present study estimated the PFOA induction equivalency factors (IEFs), a ratio of the 50% effective concentration of PFOA to the concentration of each compound that can induce the response corresponding to 50% of the maximal response of PFOA. The order of IEFs for the PFCs was as follows: PFOA (IEF: 1)>PFHpA (0.89)>PFNA (0.61)>PFPeA (0.50)>PFHxS (0.41)>PFHxA (0.38)?PFDA (0.37)>PFBA (0.26)=PFOS (0.26)>PFUnDA (0.15)?PFDoDA and PFBuS (not activated). The structure-activity relationship analysis showed that PFCAs having more than seven perfluorinated carbons had a negative correlation (r=-1.0, p=0.017) between the number of perfluorinated carbons and the IEF of PFCAs, indicating that the number of perfluorinated carbon of PFCAs is one of the factors determining the transactivation potencies of the BS PPARá. The analysis also indicated that PFCAs were more potent than PFSAs with the same number of perfluorinated carbons. Treatment with a mixture of ten PFCs showed an additive action on the BS PPARá activation. Using IEFs of individual PFCs and hepatic concentrations of PFCs in the liver of wild Baikal seals, the PFOA induction equivalents (IEQs, 5.3-58 ng IEQ/g wet weight) were calculated. The correlation analysis revealed that the hepatic total IEQs showed a significant positive correlation with the hepatic expression levels of cytochrome P450 4A-like protein (r=0.53, p=0.036). This suggests that our approach may be useful for assessing the potential PPARá-mediated biological effects of complex mixtures of PFCs in wild Baikal seal population.
|
['Animals', 'Caprylates', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Gene Expression', 'PPAR alpha', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Seals, Earless', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 21,381,677
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.241.081.222', 'D10.251.122'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.776.826.239.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid activates protein kinase C in isolated rat hepatocytes.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves liver function in patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases by an unknown mechanism. UDCA is conjugated to taurine in vivo, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a potent hepatocellular Ca2+ agonist and stimulates biliary exocytosis and hepatocellular Ca2+ influx, both of which are defective in experimental cholestasis. Protein kinase C (PKC) mediates stimulation of exocytosis in the liver. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of TUDCA on PKC in isolated hepatocytes.METHODS: The effect of TUDCA on the distribution of PKC isoenzymes within the hepatocyte was studied using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques. In addition, the effect of TUDCA on the accummulation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), the intracellular activator of PKC, and hepatocellular PKC activity was studied using radioenzymatic techniques.RESULTS: Immunoblotting studies showed the presence of four isoenzymes (alpha, delta, epsilon, and zeta). The phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1 mumol/L) induced translocation of alpha-PKC, delta-PKC, and epsilon-PKC from cytosol to a particulate membrane fraction, a key step for activation of PKC. TUDCA, but not taurocholic acid, selectively induced translocation of the alpha-PKC isoenzyme from cytosol to the membranes. In addition, TUDCA induced a significant increase in hepatocellular DAG mass and stimulated membrane-associated PKC activity.CONCLUSIONS: TUDCA might stimulate Ca(2+)-dependent hepatocellular exocytosis into bile in part by activation of alpha-PKC.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholagogues and Choleretics', 'Cytosol', 'Diglycerides', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Exocytosis', 'Isoenzymes', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid', 'Taurocholic Acid']
| 8,613,063
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.954.483.508'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D10.351.303'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G04.468'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['A03.620'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850.875.900.875', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850.800.900.875', 'D04.210.500.105.225.272.150.850', 'D04.210.500.105.225.272.925.875', 'D04.210.500.105.225.900.900.870', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.300.900', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.900.910', 'D04.210.500.221.430.873.920.900'], ['D02.455.326.146.100.850.875', 'D02.886.645.600.055.850.800', 'D04.210.500.105.225.900', 'D04.210.500.221.430.873']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Transitory postural and positional nystagmus in children and its diagnostic significance].
|
Among 587 children at an age from 5 to 14 years, examined in the university clinic of O.R.L. Essen in a 10 years period because of dizziness, 201 times the subjective sensations could be objectified by a vestibular nystagmus. After elimination of all cases with a pathologic ear state 39 times a posture or positioning nystagmus was recorded. The examination was regularly effected by a systematic search for spontaneous and provoked nystagmus by Frenzel's luminous glasses and was completed by an experimental excitability test of the labyrinth according to Hallpike. The nystagmus findings are divided form analytically in transitory directional appointed, irregular and regular direction changing posture resp. positioning nystagmus with and without latency or contrary course. An etio-pathogenetic explanation is given.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Humans', 'Nystagmus, Pathologic', 'Posture', 'Vertigo']
| 6,633,543
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.292.562.675', 'C11.590.400'], ['G11.427.695'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel nonsense mutation of the KAL gene in two brothers with Kallmann syndrome.
|
Kallmann syndrome (KS), defined by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia, can be caused by mutations in the KAL gene on Xp 22.3. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix glycoprotein called anosmin-1, which belongs to the class of cell adhesion molecules. In the absence of a functional KAL protein, migration of both olfactory and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons is arrested. A defective anosmin-1 molecule may also play a role in the development of synkinesia and renal agenesis, which are exclusively seen in the X-linked form of KS. We describe the clinical presentation and molecular diagnosis of the defect in two brothers with KS. An X-linked mode of transmission was assumed on the basis of synkinesia and the presence of oligomenorrhoea in the mother. A novel nonsense mutation was found in exon 13 of the KAL gene, encoding the region of the fourth fibronectin type III repeat of anosmin-1, which results in an apparently nonfunctional truncated protein.
|
['Adolescent', 'Codon, Nonsense', 'Exons', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Kallmann Syndrome', 'Male', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'X Chromosome']
| 11,044,805
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250.235', 'G05.360.335.355.250.235', 'G05.365.590.195'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['G05.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.706.316.096.750', 'C13.351.875.253.096.750', 'C16.131.939.316.096.750', 'C16.320.467', 'C19.391.119.096.750', 'C19.391.482.600'], ['D12.776.631'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lowered cAMP and cGMP signalling in the brain during levodopa-induced dyskinesias in hemiparkinsonian rats: new aspects in the pathogenetic mechanisms.
|
Dysregulation of dopamine receptors is thought to underlie levodopa-induced dyskinesias in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. It is unknown whether an imbalance of the second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), is involved in the alterations of levodopa/dopamine signal transduction. We examined cAMP and cGMP signalling in the interconnected cortico-striatal-pallidal loop at the peak of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the substantia nigra. In addition, we examined the role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) and the rate of cAMP and cGMP degradation on the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesias in animals pretreated with PDE inhibitor, zaprinast. Unilateral lesion of substantia nigra led to an increase in cAMP but a decrease in cGMP levels in the ipsilateral basal ganglia. After chronic levodopa treatment, cAMP and cGMP were differentially regulated in eukinetic animals: the cAMP level increased in the cortex and striatum but decreased in the globus pallidus of both hemispheres, whereas the cGMP decreased below baseline levels in the contralateral cortico-striatal-pallidal regions. In dyskinetic animals chronic levodopa treatment led to an absolute decrease in cAMP and cGMP levels in cortico-striatal-pallidal regions of both hemispheres. Pretreatment with zaprinast reduced the severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and partly prevented the decrease in cyclic nucleotides compared with pretreatment with saline-levodopa. In conclusion, using a rat model of hemiparkinsonism, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of cyclic nucleotides in both hemispheres at the peak of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. We propose that such a decrease in cyclic nucleotides may partly result from increased catabolism through PDE overactivity.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Dopamine', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced', 'Globus Pallidus', 'Levodopa', 'Male', 'Neostriatum', 'Oxidopamine', 'Parkinsonian Disorders', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Purinones', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Second Messenger Systems', 'Substantia Nigra', 'Sympatholytics', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 18,717,735
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C10.228.662.262.500', 'C10.597.350.275', 'C10.720.312', 'C23.888.592.350.275', 'C25.100.750', 'C25.723.705.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.397'], ['D02.092.311.200.480', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200.480', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400.500', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487.550'], ['D02.092.311.342.478.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342.478.650'], ['C10.228.140.079.862', 'C10.228.662.600'], ['D27.505.519.389.735'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D03.633.100.759.758'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G02.111.820.800', 'G04.835.800'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.656'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.850'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adolescent substance use, sleep, and academic achievement: evidence of harm due to caffeine.
|
Using academic achievement as the key outcome variable, 7377 Icelandic adolescents were surveyed for cigarette smoking, alcohol use, daytime sleepiness, caffeine use, and potential confounders. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine direct and indirect effects of measured and latent variables in two models: the first with caffeine excluded and the second with caffeine included. A substantial proportion of variance in academic achievement, which might otherwise have been attributed to the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and alcohol use, was found to be attributable to caffeine. Evidence was obtained that daytime sleepiness, which was found to be independently associated with usage of licit substances (nicotine and alcohol) and caffeine, may be an important mediator of the negative impact of those substances on academic achievement. Findings suggest the importance of including measurements of caffeine consumption in future studies of adolescent substance use.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Caffeine', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Educational Status', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iceland', 'Male', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Deprivation', 'Substance-Related Disorders']
| 20,970,177
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.022'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N01.824.196'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.816.249', 'Z01.639.490'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Perinatal effects of Gardnerella vaginalis deciduitis in the rabbit.
|
OBJECTIVE: We determined the effects of intrauterine infection with Gardnerella vaginalis on maternal and fetal outcome in the rabbit.STUDY DESIGN: Both uterine horns of rabbits on day 20 or 21 of gestation (70% of gestation) were inoculated hysteroscopically with either 0.2 ml of 10(5) to 10(7) CFU/ml of G. vaginalis or saline solution. Animals were killed on day 4 or earlier if premature delivery occurred. The following outcome parameters were evaluated: febrile morbidity, preterm labor and delivery, maternal cultures, fetal birth weight, and fetal neuropathologic findings.RESULTS: G. vaginalis intrauterine inoculation uniformly resulted in amnionitis and deciduitis. Animals inoculated with G. vaginalis had no greater incidence of fever and preterm delivery than did saline-treated control animals. However, intrauterine infection with G. vaginalis resulted in a significant decrease in the live birth rate when compared with that of controls (80% vs 95%, p < 0.03). G. vaginalis deciduitis was associated with as 23% reduction in the birth weight of the surviving fetuses. Furthermore, animals in the G. vaginalis study group had a 60% incidence of severe brain injury compared with 0% in the saline solution group.CONCLUSION: G. vaginalis amnionitis and deciduitis produced minimal maternal morbidity but were associated with decreased birth weight and brain injury in surviving fetuses; thus it appears that G. vaginalis selectively functions as a fetal, but not maternal, pathogen in the rabbit.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Birth Weight', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Decidua', 'Endometritis', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Fetal Diseases', 'Fever', 'Gardnerella vaginalis', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Organ Size', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Rabbits', 'Uterus']
| 8,456,914
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.150.252'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['A05.360.319.679.490.373', 'A16.710.289'], ['C13.351.500.056.750.249', 'C13.351.500.852.299'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['C13.703.277', 'C16.300'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B03.510.024.400.800'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E01.789.700', 'G08.686.784.769.496'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
gamma-Glutamyltransferase predicts cardiovascular death among Japanese women.
|
The clinical importance of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has recently been debated. Although some studies have suggested that the relationship between GGT and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is independent of alcohol consumption, to our knowledge no studies have reported the relationship between GGT and CVD mortality in never-drinker subgroups. Since Japanese women are known to have a lower prevalence of alcohol consumption, we examined whether GGT predicts CVD mortality in never-drinkers. We followed 2724 Japanese men and 4122 Japanese women without prior CVD or liver dysfunction for 9.6 years and observed 83 and 82 CVD deaths, respectively. Current alcohol drinkers comprised 59% of men and 7% of women. Among women, the multiple adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD mortality compared with the reference group (GGT: 1-12 U/L) was 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-7.28) for the elevated group (GGT>or=50 U/L). This positive relationship was unchanged in the never-drinkers subgroup (HR for log-transformed continuous GGT, 1.62 (95% CI, 1.11-2.37)). No significant relationships were observed in men. GGT displays a strong positive association with CVD mortality among Japanese women, for whom the prevalence of ever-drinkers is very low. Exploring the significance and biological mechanisms of GGT might provide useful insights into CVD prevention.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 17,034,795
|
[['D23.101'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intercondylar Notch Width as a Risk Factor for Medial Femoral Condyle Osteochondritis Dissecans in Skeletally Immature Patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the medial femoral condyle (MFC) is one of the most common causes of knee pain in adolescents. Wilson sign reproduces knee pain with internal rotation of the tibia during extension of the knee from 90 to 30 degrees due to impingement of the tibial eminence on the MFC. This impingement may result in microtrauma and contribute to lesion formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate anatomic factors that may increase the likelihood of impingement by using magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients with MFC OCD lesions to measure tibial eminence height and femoral notch width.METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was performed using the radiology database at our institution between July 2009 and February 2014. Magnetic resonance imagings of patients with MFC OCD lesions and matched controls were identified. For each patient, tibial eminence height and femoral notch width were measured and then normalized for patient size [creating the tibial eminence height normalized, and the notch width index (NWI), respectively]. Values for OCD and control knees were compared using Student t test. Interrater and intrarater reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients.RESULTS: Thirty-five MFC OCD patients and matched controls were identified. Comparison of the groups showed a significantly smaller NWI in MFC OCD knees than in the matched controls (0.2620±0.0248 vs. 0.2886 ±0.0323, P=0.0003). There was no difference in tibial eminence height normalized between groups (0.1387±0.0161 vs. 0.1428±0.0108, P=0.21). Interrater and intrarater reliability of all measurements was good to excellent (0.81 to 1.00) when measurements were made using bony margins.CONCLUSIONS: Knees with MFC OCD lesions have significantly smaller NWIs than matched controls. This anatomic factor may increase the likelihood of tibial eminence impingement and contribute to OCD lesion formation.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-case-control study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Australia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Kinanthropometry', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Osteochondritis Dissecans', 'Radiography', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Tibia']
| 25,988,680
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.024.450', 'N06.850.505.200.100.700'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C05.116.791.668'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 is essential for ozone-induced oxidative stress in mice and humans.
|
One host susceptibility factor for ozone identified in epidemiologic studies is NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). We hypothesized that after ozone exposure, NQO1 is required to increase 8-isoprostane (also known as F(2)-isoprostane) production, a recognized marker of ozone-induced oxidative stress, and to enhance airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. In this report, we demonstrate that in contrast to wild-type mice, NQO1-null mice are resistant to ozone and have blunted responses, including decreased production of F(2)-isoprostane and keratinocyte chemokine, decreased airway inflammation, and diminished airway hyperresponsiveness. Importantly, these results in mice correlate with in vitro findings in humans. In primary human airway epithelial cells, inhibition of NQO1 by dicumarol blocks ozone-induced F(2)-isoprostane production and IL-8 gene expression. Together, these results demonstrate that NQO1 modulates cellular redox status and influences the biologic and physiologic effects of ozone.
|
['Animals', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokines', 'Dicumarol', 'Dinoprost', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'NADPH Dehydrogenase', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Ozone', 'Pneumonia', 'Time Factors']
| 19,059,883
|
[['B01.050'], ['A04.411.125'], ['C08.127.210'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D03.383.663.283.446.520.203', 'D03.633.100.150.446.520.203'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.436'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['D08.811.682.608.550'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance].
|
Most fundamental differences in the bacterial structure between the gram positive and negative bacteria are whether the organism has the outer membrane. The most essential mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in the gram negative bacteria are the alteration of membrane permeability to antibiotics. The outer membrane can perform as the barrier to prevent the cells from being exposed to antibiotics. On the other hand, the gram positive bacteria need to alternate the antimicrobial targets for reducing their binding affinity with antibiotics, because of defect of the outer membrane. On the basis of the structural difference between gram positive and negative bacteria, the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to beta-lactams, amino glycosides, macrolides, newer quinolones and vancomycin are discussed.
|
['Aminoglycosides', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Gram-Negative Bacteria', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Lactams', 'Macrolides', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Quinolones', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Vancomycin']
| 8,126,881
|
[['D09.408.051'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['B03.440'], ['B03.510'], ['D02.065.589', 'D03.383.411'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['D03.633.100.810.835'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of spontaneously released endothelium-derived relaxing factor in cerebral and extracerebral arteries in rabbits.
