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Glucocorticoid receptor in human embryo fibroblasts. I. Kinetic and physicochemical properties.
|
The kinetics of dexamethasone binding to L 809 E cell line cytosol have been investigated by means of the protamine sulfate precipitation assay. The KDeq for dexamethasone was 1.1--3.3 nM. Binding was specific for glucocorticoids. The mean association rate constant (k+1) was 8.5 x 10(5) M-1 x min-1 and the dissociation rate constant was 4.6 x 10(-5) min-1 at 0 degrees C. The concentration of binding sites was 0.3 pmol/mg of cytosol protein. Binding kinetics were compatible with a model of positive cooperativity. The receptor sedimented at 7.5--9 S in glycerol gradients. By a combination of calibrated ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a Stokes radius of 8.5 nm, a molecular weight of 268 000 daltons and a frictional ratio of 1.8 were determined in low ionic strength conditions. When the cells were incubated with 10 nM [3H]dexamethasone for 1 h, a more than 90% depletion of cytosol receptor and an equivalent accumulation of nuclear dexamethasone--receptor complexes was observed.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cytosol', 'Dexamethasone', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Receptors, Steroid']
| 446,883
|
[]
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[]
| 0
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Association between genotype and phenotype in families with mutations in the ABCA4 gene.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the genotype and phenotype in families with adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 4 (ABCA4)-associated retinal degeneration.METHODS: Three families with at least one family member with known homozygous or compound heterozygote mutations in the ABCA4 gene were studied. The investigations included full field electroretinography (ff-ERG), multifocal ERG (mERG), Goldmann visual fields, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and standard ophthalmological examination. Microarray (Asper) was used for ABCA4 genotyping.RESULTS: In family 1, the proband (age 23) was homozygote for the c768 G>T mutation. She was diagnosed with cone rod dystrophy (CRD) while her aunt (age 69) was compound heterozygote for the c768 G>T and c2894 A>G mutations and had autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP). The father (age 61) and the mother (age 60) of the proband were asymptomatic carriers of the c768 G>T mutation. In family 2, the proband (age 25) was homozygote for the c5917del. She was diagnosed with CRD. Her father and two sisters were compound heterozygote for the c5917del and c5882 G>A mutations. The eldest sister (age 23) suffered from Stargardt disease (STGD) while the youngest sister (age 12) and their father (age 48) had no visual complaints. Anyhow, their ERG measurements indicated changes corresponding to STGD. The mother (age 42), (heterozygote for the c5917 delG mutation) and the youngest child (age 9; heterozygote for the c5882 G>A mutation) had a normal phenotype. In family 3, the proband (age 43) was compound heterozygote for c768 G>T and c3113 C>T and had been diagnosed with STGD. Her son (age 12), who was homozygote for the c768 G>T mutation, had wider scotomas with earlier onset (age 6), ff-ERG cone responses in the lower range of normality, and reduced mERG. At the moment, he is classified as having STGD but may progress to CRD. The father (age 45) was asymptomatic and heterozygote for the c768 G>T mutation. The patients with progressive disorders (CRD or arRP) had prolonged implicit times for the 30 Hz flicker ff-ERG and the mERG. All patients with two mutations in the ABCA4 gene demonstrated attenuation of retinal thickness on the OCT macular map.CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that ABCA4 mutations lead to a spectrum of retinal degenerations ranging from STGD to CRD or arRP. At the time of diagnosis, it is not possible to predict the severity of the condition only from genotyping. Our results suggest that prolongation of implicit times for the ff-ERG and/or mERG seem to be associated with progressive conditions such as CRD and arRP. Since ABCA4 mutations are common in the general population, different family members can harbor various combinations of mutations resulting in diverse phenotype and prognosis in the same family, further emphasizing the importance of a combination of genetic and electrophysiological tests at the first visit and follow-up.
|
['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Electroretinography', 'Family', 'Female', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Visual Field Tests', 'Visual Fields', 'Young Adult']
| 24,453,473
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.380.225', 'E01.370.405.270'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E01.370.380.850.962'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling evaluation of carbaryl degradation in a continuously stirred tank reactor by anodic fenton treatment.
|
Anodic Fenton treatment (AFT) has been shown to be effective in removing pesticides from aqueous solution in batch reactors with the formation of less toxic and more biodegradable products. To facilitate practical application of AFT, carbaryl degradation in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) by AFT was investigated under different experimental conditions, such as carbaryl inlet concentration, Fenton reagent concentration/ratio, and carbaryl feeding flow rate. A higher Fe2+ delivery rate and H2O2 to Fe2+ ratio (H2O2:Fe2+) were found to favor the carbaryl degradation process, whereas flow rate was shown to be a much less significant factor to influence the degradation rate under the evaluated experimental conditions. A kinetic-based semiempirical model was developed to simulate the experimental data, and a very good fit between the model and the raw data was found (R2 > 0.99). A dimensionless parameter (k/q2) was found to be a good indicator of the degradation rate; that is, the higher the k/q2value is, the faster the degradation process is. The rate parameter (k) can be used to evaluate the degradation rate when the flow rate is invariant for a given pesticide. The shape parameter (beta) is most likely related to the availability and reactivity of Fenton reagents and hydroxyl radicals. To compare the degradation rate of different pesticides, more information other than k/q2, k, and beta values, such as the instantaneous degradation rate vs time relationship, needs to be considered.
|
['Carbaryl', 'Ferrous Compounds', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Insecticides', 'Iron', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Chemical']
| 17,177,542
|
[['D02.241.081.251.150', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.162', 'D04.615.638.162'], ['D01.490.200'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.495']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Biological monitoring and risk assessment in occupational settings.
|
In summary, we have found biomonitoring to be a valuable adjunct to medical surveillance in a number of situations. Although the potential benefits are relatively easy to demonstrate, clear guidance must be provided to assure that no harm will result from a biomonitoring program. A critical step in this regard is attention to the communication of objectives and results. This is especially true where biomonitoring of carcinogenic substances or surrogate measures for these substances are being considered. In such situations, action levels are helpful for interpretative purposes and immediate decision-making, but not for determining individual health risks. However, the quantitative results may be suitable for use in future health studies and risk assessments.
|
['Acetylene', 'Carcinogens', 'Chemical Industry', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Metals', 'Mutagens', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Pyrenes', 'Risk Assessment', 'Solvents', 'Urine']
| 8,891,773
|
[['D02.455.326.397.259'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['J01.576.655.437'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.552'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D27.720.844'], ['A12.207.927']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Asian American identity and drug consumption: from acculturation to normalization.
|
This article analyzes the relationship between substance use and ethnic identity in the narratives of 206 young Asian Americans in a dance club/rave scene. We examined the meaning of drug use and found three types of narratives invoked to explain their drug use. The first noted difficulties arising from their Asian American identities, the experience of culture clash, and stresses associated with acculturation and Americanization. The second viewed their drug consumption as unusual among Asian Americans and saw their drug use as indicative of the degree to which they have grown apart from Asian culture and toward white/American culture. The final group saw their identities as Asian Americans neither as drug users nor as Asian American drug users as problematic. Drug use was a normal, accepted, and mundane part of their leisure time, not something they viewed as problematic or unusual.
|
['Acculturation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Asian Americans', 'Emigration and Immigration', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Prevalence', 'Stereotyped Behavior', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Young Adult']
| 19,064,437
|
[['I01.076.201.450.050', 'I01.880.853.100.079'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.200.100', 'M01.686.754.225'], ['I01.240.600.525.500', 'N01.224.625.525.500', 'N06.850.505.400.700.525.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.896'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
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[The character of the background spike activity of cortical neurons under the influence of psychotropic drugs].
|
A comparison was made on alert rabbits between the nature of spike activity of normal cortical neurones and of those after a two-week daily administration of neuroleptics, namely chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and haloperidol in 1 and 5 mg/kg doses. The groups of neurones did not differ in the mean frequency of firing. However, the use of the main components method and of cluster analysis showed considerable differences between neuronal activity following the action of neuroleptics and that in control animals. The most common effect of neuroleptics consisted in a reduction of the number of low frequency neurones with burst discharges and small dispersion of distribution of interspike intervals. Trifluoperazine and especially haloperidol differed from chlorpromazine in that they brought about an appearance of cortical neurones for which the distribution of interspike intervals had an almost symmetrical form and a mode of 80--170 msec. After the action of haloperidol about a third of the neurones had a mode up to 10 msec. An assumption has been made that the major effect of trifluoperazine and haloperidol consists in an increase in the reverberative activity of the brain.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Haloperidol', 'Neurons', 'Rabbits', 'Tranquilizing Agents', 'Trifluoperazine']
| 1,210,749
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['D02.522.352.506'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D27.505.696.277.950', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872'], ['D02.886.369.898', 'D03.633.300.783.898']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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Genetically elevated fetuin-A levels, fasting glucose levels, and risk of type 2 diabetes: the cardiovascular health study.
|
OBJECTIVE: Fetuin-A levels are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but it is unknown if the association is causal. We investigated common (>5%) genetic variants in the fetuin-A gene (AHSG) fetuin-A levels, fasting glucose, and risk of type 2 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Genetic variation, fetuin-A levels, and fasting glucose were assessed in 2,893 Caucasian and 542 African American community-living individuals 65 years of age or older in 1992-1993.RESULTS: Common AHSG variants (rs4917 and rs2248690) were strongly associated with fetuin-A concentrations (P<0.0001). In analyses of 259 incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were not associated with diabetes risk during follow-up and similar null associations were observed when 579 prevalent cases were included. As expected, higher fetuin-A levels were associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (1.9 mg/dL [95% CI, 1.2-2.7] higher per SD in Caucasians), but Mendelian randomization analyses using both SNPs as unbiased proxies for measured fetuin-A did not support an association between genetically predicted fetuin-A levels and fasting glucose (-0.3 mg/dL [95% CI, -1.9 to 1.3] lower per SD in Caucasians). The difference between the associations of fasting glucose with actual and genetically predicted fetuin-A level was statistically significant (P=0.001). Results among the smaller sample of African Americans trended in similar directions but were statistically insignificant.CONCLUSIONS: Common variants in the AHSG gene are strongly associated with plasma fetuin-A concentrations, but not with risk of type 2 diabetes or glucose concentrations, raising the possibility that the association between fetuin-A and type 2 diabetes may not be causal.
|
['Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein']
| 23,801,724
|
[['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.124.790.106.304.500', 'D12.776.157.125.283.500', 'D12.776.215.625.500', 'D12.776.377.715.085.304.500', 'D12.776.395.086']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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Multisystemic therapy for high-risk African American adolescents with asthma: a randomized clinical trial.
|
OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of the study was to determine whether Multisystemic Therapy adapted for health care settings (MST-HC) improved asthma management and health outcomes in high-risk African American adolescents with asthma.METHOD: Eligibility included self-reported African American ethnicity, ages 12 to 16, moderate to severe asthma, and an inpatient hospitalization or at least 2 emergency department visits for asthma in the last 12 months. Adolescents and their families (N = 170) were randomized to MST-HC or in-home family support. Data were collected at baseline and posttreatment (7 months) based on an asthma management interview, medication adherence phone diary, and lung function biomarker (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]). Analyses were conducted using linear mixed modeling for continuous outcomes and generalized linear mixed modeling for binary outcomes.RESULTS: In intent-to-treat analyses, adolescents randomized to MST-HC were more likely to improve on 2 of the measures of medication adherence and FEV1. Per-protocol analysis demonstrated that MST-HC had a medium effect on adherence measures and had a small to medium effect on lung function and the adolescent's response to asthma exacerbations.CONCLUSION: There are few interventions that have been shown to successfully improve asthma management in minority youth at highest risk for poor morbidity and mortality. MST, a home-based psychotherapy originally developed to target behavior problems in youth, improved asthma management and lung function compared to a strong comparison condition. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether MST-HC reduces health care utilization accounting for seasonal variability. A limitation to the study is that a greater number of participants in the control group came from single-parent families than in the MST group.
|
['Adolescent', 'African Americans', 'Asthma', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Psychotherapy', 'Young Adult']
| 24,588,407
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['F04.754'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Fullerol ionic fluids.
|
We report for the first time an ionic fluid based on hydroxylated fullerenes (fullerols). The ionic fluid was synthesized by neutralizing the fully protonated fullerol with an amine terminated polyethylene/polypropylene oxide oligomer (Jeffamine). The ionic fluid was compared to a control synthesized by mixing the partially protonated form (sodium form) of the fullerols with the same oligomeric amine in the same ratio as in the ionic fluids (20 wt% fullerol). In the fullerol fluid the ionic bonding significantly perturbs the thermal transitions and melting/crystallization behavior of the amine. In contrast, both the normalized heat of fusion and crystallization of the amine in the control are similar to those of the neat amine consistent with a physical mixture of the fullerols/amine with minimal interactions. In addition to differences in thermal behavior, the fullerol ionic fluid exhibits a complex viscoelastic behavior intermediate between the neat Jeffamine (liquid-like) and the control (solid-like).
|
['Amines', 'Crystallization', 'Fullerenes', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Ions', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polypropylenes']
| 20,820,694
|
[['D02.092'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D01.268.150.250', 'J01.637.512.600.612.350'], ['G02.282'], ['D01.248.497'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.590', 'D05.750.716.550', 'D25.720.716.550', 'J01.637.051.720.716.550']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Clinilal study of medical ozone therapy in chronic hepatitis B of 20 patients].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of medical ozone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS: 42 patients with chronic hepatitis B were divided randomly into two groups. 22 patients treated with basic therapy were as a control group. 20 patients treated with basic therapy plus ozone therapy were taken as a treatment group. Index of biochemistry and virology were studied at initial and post-treatment 8 weeks.RESULTS: After the treatment, liver function of the treatment group and the control group had more significant improvement. The treatment group complete effective and partial effective were 10% and 35% difference. The control group complete effective and partial effective were 4.6% and 13.6% (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Treatment of medical ozone on patients with chronic hepatitis B is effective.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Guanine', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ozone', 'Young Adult']
| 19,544,653
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D26.310'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cruzan v Harmon, and In the Matter of O'Connor. Two anomalies.
|
Two recent court cases, Cruzan v Harmon and In the Matter of O'Connor, denied family requests to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment. The facts of the cases are discussed, as well as the impact on medical practice for physicians in Missouri and New York. Approaches of other state courts are pointed out. While critical of the judicial reasoning in both cases, the article provides guidance to doctors about how to work within the court decisions and still honor patient wishes.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judicial Role', 'Life Support Care', 'Missouri', 'New York', 'Patient Advocacy', 'Right to Die', 'United States', 'Value of Life', 'Withholding Treatment']
| 2,332,578
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.583.474'], ['E02.760.440', 'N02.421.585.440'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['I01.880.604.631', 'N03.706.678'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.952', 'N03.706.437.650.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['K01.752.400.900'], ['E02.760.952', 'N02.421.585.952']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Thirst and sodium appetite after colloid treatment in rats.
