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Differential expression of the MAD2, BUB1 and HSP27 genes in Barrett's oesophagus-their association with aneuploidy and neoplastic progression.
|
Chromosomal instability (CIN) leading to aneuploidy is a ubiquitous and early event in the progression of Barrett's oesophagus, but its origins are unknown. Hence, the transcriptional levels of components of the mitotic spindle checkpoint (important in ensuring precise chromosome segregation) were examined in Barrett's lesions and correlated with the degree of aneuploidy present in the tissues. Gene expression levels of the MAD2 and BUB1 mitotic spindle checkpoint genes were assessed in 37 Barrett's patients (with histology ranging from metaplasia to adenocarcinoma) by real-time RT-PCR. In addition, the transcriptional levels of HSP27 were also examined as firstly, its expression is known to be down regulated in Barrett's metaplasia (BM) and thus was included as a positive control for the real-time RT-PCR assay. While, secondly, the expression pattern of this gene during Barrett's neoplastic progression was investigated, as this has not been previously assessed. Both over and under expression of the MAD2 and BUB1 mitotic spindle checkpoint genes were detected at all Barrett's histological stages with no apparent selective trend with neoplastic progression. In addition, no correlation with aneuploidy was established, indicating an alternative mechanism must underlie Barrett's associated chromosomal instability. HSP27 expression was reduced in metaplasia and then significantly increased with progression. Gender-related differences were observed and HSP27 expression was higher in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinomas than in well-differentiated forms. HSP27 transcriptional patterns therefore present potential as a prognostic tool to predict the aggressiveness of oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OA).
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aneuploidy', 'Barrett Esophagus', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mad2 Proteins', 'Male', 'Metaplasia', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Protein Kinases', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Sex Factors']
| 15,013,707
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['C04.834.154', 'C06.405.117.102'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['D12.776.167'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.580.216.270.625'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.167.313', 'D12.776.660.526'], ['C23.550.589'], ['D12.776.580'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C04.834'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
[Affect processing in psychosomatic patients. I].
|
The present article reports the results of an empirical investigation concerned with specific characteristics of psychosomatic patients. Subjects suffering from ulcus duodeni or from colitis ulcerosa designated as psychosomatic patients. Controls were chosen from among neurotic patients and from among patients with only somatic illness. Against the background of the criticism with regard to the scientific approaches so far, our own approach was conceived as an experiment. Film episodes of two contrating (friendly versus unfriendly) interactions between physician and patient were offered to the test subjects as triggering situations. The contents of these film segments were organized in a manner calculated to produce an affective embarrassment in the psychosomatic patients. The reactions of the test subjects were inventoried on two levels. One of the levels of investigation was geared to cognitive processes by the application of Hofst?tter's list of polarities (1955, 1973). In this case the psychosomatic patients distinguished themselves from the two control groups in that they misinterpreted the differences in the affective contents of both film sequences. On the other level of investigation subconscious processes were recorded by the application of Gottschalk's analysis of verbal contents. In this context all three groups in the investigation reacted in a similar manner to friendly connotations in the behaviour of the physician, namely with hidden aggressions. The results infer an affective resonance of the investigated psychosomatic patients on a subconscious level which, however, does not become evident on the conscious cognitive level.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Affect', 'Aggression', 'Anxiety', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Defense Mechanisms', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Humans', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders']
| 6,485,587
|
[['F01.058'], ['F01.470.047'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F01.470.132'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['F01.393'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.080.550', 'F03.650'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F04.711'], ['C23.888.592.700']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mechanisms non-enzymatic browning in orange juice during storage.
|
The role of Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS) derived from the Maillard reaction and ascorbic acid degradation on brown color formation was investigated in orange juice during storage. Eight RCS were monitored in aseptic juice over an 8-week period under refrigerated (4 °C) and accelerated conditions (35 °C). Significant changes in RCS concentrations were reported and positively correlated with color formation. Recombination experiments demonstrated the significant role of 3-deoxyglucosone and acetol on color formation as well as their interactions with glyoxal and methylglyoxal that lead to an increase in browning. Isotopic enrichment techniques further identified fructose as the main precursor of RCS, indicating the important role of Maillard reaction as a mechanism of non-enzymatic browning during orange juice storage. Finally, among the amino acids, tryptophan and glutamine showed the largest percentage losses in orange juice during storage and were reported to significantly impact the RCS composition and color formation.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Citrus sinensis', 'Color', 'Deoxyglucose', 'Food Storage', 'Fructose', 'Fruit and Vegetable Juices', 'Glyoxal', 'Maillard Reaction', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Temperature']
| 30,955,619
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177.769'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['D09.254.229'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['D09.947.875.359.250', 'D09.947.875.465.354'], ['G07.203.100.606', 'J02.200.606'], ['D02.047.644'], ['G02.607.522'], ['E05.196.566'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Temporal-frequency tuning of cross-orientation suppression in the cat striate cortex.
|
A sinusoidal mask grating oriented orthogonally to and superimposed onto an optimally oriented base grating reduces a cortical neuron's response amplitude. The spatial selectivity of cross-orientation suppression (XOR) has been described, so for this paper we investigated the temporal properties of XOR. We recorded from single striate cortical neurons (n = 72) in anesthetized and paralyzed cats. After quantifying the spatial and temporal characteristics of each cell's excitatory response to a base grating, we measured the temporal-frequency tuning of XOR by systematically varying the temporal frequency of a mask grating placed at a null orientation outside of the cell's excitatory orientation domain. The average preferred temporal frequency of the excitatory response of the neurons in our sample was 3.8 (+/- 1.5 S.D.) Hz. The average cutoff frequency for the sample was 16.3 (+/- 1.7) Hz. The average preferred temporal frequency (7.0 +/- 2.6 Hz) and cutoff frequency (20.4 +/- 6.9 Hz) of the XOR were significantly higher. The differences averaged 1.1 (+/- 0.6) octaves for the peaks and 0.3 (+/- 0.4) octaves for the cutoffs. The XOR mechanism's preference for high temporal frequencies suggests a possible extrastriate origin for the effect and could help explain the low-pass temporal-frequency response profile displayed by most striate cortical neurons.
|
['Animals', 'Cats', 'Feedback', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neurons', 'Orientation', 'Visual Cortex', 'Visual Perception']
| 12,020,085
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.571.735', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.953'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation and partial characterization of an anti-bothropic complex from the serum of South American Didelphidae.
|
An anti-bothropic fraction (ABF) with anti-Bothrops jararaca venom activity tested in mice was isolated from the serum of some South American Didelphidae (Didelphis marsupialis, Philander opossum and Lutreolina crassicaudata) by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. ABF from D. marsupialis was shown to be 12 times more active in protection assays on a weight basis than the serum proteins. A similar fraction obtained from Metachirus nudicaudatum serum was shown to be inactive. An anti-bothropic complex (ABC) was isolated from D. marsupialis ABF. HPLC gel permeation chromatography of ABC from D. marsupialis indicated the presence of a main peak with mol. wt of 84,000. SDS-PAGE of this ABC showed the presence of two subunits of 48,000 and 43,000. The active ABF isolated from P. opossum and L. crassicaudata also showed the presence of these subunits by SDS-PAGE. Isolation of the 48,000 mol. wt D. marsupialis subunit by HPLC-hydrophobic interaction chromatography demonstrated that the 43,000 subunit was essential for the protective action of the complex. Both subunits from D. marsupialis, P. opossum and L. crassicaudata were Western-blotted and N-terminal sequenced. No N-terminal amino acid was found for the 43,000 subunit, whereas for the 48,000 subunit a high degree of homology was found: D. marsupialis: H2N-L K A M D P T P P L W I K T E X P . ; L. crassicaudata: H2N-L K A M D P T P P L W I Q T E . . . ; P. opossum: H2N-L K A M D T T P E . . . No significant homology with known proteins was detected.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antivenins', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bothrops', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Opossums', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Species Specificity']
| 7,846,694
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573.601.138', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573.601.138', 'D20.215.401.601.163'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937.240.375'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573.575'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Meningeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Report of a case with cytologic, immunohistologic and ultrastructural studies.
|
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the meninges, a very rare brain tumor, is reported. Cytologic findings by squash preparation were useful as an adjunct to frozen section diagnosis during surgery. The cytologic features of rhabdomyosarcoma without cross-striation have some similarities to those of gemistocytic astrocytomas and anaplastic meningiomas, but the cytoplasmic filaments of rhabdomyosarcoma are different from those of gemistocytic astrocytoma and anaplastic meningioma. Histologically the tumor was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with a partially botryoid pattern. The tumor cells have no cross-striations but react positively to antimyoglobin serum on immunoperoxidase staining. In this case, intracytoplasmic filaments resembling poorly formed myofibrils were found on electron microscopic study. The histologic and immunohistologic findings suggest that this rare mesenchymal malignancy might arise from primitive totipotential cells.
|
['Adult', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Factor VIII', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Meningeal Neoplasms', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Myoglobin', 'Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'Vimentin']
| 7,762,328
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['D12.776.124.125.350', 'D12.776.811.286', 'D23.119.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C04.588.614.250.580', 'C10.551.240.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D12.776.210.500.588', 'D12.776.422.316.940'], ['C04.557.450.590.550.660', 'C04.557.450.795.550.660'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spanish Pacemaker Registry. Twelfth Official Report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Pacing (2014).
|
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: This report describes the results of the analysis of pacemaker implant and replacement data submitted to the Spanish Pacemaker Registry in 2014, with special reference to pacing mode selection.METHODS: The report is based on the processing of information provided by the European Pacemaker Patient Identification Card.RESULTS: Information was received from 117 hospitals, with a total of 12 358 cards, representing 34% of estimated activity. Use of conventional generators and resynchronization devices was 784 and 64.4 units per million population, respectively. The mean age of patients receiving an implant was 77.3 years. Men received 59% of implants and 56.4% of replacements. Most patients receiving generator implants and replacements were in the age range 80 to 89 years. Most endocardial leads used were bipolar, and 84.2% had an active fixation system. Pacing was in VVI/R mode despite being in sinus rhythm in 24.7% of patients with sick sinus syndrome and 24% of those with atrioventricular block.CONCLUSIONS: The use of pacemaker generators and resynchronization devices per million population continued to increase. Most implanted leads had active fixation and approximately 20% had magnetic resonance imaging protection. Age and sex directly influenced pacing mode selection, which could have been improved in more than 20% of cases.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy', 'Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices', 'Cardiology', 'Female', 'Health Smart Cards', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pacemaker, Artificial', 'Registries', 'Sex Distribution', 'Societies, Medical', 'Spain']
| 26,553,269
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['E02.331.200'], ['E02.331.200.500'], ['E07.305.250.750.500'], ['H02.403.429.163'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695.300', 'N04.452.653.250', 'N04.452.859.564.650.250', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.305.250.750'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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Genetic analysis of avian influenza virus from wild birds and mallards reared for shooting in Denmark.
|
Denmark forms a geographical bottleneck along the migration route of many water birds breeding from northeastern Canada to north Siberia that gather to winter in Europe and Africa. Potentially, the concentration of such large numbers of water birds enhances the risk of avian influenza virus (AIV) introduction to domestic poultry. In 2003, Denmark initiated a nationwide survey of AIV in wild birds and mallards reared for shooting. Partial sequence analysis of the six internal genes from a total of 12 low pathogenic (LP) AIV isolates obtained in 2003 showed that genes from these viruses were closely related with genes from AIV circulating in northern Europe. For the Danish sequences only the PB2 and NS genes differ, so they cluster to more than one cluster in the phylogenetic trees. In spring 2006, highly pathogenic (HP) AIV H5N1 was detected in 44 cases of wild birds in Denmark. Sequence analysis of the HP H5N1 virus genome showed that it was not related to the LPAIV isolated previously, but closely related to the HPAIV H5 (Asian type) detected in the rest of Europe at that time. Even though only partial sequences were applied, this gave the idea for future full-length sequence studies.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Birds', 'Denmark', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza in Birds', 'Phylogeny']
| 20,521,672
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['C01.925.782.620.300', 'C22.131.450'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Tumour budding is a reproducible index for risk stratification of patients with stage II colon cancer.
|
AIM: High-risk patients with Stage II colon cancer may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, but it is difficult to identify such a patient group. A robust and reproducible index would be helpful to select the subset of Stage II colon cancer patients at high risk. This study investigated the potential prognostic significance of tumour budding in Stage II colon cancer.METHOD: In all, 135 Stage II colon cancer patients with known outcome were identified. The degree of tumour budding was assessed by two individual observers and was classified, according to the number of tumour buds in the area with the greatest budding intensity on haematoxylin and eosin slides, as high-grade budding (10 or more tumour buds) and low-grade budding (0-9 buds). Inter-observer agreement for two observers was assessed by using the kappa test. Progression-free and cancer-specific survivals were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.RESULTS: The 5-year progression-free survival rates for patients with high-grade tumour budding (n = 36) and those with low-grade budding (n = 99) were 57.6% and 89.0% (P < 0.001). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 66.7% vs 92.0% (P < 0.001). Cox regression analyses demonstrated tumour budding as an independent predictor of disease progression (hazard ratio 4.982, P < 0.001) and cancer-related death (hazard ratio 4.142, P = 0.003). The two observers agreed on the classification of tumour budding in 118 cases (87.4%) and the inter-observer agreement was good (ê = 0.692).CONCLUSION: Tumour budding is a strong and reproducible prognostic factor for adverse outcome in Stage II colon cancer, which may serve as a prognostic marker to identify patients with a high risk of recurrence who may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Young Adult']
| 24,118,729
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Inhibition of transcription initiation by lac repressor.