|
To investigate regional differences in spontaneously released endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a bioassay of spontaneously released EDRF was performed on rabbit basilar, ear, common carotid and thoracic arteries using an isometric tension measurement technique and a measurement of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content in the vascular smooth muscle. The amount of spontaneously released EDRF was higher in the basilar artery than in any other arteries examined (p < 0.01). The levels of cGMP were 57.3 +/- 4.4 (n = 7) in basilar, 26.5 +/- 4.3 (n = 6) in ear, 24.5 +/- 2.3 (n = 11) in common carotid, and 30.3 +/- 3.8 pmol/g tissue (n = 8) in thoracic artery with endothelium, while endothelium-denuded arteries showed 24.2 +/- 6.6 (n = 5), 17.5 +/- 5.1 (n = 6), 20.1 +/- 2.9 (n = 7) and 14.4 +/- 2.3 pmol/g tissue (n = 8) in the same order. Haemoglobin (10(-5) M, incubated with the artery for 5 min, significantly reduced the level of cGMP in all vessels with endothelium: 35.3 +/- 4.4 (basilar), 16.0 +/- 2.1 (ear), 14.0 +/- 1.9 (common carotid) and 8.7 +/- 1.2 pmol/g tissue (thoracic artery). Since endothelium-dependent relaxation is associated with a rise in the cGMP content of the smooth muscle cell, the data of cGMP measurement in addition to the bioassay of spontaneously released EDRF in tension measurement suggests that the spontaneous release of EDRF is much greater in the basilar artery than in extracerebral arteries. It is concluded that the intensity of the spontaneously released EDRF is relatively higher in the intracerebral artery than in the extracerebral artery.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Arteries', 'Basilar Artery', 'Biomarkers', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Ear', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Hemoglobins', 'Male', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rabbits', 'Saponins', 'Secretory Rate', 'Serotonin', 'Thoracic Arteries', 'Vasodilation']
| 7,905,607
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['D23.101'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['A01.456.313', 'A09.246'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D09.408.782'], ['G03.857'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A07.015.114.891'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple binding modes for palmitate to barley lipid transfer protein facilitated by the presence of proline 12.
|
Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to characterise the binding of the fatty acid ligand palmitate in the barley lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP) internal cavity. Two different palmitate binding modes (1 and 2), with similar protein-ligand interaction energies, have been identified using a variety of simulation strategies. These strategies include applying experimental protein-ligand atom-atom distance restraints during the simulation, or protonating the palmitate ligand, or using the vacuum GROMOS 54B7 force-field parameter set for the ligand during the initial stages of the simulations. In both the binding modes identified the palmitate carboxylate head group hydrogen bonds with main chain amide groups in helix A, residues 4 to 19, of the protein. In binding mode 1 the hydrogen bonds are to Lys 11, Cys 13, and Leu 14 and in binding mode 2 to Thr 15, Tyr 16, Val 17, Ser 24 and also to the OH of Thr 15. In both cases palmitate binding exploits irregularity of the intrahelical hydrogen-bonding pattern in helix A of barley LTP due to the presence of Pro 12. Simulations of two variants of barley LTP, namely the single mutant Pro12Val and the double mutant Pro12Val Pro70Val, show that Pro 12 is required for persistent palmitate binding in the LTP cavity. Overall, the work identifies key MD simulation approaches for characterizing the details of protein-ligand interactions in complexes where NMR data provide insufficient restraints.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Ligands', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Palmitates', 'Proline']
| 23,139,016
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['G02.282'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['D10.251.694.600'], ['D12.125.072.401.623']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nonolfactory sensory pathway to the telencephalon in a teleost fish.
|
Pathways conveying lateral-line sensory information within the brain of a bullhead catfish terminate in a localized zone within the telencephalon. Thus, the telencephalon in teleosts, as in amniote species, contains regions that receive specific sensory input. Therefore, this lemniscal organization is not restricted to mammalian or amniote species but is a feature common to most, if not all, vertebrates.
|
['Afferent Pathways', 'Animals', 'Biological Evolution', 'Electricity', 'Fishes', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Smell', 'Telencephalon']
| 7,192,013
|
[['A08.612.220'], ['B01.050'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G01.358.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['A08.186.211.200.885']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-dose Ara-C for remission induction and consolidation of previously untreated adults with ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma.
|
Thirty-two patients with untreated ALL (n = 26) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 6) between 17 and 65 years of age were treated with a short remission induction course with VP16-213, amsacrine, intermediate dose Ara-C for 6 days, prednisone and intrathecal methotrexate, followed by a consolidation course with vincristine, amsacrine, high dose Ara-C for 4 days, prednisone and intrathecal methotrexate. After subsequent cranial irradiation, no further maintenance was planned. However, some patients underwent an allogenic (n = 5) or autologous (n = 5) bone marrow transplantation after the consolidation treatment. Twenty-three of 32 patients (72%) achieved a complete remission. Ten of 13 patients with T-ALL or lymphoma, six of eight patients with pre-B or common ALL, and seven of 11 patients with B-ALL or Burkitt's lymphoma achieved a complete remission. The median duration of remission was 24 months. Overall survival for the whole group was 35% at 5 years. The disease-free survival was 45% at 5 years. Long-term survival for patients with B or T-ALL was approximately 60%, compared with 15% for those with common or pre B-ALL. Short term intensive courses including intermediate or high dose Ara-C during remission and consolidation treatment lead to results comparable to those obtained with long-term maintenance regimens. Our regimen may be sufficient for patients with T or B-ALL. Larger randomized studies are needed to investigate the relative importance of our observations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amsacrine', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cytarabine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prednisone', 'Remission Induction', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Vincristine']
| 7,880,926
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.300.046.250.225'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E02.860'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression during cardiac and skeletal muscle development.
|
The expression of major sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins during cardiac and fast-twitch skeletal muscle development was examined using gene-specific probes. Through the use of S1 nuclease mapping, Northern blot, and RNA slot-blot analysis, sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins were shown to exhibit both narrow tissue specificity and plasticity in their expression during muscle development. In fast-twitch skeletal muscle, the cardiac/slow-twitch isoforms of Ca(2+)-ATPase and calsequestrin were detected at high levels in fetal stages but were gradually replaced by fast-twitch isoforms in adult muscle. In contrast, cardiac muscle expressed exclusively cardiac/slow-twitch isoforms of Ca(2+)-ATPase and calsequestrin at all stages. Both fast-twitch and slow-twitch skeletal muscle expressed the same skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor isoform, whereas cardiac muscle expressed a cardiac isoform. Phospholamban expression was restricted to cardiac and slow-twitch skeletal muscle and did not appear in developing fast-twitch skeletal muscle. During in vitro myogenesis of C2C12 cells, the mRNA transcripts encoding sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins were found to be coordinately induced in synchrony with that of contractile protein mRNA. The myogenic factor "myogenin" induced sarcoplasmic reticulum gene transcripts along with contractile protein mRNAs in nonmyogenic cells. These data suggest that the induction of both sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile protein gene families is under the control of a common myogenic differentiation program.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Calsequestrin', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Heart', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Muscle Development', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscles', 'Myogenin', 'RNA', 'Rabbits', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum']
| 1,372,478
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250'], ['D12.776.157.125.155', 'D12.776.210.500.220'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['A11.251'], ['G05.308'], ['A07.541'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.590', 'G11.427.578.590'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D12.776.210.500.570.600', 'D12.776.260.103.750.600', 'D12.776.930.125.750.600'], ['D13.444.735'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.800', 'D12.776.210.500.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.800'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polarization-induced charge distribution at homogeneous zincblende/wurtzite heterostructural junctions in ZnSe nanobelts.
|
Homogeneous heterostructural wurtzite (WZ)/zincblende (ZB) junctions are successfully fabricated in ZnSe nanobelts. Polarity continuity across the ZB/WZ interface is demonstrated. The saw-tooth-like potential profile induced by spontaneous polarization across the WZ/ZB/WZ interfaces is identified directly at the nanoscale. The polarization-induced charge distribution across the homogeneous heterostructural interfaces is proposed as a viable alternative approach towards charge tailoring in semiconductor nanostructures.
|
['Electrons', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Nanostructures', 'Selenium Compounds', 'Sulfides', 'Zinc', 'Zinc Compounds']
| 22,298,439
|
[['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.810'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940'], ['D01.975']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
N-acetylcysteine reverses cardiac myocyte dysfunction in HIV-Tat proteinopathy.
|
HIV cardiomyopathy remains highly prevalent among the estimated 33 million HIV-infected individuals worldwide. This is particularly true in developing countries. Potential mechanisms responsible for myocardial dysfunction following HIV infection include direct effects of HIV proteins. We have previously reported that cardiac myocyte-specific expression of HIV-Tat (Tat) results in a murine cardiomyopathy model. We now report that Tat exhibits decreased myocardial ATP [wild type (WT) vs. Tat transgenic (TG), P < 0.01] and myocyte GSH levels (WT vs. TG, P < 0.01), decreased GSH/GSSG ratio (WT vs. TG, P < 0.01), increased H(2)O(2) levels (WT vs. TG, P < 0.05), and increased catalase (TG vs. WT, P < 0.05) and GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase 1) activities (WT vs. TG, P < 0.05), blunted cardiac myocyte positive inotropy (% peak shortening, WT vs. TG, P < 0.01; +dl/dt, WT vs. TG, P < 0.01) and negative inotropy (-dl/dt, WT vs. TG, P < 0.01), and blunted inotropic responses to Ca(2+) (P < 0.01, for each) and shortened anatomical and functional survival in vitro (P < 0.01). The sulfhydryl donor, N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 10(-4) M), completely reversed both the positive and negative inotropic defects in Tat; increased GSH (P < 0.01) and GSH/GSSG (P < 0.01); reversed H(2)O(2) level (P < 0.05) and GPX1 activity (P < 0.05); and normalized the blunted inotropic response to Ca(2+) (P < 0.01). NAC (10(-7)) M normalized duration of contractile function from <40 min to >120 min (P < 0.01), with no effect on GSH and GSH/GSSG. NAC (10(-4) M) reverses cardiac myocyte dysfunction and markers of oxidative stress. NAC (10(-7) M) enhances myocyte function independent of changes in glutathione. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the GSH-dependent and GSH-independent salutary effects of NAC should identify novel therapeutic targets for myocardial proteinopathies recently appreciated in human cardiomyopathies.
|
['Acetylcysteine', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Calcium', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Catalase', 'Female', 'Gene Products, tat', 'Glutathione', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'HIV Infections', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oxidative Stress']
| 22,556,393
|
[['D02.886.030.230.259', 'D12.125.166.230.259'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['C14.280.238'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D12.776.260.755.199', 'D12.776.930.900.199', 'D12.776.964.900.750.750', 'D12.776.964.925.984.400'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Spontaneous intrahepatic porto-cava shunt associated with chronic pericarditis. A case report].
|
INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are rare vascular anomalies that consist of a communication between the portal system and the systemic venous circulation. We report a case of a porto-caval shunt associated with chronic pericarditis.CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old patient with post pericarditis cirrhosis and without encephalopathy and hypoglycaemia. The shunt was tubular in its initial segment and aneurismal just before joining the vena cava.DISCUSSION: Spontaneous intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a rare anomaly. Diagnosis can be made by Doppler ultrasound and helical CT.
|
['Aneurysm', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pericarditis, Constrictive', 'Portal Vein', 'Tomography, Spiral Computed', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color', 'Vascular Fistula', 'Vena Cava, Inferior']
| 18,236,819
|
[['C14.907.055'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.720.595'], ['A07.015.908.670.567'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800'], ['E01.370.350.850.850.850.850'], ['C14.240.850.984', 'C14.907.933', 'C23.300.575.950'], ['A07.015.908.949.648']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Emergency appendicectomy: a one year audit.
|
A retrospective study of emergency appendicectomy over a one-year period at Beaumont Hospital was carried out. The overall normal appendicectomy rate was 22.8%, and was twice as high in women (31%) as in men (15%). Gangrenous or perforated appendicitis was present in 20% of cases. The overall mean assessment-surgery interval was 16.7 hours. Considerable variation in the use of antimicrobial agents was noted in the study, and many haematological and radiological investigations performed did not appear to improve diagnostic accuracy. Among patients with clinical features typical of appendicitis, 16% proved to have a normal appendix. These results point to a number of aspects of the diagnosis and management of appendicitis where there appears to be room for future improvement.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Appendectomy', 'Appendicitis', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Utilization Review']
| 1,428,756
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E04.210.078'], ['C01.463.099', 'C06.405.205.099', 'C06.405.469.110.207'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['N04.761.700.250.500', 'N05.700.175.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Non-traditional adipokines in pediatric HIV-related lipodystrophy: a-FABP as a biomarker of central fat accumulation.
|
BACKGROUND: Lipodystrophy characterized by adipose tissue redistribution and lipid and glucose metabolism abnormalities, is common among HIV-infected adults and children on highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy (HAART). In a previous study of HIV-infected children, we did not detect insulin resistance, despite a high percentage of body fat redistribution abnormalities.AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the non-traditional adipokines Retinol-binding-Protein-4 (RBP4), neutrophil-gelatinase-associated-lipocalin (NGAL), a-Fatty-Acid-Binding-Protein (a-FABP) and YKL-40 in HIV-infected children on highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy and evaluate their possible association to lipodystrophic changes or insulin resistance.METHODS: Seventeen vertically HIV-infected children (mean age: 12.5 years, mean duration of HAART: 5.2 years) and 20 age- and BMI-matched controls were recruited. The HIV-children were re-evaluated after 12 months. RBP4, NGAL, a-FABP and YKL-40 were assessed at study entry and 12 months later and were correlated to body fat content and insulin resistance.RESULTS: RBP4 values were similar at study entry and 12 months later in HIV-children and controls and showed no correlation to body fat or insulin resistance. NGAL was lower in HIV children at study entry but normalized after 12 months with no positive correlation to insulin resistance. a-FABP was positively correlated to body fat content, especially to trunk fat, both at initial evaluation and at follow-up in HIV children and, after prolonged highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy, it was also positively correlated to insulin resistance.CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first one to demonstrate that a-FABP could be a useful marker in unraveling central fat accumulation in HIV-infected children on highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
|
['Abdominal Fat', 'Acute-Phase Proteins', 'Adipokines', 'Adiposity', 'Adolescent', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Fat Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1', 'Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Lipocalin-2', 'Lipocalins', 'Lipodystrophy', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma', 'Risk']
| 24,266,781
|
[['A10.165.114.830.500'], ['D12.776.124.050'], ['D06.472.699.042', 'D12.644.276.024', 'D12.644.548.011', 'D12.776.467.024', 'D23.529.024'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062.500', 'G02.111.130.134.500', 'G03.180.134.500', 'G07.100.049.134.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.062', 'G02.111.130.134', 'G03.180.134', 'G07.100.049.134'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D08.811.277.450.207.500', 'D12.776.503.070'], ['D12.776.157.170'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.503'], ['D12.776.124.050.475', 'D12.776.157.469.325', 'D12.776.624.664.700.123'], ['D12.776.157.469'], ['C17.800.849.391', 'C18.452.584.625', 'C18.452.880.391'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.124.698', 'D12.776.124.790.106.745', 'D12.776.157.469.550', 'D12.776.157.700.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.745'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence for a conserved role of retinoic acid in urodele amphibian meiosis onset.
|
Pleurodeles waltl is a urodele amphibian displaying a ZZ/ZW genetic mode of sex determination. Gonad differentiation can later be modulated by hormone treatment. To investigate germ cell differentiation, we analyzed the expression of the meiosis marker PwDmc1 and show that germ cells enter meiosis in late larval life in females, and 2 months after metamorphosis in males. Organotypic cultures of gonad-mesonephros complexes demonstrated that retinoic acid triggers meiosis entry in P. waltl. In vivo analyses of both PwRaldh2 and PwCyp26b1 expressions, the enzymes required for RA synthesis and degradation respectively, indicate that meiosis onset depends on PwCyp26b1 repression in the gonad during normal or steroid-induced sex-reversed development. Taken together, our results show that RA-dependent meiosis entry could be a conserved mechanism of germ cell differentiation in vertebrates and provide evidence for crosstalk between steroid and RA signaling in the course of sex differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 238:1389-1398, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Female', 'Germ Cells', 'Male', 'Meiosis', 'Metamorphosis, Biological', 'Ovary', 'Pleurodeles', 'Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase', 'Sex Determination Processes', 'Signal Transduction', 'Testis', 'Tissue Culture Techniques', 'Tretinoin']
| 19,347,951
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['A05.360.490', 'A11.497'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['G07.345.500.550'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.608.700.540'], ['D08.244.453.498.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.485.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.498.500'], ['G05.813', 'G07.345.500.325.377.812', 'G07.345.750.437', 'G08.686.841.437'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['E05.481.500.617'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818.500', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860.500', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818.800', 'D02.455.849.291.925.500', 'D23.767.261.700.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hybrid facial image feature extraction and recognition for non-invasive chronic fatigue syndrome diagnosis.