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Subcutaneous injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution produced a progressive sequestration of extracellular fluid at the injection site. Appropriately, PEG-treated rats showed both thirst and sodium appetite. However, water intake began within 1 to 2 hr after the injections, whereas consumption of NaCl solution did not start until 3-4 hr later. Then rats ingested both fluids alternately until plasma volumes were restored, whereupon saline intake became even more prominent while water was consumed due to induced osmoregulatory needs. These three phases were seen regardless of the dose of PEG that was administered or the concentration of saline that was available. In contrast, after maintenance on a sodium-deficient diet for 2-4 days, or after bilateral adrenalectomy, rats increased their intake of saline immediately after PEG treatment. These and other findings suggest that the delayed onset of sodium appetite after PEG treatment that occurs when rats are maintained on standard sodium-rich chow results from the buffer provided by surplus extracellular fluid in those animals. They further suggest that sodium appetite is not directly associated with decreases in plasma volume or sodium concentration but instead may be stimulated by decreased availability of sodium in the brain.
|
['Animals', 'Appetite', 'Blood Volume', 'Drinking', 'Extracellular Space', 'Male', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rats', 'Sodium', 'Thirst', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 7,217,404
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.071', 'G07.203.650.390.070', 'G10.261.390.070'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['F01.658.293.787'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Barriers to oral health promotion in the Republic of Ireland.
|
AIMS: This paper discusses the evaluation of a multi-sector oral health promotion intervention in the Republic of Ireland for children with disabilities. It argues that a lack of awareness about the context of interventions means that sometimes people's health concerns remain unaddressed through a lack of participation. This may actually increase rather than decrease health inequalities. Implementing qualitative methods to provide a context before proceeding with interventions may assist in providing approaches that are fit for purpose when trying to include people in health promotion.METHODS: A purposive sample of 15 parents or carers of children with disabilities and 18 non-dental professionals were interviewed in either focus groups or on a one-to-one basis.RESULTS: The qualitative analysis indicated that budget constraints were affecting joint working because non-dental professionals were overstretched, feeling that they only had the capacity to carry out day-to-day work with parents and children. The daily demands of caring for a child with disabilities for many parents meant that they were tied to a day-to-day existence.CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative evaluation suggested that an initial lack of knowledge about structural, procedural, and budgetary barriers, coupled with insight into the daily demands on parents caring for children with disabilities, meant that all parents were not enabled. Therefore, achieving the aims of the plan could not be a total success for all parents and children from the outset.
|
['Adult', 'Caregivers', 'Child', 'Dental Care for Disabled', 'Disabled Children', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Promotion', 'Health Status Disparities', 'Humans', 'Ireland', 'Narration', 'Oral Health', 'Parents', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 21,382,853
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E06.170.310', 'N02.421.240.190.230'], ['M01.150.200'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['I01.240.425.675', 'N01.224.425.437', 'N06.850.505.400.425.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.467', 'Z01.639.587'], ['E05.318.308.502', 'F01.145.209.459', 'L01.399.250.660', 'N05.715.360.300.480', 'N06.850.520.308.502'], ['N01.400.535'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 subverts human NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses.
|
Inflammasomes are signaling hubs that activate inflammatory caspases to drive cytokine maturation and cell lysis. Inflammasome activation by Salmonella Typhimurium infection or Salmonella-derived molecules is extensively studied in murine myeloid cells. Salmonella-induced inflammasome signaling in human innate immune cells, is however, poorly characterized. Here, we show that Salmonella mutation to inactivate the Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 type III secretion system (SPI2 T3SS) potentiates S. Typhimurium-induced inflammasome responses from primary human macrophages, resulting in strong IL-1â production and macrophage death. Inactivation of the SPI1 T3SS diminished human macrophage responses to WT and ÄSPI2 Salmonella. Salmonella ÄSPI2 elicited a mixed inflammasome response from human myeloid cells, in which NLR family CARD-domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) and NLR family PYRIN-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) perform somewhat redundant functions in generating IL-1â and inducing pyroptosis. Our data suggest that Salmonella employs the SPI2 T3SS to subvert SPI1-induced NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome responses in human primary macrophages, in a species-specific immune evasion mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Death', 'Genomic Islands', 'Humans', 'Inflammasomes', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Macrophages', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myeloid Cells', 'NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein', 'Pyroptosis', 'Salmonella typhimurium']
| 30,368,901
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.024.131', 'D12.644.360.075.358', 'D12.776.157.057.006', 'D12.776.476.024.139', 'D12.776.476.075.358'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['G04.146'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.330.330', 'G05.360.080.708.330.330', 'G05.360.340.024.425.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.500.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.627'], ['D12.644.360.539.250'], ['G04.146.954.035.530'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Soft-tissue effects of the holmium:YAG laser: an ultrastructural study on oral mucosa.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The specifics of the ablation mechanism of the holmium:YAG laser remain largely unexplored. Following laser exposure to the oral mucosa of rats, the ultrastructural damage profile obtaining to varying degrees in blood vessels, erythrocytes, nerves, and muscle cells was examined. An attempt was made to relate the cytoplasmatic alterations to the tissue ablation modes of midinfrared lasers described in the literature.STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biological effects of a new pulsed holmium:YAG laser (lambda = 2,120 nm) on the oral mucosa of rats were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Laser incisions reaching into the muscle layer were made on different sites of the tongue of white rats. Laser energy (400 mJ, 2.5 microseconds pulse, 2 Hz) was delivered to the target via 400 microns nylon fibers.RESULTS: The fine-structural morphology of the sublingual mucosa after laser surgery of the epithelial surface revealed no carbonization layer but a 150-micron-wide zone of lacunar structures extending to the lamina propria. In the muscle cells there is partial decomposition of the cell contents resulting in the development of electron optically empty spaces within the cortical cytoplasm underneath the intact plasma membrane of the muscle cell. The organelles within the cell remain ultrastructurally intact.CONCLUSION: These features support the assumption of an additional nonthermal holmium:YAG laser-tissue interaction.
|
['Animals', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Rats']
| 9,138,255
|
[['B01.050'], ['E02.594', 'E04.014.520'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Individual differences in the executive control of attention, memory, and thought, and their associations with schizotypy.
|
A large correlational study took a latent-variable approach to the generality of executive control by testing the individual-differences structure of executive-attention capabilities and assessing their prediction of schizotypy, a multidimensional construct (with negative, positive, disorganized, and paranoid factors) conveying risk for schizophrenia. Although schizophrenia is convincingly linked to executive deficits, the schizotypy literature is equivocal. Subjects completed tasks of working memory capacity (WMC), attention restraint (inhibiting prepotent responses), and attention constraint (focusing visual attention amid distractors), the latter 2 in an effort to fractionate the "inhibition" construct. We also assessed mind-wandering propensity (via in-task thought probes) and coefficient of variation in response times (RT CoV) from several tasks as more novel indices of executive attention. WMC, attention restraint, attention constraint, mind wandering, and RT CoV were correlated but separable constructs, indicating some distinctions among "attention control" abilities; WMC correlated more strongly with attentional restraint than constraint, and mind wandering correlated more strongly with attentional restraint, attentional constraint, and RT CoV than with WMC. Across structural models, no executive construct predicted negative schizotypy and only mind wandering and RT CoV consistently (but modestly) predicted positive, disorganized, and paranoid schizotypy; stalwart executive constructs in the schizophrenia literature-WMC and attention restraint-showed little to no predictive power, beyond restraint's prediction of paranoia. Either executive deficits are consequences rather than risk factors for schizophrenia, or executive failures barely precede or precipitate diagnosable schizophrenia symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
|
['Adolescent', 'Attention', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Schizotypal Personality Disorder', 'Thinking', 'Young Adult']
| 27,454,042
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F03.675.725'], ['F02.463.785'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative analysis of simvastatin and its beta-hydroxy acid in human plasma using automated liquid-liquid extraction based on 96-well plate format and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
|
An assay based on automated liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of simvastatin (SV) and its beta-hydroxy acid (SVA) in human plasma. A Packard MultiProbe II workstation was used to convert human plasma samples collected following administration of simvastatin and quality control (QC) samples from individual tubes into 96-well plate format. The workstation was also used to prepare calibration standards and spike internal standards. A Tomtec Quadra 96-channel liquid handling workstation was used to perform LLE based on 96-well plates including adding solvents, separating organic from aqueous layer and reconstitution. SV and SVA were separated through a Kromasil C18 column (50 mm x 2 mm i.d., 5 microm) and detected by tandem mass spectrometry with a TurboIonspray interface. Stable isotope-labeled SV and SVA, 13CD(3)-SV and 13 CD(3)-SVA, were used as the internal standards for SV and SVA, respectively. The automated procedures reduced the overall analytical time (96 samples) to 1/3 of that of manual LLE. Most importantly, an analyst spent only a fraction of time on the 96-well LLE. A limit of quantitation of 50 pg/ml was achieved for both SV and SVA. The interconversion between SV and SVA during the 96-well LLE was found to be negligible. The assay showed very good reproducibility, with intra- and inter-assay precision (%R.S.D.) of less than 7.5%, and accuracy of 98.7-102.3% of nominal values for both analytes. By using this method, sample throughput should be enhanced at least three-fold compared to that of the manual procedure.
|
['Chromatography, Liquid', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Simvastatin']
| 14,738,932
|
[['E05.196.181.400'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.400.900', 'D04.615.638.400.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Island living: the experience of loneliness in a psychiatric hospital.
|
The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of loneliness among psychiatric patients. The sample included 12 adults receiving treatment in a psychiatric facility. Data consisted of audiotaped semistructured interviews. Ten empirical categories resulted. Further analysis of empirical data provided a description of psychiatric patient's experiences of loneliness. The metaphor of living on an island illustrated the core category. Subcategories included escape attempts and surviving tidal waves.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Loneliness', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Symbolism']
| 7,515,610
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['F01.470.713', 'I01.880.853.748.435'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['K01.400.899', 'K01.752.798']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sera-controlled preadipocyte growth in culture: an ontogeny study with sera from lean and obese pigs.
|
Genetically lean and obese swine were used to investigate the control of preadipocyte growth in culture by porcine serum. Sera were collected from fetuses from obese and lean strains at 70, 90 and 110 d of gestation. Postnatal serum samples were collected from both lines of pigs at 23 to 27 kg. Rat preadipocytes were isolated and grown in culture. Preadipocyte and stromal-vascular cell proliferation was greater in cultures grown in sera obtained postnatally than in cultures grown in sera from fetuses. Sera from lean and obese fetuses were equipotent in promoting cell proliferation. Glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity was higher in cultures fed serum from obese pigs and fetuses than in cultures fed serum from lean pigs and fetuses. Cultures grown in serum from obese fetuses and pigs had soluble protein levels similar to cultures grown with serum from lean pigs and fetuses. These results demonstrate that serum from genetically obese swine, in the pre-obese (fetal) and obese (postnatal) state, caused increased adipogenic activity in adipocytes in culture.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fetal Blood', 'Gestational Age', 'Obesity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Swine']
| 3,170,379
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Aging and endothelial progenitor cell telomere length in healthy men.
|
BACKGROUND: Telomere length declines with age in mature endothelial cells and is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical to vascular health as they contribute to both reendothelialization and neovascularization. We tested the hypothesis that EPC telomere length decreases with age in healthy adult humans.METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 40 healthy, non-obese, sedentary men: 12 young (age 21-34 years), 12 middle-aged (43-55 years) and 16 older (57-68 years). Putative EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and telomere length was determined using genomic DNA preparation and Southern hybridization techniques.RESULTS: EPC telomere length (base pairs) was approximately 20% (p=0.01) lower in the older (8492+523 bp) compared to the middle-aged (10,565+572 bp) and young (10,205+501 bp) men. Of note, there was no difference in EPC telomere length between the middle-aged and young men.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that EPC telomere length declines with age in healthy, sedentary men. Interestingly, telomere length was well preserved in the middle-aged compared to young men, suggesting that EPC telomere shortening occurs after the age of 55 years.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stem Cells', 'Telomere', 'Young Adult']
| 19,055,473
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.872'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Attitudes About Mental Illness Among Seminary Students: a Qualitative Analysis.
|
Tragically, a majority of people with mental illness never seek treatment; however, people may be more likely to seek help from religious clergy than from mental health professionals. In the current study, 25 Protestant seminary students were interviewed. The majority of students considered there to be biological, spiritual, and environmental causes of mental illness and favored psychological, medication, or spiritual treatments. Some participants reported stigma of mental illness, including avoidance and "dangerous" stereotypes. Religious clergy are frontline mental health providers, and their attitudes about mental illness are critical in reducing stigma and increasing treatment seeking among people with mental illness.
|
['Attitude', 'Clergy', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Social Stigma', 'Students']
| 32,488,826
|
[['F01.100'], ['M01.526.799.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Within-event learning in rats with lesions of the basolateral amygdala.
|
Rats with neurotoxic lesions of the basolateral amygdala were trained in procedures designed to assess the formation of within-event, taste-odor associations. In Experiments 1 and 2 the animals were given initial exposure to a taste-odor compound; the value of the taste was then modified, and the consequent change in responding to the odor was taken to indicate that an odor-taste association had been formed. In Experiment 1 the value of the taste (saline) was enhanced by means of salt-depletion procedure; in Experiment 2 the taste was devalued by aversive conditioning. In neither procedure did lesioned animals differ from sham-operated controls. Experiment 3 confirmed, however, that taste-potentiation of odor aversion learning (an effect thought to depend on the formation of a taste-odor association) is abolished by the lesion. Implications for the view that the amygdala is necessary for sensory-sensory associations between events in different modalities are considered.
|
['Amygdala', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Learning', 'Male', 'Neurotoxicity Syndromes', 'Neurotoxins', 'Odorants', 'Prunus', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Quinolinic Acid', 'Rats', 'Smell', 'Taste', 'Vanilla']
| 22,944,512
|
[['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['C10.720', 'C25.723.705'], ['D27.888.569.504'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.625'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['D03.383.725.822.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.618.100.640.888']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Recognition of cancer in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance.
|
Pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to differentiate in vivo between normal mouse tail tissue and a malignant transplanted melanoma, S91, located on the tail. The tumor displayed a nuclear (proton) spin-lattice relaxation time of approximately 0.7 second contrasted with the simultaneously measured normal tail tissue relaxation time of approximately 0.3 second.
|
['Animals', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Tail']
| 4,640,065
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['A13.895']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence and Risk of Birth Defects Observed in a Prospective Cohort Study: The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health.
|
BACKGROUND: Prevalence rates of all anomalies classified as birth defects, including those identified before the 22nd gestational week, are limited in published reports, including those from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). In our birth cohort study, we collected the data for all birth defects after 12 weeks of gestation.METHODS: Subjects in this study comprised 19,244 pregnant women who visited one of 37 associated hospitals in the Hokkaido Prefecture from 2003 through 2012, and completed follow-up. All birth defects after 12 weeks of gestation, including 55 marker anomalies associated with environmental chemical exposures, were recorded. We examined parental risk factors for birth defects and the association between birth defects and risk of growth retardation.RESULTS: Prevalence of all birth defects was 18.9/1,000 births. The proportion of patients with birth defects delivered between 12 and 21 weeks of gestation was approximately one-tenth of all patients with birth defects. Among those with congenital malformation of the nerve system, 39% were delivered before 22 weeks of gestation. All patients with anencephaly and encephalocele were delivered before 22 weeks of gestation. We observed different patterns of parental risk factors between birth defect cases included in ISBDSR and cases not included. Cases included in ISBDSR were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. Cases not included in ISBDSR were associated with an increased risk of being small for gestational age at term.CONCLUSIONS: Data from our study complemented the data from ICBDSR. We recommend that birth defects not included in ICBDSR also be analyzed to elucidate the etiology of birth defects.
|
['Adult', 'Congenital Abnormalities', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk']
| 29,093,352
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C16.131'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Influence of thermal treatment on color, enzyme activities, and antioxidant capacity of innovative pastelike parsley products.
|
Conventional spice powders are often characterized by low sensory quality and high microbial loads. Furthermore, genuine enzymes are only inhibited but not entirely inactivated upon drying, so that they may regain their activity upon rehydration of dried foods. To overcome these problems, initial heating was applied in the present study as the first process step for the production of innovative pastelike parsley products. For this purpose, fresh parsley was blanched (80, 90, and 100 °C for 1-10 min) and subsequently comminuted to form a paste. Alternatively, mincing was carried out prior to heat treatment. Regardless of temperature, the color of the latter product did not show any change after heating for 1 min. With progressing exposure time the green color turned to olive hues due to marked pheophytin formation. Inactivation of genuine peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was achieved at all temperature-time regimes applied. In contrast, the parsley products obtained after immediate water-blanching were characterized by brighter green colors and enhanced pigment retention. With the exception of the variants water-blanched at 80 °C, POD and PPO were completely inactivated at any of the thermal treatments. Furthermore, in water-blanched samples, antioxidant capacities as determined by the TEAC and FRAP assays were even enhanced compared to unheated parsley, whereas a decrease of phenolic contents could not be prevented. Consequently, the innovative process presented in this study allows the production of novel herb and spice products characterized by improved sensory quality as compared to conventional spice products.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Catechol Oxidase', 'Chlorophyll', 'Color', 'Drug Stability', 'Food Handling', 'Hot Temperature', 'Peroxidase', 'Petroselinum', 'Phenols', 'Powders', 'Spices']
| 22,375,822
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.125'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E05.916.330'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.075.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D26.255.779'], ['G07.203.300.250.725', 'J02.500.250.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical stabilisation in neurodegenerative diseases: clinical study in phase II].