|
Initiation of transcription of the lac operon by RNA polymerase (R) is inhibited by binding of lac repressor (L) to an operator site which overlaps the lac promoter (P). We have investigated repression of the lac UV5 promoter in vitro for a choice of the repressor--operator binding constant and ranges of thermodynamic activities of L and R which appear to be relevant in vivo. Effects of [L] on the extent of formation and the kinetics of association and dissociation of abortively-initiating open complexes (RPinit) were examined using fluorescence detected abortive initiation and KMnO4 chemical probing. The nitrocellulose filter assay was used to measure the dissociation rate constant and the equilibrium constant for binding for L to its operator site in the absence of R. For the chosen solution conditions, we find that both the observed velocity of abortive RNA oligomer synthesis and the KMnO4 reactivities of bases in the open region are functions of [L] and [R], demonstrating that formation of both RPinit and the repressor-operator complex (PL) are reversible processes under these conditions, and requiring the use of a relaxation-to-equilibrium analysis to interpret the kinetics. The agreement between dissociation rate constants of RPinit when challenged with either lac repressor or heparin, and the dependences on [L] and [R] of abortive synthesis velocities at binding equilibrium and of relaxation rate constants for reversible formation of RPinit from PL, all provide evidence for a simple competition mechanism. In this mechanism, and in contrast to recent proposals from other laboratories, lac repressor inhibits formation of RPinit and hence the observed rate of abortive product synthesis by reducing the equilibrium extent of formation of the first closed complex (RPc1), without affecting either the nature of RPinit or steps in formation of RPinit from RPc1.
|
['DNA, Superhelical', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Heparin', 'Kinetics', 'Lac Operon', 'Potassium Permanganate', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Thermodynamics', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 7,837,267
|
[['D13.444.308.283.250', 'G02.111.570.820.486.212.250', 'G05.360.580.156.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['D01.530.700', 'D01.745.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G01.906'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The gene transfection efficiency of a folate-PEI600-cyclodextrin nanopolymer.
|
The success of gene therapy relies on a safe and effective gene delivery system. In this communication, we describe the use of folate grafted PEI(600)-CyD (H(1)) as an effective polyplex-forming plasmid delivery agent with low toxicity. The structures of the polymer and polyplex were characterized, and the in vitro transfection efficiency, cytotoxicity, and in vivo transfection of H(1) were examined. We found that folate molecules were successfully grafted to PEI(600)-CyD. At N/P ratios between 5 and 30, the resulting H(1)/DNA polyplexes had diameters less than 120 nm and zeta potentials less than 10 mV. In various tumor cell lines examined (U138, U87, B16, and Lovo), the in vitro transfection efficiency of H(1) was more than 50%, which could be improved by the presence of fetal bovine serum or albumin. The cytotoxicity of H(1) was significantly less than high molecular weight PEI-25 kDa. Importantly, in vivo optical imaging showed that the efficiency of H(1)-mediated transfection (50 microg luciferase plasmid (pLuc), N/P ratio=20/1) was comparable to that of adenovirus-mediated luciferase transduction (1 x 10(9) pfu) in melanoma-bearing mice, and it did not induce any toxicity in the tumor tissue. These results clearly show that H(1) is a safe and effective polyplex-forming agent for both in vitro and in vivo transfection of plasmid DNA and its application warrants further investigation.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cyclodextrins', 'DNA', 'Drug Carriers', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Imines', 'Melanoma', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Nanostructures', 'Polyethylenes', 'Polymers', 'Transfection']
| 19,615,741
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D04.345.103', 'D09.301.915.400.375', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D02.491'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550', 'D05.750.716.507', 'D25.720.716.507', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hippocampal epigenetic modification at the doublecortin gene is involved in the impairment of neurogenesis with aging.
|
Recent research has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms, which exert lasting control over gene expression without altering the genetic code, could mediate stable changes in brain function. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that epigenetic changes play a role in the etiology of aging and its associated brain dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the age-related changes in the expression of doublecortin, which is a marker for neuronal precursors, along with epigenetic modification in the hippocampus of aged mice. In the present study, the doublecortin-positive cells were almost completely absent from the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of 28-month-old mice. Furthermore, the expression level of doublecortin mRNA was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of aged mice. Under these conditions, a significant decrease in H3K4 trimethylation and a significant increase in H3K27 trimethylation at doublecortin promoters were observed with aging without any changes in the expression of their associated histone methylases and demethylases in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that aging produces a dramatic decrease in the expression of doublecortin along with epigenetic modifications in the hippocampus.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'DNA Methylation', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genetic Markers', 'Hippocampus', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neuropeptides', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Stem Cells']
| 20,340,168
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Developing a novel FRET assay, targeting the binding between Antizyme-AZIN.
|
Antizyme inhibitor (AZIN) stimulates cell proliferation by binding to and sequestering the cell cycle suppressor antizyme. Despite the important role of the antizyme-AZIN protein-protein interaction (PPI) in cell cycle regulation, there are no assays for directly measuring the binding of AZIN to antizyme that are amenable to high throughput screening. To address this problem, we developed and validated a novel antizyme-AZIN intramolecular FRET sensor using clover and mRuby2 fluorescent proteins. By introducing alanine mutations in the AZIN protein, we used this sensor to probe the PPI for key residues governing the binding interaction. We found that like many PPIs, the energy of the antizyme-AZIN binding interaction is distributed across many amino acid residues; mutation of individual residues did not have a significant effect on disrupting the PPI. We also examined the interaction between Clover-AZIN and antizyme-mRuby2 in cells. Evidence of a direct interaction between Clover-AZIN and antizyme-mRuby2 was observed within cells, validating the use of this FRET sensor for probing intracellular antizyme-AZIN PPI. In conclusion, we have developed and optimized a FRET sensor which can be adapted for high throughput screening of either in vitro or intracellular activity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Biophysical Phenomena', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Humans', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteins']
| 30,874,587
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.425'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
No effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field observed on cell growth or initial response of cell proliferation in human cancer cell lines.
|
An effect on the tumor promotion process, as represented by accelerated cell growth, has been indicated as one example of areas that demonstrate the possibility of biological effects of extremely-low frequency magnetic fields. We, therefore, exposed the five cell lines (HL-60, K-562, MCF-7, A-375, and H4) derived from human tumors to a magnetic field for 3 days to investigate the effects on cell growth. Prior to exposure or sham exposure, the cells were precultured for 2 days in low serum conditions. The number of growing cells was counted in a blind manner. To investigate the effect on the initial response of cell proliferation, two cell lines were synchronized in G1 phase by serum starvation and then exposed to a magnetic field for 18 h (H4 cells) or 24 h (MCF-7 cells), both with and without serum stimulation. The rate of DNA synthesis, taken as a measure of the cell proliferation, was determined by following the incorporation of [(3)H]-thymidine into the DNA. Three different magnetic field polarizations at both 50 and 60 Hz were used: linearly polarized (vertical); circularly polarized; and an elliptically polarized field. Magnetic field flux densities were set at 500, 100, 20 and 2 microT (rms) for the vertical field and at 500 microT (rms) for the rotating fields. No effect of magnetic field exposure was observed on either cell growth or the initial response of cell proliferation.
|
['Cell Division', 'Culture Media', 'HL-60 Cells', 'Humans', 'K562 Cells', 'Magnetics', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 12,111,756
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A11.251.210.190.465', 'A11.251.860.180.465', 'A11.627.340.360.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.510', 'A11.251.860.180.510', 'A11.443.240.497.480'], ['H01.671.493'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
United States emergency medicine block rotation curricula for the 1986-87 academic year.
|
Because emergency medicine is a broad-based specialty, there is much leeway in the structure of resident education. The monthly block curriculum is a major determinant of the overall residency training experience. The purpose of our study was to define the block curricula of the accredited emergency medicine residencies in the 1986-87 academic year. In a mail-confirmed telephone survey of residency directors, monthly block rotation data were obtained for 187 postgraduate years in 66 (98%) of 67 approved residencies; identified were 51 individual rotations in nine areas. The PG1 year, present in 47 (71%) of 66 residencies, resembled the flexible internship. Rotations in obstetrics-gynecology, medicine, pediatrics, and surgery accounted for 50% of PG1 year training time. Adult emergency department experience was 21% of PG1 year. In the PG2-4 (PG2+) years, 56% of clinical time was spent in the adult or pediatric ED (mean, 6.6 months per year). Electives and surgery rotations each accounted for 11% of PG2+ years training time. Emergency medicine-related areas and critical care rotations each accounted for 7% of the PG2+ years training time. Besides time spent in the ED and on electives, the most highly weighted individual rotations in the PG2+ years were orthopedic surgery, trauma surgery, and emergency medical services. Nearly all programs offered rotations in the adult ED, a surgical subspecialty, critical care, and an elective during residency training. The percentage of rotations requiring direct supervision by emergency physicians increased threefold by the PG4 year. Off-service rotations dropped 15-fold during the PG4 year relative to the PG1 year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Curriculum', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Internship and Residency', 'United States']
| 3,177,993
|
[['I02.158'], ['H02.403.250'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary function in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.
|
This study was performed to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary hormone regulation in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Twenty-two patients without clinically overt endocrinological dysfunction were studied. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone test revealed abnormal growth hormone regulation in 9 of 17 (53%) patients, and abnormal prolactin regulation in 9 of 18 (50%) patients. Abnormalities in either growth hormone or prolactin regulation were found in 12 of 17 (71%) patients. Serum somatomedin C levels were normal in all 22 patients. In 3 of 18 (17%) patients the plasma arginine vasopressin levels were low relative to the serum osmolality levels. Thus abnormalities in hypothalamic-pituitary hormone regulation may be common in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy.
|
['Amyloidosis', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Polyneuropathies', 'Prolactin', 'Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone']
| 1,899,879
|
[['C18.452.845.500'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781.100', 'D12.644.400.900.100', 'D12.644.456.925.100', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781.100', 'D12.776.631.650.937.100'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.640'], ['C10.668.829.800'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.880', 'D12.644.400.400.740.880', 'D12.644.456.837', 'D12.644.548.365.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.880', 'D12.776.631.650.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Relationship between Attitudes toward Suicide and Family History of Suicide in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.
|
Certain attitudes toward suicide may be a risk factor for suicide among the bereaved. To explore this possibility, we examined the relationship between attitudes toward suicide and family history of suicide. We focused on two specific attitudes indicating resignation in a survey: #1 "When a person chooses to die by suicide, the suicide is inevitable" (i.e., inevitability belief); and #2 "A suicide cannot be stopped by any person, because suicide is unpreventable" (i.e., unpreventable belief). The data of 5117 fully completed questionnaires were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the two attitudes of resignation were significantly associated with a family history of suicide. The adjusted odds ratio for #1 was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.07-1.79) for individuals having experienced suicide by a family member or relative, while that for #2 was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.27-1.95) for experiencing a suicide by a family member or relative and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.05-1.49) for experiencing a suicide by a friend, business associate, partner or other. These two attitudes of resignation toward suicide were significantly associated with a family history of suicide. These attitudes might increase suicide risk among the bereaved.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude to Death', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Suicide', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 27,338,441
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.125', 'N05.300.125'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Reproductive hormones in relation to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites among non-occupational exposure of males.
|
A limited number of studies have suggested that exposure to PAHs may affect reproductive hormones. Subjects (n=642) in this study were from the affiliated hospitals of Nanjing Medical University. Individual exposures to PAHs were measured as spot urinary concentrations of four PAH metabolites, including 1-naphthol (1-N), 2-naphthol (2-N), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OF) and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OP), which were adjusted by urinary creatinine (CR). Blood samples were collected to measure serum levels of reproductive hormones, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotrophic hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and prolactin (PRL). All of the subjects had detectable levels of the four metabolites of PAHs in their urine samples. The median concentrations of 1-N, 2-N, 2-OF and 1-OP were 2.440, 4.176, 2.843 and 1.148 microg/g of CR. There were significant P-values between increased CR-adjusted 1-N tertiles and E2 concentration, 2-OF tertiles and LH, FSH level, 1-OP and E2 level. The multivariate linear regression results also showed significant correlation between the levels of serum LH and 1-OP (the adjusting P-value was 0.048), but no correlations were found between other hormones and the level of PAH metabolites. These observed correlations between levels of hydroxy-PAH and some altered hormones indicated slight endocrine effects on adult men with PAH exposure.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Estradiol', 'Fluorenes', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human', 'Hormones', 'Humans', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Naphthols', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Prolactin', 'Pyrenes', 'Reference Values', 'Testosterone']
| 19,942,255
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.389', 'D04.615.389'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.343.288.625'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.638', 'D04.615.638.638'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Experiment and computer-aided simulation: complementary tools to understand exercise metabolism.
|
During the last two decades the concept of the MLSS (maximal lactate steady state) has been established. The MLSS detects the highest level of the BLC (blood lactate concentration) and the corresponding workload (MLSS workload) that can be maintained over time without continual BLC accumulation. In spite of a lack of experimental and/or theoretical foundation, it has been speculated that the level of the MLSS may decrease with increasing performance capacity. The potential inter-relationship between performance capacity and BLC response to prolonged constant workload will be analysed based on a recent study, which provided evidence that the MLSS is independent of performance whereas MLSS workload increases with performance capacity, and by a computer-aided simulation. The simulated model modifies and combines previous theories put forward to explain the response of BLC to exercise and incorporates a theory about limiting factors of oxygen transport to the muscle cell. Simulations consider the BLC response to selected prolonged constant workloads while paying special respect to changes in body structure and substrate utilization, which are generally accepted as limiting factors of performance capacity. This complex modulation of appearance and disappearance of lactate during constant prolonged exercise seems to support the experimental results, which indicated independence between MLSS and performance capacity.