|
Due to an absence of reliable biochemical markers, the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) mainly relies on the clinical symptoms, and the experience and skill of the doctors currently. To improve objectivity and reduce work intensity, a hybrid facial feature is proposed. First, several kinds of appearance features are identified in different facial regions according to clinical observations of traditional Chinese medicine experts, including vertical striped wrinkles on the forehead, puffiness of the lower eyelid, the skin colour of the cheeks, nose and lips, and the shape of the mouth corner. Afterwards, such features are extracted and systematically combined to form a hybrid feature. We divide the face into several regions based on twelve active appearance model (AAM) feature points, and ten straight lines across them. Then, Gabor wavelet filtering, CIELab color components, threshold-based segmentation and curve fitting are applied to extract features, and Gabor features are reduced by a manifold preserving projection method. Finally, an AdaBoost based score level fusion of multi-modal features is performed after classification of each feature. Despite that the subjects involved in this trial are exclusively Chinese, the method achieves an average accuracy of 89.04% on the training set and 88.32% on the testing set based on the K-fold cross-validation. In addition, the method also possesses desirable sensitivity and specificity on CFS prediction.
|
['Algorithms', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Eyelids', 'Face', 'Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Skin Aging']
| 26,117,650
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A01.456.505.420.504', 'A09.371.337'], ['A01.456.505'], ['C01.925.330', 'C05.651.310', 'C10.228.440.600', 'C10.668.364'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['L01.399.750'], ['G13.750.804']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Perfectionism in weight-concerned and -unconcerned women: an experimental approach.
|
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of the study was to explore, experimentally, the common clinical observation that anorexics are highly perfectionistic.METHOD: Extremely weight-concerned and control college student subjects (as defined by scores on the Eating Attitudes Test [EAT]) were assigned high or low goals or they selected their own goals in a performance situation. After a series of 10 trials on which personal performance goals were measured, subjects in the high and low goal groups received false feedback indicating success or failure, and mood was measured.RESULTS: High (vs. low) EAT subjects were more likely to persist in accepting an unrealistically high imposed goal, set lower personal goals in the absence of external standards, and were more strongly affected by the feedback.DISCUSSION: Many characteristics of anorexics (including pursuit of thinness) can be accounted for in terms of their strong need for social approval and conformity to external standards.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Body Image', 'Body Weight', 'Creativity', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Feedback', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal-External Control', 'Motivation', 'Personality Assessment', 'Self Concept', 'Socialization']
| 8,859,396
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.400.125'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['F01.752.264', 'F02.463.785.302'], ['F01.393'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.379'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F04.513'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['I01.880.853.934']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Basophilic leukocytes in allergic contact dermatitis.
|
A variety of cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in experimental animals include a prominent infiltrate of basophilic leukocytes. This form of reactivity has been designated cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity and is favored when sensitization to several types of antigen is accomplished without the use of complete Freund's adjuvant. A similar type of hypersensitivity response was sought in man using morphologic techniques which permit identification of basophilic leukocytes. Eight individuals with allergic contact dermatitis to a variety of allergens were studied and six of these developed typical contact reactions with erythema, edema, and epidermal vesicles. The microscopic findings in 3-day biopsies from these individuals differed significantly from classic descriptions of tuberculin hypersensitivity and showed, in addition to mononuclear cells and the characteristic epidermal changes, a substantial infiltrate of basophilic leukocytes and evidence of altered vascular permeability with vascular compaction, dermal edema, and fibrin deposition. Serial biopsies from one individual permitted analysis of the microscopic pathology as it unfolded at successive intervals after patch test. The initial lesion consisted of perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes; this was followed by an influx of basophils and, subsequently, of eosinophils. These findings associate contact allergy in man with the parallel reactions of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity in animals and provide further evidence for the heterogeneity of the cellular immune response. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that interaction between sensitized lymphocytes and antigen, at a local test site, is responsible for the attraction of basophils. They also directly implicate the clotting system in delayed-type reactions and suggest the possibility of a synergistic relationship between cellular immunity and reactions mediated by basophil-bound, homocytotrophic antibody.
|
['Adult', 'Alkenes', 'Basophils', 'Biopsy', 'Catechols', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Edema', 'Eosinophils', 'Fibrin', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Inflammation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Skin', 'Skin Tests']
| 5,060,290
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.326.271'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.166'], ['C17.800.174.255', 'C17.800.815.255'], ['C23.888.277'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['D12.776.124.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.418'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A17.815'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cancer chemopreventive potential of sulforamate, a novel analogue of sulforaphane that induces phase 2 drug-metabolizing enzymes.
|
Chemoprevention involves the use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer. Two dietary components capable of mediating chemopreventive activity in animal models by modulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes are sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, and brassinin, an indole-based dithiocarbamate, both found in cruciferous vegetables. We currently report the synthesis and activity of a novel cancer chemopreventive agent, (+/-)-4-methylsulfinyl-1-(S-methyldithiocarbamyl)-butane (trivial name, sulforamate), an aliphatic analogue of brassinin with structural similarities to sulforaphane. This compound was shown to be a monofunctional inducer of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase [quinone reductase (QR)], a Phase II enzyme, in murine Hepa 1c1c7 cell culture and two mutants thereof. Induction potential was comparable to that observed with sulforaphane (concentration required to double the specific activity of QR, approximately 0.2 microM), but cytotoxicity was reduced by about 3-fold (IC50 approximately 30 microm). In addition, sulforaphane, as well as the analogue, increased glutathione levels about 2-fold in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Induction of QR was regulated at the transcriptional level. Using Northern blotting techniques, time- and dose-dependent induction of QR mRNA levels were demonstrated in Hepa 1c1c7 cell culture. To further investigate the mechanism of induction, HepG2 human hepatoma cells were transiently transfected with QR-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase plasmid constructs containing various portions of the 5'-region of the QR gene. Sulforaphane and the analogue significantly induced (P < 0.0001) CAT activity at a concentration of 12.5 microM by interaction with the antioxidant responsive element (5-14-fold induction) without interacting with the xenobiotic responsive element. Moreover, both compounds significantly induced mouse mammary QR and glutathione S-transferase activity (feeding of 3 mg/mouse intragastric for 4 days), whereas the elevation of hepatic enzyme activities was less pronounced. Both sulforaphane and the analogue were identified as potent inhibitors of preneoplastic lesion formation in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in organ culture (84 and 78% inhibition at 1 microm, respectively). On the basis of these results, the sulforaphane analogue can be regarded as a readily available promising new cancer chemopreventive agent.
|
['Animals', 'Anticarcinogenic Agents', 'Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Female', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Isothiocyanates', 'Liver', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Thiocarbamates', 'Thiocyanates', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,000,567
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.706.018', 'D27.505.954.248.125', 'D27.720.799.018'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.170'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.500.375', 'D02.886.250'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D02.241.081.251.869', 'D02.886.706'], ['D02.262.775', 'D02.886.728'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of hepatitis G virus in liver disease.
|
The prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in liver disease of non-A, -B, -C viral hepatitis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C was determined. Two of 44 patients (4.5%) with liver injury without any hepatitis A, B or C marker were positive for HGV. One of five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma was positive for HGV. One of three cases with fulminant hepatitis was positive for HGV. This case was negative at the onset of fulminant hepatitis and became positive after plasmapheresis. No patient with acute (n=8) or chronic (n=5) hepatitis or liver cirrhosis (n=8) was positive for HGV in non-A, -B, -C liver disease. One of 30 patients with various HBV-positive liver diseases and nine (17.3) of 52 patients with type C liver disease were positive for HGV. In patients with hepatitis C, four (28.6%) of 14 HGV-co-infected patients were complicated with diabetes mellitus compared with four (10.5%) of 38 single hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients (not significant). In 12 HGV-positive patients, eight of 10 (80%) had a history of blood transfusion. In HCV-positive patients, co-infection with HGV was not a risk factor in patients with diabetes mellitus as a complication. HGV appeared to cause non-A, -B, -C hepatitis rarely, and its main route of infection was blood transfusion.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Female', 'Flaviviridae', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Hepatitis, Viral, Human', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies', 'Transfusion Reaction']
| 10,625,323
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C19.246.099'], ['B04.820.578.344'], ['C06.552.380.350'], ['C01.925.440', 'C06.552.380.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950'], ['C15.378.962', 'C20.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Temporal Changes in Concentrations of Lead and Other Trace Metals in Free-Ranging Eurasian Eagle Owls Bubo bubo in Sweden.
|
Patterns of lead and other trace metals were examined in 122 Eurasian eagle owls Bubo bubo found dead in Sweden in the period 1978-2013. Environmental lead (Pb) has decreased over recent decades from reduced anthropogenic emissions but mortality by Pb poisoning is still frequently reported for avian raptors and scavengers exposed to Pb ammunition. One objective here was to determine if Pb concentrations in a nocturnal non-scavenging raptor follow the general decline observed in other biota. Pb concentration in owl liver was significantly correlated with body weight, sex, latitude, longitude and season. Pb showed a significant decreasing trend towards north and west. Starved birds had significantly higher concentrations. Total Pb concentrations in liver averaged 0.179 ìg g-1 dry weight (median 0.103) and decreased by 5.6% per year 1978-2013, or 5.3% after adjustment for confounding factors, similar to trends in other species. Among 14 other trace elements only antimony and arsenic showed decreasing trends. Lead isotope ratios 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb increased from 1.138 and 2.408 in 1978-1985 to 1.170 and 2.435 in 2010-2013, respectively, demonstrating that the decreasing Pb concentration in eagle owl is related to the phase-out of leaded gasoline in Europe, where Pb additives had much lower isotope ratios than natural lead in Swedish soils. Only one incidence of suspected Pb poisoning (40.7 ìg g-1 in liver) was observed indicating that poisoning from ingestion of metallic lead is rare (< 1%) in eagle owl in Sweden, in contrast to what has been reported for eagles.
|
['Animals', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Isotopes', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Metals', 'Strigiformes', 'Sweden', 'Trace Elements']
| 31,312,864
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.888.284'], ['D01.496'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C25.723.522.750'], ['A03.620'], ['D01.552'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.815.550'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Retraction and remodeling of rod spherules are early events following experimental retinal detachment: an ultrastructural study using serial sections.
|
PURPOSE: To describe changes induced by retinal detachment in the ultrastructure and organization of rod terminals and their connections with B-type horizontal cell (HC) axon terminals and rod bipolar cell (RB) dendrites.METHODS: Sections from control, 3 day, 7 day, and 28 day detached feline retinas were prepared for confocal immunofluorescence, light microscopy, and electron microscopy (EM). In addition, 100 mum-thick vibratome sections were immunolabeled with markers for photoreceptor terminals, HCs, and RBs. More than 40 rod spherules were studied in 90 nm-thick serial sections by transmission EM to greater detail changes in their ultrastructure and innervation.RESULTS: Following retinal detachment, many rod terminals retracted varying distances toward their respective cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). In retinas detached for 1 to 4 weeks, an altered synaptic vesicle population and associated ribbons were found in all retracting terminals. Many rod somata in the distal ONL seemed to lack synaptic terminal structures altogether. In a retina detached for 1 week, EM showed that less than half of the retracted terminals remain in contact with RB dendrites. In contrast, almost every surviving spherule was contacted by neurite outgrowths from the axon terminals of the B-type HC. Although retracted spherules had several presynaptic structures similar to those in normal retina, numerous changes occurred in their overall synaptic architecture. The spherule's invagination was shallower, contained fewer postsynaptic processes, and often had "opened," allowing swollen HC processes apposing the synaptic ribbon to directly contact other processes of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) neuropil. Whereas in normal cat retina each HC "lobe" comes from a different axon terminal system, after detachment, the opposing lateral elements can stem from the same terminal. The innervating RB dendrites that branched off stout RB dendritic trunks that extended up into the ONL were thinner than normal, unbranched, often electron dense, and lacked organelles. When present, most merely lay adjacent to retracting spherules rather than enter any synaptic invagination that might still occur.CONCLUSIONS: Immunocytochemistry enabled RB and HC neurites to appear postsynaptic to retracted rod terminals. However, at the ultrastructural level, HCs seemed to more consistently retain connection with the retracted spherules than the RBs. The highly conserved architecture of the rod spherule was lost as the invagination opened and postsynaptic contacts became fewer. It would seem that the lack of RB central elements as well as the drastic alterations in the architecture of most retracted terminals would necessarily alter the physiology of this complex synapse.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Models, Biological', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells', 'Synaptic Potentials']
| 19,137,070
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['C11.768.648'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650'], ['G04.580.887', 'G07.265.675.887', 'G07.265.880.750', 'G11.561.570.918', 'G11.561.830.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stratification in nonparametric ROC studies.
|
In many clinical experiments it is clear that external factors can affect the performance of diagnostic tests as these factors influence the distributions of separator variables. The authors investigate how stratification of cases and/or controls can be used in nonparametric received operating characteristic (ROC) studies, and develop statistical methods using stratification. The method can be used to simultaneously assess the ability of a diagnostic marker against several types of controls or cases. This allows a new method for the assessment of diagnostic tests.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Biometry', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Coronary Disease', 'Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Statistical', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'ROC Curve']
| 8,086,598
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E01'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Tobacco smoking contributes little to facial wrinkling.
|
BACKGROUND: The potential detrimental effects of tobacco smoking have been widely cited. Tobacco smoking has been linked with facial wrinkling, but some previous studies have failed to take into account a number of potential confounders or were unblinded and thus subjective to bias.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine if there was increased facial wrinkling in smokers directly associated with tobacco usage after controlling for solar risk behavior.SUBJECTS: Eighty-two smokers (> 10 cigarettes per day) and 118 non-smokers (< 100 lifetime cigarettes) were recruited. Caucasian participants completed a questionnaire designed to assess demographic variables and other suspected factors related to wrinkling.METHODS: Three dermatologists, blinded to demographic information, reviewed three photographs of each subject and rated the wrinkling on a 100 mm visual analog scale. Stepwise linear regression was performed on all variables which attained a P < 0.1 level of independent significance.RESULTS: Overall the model accounted for 75.4% (P = 0.0001) of the variance in wrinkling, and predictive variables (P < or = 0.02) included age (partial R2 = 0.69), smoking pack years (R2 = 0.04), hours of outdoor work (R2 = 0.008), freckling (R2 = 0.007), and eye color (R2 = 0.004). A second model was created excluding age which accounted for 37.8% of the variance. The predictive variables in the second model (P < 0.08) included education (partial R2 = 0.08), smoking pack years (R2 = 0.05), hours of outdoor work (R2 = 0.03), weight change (R2 = 0.02), female sex (R2 = 0.02), hours of lifetime sun (R2 = 0.03), tanning bed use (R2 = 0.01), and sunscreen use (R2 = 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Smoking may significantly contribute to facial wrinkling, but accounts for only 6% of the explained variance. If there is a role for tobacco smoking in causing wrinkling, this role is a minor one.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Bias', 'Body Weight', 'Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic', 'Educational Status', 'Eye Color', 'Face', 'Female', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Melanosis', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sex Factors', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Skin Aging', 'Smoking', 'Sunlight', 'Sunscreening Agents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 10,343,942
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['N05.715.350.240', 'N06.850.490.718'], ['N01.824.196'], ['G14.340', 'G16.690.360'], ['A01.456.505'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['C17.800.621.430.530'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.722'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['G13.750.804'], ['F01.145.805'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['D27.505.696.706.776.800', 'D27.505.954.444.695', 'D27.720.269.800', 'D27.720.799.763.764'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Dynamic magnetic fields remote-control apoptosis via nanoparticle rotation.