|
INTRODUCTION: Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), are progressive pathological conditions in which current treatments have not proved to be effective at curbing their progress (clinical stabilisation). Although they have very different clinical characteristics, they share the same pathophysiological mechanisms of progression. We developed a compound designed to obtain clinical stabilisation which acts by controlling cell damage due to aberrant apoptosis, oxidation, abnormal deposits of metals and proteins, and pathophysiological enzymatic pathways, such as that of caspases and the MAPK system.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with AD, PD and MS were included in the study. The compound was administered to them every 12 hours and they were given appointments every three months for a clinical evaluation and a review of general lab analyses.RESULTS: Subjects were submitted to a follow-up of between 3 and 24 months (mean: 8.85 +/- 5.99 months). No clinical side effects were recorded and there were only some slight alterations in the lab test results, although they were not clinically relevant. Clinical stabilisation was achieved in all the patients (100%) with MS and the scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale improved in four patients (40%); clinical stabilisation in 17 patients (100%) with PD and improvements in the score on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in 15 of them (88.2%); and clinical stabilisation in 12 patients (100%) with AD, and an increase in the score obtained on the minimental test in nine cases (75%).CONCLUSIONS: The compound is safe and a promising therapeutic option, since there is a clear tendency towards clinical stabilisation when it is being used. An experimental study needs to be conducted in order to determine the therapeutic scope of the compound and its possible preventive effects, as well as to evaluate other indications.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antioxidants', 'Apigenin', 'Coumaric Acids', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Synergism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Phenylpropionates', 'Prospective Studies', 'Silymarin', 'Young Adult']
| 20,443,170
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.260.110', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.260.110'], ['D02.241.223.200.210'], ['D26.310'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.574'], ['D02.241.223.701'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.268.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.268.777'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cerebrospinal fluid pressure alterations in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Response of cerebrospinal fluid pressure to increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension.
|
The response of cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) pressure to increased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) was evaluated in 5 control animals and 7 animals with experimentally induced communicating hydrocephalus. The CSF pressure in control dogs increased moderately in response to PCO2; in dogs with hydrocephalus, an increase in PCO2 produced a pronounced increase in CSF pressure accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure. Progression of hydrocephalus can be explained by increased intracranial pressure, periventricular edema and cerebral ischemia.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Dogs', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Intracranial Pressure']
| 3,081,349
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['G11.561.170.505']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physically active men show better semen parameters and hormone values than sedentary men.
|
Physical exercise promotes many health benefits. The present study was undertaken to assess possible semen and hormone differences among physically active (PA) subjects and sedentary subjects (SE). The analyzed qualitative sperm parameters were: volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology; where needed, additional testing was performed. The measured hormones were: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), and the ratio between T and C (T/C). Maximum oxygen consumption was also assessed to check for differences in fitness level. Statistically significant differences were found for several semen parameters such as total progressive motility (PA: 60.94 ± 5.03; SE: 56.07 ± 4.55) and morphology (PA: 15.54 ± 1.38, SE: 14.40 ± 1.15). The seminological values observed were supported by differences in hormones, with FSH, LH, and T being higher in PA than in SE (5.68 ± 2.51 vs. 3.14 ± 1.84; 5.95 ± 1.11 vs. 5.08 ± 0.98; 7.68 ± 0.77 vs. 6.49 ± 0.80, respectively). Likewise, the T/C ratio, index of anabolic versus catabolic status, was also higher in PA (0.46 ± 0.11 vs. 0.32 ± 0.07), which further supports the possibility of an improved hormonal environment. The present study shows that there are differences in semen and hormone values of physically active subjects and sedentary subjects. Physically active subjects seem to have a more anabolic hormonal environment and a healthier semen production.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Exercise', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Sedentary Behavior', 'Semen', 'Semen Analysis', 'Sperm Count', 'Young Adult']
| 22,234,399
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F01.145.749', 'F01.829.458.705'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E01.370.225.992', 'E05.200.992'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Prognostic factors for walking attainment in very low-birthweight preterm infants.
|
The purpose of this study was to compare the age of walking attainment between very low-birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants and normal term infants, and to determine the variables that affect the walking attainment in VLBW infants. Ninety-six VLBW preterm infants and 82 normal term infants were prospectively followed to determine their age of walking attainment and to monitor gross motor development with sequential clinic visits at 6, 9, 12 and 18 months corrected age. Perinatal and sociodemographic data were collected through review of medical records. The VLBW infants were significantly older at attainment of walking (median 14 months) than the term infants (median 12 months) after correction for prematurity. By the age of 18 months, all term infants had attained walking ability; while 11% of VLBW infants were still unable to walk. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that low gestational age was significantly associated with late attainment of walking in VLBW infants. With the adjustment for gestational age, prolonged ventilation (or oxygen therapy) and severe retinopathy of prematurity were significant predictors of late walking attainment. Our findings indicate that VLBW preterm infants have an increased risk of delayed attainment of walking. Furthermore, the contribution of low gestational age to the delayed walking attainment in VLBW infants may occur via the plausible pathways of neonatal respiratory distress and severe retinopathy of prematurity.
|
['Aging', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Time Factors', 'Walking']
| 10,996,272
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Small intestinal adenocarcinoma in cats: 32 cases (1978-1985).
|
The medical records of 32 cats with small intestinal adenocarcinoma were reviewed. Common clinical signs included vomiting, dehydration, weight loss, cachexia, anorexia, and lethargy. In 50% of the cats, an abdominal mass was palpated, and in 38%, a mass was seen on radiographs. Biopsy of the tumor without resection was performed in 9 cats; 8 cats were euthanatized at the time of surgery, 7 because of metastases, and 1 cat died 1 day after surgery. In 23 cats, resection was performed. Eleven of these died within 2 weeks after surgery (mean survival time, 2.6 days); 8 had lymph node metastasis. Twelve cats survived greater than 2 weeks after surgery. The mean survival of 11 of these cats was 15 months. Six cats were euthanatized because of recurrent signs; 5 of the 6 had a recurrent abdominal mass. One cat was alive 2 years after surgery. Results of this study indicated that cats with adenocarcinoma, even those cats with advanced disease, can have long-term survival after surgery.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Cat Diseases', 'Cats', 'Female', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 3,350,752
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Anxiety and confidence in using a library by college freshmen and seniors.
|
The first study using a measure of library anxiety showed that 180 college freshmen have significantly higher scores than college seniors. A second study found that among freshmen students, those with high scores on Library Anxiety reported less confidence in using the library than those with low scores, even though the students were equal on several indices of academic ability and performance.
|
['Achievement', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Female', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Humans', 'Library Services', 'Male', 'Self Concept', 'Students']
| 9,400,081
|
[['F01.658.059', 'F02.784.629.054'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.639', 'L01.583.464'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The glutathione thiol-disulfide status in the sea urchin egg during fertilization and the first cell division cycle.
|
The intracellular levels of GSH, GSSG, and protein-glutathione disulfide (protein-SSG) have been measured in the eggs and developing embryos of the sea urchins Lytechinus pictus and Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus. Total cellular glutathione is maintained in a very highly reduced state during these initial stages of development. Thus for unfertilized eggs of L. pictus the results (mumol/g dry weight) were 11 +/- 1 for GSH, 0.02 +/- 0.01 for GSSG, and 0.07 +/- 0.02 for protein-SSG. No significant change in these values was observed upon fertilization of the eggs or during the first cell division cycle. The values obtained with S. purpuratus were somewhat greater, but were also found to exhibit no significant variations upon fertilization or cell division. These observations indicate that changes in the total cellular glutathione thiol-disulfide status are not involved in the control mechanisms which operate during fertilization of the first cell division cycle in the sea urchin egg.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Disulfides', 'Female', 'Fertilization', 'Glutathione', 'Ovum', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Sea Urchins', 'Seasons', 'Species Specificity']
| 952,928
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['G08.686.784.277'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A05.360.490.690', 'A11.497.497', 'A16.690'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['B01.050.500.408.578'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Clinical and electrophysiological study of voice changes in thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)].
|
Changes in the voice are described in 10 thyrotoxic patients. The quality in tone is altered, and frequently, the volume of the voice is diminished. Electrophysiological studies of the speech and of the laryngeal motility have been performed. These changes, which seem to be relatively common, may result from a mild bulbar muscle dysfunction.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperthyroidism', 'Larynx', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Voice']
| 900,874
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.397'], ['A04.329'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.772.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
DNA marker studies show that Machado Joseph disease is not an allele of the Huntington disease locus.
|
Machado Joseph Disease (MJD) is a progressive spinocerebellar atrophy (SCA) with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. On the basis of some similarities in the clinical features and in the abnormal profiles of brain proteins, it has been suggested that MJD might be an allele of the Huntington Disease (HD) locus. Using the DNA probe (pK082), we analyzed the linkage between the DNA marker locus D4S10 and the MJD locus in two large kindreds. The data exclude linkage between these two loci at a distance of 10 cm (Z = - 2.02). Since the D4S10 locus is linked to the HD locus at a distance of approximately 4 cm, we conclude that MJD is not an allele of the HD locus.
|
['Alleles', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Spinocerebellar Degenerations']
| 2,525,613
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.348'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.728'], ['C10.228.140.252.700', 'C10.228.854.787', 'C10.574.500.825', 'C16.320.400.780']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased Thalamocortical Connectivity in Schizophrenia Correlates With Sleep Spindle Deficits: Evidence for a Common Pathophysiology.
|
BACKGROUND: Converging evidence implicates abnormal thalamocortical interactions in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This evidence includes consistent findings of increased resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus with somatosensory and motor cortex during wake and reduced spindle activity during sleep. We hypothesized that these abnormalities would be correlated, reflecting a common mechanism: reduced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons by the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN). The TRN is the major inhibitory nucleus of the thalamus and is abnormal in schizophrenia. Reduced TRN inhibition would be expected to lead to increased and less filtered thalamic relay of sensory and motor information to the cortex during wake and reduced burst firing necessary for spindle initiation during sleep.METHODS: Overnight polysomnography and resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 26 outpatients with schizophrenia and 30 demographically matched healthy individuals. We examined the relations of sleep spindle density during stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep with connectivity of the thalamus to the cortex during wakeful rest.RESULTS: As in prior studies, patients with schizophrenia exhibited increased functional connectivity of the thalamus with bilateral somatosensory and motor cortex and reduced sleep spindle density. Spindle density inversely correlated with thalamocortical connectivity, including in somotosensory and motor cortex, regardless of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS: These findings link two biomarkers of schizophrenia-the sleep spindle density deficit and abnormally increased thalamocortical functional connectivity-and point to deficient TRN inhibition as a plausible mechanism. If TRN-mediated thalamocortical dysfunction increases risk for schizophrenia and contributes to its manifestations, understanding its mechanism could guide the development of targeted interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neural Pathways', 'Polysomnography', 'Schizophrenia', 'Sleep', 'Thalamus']
| 31,262,708
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.612'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Haemostasis with cryoprecipitate in patients undergoing surgery for severe von Willebrand disease.
|
BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the management of haemostasis in patients with severe von Willebrand disease undergoing major surgery. Data on the use of cryoprecipitate in this setting are even more limited. In many developing countries cryoprecipitate is often the only available source of factor replacement. The minimum factor levels required for maintaining haemostasis after surgery have never been carefully evaluated.METHODS: Data from 3 patients with severe von Willebrand disease who underwent 4 major surgical procedures at our institution, using lower than standard recommended doses of cryoprecipitate were analysed for adequacy of factor replacement and complications.RESULTS: The average preoperative cryoprecipitate infusion was 22.5 i.u. of factor VIII/kg (range: 15-25). The bleeding time done by the modified Ivy method, 30 minutes after infusion, was normal in all these patients. The average cryoprecipitate support for days 1-3 was 16.5 i.u. of factor VIII/kg/day (range: 12.5-25) and for days 4-10 was 12.4 i.u. of factor VIII/kg/day (range: 8.3-16). The mean duration of factor replacement was 12 days (range: 7-17). Two patients had delayed bleeding, one on day 3 attributed to the inadvertent use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and the second on day 10 which was probably secondary to septicaemia. Bleeding resolved in both these patients as soon as the precipitating factors were relieved.CONCLUSION: The total amount of factor replaced in our patients is approximately half of what would have been used if the usual recommendations were followed. The data suggests that lower doses of cryoprecipitate could be adequate for major surgery and wound healing in severe von Willebrand disease. This will lead to lowering of costs and reducing the risk of transfusion-associated virus infection.
|
['Adult', 'Cost Savings', 'Factor VIII', 'Female', 'Fibrinogen', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Care', 'von Willebrand Diseases']
| 11,002,685
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N03.219.151.160.200'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['C15.378.100.100.900', 'C15.378.100.141.900', 'C15.378.140.900', 'C15.378.463.920', 'C16.320.099.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Outcomes in Multidisciplinary Team-based Approach in Geriatric Hip Fracture Care: A Systematic Review.
|
INTRODUCTION: This systematic review analyzes the literature on the treatment of geriatric hip fractures by a multidisciplinary hip fracture service including geriatricians/internists and orthopaedic surgeons and what impact this has on patient outcomes.METHODS: A systematic review of several databases was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies comparing an orthopaedic-led care model versus a coordinated orthogeriatrics care model or a geriatrics-led care model to treat hip fractures with reported outcomes for time to surgery, length of stay, readmission rates, and postoperative mortality were included.RESULTS: Seventeen articles fitting the inclusion criteria were included. Differences between the results of an orthopaedic-led care model versus a coordinated orthogeriatrics care model or a geriatrics-led care model were assessed using chi-squared tests. With patients admitted under a coordinated orthogeriatrics care model or a geriatrics-led care model, there is a statistically significant decrease in time to surgery (P = 0.045), length of stay (P = 0.0036), and postoperative mortality rates (P = 0.0034).CONCLUSIONS: Although a heterogeneous group of studies, the aggregate data from several studies using an orthogeriatrics care model or a geriatrics-led care model trend toward improvements across several clinical and cost-related outcome measures: decreased time to surgery, shorter length of stay, improved postoperative clinical outcomes, decreased mortality, and lower cost.
|
['Geriatrics', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Readmission', 'Time-to-Treatment']
| 31,977,613
|
[['H02.403.355'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['E02.760.928', 'N02.421.585.928']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Providing services to survivors of domestic violence: a comparison of rural and urban service provider perceptions.
|
Although there is a considerable body of knowledge about domestic violence, a limited proportion focuses on domestic violence in rural settings. Using a nonprobability purposive sampling technique, 93 providers of domestic violence services from rural and urban localities in North Carolina and Virginia were located and asked to complete a self-administered survey soliciting provider perceptions about service consumers, the general public, themselves, and inter- and intra-agency issues. Significant differences were observed between rural and urban providers about service consumer needs and experiences, perceptions about the general public, area resource availability, agency funding, provider training, and worker safety. Implications of these differences are discussed.
|
['Community Mental Health Services', 'Domestic Violence', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'North Carolina', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Rural Health Services', 'Rural Population', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Survivors', 'Urban Health Services', 'Urban Population', 'Virginia']
| 17,369,448
|
[['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['I01.198.240.856.350', 'I01.880.735.900.350'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.475', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.530'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N01.600.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.860'], ['N02.421.914'], ['N01.600.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.837', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.870']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mixture design as first step for improved glutaminase production in solid-state fermentation by isolated Bacillus.