|
['Adult', 'Computer Simulation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 14,641,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G03.295'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Vibrational spectra and surface-enhanced vibrational spectra of 1-nitropyrene.
|
The present report on the vibrational spectra of 1-nitropyrene (1NP) describes the infrared and Raman spectra; their interpretation is aided by local density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) level of theory and by the surface-enhanced vibrational spectra (SEVS) with the final objective of trace organic analytical applications. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on silver island films and mixed silver/gold island films was investigated with several laser lines in the visible region. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) was attempted on silver and gold island films. The interface of the organic 1-NP with smooth metal surfaces of silver and copper was also probed using reflection-absorption infrared (RAIRS) spectra that, in conjunction with the transmission spectra, allow one to extract the molecular orientation in vacuum evaporated thin solid films. Chemical adsorption of 1-NP on silver and further photochemical decomposition of the 1-NP-metal adsorbates was detected with all visible laser lines. Resonance Raman scattering (RRS) using UV-laser excitation at 325 nm was also recorded.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Algorithms', 'Microchemistry', 'Mutagens', 'Pyrenes', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Vibration']
| 15,165,332
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799', 'D04.615.799'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Epifluorescent microscopy of earthworms' intestinal bacteria.
|
Epifluorescent microscopy was employed to compare the bacterial live counts (BC) in the gut of two earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus, representing different ecophysiological groups. The average number of BC was 10.9 x 10(9) g-1 dry weight in the gut of A. caliginosa, 5.9 x 10(9) in that of L. rubellus, 8.1 x 10(9) in earthworm casts and 6.0 x 10(9) in the soil. The number of BC showed a great seasonal variability in all the materials studied, exhibiting maxima in spring and autumn, and a minimum in summer. The BC increased in number during the passage of food material through the gut of both L. rubellus and A. caliginosa. The difference between BC in fore-gut and hind-gut were significantly higher in L. rubellus (4.2 x 10(9) vs. 8.8 x 10(9)) than that in A. caliginosa (10.3 x 10(9) vs. 13.4 x 10(9)). Interspecific differences in the number of BC may result from the different chemical and microbiological composition of the material consumed by earthworms as related to different feeding habits of both species.
|
['Animals', 'Bacteria', 'Digestion', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Intestines', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Oligochaeta', 'Seasons', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 7,620,811
|
[['B01.050'], ['B03'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['A03.556.124'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A comparison of sesquiterpene scaffolds across different populations of the tropical marine sponge Acanthella cavernosa.
|
Specimens of the Indo-Pacific sponge Acanthella cavernosa Dendy collected from locations along the Eastern coastline of Australia have been shown to contain a range of sesquiterpenes including isothiocyanate 1, isocyanide 10, and the isocyanates 15 and 22. These metabolite studies have provided a basis for chemical comparisons between sponge populations from different geographic locations and between individual specimens collected from a single location.
|
['Animals', 'Australia', 'Marine Biology', 'Molecular Structure', 'Porifera', 'Sesquiterpenes']
| 17,953,446
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['H01.158.273.248.750.500', 'H01.277.249.750.500', 'H01.277.750.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['B01.050.500.802'], ['D02.455.849.765']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Evaluating family-centred service using a measure of parents' perceptions.
|
This article describes the use of a newly-developed measure of parents' perceptions of health care providers' behaviours (Measure of Processes of Care-MPOC) to evaluate the family centredness of children's rehabilitation services. The measure was developed with the participation of more than 1600 parents of children with chronic neurodevelopmental conditions throughout Ontario. It assesses five domains: enabling and partnership; providing general information; providing specific information about the child; coordinated and comprehensive care; and respectful and supportive care. By comparing the perceptions of parents receiving services from three different types of organizations or programmes, we demonstrated that the MPOC can pick up differences between parents in their experiences of caregiving. We also demonstrated that the MPOC is able to detect differences in how parents view the family-centredness of services provided by individual centres. The data indicate that the MPOC has appreciable utility in providing programmes and services with a description of their current level of family-centred service as perceived by parents. The strengths, limitations and potential uses of the measure in other contexts are discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Child', 'Child Health Services', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cleft Lip', 'Cleft Palate', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Ontario', 'Parents', 'Patient-Centered Care', 'Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Professional-Family Relations', 'Psychometrics', 'Rehabilitation Centers', 'Sampling Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,023,031
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N02.421.143.130'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C07.465.409.225', 'C07.465.525.164', 'C07.650.525.164', 'C16.131.850.525.164'], ['C05.500.460.185', 'C05.660.207.540.460.185', 'C07.320.440.185', 'C07.465.525.185', 'C07.650.500.460.185', 'C07.650.525.185', 'C16.131.621.207.540.460.185', 'C16.131.850.500.460.185', 'C16.131.850.525.185'], ['F01.145.236'], ['F03.625.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.107.567.176.639'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['N04.590.233.727.407'], ['N04.761.559.650', 'N05.715.360.575.625'], ['F01.829.401.550'], ['F04.711.780'], ['N02.278.808'], ['E05.318.372.875', 'N05.715.360.330.875', 'N06.850.520.450.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Validating the prediction of lower urinary tract infection in primary care: sensitivity and specificity of urinary dipsticks and clinical scores in women.
|
BACKGROUND: Dipsticks are one of the most commonly used near-patient tests in primary care, but few clinical or dipstick algorithms have been rigorously developed.AIM: To confirm whether previously documented clinical and dipstick variables and algorithms predict laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI).DESIGN OF STUDY: Validation study.SETTING: Primary care.METHOD: A total of 434 adult females with suspected lower UTI had bacteriuria assessed using the European Urinalysis Guidelines.RESULTS: Sixty-six per cent of patients had confirmed UTI. The predictive values of nitrite, leucocyte esterase (+ or greater), and blood (haemolysed trace or greater) were confirmed (independent multivariate odds ratios = 5.6, 3.5, and 2.1 respectively). The previously developed dipstick rule--based on presence of nitrite, or both leucocytes and blood-- was moderately sensitive (75%) but less specific (66%; positive predictive value [PPV] 81%, negative predictive value [NPV] 57%). Predictive values were improved by varying the cut-off point: NPV was 76% for all three dipstick results being negative; the PPV was 92% for having nitrite and either blood or leucocyte esterase. Urine offensive smell was not found to be predictive in this sample; for a clinical score using the remaining three predictive clinical features (urine cloudiness, dysuria, and nocturia), NPV was 67% for none of the features, and PPV was 82% for three features.CONCLUSION: A clinical score is of limited value in increasing diagnostic precision. Dipstick results can modestly improve diagnostic precision but poorly rule out infection. Clinicians need strategies to take account of poor NPVs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Clinical Laboratory Techniques', 'England', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reagent Strips', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Urinalysis', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'Young Adult']
| 20,594,439
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225', 'E05.200'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['D27.505.259.875.680', 'D27.720.470.410.680.680', 'E07.720.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.124.810', 'E01.370.390.810', 'E05.200.124.810'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rapid and accurate measurement of growth of solid tumours and changes in the tumour bed in the rat by the technique of volumetric displacement.
|
An apparatus which has been widely used in rats for measuring swelling of the foot induced locally by inflammatory agents has been adapted to measure rapidly, accurately and objectively, the growth of tumour cells transplanted to the foot, and the reactions of the normal tissues (tumour bed) to tumour growth. General features on the apparatus and the techniques used are described. Examples are provided of preliminary measurements made of normal growth of the foot, reactions of the foot to two injurious agents (histamine and Corynebacterium parvum) and of growth of allogeneic (W256) tumour cells.
|
['Animals', 'Biometry', 'Carcinoma 256, Walker', 'Female', 'Hindlimb', 'Inflammation', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Rats']
| 831,762
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.225', 'N06.850.505.200'], ['C04.557.435.290.210', 'C04.557.450.795.290.210', 'C04.619.045'], ['A13.473'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phase I trial of continuous infusion carboplatin and etoposide in children with refractory acute leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this phase I study was to determine the toxicities and response to continuous infusion carboplatin in combination with a fixed dose of etoposide (VP-16) in children with refractory acute leukemia.PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1989 to February 1992, 20 patients received 28 courses of treatment. Each course of treatment consisted of a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion of VP-16 100 mg/m2/d for 5 days, followed by a 23-hour IV infusion of carboplatin each day. The initial, total 5-day dose of carboplatin (1,000 mg/m2) was escalated by 250- to 375-mg increments to a final, total dose of 1,875 mg/m2 over 5 days.RESULTS: Significant marrow suppression was observed in all patients, with prolonged marrow aplasia at the 1,875-mg/m2 dose level. Grade III diarrhea occurred in three patients; 10 patients experienced life-threatening infection and three had severe thrombocytopenic bleeding. Major marrow responses (two complete remissions and two partial remissions) occurred in four patients (20%).CONCLUSION: In view of the apparent antileukemic efficacy and minimal extramedullary toxicity, carboplatin deserves further study in a phase II trial.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Bone Marrow', 'Carboplatin', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diarrhea', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Etoposide', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Leukemia', 'Male', 'Remission Induction', 'United States']
| 8,083,718
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D02.257.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['E02.319.283'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.960.675.250', 'D04.615.638.960.675.250', 'D09.408.348.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['C04.557.337'], ['E02.860'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Respiratory responses of the domestic fowl to low level carbon dioxide exposure.
|
Respiratory function in the restrained, conscious domestic fowl was measured using a non-invasive technique and computer aided analysis to examine respiratory flow, and in-dwelling arterial catheters to monitor blood carbon dioxide levels. The effects of two low ranges of inspiratory carbon dioxide (0.2 to 1.0 per cent and 0.25 to 2.25 per cent) were studied, simulating levels of carbon dioxide that may occur in commercial poultry units and representing a mild environmental stress for the birds. A linear increase in minute volume with inspiratory carbon dioxide was observed, due primarily to increases in tidal volume. Arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) tension also rose as the inspiratory carbon dioxide concentration was raised, but higher inspiratory carbon dioxide levels were required to affect significantly blood carbon dioxide concentration than to modify respiratory parameters. Variation was observed in the individual bird's response to carbon dioxide (bird X carbon dioxide interaction), suggesting that resting values of the respiratory parameters measured were important in determining the bird's ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Chickens', 'Female', 'Partial Pressure', 'Plethysmography', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Function Tests']
| 3,085,182
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['E01.370.370.610'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Species composition and seasonal dynamics of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in wheat fields in northern China.
|
Parasitoids are important natural enemies of aphids in wheat fields of northern China, and interest in them has increased in recent years. However, little is known regarding parasitoids of wheat aphids, which has hindered the study and understanding of aphid-parasitoid interactions. In the present study, three primary parasitoids and 15 hyperparasitoids were collected in wheat fields during a 2-year survey in northern China (2014, 2015) and a 2-year investigation at Langfang, Hebei Province (2015, 2016). Among them, Aphidius uzbekistanicus Luzhetski was found most frequently among the primary parasitoids, while Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouch?) dominated the hyperparasitoid community. Investigation of the dynamics of wheat aphids and parasitoids revealed that the primary parasitoids appeared early in the growing period and that the hyperparasitoids appeared later. Analysis of the seasonal dynamics revealed that growth of the parasitoid population followed that of the aphid population and that the parasitism rates were highest in the late growing period.
|
['Animals', 'Aphids', 'Biodiversity', 'China', 'Host-Parasite Interactions', 'Population Dynamics', 'Seasons', 'Species Specificity', 'Triticum']
| 29,070,808
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412.165'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G16.527.200.400'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The use of videotape in the treatment planning seminar.
|
Despite the drawbacks, the student evaluation of the seminar approach was positive. This reinforced the faculty's view that the seminar is a unique, interactive learning experience. The seminar provides a forum for faculty and students to integrate the various treatment planning and case management skills taught in oral diagnosis and radiology. Students must focus on the treatment plan for the "whole" patient without regard for divisional bias. Although some students criticized the seminar experience as too stressful, others believed that a certain level of stress actually aided the learning process. The faculty plans to identify the sources of this stress and eliminate them whenever possible. One guess is that most of the stress results from the students striving to do well for their peers and the attending faculty; this will be difficult to eliminate. The use of videotape as a medium for displaying the patient interview and intraoral conditions has been proven and is well supported by student evaluation. The use of live cases for the seminars adds reality to the treatment planning process and was also strongly supported by student evaluation.
|
['Curriculum', 'Education, Dental', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Students, Dental', 'Teaching', 'Videotape Recording']
| 3,456,369
|
[['I02.158'], ['I02.358.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['M01.848.769.519'], ['I02.903'], ['J01.897.280.500.846.734', 'J01.897.280.500.898.840', 'L01.178.590.875.840', 'L01.178.820.090.846.734', 'L01.178.820.090.898.840', 'L01.280.940.840', 'L01.280.960.880']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Health promotion and injury prevention in a child development center.