|
The ability to control the movement of nanoparticles remotely and with high precision would have far-reaching implications in many areas of nanotechnology. We have designed a unique dynamic magnetic field (DMF) generator that can induce rotational movements of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). We examined whether the rotational nanoparticle movement could be used for remote induction of cell death by injuring lysosomal membrane structures. We further hypothesized that the shear forces created by the generation of oscillatory torques (incomplete rotation) of SPIONs bound to lysosomal membranes would cause membrane permeabilization, lead to extravasation of lysosomal contents into the cytoplasm, and induce apoptosis. To this end, we covalently conjugated SPIONs with antibodies targeting the lysosomal protein marker LAMP1 (LAMP1-SPION). Remote activation of slow rotation of LAMP1-SPIONs significantly improved the efficacy of cellular internalization of the nanoparticles. LAMP1-SPIONs then preferentially accumulated along the membrane in lysosomes in both rat insulinoma tumor cells and human pancreatic beta cells due to binding of LAMP1-SPIONs to endogenous LAMP1. Further activation of torques by the LAMP1-SPIONs bound to lysosomes resulted in rapid decrease in size and number of lysosomes, attributable to tearing of the lysosomal membrane by the shear force of the rotationally activated LAMP1-SPIONs. This remote activation resulted in an increased expression of early and late apoptotic markers and impaired cell growth. Our findings suggest that DMF treatment of lysosome-targeted nanoparticles offers a noninvasive tool to induce apoptosis remotely and could serve as an important platform technology for a wide range of biomedical applications.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Apoptosis', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Ferric Compounds', 'Humans', 'Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1', 'Lysosomes', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Nanoparticles', 'Rats', 'Rotation']
| 24,597,847
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D01.490.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.550.500', 'D12.776.395.550.625.449', 'D12.776.543.550.527.500', 'D12.776.543.550.625.449', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.554'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['G01.358.750'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G01.482.703']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multiple intracellular signaling pathways orchestrate adipocytic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells.
|
Bone marrow adipocyte formation plays a role in bone homeostasis and whole body energy metabolism. However, the transcriptional landscape and signaling pathways associated with adipocyte lineage commitment and maturation are not fully delineated. Thus, we performed global gene expression profiling during adipocyte differentiation of human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSCs) and identified 2,589 up-regulated and 2,583 down-regulated mRNA transcripts. Pathway analysis on the up-regulated gene list untraveled enrichment in multiple signaling pathways including insulin receptor signaling, focal Adhesion, metapathway biotransformation, a number of metabolic pathways e.g. selenium metabolism, Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, fatty acid, triacylglycerol, ketone body metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and catalytic cycle of mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOs). On the other hand, pathway analysis on the down-regulated genes revealed significant enrichment in pathways related to cell cycle regulation. Based on these data, we assessed the effect of pharmacological inhibition of FAK signaling using PF-573228, PF-562271, and InsR/IGF-1R using NVP-AEW541 and GSK-1904529A on adipocyte differentiation. hMSCs exposed to FAK or IGF-1R/InsR inhibitors exhibited fewer adipocyte formation (27-58% inhibition, P<0005). Concordantly, the expression of adipocyte-specific genes AP2, AdipoQ, and CEBPá was significantly reduced. On the other hand, we did not detect significant effects on cell viability as a result of FAK or IGF-1R/InsR inhibition. Our data identified FAK and insulin signaling as important intracellular signaling pathways relevant to bone marrow adipogenesis.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Adipogenesis', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Signal Transduction']
| 29,298,881
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['G04.152.149'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Brain activity assessed with PET during recall of word lists and narratives.
|
This study investigated the functional neuroanatomy involved in retrieval of structured versus unstructured verbal information. We compared cerebral blood flow using PET with the [15O]water method while subjects engaged in recall of novel and practised narratives and lists of unrelated words. Left orbital frontal cortex was activated during recall of both novel and practised unrelated words. Right parietal cortex was relatively more active during recall of the novel word list. Right orbital frontal cortex and anterior cingulate were relatively more active during recall of the practised but not the novel word list. These results are consistent with the role of left orbital frontal cortex in retrieval of unstructured verbal information. Right orbital frontal activity suggests that cognitive strategies may be involved in retrieval of well-practised words.
|
['Adult', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Reference Values', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Verbal Learning']
| 9,331,920
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['F02.463.425.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effective fragment potential study of the interaction of DNA bases.
|
Hydrogen-bonded and stacked structures of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine nucleotide base pairs, along with their methylated analogues, are examined with the ab inito based general effective fragment potential (EFP2) method. A comparison of coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple (CCSD(T)) energies is presented, along with an EFP2 energy decomposition to illustrate the components of the interaction energy.
|
['Base Pairing', 'DNA', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Quantum Theory']
| 21,877,717
|
[['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.282'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of vitamin B6 status on psychological distress in a longitudinal study of HIV-1 infection.
|
OBJECTIVE: Inadequate vitamin B6 status has been associated with altered neuropsychiatric function, possibly through its effect on the metabolism of neurotransmitters, including serotonin (5-HT). The present eighteen month longitudinal study evaluated the relationship between vitamin B6 status and psychological distress in HIV-1 infected individuals, controlling for the influence of negative life events, social support and coping style.METHOD: Biochemical measurements of nutritional status, and dietary intake evaluations were obtained in HIV-1 seropositive homosexual men, (at baseline: CDC Stages II and III, n = 70; Stage IVA, IVC2 n = 18) at six month intervals. Alterations in nutrient status (e.g., vitamin B6 adequate to inadequate; inadequate to adequate), were compared with changes in psychological distress, measured by the Profile of Mood States, using a multiple regression analysis.RESULTS: A significant decline in psychological distress was demonstrated with normalization of vitamin B6 status from inadequate to adequate status (p < 0.02). A decrease in psychological distress was also observed with increased tryptophan intake in subjects who were vitamin B6 adequate (p < 0.02).CONCLUSIONS: Significant effects for the nutritional variables remained even when negative life event stressors, social support, and coping style were controlled, suggesting that vitamin B6 status may be an important co-factor in determining level of psychological distress over time in HIV-1 infected individuals.
|
['AIDS Dementia Complex', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Life Change Events', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Nutrition Assessment', 'Social Support', 'Vitamin B 6 Deficiency']
| 7,890,479
|
[['C01.221.250.875.049', 'C01.221.812.640.400.070', 'C01.778.640.400.070', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.049', 'C01.925.813.400.070', 'C10.228.140.380.070', 'C20.673.480.070', 'F03.615.400.050'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458.410'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.308.585', 'N05.715.360.300.560', 'N06.850.505.557', 'N06.850.520.308.585'], ['I01.880.853.500.600'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.901']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair with the New MitraClip XTR System for Acute Mitral Regurgitation Caused by Papillary Muscle Rupture.
|
Treatment of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock due to acute mitral regurgitation related to papillary muscle rupture poses significant challenges, owing to the high risk associated with conventional surgery. We hereby report successful transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair with the new Mitraclip XTR device (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) in a patient with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Although surgical intervention remains the standard of care, the new MitraClip XTR system offers a novel treatment option for patients with papillary muscle rupture by overcoming the anatomic challenges often seen in this pathology.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Papillary Muscles', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 31,604,669
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.230', 'E01.370.350.400.200', 'E01.370.350.850.220.230', 'E01.370.370.380.220.230'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.235', 'E01.370.350.850.220.235', 'E01.370.370.380.220.235'], ['C14.280.470.475'], ['E04.100.376.485', 'E04.650.410', 'E04.928.220.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['A02.633.580.680', 'A07.541.510.619', 'A07.541.704.750'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The rat corticotropin-releasing hormone gene.
|
In this paper we have described the isolation and characterization of the rat corticotropin releasing hormone gene. Nucleotide sequence comparisons with the human CRH gene have demonstrated several interesting regions of homology and suggest that the gene was highly conserved through evolution. Additionally we have demonstrated the tissue-specific expression of the rat CRH gene. The regional distribution of expression parallels previously documented immunocytochemical demonstrations and supports the hypothesis that CRH peptides have multiple roles in different tissues. In the peripheral tissues that express CRH mRNA it will be very interesting to document the specific cell type of synthesis by using combined immunocytochemical and in situ histochemical techniques. Additionally we have described initial studies using gene transfer techniques to examine the cAMP responsiveness of the rat CRH gene. We are presently constructing other fusion genes (CRHCAT plasmids) in order to more carefully localize the DNA sequence in the rat CRH gene which mediates this effect, and compare it to the previously reported cAMP-responsive "consensus sequence." Similarly, we also plan to utilize the CRHCAT constructs to examine regulation of the rat CRH gene by glucocorticoids and several other hormone-mediated regulatory pathways. Through these CAT fusion studies we hope to gain a better understanding of the role of certain conserved sequences in the 5' flanking DNA for transcriptional control of the rat (and human) CRH genes.
|
['Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 2,831,769
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Simple, rapid and efficient transformation of genotype Nisqually-1: a basic tool for the first sequenced model tree.
|
Genotype Nisqually-1 is the first model woody plant with an available well-annotated genome. Nevertheless, a simple and rapid transformation of Nisqually-1 remains to be established. Here, we developed a novel shoot regeneration method for Nisqually-1 using leaf petiole and stem segment explants. Numerous shoots formed in the incision of explants within two weeks. The optimized shoot regeneration medium (SRM) contained 0.03 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.02 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.0008 mg l-1 thidiazuron. Based on this, Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of stem explants was examined using the vector pBI121 that contains the â-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene. Consequently, factors affecting transformation frequency of GUS-positive shoots were optimized as follows: Agrobacteria cell suspension with an OD600 of 0.4, 20 min infection time, 2 days of co-cultivation duration and the addition of 80 µM acetosyringone into Agrobacteria infective suspension and co-cultivation SRM. Using this optimized method, transgenic plantlets of Nisqually-1 - with an average transformation frequency of 26.7% - were obtained with 2 months. Southern blot and GUS activity staining confirmed the integration of the foreign GUS gene into Nisqually-1. This novel transformation system for Nisqually-1 was rapid, efficient, and simple to operate and will improve more genetic applications in this model tree.
|
['Agrobacterium tumefaciens', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Genome, Plant', 'Genomics', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Shoots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Regeneration', 'Transformation, Genetic', 'Trees']
| 28,572,673
|
[['B03.440.400.425.700.024.050', 'B03.660.050.662.024.500'], ['G05.360.337'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A18.024.875'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G16.762'], ['G05.728.865'], ['B01.650.915']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Usefulness of imaging studies in prostate cancer: Analysis of 241 patients].
|
BACKGROUND: The role of staging studies in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) is a topic of discussion.AIM: To evaluate the usefulness of imaging studies in patients with prostate cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the pathology service records to identify patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. We reviewed the electronic medical records of those patients identified as having a prostate cancer. Patients were grouped according Damicos classification of cancer dissemination risk. We analized the frequency of imaging studies requested and their efficacy to detect metastases in each risk group.RESULTS: We identified 241 patients with a mean age of 67 years. Fifty two percent of patients were classified as low-risk, 32% as intermediate-risk and 16% as high risk. At least one imaging study was requested to 64% of patients (49, 78 and 87% of patients with low, intermediate and high risk respectively). Among the 155 patients in whom an imaging study was requested, no metastases were found in the low risk group. On the other hand, dissemination was found in 7% of the intermediate-risk group and 62% of the high-risk group.CONCLUSIONS: Half of patients with prostate cancer were classified as low risk. In half of this group of low risk patients, staging studies were requested and the probability of detecting metastases was low or nil. The odds of detecting metastases increased in higher risk groups.
|
['Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment']
| 28,898,333
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Airway remodeling and inflammation in competitive swimmers training in indoor chlorinated swimming pools.
|
BACKGROUND: Airway disorders are common in regular chlorinated swimming pool attendees, particularly competitive athletes, but the impact of intense swimming training on airway function and structure remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate airway inflammation and remodeling in elite swimmers.METHODS: Twenty-three elite swimmers were tested during off-training season. All had exhaled nitric oxide measurement, methacholine test, eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea challenge, allergy skin prick tests, and bronchoscopy with bronchial biopsies. Clinical data and tissues from 10 age-matched mild-asthmatic and 10 healthy nonallergic subjects were used for comparison.RESULTS: Swimmers had increased airway mucosa eosinophil and mast cell counts than did controls (P < .05). They had more goblet cell hyperplasia and higher mucin expression than did healthy or asthmatic subjects (P < .05). A greater submucosal type I and III collagen expression and tenascin deposition was also observed in swimmers than in controls (P < .05). Neither exhaled nitric oxide nor airway responsiveness to methacholine or eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea challenge correlated with these inflammatory and remodeling changes.CONCLUSION: Intense, long-term swimming training in indoor chlorinated swimming pools is associated with airway changes similar to those seen in mild asthma, but with higher mucin expression. These changes were independent from airway hyperresponsiveness. The long-term physiological and clinical consequences of these changes remain to be clarified.
|
['Airway Remodeling', 'Allergens', 'Asthma', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchial Provocation Tests', 'Bronchoconstrictor Agents', 'Cell Count', 'Chlorine', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Mucins', 'Neutrophils', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Skin Tests', 'Spirometry', 'Swimming', 'Swimming Pools', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Young Adult']
| 22,196,771
|
[['C23.300.017', 'G09.772.029'], ['D23.050.063'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['A04.411.125'], ['E01.370.386.700.125'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.100', 'D27.505.954.796.170'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['D12.776.395.560.631'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890'], ['E01.370.386.700.750'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500'], ['J03.925.830'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Pathogenesis of diabetic lesions of the myocardium].
|
On the basis of both literature data and their own observations, the authors suggest the identification of various forms of diabetic cardiopathy in relation to the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of this complication. The microangiopathic form of diabetic cardiopathy develops as a result of cardiac diabetic microangiopathy. Vegetoneuropathic cardiopathy arises secondary to the impairment of the cardiac performance neural regulation associated with damage to the parasympathetic and/or sympathetic innervation of the heart secondary to diabetic vegetoneuropathy. Diabetic metabolic cardiopathy is induced by diabetic disorders in myocardial metabolism. A combined form of diabetic cardiopathy results from the combined lesion of the heart under the impact of the above specific mechanisms.
|
['Animals', 'Autonomic Nervous System Diseases', 'Cardiomyopathies', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium']
| 6,492,578
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.177'], ['C14.280.238'], ['C19.246.099'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
2-deoxy-D-glucose modulation of T-lymphocyte reactivity: differential effects on lymphoid compartments.
|
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of glucoprivation, as induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) administration, on lymphocyte mitogen reactivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that a single injection of 2-DG decreased reactivity in both whole-blood and spleen lymphocytes, as determined by mitogenic stimulation to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). However, the suppressed reactivity for the spleen lymphocytes attenuated with repeated injections, but the whole-blood lymphocytes did not show attenuation. Mitogen assessments of lymphocytes obtained from the thymus indicated that a single injection did not induce suppressed reactivity, but repeated injections induced a pronounced suppression of responsiveness. Furthermore, mitogen assessments of mesentery lymph nodes did not show any effect of 2-DG injections. These results corroborate other findings using electric shock as the stressor, namely that different compartments of the immune system are differentially affected by a stressor.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Deoxy Sugars', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Mitogens', 'Organ Specificity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Thymus Gland']
| 3,266,559
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D09.254'], ['D09.254.229'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['G07.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence and predictors of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in cardiac surgery in the era of aggressive thromboprophylaxis.