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AIM: Investigation of mixture-design impact on glutaminase production by isolated Bacillus sp.METHODS AND RESULTS: An augmented simplex centroid design was used to optimize a three (wheat bran, Bengal gram husk and palm seed fibre) component mixture for glutaminase production. Selected substrate materials showed impact on glutaminase production values at individual level by Bengal gram husk [2789 U gds(-1) (gram dry substrate] and in two-level combination with wheat bran and Bengal gram husk (maximum of 3300 U gds(-1)).CONCLUSION: Bengal gram husk is the most suitable substrate medium for glutaminase production by Bacillus sp. Maximum glutaminase production is achieved using solid-substrate mixture at two-level combinations in the ratio of 66 : 34 for Bengal gram husk and wheat bran, respectively.SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The present study has significance in large-scale production of glutaminase at commercial level with the use of multi-substrate rather than single-substrate/support material.
|
['Bacillus', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Bioreactors', 'Biotechnology', 'Fermentation', 'Glutaminase', 'Seeds']
| 18,761,613
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D08.811.277.087.483'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint catgut embedment therapy: a randomized controlled trial].
|
OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term and long-term efficacies on primary dysmenorrhea treated with staging acupoint embedment therapy.METHODS: Seventy cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an embedment therapy group and a fenbid group, 35 cases in each one. In the embedment therapy group, the embedment therapy was applied twice during the menstrual cycle, one treatment 3 days before menstruation and one treatment during the 12th-14th days of menstruation, respectively. Guanyuan (CV 4), Zigong (EX-CA 1), Diji (SP 8) and Ciliao (BL 32) were the main acupoints in the treatment 3 days before menstruation. Shenshu (BL 23), Ganshu (BL 18) and Pishu (BL 20) were the main acupoints in the treatment during menstruation. In the fenbid group, fenbid was prescribed for oral administration, 0.3 g each time, twice a day, starting 3 days before menstruation till pain was relieved. The treatment of one menstrual cycle was one session. The continuous treatment of 3 menstrual cycles was required. The short-term and long-term efficacies were evaluated at the end of the 3rd cycle and in 3 months after the treatment terminal. The dysmenorrhea score was used to evaluate the efficacy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 were for the assessment of pain degree and life quality.RESULTS: (1) The total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group after the 3 menstrual cycles, which was better than 74.3% (26/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). In the follow-up stage, the total effective rate was 91.4% (32/35) in the embedment therapy group, which was better than 40.0% (14/35) in the fenbid group (P < 0.01). (2) The differences were not significant in dysmenorrhea score and VAS score after the 1st and 2nd menstrual cycle treatments between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the dysmenorrhea score and VAS score were reduced obviously in the embedment therapy group as compared with those in the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The rebound effect occurred in the follow-up stage in the fenbid group. (3) In the 3rd menstrual cycle and the follow-up stage, the improvement in the total score of life quality of the embedment therapy group was superior apparently to the fenbid group (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01).CONCLUSION: The staging acupoint embedment therapy achieves the superior short-term and long-term efficacies as compared with the oral administration of fenbid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. As the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and pain are relieved, the life quality is improved.
|
['Acupuncture Points', 'Acupuncture Therapy', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Catgut', 'Dysmenorrhea', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pain Measurement', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 24,796,043
|
[['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['E02.190.044'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E07.858.690.820.250'], ['C23.550.568.750', 'C23.888.592.612.944.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Association between milk urea nitrogen and fertility in Ohio dairy cows.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and fertility of dairy cows using field data. The data came from 24 dairy herds belonging to Ohio Dairy Herd Improvement Cooperative Inc. Reproductive data and MUN measurements from cows that calved between June 1998 and May 1999 and that had been bred at least once were included in the study. Survival analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model, was performed and days from calving to conception or to the end of the study was used as the outcome. Cows that had not been reported pregnant during the study were considered censored. The mean of monthly MUN values of cows before conception (or the end of the study for censored cows) was used to reflect the MUN status of a cow. Animals were categorized into quartiles based on MUN values in these data. Parity, calving season, peak milk yield, number of services, and herd were included in the models as fixed effects. Cows with MUN levels below 10.0 were 2.4 times more likely and cows with MUN levels between 10.0 and 12.7 mg/dl were 1.4 times more likely to be confirmed pregnant than cows with MUN values above 15.4 mg/dl. Our results indicate that increasing MUN levels appear to be negatively related to dairy cow fertility and are associated with a lower risk of detectable pregnancy at herd checks. They also suggest that the levels of MUN that are adversely associated with fertility might be lower than reported earlier.
|
['Animals', 'Breeding', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Infertility, Female', 'Milk', 'Nitrogen', 'Parity', 'Pregnancy', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Seasons', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Urea']
| 11,233,033
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['C13.351.500.365.700'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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The slow Ca(2+)-activated K+ current, IAHP, in the rat sympathetic neurone.
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1. Adult and intact sympathetic neurones of the rat superior cervical ganglion maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C were analysed using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in order to investigate the slow component of the Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current, IAHP. 2. The relationship between the after-hyperpolarization (AHP) conductance, gAHP, and estimated Ca2+ influx resulting from short-duration calcium currents evoked at various voltages proved to be linear over a wide range of injected Ca2+ charge. An inflow of about 1.7 x 10(7) Ca2+ ions was required before significant activation of gAHP occurred. After priming, the gAHP sensitivity was about 0.3 nS pC-1 of Ca2+ inward charge. 3. IAHP was repeatedly measured at different membrane potentials; its amplitude decreased linearly with membrane hyperpolarization and was mostly abolished close to the K+ reversal potential, EK (-93 mV). The monoexponential decay rate of IAHP was a linear function of total Ca2+ entry and was not significantly altered by membrane potential in the -40 to -80 mV range. 4. Voltage-clamp tracings of IAHP could be modelled as a difference between two exponentials with tau on approximately 5 ms and tau off = 50-250 ms. 5. Sympathetic neurones discharged only once at the onset of a long-lasting depolarizing step. If IAHP was selectively blocked by apamin or D-tubocurarine treatments, accommodation was abolished and an unusual repetitive firing appeared. 6. Summation of IAHP was demonstrated under voltage-clamp conditions when the depolarizing steps were repeated sufficiently close to one another. Under current-clamp conditions the threshold depolarizing charge for action potential discharge significantly increased with progressive pulse numbers in the train, suggesting that an opposing conductance was accumulating with repetitive firing. This frequency-dependent spike firing ability was eliminated by pharmacological inhibition of the slow IAHP. 7. The IAHP was significantly activated by a single action potential; it was turned on cumulatively by Ca2+ load during successive action potential discharge and acted to further limit cell excitability.
|
['Animals', 'Apamin', 'Calcium', 'Curare', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ion Channels', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Neurological', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Superior Cervical Ganglion', 'Tubocurarine']
| 7,539,840
|
[['B01.050'], ['D20.888.065.115.060', 'D23.946.833.065.115.060'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D20.215.784.500.200'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A08.340.315.350.850', 'A08.800.050.300.300.850', 'A08.800.050.800.300.850'], ['D02.092.877.922', 'D02.675.276.922', 'D03.132.098.916', 'D03.633.100.531.085.944', 'D03.633.100.531.820.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in children of chronic hepatitis B mothers.
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OBJECTIVE: Although all newborns in Iran have been vaccinated against hepatitis B since March 1993, routine screening of pregnant women has not been conducted in prenatal care programs, yet transmission of hepatitis B via the maternal-fetal route is still a viable likelihood, which must be entertained.METHODS: The subjects were divided into 2 groups. The exposed group comprised 97 vaccinated children whose mothers were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and had not received hepatitis immunoglobulin at birth. The unexposed group consisted of 87 vaccinated children whose mothers were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen. We compared these 2 groups to determine the efficacy of vaccine alone in high-risk children. This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, from June 2002 to December 2002. All children were born after 1993.RESULTS: Chronic infection (HBsAg positivity) was detected in 14.3% of children in the exposed group. There were no instances of chronic infection in the unexposed group (relative risk [RR]=13.48, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.8-100.02). Previous infection of hepatitis B (HBcAb positivity) was found in 29 (29.9%) children in the exposed group, but only one (1.2%) in the unexposed group (RR=26.01, 95% CI: 3.61-186.95). Immunity (HBsAb positivity) in the exposed group measured 48 (49.5%) and unexposed group measured 56 (64.4%) (R.R=0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99).CONCLUSION: Vaccination alone did not induce immunity against hepatitis B in high-risk children; it seems that routine screening of pregnant women is necessary for determining whether neonates need hepatitis B immunoglobulin after birth.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B Vaccines', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Iran', 'Male', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prevalence', 'Primary Prevention', 'Probability', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Distribution', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Vaccination']
| 15,494,813
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D20.215.894.899.955.400'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['Z01.252.245.500.350'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['N02.421.726.758', 'N06.850.780.680'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Microviscosity of hydroxypropylcellulose gels as a basis for prediction of drug diffusion rates.
|
This study investigated the influence of the rheological properties of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) gels on the in vitro release of theophylline included in the gel at 0.2 g/l. Experiments were performed with six HPC varieties (mean molecular weight between 5x105 and 1.2x106, nominal viscosity between 100 and 4000 mPa.s) at concentrations of 0-2% (w/w). Theophylline diffusion coefficients at 37 degrees C ranged from 3.5x10-7 to 1.1x10-3 cm2/min, and were in all cases markedly higher than those predicted on the basis of gel macroviscosity as determined by capillary viscometry. In general, the theophylline diffusion coefficient declined exponentially with HPC concentration; in the case of the lowest-molecular-weight HPC, however, the diffusion coefficient remained constant to HPC concentrations of up to 0.8%, probably because of the high entanglement concentration of the HPC. Gel microviscosities as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with latex microspheres (162 nm diameter) were considerably lower than the macroviscosities determined by capillary viscometry, and similar to microviscosities estimated on the basis of theophylline diffusion. Nevertheless, macroviscosity was correlated with microviscosity, suggesting that it is of value for approximate estimates of rates of diffusion of theophylline from HPC gels.
|
['Cellulose', 'Diffusion', 'Gels', 'Theophylline', 'Viscosity']
| 10,089,296
|
[['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of regional with general anaesthesia on postoperative delirium (RAGA-delirium) in the older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.
|
INTRODUCTION: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common serious postoperative complication especially in older people and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs. There is no clear consensus which anaesthesia is associated with less incidence of POD for older patients. We aim to assess whether regional anaesthesia results in lower incidence of POD comparing with general anaesthesia (GA) among older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: RAGA-delirium is a pragmatic, multicentre, prospective, parallel grouped, randomised controlled clinical trial comparing RA or GA for hip fracture surgery. A total of 1000 patients who are 65 years or over and who are having planned hip fracture surgery in nine clinical trial centres of China will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either anaesthesia for the surgery. The primary endpoint will be the incidence of POD at day 7. The secondary endpoints will be the subtype, severity and duration of delirium, postoperative acute pain score, incidence of other postoperative non-delirium complications, quality of life and cost-effective outcomes. Randomisation will be performed at the patient level using computer-generated assignment. Outcome assessors will be blinded from intervention assignment. Assessments will be conducted before surgery, intraoperatively, postoperatively, during the hospital stay, at 30-day, 6-month and 1-year postoperative intervals.POTENTIAL IMPACT OF STUDY: This study will provide clinical evidence with a more robust methodology to help anaesthetists in selecting appropriate anaesthesia for older patients with high risk for POD. At the era of increasing emphasis on delirium prevention, this trial has the potential to inform the future national guideline to reduce POD.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approved by the local institutional review board. Trial results will be presented at national and international academic conferences, and published in peer-reviewed journals.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02213380); pre-results.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'China', 'Delirium', 'Female', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Research Design', 'Time Factors']
| 29,061,612
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E03.155.197'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Retrospective investigation and molecular characteristics of the recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus circulating in Muscovy duck flocks in China.
|
The recombinant Muscovy duck parvovirus (rMDPV) has been recently characterized and identified in China. However, whether other additional rMDPV field isolates exist, and whether these strains possess common molecular characteristics, remain to be explored. In this retrospective study, two new rMDPV isolates, namely, JH06 and JH10, were identified through genome sequencing and recombination analysis. JH06, JH10, and four previously characterized rMDPV strains (SAAS-SHNH, ZW, FJM3, and PT97) underwent the same recombination events in a 1.1-kb region in their VP3 genes and displayed highly consistent beginning and ending breakpoints. JH06, JH10, SAAS-SHNH, ZW, and FJM3, but not PT97, underwent recombination in their P9 promoter regions. In both recombination events, the classical MDPV strain YY acted as the major parent, whereas the virulent strain DY16 and the vaccine strain SYG61v of goose parvovirus (GPV) served as the minor parents. The sequence alignments of inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) revealed that rMDPV strains shared higher identities (96.0%-97.2%) with classical MDPV strains than with GPV and contained typical one-nucleotide-pair deletions in the palindromic stems of their ITRs. This work elucidated the common molecular characteristics and differences of six rMDPV strains. The results of this work will facilitate the preparation of an efficacious vaccine for the protection of Muscovy ducks against rMDPV infection.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'China', 'Dependovirus', 'Ducks', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Parvoviridae Infections', 'Parvovirus', 'Phylogeny', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Random Allocation', 'Recombination, Genetic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 30,958,706
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B04.280.580.650.170'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C01.925.256.700'], ['B04.280.580.650.600'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C22.131.728'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G05.728'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.393.751'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The use of native cation-exchange chromatography to study aggregation and phase separation of monoclonal antibodies.
|
This study introduces a novel analytical approach for studying aggregation and phase separation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The approach is based on using analytical scale cation-exchange chromatography (CEX) for measuring the loss of soluble monomer in the case of individual and mixed protein solutions. Native CEX outperforms traditional size-exclusion chromatography in separating complex protein mixtures, offering an easy way to assess mAb aggregation propensity. Different IgG1 and IgG2 molecules were tested individually and in mixtures consisting of up to four protein molecules. Antibody aggregation was induced by four different stress factors: high temperature, low pH, addition of fatty acids, and rigorous agitation. The extent of aggregation was determined from the amount of monomeric protein remaining in solution after stress. Consequently, it was possible to address the role of specific mAb regions in antibody aggregation by co-incubating Fab and Fc fragments with their respective full-length molecules. Our results revealed that the relative contribution of Fab and Fc regions in mAb aggregation is strongly dependent on pH and the stress factor applied. In addition, the CEX-based approach was used to study reversible protein precipitation due to phase separation, which demonstrated its use for a broader range of protein-protein association phenomena. In all cases, the role of Fab and Fc was clearly dissected, providing important information for engineering more stable mAb-based therapeutics.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Cations', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Fatty Acids', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Protein Multimerization', 'Temperature']
| 20,512,972
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D10.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['G02.111.694'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The experience of activity pacing in chronic pain management-An interpretive phenomenological analysis of out-patient physiotherapists and patients.
|
PURPOSE: Activity pacing (AP) is widely used to manage chronic pain. However, recent developments in pain management do not necessarily include AP. Research has explored the experience of AP for physiotherapists who specialize in chronic pain. The innovation of this study is to build on previous research by exploring the experiences of patients and physiotherapists who do not specialize in chronic pain.METHODS: We interviewed eight patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain who had used AP and eight physiotherapists working in an out-patient department who had not specialized in chronic pain. Interviews were recorded, and transcribed verbatim and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) were used for analysis.RESULTS: We present the following themes: 1) I have tried everything and have no other place to go; 2) AP provides a tangible, physical structure that can be used flexibly; 3) working to retune the brain to a different way of life; 4) retuning the brain can pay off in the end as "less is more"; 5) working hard to connect with patients; 6) connecting with patients can be exhausting; and 7) the patient needs to be on board.CONCLUSION: AP can provide a useful vehicle for psychological change through experiential learning. It can support psychological flexibility and is not incompatible with other biopsychosocial approaches.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Pain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Musculoskeletal Pain', 'Pain Management', 'Physical Therapy Modalities']
| 28,786,699
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651.538', 'C23.888.592.612.547', 'F02.830.816.353', 'G11.561.790.353'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E02.779', 'E02.831.535']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison and evaluation of rigid, affine, and nonrigid registration of breast MR images.
|
PURPOSE: A new nonrigid registration method, designed to reduce the effect of movement artifact in subtraction images from breast MR, is compared with existing rigid and affine registration methods.METHOD: Nonrigid registration was compared with rigid and affine registration methods and unregistered images using 54 gadolinium-enhanced 3D breast MR data sets. Twenty-seven data sets had been previously reported normal, and 27 contained a histologically proven carcinoma. The comparison was based on visual assessment and ranking by two radiologists.RESULTS: When analyzed by two radiologists independently, all three registration methods gave better-quality subtraction images than unregistered images (p < 0.01), but nonrigid registration gave significantly better results than the rigid and affine registration methods (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between rigid and affine registration methods.CONCLUSION: Nonrigid registration significantly reduces the effects of movement artifact in subtracted contrast-enhanced breast MRI. This may enable better visualization of small tumors and those within a glandular breast.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Algorithms', 'Breast', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 10,524,870
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A01.236'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['D02.092.782.590.401', 'D02.241.081.018.639.400', 'D02.257.141'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Feasibility of simultaneous PET/MR imaging in the head and upper neck area.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to test and demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and upper neck area using a new hybrid PET/MRI system.METHODS: Eight patients with malignant head and neck tumours were included in the pilot study. Directly after routine PET/CT imaging with a whole-body system using the glucose derivative 2-[?⁸F]fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as a radiotracer additional measurements were performed with a prototype PET/MRI system for simultaneous PET and MR imaging. Physiological radiotracer uptake within regular anatomical structures as well as tumour uptake were evaluated visually and semiquantitatively (metabolic ratios) in relation to cerebellar uptake on the PET/MRI and PET/CT systems.RESULTS: The MR datasets showed excellent image quality without any recognisable artefacts caused by the inserted PET system. PET images obtained with the PET/MRI system exhibited better detailed resolution and greater image contrast in comparison to those from the PET/CT system. An excellent agreement between metabolic ratios obtained with both PET systems was found: R = 0.99 for structures with physiological tracer uptake, R = 0.96 for tumours.CONCLUSION: Simultaneous PET/MRI of the head and upper neck area is feasible with the new hybrid PET/MRI prototype.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 21,308,378
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Molecular and cellular aspects of radiation hormesis in Drosophila melanogaster].