|
The purpose of the study was to determine if a nurse-directed health promotion program in a day care center increased the health of the children in the center and decreased injury rates. The research used a quasi-experimental time series design to answer the research questions. The convenience sample consisted of 29 children between the ages of 6 weeks to 5 years who were enrolled in a university child care center in a metropolitan area. The subjects had their health evaluated by a registered nurse, using the Child Health Assessment Inventory, once per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The Child Health Assessment Inventory measures frequent childhood illnesses and injuries. At the end of this first stage of data collection the Health Promotion Program was given to the staff members in the center. The program consisted of primary care information, such as signs and symptoms of childhood illness, infection control, injury prevention, and first aid. At the conclusion of the program the children had their health evaluated again once per week for 4 weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA showed there was a significant decrease in upper respiratory illness and accidental injury rates. The clinical application of this research is that a nurse-directed health promotion program can have an impact on childhood injuries. Subsequent research can determine if similar health promotion classes to parents and children have a positive effect on health.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Child Day Care Centers', 'Child, Preschool', 'Community Health Nursing', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Program Evaluation', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 9,198,338
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['J03.160', 'N02.421.143.098'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['H02.478.676.150', 'N02.421.143.150'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['C26']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The influence of music on pictorial expression of young women--a comparative study of different music styles].
|
Questing one's personal identity and developing a coherent representation of oneself, the other and the world are major tasks in adolescence. Research showed that a satisfactory resolution of the crisis of adolescence can be favoured by psychological counselling based on artistic mediations. The objective of this study consisted in exploring the effect of music on the pictorial expression of a non clinical sample of female adolescents (N=157) aged from 17 to 28 years. We analysed free drawings realised by the test group with the help of a rating scale constructed in a phenomenological and structural perspective (Schiltz, 2006). The adolescents painted under musical induction. We proposed three different styles of music, i.e. baroque music (Georg Friedrich H?ndel and Johann Sebastian Bach), classical music (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven) and polish ethnical music (Kapela ze Wsi Warszawa-Warsaw Village Band). By using non parametric inferential and multi dimensional statistics, we could show that structural characteristics of music styles lead to differences in formal and content variables on the rating scales for the pictures. The results of our exploratory study open some tracks for future research. It would be pertinent to enlarge the population to other categories of age and to investigate the influence of gender.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Art', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Music', 'Paintings', 'Personality', 'Social Identification', 'Young Adult']
| 20,653,187
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['K01.093'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.602'], ['K01.093.646'], ['F01.752'], ['F01.145.813.708'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Determination of fentanyl in human plasma by head-space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
|
A head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled to GC-MS was developed to extract fentanyl from human plasma. The protein binding was reduced by acidification and, eventually, the sample was deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid. The parameters influencing adsorption (extraction time, temperature, pH and salt addition) and desorption (desorption time and temperature) of the analyte on the fibre were investigated and validated for method development. The developed method proved to be rapid, simple, easy and inexpensive and offers high sensitivity and reproducibility. Linear range was obtained from 0.1 ng/ml to 2 microg/ml. The limit of detection was 0.03 ng/ml while an inter-day precision of less than 5% (n=15) could be achieved. The method has been applied for the determination of fentanyl in plasma samples after application of 50 microg/h Duragesic fentanyl patch.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Fentanyl', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Molecular Structure', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Salts', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Solid Phase Microextraction', 'Temperature']
| 17,250,988
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['D03.383.621.265'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['D01.786'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.155.800.500'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
'Of Mice and Dementia': A filmed conversation on the use of animals in dementia research.
|
Preclinical science research focuses on the study of physiological systems regulating body functions, and how they are dysregulated in disease, in a non-human setting. For example, cells in a dish, computer simulations or animals. Scientific procedures traditionally involve a specialist scientist developing a hypothesis and subsequently testing it using an experimental set-up. The results are then disseminated to the wider scientific community, following peer review and only at the last stage the news will reach the general, lay public. In the last few years, some research funding institutions have promoted a different model, with the direct involvement of members of the public in the research co-creation, from the hypothesis development, to the grant revision, project monitoring and results communication. We personally experienced this model and brought it to a further level by producing a movie. Animal research is a very controversial topic as, while still being necessary for the investigation of body functions, it brings about issues related to the ethics, the regulation and the practical execution of experimental procedures on animals. Here we discuss the different stages of the ideation, production and outcomes of the movie 'Of Mice and Dementia', a filmed conversation on animal experimentation in dementia research. The conversation was between scientists and lay people with a direct experience of dementia.
|
['Animals', 'Communication', 'Community Participation', 'Dementia', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ethics, Research', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Motion Pictures', 'Research']
| 30,373,455
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['K01.752.566.479.173', 'N05.350.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.598', 'K01.093.545', 'L01.178.590.500', 'L01.178.820.090.598'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Mechanism of endothelial cell shape change and cytoskeletal remodeling in response to fluid shear stress.
|
Endothelium exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) undergoes cell shape change, alignment and microfilament network remodeling in the direction of flow by an unknown mechanism. In this study we explore the role of tyrosine kinase (TK) activity, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), mechanosensitive channels and cytoskeleton in the mechanism of cell shape change and actin stress fiber induction in bovine aortic endothelium (BAE). We report that FSS induces beta-actin mRNA in a time- and magnitude-dependent fashion. Treatment with quin2-AM to chelate intracellular calcium release and herbimycin A to inhibit TK activity abolished BAE shape change and actin stress fiber induction by FSS, while inhibition of protein kinase C with chelerythrine had no effect. Altering intermediate filament structure with acrylamide did not affect alignment or F-actin induction by FSS. Examining the role of the BAE cytoskeleton revealed a critical role for microtubules (MT). MT disruption with nocodazole blocked both FSS-induced morphological change and actin stress fiber induction. In contrast, MT hyperpolymerization with taxol attenuated the cell shape change but did not prevent actin stress fiber induction under flow. Mechanosensitive channels were found not to be involved in the FSS-induced shape change. Blocking the shear-activated current (IK.S) with barium and the stretch-activated cation channels (ISA) with gadolinium had no effect on the shear-induced changes in morphology and cytoskeleton. In summary, FSS has a profound effect on endothelial shape and F-actin network by a mechanism which depends on TK activity, intracellular calcium, and an intact microtubule network, but is independent of protein kinase C, intermediate filaments and shear- and stretch-activated mechanosensitive channels.
|
['Acrylamide', 'Acrylamides', 'Actin Cytoskeleton', 'Actins', 'Alkaloids', 'Animals', 'Barium Compounds', 'Benzophenanthridines', 'Calcium', 'Cattle', 'Cell Size', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorides', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gadolinium', 'Hemorheology', 'Microtubules', 'Phalloidine', 'Phenanthridines', 'Potassium Channels', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 8,718,663
|
[['D02.065.122.015', 'D02.241.081.069.094.015'], ['D02.065.122', 'D02.241.081.069.094'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.050'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D03.132'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.103'], ['D03.132.089', 'D03.633.300.633.207', 'D03.633.400.131'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.325'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D01.268.558.362.484', 'D01.552.550.399.484'], ['E05.830.250', 'G09.188.370', 'G09.330.380.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D04.345.566.735', 'D12.644.456.735', 'D12.644.641.735', 'D23.946.587.755'], ['D03.633.300.633'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Bioinformatic analysis of dengue virus cDNAs and design of oligonucleotide probes for microarray detection of the virus].
|
OBJECTIVE: To design oligonucleotide probes for microarray detection of dengue virus.METHODS: By analyzing the cDNAs of dengue viruses of 4 different serotypes with BLAST program, a group of specific sequences for the candidate probes was acquired. Oligo6.0 software was applied to analyze the candidates to select the probes with high specificity, identical length and similar melting temperature (Tm).RESULT: Altogether 48 oligonucleotide probes were designed, and deposited on oligonucleotide chips as the microarray for dengue virus detection.CONCLUSION: BLAST program and Oligo6.0 software are simple and effective means for designing the oligonucleotide probes.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Computational Biology', 'Dengue Virus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oligonucleotide Probes']
| 13,129,715
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B04.820.578.344.350.270'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of lambda repressor prophage and establishment transcription by the product of gene tof.
|
Control of expression of the bacteriophage lambda (lambda) repressor was studied by measuring repressor transcription in noninduced and derepressed lambda lysogens. Three distinct modes of leftward transcription were observed from cI and the adjacent genes associated with the control of repressor synthesis: The prophage or maintenance mode Prm-cI-rex-ti repressor transcript occurs from repressed lysogens; the oop (Po-oop-to) transcript, and the lit (lit-ti) RNA, from the distal half of gene rex, both occur from induced tof+ prophage; the repressor establishment mode of transcription is observed throughout the rex-cI-tof-y-cII-oop interval between Po and ti from induced tof- prophage. The overall level of establishment mRNA synthesis is partially template dependent. However, the actual initiation step for repressor establishment transcription requires the participation of the lambda cIII, cII products, and also either requires the activity of Escherichia coli replication proteins, or is triggered by a replication initiation event. The cII cIII products do not positively stimulate de novo initiation of establishment transcription, but rather act after an initial replication-dependent step. Initiation of the establishment mode of repressor transcription is totally inhibited by more than 125-fold, in an all or none fashion, by the lambda antirepressor (Tof), the product of gene tof (cro). Since Tof only reduces the in vivo rightward transcription of cII from Pr by about 2-fold, we suggest that Tof inhibits repressor establishment transcription by either uncoupling the replication and cII-cIII dependent events, or by inhibiting the activity rather than the expression of the cIII, cII products. Our results do not fully support either of the present hypotheses that establishment transcription is initiated from the hypothetical Pre promoter in the y-interval, or arises through antitermination of the oop RNA. Since the initiation and control of the establishment mode of repressor transcription parallels the control of lit RNA synthesis, we propose a common mechanism underlies the initiation of these transcripts.
|
['Coliphages', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Viral', 'Enzyme Repression', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Genes, Viral', 'Lysogeny', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 703,760
|
[['B04.123.205'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.308.320.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['G05.935.500', 'G06.920.877.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of UPR pathway in defense response of Aedes aegypti against Cry11Aa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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The insecticidal Cry toxins are pore-forming toxins produced by the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis that disrupt insect-midgut cells. Cells can trigger different survival mechanisms to counteract the effects of sub-lytic doses of pore forming toxins. Particularly, two signaling pathways have been demonstrated to play a role in the defense mechanism to other toxins in Caenorhabditis elegans and in mammalian cells. These are the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) pathways, which are proposed to facilitate membrane repair responses. In this work we analyzed the role of these pathways in Aedes aegypti response to intoxication with Cry11Aa toxin. We show that UPR is activated upon toxin ingestion. The role of these two pathways was analyzed in vivo by using RNA interference. We silenced the expression of specific proteins in A. aegypti larvae. Gene silencing of Ire-1 and Xbp-1 proteins from UPR system, resulted in hypersensitive to Cry11Aa toxin action. In contrast, silencing of Cas-1, Scap and S2P from SREBP pathway had no affect on Cry11Aa toxicity in A. aegypti larvae. However, the role of SREBP pathway requires further studies to be conclusive. Our data indicate that the UPR pathway is involved in the insect defense against Cry toxins.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Endotoxins', 'Genes, Insect', 'Hemolysin Proteins', 'Insect Proteins', 'Larva', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA Interference', 'Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transcription Factors', 'Unfolded Protein Response']
| 23,594,997
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['D23.946.123.090'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['D12.776.543.695.444'], ['D12.776.093.500'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.776.260.950.624', 'D12.776.930.977.624'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750'], ['G07.775'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.962', 'G02.111.691.600.850', 'G03.734.871.790.600.850', 'G05.308.670.600.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder--case report.
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Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is a benign, mostly asymptomatic condition of an unknown aetiology. Hyperplastic changes in the gallbladder wall cause an overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of the muscular wall, and formation of intramural diverticula or sinus tracts termed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Adenomyomatosis is divided on general, segmental and localised. Ultrasound examination, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are used in diagnostic procedure. The importance of the disease lies in the fact that it can cause recurrent right upper quadrant pain so it must be concerned in resolving pain cause. This paper was aimed at explaining the aetiology of the disease, its clinical manifestation, making diagnosis and therapy in order to make its diagnosis and treatment possible.
|
['Adenomyoma', 'Adult', 'Asymptomatic Diseases', 'Female', 'Gallbladder Neoplasms', 'Humans']
| 21,789,927
|
[['C04.557.435.110'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.187'], ['C04.588.274.120.401', 'C06.130.320.401', 'C06.130.564.401', 'C06.301.120.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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The first total synthesis of the cyclodepsipeptide pipecolidepsin A.
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Pipecolidepsin A is a head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine sponge Homophymia lamellosa. This compound shows relevant cytotoxic activity in three human tumour cell lines and has unique structural features, with an abundance of non-proteinogenic residues, including several intriguing amino acids. Although the moieties present in the structure show high synthetic difficulty, the cornerstone is constituted by the unprecedented and highly hindered ã-branched â-hydroxy-á-amino acid D-allo-(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid (AHDMHA) residue, placed at the branching ester position and surrounded by the four demanding residues L-(2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dimethylglutamine, (2R,3R,4S)-4,7-diamino-2,3-dihydroxy-7-oxoheptanoic acid, D-allo-Thr and L-pipecolic acid. Here we describe the first total synthesis of a D-allo-AHDMHA-containing peptide, pipecolidepsin A, thus allowing chemical structure validation of the natural product and providing a robust synthetic strategy to access other members of the relevant head-to-side-chain family in a straightforward manner.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Depsipeptides', 'Female', 'HT29 Cells', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Pipecolic Acids', 'Porifera', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 23,989,475
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D04.345.566.297', 'D12.644.641.297'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['C04'], ['D03.066.758', 'D03.383.621.758'], ['B01.050.500.802'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Mouse eosinophils possess potent antibacterial properties in vivo.