|
BACKGROUND: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a well-known complication of surgery but its significance in cardiac surgery is not well defined. We reviewed the results of a prospective observational protocol for repeated postoperative lower extremity duplex venous scans (DVS) screening starting on postoperative day 3-4 through hospital discharge.METHODS: A total of 1,070 (88%) of the 1,219 overall unique adult cardiac surgery patients at our institution (August 2005 to December 2007) underwent DVS screening. The 149 exclusions included 15 due to early death (1.2%); 39 with a history of preoperative DVT (3.2%) and 93 missed patients (7.6%). All patients underwent maximally aggressive thromboprophylaxis as stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition), and complemented with postoperative clopidogrel in coronary artery bypass grafting patients.RESULTS: A positive DVS (within 30 days of surgery) for at least 1 lower extremity DVT was observed in 139 of 1,070 eligible patients (DVT: 13.0%). Incidence of DVT was similar in coronary artery bypass grafting (118 of 948; 12.4%) and valve (33 of 237; 13.9%) patients. Hemorrhagic complication requiring reexploration occurred in only 19 patients (1.8%) despite thromboprophylaxis. The DVT cohort showed significantly worse operative (in-hospital or <30 days) mortality (DVT: 9 [6.5% vs no DVT: 16 [1.7%];] p < 0.003), postoperative hospital stay (14.4 +/- 12.9 vs 8.3 +/- 7.3 days; p < 0.001), and 30-day hospital readmissions (20.9% vs 10.3%; p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression predictors for developing DVT were increased age (odds ratio [OR; 95% confidence interval = 1.24 (1.07 to 1.41) per 10-year increments]), blood transfusion (OR = 2.24 [1.49 to 3.39]), initial time on the ventilator/prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.02 [1.01 to 1.04] per 10-hour increments), and need for reintubation (OR = 2.57 [1.48 to 4.47]).CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number (13%) of cardiac surgery patients develop otherwise silent DVT despite maximal thromboprophylaxis. Aggressive mechanical and pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in this population appears safe and indicated. Whether routine postoperative DVS screening alters patients' outcomes and is cost effective remains undefined, but should be considered in case of a complicated-prolonged postoperative course.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Ultrasonography', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 20,732,491
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.319.913'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition of purified chicken gizzard smooth muscle ecto-ATPAse by P2 purinoceptor antagonists.
|
Several "specific" inhibitors of P2 purinergic receptors (purinoceptors) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit purified chicken gizzard cell membrane ecto-ATPase. The P2 purinoceptor antagonists tested included suramin, triazine based reactive textile dyes, and non-specific total protein dyes. All inhibited the purified ecto-ATPase, with half maximal inhibition from approximately 20 to 120 microM. Thin layer chromatography purified Cibacron Blue 3GA, also known as Reactive Blue 2, was demonstrated to inhibit immunopure ecto-ATPase with an IC50 of 44 microM. Thus, for the first time, these compounds used to pharmacologically classify the subtypes of P2 purinoceptors are demonstrated to have direct inhibitory effects on purified ecto-ATPase. Therefore, data generated using these compounds on purinoceptors must be interpreted in light of their direct inhibitory effect on the ecto-ATPase found in the same tissues.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Coloring Agents', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Gizzard, Avian', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Suramin', 'Triazines']
| 7,581,008
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A13.853.355'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400.200'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.750', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.750', 'D04.615.638.555.750'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinical study of multiple zonal aganglionosis in long segment Hirschsprung's disease].
|
OBJECTIVE: To discuss pathogeny and diagnosis and management of multiple zonal aganglionosis in Hirschsprung's disease.METHODS: Records of 3 children, aging 5 days, 29 days and 18 months, 3 boys, with multiple zonal aganglionosis in long segment Hirschsprung's disease between 1987-2005 were reviewed retrospectively. Total colectomy and Soave's operations were performed.RESULTS: 3 children were diagnosed HD before surgery, but the convulsive stenosis in distal ileum and proximal ascending colon were detected during surgery. The aganglionic cells in the stenosis gut were confirmed by pathologic diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: The total colon and ileum should be detected carefully during surgery in children with long segment Hirschsprung's disease. It is believed not sound that the neuroblastic cells stop moving from neuroectoderm to gut in early gestation in HD, but it is also believed that some other causes in the course of gestation might interfere the normal growth of the ganglionic cells.
|
['Colon', 'Hirschsprung Disease', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 16,324,319
|
[['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C06.198.439', 'C06.405.469.158.701.439', 'C16.131.314.439'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cleaved lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a detailed retrospective analysis of diagnostic features.
|
Through a global analysis of diagnostic features, the aim was to profile CLL patients with circulating cleaved lymphocytes at diagnosis, a controversial prognostic factor. Although some of them could have been considered today as having Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, all 106 patients of our retrospective series have had CLL treatments. Slide review distinguished seven lymphocyte morphotypes. With minimal a priori assumptions, excluding in particular clinical staging systems, forty-five diagnostic features were analyzed in 37 patients. CORICO (Correlations Iconography), a purely geometric method, deciphered the multidimensional structure of the raw data. Probabilistic monoparametric tests were made on the 106 patients. In ten patients (Binet stages: 3A, 6B, 1C), at least 8% of the lymphocytes were cleaved. Unrelated to the prolymphocytes, this morphotype had neither links with the CD5+CD23+ (9/10 vs 80/86), FMC7+ (5/10 vs 22/62), CD38 (1/7 vs 7/64) markers nor with any major CLL laboratory values; only three links characterized it: no cases of mixed marrow infiltrate (nodular: 1, interstitial: 6, diffuse: 3; ns), a lower percentage of eosinophils (ns), and predominance of CD11c (7/10 vs 20/66, p < 0.02). In conclusion, in contrast to the PLL morphotype, or to the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, which was a strong prognostic factor in this series, an independent detrimental value of the cleaved morphotype has not yet been found. Our study shows that free of modeling constraints, this method makes possible a rapid and objective insight into variable interrelations. If further explored in a prospective study, this approach may contribute to the understanding of discrepancies in the literature.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cell Size', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate']
| 12,002,759
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['G04.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['C04.557.337.428.080.125', 'C15.604.515.560.080.125', 'C20.683.515.528.080.125'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cytologic diagnosis of low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms (low malignant potential and low-grade carcinoma) in the context of the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification.
|
The 1998 World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology (WHO/ISUP) classification of urothelial neoplasms introduced a category called papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (LMP) and separated it from low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (LGPUC), which was thought to yield abnormal cells in cytology specimens. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of urine cytology in diagnosing these lesions. Eighty-six paired transurethral surgical biopsy and corresponding urine cytology specimens representing the spectrum of urothelial papillary lesions were examined. Consensus diagnosis on each biopsy was made, and the distribution was as follows: 16 benign urothelium, 27 LMP, 28 LGPUC, and 15 high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC). This was followed by a blinded independent review of the urine cytology specimens by three observers. Each cytology case was marked as negative, atypical, suspicious, or positive for malignant cells by using previously published cytologic criteria. When the negative and atypical diagnoses were grouped together as "benign" and the suspicious and malignant diagnoses as "malignant," the detection rate of "malignancy" of the lesions was as follows: LMP, 37%; LGPUC, 25%; and HGPUC, 53%. The false positive rate was 6%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 94%. Detection rates of cells that were at least "atypical" were as follows: LMP, 74%; LGPUC, 79%; and HGPUC, 100%. While most of the LMP and LGPUC cases yielded cells that were at least "atypical," there was no significant difference in the distribution of cytologic diagnoses for LMP and LGPUC cases (P > 0.05). Urine cytology in the context of the 1998 WHO/ISUP classification appears to be useful as a screening tool but does not appear to discriminate LMP effectively from LGPUC.
|
['Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Humans', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Urinalysis', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Urine', 'Urothelium', 'World Health Organization']
| 12,672,093
|
[['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['C04.557.470.200.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['A12.207.927'], ['A10.272.850'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Drivers' and cyclists' experiences of sharing the road: incidents, attitudes and perceptions of visibility.
|
This study explored the beliefs and attitudes of cyclists and drivers regarding cyclist visibility, use of visibility aids and crashes involving cyclists and motorists. Data are presented for 1460 participants (622 drivers and 838 cyclists) and demonstrate that there are high rates of cyclist-vehicle crashes, many of which were reported to be due to the driver not seeing the cyclist in time to avoid a collision. A divergence in attitudes was also apparent in terms of attribution of responsibility in cyclist-vehicle conflicts on the road. While the use of visibility aids was advocated by cyclists, this was not reflected in self-reported wearing patterns, and cyclists reported that the distance at which they would be first recognised by a driver was twice that estimated by the drivers. Collectively, these results suggest that interventions should target cyclists' use of visibility aids, which is less than optimal in this population, as well as re-educating both groups regarding visibility issues.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Automobile Driving', 'Bicycling', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Location Directories and Signs', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Social Perception', 'Visual Perception']
| 19,540,966
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I03.125'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.086.339.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[New possibilities of treating acute angioedema caused by C1-inhibitor deficiency].
|
The authors discuss diagnostic difficulties in 12 cases of hereditary angioneurotic edema due to C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH deficiency). Emphasis is on the treatment of the acute attacks with intravenous infusions of C1-inhibitor concentrate (Boehring, West Germany). This proved to be a very efficient and safe therapy, leading to a prompt disappearance of all clinical symptoms. Throughout 12 months following the infusions, indices of the liver function remained within the normal range, and anti-Hbs and anti-HIV tests were negative.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Angioedema', 'Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,637,436
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.079', 'C17.800.862.945.066', 'C20.543.480.904.066'], ['D12.644.861.140', 'D12.776.124.486.274.920.250', 'D12.776.872.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Quantitative assessment of cutaneous erythema].
|
On the basis of general concepts on the objective nature of colour perception and colourimetric tables of the colour atlas special colourimetric rulers were elaborated for the assessment of skin erythema. These rulers can be used for the assessment of experimentally-reproduced common and allergic inflammations of the skin in acute and chronic diseases. The system of assesment take into consideration the experience of the grade characteristics of inflammation of the skin, with the description of erythema with the aid of clear physical colour parameters: brightness (p, %), the wave length (lambda, nm) and the saturation (P,%).
|
['Animals', 'Erythema', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Methods']
| 851,626
|
[['B01.050'], ['C17.800.229', 'C23.888.885.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.581']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stromal progenitor cells from endogenous adipose tissue contribute to pericytes and adipocytes that populate the tumor microenvironment.
|
Epidemiologic studies associate cancer with obesity, but the pathophysiologic connections remain obscure. In this study, we show that obesity facilitates tumor growth in mice irrespective of concurrent diet, suggesting a direct effect of excess white adipose tissue (WAT). When transplanted into mice, adipose stromal cells (ASC) can serve as perivascular adipocyte progenitors that promote tumor growth, perhaps helping explain the obesity-cancer link. In developing this hypothesis, we showed that ASCs are expanded in obesity and that they traffic from endogenous WAT to tumors in several mouse models of cancer. Strikingly, a comparison of circulating and tumor-infiltrating cell populations in lean, and obese mice revealed that cancer induces a six-fold increase of ASC frequency in the systemic circulation. We obtained evidence that ASCs mobilized in this way can be recruited into tumors, where they can be incorporated into blood vessels as pericytes and they can differentiate into adipocytes in an obesity-dependent manner. Extending this evidence, we found that increased tumor vascularization (reflected by changes in tumor vascular morphology and a two-fold increase in vascular density) was associated with intratumoral adipocytes and elevated proliferation of neighboring malignant cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ASCs recruited from endogenous adipose tissue can be recruited by tumors to potentiate the supportive properties of the tumor microenvironment.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Obesity', 'Pericytes', 'Stem Cells', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tumor Microenvironment']
| 23,071,132
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['A07.015.700.750', 'A10.272.491.677', 'A11.710', 'A16.504.660.600'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.329.830'], ['G04.366.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relation between depth of trophoblastic invasion and beta-HCG levels in tubal pregnancies.
|
beta-HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) values of over 2500 I.U./l are associated with higher failure rates for therapy with prostaglandin F2 alpha in tubal pregnancies. The purpose of our study was to ascertain if the 2500 I.U./l limit correlates with histopathology. We therefore compared the pre-operative beta-HCG-values and intraluminal and extraluminal trophoblast growth in tubal pregnancy. Purely intraluminal trophoblast was significantly more frequent in patients of group I (beta-HCG < 2500 I.U./l), while group II patients (beta-HCG > 2500 I.U./l) almost exclusively had extraluminal growth (P = 0.0045). Since the efficacy of prostaglandin F2 alpha therapy depends on intact tubal musculature the correlation of the beta-HCG threshold level with histopathologic findings may explain the high failure rate in patients with beta-HCG values above 2500 I.U./l.
|
['Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human', 'Dinoprost', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy, Tubal', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Trophoblasts']
| 7,541,981
|
[['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.326.125', 'D06.472.699.649.367.125', 'D12.644.548.726.367.125', 'D12.776.780.400.125', 'D23.101.140.325', 'D23.101.175'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.400.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.400.200'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.733.703'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['A11.382.992', 'A16.254.500.766', 'A16.710.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The pharmacokinetics of sertraline excretion into human breast milk: determinants of infant serum concentrations.
|
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to attain a new landmark in the area of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor therapy during lactation by establishing a basis for interpreting infant serum concentrations and for minimizing infant exposure in the absence of treatment-emergent side effects.METHOD: Breast milk and paired maternal and infant sera were collected following maternal treatment with sertraline monotherapy (25-200 mg/day) administered once daily. Sertraline and its major metabolite were measured in breast milk and serum samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (limit of detection = 2 ng/mL).RESULTS: Twenty-six nursing women with DSM-IV major depressive disorder participated in the study; the mean (SD) daily sertraline dose was 123.9 (62.8) mg/day. Fifteen women submitted 182 breast milk samples for analysis of gradient (foremilk to hindmilk) and time course of medication excretion. The milk/plasma ratio was highly variable (range, 0.42-4.81). A significant gradient and time course of excretion for both sertraline (p <.001 for both) and desmethylsertraline (p <.001 for gradient and p <.046 for time course) were observed, with the highest concentrations observed in the hindmilk 8 to 9 hours after maternal ingestion. Mathematical modeling of sertraline and desmethylsertraline excretion revealed that discarding breast milk 9 hours after maternal dose decreased the infant daily dose of sertraline by a mean of 17.1% (1.8%). Twenty-two mother/infant sera pairs were obtained. Sertraline was detectable in 4 infants (18% of sample), and desmethylsertraline was found in 11 infants (50% of sample). The mean (SD) maximum calculated nursing infant dose of sertraline, 0.67 (0.61) mg/day, and desmethylsertraline, 1.44 (1.36) mg/day, represented 0.54% (0.49%) of the maternal daily dose. The maximum infant dose of desmethylsertraline (p <.002) significantly correlated with infant serum desmethylsertraline concentrations (ng/mL). In contrast, maternal daily dose, duration of medication exposure, and infant age and weight at sampling did not correlate with either detectability (< 2 ng/mL vs. > or = 2 ng/mL) or absolute concentrations (ng/mL) in infant serum. No adverse events were reported or documented in any infant.CONCLUSION: These results extend previous studies by demonstrating the utility of breast milk analysis in interpreting infant serum concentrations and minimizing infant exposure.
|
['Breast Feeding', 'Child Development', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lactation', 'Milk, Human', 'Pregnancy', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Sertraline']
| 12,590,627
|
[['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['A12.200.467', 'A12.790.500', 'G07.203.100.700.500', 'G07.203.300.350.525.500', 'J02.200.700.500', 'J02.500.350.525.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['D02.092.705.800', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.845.800', 'D04.615.638.845.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The serum lathosterol to cholesterol ratio, an index of cholesterol synthesis, is not elevated in patients with glomerular proteinuria and is not associated with improvement of hyperlipidemia in response to antiproteinuric treatment.
|
The hypothesis that increased cholesterol synthesis provides a mechanism that contributes to nephrotic syndrome-associated hyperlipidemia is mainly based on experimental evidence. The serum level of the cholesterol precursor, lathosterol (expressed per millimole cholesterol), is a reliable marker of whole-body cholesterol synthesis in normocholesterolemia and primary hypercholesterolemia. Serum lathosterol and lipoprotein levels were measured in 11 moderately hyperlipidemic patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria and 22 matched controls. The proteinuric patients were evaluated before and during three antiproteinuric treatment periods with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition therapy (n = 6) or a low-protein diet (n = 5) alone, in combination, and again as a single treatment. In untreated patients, serum total cholesterol, very-low-density (VLDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apo B), and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels were higher than in controls (P < .01 to P < .001), but the lathosterol to cholesterol ratio tended to be lower in patients (0.99 +/- 0.43 micromol/mmol) as compared with controls (1.29 +/- 0.41 micromol/mmol, P < .10). During combined antiproteinuric treatment, total and VLDL + LDL cholesterol, apo B, and Lp(a) decreased (P < .02 to P < .01), but remained higher than levels in controls. Yet the serum lathosterol to cholesterol ratio changed little and was even lower (P < .05) in treated patients than in controls. Serum total cholesterol (r = -.82, P < .01) and apo B (r = -.84, P < .01) were inversely correlated with serum albumin in untreated patients, whereas the serum lathosterol to cholesterol ratio was not (r = -.01, NS). In the patient group, multiple regression analysis showed that changes in the lathosterol to cholesterol ratio during the study were only related to changes in the dietary polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (P:S) coinciding with the low-protein diet (P < .01). In contrast, the decrease of VLDL + LDL cholesterol, apo B, and Lp(a) was independently related to reduction of proteinuria (P < .02 to P < .001), but not to changes in the lathosterol to cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, the present data, based on the serum lathosterol to cholesterol ratio, do not support the concept that increased cholesterol synthesis plays an important role in the maintenance of human nephrotic syndrome-associated hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, it appears unlikely that the decrease of apo B-containing lipoproteins with antiproteinuric treatment is attributable to inhibition of cholesterogenesis. These findings warrant further documentation of cholesterol synthesis in human nephrotic syndrome by direct methods.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Cholesterol', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Isomerism', 'Proteinuria']
| 8,637,447
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell internalization of the third helix of the Antennapedia homeodomain is receptor-independent.