|
The long-term effects of the R-irradiation of D. melanogaster at the 1-hour egg stage with the dosages of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 Gy were investigated. DNA samples were isolated from whole 5-6-days adult males. The aliquots of DNA were digested by S1-nuclease. Preimaginal stage lethality increased with irradiation dose increasing. At the same time, decrease in imaginal LS (life span) was observed after irradiation with the greatest dose (4 Gy) only. Moreover, hormesis by LS has revealed: in males irradiation with 0.25, 0.75 and 1 Gy increased the mean LS, and with 0.25 and 0.5 Gy caused the maximum LS; in females exposures with 0.25, 0.75 and 2 Gy increased the maximum LS. The densitometric assay of DNA electrophoregrams showed decrease by 39.2% of the part of high-molecular-weight DNA in control as a result of S1-nuclease action. Samples of DNA from the irradiated flies were more stable to enzyme action. The higher stability of DNA originated from the irradiated flies could be the result of reparation system activation. Ultrastructural changes induced at the egg stage by irradiation at the dose of 0.75 Gy testify the increased transcriptional activity of the brain cells.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'DNA', 'Deoxyribonucleases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Drosophila melanogaster', 'Female', 'Homeostasis', 'Life Expectancy', 'Male', 'Oocytes', 'Radiation Dosage', 'S Phase', 'Sex Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 12,945,182
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.277.352.335'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250.500'], ['G07.410'], ['E05.318.308.985.450', 'N01.224.935.464', 'N06.850.505.400.975.450', 'N06.850.520.308.985.450'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancement of insulin responsiveness by nitric oxide-mediated inactivation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases.
|
NO synthesis is a prerequisite for proper insulin sensitivity in insulin-targeted tissues; however, the molecular basis for this process remains unclear. Using a gain-of-function model of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS)-transfected COS-7 cells, we have shown a critical role of NO in insulin responsiveness, as evidenced by an NO-dependent increase of tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the insulin receptor and its downstream effectors insulin receptor substrate-1 and PKB/AKT. We hypothesized that NO-induced inactivation of endogenous protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) would enhance insulin receptor-mediated signaling. To test this hypothesis, we devised a new method of the PTP labeling using a cysteine sulfhydryl-reacted probe. Under the acidic conditions employed in this study, the probe recognized the reduced and active forms but not the S-nitrosylated and inactive forms of endogenous PTPs. Our data suggest that phosphatases SHP-1, SHP-2, and PTP1B, but not TC-PTP, are likely S-nitrosylated at the active site cysteine residue concomitantly with a burst of NO production in signaling response to insulin stimulation. These results were further confirmed by phosphatase activity assays. We investigated further the role of NO as a regulator of insulin signaling by RNA interference that ablates endogenous eNOS expression in endothelial MS-1 cells. We have shown that eNOS-dependent NO production is essential for the activation of insulin signaling. Our findings demonstrate that NO mediates enhancement of insulin responsiveness via the inhibition of insulin receptor phosphatases.
|
['Animals', 'COS Cells', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cysteine', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Nitrogen', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transfection', 'Tyrosine']
| 20,064,934
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D12.644.360.024.301', 'D12.776.157.057.045', 'D12.776.476.024.382'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D27.505.519.656', 'D27.505.954.411.590'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.100', 'D12.644.360.585.100', 'D12.776.476.564.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.800', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.800', 'D12.644.360.585.800', 'D12.776.476.564.800', 'D12.776.476.800.800'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.200', 'D12.644.360.585.200', 'D12.776.476.564.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.300.600', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.700.200', 'D12.644.360.585.600', 'D12.644.360.800.200', 'D12.776.476.564.600', 'D12.776.476.800.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of the local worst-case SAR exposure caused by an MRI multi-transmit body coil in anatomical models of the human body.
|
Multi-transmit coils are increasingly being employed in high-field magnetic resonance imaging, along with a growing interest in multi-transmit body coils. However, they can lead to an increase in whole-body and local specific absorption rate (SAR) compared to conventional body coils excited in circular polarization for the same total incident input power. In this study, the maximum increase of SAR for three significantly different human anatomies is investigated for a large 3 T (128 MHz) multi-transmit body coil using numerical simulations and a (generalized) eigenvalue-based approach. The results demonstrate that the increase of SAR strongly depends on the anatomy. For the three models and normalization to the sum of the rung currents squared, the whole-body averaged SAR increases by up to a factor of 1.6 compared to conventional excitation and the peak spatial SAR (averaged over any 10 cm(3) of tissue) by up to 13.4. For some locations the local averaged SAR goes up as much as 800 times (130 when looking only at regions where it is above 1% of the peak spatial SAR). The ratio of the peak spatial SAR to the whole-body SAR increases by a factor of up to 47 and can reach values above 800. Due to the potentially much larger power deposition, additional, preferably patient-specific, considerations are necessary to avoid injuries by such systems.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Safety']
| 21,734,334
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Myocardial Hypoenhancement on Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients With Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome].
|
The purpose of our study was analysis of myocardial hypoenhancement areas (MHAs) found by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) and comparison of these findings with results of standard methods of diagnostics of myocardial infarction and ischemia [electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO)].METHODS: MHAs were found in 18 of 21 patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (85.7%) and only in 3 of 22 patients with unstable angina (UA) (13.6%, p.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Multidetector Computed Tomography', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 29,276,924
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800.500', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800.249', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800.249'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Snapshot of Teleretinal Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy at the West Los Angeles Medical Center.
|
INTRODUCTION: The West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center is a large urban facility with a robust teleretinal screening program in primary care clinic, established in 2006. The purpose of this article is to provide a snapshot of teleretinal screening at this site.METHODS: Diabetic patients from 2012 were analyzed with a prospective cohort study. Demographic information, results of teleretinal screening, referral to eye clinic, and loss to follow-up (defined as no eye care within 2 years) were collected.RESULTS: Of 516 patients with diabetes screened with teleretinal imaging, 120 patient charts were reviewed for data analysis. Teleretinal imaging diagnosed 15% (18/120) of patients with varying stages of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). Of patients screened, 55.8% (67/120) of the patients were referred to an eye clinic for further ophthalmic evaluation. Nondiabetic retinopathy reasons for eye clinic referral included glaucoma suspect (13.3%, 16/120) and age-related macular degeneration (10.0%, 12/120). Of all patients screened, 37.5% (45/120) of them were lost to follow-up, defined as no teleretinal screening or eye clinic appointment within 2 years. Patients who lived farther away from clinic had a higher risk of loss to follow-up (p = 0.04).DISCUSSION: We found, although only 15% of patients were diagnosed with DR from teleretinal screening, more than 50% of patients were referred to eye clinic. In addition, of all screened patients, there was a high rate of not returning to the Veterans Affairs (VA) for eye care.
|
['Aged', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Los Angeles', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Telemedicine', 'United States', 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs']
| 26,985,625
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['N02.278.035'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.450', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.450', 'Z01.433.565'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['C11.768'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['I01.409.418.750.700', 'N03.540.348.500.500.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Overexpression of the class II P-glycoprotein gene in primary rat hepatocyte culture: evidence for increased mRNA stability.
|
The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) appears to be responsible for multidrug resistance in some human cancers. The molecular basis of this overexpression is not understood. We have used primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes as a model system to study the regulation of Pgp gene expression (Lee et al., J. Cell. Physiol., 157: 392-402, 1993). We observed a dramatic and specific overexpression of class II Pgp as a function of the time in culture. This isoform of Pgp, which is expressed at a very low level in normal liver, has also been shown to be predominantly overexpressed in several models of rat liver carcinogenesis. In the present study, we have used nuclear run-on assays and mRNA decay studies to investigate the mechanism for the overexpression of class II Pgp in cultured hepatocytes. We conclude that an increased mRNA stability is the major factor involved in the increased expression of class II Pgp. Studies using various drugs indicate that the integrity of the cytoskeleton is important for the maintenance of high expression of class II Pgp. Disruption of the cytoskeleton in cultured hepatocytes with cytochalasin D did not affect the transcriptional activity of the class II Pgp gene but rapidly destabilized its mRNA. This raises the possibility that an association between class II Pgp mRNA and cytoskeletal elements may underlie the mechanism that regulates class II Pgp mRNA stability. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the overexpression of class II Pgp during liver carcinogenesis.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytochalasin D', 'Dactinomycin', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Half-Life', 'Liver', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Receptors, Interleukin-6', 'Time Factors', 'Tubulin']
| 7,794,802
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.473.231.450', 'D23.946.587.370.450'], ['D03.633.300.200', 'D04.345.566.252', 'D12.644.641.252'], ['G05.308'], ['G01.910.405'], ['A03.620'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Telemedicine in vitreoretinal surgery].
|
The authors present one-year experience of the multimedia role in ophthalmology with particularly review on example in vitreoretinal surgery. It has been shown goal of the project, methodology, evaluation of one-year work results and possibility of project's expansion.
|
['Europe', 'Humans', 'Remote Consultation', 'Retina', 'Telemedicine', 'Vitreous Body']
| 10,870,633
|
[['Z01.542'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.178.847.652.550', 'N04.452.758.849.550', 'N04.590.374.800.550'], ['A09.371.729'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Primiparous women's preferences for care during a prolonged latent phase of labour.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate primiparous women's preferences for care during a prolonged latent phase of labour.METHODS: A qualitative study based on focus groups and individual interviews and analysed with inductive content analysis.RESULTS: Sixteen primiparous women with a prolonged latent phase of labour >18 hours were interviewed in five focus groups (n = 11) or individually (n = 5). One main category emerged "Beyond normality - a need of individual adapted guidance in order to understand and manage an extended latent phase of labour" which covers the women's preferences during the prolonged latent phase. Five categories were generated from the data: "A welcoming manner and not being rejected", "Individually adapted care", "Important information which prepares for reality and coping", "Participation and need for feedback" and "Staying nearby the labour ward or being admitted for midwifery support". Women with a prolonged latent phase of labour sought to use their own resources, but their needs for professional support increased as time passed. A welcoming attitude from an available midwife during the latent phase created a feeling of security, and personally adapted care was perceived positively.CONCLUSIONS: Women with a prolonged latent phase of labour preferred woman-centred care. Midwives play an important role in supporting these women. Women's need for midwifery-support increases as the time spent in latent phase increases.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Delivery, Obstetric', 'Female', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Labor Stage, First', 'Midwifery', 'Parity', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Participation', 'Patient Preference', 'Patient-Centered Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Professional-Patient Relations', 'Qualitative Research', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 26,842,637
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E04.520.252'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.500.080'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['G08.686.677', 'G08.686.784.769.472', 'N06.850.490.812.600'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['N04.590.233.727.407'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['F01.829.401.650', 'N05.300.660'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Comparison of body composition and somatotype of trained female triathletes.
|
The body composition and somatotype of 16 trained female triathletes aged 18.8-32.8 years were measured. All of the subjects were engaged in a competitive training programme and participated in the same triathlon. Anthropometric variables included height, mass, selected diameters, girths and skinfolds, and a Heath-Carter anthropometric somatotype. Body composition was determined by hydrostatic weighing procedures and skinfold patterns. Comparisons were made with Olympic swimmers and runners. The triathletes had a mean body mass of 55.2 kg and a mean height of 162.1 cm. When compared to swimmers, the triathletes were somewhat shorter and significantly (P less than 0.005) older. On most other measures, including a balanced mesomorph somatotype of 3.1-4.3-2.6, they were similar to swimmers. This group of triathletes were generally heavier, less lean, more mesomorphic and less ectomorphic than elite runners. Reported body densities from other studies indicated little difference between the triathletes and other groups. Skinfold patterns were similar in shape for all groups, but the runners had smaller values, at all sites, than either swimmers or triathletes. Because of lack of information on cyclists, adequate comparisons were not possible. Regression analysis indicated that training parameters were more important than anthropometric measures in the prediction of performance. It was concluded that this group of triathletes were closer, with respect to both body composition and somatotype, to swimmers than to runners.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anthropometry', 'Bicycling', 'Body Composition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Running', 'Somatotypes', 'Sports', 'Swimming']
| 1,895,351
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['I03.450.642.845.140'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.233.543'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['E01.370.600.115.800', 'G07.100.800'], ['I03.450.642.845'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of single-dose prophylactic co-trimoxazole on the incidence of gynaecological postoperative urinary tract infection.
|
One hundred patients having abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions were randomized into two groups; 50 received co-trimoxazole by intramuscular injection immediately before operation and a control group of 50 were given no antibacterial cover. Single-dose chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole was effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection from 35% in the control group to 4% in the treated group.
|
['Adult', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Random Allocation', 'Sulfamethoxazole', 'Trimethoprim', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 7,046,784
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['D26.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['D02.065.884.725.867', 'D02.092.146.807.867', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867'], ['D03.383.742.906'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Revisiting an old disease? Risk factors for bovine enzootic haematuria in the Kingdom of Bhutan.
|
Bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) is a debilitating disease of cattle caused by chronic ingestion of bracken fern. Control of BEH is difficult when bracken fern is abundant and fodder resources are limited. To fill a significant knowledge gap on modifiable risk factors for BEH, we conducted a case-control study to identify cattle management practices associated with BEH in the Bhutanese cattle population. A case-control study involving 16 of the 20 districts of Bhutan was carried out between March 2012 and June 2014. In Bhutan sodium acid phosphate and hexamine (SAP&H) is used to treat BEH-affected cattle. All cattle greater than three years of age and treated with SAP&H in 2011 were identified from treatment records held by animal health offices. Households with at least one SAP&H-treated cattle were defined as probable cases. Probable case households were visited and re-classified as confirmed case households if the BEH status of cattle was confirmed following clinical examination and urinalysis. Two control households were selected from the same village as the case household. Households were eligible to be controls if: (1) householders reported that none of their cattle had shown red urine during the previous five years, and (2) haematuria was absent in a randomly selected animal from the herd following clinical examination. Details of cattle management practices were elicited from case and control householders using a questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model was used to quantify the association between exposures of interest and household BEH status. A total of 183 cases and 345 controls were eligible for analysis. After adjusting for known confounders, the odds of free-grazing for two and three months in the spring were 3.81 (95% CI 1.27-11.7) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.15-4.53) times greater, respectively, in case households compared to controls. The odds of using fresh fern and dry fern as bedding in the warmer months were 2.05 (95% CI 1.03-4.10) and 2.08 (95% CI 0.88-4.90) times greater, respectively, in cases compared to controls. This study identified two husbandry practices that could be modified to reduce the risk of BEH in Bhutanese cattle. Avoiding the use of bracken fern as bedding is desirable, however, if fern is the only available material, it should be harvested during the colder months of the year. Improving access to alternative fodder crops will reduce the need for householders to rely on free-grazing as the main source of metabolisable energy for cattle during the spring.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Bhutan', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Ferns', 'Hematuria', 'Housing, Animal', 'Indans', 'Logistic Models', 'Plant Poisoning', 'Risk Factors', 'Saline Waters', 'Sesquiterpenes', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 28,460,742
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.245.162'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.063'], ['C12.777.934.442', 'C13.351.968.934.442', 'C23.550.414.849'], ['J03.340.250', 'N06.230.150.360.250'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.486.487', 'D04.615.486.487'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C25.723.756'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G16.500.275.725'], ['D02.455.849.765'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sample size required for predefined linkage decision quality.
|
A method for estimating the sample size required to attain a predefined linkage decision quality (type I and type II errors) is proposed using the linkage test power estimate developed by Ginsburg et al. [(1996) Genet Epidemiol 13:355-366]. The method is applicable for samples of arbitrarily structured pedigrees collected via proband. Comparison of different ascertainment schemes and pedigree structures by their consequent minimal sample size was performed. For recessive and dominant inheritance with complete penetrance, the relative ranks of the ascertainment schemes are invariant regardless of the true recombination fraction value and the trait and marker gene frequencies, which enables one to point out the better scheme. The feasibility of evaluating a sampling strategy by the cost of pedigree collection is also considered, and comparison between these two methods of sample planning is performed.
|
['Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Models, Genetic', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'Sample Size']
| 9,358,266
|
[['G05.330'], ['G05.348'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
BioLogger: a wireless physiological sensing and logging system with applications in poultry science.
|
This paper presents the design and development of BioLogger, a wireless physiological signal sensing and logging system. BioLogger can simultaneously monitor and record various types of physiological signals. Energy saving design is incorporated to both hardware and software design phases in order to prolong the life time of sensor nodes. Moreover, a simple scheduler is implemented to make sure the emergency would not be missed.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electroencephalography', 'Equipment Design', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Respiratory Rate', 'Software', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 19,963,858
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.320'], ['E01.370.520'], ['E01.370.600.875.875', 'G09.772.705.730'], ['L01.224.900'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Common questions about chronic low back pain.