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Eosinophils are best known as the predominant cellular infiltrate associated with asthma and parasitic infections. Recently, numerous studies have documented the presence of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the surfaces of eosinophils, suggesting that these leukocytes may participate in the recognition and killing of viruses and bacteria. However, the significance of this role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection is largely unknown. Here we report a novel role for eosinophils as antibacterial defenders in the host response. Isolated mouse eosinophils possessed antipseudomonal properties in vitro. In vivo, interleukin-5 transgenic mice, which have profound eosinophilia, demonstrated improved clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa introduced into the peritoneal cavity. The findings of improved bacterial clearance following adoptive transfer of eosinophils, and impaired bacterial clearance in mice with a congenital eosinophil deficiency, established that this effect was eosinophil specific. The data presented also demonstrate that eosinophils mediate this antibacterial effect in part through the release of cationic secondary granule proteins. Specifically, isolated eosinophil granules had antibacterial properties in vitro, and administration of eosinophil granule extracts significantly improved bacterial clearance in vivo. These data suggest a potent yet underappreciated antibacterial role for eosinophils in vivo, specifically for eosinophil granules. Moreover, the data suggest that the administration of eosinophil-derived products may represent a viable adjuvant therapy for septic or bacteremic patients in the intensive care unit.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Eosinophil Cationic Protein', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Interleukin-5', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Pseudomonas Infections']
| 19,703,974
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D08.811.277.352.700.350.262', 'D12.776.124.486.379.249'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.202', 'D12.776.467.374.465.186', 'D23.529.374.465.202'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['C01.150.252.400.739']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis, complicated by intracystic bleeding].
|
Data of 14 patients with chronic cystic pancreatitis, complicated by intracystic bleeding, were analyzed. Early diagnosis of a bleeding episode provides an in-time diagnostic and treatment procedures. Angiographic bleeding vessel occlusion is considered to be a method of choice. When the latter is impossible, a method of temporary intraoperative hemostasis is suggested, which decreases blood loss and permits an adequate surgical aid.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Hemostasis, Surgical', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Cyst', 'Pancreatitis, Chronic', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Radiography', 'Ultrasonography']
| 20,559,207
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.520.490', 'E04.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.182.640', 'C06.689.500'], ['C06.689.750.830'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The treatment of stroke in internal medicine wards or in an intensive care unit?].
|
The mortality and complication rates have been studied in a series of 92 patients with stroke, who have been treated in a general medicine ward in central Italy. The data have been compared and discussed in relationship with analogous parameters reported about some series from north-European stroke units (SU) and general medicine wards (RMG). The mortality rates have been 11% over the first 7 days and 18% over the first 30 days. In a series of patients from northern Europe these parameters have been 12 and 19%. In severe prognosis patients the complication rate has been 83%, whereas in the series from northern Europe it has been estimated 97%. The infectious diseases have been complicating stroke in 21% of the patients. This rate is as high as in SU's, but lower than in RMG (49%). In the over 65 patients the mean hospital stay has been 19 days versus 24 in the SU. The percentage of the patients dismissed home has been higher than in the SU and in the RMG. Taking into consideration only the above-mentioned short term parameters and the acute phase management, the SU do not apparently have any advantage in comparison to the general medicine ward in central Italy which has been considered for this study.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Internal Medicine', 'Italy', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Patients' Rooms", 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 10,228,353
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['H02.403.429'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.220.640'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Application of a Framework to Implement Trauma-Informed Care Throughout a Pediatric Health Care Network.
|
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the initial application of a recently published three-step framework for implementing trauma-informed care (TIC) in a pediatric health care network by applying Framework for Spread.METHODS: In steps 1 and 2 of the framework, we established commitment from the health care network leadership and initial interest in TIC among clinical providers (step 1), set evidence-based training goals and created the associated TIC training content (step 2). In step 3, 440 health care professionals (from 27 health care teams) participated in single-session, 1-hour training that covered the psychological impact of injury- and illness-related trauma, identification of traumatic stress symptoms, and how to respond to children exposed to potentially traumatic events. A concomitant quality improvement project allowed us to assess potential changes in training participants' favorable attitudes toward the integration of TIC and confidence in delivering TIC.RESULTS: Compared with pretraining, participants demonstrated increases in attitude toward TIC, t(293) = 5.8, P < .001, Cohen's d = 0.32, and confidence in delivering TIC, t(293) = 20.9, P < .001, Cohen's d = 1.09.DISCUSSION: Trainings were effective in achieving proximal goals targeting attitudes and confidence, thereby demonstrating the feasibility and clinical relevance of TIC training when implemented according to the three-step framework. Future research should examine methods of training to reach wide audiences to promote systematic change and evaluate changes in patient outcomes associated with providers' implementation of TIC.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Child', 'Child Health Services', 'Education, Continuing', 'Female', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality Improvement', 'Self Efficacy', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Teaching', 'Trauma Centers']
| 28,252,468
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N02.421.143.130'], ['I02.358.212'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['F01.752.747.792.700'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.903'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Spontaneous Emergence of Legibility in Writing Systems: The Case of Orientation Anisotropy.
|
Cultural forms are constrained by cognitive biases, and writing is thought to have evolved to fit basic visual preferences, but little is known about the history and mechanisms of that evolution. Cognitive constraints have been documented for the topology of script features, but not for their orientation. Orientation anisotropy in human vision, as revealed by the oblique effect, suggests that cardinal (vertical and horizontal) orientations, being easier to process, should be overrepresented in letters. As this study of 116 scripts shows, the orientation of strokes inside written characters massively favors cardinal directions, and it is organized in such a way as to make letter recognition easier: Cardinal and oblique strokes tend not to mix, and mirror symmetry is anisotropic, favoring vertical over horizontal symmetry. Phylogenetic analyses and recently invented scripts show that cultural evolution over the last three millennia cannot be the sole cause of these effects.
|
['Anisotropy', 'Humans', 'Visual Perception', 'Writing']
| 29,023,934
|
[['G01.590.040', 'G02.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differential polycythemia: a comparative study between spurious polycythemia and pure erythrocytosis.
|
The definite differential diagnosis between spurious polycythemia (SP) and pure erythrocytosis (PE) was tested. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels in 6 patients with PE were 12.8 +/- 3.7 mU/ml and were significantly lower than those of both 19 normal controls (28.5 +/- 15.0 mU/ml) and 9 patients with SP (21.3 +/- 10.2 mU/ml). Three of 11 patients with SP and 1 of 3 patients with PE had significantly higher marrow erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-Es) than those of the normal controls. Spontaneous CFU-E growth (CFU-E growth in the absence of added EPO) was found in 4 of 11 patients with SP, 1 of 3 patients with PE, and all patients with polycythemia vera. However, the number of spontaneous CFU-E was low in SP and PE. The measurements of serum EPO levels and CFU-E growth did not provide differentiation between PE and SP. Even if some patients, whose total red cell volumes are either higher than 12.5% above the mean predicted values or their CFU-E growth is great, are diagnosed as SP, consideration should be made that they might, in fact, have PE.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Erythrocyte Indices', 'Erythropoietin', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polycythemia', 'Polycythemia Vera']
| 3,686,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.225.625.230', 'E05.200.625.230', 'G09.188.260'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.150', 'D12.776.395.240.150', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.150', 'D23.529.374.410.240.150'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.738'], ['C04.588.448.200.500', 'C15.378.190.250.500', 'C15.378.190.636.753', 'C15.378.400.200.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Controlled dual drug release by coaxial electrospun fibers - Impact of the core fluid on drug encapsulation and release.
|
Controlled release of hydrophilic drugs from carriers is still faced with problems due to the poor compatibility of such substances with slowly degradable polymers leading to challenges regarding fabrication as well as undesired burst release of the encapsulated drugs. In this context, coaxial electrospinning being capable of simultaneously using two different solvent systems provides a promising strategy. However, the coaxial electrospinning process is extremely complex and numerous parameters might impact the incorporation as well as release kinetics of the drugs. To address this gap, we fabricated coaxial fibers for controlled co-delivery of two different drugs: bovine serum albumin as a model protein and acyclovir as a small molecule. Controlled release of both embedded drugs was achieved, and drug release profiles could be modulated through modifying spinning techniques as well as compositions and process parameters of the core fluid. Especially, the interactions of the co-incorporated drugs were found to be of key significance for affecting drug distribution within the fibers, and thus ultimately impacting drug release kinetics. Based on our findings, key factors for influencing drug encapsulation and release kinetics from coaxial fibers could be identified, providing a valuable guidance for rational development of coaxial fiber-based drug carriers.
|
['Acyclovir', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drug Liberation', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Kinetics', 'Polymers', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Solvents', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 30,572,080
|
[['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454.250'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['D26.310'], ['G02.211', 'G03.787.321', 'G07.690.725.321'], ['G02.409'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional role of prostacyclin receptor in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
|
Recent studies on prostanoids showed that some of prostanoid receptors are expressed in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. These facts suggest that prostanoid receptors might be involved in the excitation mechanism of DRG neurons. In the present study, PCR experiments revealed that one of prostanoid receptor, prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) was expressed in L6 and S1 rat DRG neurons and that the expression of IP receptor was not changed in DRG neurons obtained from the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis rat. We examined the functional role of IP receptor agonist and other prostanoids by measuring cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and substance P (SP) release in primary cultured DRG neurons. The pretreatment of DRG neurons with prostanoid agonists such as iloprost (IP), butaprost (EP(2)), misoprostol (EP(2-4)), PGE(2) (EP(1-4)) or PGD(2) (DP and CRTH2) sensitized the DRG neurons and hence potentiated the lys-bradykinin-induced SP release. The increase of SP release by lys-BK plus prostanoid agonists was proportion to cAMP accumulation. Iloprost was the most potent agonist to induce cAMP accumulation and SP release among prostanoid agonists evaluated in this study and its effect is mediated by IP receptor. Moreover, capsaicin-, ATP- and KCl-induced SP release was also enhanced by iloprost although iloprost did not change intracellular Ca(2+) and membrane depolarization induced by these chemical stimuli. These results strongly indicate that IP receptor play an important role in the sensitization of rat sensory neuron.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Capsaicin', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Iloprost', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Nociceptors', 'Pain', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Prostaglandins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Epoprostenol', 'Substance P', 'Vasodilator Agents']
| 16,039,053
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['C12.777.829.495.500', 'C13.351.968.829.495.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.125', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.125', 'D23.469.700.275'], ['D23.469'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A08.675.650', 'A11.671.650'], ['A08.675.650.915.875', 'A08.800.950.875', 'A11.671.650.915.875'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700.299'], ['D12.644.276.812.900.866', 'D12.644.400.800.750', 'D12.644.456.800.866', 'D12.776.467.812.900.866', 'D12.776.631.650.800.750', 'D23.469.050.375.850.890', 'D23.529.812.900.866'], ['D27.505.954.411.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new method for the diagnosis of Trichomonas gallinae infection by culture.
|
Diagnosis of Trichomonas gallinae infection can reliably be made by the demonstration of organisms in material taken from a bird's mouth and crop. This can be examined directly or incubated in a growth medium until organisms are numerous enough to be easily found in aliquots examined with the microscope. We compared two methods of culture diagnosis of Trichomonas gallinae infection in pigeons. A commercially available kit, In-Pouch TF, proved as sensitive for this purpose as in vitro Diamond's medium, but had practical advantages over the usual in vitro system.
|
['Animals', 'Bird Diseases', 'Columbidae', 'Crop, Avian', 'Culture Media', 'Mouth', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Trichomonas', 'Trichomonas Infections']
| 7,933,297
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.131'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['A13.265'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['B01.630.800.808'], ['C01.610.752.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Radiofrequency Ablation Pulmonary Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer - Two Cases of Report].
|
Case 1: 63-year-old woman received abdominoperineal resection with lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer in 2008. After adjuvant chemotherapy, she suffered from lung metastasis and received partial pneumonectomy in 2012. However, chemotherapy was performed again for lung metastasis and mediastinal lymph nodes in 2013. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)was performed to lung metastasis in 2016 due to ineffectiveness of chemotherapy. Case 2: 81-year-old man received Hartmann's procedure for rectal cancer with lung and liver metastasis in 2012. After 6 months of chemotherapy, liver partial resection and pulmonary partial resection were performed. In spite of additional chemotherapy, He received partial pneumonectomy in 2013. In 2014, he restart chemotherapy due to lung metastasis. In 2016, he received RFA for lung metastasis because of ineffectiveness of chemotherapy. After that, he received g-knife for brain metastasis. He is going to receive RFA for another lung metastasis.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectal Neoplasms']
| 29,394,799
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Neuroprotection by mefenamic acid against D-serine: involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.
|
Mefenamic acid, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), directly and dose-dependently exhibits neuroprotective activity. In our study, we investigated the effects of mefenamic acid against d-serine on oxidative stress in the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum of rats. Furthermore, the potential inflammatory and apoptotic effects of d-serine and potential protective effect of mefenamic acid were determined at mRNA and protein levels of TNF-á, IL-1â, Bcl-2 and Bax. We found that d-serine significantly increased oxidative stress, levels of inflammation- and apoptosis-related molecules in a region specific manner. Mefenamic acid treatment provided significant protection against the elevation of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, levels of TNF-á, IL-1â and Bax. As a conclusion, we suggest that d-serine, as a potential neurodegenerative agent, may have a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis; and NSAIDs, such as mefenamic acid, may assist other therapeutics in treating disorders where d-serine-induced neurotoxic mechanisms are involved in.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain', 'Inflammation', 'Mefenamic Acid', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Serine']
| 22,369,458
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.400.200.555', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.906.750.555'], ['C10.574'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.125.154.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulatory interactions between IRG resistance GTPases in the cellular response to Toxoplasma gondii.