|
We have recently reported that a 16-amino acid long polypeptide corresponding to the third helix of the DNA binding domain (homeodomain) of Antennapedia, a Drosophila transcription factor, is internalized by cells in culture (Derossi, D., Joliot, A. H., Chassaing, G., and Prochiantz, A.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10444-10450). The capture of the homeodomain and of its third helix at temperatures below 10 degrees C raised the problem of the mechanism of internalization. The present demonstration, that a reverse helix and a helix composed of D-enantiomers still translocate across biological membranes at 4 and 37 degrees C strongly suggests that the third helix of the homeodomain is internalized by a receptor-independent mechanism. The finding that introducing 1 or 3 prolines in the structure does not hamper internalization also demonstrates that the alpha-helical structure is not necessary. The data presented are compatible with a translocation process based on the establishment of direct interactions with the membrane phospholipids. The third helix of the homeodomain has been used successfully to address biologically active substances to the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells in culture (Th?odore, L., Derossi, D., Chassaing, G., Llirbat, B., Kubes, M., Jordan, P., Chneiweiss, H., Godement, P., and Prochiantz, A.(1995) J. Neurosci. 15, 7158-7167). Therefore, in addition to their physiological implications (Prochiantz, A., and Th?odore, L.(1995) BioEssays 17, 39-45), the present results open the way to the molecular design of cellular vectors.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neurons', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Transcription Factors']
| 8,663,410
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.400.124', 'D12.776.660.049', 'D12.776.930.120'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.284.149'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Small-molecule fluorescent probes for specific RNA targets.
|
A method was developed that uses small molecules as fluorescent probes to detect specific mRNAs. In this approach, the fluorescence of fluorophore-quencher conjugates is restored by the binding of an mRNA aptamer tag to the quencher segment of the molecules. The method allows real-time detection of mRNA transcripts in vitro.
|
['Aptamers, Nucleotide', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Molecular Structure', 'Molecular Weight', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 21,412,566
|
[['D13.695.578.424.224'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.494'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Studies on N1-DNCP-N6-lactobionoyl-1,6-hexanediamine--a distinctive monovalent anaphylactogen.
|
N1-DNCP-N6-lactobionoyl-1,6,hexanediamine, which is a potent anaphylactogen when i.v. injected into anti-DNCP sensitized guinea pigs, was shown to be also anaphylactogenic when administered intradermally into guinea pigs passively sensitized by i.v. injection of anti-DNCP antiserum. The compound, which is monohaptenic conjugate with the DNCP group as haptenic part and the carbohydrate moiety as auxiliary group, was found to be unable to precipitate high-titered anti-DNCP antisera. This precludes formation of simple, functionally oligovalent associates. Since many monohaptenic anaphylactogens with various hydrocarbon chains as auxiliary groups do not induce anaphylaxis when given intradermally, the anaphylaxis, demonstrated after intradermal antigen application, allows a biological distinction between the lactobionoyl and similar conjugates, and the hydrocarbon-bearing anaphylactogens.
|
['Animals', 'Disaccharides', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Haptens', 'Immunochemistry', 'Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis']
| 4,077,350
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.698.629.305', 'D09.947.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D23.050.550.480'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.600', 'E05.200.812.871.600', 'E05.478.594.890.600', 'G12.122.754']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Voltage-activated potassium, but not calcium currents in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.
|
The electrophysiological properties of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were characterized using the patch clamp technique. Resting potentials were measured on passing to the whole cell recording configuration and were close to--65 mV in healthy cells. In cell-attached recordings with a high potassium pipette solution, inward single channel currents were observed with zero applied pipette potential. A linear slope conductance of 25 pS was found for a wide range of hyperpolarizing patch potentials and also for depolarizing patch potentials of up to 50-60 mV. A pronounced inward rectification was apparent as no reversal of these currents was seen for larger depolarizations. Whole cell recording in physiological solutions revealed the presence of a hyperpolarization-activated inward current with strong inward rectification and no voltage-dependent ionic current was observed upon depolarization in this subset of cells. Substitution of potassium for external sodium resulted in a shift in the zero current potential consistent with potassium being the main permeant ion. Together with the characteristic voltage-dependent blocking actions of external sodium ions and low concentrations of barium and caesium ions, our results indicate that this current is very similar to the classical inward rectifier as originally described in skeletal muscle and in tunicate eggs. In a second population of cells, a depolarization-activated outward current displaying characteristics of the fast transient A-type potassium current as first reported in molluscan neurones was also observed. No evidence for inward voltage dependent sodium or calcium currents was found.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Ion Channels', 'Membrane Potentials']
| 2,448,738
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
"PROPAGANDISTS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES": THE OVERLOOKED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE CARNEGIE CORPORATION AND SSRC IN THE MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY.
|
The Carnegie Corporation's role as a patron of the behavioral sciences has been overlooked; its support for the behavioral sciences not only began earlier than the Ford Foundation's but was also at least equally important to their success. I show how the close postwar collaboration between the Carnegie Corporation and the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) to promote the behavioral sciences emerged after a struggle between Carnegie and the Rockefeller Foundation over the direction and leadership of the SSRC. I then focus on three postwar projects Carnegie helped conceive and fund that were publicized as the work of the SSRC: Chase's The Proper Study of Mankind (1948), Stouffer et al.'s The American Soldier (), and the Michigan's Survey Research Center 1952 election study. In each of these projects, Carnegie deliberately muted its own role and promoted the remade SSRC as a major advocate for the behavioral sciences.
|
['Behavioral Research', 'Behavioral Sciences', 'Foundations', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Interinstitutional Relations', 'Social Sciences', 'United States']
| 26,938,307
|
[['F04.096.144', 'H01.770.644.108'], ['F04.096'], ['N03.219.483.311', 'N03.540.630.180'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.822.400'], ['F04.096.879', 'I01'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of counter cations of base catalysts on nitrosation mechanisms.
|
Reaction of 2-butanone (1) with tert-butyl nitrite (tert-BuONO) was performed using base catalysts (RO-M+: R=CH3, C2H5; M+=Li+, Na+, K+) in alcohols (CH3OH or C2H5OH). In this report, the effects of M+ of RO-M+ on the nitrosation mechanisms were investigated. The yield of E-hydroxyimino compound (5E) increases much better in the reaction using Na+ or K+ as M+ compared with that using Li+. It is also observed that the yield of 5E increases by addition of crown ether as a cation-capturing agent. The experimental results suggested that under the conditions lowering the effects of M+ of RO-M+ on the nitrosation mechanisms, because the reactivity of naked enolate of I increases and the reaction in the C-N bond formation process tends to proceed via open-chain transition state without M+, the yield of 5E tends to increase.
|
['Catalysis', 'Cations', 'Electrons', 'Ethers, Cyclic', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Nitroso Compounds']
| 11,767,092
|
[['G02.130'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['D02.355.291', 'D04.345.241'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D02.654']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Arsenic removal from flooded paddy soil with spontaneous hygrophyte markedly attenuates rice grain arsenic.
|
China ranks the top in global annual rice output. However, extensive mining and smelting has led to elevated arsenic (As) in paddy soils, potentially imperiling local population health and sustainable rice production in the country. Under flooded condition, reductive As mobilization generally occurs, providing a unique advantage for soil As removal. In this study, we explore the depletion magnitude of labile As from paddy soils through cycling of flooding-drainage with three distinct co-strategies, i.e. (1) no soil disturbance with spontaneously established hygrophyte plants, (2) selective fertilization to enhance soil As release, and (3) soil ploughing following each drainage. After 151 days of flooding with periodic drainage, diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT)-labile As through 0-14 cm soil profile with hygrophyte plants growing decreased from initial 292 ìg l-1 to well below the required threshold level (57-77 ìg l-1) for safe rice production. Correspondingly, an average of 22.9% of total soil As was removed, with up to 76.7% of As bound to amorphous Fe hydroxides being stripped in this treatment. In the following rice cultivation, inorganic As in the polished rice from the naturally vegetated treatment (0.15 mg kg-1) fell successfully below the Chinese food safety standard (0.2 mg kg-1). The results highlight that As removal from paddy soils with native hygrophyte under shallow flooded condition can decrease soil bioavailable As specifically to safe levels within a relatively short period, and thus provides a novel and quite cost-effective pathway securing rice production.
|
['Arsenic', 'Arsenicals', 'China', 'Edible Grain', 'Floods', 'Oryza', 'Soil', 'Soil Pollutants']
| 31,521,815
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['D01.075', 'D02.129'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['A18.024.500.750.500', 'B01.650.160.250', 'B01.650.510.250', 'G07.203.300.300.550', 'G07.203.300.775.500', 'J02.500.300.550', 'J02.500.775.500'], ['G16.500.175.812', 'N06.230.100.230.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D27.888.284.756']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Retrieval activates related words more than presentation.
|
Retrieving information enhances learning more than restudying. One explanation of this effect is based on the role of mediators (e.g., sand-castle can be mediated by beach). Retrieval is hypothesised to activate mediators more than restudying, but existing tests of this hypothesis have had mixed results [Carpenter, S. K. (2011). Semantic information activated during retrieval contributes to later retention: Support for the mediator effectiveness hypothesis of the testing effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(6), 1547-1552. doi: 10.1037/a0024140 ; Lehman, M., & Karpicke, J. D. (2016). Elaborative retrieval: Do semantic mediators improve memory? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 42(10), 1573-1591. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000267 ]. The present experiments explored an explanation of the conflicting results, testing whether mediator activation during a retrieval attempt depends on the accessibility of the target information. A target was considered less versus more accessible when fewer versus more cues were given during retrieval practice (Experiments 1 and 2), when the target had been studied once versus three times initially (Experiment 3), or when the target could not be recalled versus could be recalled during retrieval practice (Experiments 1-3). A mini meta-analysis of all three experiments revealed a small effect such that retrieval activated mediators more than presentation, but mediator activation was not reliably related to target accessibility. Thus, retrieval may enhance learning by activating mediators, in part, but these results suggest the role of other processes, too.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Association', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Repetition Priming', 'Semantics', 'Word Association Tests', 'Young Adult']
| 29,571,266
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.425.069', 'F04.754.720.346'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['F02.463.425.540.739'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F04.711.647.905'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of dog-assisted intervention on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.
|
AIM: To evaluate the effect of a dog-assisted intervention on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of residents with dementia during a six-month period.METHOD: The study was conducted in eight nursing homes in Sweden. A total of 33 residents with dementia, 20 in the intervention group and 13 in the control group, were recruited. The Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) and the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS) were used to assess the effects of a dog-assisted intervention on participants' behavioural and psychological symptoms. The intervention comprised ten sessions, lasting between 45 and 60 minutes, once or twice a week. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse background data, comparisons between groups at baseline were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test differences in groups over time.RESULTS: In the intervention group changes from baseline to follow up immediately after the intervention were not significant, possibly because of the small sample size. Some positive tendencies were observed: the CMAI mean score for physical non-aggressive behaviours decreased from 18.5 at baseline to 15.3 at follow up immediately after the intervention; lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. Mean and median MDDAS scores for behavioural symptoms decreased from 15.3 and 13.5 respectively at baseline to 13.1 and 12.0 respectively at follow up immediately after the intervention; lower scores indicate fewer symptoms. The CMAI mean score for verbal agitation increased significantly (P=0.035) from 17.2 at baseline to 20.6 at follow up six months after the intervention.CONCLUSION: Dog-assisted intervention may provide an alternative or a complement to pharmacological treatments to reduce behavioural symptoms in people with dementia, but its value and place in care require further evaluation.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Animal Assisted Therapy', 'Animals', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Dementia', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Human-Animal Bond', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Homes', 'Sweden']
| 24,673,326
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.083', 'E02.779.124', 'F04.754.017'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['F01.145.496.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.825.610'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
SOCS-1 Suppresses Inflammation Through Inhibition of NALP3 Inflammasome Formation in Smoke Inhalation-Induced Acute Lung Injury.
|
Smoke inhalation leads to acute lung injury (ALI), a devastating clinical problem associated with high mortality rates. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is a negative regulator of proinflammatory cytokine signaling. We have found that adenoviral gene transfer of SOCS-1 ameliorates smoke inhalation-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice. We also found that the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was increased post smoke exposure, while oxidized ATP, an inhibitor of purinergic P2X7 receptor, suppressed smoke-induced NALP3 inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and K+ efflux. Similar to oxidized ATP, high protein level of SOCS-1 dampened the formation of NALP3 inflammasome and the activation of caspase-1 and IL-1â induced by smoke exposure in mouse alveolar macrophages. In conclusion, SOCS-1 relieves smoke inhalation-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury by inhibiting NALP3 inflammasome formation.
|
['Acute Lung Injury', 'Animals', 'Inflammasomes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein', 'Pneumonia', 'Smoke', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein', 'Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins']
| 29,907,905
|
[['C08.381.520.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D05.500.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.644.360.539.250'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['D20.633.937'], ['D12.644.360.024.374.500', 'D12.776.157.057.249.500', 'D12.776.476.024.437.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.374', 'D12.776.157.057.249', 'D12.776.476.024.437']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interlaboratory evaluation of the C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation assay.
|
The C3H/10T1/2 transformation assay was evaluated for its responsiveness and interlaboratory reproducibility. Two laboratories participated in this study and tested a series of 46 chemicals. The majority of these chemicals were tested under code. Of the 46 chemicals tested, seven were determined to be active in both laboratories, and 14 were determined to be inactive. When the total number of chemicals is adjusted for assays considered "no test" in either one or both laboratories as well as for tests of chemicals yielding positive results in only one laboratory, reproducible responses were obtained for 21/35, or 60%, of the chemicals tested.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Fibroblasts', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H']
| 3,383,839
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perceived racial discrimination in health care: a comparison of Veterans Affairs and other patients.
|
OBJECTIVES: We compared rates of perceived racial discrimination in health care settings for veteran and nonveteran patients and for veterans who used the Veterans Affairs health care system and those who did not.METHODS: Data were drawn from the 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We used logistic regression to examine whether perceived racial discrimination in health care was associated with veteran status or use of Veterans Affairs health care, after adjusting for patient characteristics.RESULTS: In this sample of 35,902 people, rates of perceived discrimination were equal for veterans and nonveterans (3.4% and 3.5%, respectively; crude odds ratio [OR] = 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.28; adjusted OR = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.66, 1.28). Among veterans (n = 3420), perceived discrimination was more prevalent among patients who used Veterans Affairs facilities than among those who did not (5.4% vs 2.7%; OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.04, 4.18). However, this difference was not significant after adjustment for patient characteristics (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 0.54, 3.13).CONCLUSIONS: Perceived racial discrimination in health care was equally prevalent among veterans and nonveterans and among veterans who used the Veterans Affairs health care system and those who did not.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prejudice', 'United States', 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'Young Adult']
| 19,443,818
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.149', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.149', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.149'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F01.145.813.550', 'F01.829.595'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.700', 'N03.540.348.500.500.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Efficacy of Seprafilm® in abdominal surgery for ventriculoperitoneal shunt malfunction: a report of two pediatric cases.
|
Temporary external drainage with adequate antibiotic treatment followed by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt reinsertion is necessary to treat VP shunt malfunction with infection. In surgeries for VP shunt reinsertion, the key factors that determine whether the reinserted VP shunt will function sufficiently are adequate adhesiolysis and safe placement of the VP shunt within a satisfactory peritoneal location. Based on these factors, the prevention of postoperative adhesions after surgery for VP shunt malfunction is very important. We present two cases of shunt malfunction related to infection and report their successful treatment using Seprafilm®. Seprafilm may improve the safety of VP shunt reinsertion and preserve the function of the reinserted VP shunt after VP shunt malfunction with infection.