|
More than 30% of U.S. adults report having experienced low back pain within the preceding three months. Although most low back pain is nonspecific and self-limiting, a subset of patients develop chronic low back pain, defined as persistent symptoms for longer than three months. Low back pain is categorized as nonspecific low back pain without radiculopathy, low back pain with radicular symptoms, or secondary low back pain with a spinal cause. Imaging should be reserved for patients with red flags for cauda equina syndrome, recent trauma, risk of infection, or when warranted before treatment (e.g., surgical, interventional). Prompt recognition of cauda equina syndrome is critical. Patient education should be combined with evidence-guided pharmacologic therapy. Goals of therapy include reducing the severity of pain symptoms, pain interference, and disability, as well as maximizing activity. Validated tools such as the Oswestry Disability Index can help assess symptom severity and functional change in patients with chronic low back pain. Epidural steroid injections do not improve pain or disability in patients with spinal stenosis. Spinal manipulation therapy produces small benefits for up to six months. Because long-term data are lacking for spinal surgery, patient education about realistic outcome expectations is essential.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Chronic Pain', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Management', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Manipulation, Spinal', 'Pain Management', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Polyradiculopathy', 'Spinal Stenosis']
| 25,978,200
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['C23.888.592.612.274'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.400'], ['N04.590.607'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['E02.779.867.466', 'E02.831.535.867.466'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['C10.668.829.800.750.700'], ['C05.116.900.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-like immunoactivity in ovine cotyledons.
|
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-like immunoactivity has been identified in cotyledonary extracts prepared from pregnant ewes. This activity displayed similar physico-chemical properties as synthetic LHRH, as determined by reverse-phase HPLC and size-exclusion HPLC. Under reverse-phase conditions, cotyledonary LHRH-like immunoactivity displayed a retention time (10.5 +/- 0.1 min) which was not significantly different from that of synthetic LHRH. When subjected to size-exclusion HPLC, cotyledonary LHRH-like immunoactivity eluted in fractions which corresponded to a molecular weight range of 1100-1200 Da, which was not significantly different from the elution profile observed for synthetic LHRH. The cotyledonary tissue content of LHRH-like immunoactivity averaged 94 +/- 24 pg/mg (n = 6). The results of this study demonstrate the presence of LHRH-like immunoactivity in ovine cotyledons. Although placental synthesis of LHRH-like immunoactive material has been demonstrated in other species, it remains to be established whether this activity, demonstrated in ovine placenta, is the consequence of de novo placental synthesis or represents uptake from the maternal (and/or fetal) circulation.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cytosol', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Molecular Weight', 'Placenta', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Sheep']
| 2,408,112
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['G02.494'], ['A16.710'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of orexin neurons through non-NMDA glutamate receptors evidenced by c-Fos immunohistochemistry.
|
Orexin neuropeptides participate in the regulation of feeding as well as the regulation and maintenance of wakefulness and the cognitive functions. Orexin A and B share a common precursor, prepro-orexin and neurons are localized in the lateral hypothalamus. Physiological studies showed that these neurons are regulated by glutamatergic innervations. We aimed to assess the effects of kainic acid as a potent agonist for non-NMDA glutamate receptors in the activation of orexin neurons. We also analyzed the effect of glutamate antagonist CNQX, injected prior to kainic acid, on this activation. Expression of c-Fos protein was used as a marker for neuronal activation. Dual immunohistochemical labeling was performed for prepro-orexin and c-Fos and the percentages of c-Fos-expressing orexin neurons were obtained for control, kainic acid, and CNQX groups. Kainic acid injection caused statistically significant increase in the number of c-Fos-positive neurons when compared to control group (62.69 and 36.31%, respectively). Activation of orexin neurons was blocked, in part, by CNQX (43.36%). In the light of these results, it is concluded that glutamate takes part in the regulation of orexin neurons and partially exerts its effects through non-NMDA glutamate receptors and that orexin neurons express functional non-NMDA receptors.
|
['6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', 'Animals', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Female', 'Hypothalamus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Kainic Acid', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides', 'Orexins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Glutamate', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 20,963,566
|
[['D03.633.100.857.160'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D03.383.773.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['D12.644.400.360', 'D12.776.631.650.363'], ['D12.776.260.108.765', 'D12.776.624.664.700.179', 'D12.776.660.760', 'D12.776.930.127.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.200.450'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictive Model of Factors Associated With Maternal Intensive Care Unit Admission.
|
OBJECTIVE: Severe maternal morbidity has increased in the United States over the past two decades by approximately 200%, to 144 cases per 10,000 delivery hospitalizations. There are limited data available to assist in identifying at-risk women before parturition. We sought to evaluate risk factors associated with maternal admission to an intensive care unit (ICU).METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all live births delivered between 20 and 44 weeks of gestation in the United States during 2012-2016. Our primary objective was to identify prenatal factors associated with increased risk of maternal ICU admission to build a multivariable predictive model to estimate the association of these factors with ICU admission risk. We performed k-fold cross-validation for internal validation and then externally validated the model on a separate live birth cohort (2006-2011, n=856,255).RESULTS: There were 18,745,615 live births in the United States between 2012 and 2016. Among the mothers of these live newborns, 27,602 (0.15%) were admitted to the ICU in the peripartum period. Fourteen variables were selected for inclusion in the predictive model for maternal ICU admission. The predicted minimal and maximal risk for ICU admission ranged 0-25%. The receiver operating characteristic curve for these 14 variables achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.81). External validation with a separate live birth cohort demonstrated a consistent measure of discrimination with an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.82-0.84). Using a relatively high cut point of 5.0% or more predicted risk for ICU admission, achieved a positive predictive value (PPV) of only 4.0%.CONCLUSION: This model provides insight as to the cumulative effect of multiple risk factors on maternal ICU admission risk. The predictive model achieves an AUC of 0.81, discriminating women with significantly increased risk (30-fold) for ICU admission. Nonetheless, because of the low frequency of maternal ICU admission, the PPV of the model was low and therefore whether models such as ours may be beneficial in future efforts to reduce the prevalence and burden of maternal morbidity is uncertain.
|
['Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diabetes, Gestational', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Live Birth', 'Maternal Age', 'Maternal Health', 'Patient Admission', 'Peripartum Period', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Preconception Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'United States']
| 31,306,325
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C13.703.170', 'C18.452.394.750.448', 'C19.246.200'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.395', 'C14.907.489.480'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['G08.686.784.769.496.249'], ['G08.686.560', 'N05.715.350.075.550', 'N06.850.490.250.550'], ['N01.400.900.500'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['G08.686.701'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['E02.760.775', 'N02.421.143.620.620', 'N02.421.585.775', 'N02.421.920.660'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16MTS1, p21WAF1, and p27KIP1 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas.
|
Inactivation or down-regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p16MTS1, p21WAF1, and p27KIP1 is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. In cervical squamous cell carcinomas that are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the expression or function of these proteins is impaired by the action of viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. Comparably less is known about the role of these cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in cervical adenocarcinomas, 15-40% of which are HPV negative. Therefore, we studied the expression of p16MTS1, p21WAF1, and p27KIP1 by immunohistochemistry in 60 cervical adenocarcinomas. HPV infection was determined by PCR, and HPV 16 and 18 E6/E7 oncogene expression was analyzed by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization. We found significant correlations of strong p16 expression with HPV 16/18 infection and HPV 16/18 E6/E7 oncogene expression (P=0.001). Moderate or strong p16 expression was also observed in 41% of HPV-negative carcinomas, indicating that HPV-independent mechanisms might also lead to p16 overexpression. In addition, stronger p21 and p27 expression was significantly associated with the detection of HPV 16 or 18 E6/E7 transcripts (P=0.015 and 0.030, respectively). Obviously, the tumor suppressor action of these proteins can be overcome in HPV-positive lesions. In contrast, absent or low p16, p21, and p27 immunostaining was observed in most HPV-negative cervical adenocarcinomas and might contribute to carcinogenesis in these tumors.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27', 'Cyclins', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Middle Aged', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Suppressor Proteins', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 11,499,840
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D12.776.167'], ['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['D12.644.360.225.500', 'D12.776.157.687.250', 'D12.776.167.187.500', 'D12.776.476.225.500', 'D12.776.624.776.355.500', 'D12.776.660.720.250'], ['D12.644.360.225.600', 'D12.776.167.187.600', 'D12.776.476.225.600', 'D12.776.624.776.355.600'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.624.776'], ['C01.925.928'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Large outpatient surgery. Are there prospects?]
|
AIM: To study frequency of 'hospital registry' operations in the polyclinics of the Central Federal district, to analyze previous experience of outpatient surgical care and to assess perspective directions of its development.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 48 million people who referred to polyclinics for medical care in 17 regions of Central Federal district for 6 years (2011-2016) were studied.RESULTS: Mean surgical activity in the polyclinics of Central Federal district is 4.5%. The annual number of 'hospital registry' operations does not exceed 150-200 (0.01%) for the entire district. Large outpatient surgery in Russia has evolved from active development to complete apathy and was almost always associated with health care reforming and attempts to reduce the volume of 24-hour in-patient surgical care.CONCLUSION: Advanced outpatient surgery is able to compensate routine in-hospital operations and to focus resources of these hospitals on the development of high-tech surgical care. It is necessary to change the insurance share of financing of patients operated in day surgical hospitals for successful development of 'large outpatient surgery'.
|
['Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Russia']
| 31,169,814
|
[['E04.030'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
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The crystal structure of a complex of p11 with the annexin II N-terminal peptide.
|
The aggregation and membrane fusion properties of annexin II are modulated by the association with a regulatory light chain called p11.p11 is a member of the S100 EF-hand protein family, which is unique in having lost its calcium-binding properties. We report the first structure of a complex between p11 and its cognate peptide, the N-terminus of annexin II, as well as that of p11 alone. The basic unit for p11 is a tight, non-covalent dimer. In the complex, each annexin II peptide forms hydrophobic interactions with both p11 monomers, thus providing a structural basis for high affinity interactions between an S100 protein and its target sequence. Finally, p11 forms a disulfide-linked tetramer in both types of crystals thus suggesting a model for an oxidized form of other S100 proteins that have been found in the extracellular milieu.
|
['Animals', 'Annexin A2', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'S100 Proteins']
| 9,886,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.125.050.060'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Performance of small-scale dairy farms in the highlands of central Mexico during the dry season under traditional feeding strategies.
|
In Mexico, small-scale dairy systems (SSDS) represent over 78 % of dairy farms and contribute with 37 % of national milk production; however, they face high feeding costs. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of SSDS during the dry season in terms of milk yields, milk composition and feeding costs under traditional feeding strategies, to identify areas of opportunity for improving their profitability. The information was collected from 22 SSDS every month during dry season. Feeds were classified in quality forages (QF), supplements (SU) and straws (ST). Two factors were identified: factor 1-a positive relationship among QF, SU, milk yield and ration cost and factor 2-represented straw usage. Four feeding strategies were identified: (1) low-cost feeding strategy; (2) home-grown feeding strategy; (3) high-cost feeding strategy; and (4) straw-based feeding strategy. There were differences (P < 0.001) among feeding strategies for QF, SU, ST, total dry matter offered (TDMO), ration cost (RC), external inputs, home-grown inputs and milk yield. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences among feeding strategies for fat and protein contents in milk. It is concluded that to improve performance and profitability and enhance sustainability in SSDS, farmers should base feeding strategies on home-grown quality forages, as it was the case in group 2 which showed lower feeding cost and better milk yield. It is also recommended to increase the inclusion of quality forages like grazing pastures and maize silages during the dry season and to avoid the inclusion of straws.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Dairying', 'Droughts', 'Female', 'Mexico', 'Milk', 'Seasons']
| 25,471,363
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['J01.040.246'], ['G16.500.175.781', 'G16.500.750.775.154', 'N06.230.100.230.150'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies on Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ferredoxin.
|
Ferredoxin from a thermoacidophilic archaebacterium, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, has been crystallized. The space group is P4(3)2(1)2 or P4(1)2(1)2 and the cell dimensions are a = b = 50.12 A and c = 69.52 A. The Vm value is calculated to be 1.88 A3/Da, assuming one molecule per asymmetric unit. The crystal diffracts X-rays beyond 2.0 A resolution.
|
['Crystallization', 'Ferredoxins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sulfolobus acidocaldarius', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 1,778,971
|
[['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D12.776.097.350', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.275', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.275', 'D12.776.765.319'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['B02.075.725.725.725.070'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Targeting mitochondria by Zn(II)N-alkylpyridylporphyrins: the impact of compound sub-mitochondrial partition on cell respiration and overall photodynamic efficacy.
|
Mitochondria play a key role in aerobic ATP production and redox control. They harness crucial metabolic pathways and control cell death mechanisms, properties that make these organelles essential for survival of most eukaryotic cells. Cancer cells have altered cell death pathways and typically show a shift towards anaerobic glycolysis for energy production, factors which point to mitochondria as potential culprits in cancer development. Targeting mitochondria is an attractive approach to tumor control, but design of pharmaceutical agents based on rational approaches is still not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate which structural features of specially designed Zn(II)N-alkylpyridylporphyrins would direct them to mitochondria and to particular mitochondrial targets. Since Zn(II)N-alkylpyridylporphyrins can act as highly efficient photosensitizers, their localization can be confirmed by photodamage to particular mitochondrial components. Using cultured LS174T adenocarcinoma cells, we found that subcellular distribution of Zn-porphyrins is directed by the nature of the substituents attached to the meso pyridyl nitrogens at the porphyrin ring. Increasing the length of the aliphatic chain from one carbon (methyl) to six carbons (hexyl) increased mitochondrial uptake of the compounds. Such modifications also affected sub-mitochondrial distribution of the Zn-porphyrins. The amphiphilic hexyl derivative (ZnTnHex-2-PyP) localized in the vicinity of cytochrome c oxidase complex, causing its inactivation during illumination. Photoinactivation of critical cellular targets explains the superior efficiency of the hexyl derivative in causing mitochondrial photodamage, and suppressing cellular respiration and survival. Design of potent photosensitizers and redox-active scavengers of free radicals should take into consideration not only selective organelle uptake and localization, but also selective targeting of critical macromolecular structures.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Respiration', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Porphyrins', 'Rats', 'Zinc']
| 25,250,732
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G03.197', 'G04.270'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics of two novel 1,3-cyclic propanyl phosphate ester prodrugs of 18â-glycyrrhetic acid in rats.
|
The in vitro metabolism of two novel phosphate prodrugs of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) was studied by the method of incubation in the rat liver microsome and the in vivo plasma pharmacokinetics after injecting intravenously (i.v.) into six rats was investigated, respectively. The prodrugs diminished gradually with time and most of the parent drugs were released in 30 min in vitro. In this paper, the in vivo plasma concentration data were analyzed by compartmental modeling. Both the prodrugs and the corresponding released parent drugs could be described by a two-compartment model, which existed for 48 h in rats. The t(1/2) increases remarkably after i.v. administration to rats when compared with injecting the parent drugs directly.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Esters', 'Glycyrrhetinic Acid', 'Glycyrrhiza', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organophosphates', 'Prodrugs', 'Rats', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 20,924,902
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.241.400'], ['D02.455.849.919.530.444'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.705.400'], ['D26.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Platelet-derived growth factor in experimental glomerulonephritis.
|
Growth factors and in particular platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis. We have studied the distribution of immunoreactive PDGF (iPDGF) within serial kidney biopsies (days 7, 15, 30, 90 and 120) of eight rats with an accelerated form of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN). The course of NTN was mild in five rats and seere in three. Two patterns of immunostain for PDGF were noted. The first consisted of iPDGF-B chain in a glomerular segmental distribution similar to that of infiltrating monocytes (OX6+cells). At all stages of NTN the distribution of iPDGF-B chain correlated closely with the immunostain for monocytes. The second pattern of immunostain showed iPDGF-A chain in a diffuse distribution along the glomerular capillary lining and to a lesser extent in some mesangial cells. In severely affected rats the magnitude of the iPDGF-A increased along with glomerulosclerosis but disappeared later from areas of segmental and global glomerular obsolescence. By contrast, in rats with milder NTN glomerular iPDGF-A chain peaked early and decreased subsequently.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Biopsy', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glomerulonephritis', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Proteinuria', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 7,566,605
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C12.777.419.570.363', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D12.644.276.910', 'D12.776.124.625', 'D12.776.467.910', 'D23.529.910'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A critical assessment of Mus musculus gene function prediction using integrated genomic evidence.