|
Members of the immunity-related GTPase (IRG) family are interferon-inducible resistance factors against a broad spectrum of intracellular pathogens including Toxoplasma gondii. The molecular mechanisms governing the function and regulation of the IRG resistance system are largely unknown. We find that IRG proteins function in a system of direct, nucleotide-dependent regulatory interactions between family members. After interferon induction but before infection, the three members of the GMS subfamily of IRG proteins, Irgm1, Irgm2 and Irgm3, which possess an atypical nucleotide-binding site, regulate the intracellular positioning of the conventional GKS subfamily members, Irga6 and Irgb6. Following infection, the normal accumulation of Irga6 protein at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is nucleotide dependent and also depends on the presence of all three GMS proteins. We present evidence that an essential role of the GMS proteins in this response is control of the nucleotide-bound state of the GKS proteins, preventing their GTP-dependent activation before infection. Accumulation of IRG proteins at the PVM has previously been shown to be associated with a block in pathogen replication: our results relate for the first time the enzymatic properties of IRG proteins to their role in pathogen resistance.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Fibroblasts', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Interferons', 'Mice', 'Toxoplasma', 'Two-Hybrid System Techniques']
| 18,772,884
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G12.450.564'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['E05.393.220.870', 'E05.601.690.650', 'E05.601.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development of a single-cassette system for spatiotemporal gene regulation in mice.
|
The tetracycline-regulated gene expression system has been widely used in mice to turn a transgene on and off in a target organ, but with only limited success. We developed an advanced system in which a Tet-off regulation unit was integrated into the ROSA26 locus and became active after Cre-mediated excision of the neo(r) gene. We examined the utility of this system through regulable expression of the homeodomain transcription factor pdx-1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein. The resulting mice showed strict tetracycline-regulable gene expression in all the organs where the neo(r) gene had been removed. When combined with organ-specific Cre recombinase transgenic mice, our system allows us to manipulate the gene expression in an organ-specific and temporal manner. This Tet-off system should serve as an efficient tool to analyze the roles of genes in complex biological systems, such as embryogenesis, metabolism, immune system, etc.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tetracycline', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 16,256,950
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['E05.393.420'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900.875', 'D04.615.562.900.875'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genome-wide analysis, evolutionary expansion, and expression of early auxin-responsive SAUR gene family in rice (Oryza sativa).
|
Small auxin-up RNAs (SAURs) are the early auxin-responsive genes represented by a large multigene family in plants. Here, we report the identification of 58 OsSAUR gene family members from rice (Oryza sativa japonica cv Nipponbare), the model monocot plant, by a reiterative database search and manual reannotation; 2 of these are pseudogenes. The coding sequences of OsSAURs do not possess any intron. Most of the predicted OsSAUR protein sequences harbor a putative nuclear localization signal at their N-terminus. Localized gene duplications appear to be the primary genetic event responsible for SAUR gene family expansion in rice. Interestingly, the duplication of OsSAURs was found to be associated with the chromosomal block duplication as well. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SAUR gene family expanded in rice and Arabidopsis due to species-specific expansion of the family in monocots and dicots. The auxin-responsive elements and downstream element are conserved in the upstream and downstream sequences, respectively, of OsSAURs. In addition to the 21 OsSAURs with full-length cDNA sequences and 20 with expressed sequence tags, gene expression analyses of at least 7 OsSAURs by RT-qPCR indicated that the majority of identified OsSAURs most likely are expressed in rice. The transcript abundance of the OsSAURs examined increased within a few minutes of exogenous auxin application with varying kinetics. The present study provides basic genomic information for the rice SAUR gene family and will pave the way for deciphering the precise role of SAURs in plant growth and development.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Expressed Sequence Tags', 'Gene Duplication', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oryza', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Proteins']
| 16,707,243
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.275'], ['G05.365.590.320', 'G05.558.320'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D12.776.765']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phenotypic polymorphism of haptoglobin: a novel risk factor for the development of infection in liver cirrhosis.
|
The á-chain alleles 1 and 2 of haptoglobin (Hp) molecule account for three phenotypes, which have biologically important differences in their antioxidant, scavenging, and immunomodulatory properties and may thereby influence the course of inflammatory diseases. A follow-up observational study was conducted to assess the association between haptoglobin phenotype and the development of clinically significant bacterial infections in patients with liver cirrhosis. Sera of 336 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies and 384 healthy subjects were investigated. Haptoglobin phenotypes were determined by gel electrophoresis and assigned corresponding genotype. Haptoglobin phenotype distributions of patients and controls was similar (Hp1-1: 10.7% vs 11.5%, Hp2-1: 47.9% vs 46.1% and Hp2-2: 41.4% vs 42.4%). The probability of clinically significant bacterial infections was calculated for each haptoglobin phenotype (Hp1-1: 50.0%, Hp2-1: 36.0% and Hp2-2: 26.6%, p = 0.039). In a logistic regression analysis, Hp1-1 phenotype (p = 0.015, OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.22-6.13), Child-Pugh stage (p = 0.038, OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.91) and presence of co-morbidities (p < 0.001, OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.63-4.27) were independently associated with infections. In a Cox regression analysis, Hp1-1 phenotype (p = 0.014), Child-Pugh stage C (p < 0.001), and presence of co-morbidities (p = 0.004) were associated with time to first infectious episode. Phenotypic haptoglobin polymorphism was independent predictor for risk and time to first clinically significant bacterial infectious episode.
|
['Aged', 'Alleles', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haptoglobins', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis']
| 21,262,313
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C01.150.252'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['D12.776.124.050.300', 'D12.776.124.790.106.394', 'D12.776.377.715.085.394', 'D12.776.395.560.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surgical anatomy of the cribriform plate and adjacent areas.
|
Continuous improvement of surgical techniques is needed in skull base surgery in order to decrease intraoperative complications during various operations. However, the basis of minimizing damage in the operative field is a comprehensive knowledge of microsurgical anatomy. This article provides a detailed description of the cribriform plate and adjacent areas, based on investigations of over one thousand dried skulls and 225 computerized tomography scans of the anterior skull base. The main anatomic structures and the different types of the cribriform plate are demonstrated on color photographs and identified on CT scans as well. The variations important in anterior skull base approaches are also discussed and compared with the data found in the literature. The surface anatomy and development of the cribriform plate is described.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Body Weights and Measures', 'Cephalometry', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cranial Fossa, Anterior', 'Ethmoid Bone', 'Ethmoid Sinus', 'Fetus', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Olfactory Bulb', 'Orbit', 'Radiography']
| 15,747,213
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100', 'E05.041.124', 'G07.100.100'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.456.830.150', 'A02.835.232.781.750.150'], ['A02.835.232.781.292'], ['A04.531.621.267'], ['A16.378'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.388'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.690'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Economic values for production and functional traits and assessment of their influence on genetic improvement in the Boran cattle in Kenya.
|
Economic values for production (sale weight in steers, SWs, kg and heifers, SWh, kg; dressing percentage, DP; consumable meat percentage, CMP and milk yield, MY, kg) and functional (cow weight, CoWT, kg; cow survival rate, CoSR, %; postweaning survival rate, PSR, %; feed intake of cows, FIc, heifers, FIh and steers, FIs, kg DM) traits were estimated for six production systems utilizing the Boran breed in Kenya. The influence of the estimated economic values on genetic improvement was also assessed using different selection indices. The six production systems were described according to their sale age, levels of input and final goal, namely, short-fed medium input beef (SMB); long-fed medium input beef (LMB); short-fed high input beef (SHB); long-fed high input beef (LHB); long-fed low input dual purpose (LLD); and long-fed medium input dual purpose (LMD). Two evaluation bases were considered: fixed herd size and fixed pasture input. In the fixed herd-size situation, the economic values for production (except MY in beef systems) and functional traits (except FI in all systems) were positive meaning a unit increase in genetic merit of these traits had greater influence on revenues than costs. As expected, the economic value for MY was negative in the pure beef systems (SMB, LMB, SHB and LHB) and positive in the dual-purpose systems (LLD and LMD). When compared with the economic values estimated in the fixed herd-size situation, in the fixed pasture input situation they were lower for feed intake in the three classes of livestock and other traits related to it in all systems. These traits were CoSR, CoWR, PSR, CoWT, SWh and MY. The economic values for CoWT in LLD and LMD were negative (KSh -11.14 and -15.33 respectively). The economic values did not influence much the direction of the genetic response in each trait in the different production systems. However, the magnitude of the actual gain was dependent on the index applied. The magnitude of the economic values for production and functional traits estimated in this study suggest that genetic improvement of these traits will have a positive effect on profitability of Boran cows kept in dual-purpose systems and when herd size is restricted. In beef systems, genetic improvement of MY will have a negative effect on profitability, especially when restrictions on herd size and feed exists.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Breeding', 'Cattle', 'Kenya', 'Phenotype', 'Selection, Genetic']
| 16,420,262
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.783']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Are patients open to elective re-sampling of their glioblastoma? A new way of assessing treatment innovations.
|
BACKGROUND: This is a qualitative study designed to examine patient acceptability of re-sampling surgery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) electively post-therapy or at asymptomatic relapse.METHODS: Thirty patients were selected using the convenience sampling method and interviewed. Patients were presented with hypothetical scenarios including a scenario in which the surgery was offered to them routinely and a scenario in which the surgery was in a clinical trial.RESULTS: The results of the study suggest that about two thirds of the patients offered the surgery on a routine basis would be interested, and half of the patients would agree to the surgery as part of a clinical trial. Several overarching themes emerged, some of which include: patients expressed ethical concerns about offering financial incentives or compensation to the patients or surgeons involved in the study; patients were concerned about appropriate communication and full disclosure about the procedures involved, the legalities of tumor ownership and the use of the tumor post-surgery; patients may feel alone or vulnerable when they are approached about the surgery; patients and their families expressed immense trust in their surgeon and indicated that this trust is a major determinant of their agreeing to surgery.CONCLUSION: The overall positive response to re-sampling surgery suggests that this procedure, if designed with all the ethical concerns attended to, would be welcomed by most patients. This approach of asking patients beforehand if a treatment innovation is acceptable would appear to be more practical and ethically desirable than previous practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurosurgical Procedures', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Qualitative Research', 'Reoperation', 'Young Adult']
| 25,085,543
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['E04.249'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.525'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E04.690'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum in the Ceca of Rats Fed Hi-Maize Starch Has Characteristics of a Keystone Species in Bifidobacterial Blooms.
|
Starches resistant to mammalian digestion are present in foods and pass to the large bowel, where they may be degraded and fermented by the microbiota. Increases in relative abundances of bifidobacteria (blooms) have been reported in rats whose diet was supplemented with Hi-Maize resistant starch. We determined that the bifidobacterial species present in the rat cecum under these circumstances mostly belonged to Bifidobacterium animalis However, cultures of B. animalis isolated from the rats failed to degrade Hi-Maize starch to any extent. In contrast, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum also detected in the rat microbiota had high starch-degrading ability. Transcriptional comparisons showed increased expression of a type 1 pullulanase, alpha-amylase, and glycogen debranching enzyme by B. pseudolongum when cultured in medium containing Hi-Maize starch. Maltose was released into the culture medium, and B. animalis cultures had shorter doubling times in maltose medium than did B. pseudolongum Thus, B. pseudolongum, which was present at a consistently low abundance in the microbiota, but which has extensive enzymatic capacity to degrade resistant starch, showed the attributes of a keystone species associated with the bifidobacterial bloom.IMPORTANCE This study addresses the microbiology and function of a natural ecosystem (the rat gut) using DNA-based observations and in vitro experimentation. The microbial community of the large bowel of animals, including humans, has been studied extensively through the use of high-throughput DNA sequencing methods and advanced bioinformatics analysis. These studies reveal the compositions and genetic capacities of microbiotas but not the intricacies of how microbial communities function. Our work, combining DNA sequence analysis and laboratory experiments with cultured strains of bacteria, revealed that the increased abundance of bifidobacteria in the rat gut, induced by feeding indigestible starch, involved a species that cannot itself degrade the starch (Bifidobacterium animalis) but cohabits with a species that can (Bifidobacterium pseudolongum). B. pseudolongum has the characteristics of a keystone species in the community because it had low abundance but high ability to perform a critical function, the hydrolysis of resistant starch.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bifidobacterium', 'Cecum', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Rats', 'Starch', 'Zea mays', 'alpha-Amylases']
| 29,802,187
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B03.510.024.100', 'B03.510.460.400.400.049.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966'], ['D08.811.277.450.066.050']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The radical scavenging abilities of a new anti-nephritic drug, OPC-15161.
|
A new anti-nephritic drug, 6-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-5-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(1H)-pyr azi none 4-oxide (OPC-15161), a natural product derivative, did not react with the free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and was only slightly reactive with superoxide (O2-), but it easily reacted with hydroxyl radical (.OH). The scavenging ability of OPC-15161 against .OH was dependent on its concentration, and formed a new radical species by reaction with .OH. The structure of this new radical species is proposed.
|
['Bepridil', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'Picrates', 'Pyrazines', 'Superoxides']
| 8,850,518
|
[['D03.383.773.107'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.185'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D01.045.250.357', 'D01.248.497.158.459.300', 'D01.339.431.249'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566.690', 'D02.640.743.690'], ['D03.383.679'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Resource utilisation and cost of amblyopia treatment].