|
['Abdominal Cavity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Reoperation', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt']
| 22,041,544
|
[['A01.923.047.025'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['E04.690'], ['C23.550.355.274.840'], ['E04.035.188.850', 'E04.525.170.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Elimination of poisons].
|
Therapeutic methods for treating poisoned men are based on the principles of intensive care therapy. The elimination of toxins depends on the circulatory circumstances; an enhancement of poison elimination can be achieved in providing a normal circulation. In the treatment of most cases of poisoning gastric and gut lavage will be sufficient. An extracorporeal toxin elimination with hemodialysis or hemoperfusion will be reserved for special cases, because of increased technical and personal expense and a higher complication rate, compared to other methods of treatment in poisoning. Forced diuresis is a simple method, but the efficacy is reduced to a small number of substances. Also reduced to certain toxins is the method of elimination with hyperventilation.
|
['Bicarbonates', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Electrolytes', 'Furosemide', 'Gastric Lavage', 'Hemoperfusion', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mannitol', 'Poisoning', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Respiratory Therapy']
| 6,818,774
|
[['D01.200.275.150.100', 'D01.248.497.158.165.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D01.248'], ['D02.065.884.725.300', 'D02.092.146.807.300', 'D02.886.590.700.725.300'], ['E05.927.441'], ['E02.870.244', 'E02.912.430', 'E04.292.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['C25.723'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E02.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thermodynamic role of the pro region of the neurophysin precursor in neurophysin folding: evidence from the effects of ligand peptides on folding.
|
Attention has focused recently on the role of amino-terminal precursor pro regions in protein folding, with particular emphasis on their effects on folding kinetics. We examined the kinetic and thermodynamic effects of ligand peptides on the folding of neurophysin from the reduced state; these peptides serve as analogs of the pro regions of the common precursors of the neurophysins and the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. Folding of reduced, mononitrated bovine neurophysin-II was monitored by circular dichroism in a glutathione redox buffer. The results confirmed the ability of neurophysin to fold to a limited extent (20-25% in this system) in the absence of ligand peptides. Ligand peptides increased the efficiency of folding to 100%, the exact efficiency being dependent on peptide identity and concentration. However, the rate of folding was peptide-independent. Analysis of the folding reaction demonstrated relatively rapid conversion of the reduced state to a disulfide-scrambled state, which slowly converted (half-life of 5 h at pH 7.3) to the folded state. Native unliganded neurophysin also equilibrated with the disulfide-scrambled state in the same redox buffers. For each peptide, an equilibrium constant for the folding reaction, representing the amount of peptide bound in the folding system as a function of peptide concentration, was calculated. Comparison of this constant with the intrinsic binding constants of the native protein allowed the derivation, under conditions at or approaching thermodynamic reversibility, of the relative stability of the native and disulfide-scrambled states. The results indicate that the scrambled state, which probably represents the presence of incorrect disulfide pairs in both protein domains, is more stable than the native unliganded state by approximately 1 kcal/mol in this system. The role of ligand peptide therefore is to stabilize the folded protein after it is formed, i.e., it provides a thermodynamic sink. The results contrast with the putative behavior of exogenous peptides representative of the pro regions of subtilisin and alpha-lytic protease, which are generally considered to facilitate folding by reaction with folding intermediates. A potential alternative view of the role of propeptides in protease folding is suggested.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Disulfides', 'Glutathione', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Ligands', 'Neurophysins', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protein Folding', 'Protein Precursors', 'Thermodynamics']
| 8,547,267
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D12.644.400.525', 'D12.776.157.597', 'D12.776.631.650.525'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.811'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Co-delivery of siRNA and etoposide to cancer cells using an MDEA esterquat based drug delivery system.
|
Cancer has become the leading cause of death in many countries. Chemotherapy is a key component in the treatment of most cancers but has limited efficacy if the cancer develops resistance to the treatment over time and recur. RNA interference may be used to reduce the production of the proteins responsible for chemotherapeutic resistance. Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) may be used to induce RNA interference but the application of these to cancer cells is hampered by poor serum stability and delivery to their cytoplasmic site of activity. This work introduces a novel nanoparticle delivery system for siRNA and hydrophobic anticancer drugs. The system is based on a cationic MDEA esterquat, which is widely and safely used in personal care products but has never been assessed for drug delivery applications. We show that MDEA forms spherical compact nanoparticles when combined with siRNA that delivers the siRNA to cancer cells where it induces gene silencing. By combining DOPE and MDEA in ratios of 2:1 and 3:1, even higher gene silencing levels (>90%) may be achieved. The system is capable of combinational therapy by co-delivering siRNA and the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide to cancer cells and these particles both induce gene silencing and chemotherapy induced cell death. We believe the present system may be used for intra-tumoral injection of chemotherapy in solid chemotherapy resistant tumors and for systemic delivery with further development.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Etoposide', 'Gene Silencing', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 30,409,750
|
[['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative, noninvasive assessment of antidiarrheal actions of codeine using an experimental model of diarrhea in man.
|
Enteric coating of a capsule has been used to deliver a bolus of radioisotope to the ileocecal region. This has allowed quantitative assessment of regional colonic transit in a group of healthy subjects whose proximal colonic transit was accelerated by lactulose 20 ml thrice daily. In this experimental model of diarrhea, codeine delayed transit from mouth to terminal ileum and also delayed transit through the ascending colon from 5.3 +/- 2.5 hr to 7.4 +/- 2.5 hr, N = 11, P < 0.05. Furthermore, codeine delayed whole colon transit, as assessed by geometric center analysis, which showed the delay to be most marked in the right colon with little effect noted in the left colon. In addition, codeine significantly reduced the number of retrograde movements observed and reduced the colonic response to eating. The antidiarrheal effect of codeine appears to be due to a combination of delayed mouth-cecum transit plus an additional delay in the ascending colon. This colonic delay may be partially explained by a reduction in postprandial propulsive movements that were seen in this model of diarrhea.
|
['Adult', 'Capsules', 'Codeine', 'Colon', 'Diarrhea', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Humans', 'Lactulose', 'Male', 'Particle Size', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m', 'Tablets, Enteric-Coated', 'Time Factors']
| 8,389,688
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D26.255.150'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.149', 'D03.605.497.607.204', 'D03.633.400.686.607.204', 'D04.615.723.795.576.149'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.629.305.423', 'D09.947.750.423'], ['G02.712'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D01.925.800'], ['D26.255.210.860', 'D26.255.830.860'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Adsorptive refolding of a highly disulfide-bonded inclusion body protein using anion-exchange chromatography.
|
alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a prospective biopharmaceutical candidate currently undergoing advanced-stage clinical trials for autoimmune indications. The high AFP expression yields in the form of inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli renders the inclusion body route potentially advantageous for process scale commercial manufacture, if high-throughput refolding can be achieved. This study reports the successful development of an 'anion-exchange chromatography'-based refolding process for recombinant human AFP (rhAFP), which carries the challenges of contaminant spectrum and molecule complexity. rhAFP was readily refolded on-column at rhAFP concentrations unachievable with dilution refolding due to viscosity and solubility constraints. DEAE-FF functioned as a refolding enhancer to achieve rhAFP refolding yield of 28% and product purity of 95% in 3h, at 1mg/ml protein refolding concentration. Optimization of both refolding and chromatography column operation parameters (i.e. resin chemistry, column geometry, redox potential and feed conditioning) significantly improved rhAFP refolding efficiency. Compared to dilution refolding, on-column rhAFP refolding productivity was 9-fold higher, while that of off-column refolding was more than an order of magnitude higher. Successful demonstration that a simple anion-exchange column can, in a single step, readily refold and purify semi-crude rhAFP comprising 16 disulfide bonds, will certainly extend the application of column refolding to a myriad of complex industrial inclusion body proteins.
|
['Adsorption', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Disulfides', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Inclusion Bodies', 'Protein Folding', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'alpha-Fetoproteins']
| 19,419,725
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.420'], ['G01.154.651', 'G02.111.688'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.092', 'D12.776.320.525.500', 'D12.776.377.228.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.092', 'D23.101.140.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Advanced psychotherapy training: psychotherapy scholars' track, and the apprenticeship model.
|
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Guided by ACGME's requirements, psychiatric residency training in psychotherapy currently focuses on teaching school-specific forms of psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive-behavioral, supportive, and psychodynamic psychotherapy). On the basis of a literature review of common factors affecting psychotherapy outcomes and experience with empirically supported and traditional psychotherapies, the authors aimed to develop an advanced contemporary and pragmatic approach to psychotherapy training for eight residents (two per PGY year) enrolled in a specialized Psychotherapy Scholars' Track within an adult general-residency program.METHOD: The authors developed core principles and clinical practices, and drafted year-by-year educational goals and objectives to teach the psychotherapy scholars. Based on experiential learning principles, we also developed an individualized form of psychotherapy training, which we call "The Apprenticeship Model."RESULTS: The Psychotherapy Scholars' Track, and "Apprenticeship Model" of training are now in their third year. To date, authors report that scholars are highly satisfied with the structure and curriculum in the track. Trainees appreciate the protected time for self-directed study, mentored scholarship, and psychotherapy rotations. Patients and the Psychotherapy Scholars experience the "Apprenticeship Model" of psychotherapy training as authentic and compatible with their needs and resources.CONCLUSION: The Psychotherapy Scholars' Track developed and piloted in our general psychiatry residency is based on common factors, empirically-supported treatments, and use of experiential learning principles. Whether the Psychotherapy Scholars' Track and "Apprenticeship Model" will ultimately increase residents' psychotherapy skills and positively affect their ability to sustain postgraduate psychotherapy practice in varied settings requires long-term evaluation. The developers welcome empirical testing of the comparative effectiveness of this psychotherapy teaching approach relative to others.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Curriculum', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Pilot Projects', 'Problem-Based Learning', 'Psychiatry', 'Psychotherapeutic Processes', 'Psychotherapy', 'Psychotherapy, Brief', 'Psychotherapy, Psychodynamic']
| 23,820,910
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['I02.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F02.463.425.720', 'I02.158.660', 'I02.903.565'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['F04.754.720'], ['F04.754'], ['F04.754.738'], ['F04.754.775']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin and associated anti-Xa monitoring in patients with morbid obesity: a case series.
|
Our purpose was to describe anti-Xa levels, dosage requirements, and complications associated with enoxaparin treatment doses in patients with morbid obesity. Inpatients with a BMI >40 kg/m(2) at an academic medical center prescribed therapeutic enoxaparin from 2004 to 2010 who also had an associated anti-Xa level were included in this retrospective evaluation. Twenty-six patients were identified having median weight of 162 kg (range 106-243), median BMI of 49.5 kg/m(2) (range 40.1-98.1), and median enoxaparin duration of 4 days (range 1-32). Venous thromboembolism was the most common reason for anticoagulation (n = 19, 73%). The median starting dose was 0.8 mg/kg actual body weight (range 0.51-1; absolute dose 80-150 mg) every 12 h. Twelve patients (46%) achieved a goal anti-Xa level, 10 (38%) were above goal and 4 (15%) were uninterpretable. Among the 10 patients with anti-Xa levels above goal, the median initial dose was 0.85 mg/kg (range 0.75-1) versus 0.74 mg/kg (range 0.51-1) for patients at goal with similar median peak serum creatinine (PSCr) values between these two groups (P > 0.05). No bleeding events occurred in patients achieving goal anticoagulation versus 4/10 (40%) with high anti-Xa levels (P = 0.033) with similar median PSCr between these groups. No thrombotic events occurred while on therapy. The majority in this cohort with morbid obesity achieved anti-Xa levels at or above goal at doses less than the recommended 1 mg/kg every 12 h. Bleeding events were more frequent among patients with anti-Xa levels above goal, despite similar PSCr values.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors', 'Enoxaparin', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Factor Xa Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Venous Thromboembolism']
| 21,465,129
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.113'], ['D09.698.373.400.300.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449.500', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500.500'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['C18.654.726.500.700', 'C23.888.144.699.500.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.907.355.590.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Plasmin-mediated activation of the coagulation system. A study of patients with acute ischemic heart disease treated with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator].
|
We have studied the response of haemostatic reaction products in peripheral blood of patients with acute ischaemic heart disease receiving combined recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator/heparin therapy. We have found evidence that formation of excessive amounts of plasmin in vivo in relation to such therapy significantly enhances the degradation of fibrin, and of fibrinogen as well as the formation of thrombin. We conclude that excessive plasmin formation by thrombolytic therapy causes systemic effects including activation of coagulation.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Fibrinolysin', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']
| 8,009,715
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['G09.188.390.150'], ['D12.776.124.270.300', 'D12.776.811.300.290'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.330', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.319.913'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.875', 'D12.776.124.125.662.768', 'D23.119.970']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of digitonin on hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia induced by high-sucrose intake.
|
This study examined whether high-sucrose intake effects on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance may be inhibited by a single administration of digitonin, a saponin from the seeds of Digitalis purpurea Male Wistar 24 rats were initially divided into two groups (n=12): (C) was given standard chow and water; (S) received standard chow and 30% sucrose in its drinking water. After 30 days of treatments, C rats were divided into two groups (n=6): (CC) given an intra-gastric dose 0.5 mL saline; (CD) given a single intra-gastric dose of 15 mg/kg digitonin. S rats were also divided into two groups (n=6): (SC) given intra-gastric saline and (SD) given digitonin. Rats were sacrificed after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 2 h after the digitonin administration. S rats had higher total energy intake and final body weight than C. SC rats had fasting hyperglycaemia and impaired OGTT. Digitonin in SD group improved the glucose tolerance. Triacylglycerol (TG), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and free fatty acid (FFA) serum concentrations were increased in SD rats from CC. Digitonin in SD rats decreased FFA and led TG and VLDL-C concentrations at the levels observed in the CC group. Despite the enhanced cholesterol in CD group from CC, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was increased in these animals. HDL-C/TG ratio was higher in CD and SD than in CC and SC, respectively. No significant differences were observed in lipid hydroperoxide(LH) between the groups. VLDL-C/LH ratio and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity were increased in SC group and were decreased in SD rats from the SC. In conclusion digitonin enhanced glucose tolerance and had beneficial effects on serum lipids by improve antioxidant activity.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, VLDL', 'Diet', 'Digitonin', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Eating', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Glucose Intolerance', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sucrose', 'Triglycerides', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']
| 16,112,785
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.247', 'D10.532.599.700', 'D10.570.938.208.285', 'D12.776.521.622.700'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.236', 'D09.408.180.261.236'], ['C18.452.584.500'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['G03.295'], ['D10.251.310'], ['C18.452.394.952.500'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.355', 'E01.370.374.355', 'E05.200.124.100.355'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['D10'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['D10.351.801'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
UV-radiation-induced internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor requires distinct serine and tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal domain.
|
The mechanism of UV-radiation-induced EGF receptor (EGFR) internalization remains to be established. In the present study, we found UV-radiation-mediated internalization of the EGFR to be dependent on the cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal region. UV radiation was unable to induce internalization of EGFR carboxy-terminal truncation mutants where all or four of the five major autophosphorylation sites were missing (963- and 1028-EGFR, respectively). Mutational removal of serine residues 1046, 1047, 1057 and 1142 within the carboxy-terminal receptor region was also sufficient to abolish UV-radiation-induced internalization of the EGFR. Furthermore, the UV-radiation-induced internalization was abrogated for an EGFR mutated in tyrosine 1045 (Y1045F), the major c-Cbl binding site. However, UV radiation did not induce phosphorylation at tyrosine 1045, in contrast to the prominent phosphorylation induced by EGF. Our results suggest a mechanism for UV-radiation-induced internalization of EGFR involving a conformational change that is dependent on structural elements formed by specific serine and tyrosine residues in the carboxy-terminal domain.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cytoplasm', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Protein Conformation', 'Protein Transport', 'Serine', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Tyrosine', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 15,161,351
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D12.125.072.050.875'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of a successful biosocial rotation.
|
Efficacy of an eight-week rotation in developmental and behavioral pediatrics for second-year pediatric residents was evaluated. Pretesting and posttesting disclosed that our residents felt more competent with biosocial problems, had more favorable attitudes toward patients with biosocial problems, and had increased factual knowledge in developmental and behavioral pediatrics. When reevaluated 12 to 24 months after rotation as third-year residents (PL-3), they performed better on a factual knowledge test than a PL-3 control group that had not had the rotation. They also felt more competent than the controls in the diagnosis and treatment of children with learning disabilities, hyperactivity, physical handicaps, depression, and gynecologic problems.