|
BACKGROUND: Several years after sequencing the human genome and the mouse genome, much remains to be discovered about the functions of most human and mouse genes. Computational prediction of gene function promises to help focus limited experimental resources on the most likely hypotheses. Several algorithms using diverse genomic data have been applied to this task in model organisms; however, the performance of such approaches in mammals has not yet been evaluated.RESULTS: In this study, a standardized collection of mouse functional genomic data was assembled; nine bioinformatics teams used this data set to independently train classifiers and generate predictions of function, as defined by Gene Ontology (GO) terms, for 21,603 mouse genes; and the best performing submissions were combined in a single set of predictions. We identified strengths and weaknesses of current functional genomic data sets and compared the performance of function prediction algorithms. This analysis inferred functions for 76% of mouse genes, including 5,000 currently uncharacterized genes. At a recall rate of 20%, a unified set of predictions averaged 41% precision, with 26% of GO terms achieving a precision better than 90%.CONCLUSION: We performed a systematic evaluation of diverse, independently developed computational approaches for predicting gene function from heterogeneous data sources in mammals. The results show that currently available data for mammals allows predictions with both breadth and accuracy. Importantly, many highly novel predictions emerge for the 38% of mouse genes that remain uncharacterized.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Mice', 'Proteins']
| 18,613,946
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The interleukin-5 messenger RNA expression in a patient with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.
|
Interleukin-5 has a specific role in various eosinophilic activities. It is the predominant cytokine produces by activated T-lymphocytes isolated from patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. We studied a young patient suffering from idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome who presented with Horner's syndrome, peripheral neuropathy and skin ulcers. The IL-5 gene expression by CD4+ T-lymphocytes and the peripheral eosinophil count were raised. The skin ulcers continued to deteriorate despite a swift reduction of the IL-5 gene expression and peripheral eosinophil count following systemic corticosteroid treatment. We suggest that peripheral eosinophilia may not be responsible for the damage in skin lesions and more aggressive treatment may be required.
|
['Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Eosinophils', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Hypereosinophilic Syndrome', 'Interleukin-5', 'Male', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Time Factors']
| 9,720,824
|
[['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C15.378.553.231.549'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by Fenton like system: model to the environmental reaction.
|
To develop more efficient chemical methods for the demineralization of organic pollutants from water bodies, which one was also mimic to the nature, a degradation of methylene blue by Fe(III) and H2O2 in the absence of light instead of Fe(II) and H2O2 was studied. Results showed that use of Fe(III) is more promising than Fe(II). The present study reflects that Fenton reaction is more efficient, in the presence of a small amount of salicylic acid is added which is a one of the priority pollutant.
|
['Ferric Compounds', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Methylene Blue', 'Models, Chemical', 'Salicylic Acid', 'Water Purification']
| 15,137,656
|
[['D01.490.100'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.608', 'D02.241.511.390.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.608'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Enzymatic Alterations and Genotoxic Effects Produced by Sublethal Concentrations of Organophosphorous Temephos in Poecilia reticulata.
|
The responses of biochemical and genetic parameters were evaluated in tissues of Poecilia reticulata exposed to sublethal and environmentally relevant concentrations of 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02 mg/L of the organophosphorous (OP) pesticide temephos (TE) for 168 h. Activities of enzymes brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and liver carboxylesterase (CbE) were determined. Nuclear abnormalities (NA) and micronucleus (MN) frequency in gill erythrocytes were also measured. No mortality was observed over the experimental period; however, brain AChE activities were decreased significantly in guppies in all TE treatment groups after 72 h of exposure. Hepatic CbE activities of fish were increased in all TE treatment groups at 96, 120, and 144 h of exposure. The frequencies of MN and NA in fish gill erythrocytes displayed a marked rise after 168 h of exposure to concentrations of 0.01 or 0.02 mg/L TE. Thus, determination of these parameters may be employed as potential indices of exposure to TE using this sentinel organism for monitorining.
|
['Acetylcholinesterase', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Carboxylesterase', 'Cell Nucleus', 'DNA Damage', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erythrocytes', 'Gills', 'Insecticides', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Micronucleus Tests', 'Poecilia', 'Temefos', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 26,252,754
|
[['D08.811.277.352.100.170.176'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.100'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G05.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['A13.421'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.393.560.598'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.280.680'], ['D02.705.400.625.800', 'D02.705.539.345.800', 'D02.886.300.692.800'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proteolytic cleavage of N-Succ-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC by the proteasome in lens epithelium from clear and cataractous human lenses.
|
With ageing, accumulation of modified proteins occur in the lens, forming light scattering aggregates. The multicatalytic proteinase complex, or proteasome, is known to be the major system for removal of damaged proteins in many tissues. In this study we attempted to compare levels of proteasome activity in human lens epithelium from clear vs. cataractous lenses. Normal lenses were obtained from eye donors in a cornea bank and samples from cataractous lenses were obtained from an eye clinic during cataract surgery. Proteolytic activity was quantified using the synthetic peptide substrate N-Succ-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC, a substrate often used to measure the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome. Addition of 100 micron lactacystin, a proteasome specific inhibitor, totally inhibited proteolysis, certifying the specificity of the assay. Hydrolysis was detected over time as the appearance of the flourogenic cleavage product and correlated to the area of the epithelium-capsule specimens. Proteolytic cleavage of N-Succ-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC by the proteasome was higher in lens epithelium from clear donor lenses as compared to samples from cataractous lenses. Median activity in the latter was only 19% of that in the former, a highly significant difference. There was no difference in activity of the proteasome when looking at cortical vs. non-cortical cataract, nor was there any difference between genders. Regression analysis did not reveal any age-dependent relationship, either in the clear group or in the cataractous group. This work is the first to show differences in proteasome activity between clear and cataractous lenses.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Cataract', 'Coumarins', 'Culture Techniques', 'Endopeptidases', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligopeptides', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 9,733,589
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C11.510.245'], ['D03.383.663.283.446', 'D03.633.100.150.446'], ['E05.481.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['A10.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Malignant disease in renal transplant recipients--our experience.
|
Kidney transplantation is a treatment of choice for patient with end stage renal disease. Chronic renal failure is characterized with weak cellular and humoral immunity. In our paper we present our experience with presence of malignancy in renal transplant patients. Urology clinic in Belgrade transplanted 411 patients over the period of 16 years. Living donor transplantation was performed for 272 and cadaveric kidney transplant for 139 patients. In the postoperative follow up, malignancies were diagnosed in 7 of the transplanted patients. Three patients developed basal cell skin carcinoma, one was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the transplanted kidney, one developed transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and testicular tumors were diagnosed in two patients. Postoperative immunosuppressive therapy usually double or triple when patients are in the immunological high risk group. Incidence of malignancy according to big health centers is around 1 in every 1000 transplanted patients. It is also noted the rise of incidence of malignancies in transplanted patient in over 50%.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppression', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 22,924,303
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Redox-active trace metal-induced release of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and inflammatory cytokines in fibroblast-like synovial cells is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dependent.
|
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease that is characterized by synovial inflammation and bone erosion. We have investigated the mechanism(s) by which essential trace metals may initiate and propagate inflammatory phenotypes in synovial fibroblasts. We used HIG-82, rabbit fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS), as a model system for potentially initiating RA through oxidative stress. We used potassium peroxychromate (PPC, Cr+5), ferrous chloride (FeCl2, Fe+2), and cuprous chloride (CuCl, Cu+) trace metal agents as exogenous pro-oxidants. Intracellular ROS was quantified by fluorescence microscopy and confirmed by flow cytometry (FC). Protein expression levels were measured by western blot and FC, while ELISA was used to quantify the levels of cytokines. Trace metal agents in different valence states acted as exogenous pro-oxidants that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which signal through TLR4 stimulation. ROS/TLR4- coupled activation resulted in the release of HMGB1, TNF-á, IL-1â, and IL-10 in conjunction with upregulation of myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14) inflammatory markers that may contribute to the RA pathophysiology. Our results indicate that oxidant-induced TLR4 activation can release HMGB1 in combination with other inflammatory cytokines to mediate pro-inflammatory actions that contribute to RA pathogenesis. The pathway by which inflammatory and tissue erosive changes may occur in this model system possibly underlies the need for functioning anti-HMGB1-releasing agents and antioxidants that possess both dual trace metal chelating and oxidant scavenging properties in a directed combinatorial therapy for RA.
|
['Animals', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cell Line', 'Cytokines', 'Fibroblasts', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Metals', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rabbits', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Synoviocytes', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Trace Elements']
| 30,254,017
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.776.260.356.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.600.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.600.300'], ['D01.552'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['A02.835.583.443.800'], ['A11.329.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D01.268.811', 'D27.505.696.494.555', 'G07.203.300.681.500.555', 'J02.500.681.500.555']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Processing cell-seeded polyester scaffolds for histology.
|
Biodegradable 3-dimensional scaffolds of various morphologies are currently being developed for tissue engineering. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)s (PLGAs) of various lactide to glycolide ratios are frequently used for such applications. Tissue engineering involves an in vitro stage during which cells are seeded onto scaffolds and allowed to settle and/or grow for various time periods. To assess cell distribution and/or tissue formation throughout the scaffolds during this in vitro stage, techniques such as confocal microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging have been applied. However, such cultured scaffolds have been refractory to histological evaluation because of numerous technical difficulties. We describe a method to prepare histological sections of cell cultured PLGA scaffolds for tissue engineering. The technique involves in situ labeling of cultured scaffolds, infiltration of the scaffolds with a 10% poly(vinyl alcohol) solution under a low vacuum, and cryosectioning of samples onto acid-treated glass coverslips. Sections obtained with this technique show cell distribution and cell-tissue morphology on the pore wall structures of entire centimeter-thick scaffolds. This rapid and easy technique allows for fast evaluation of tissues grown on biodegradable scaffolds.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Substitutes', 'Bone and Bones', 'Histological Techniques', 'Humans', 'Polyesters']
| 10,679,693
|
[['B01.050'], ['D25.130.325', 'J01.637.051.130.325'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E01.370.225.750', 'E05.200.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.728', 'D25.720.728', 'J01.637.051.720.728']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of vitamin E-deficiency in isolated rat heart on the cellular defence system against free radicals during normal reperfusion after hypoxic, ischemic and Ca(2+)-free perfusion.
|
We investigated whether vitamin E plays a role in the protection against potential free radical formation and related biochemical changes in hypoxic, ischemic and Ca(2+)-depleted rat heart upon normal reperfusion. In the heart of normally fed rats a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and the capacity of the glutathione system, factors of the cellular protective mechanisms against free radicals, occurred upon exposure to the above mentioned treatments. This decrease was not further enhanced if vitamin E-deficient rat hearts were treated. Vitamin E-deficiency, however, led to detectable peroxidation of lipids if Ca(2+)-depleted or hypoxic hearts were reperfused. Lipid peroxidation was measured as the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive material, which is readily formed during this process. Reflow after ischemia did not induce lipid peroxidation either in normal or in vitamin E-deficient rat heart. Since changes in Ca(2+)-homeostasis are thought to be primarily responsible for the Ca(2+)-reperfusion injury, a role for Ca(2+)-ions in lipid peroxidative processes, either directly or indirectly, seems indicated. Furthermore the results imply that even a sharp and extensive decrease of reduced glutathione, as seen upon Ca(2+)-repletion after a period of Ca(2+)-depletion, does not necessarily induce peroxidation of lipids in heart tissue. Obviously, vitamin E is very important in the protection of cardiac membranes. Replenishment of the water-soluble protective factors in the heart seems, however, more important during above mentioned treatments, especially since repair of the vitamin E-free radical is dependent on water-soluble factors.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Free Radicals', 'Glutathione', 'Hypoxia', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Reperfusion', 'Oxygen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamin E Deficiency']
| 2,577,738
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E04.100.700.600', 'E05.680.730.600'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.841']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic properties of the Salmonella enteritidis R404 plasmid aggregate. II. Separation of plasmids by transformation.
|
Transformational separation of plasmids from R404 plasmid aggregate found in Salmonella enteritidis strain was performed. Three classes of transformants differing in their resistance patterns were isolated. Genetic properties of the transformants suggest that their resistance is determined by single plasmids. Plasmid pCK3 (Tra-ApCbCrSuSm) and pCK4 (Tra-ApCbCrCm) are nonconjugative while plasmid pCG1 (TraApCbCrSuSmTcKmNm) is conjugative. Separation of all plasmids of R404 plasmid aggregate allowed to determine their genetic properties and the manner of conjugational transfer of R404 plasmid aggregate R-determinants.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Conjugation, Genetic', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'R Factors', 'Salmonella enteritidis', 'Transformation, Bacterial']
| 81,594
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['G05.728.200'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G05.360.600.600'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.300', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.160'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Novel Prediction Model for Postmolar Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia and Comparison With Existing Models.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to comparatively study a novel model and existing models of predicting postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).METHODS: Two hundred twenty-two patients with complete hydatidiform moles were enrolled retrospectively. A natural regression was noted in 195 patients (spontaneous regression group), whereas the remaining 27 patients entered postmolar GTN (postmolar GTN group). The upper limits of the 95% confidence interval of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) values and hCG regression rates were calculated aggregately from the spontaneous regression group. The 4 prediction models (weekly hCG regression curve and weekly hCG regression rate curve reported by previous studies; daily hCG regression curve and daily hCG regression rate curve pioneered by us) were then plotted. The individual hCG curve of the postmolar GTN group was plotted and compared with the prediction models, respectively. The individual hCG curve superimposing the prediction curve was considered showing an elevated risk of GTN.RESULTS: All patients with postmolar GTN were preidentified by daily hCG regression rate curve. The other 3 prediction models had a considerable rate of failure in identification. Mean diagnosis time of daily hCG regression rate curve was significantly lower (P = 0.008), with an average of 15.3 days gained compared with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criteria. Cochran Q test showed that daily hCG regression rate curve produced a significantly better performance in predicting postmolar GTN than weekly hCG regression curve (P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that daily hCG regression rate curve gives a better prediction of postmolar GTN and might potentially enhance the monitoring of patients with molar pregnancy, especially those who could not adhere to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics protocols. However, this preliminary research should not change current clinical practice until further validation is carried out.
|
['Adult', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Female', 'Gestational Trophoblastic Disease', 'Humans', 'Hydatidiform Mole', 'Models, Biological', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 28,498,254
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['C04.557.465.955.416', 'C04.850.908.416', 'C13.703.720.949.416'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.955.416.812', 'C04.850.908.416.750', 'C13.703.720.949.416.875'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
BabA and LPS inhibitors against Helicobacter pylori: pectins and pectin-like rhamnogalacturonans as adhesion blockers.
|
The first step in the development of Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity is receptor-mediated adhesion to gastric epithelium. Adhesins of H. pylori not only enable colonisation of the epithelium, with BabA interacting with Lewisb, but also interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with galectin-3 contributes to attachment of H. pylori to the host cells. Anti-adhesive compounds against H. pylori have been described, but specific analytical assays for pinpointing the interaction with BabA are limited. LPS-galectin-3 inhibitors have not been described until now. A sandwich ELISA with recombinant BabA547-6K was developed to investigate the interaction of BabA with Lewisb-HSA. Isothermal titration calorimetry gave thermodynamic information on the interaction between BabA, Lewisb-HSA and anti-adhesive compounds. A highly esterified rhamnogalacturonan from Abelmoschus esculentus inhibited the adhesion of H. pylori to adherent gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells (IC50 550 ìg/mL) and interacted with BabA (IC50 17 ìg/mL). Pectins with similar rhamnogalacturonan structure showed weak anti-adhesive activity. Highly branched rhamnogalacturonans with low uronic acid content and high degree of esterification are potent BabA inhibitors. BabA represents a promising target for the development of anti-adhesive drugs against H. pylori. The rhamnogalacturonan influenced also the binding affinity of H. pylori to recombinant galectin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 222 ìg/mL. Similar effects were obtained with pectin from apple fruits, while pectins from other sources were inactive.
|
['Abelmoschus', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Adhesins, Bacterial', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Fruit', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Lewis Blood Group Antigens', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Malus', 'Pectins', 'Plant Extracts', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 31,768,613
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['D12.776.097.120.050', 'D12.776.543.100.050', 'D23.050.161.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['D23.050.301.290.544', 'D23.050.705.230.544'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.444'], ['D05.750.078.738', 'D09.698.670', 'D20.215.784.500.618'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inactivation of the scrapie agent in a scaled-down procedure for the purification of gangliosides from brain tissue.