|
BACKGROUND: The cost-effectiveness of screening for amblyopia is a controversial issue of international debate. The purpose of this study was to estimate the cost of amblyopia treatment to be used as a component for modelling the cost-effectiveness of prevention programmes. Cost was calculated from the perspective of the German social health insurance in the year 2002.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A standardised detailed survey was conducted in writing among 13 experienced experts in amblyopia treatment from various offices and strabismological units in Germany. Average volumes of treatment items were estimated for a maximum treatment period of nine years. Cost was calculated using administrative prices (based on the social health insurance's uniform fee schedule for physician services and reference prices for therapeutic aids) and market prices.RESULTS: The questionnaires were fully completed by 12 of the 13 experts. The mean total cost of treatment was estimated at 2.472 Euro (95 %-CI: 1.171 - 3.774) for strabismic amblyopia and 2.051 Euro (95 %-CI: 426 - 3.675) for amblyopia of refractive origin. About 70 % of the total cost was caused by the therapeutic aids (e. g. glasses, patches). The price of the patches had a marked impact on the total treatment cost.CONCLUSIONS: The results may be used for modelling the cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for the prevention of amblyopia.
|
['Amblyopia', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Fee Schedules', 'Germany', 'Health Care Costs', 'Health Resources', 'Humans', 'National Health Programs', 'Patient Care Team', 'Utilization Review']
| 12,886,509
|
[['C10.228.140.055', 'C10.597.751.941.073', 'C11.966.073', 'C23.888.592.763.941.073'], ['N03.219.151'], ['N04.452.313'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['N03.349.340', 'N05.300.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.349.550'], ['N04.590.715'], ['N04.761.879', 'N05.700.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
On-the-fly exchangeable microfluidic nozzles for facile production of various monodisperse micromaterials.
|
Microfluidic manufacturing platforms have advanced the production of monodisperse, shape-controlled, and chemically defined micromaterials. However, conventional microfabrication platforms are typically designed and fabricated as single-purpose and single-use tools, which limits their efficiency, versatility, and overall potential. We here present an on-the-fly exchangeable nozzle concept that operates in a transparent, 3D, and reusable microfluidic device produced without cleanroom technology. The facile exchange and repositioning of the nozzles readily enables the production of monodisperse water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions, solid and core-shell microspheres, microfibers, and even Janus type micromaterials with controlled diameters ranging from 10 to 1000 ìm using a single microfluidic device.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Lab-On-A-Chip Devices', 'Microspheres', 'Oils', 'Water']
| 31,017,163
|
[['E05.320'], ['E07.305.343.500'], ['E07.565'], ['D10.627'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Next Generation Sequencing identifies mutations in GNPTG gene as a cause of familial form of scleroderma-like disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Scleroderma is a multisystem disease, characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs, immune dysregulation, and vasculopathy. The etiology of the disease remains unknown, but it is likely multifactorial. However, the genetic basis for this condition is defined by multiple genes that have only modest effect on disease susceptibility.METHODS: Three Moroccan siblings, born from non-consanguineous Moroccan healthy parents were referred for genetic evaluation of familial scleroderma. Whole Exome Sequencing was performed in the proband and his parents, in addition to Sanger sequencing that was carried out to confirm the results obtained.RESULTS: Mutation analysis showed two compound heterozygous mutations c.196C>T in exon 4 and c.635_636delTT in exon 9 of GNPTG gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed these mutations in the affected patient and demonstrated that their parents are heterozygous carriers.CONCLUSION: Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of the GNPTG gene and extend the knowledge of the phenotype-genotype correlation of Mucolipidosis Type III gamma. This report also highlights the diagnostic utility of Next Generation Sequencing particularly when the clinical presentation did not point to specific genes.
|
['Adolescent', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Heterozygote', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Morocco', 'Mucolipidoses', 'Mutation', 'Pedigree', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'Siblings', 'Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)', 'Whole Exome Sequencing']
| 28,950,892
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['E01.171'], ['G05.380.383'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.058.266.629'], ['C05.116.198.371', 'C10.228.140.163.100.435.590', 'C16.320.565.189.435.590', 'C16.320.565.202.670', 'C16.320.565.595.554.590', 'C18.452.132.100.435.590', 'C18.452.648.189.435.590', 'C18.452.648.202.670', 'C18.452.648.595.554.590'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.673'], ['C17.300.799', 'C17.800.784'], ['F01.829.263.500.490', 'I01.880.853.150.500.505', 'M01.781'], ['D08.811.913.696.900'], ['E05.393.760.700.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Fumaric Acids Directly Influence Gene Expression of Neuroprotective Factors in Rodent Microglia.
|
Dimethylfumarate (DMF) has been approved the for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The mode of action of DMF and its assumed active primary metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) is still not fully understood, notably for brain resident cells. Therefore we investigated potential direct effects of DMF and MMF on microglia and indirect effects on oligodendrocytes. Primary rat microglia were differentiated into M1-like, M2-like and M0 phenotypes and treated in vitro with DMF or MMF. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors such as growth factors (IGF-1), interleukins (IL-10, IL-1â), chemokines (CCl3, CXCL-10) as well as cytokines (TGF-1â, TNFá), iNOS, and the mannose receptor (MRC1) was examined by determining their transcription level with qPCR, and on the protein level by ELISA and FACS analysis. Furthermore, microglia function was determined by phagocytosis assays and indirect effects on oligodendroglial proliferation and differentiation. DMF treatment of M0 and M1-like polarized microglia demonstrated an upregulation of gene expression for IGF-1 and MRC1, but not on the protein level. While the phagocytic activity remained unchanged, DMF and MMF treated microglia supernatants led to an enhanced proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). These results suggest that DMF has anti-inflammatory effects on microglia which may result in enhanced proliferation of OPC.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dimethyl Fumarate', 'Fumarates', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Maleates', 'Microglia', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oligodendroglia', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stem Cells']
| 30,650,518
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.241.081.337.302.500'], ['D02.241.081.337.302'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D02.241.081.337.502'], ['A08.637.400', 'A11.650.400'], ['D27.505.696.706.548', 'D27.505.954.427.575'], ['A08.637.600', 'A11.650.600'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) alters gut microbiota and modulates redox status, partially via caffeine in Wistar rats.
|
Microbiota alterations are observed in pathological conditions, and their regulation is a subject of great interest. Gut microbes are affected by diet, and plant polyphenols may have positive effect on gut microbiota; however, plant-derived extracts may have toxic effects. Guarana (Paullinia cupana Mart.) is a nontraditional medicinal plant applied worldwide. Guarana yields an alkaloid and polyphenol-rich seed with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, where caffeine is the major compound. We evaluated the effects of guarana seed powder (GSP) and purified caffeine on gut microbial composition and redox and inflammatory parameters in Wistar rats after 21 days of treatment. Fecal microbiota was analyzed utilizing 16S rDNA sequencing. Antioxidant enzymes activities from liver, kidney, and colon, as well as oxidative damage markers, were evaluated. Total nonenzymatic antioxidant potential was also evaluated. Microbiota was altered by both treatments, GSP and caffeine, without loss of diversity. In the liver, the kidney, and the colon, we observed a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes activities in the GSP group with no increase in the expression of oxidative damage markers, although some enzymes were also regulated by caffeine. Taken together, these results suggested that GSP ameliorates redox parameters but negatively affected gut microbiota, partially via caffeine.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Caffeine', 'Dysbiosis', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Paullinia', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Seeds', 'Theobromine', 'Theophylline']
| 30,277,282
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['C23.550.308'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.885.722'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['D03.132.960.651', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.651'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Multilocus sequence analysis for Mycoplasma synoviae molecular genotyping.
|
The aim of this study was to identify molecular techniques which enable clear discrimination between Mycoplasma synoviae isolates for improved epidemiology. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of 6 M. synoviae loci was conducted for genotyping of isolates with previously determined 5'-vlhA sequences. Sequencing of three polymorphic genes (5'-vlhA, cysP and nanH) enables good discrimination between isolates with different genotypes. Such a genotyping scheme revealed 10 distinct genotypes, which were confirmed by sequencing of an additional three loci of the M. synoviae genome. Epidemiologically linked strains formed clusters with the same genotypes which clearly differed between clusters. MLSA used in this study is a promising tool for epidemiology of M. synoviae isolates, but it should be evaluated by further investigations using a much higher number of M. synoviae strains.
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Chickens', 'Genotype', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multilocus Sequence Typing', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Mycoplasma synoviae', 'Phylogeny', 'Poultry Diseases', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 26,513,666
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['G05.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.200.875.150.125.457.500', 'E05.393.542.500', 'E05.393.760.700.650'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553.770'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['C22.131.728'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A high lymph node yield in colon cancer is associated with age, tumour stage, tumour sub-site and priority of surgery. Results from a prospective national cohort study.
|
AIM: To determine the relation between patient-related and histopathological factors, as well as the influence of national programs for diagnosing and treatment of colon cancer and a lymph node yield (LNY) ? 12.METHOD: An analysis was carried out of the LNY in a nationwide Danish cohort treated by curative resection of stage I-III colon cancer in the period 2003-2011. The association between a LNY ? 12 and age, sex, body mass index, open vs. laparoscopic surgery, acute vs. elective surgery, pT stage, tumour sub-site and year of diagnosis was analysed.RESULTS: A total of 13,766 patients were eligible for the analysis. In total, 71.4 % of the patients had a LNY ? 12. In multivariate analysis, age, pT stage, tumour sub-site and priority of surgery were independently associated with the probability of a LNY ? 12. Odds ratios (ORs) were as follows: age <65 1, 65-75 0.685 (confidence interval (CI) 0.586-0.800), >75 0.517 (CI 0.439-0.609); T1 1, T2 2.750 (CI 2.168-3.487), T3 6.016 (CI 4.879-7.418), T4 6.317 (CI 4.950-8.063); right colon 1, left colon 0.568 (0.511-0.633); elective surgery 1, acute surgery 0.748 (CI 0.625-0.894). Moreover, year of diagnosis was associated with the probability of a LNY ? 12: OR 1.480 (CI 1.445-1.516) for each increasing year in the study period.CONCLUSION: A LNY ? 12 is significantly associated with age, pT stage, tumour sub-site and priority of surgery. A significant increase in the LNY over the period of the study was observed, probably reflecting the effect of national programmes initiated by the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prospective Studies']
| 27,220,610
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The stimulatory role of human cytochrome b5 in the bioactivation activities of human CYP1A2, 2A6 and 2E1: a new cell expression system to study cytochrome P450 mediated biotransformation.
|
Cytochrome b(5) (b(5)) is increasingly recognized to be of importance for specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. We developed human b(5)/CYP-competent mutagenicity tester bacteria to study the role of b(5) in the bioactivation activity of human CYP. These new tester bacteria were derived from the previously engineered human CYP-competent Escherichia coli K12 tester strain MTC, containing a bi-plasmid system for the co-expression of a specific CYP form (CYP1A2, 2A6 or 2E1) with human b(5), and human NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase (RED), resulting in the strain BTC-b(5)-1A2, BTC-b(5)-2A6 and BTC-b(5)-2E1, respectively. The relative content of b(5) with CYP and RED in these three BTC-b(5)-CYP strains demonstrated physiologically relevant co-expression levels and typical CYP-specific activities could be determined with their specific chemical probes. These strains were applied in mutagenicity assays along with their corresponding b(5)-void strains to determine the effect of b(5) on the CYP1A2-, CYP2A6- and CYP2E1-mediated bioactivation of several promutagens. For CYP1A2, of the 5 compounds tested [2-aminoanthracene (2AA), 1-aminopyrene, 6-aminochrysene, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)], only the mutagenicity of 2AA was slightly increased ( approximately 1.5-fold) in the presence of b(5). The CYP2E1- and CYP2A6-dependent mutagenicity of N-nitrosodiethylamine increased approximately 3- and 23-fold, respectively when the bacteria contained b(5). The CYP2A6-mediated mutagenicity of NNK increased approximately 9-fold when co-expressed with b(5). The stimulatory effect of b(5) on the bioactivation of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine was most striking. The mutagenicity of this procarcinogen was completely dependent on the co-expression of b(5) with CYP2A6 or CYP2E1. This demonstrates the prominent role of b(5) in the bioactivation of this carcinogen.
|
['Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Biotransformation', 'Carcinogens', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1', 'Cytochromes b5', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Escherichia coli K12', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase', 'Plasmids', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Xenobiotics']
| 15,728,263
|
[['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['D08.244.453.005.443', 'D08.244.453.100.750', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.443', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.750', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.443', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.750'], ['D08.244.453.491.250', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.250', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.250'], ['D08.244.453.491.375', 'D08.811.682.662.582.338', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.375', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.375'], ['D08.244.187.500', 'D12.776.422.220.187.500'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.360', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D08.811.682.608.191.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D26.969']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Free vascularized tissue transfer for limb salvage in peripheral vascular disease.