|
['Arizona', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Child Care', 'Curriculum', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Pediatrics', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychology, Child']
| 6,637,908
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.760.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['I01.880.787.293.360', 'N02.421.088'], ['I02.158'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['H02.403.670'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.096.628.193']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Deubiquitinating enzyme USP30 maintains basal peroxisome abundance by regulating pexophagy.
|
The regulation of organelle abundance is critical for cell function and survival; however, the mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. In this study, we characterize a role of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP30 in peroxisome maintenance. Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, changing in abundance in response to metabolic stress. In our recent study identifying the role of USP30 in mitophagy, we observed USP30 to be localized to punctate structures resembling peroxisomes. We report here that USP30, best known as a mitophagy regulator, is also necessary for regulating pexophagy, the selective autophagic degradation of peroxisomes. We find that overexpressing USP30 prevents pexophagy during amino acid starvation, and its depletion results in pexophagy induction under basal conditions. We demonstrate that USP30 prevents pexophagy by counteracting the action of the peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin ligase PEX2. Finally, we show that USP30 can rescue the peroxisome loss observed in some disease-causing peroxisome mutations, pointing to a potential therapeutic target.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Mitophagy', 'Mutation', 'Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor 2', 'Peroxisomes', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Thiolester Hydrolases']
| 30,700,497
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.575'], ['G04.011.937', 'G04.599.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.157.635.500', 'D12.776.543.689'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500.585.600', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.755.600'], ['G07.775'], ['D08.811.277.352.897']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of maternal western-style diet on amniotic fluid volume and amnion VEGF profiles in a nonhuman primate model.
|
During pregnancy, high fat diet (HFD) induces maternal obesity, insulin resistance, and placental inflammatory responses that compromise placental and fetal development. Whether maternal HFD would adversely affect amniotic fluid volume (AFV) has not been explored. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed in the amnion and has been proposed as a regulator of AFV. Our aim was to investigate the effects of HFD on AFV and the associated changes in VEGF and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) expression profiles in three amnion regions of a nonhuman primate model. Further, we examined the relationships between VEGF expression and HFD-induced changes in maternal metabolic status. Japanese macaques were maintained on control or HFD and amniotic fluid index (AFI) was measured as an ultrasonic estimate of AFV. Amniotic fluid VEGF concentrations were determined by ELISA and amnion VEGF and sFlt-1 mRNA levels by real-time RT-qPCR. HFD increased maternal plasma triglyceride while glucose levels were unchanged. Maternal weight gain was found in diet-sensitive animals whereas amniotic fluid VEGF concentration was reduced in diet-resistant animals. HFD did not alter AFI and there was no correlation between AFI and maternal weight or amniotic fluid VEGF concentrations. VEGF mRNA levels were lowest in secondary placental amnion while sFlt-1 mRNA were lowest in the primary placental amnion. HFD did not affect amnion VEGF or sFlt-1 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that although maternal HFD increased maternal weight in diet-sensitive and reduced amniotic fluid VEGF concentrations in diet-resistant phenotype, AFV as indicated by the AFI, was not significantly affected.
|
['Amnion', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Female', 'Macaca', 'Male', 'Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Pregnancy', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1']
| 30,353,684
|
[['A10.615.284.277', 'A16.254.750.277'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['G07.203.650.566'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.950.100', 'D12.776.543.750.630.750.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.910.100']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-assembled templates for polypeptide synthesis.
|
The chemical synthesis of polypeptide chains >50 amino acids with prescribed sequences is challenging. In one approach, native chemical ligation (NCL), short, unprotected peptides are connected through peptide bonds to render proteins in water. Here we combine chemical ligation with peptide self-assembly to deliver extremely long polypeptide chains with stipulated, repeated sequences. We use a self-assembling fiber (SAF) system to form structures tens of micrometers long. In these assemblies, tens of thousands of peptides align with their N- and C-termini abutting. This arrangement facilitates chemical ligation without the usual requirement for a catalytic cysteine residue at the reactive N-terminus. We introduced peptides with C-terminal thioester moieties into the SAFs. Subsequent ligation and disassembly of the noncovalent components produced extended chains > or =10 microm long and estimated at > or =3 MDa in mass. These extremely long molecules were characterized by a combination of biophysical, hydrodynamic, and microscopic measurements.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Particle Size', 'Peptides']
| 17,949,087
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G02.712'], ['D12.644']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Size and Proportions of Slow-Twitch and Fast-Twitch Muscle Fibers in Human Costal Diaphragm.
|
Smaller diaphragmatic motor unit potentials (MUPs) compared to MUPs of limb muscles lead to the hypothesis that diaphragmatic muscle fibers, being the generators of MUPs, might be also smaller. We compared autopsy samples of costal diaphragm and vastus lateralis of healthy men with respect to fibers' size and expression of slow myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC-1) and fast 2A isoform (MyHC-2A). Diaphragmatic fibers were smaller than fibers in vastus lateralis with regard to the mean minimal fiber diameter of slow-twitch (46.8 versus 72.2 ìm, p < 0.001), fast-twitch (45.1 versus 62.4 ìm, p < 0.001), and hybrid fibers (47.3 versus 65.0 ìm, p < 0.01) as well as to the mean fiber cross-sectional areas of slow-twitch (2376.0 versus 5455.9 ìm2, p < 0.001), fast-twitch (2258.7 versus 4189.7 ìm2, p < 0.001), and hybrid fibers (2404.4 versus 4776.3 ìm2, p < 0.01). The numerical proportion of slow-twitch fibers was higher (50.2 versus 36.3%, p < 0.01) in costal diaphragm and the numerical proportion of fast-twitch fibers (47.2 versus 58.7%, p < 0.01) was lower. The numerical proportion of hybrid fibers did not differ. Muscle fibers of costal diaphragm have specific characteristics which support increased resistance of diaphragm to fatigue.
|
['Adult', 'Cadaver', 'Cell Count', 'Diaphragm', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch', 'Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch', 'Ribs']
| 27,891,518
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.600', 'A11.620.249.400'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.700', 'A11.620.249.700'], ['A02.835.232.570.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Palmitic acid-labeled lipids selectively incorporated into platelet cytoskeleton during aggregation.
|
Previous experiments showed that during the early stages (20-30 seconds) of aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 2 microM) or thrombin (0.1 U/mL) of rabbit or human platelets prelabeled with [3H]palmitic acid, labeled lipid became associated with the cytoskeleton isolated after lysis with 1% Triton X-100, 5 mM EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)]-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid. The association appeared to be related to the number of sites of contact and was independent of the release of granule contents. We have now investigated the nature of the labeled lipids by thin-layer and column chromatography and found differences between the distribution of the label in intact platelets (both stimulated and unstimulated) and the isolated cytoskeletons. In both species, and with either ADP or thrombin as aggregating agent, 70-85% of the label in both intact platelets and in the cytoskeletons was in phospholipids. The distribution of label among the phospholipids in the cytoskeletons was similar to that in intact platelets except that the percentage of label in phosphatidylcholine was significantly higher in the cytoskeletons of human platelets than in the intact platelets, and the percentage of label in phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylinositol was significantly lower in the cytoskeletons of rabbit platelets and thrombin-aggregated human platelets than in intact platelets. The cytoskeletons contained a lower percentage of label in triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and cholesterol ester than the intact platelets. Contrary to a report in the literature, we found no evidence for the incorporation of diacylglycerol and palmitic acid into the cytoskeleton.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Ceramides', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Palmitic Acid', 'Palmitic Acids', 'Phospholipids', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Rabbits', 'Tritium']
| 2,395,415
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.065.313', 'D09.400.410.420.525.200', 'D10.390.470.675.200', 'D10.570.877.360.612.200'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['D10.251.694.750'], ['D10.251.694'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interpopulational differences in the concentrations and ratios of salivary and serum progesterone.
|
Lower concentrations of salivary P in Bolivian women cannot be attributed to lower serum P or cholesterol or to higher cortisol-binding globulin or cortisol (stress) levels than those of the American women. Whether serum or salivary concentrations in the two population groups better reflect availability of P to the tissues is an unresolved question.
|
['Bolivia', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Progesterone', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Saliva', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'United States']
| 16,828,474
|
[['Z01.107.757.136'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A12.200.666'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Why don't key populations access HIV testing and counselling centres in Nepal? Findings based on national surveillance survey.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess the demographic, behavioural, psychosocial and structural factors associated with non-utilisation of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) services by female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men/transgender (MSM/TG).METHODS: This study involved a cross-sectional design. We used the national surveillance survey data of 2012, which included 610 FSWs and 400 MSM/TG recruited randomly from 22 and three districts of Nepal, respectively. Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using modified Poisson regression was used to assess and infer the association between outcome (non-utilisation of HTC in last year) and independent variables.RESULTS: Non-utilisation of HTC in the last year was 54% for FSWs and 55% for MSM/TG. The significant factors for non-utilisation of HTC among FSWs were depression (aPR=1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6)), injectable drug abuse (ever) (aPR=1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8)), participation (ever) in HIV awareness programmes (aPR=1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4)), experience of forced sex in previous year (aPR=1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.3)) and absence of dependents in the family (aPR=1.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.3)). Non-utilisation of HTC among MSM/TG had significant association with age 16-19 years (aPR=1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.7)), non-condom use (aPR=1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4)), participation (ever) in HIV awareness programmes (aPR=1.6 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.0)), physical assault in previous year (aPR=1.8 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.1)), experience of forced sex in previous year (aPR=0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.9)).CONCLUSION: Although limited by cross-sectional design, we found many programmatically relevant findings. Creative strategies should be envisaged for effective behavioural change communication to improve access to HIV testing. Psychosocial and structural interventions should be integrated with HIV prevention programmes to support key populations in accessing HIV testing.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Counseling', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Nepal', 'Regression Analysis', 'Sex Workers', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Transgender Persons', 'Young Adult']
| 29,288,177
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.784.176', 'F04.408.413', 'N02.421.143.303', 'N02.421.461.363'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['Z01.252.245.674'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['M01.776'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['M01.777.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary arteries and plaque morphology using CT angiography--comparison and registration with IVUS.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to present a new methodology for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coronary arteries and plaque morphology using Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA).METHODS: The methodology is summarized in six stages: 1) pre-processing of the initial raw images, 2) rough estimation of the lumen and outer vessel wall borders and approximation of the vessel's centerline, 3) manual adaptation of plaque parameters, 4) accurate extraction of the luminal centerline, 5) detection of the lumen - outer vessel wall borders and calcium plaque region, and 6) finally 3D surface construction.RESULTS: The methodology was compared to the estimations of a recently presented Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) plaque characterization method. The correlation coefficients for calcium volume, surface area, length and angle vessel were 0.79, 0.86, 0.95 and 0.88, respectively. Additionally, when comparing the inner and outer vessel wall volumes of the reconstructed arteries produced by IVUS and CTA the observed correlation was 0.87 and 0.83, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the proposed methodology is fast and accurate and thus it is likely in the future to have applications in research and clinical arena.
|
['Algorithms', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 26,785,613
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['C23.300.823'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peptide YY and gallbladder contraction. Studies in vivo and in vitro.
|
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of peptide YY on contraction of the gallbladder in vivo and in vitro and on contraction of the sphincter of Oddi in vitro. In conscious dogs that were prepared with strain-gauge force transducers implanted in the gallbladder wall, peptide YY (400 ng/kg, bolus; 800 pmol/kg.h, infusion) did not affect the resting contractile pattern of the gallbladder, nor did it inhibit cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8)-stimulated gallbladder contraction. In contrast, the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide (5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg), given in vivo, inhibited CCK-8-stimulated gallbladder contraction in a dose-related manner. The highest dose of proglumide (80 mg/kg) completely abolished contraction of the gallbladder stimulated by CCK-8. In vitro studies showed that peptide YY (0.25, 0.5, or 1 microgram/ml) did not affect the resting tension of rabbit gallbladder strips, and it did not inhibit CCK-8-stimulated contraction of gallbladder strips. Proglumide (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/ml) inhibited CCK-8-stimulated tension of gallbladder strips in a dose-related manner. Peptide YY and CCK-8 had no effect on the motility of the canine sphincter of Oddi in vitro, whereas acetylcholine caused contraction and adrenergic agonists caused relaxation. These results suggest that peptide YY and pancreatone (a peptidelike substance, extracted from ileal and colonic mucosa, that inhibits CCK-8-stimulated gallbladder contraction in vivo) do not appear to be identical.
|
['Ampulla of Vater', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Peptide YY', 'Peptides', 'Proglumide', 'Sincalide', 'Sphincter of Oddi']
| 3,360,265
|
[['A03.159.183.079.300.950', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236', 'A03.556.875.249.160', 'A03.734.667.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A03.159.439'], ['D06.472.317'], ['E05.481'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D06.472.317.662', 'D06.472.699.595', 'D12.644.548.595'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.125.068.330.700', 'D12.125.095.461.700'], ['D06.472.317.152.700', 'D12.644.120.500'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950.600', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236.572', 'A03.556.875.249.160.572']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Accepting adoption's uncertainty: the limited ethics of pre-adoption genetic testing.
|
An increasing number of children are adopted in the United States from countries where both medical care and environmental conditions are extremely poor. In response to worries about the accuracy of medical histories, prospective adoptive parents increasingly request genetic testing of children prior to adoption. Though a general consensus on the ethics of pre-adoption genetic testing (PAGT) argues against permitting genetic testing on children available for adoption that is not also permitted for children in general, a view gaining traction argues for expanding the tests permitted. The reasoning behind this view is that the State has a duty to provide a child with parents who are the best "match," and thus all information that advances this end should be obtained. While the matching argument aims to promote the best interests of children, I show how it rests on the claim that what is in the best interests of children available for adoption is for prospective adoptive parents to have their genetic preferences satisfied such that the "genetics" of the children they end up adopting accurately reflects those preferences. Instead of protecting a vulnerable population, I conclude, PAGT contributes to the risks of harm such children face as it encourages people with strong genetic preferences to adopt children whose genetic backgrounds will always be uncertain.
|
['Adoption', 'Child', 'Child Welfare', 'Developing Countries', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Parents', 'Risk', 'Uncertainty', 'United States']
| 24,913,138
|
[['I01.880.853.150.140'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.880.787.293'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.900', 'F02.463.785.373.820', 'G17.680.875', 'N05.715.360.750.625.850', 'N06.850.520.830.600.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
In vitro and in vivo assessment of matrix type transdermal therapeutic system of labetalol hydrochloride.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the investigation was to develop and evaluate matrix type transdermal therapeutic systems containing new polymeric combinations (Eudragit E PO/Eudragit RL 100 & Plasdone S 630) as polymers and Labetalol Hydrochloride (LBHCl) as a model drug.EXPERIMENTAL: The matrix type TTS of LBHCl were prepared by film casting technique. The patches were characterized for physical, in vitro release studies & ex-vivo permeation studies (human cadaver skin). On the basis of in vitro drug release and skin permeation performance, formulation A1 was found to be better than the other formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation. The optimized patch was assessed for its pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, skin irritation potential, and stability studies.RESULTS: The maximum percentage drug release & Permeation in 48 hrs were 92.43 % and 76.24 % respectively for optimized patch. The Korsmeyer peppas release exponent value of 0.604 suggested release mechanism towards first order release in the optimized formulation. The results obtained from the in vivo characterization of the optimized patch showed sustained action of the developed formulation. The interaction studies analysis indicated no chemical interaction between the drug and polymers. The optimized patch was seemingly free of potentially hazardous skin irritation as suggested by skin irritation score of 0.915<2.00 (under Draize score test). The optimized formulation was found to be stable at ambient storage conditions.CONCLUSION: The above TTS holds promise for improved bioavailability and better management of hypertension on long term basis.
|
['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Elasticity', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Labetalol', 'Models, Biological', 'Permeability', 'Polymers', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Skin', 'Skin Irritancy Tests', 'Solubility', 'Tensile Strength', 'Water']
| 19,863,491
|
[['E02.319.267.120.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['E02.319.300'], ['G01.374.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.033.100.291.460', 'D02.065.793.324', 'D02.092.063.291.460'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G02.723'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A17.815'], ['E05.940.790.500'], ['G02.805'], ['G01.374.850'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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