|
The inactivation of the scrapie agent in biologicals was evaluated on a scaled-down procedure currently in use on a large scale for the purification of gangliosides from bovine brain tissue. Residual infectivity was determined by an in vivo animal bio-assay using hamsters as the host species and the 263K strain as the reference agent. Infectivity was significantly diminished during the early stages of purification and infectivity was never detected in the final preparations. These results confirmed that a combination of chemicals or physical techniques known to affect the viability of the scrapie agent led to complete inactivation.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Brain', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Cricetinae', 'Drug Contamination', 'Female', 'Gangliosides', 'Hot Temperature', 'Mesocricetus', 'Methanol', 'Methylene Chloride', 'Pressure', 'Prions', 'Scrapie', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Sodium Hydroxide']
| 8,270,108
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['N06.850.360'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475', 'D10.390.470.025.475', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['D02.033.623'], ['D02.455.526.439.642'], ['G01.374.715'], ['D12.776.785'], ['C01.207.800.717', 'C10.228.228.800.717', 'C10.574.843.850', 'C22.836.799'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.045.250.750', 'D01.248.497.158.459.475', 'D01.857.745']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ontogeny of water sorption-desorption in the perinatal rat.
|
In mammals, birth marks a transition to a cold and gaseous environment that requires rapid physiologic adaptations limiting heat and water loss. In this study, the perinatal Sprague-Dawley rat was utilized as a model to study the behavior of water binding to the external body surface following birth. Water sorption and desorption were quantified by measurement of skin surface capacitance following water loading using a dry ring electrode system. The results indicate that the external body surface of the newborn rat is highly hydrophobic. This hydrophobicity is manifested by the rapid desorption of water (amniotic fluid) following birth as well as marked limitation of water sorption after birth. Post-natally, this hydrophobic effect is gradually lost over the first 3 d of life. Somatic growth retardation results in retention of this surface property, whereas extraction of the skin surface with acetone abolishes it. Morphologic and functional (water binding) studies performed after stripping the stratum corneum with acrylic adhesive strongly suggest a physiologic role for the periderm in determining this postnatal hydrophobic effect. These data are interpreted as evidence for a novel thermoregulatory mechanism in the rat during adaptation to post-natal life.
|
['Absorption', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Body Temperature Regulation', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Epidermis', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Skin Physiological Phenomena', 'Water', 'Water Loss, Insensible']
| 8,454,904
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G07.110.232', 'G07.410.421', 'G16.012.500.535'], ['G01.358.500.249.277'], ['A10.272.497', 'A17.815.250'], ['G03.458'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G13.750'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['G02.111.635.500.750', 'G03.615.500.750', 'G07.410.810.500.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Solutions to finding graduate clinical sites for advanced health assessment.
|
Finding pediatric clinical sites for students in advanced health assessment courses can be challenging. By using creative planning, new methods of acquiring additional clinical sites can be developed. Three specific ideas for new site acquisition, as well as potential limitations, are suggested.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Pediatric Nursing', 'Schools', 'Students, Nursing']
| 13,677,558
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H02.478.676.631', 'N02.421.533.691'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['M01.848.769.685']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Morphologic findings in upper gastrointestinal biopsies of patients with ulcerative colitis: a controlled study.
|
INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal involvement, both gastric and duodenal, is known to occur in both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the frequency and types of inflammation in upper gastrointestinal biopsies in patients with UC has not been well studied, especially in a controlled study.METHODS: Twenty-four esophageal, 59 gastric, and 40 duodenal biopsies from 69 UC patients were reviewed. These were compared with 35 esophageal, 66 gastric, and 46 duodenal biopsies from a control group of 97 consecutive patients of similar age and sex distribution. The pattern and extent of inflammation were noted in each biopsy.RESULTS: There were 3 types of gastric inflammation that occurred more in UC patients than in controls, and the differences were statistically significant. The most common was an intense focal gastritis, present in 29% of UC gastric biospies, compared with 9% of controls. Twenty-two percent of UC patients had a basal mixed inflammation compared with 8% of controls, and 20% of the UC patients had superficial plasmacytosis compared with 6% of controls. There were no esophageal inflammations that occurred more commonly in UC than controls. Four UC patients and no controls had diffuse chronic duodenitis, also a statistically significant difference. All 4 UC-duodenitis patients were among the 10 with previous colectomies, and all 4 patients had pouchitis. Only 1 of the 4 UC-colectomy patients without duodenitis developed pouchitis.CONCLUSIONS: Most UC patients have no upper gastrointestinal inflammation in biopsies, and most of the inflammations they have are not unique. The most common upper gastrointestinal inflammatory pattern in patients with UC is focal gastritis, followed by gastric basal mixed inflammation and superficial plasmacytosis. The one unique upper gastrointestinal inflammation in UC patients is diffuse chronic duodenitis, present in 10% of patients who had duodenal biopsies, and in 40% of UC patients who had colectomy and all of these patients had pouchitis. This association strongly suggests that diffuse chronic duodenitis in UC patients who have colectomy is a strong predictor of pouchitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colectomy', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Duodenitis', 'Duodenum', 'Esophagitis', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Gastritis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Michigan', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Cells', 'Pouchitis', 'Stomach', 'Young Adult']
| 20,962,621
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.210.219'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.462.249', 'C06.405.469.275.600', 'C06.405.469.326.750'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['C06.405.117.620', 'C06.405.205.663'], ['A03.556.875.500'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.500', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.063.438.725', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562.725', 'A15.382.032.438.725', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562.725'], ['C06.405.205.462.624.500', 'C06.405.469.326.875.500', 'C06.405.469.420.520.500'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Life prognosis of persons with dementia: Observation of persons registered for long-term care insurance in a community in Japan].
|
Objectives?This study aimed to observe the life prognosis of persons with dementia during the first five years after registering for long-term care insurance, and to determine the factors affecting their prognosis.Methods?A total of 556 persons, aged 65 years or older newly registered for long-term care insurance in a city in Japan, were observed. The life prognosis of the registered persons was determined using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with the general population as a standard, and relevant factors were observed in terms of dependence indices of dementia and disability.Results?The mean age of persons newly registered for long-term care insurance was 81.6 years and 63% of them were females. Mortality during the first 4.5 years after registration was 16.7% p.a., with males and those of older age having higher rates. The SMR was 1.80 for all individuals, with males and those of younger age having a higher SMR. The SMR increased with the severity of the disability (higher classes on the disability dependence index) at the time of the registration, while no significant trend was seen in SMR with the dementia dependence index. Multivariate analysis revealed that mortality was dependent on sex (male>female), age (older>younger), disability dependence indices (higher classes>lower classes), and current place of residence (home>facility), while there were no significant trends found in mortality with degree of severity on the dementia dependence indices. The adjusted odds ratios of dying from respective factors were as follow: from sex (male/female, with male as a standard) 0.35 (95% confidence interval 0.24-0.51), from age group (65-74 years/75-84/85+, stepwise with 65-74 years as a standard) 1.84 (1.39-2.47), from disability dependence index (normal/I/?a/?b..., stepwise with "normal" as standard) 1.38 (1.21-1.58), and from place of residence (home/facility, with home as a standard) 0.64 (0.42-0.99). When limited to only the elderly with dementia dependence indices of ?a-?, the analysis showed similar results.Conclusion?Elderly persons registered for long-term care insurance had higher mortality rates than the general population that was dependent on the disability dependence index, but not on the dementia dependent index. Further studies are therefore necessary to elucidate the factors relevant to the study's finding.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Long-Term Care', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Prognosis']
| 32,493,891
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.508'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Analysis of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family in the conifer picea abies reveals extensive conservation as well as dynamic patterns.
|
BACKGROUND: Members of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family have important functions during all stages of plant development and have been implicated in the development of morphological novelties during evolution. Most studies have examined the function of these genes in angiosperms and very little is known from other plant species.RESULTS: In this study we examine the presence and expression of WOX genes in the conifer Picea abies. We have cloned 11 WOX genes from both mRNA and genomic DNA and examined their phylogenetic relationship to WOX genes from other species as well as their expression during somatic embryogenesis and in adult tissues.CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that all major radiations within the WOX gene family took place before the angiosperm-gymnosperm split and that there has been a recent expansion within the intermediate clade in the Pinaceae family. Furthermore, we show that the genes from the intermediate clade are preferentially expressed during embryo development in Picea abies. Our data also indicates that there are clear orthologs of both WUS and WOX5 present in the P. abies genome.
|
['Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Homeobox', 'Multigene Family', 'Phylogeny', 'Picea', 'Plant Proteins']
| 23,758,772
|
[['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.230.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.755'], ['D12.776.765']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The development and application of the latex agglutination test to detect serum antibodies against Japanese encephalitis virus.
|
The attenuated SA14-14-2 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was cultured in BHK-21 cells. The viral supernatant was purified and concentrated with PEG (MW 20,000). A suitable concentration of JEV antigen was used to sensitize latex to prepare the latex antigen. The specificity, sensitivity and stability of the antigen were assessed. A latex agglutination test (LAT) was developed for rapidly detecting antibody against JEV infection. The LAT and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were compared by simultaneously testing 35 porcine serum samples from five farms. Ninety per cent (20/23) of the samples were seropositive by both assays. No significant difference was found between the two methods (p > 0.05). Furthermore, when 1,613 porcine sera from 120 farms were tested by LAT, the number of positive sera was 652, while that of negative sera was 961, ranging from 20% to 50% positive throughout the year. These results indicate that LAT is an appropriate candidate method for epidemiological surveys for and diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Cell Line', 'Encephalitis Virus, Japanese', 'Latex Fixation Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Swine', 'Temperature']
| 12,241,102
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['D23.050.327'], ['A11.251.210'], ['B04.820.230.475.227', 'B04.820.578.344.350.300.227'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.450', 'E05.200.812.735.050.450', 'E05.478.594.760.050.450'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Design of Gaussia luciferase-based bioluminescent stem-loop probe for sensitive detection of HIV-1 nucleic acids.
|
Here we describe the design of a bioluminescent stem-loop probe for the sensitive detection of HIV-1 spliced RNA. In this study, we employed Gaussia luciferase (GLuc), a bioluminescent protein that has several advantages over other bioluminescent proteins, including smaller size, higher bioluminescent intensity, and chemical and thermal stability. GLuc was chemically conjugated to the DABCYL-modified stem-loop probe (SLP) and was purified with a 2-step process to remove unconjugated GLuc and SLP. The binding of the target RNA to the loop region of the SLP results in the open conformation separating the stem part of SLP. GLuc conjugated to the stem acts as a reporter that produces light by a chemical reaction upon adding its substrate, coelenterazine in the presence of the target, while DABCYL serves as a quencher of bioluminescence in the closed conformation of SLP in the absence of the target. The optimized GLuc based-SLP assay resulted in a signal-to-background ratio of 47, which is the highest reported with bioluminescent SLPs and is significantly higher compared to traditional fluorescence-based SLPs that yield low signal to background ratio. Moreover, the assay showed an excellent selectivity against a single and double mismatched nucleic acid target, low detection limit, and ability to detect spiked HIV-1 RNA in human serum matrix.
|
['Animals', 'Copepoda', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Luciferases', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'RNA, Viral']
| 29,897,056
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.160'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517', 'D12.776.532.510'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D13.444.735.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Popularity of aesthetic dental treatments. Results of a national study in the Netherlands].
|
There are indications of a growing public interest in aesthetic dental treatments. For want of reliable data, a group of 907 randomly selected Dutch individuals was questioned in order to give this apparent tendency a foundation in figures. The results of this study show that about 25% of the respondents received aesthetic dental treatment at some time, about 8% was treated during the past year, and almost 8% intended to undergo aesthetic dental treatment in the coming year. In this respect, tooth whitening was found to be the most popular treatment. The results of this study suggest that there is a positive attitude towards aesthetic dentistry and that women take a greater interest in it than men. Whether this interest will lead to a rise in the number of actual aesthetic dental treatments is still unclear.
|
['Esthetics, Dental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Sex Distribution']
| 16,995,325
|
[['E06.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Atrioventricular conduction disturbance as an early feature of Reiter's syndrome.
|
Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction disturbances in Reiter's syndrome are usually described in longstanding disease. This report deals with two male patients with Reiter's syndrome who developed an A-V block early in the course of the disease. One of these patients developed a second degree A-V block, Wenckebach type, which has not been described before at an early stage of this syndrome.
|
['Adult', 'Arthritis, Reactive', 'Heart Block', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Time Factors']
| 3,207,383
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C01.100.500', 'C05.116.900.853.625.800.637', 'C05.550.114.099.500', 'C05.550.114.865.800.637'], ['C14.280.067.558', 'C14.280.123.500', 'C23.550.073.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing the efficacy of an inactivated chicken anemia virus vaccine.
|
BACKGROUND: Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes chicken infectious anemia (CIA) which is a highly contagious avian disease. CAV causes major economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. The current CAV vaccine is a live attenuated strain administered in the drinking water that risks horizontal infection of other chickens. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine against CAV that can be administered safely using a highly pathogenic isolate inactivated with â-propiolactone hydrolysis that would protect chicks from CAV.METHODS: Hens were vaccinated twice intramuscularly with a novel CAV GD-G-12 inactivated vaccine and the humoral immune responses of the hens and offspring were monitored by ELISA. A heterologous intramuscular challenge using the CAV strain GD-E-12 was conducted in the chicks hatched from vaccinated or unvaccinated hens.RESULTS: The vaccine strain, GD-G-12, was shown to be highly pathogenic prior to inactivation evidenced by thymic atrophy and bleeding, and weight loss. The inactivated vaccine was considered safe and showed no signs of pathogenicity. High titers of CAV specific antibodies were detected in the vaccinated hens and in their chicks, indicating vertical transfer of maternal antibodies. Furthermore, the chicks hatched from vaccinated hens were resistant to a heterologous CAV challenge and showed no signs of weight loss and thymic atrophy and bleeding.CONCLUSION: Our studies are proof of principle that inactivated GD-G-12 might be a novel vaccine candidate to prevent CAV infection, and highlight the utility of using an inactivated virus for this vaccine.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Chicken anemia virus', 'Chickens', 'Circoviridae Infections', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Thymus Gland', 'Vaccines, Inactivated', 'Viral Vaccines']
| 25,758,933
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['B04.280.120.400.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C01.925.256.200'], ['C22.131.728'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750'], ['D20.215.894.830'], ['D20.215.894.899']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pilot Evaluation of a Functional Pain Assessment Scale.
|
PURPOSE/AIMS: Common pain assessment tools measure intensity, ignoring other dimensions of pain like function. The aim of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a newly developed functional pain assessment scale (FPAS) for use in clinical practice.DESIGN/METHODS: In this descriptive correlational study, an FPAS was developed and then evaluated against 2 validated pain tools in 68 hospitalized adult patients experiencing acute and/or chronic pain. These tools included the numeric pain rating scale and a 100-mm visual analog scale.RESULTS: The FPAS was significantly correlated (ñ = 0.72-0.87; P < .001) with the numeric pain rating scale and visual analog scale in cognitively intact patients but not the cognitively impaired (ñ = 0.22-0.34; P > .05). Test-retest reliability coefficients for the 3 scales were high (ñ = 0.82-0.94; P < .001), demonstrating stability of the measures. Overall, patients preferred the FPAS; this preference was significantly greater in patients older than 40 years.CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provided support for the reliability and validity of the FPAS in cognitively intact patients experiencing pain. Although more research is needed, clinicians may consider using the FPAS with cognitively intact adults to assess the functional impact of pain on pain intensity. Clinical nurse specialists play a pivotal role in role modeling and guiding the introduction and testing of new assessment approaches into clinical practice settings across the continuum of care.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pilot Projects', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Young Adult']
| 30,499,845
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In Situ Healing of Compromised Membranes via Polyethylenimine-Functionalized Silica Microparticles.
|
Microscale damages to membranes used in large-scale filtration processes for water treatment can result in severe degradation of product water quality. One promising technology to address this issue is in situ healing of compromised membranes via healing agents that are added to the feed side of a membrane system and seal the defect site because of increased hydraulic drag through damage site during filtration. We herein introduce an improved in situ membrane healing method using amine-functionalized silica microparticles that is effective under varying operating conditions, overcoming limitations faced by previous healing agents such as chitosan agglomerates. The silica microparticles are functionalized with branched polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules for efficient interparticle cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The PEI-decorated silica microparticles (SiO2@PEI MPs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. This study investigates the selective deposition of the SiO2@PEI MPs on the damage area using confocal laser scanning microscopy under variable cross-flow rate (0.5-2.0 L/min) and flushing time (10 to 30 min) conditions. The in situ healing technique recovered the particle rejection of compromised membranes to 99.1% of the original membrane's performance without any flux decline. The results of this study show that the use of SiO2@PEI MPs is a promising and practical approach to ensure membrane process integrity.
|
['Chitosan', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Polyethyleneimine', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Water']
| 29,064,689
|
[['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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