|
In patients with tissue necrosis, higher limb salvage rates can be accomplished with free tissue transfers performed by a vascular and plastic surgeon team. We treated 10 patients with severe ischemic soft tissue defects in their legs with radical debridement and free tissue transfer alone (two patients) or after revascularization (eight patients). Arteriography was performed to plan revascularization to evaluate bypass results, and to identify appropriate recipient vessels for free tissue transfer. Soft tissue defects treated with free tissue transfer included nonhealing amputation sites in five patients and proximal skin and muscle necrosis in the remaining patients, one of which resulted in an exposed in-situ graft in one leg. One patient underwent a distal bypass specifically to provide arterial inflow for free tissue transfer, whereas seven other patients received free tissue transfers following bypass due to persistently nonhealing wounds. The remaining two patients had diabetes mellitus with necrosis near a major joint with nonhealing amputation sites. Free tissue transfers were taken from the latissimus dorsi in six patients, and from the gracilis, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, and scapula flaps in other patients. Recipient vessels for free tissue transfers were the external iliac artery (one patient), saphenous vein bypass grafts (two patients), popliteal artery (one patient), posterior tibial (three patients), and dorsalis pedis vessels (three patients). Eight of the 10 flaps were viable at follow-up (four months-six years), with a mean follow-up of 20 months. One patient underwent above-knee amputation 15 months after operation and one underwent below-knee amputation three years later due to central flap necrosis. The remainder achieved functional limb salvage allowing patients to resume ambulation. Vascular surgeons should consider free tissue transfer in patients with nonhealing soft tissue defects following optimal revascularization to further extend our ability to salvage the threatened limb.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angiography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Leg', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Necrosis', 'Surgery, Plastic', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 2,340,246
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.717'], ['H02.403.810.788'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['C14.907'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro screening of selected probiotic properties of Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional fermented cabbage and cucumber.
|
Most important during probiotic selection are gastric acid and bile tolerance, the adhesion to the luminal epithelium to colonize the lower gastrointestinal tract of a human and safety for human consumption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the selected probiotic in vitro properties of Lactobacillus spp. Strains isolated from traditional fermented food. A total 38 strains were isolated from the pickled samples and 14 were identified as Lactobacillus spp. The survival of almost all strains after incubation at pH 2.5 did not change markedly, and remained at above 90 % (10(9) CFU/mL). The strains also exhibited a high survival rate at pH 3.5 (>90 %), whereas pH 1.5 all were died. Just four strains could survive 90 min. at pH 1.5 (<39 %). The incubation with 0.2 % bile salt solution resulted in a survival rates of 81-94 % after 24 h, whereas after incubation in 2 and 4 % bile salt solution it was 59-94 %. All tested strains showed very good and good resistance to 0.4 % phenol addition, however only Lb. johnsonii K4 was able to multiply. The hydrophobic nature of the cell surface of the tested strains was moderated recording hydrophobicity of Lb. johnsonii K4 and Lb. rhamnosus K3 above 60 %. Safety evaluation excluded four of tested strains as candidate probiotics, according to antibiotic resistance patterns and certain metabolic activities. On the basis on the results 10 of the selected Lactobacillus strains are safe and can survive under gastrointestinal conditions, which requires them to future in vitro and in vivo probiotic studies.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Brassica', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cucumis sativus', 'Food Microbiology', 'Food, Preserved', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Lactobacillus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Microbial Viability', 'Phylogeny', 'Probiotics', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S']
| 25,270,682
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D04.210.500.105'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.188.666'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G07.203.300.521', 'J02.500.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.409'], ['B03.353.750.450.475', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475', 'B03.510.550.450.475'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G06.580'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G07.203.300.456.500', 'J02.500.456.500'], ['D13.444.735.686.670']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Stimulation of pro-inflammatory responses by mebendazole in human monocytic THP-1 cells through an ERK signaling pathway.
|
Oral helminthic mebendazole (MBZ) has been reported to cause liver injury with inflammatory responses. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. To examine the inflammatory reactions, we investigated whether MBZ and other helminthic drugs increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines using human monocytic cells. The release of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) á from human monocytic THP-1 cells was significantly increased by treatment with MBZ, albendazole (ABZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), or oxibendazole (OBZ), but not by albendazole sulfoxide or praziquantel, suggesting that MBZ and structurally similar drugs can stimulate monocytes and increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. MBZ also significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 in THP-1 cells. Pretreatment with the MAP kinase/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 significantly suppressed the increase of IL-8 and TNFá levels by MBZ, ABZ, FBZ, or OBZ treatment in THP-1 cells, but the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 or JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 did not. These results suggested that an ERK1/2 pathway plays an important role in the release of IL-8 and TNFá in THP-1 cells treated with MBZ and structurally similar drugs. In conclusion, the release of inflammatory mediators by MBZ might be one of the mechanisms underlying immune-mediated liver injury. This in vitro method may be useful to predict adverse inflammatory reactions that lead to hepatotoxicity.
|
['Anthracenes', 'Antinematodal Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokines', 'Cytokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Interleukin-8', 'Mebendazole', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Monocytes', 'Pyridines', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 20,848,085
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.075.080'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200', 'D23.125.300', 'D23.469.200', 'D23.529.374.200'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D02.241.081.251.415', 'D03.633.100.103.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Three-dimensional ultrasound-based image-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: results of a consecutive case series.
|
External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a standard of care in the treatment of prostate cancer. Hypofractionation is a valid option either radiobiologically and logistically in this context. Image-guidance procedures are strongly needed to provide ballistic precision to radiation delivery. The Clarity platform allows for the acquisition of three-dimensional ultrasound scans (3D-US) to perform image-guided radiotherapy. We treated a consecutive series of intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients (according to NCCN stratification) with a hypofractionated schedule (70.2 Gy/26 fractions at 2.7 Gy/daily to the prostate gland excluding the seminal vesicles at 62.1 Gy) under 3D-US guidance with the Clarity platform. The 3-year biochemical-relapse-free survival, distant-metastases-free, cancer-specific and overall survival were 98.6% (CI: 91.1-99.6%), 98.6% (CI: 91.1-99.6%), 97.5% (CI: 94.5-99.1%), and 94.3% (CI: 90.4-96.7%), respectively. Maximum detected acute GU toxicity was G0 in 22 patients (29.7%), G1 in 30 (22.7%), G2 in 19 (25.6%), G3 in 3 (4%). Maximum detected acute GI toxicity at the end of EBRT was G0 in 42 patients (56.8%), G1 in 22 (29.7%), G2 in 9 (12.1%), G3 in 1 (1.4%). The 3-year actuarial rates of ? G2 late toxicities were 6.1% for genito-urinary and 8.9% for gastrointestinal. The whole image-guidance workflow resulted in being robust and reliable. EBRT delivered employing a hypofractionated schedule under 3D-US-based image guidance proved to be a safe and effective treatment approach with consistent biochemical control and a mild toxicity profile. Hence, it has been transferred into daily clinical practice in our Department.
|
['Aged', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radiotherapy, Image-Guided', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography']
| 25,526,035
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E02.815.768'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multiparametric assessment of left atrial remodeling using 18
|
BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) remodeling is associated with structural, electric, and metabolic LA changes. Integrated evaluation of these features in vivo is lacking.METHODS: Patients undergoing 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp were classified into sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal AF (PAF), and persistent AF (PerAF). The LA was semiautomatically segmented, and global FDG uptake was quantified using standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) in gated, attenuation-corrected images and normalized to LA blood pool activity. Regression was used to relate FDG data to AF burden and critical patient factors. Continuous variables were compared using t-tests or Mann-Whitney tests.RESULTS: 117 patients were included (76% men, age 66.4 ± 11.0, ejection fraction (EF) 25[22-35]%) including those with SR (n = 48), PAF (n = 55), and PerAF (n = 14). Patients with any AF had increased SUVmean (2.3[1.5-2.4] vs 2.0[1.5-2.5], P = 0.006), SUVmax (4.4[2.8-6.7] vs 3.2[2.3-4.3], P < 0.001), uptake coefficient of variation (CoV) 0.28[0.22-0.40] vs 0.25[0.2-0.33], P < 0.001), and hypometabolic scar (32%[14%-53%] vs 16.5%[0%-38.5%], P = 0.01). AF burden correlated with increased SUVmean, SUVmax, CoV, and scar independent of age, gender, EF, or LA size (P < 0.03 for all).CONCLUSIONS: LA structure and metabolism can be assessed using FDG PET/CT. Greater AF burden correlates with the increased LA metabolism and scar.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Atrial Remodeling', 'Cardiac Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Heart Atria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Radiopharmaceuticals']
| 30,191,438
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C23.300.052', 'C23.550.113', 'G09.330.040.800'], ['E01.370.350.130'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['A07.541.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
ICD function and dysfunction in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiac diseases: the role of home monitoring.
|
BACKGROUND: Since their implementation in clinical practice, remote home monitoring systems (HM) have undoubtedly become an added value in patients with implantable devices for cardiac rhythm management. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HM on clinical management and outcome in patients with channelopathies and other arrhythmogenic diseases who received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).METHODS: Fifty-four patients (age 6 months--74 years) were followed by means of HM in our ICD clinic. Alerts and/or device-related clinical events were analysed in all patients and subsequent clinical decisions were made if indicated.RESULTS: During an average observation time of 27 months, 46 alerts were received from 32 different patients. Five patients (9%) received appropriate therapies for life-threatening arrhythmias and four patients (8%) inappropriate therapies because ofT wave oversensing or supraventricular tachycardias. Three patients had alerts due to electrical noise (two on the atrial, one on the ventricular channel). Overall, 18 alerts (39%) required a modification of the pharmacological therapy or the programming of the device. Mean anticipation of clinical visits based on the alerts was 92.6 +/- 56 days (median 97, interquartile range 50-150).CONCLUSION: HM substantially improves the clinical management of patients with cardiac arrhythmogenic disease by early recognition of device-related inappropriate therapies and subsequent anticipation of treatment adaptation.
|
['Adult', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Belgium', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Electrocardiography, Ambulatory', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Remote Consultation', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,187,765
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['E01.390'], ['E01.370.370.380.240.230', 'E01.370.405.240.230', 'E01.370.520.500.230'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.178.847.652.550', 'N04.452.758.849.550', 'N04.590.374.800.550'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Alloimmune neonatal neutropenia.
|
In three neonates, the diagnosis of anti-NA1 alloimmune neutropenia related to maternal immunization against fetal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) antigens was achieved by serum antibody screening and PMN phenotyping. All the children were small for date and exhibited bacterial infection within days 2-13. Neutropenia persisted until days 20-50. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIgG) was ineffective. In one case, NA1-negative PMN collected from a normal donor were infused because of infection after thoracic surgery and resulted in a sharp but transient increase in PMN counts with resolution of infection. The natural history and the management of alloimmune neonatal neutropenia are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Autoantigens', 'Female', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Immunization, Passive', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Isoantibodies', 'Isoantigens', 'Leukocyte Transfusion', 'Neutropenia']
| 2,029,073
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.422'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330', 'E05.478.550.520'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.664', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.664', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.664'], ['D23.050.705'], ['E02.095.135.140.425'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Hypersensitivity vasculitis and granulomatous hepatitis induced by glybenclamide: a case report (author's transl)].
|
The second case in the medical literature of hypersensitivity vasculitis induced by glybenclamide is reported, and for the first time vasculitic lesions are demonstrated in the histopathological study of liver tissue. The case was a male patient admitted because of a febrile illness and generalized malaise of long duration. He had diabetes mellitus that was being treated with glybenclamide. Physical examination disclosed fever, poor general condition, hepatomegaly, and red nodes in the finger-tips of both hands. Abnormal laboratory parameters included normochromic normocytic anemia, leukocytosis with a high eosinophil count, and markedly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There was as well slight cytolysis and marked elevation of cholestatic serum enzymes without hyperbilirubinemia. Biopsy of the skin lesions demonstrated anular granulomata, a common lesion in diabetics. The histopathological study of the liver revealed a vasculitic hypersensitivity reaction with conspicuous granulomata located in the vicinity of blood vessels and in the wall of portal arterioles, the endothelium of the latter being disrupted at different levels. Glybenclamide withdrawal resulted in a clinical, biological and histopathological cure of the disease. Unlike the previously reported case, the patient remains alive, and this may partly have been due to early institution of corticosteroid therapy.
|
['Diabetes Mellitus', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Glyburide', 'Granuloma', 'Hepatitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous']
| 6,776,355
|
[['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['D02.065.950.828.575', 'D02.886.590.795.575'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['C06.552.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.940.910', 'C20.543.520.910']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Test-retest reliability of a web-based colour vision test].
|
BACKGROUND: Screening tests should be simple, with high acceptance, low costs and offer a high sensitivity and specificity as well as high reliability. The test-retest reliability of a web-based colour vision test was evaluated.METHOD: The results of 386 subjects, who had performed the web-based colour vision test with 25 colour plates twice (available at http://www.farbsehtest.de), were analysed from an mySQL data base. Retests were performed spontaneously, normally on the same day, or through an email newsletter with a request to repeat the test. Test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating the kappa coefficient and the corresponding confidence interval. The McNemar test was used as a complementary procedure to detect the presence of systematic differences between test results.RESULTS: The kappa coefficient rises with increasing time interval between the first test performance and the test repetition. Thus it was 0.24 when the test was repeated within one hour (confidence interval 0.07 - 0.41, n = 63), it increases to 0.83 (confidence interval 0.75 - 0.92, n = 240) in the subjects who repeated the test at the earliest after two years. While the proportion of failed tests (< 3 mistakes) in the second test performance markedly decreases when the test is repeated in the short term within one hour (p < 0.001, McNemar), we were unable to identify any systematic differences (p = 0.602) for a time interval of more than one day.CONCLUSIONS: The web-based colour vision test is a reliable screening test with good reproducible results as well under uncontrolled examination conditions. Subjects must perform the test with serious intent and should not aim at a positive test result by training or manipulation because of self-delusion. Test results are reliable if the time interval between test and retest is more than one day.
|
['Color Perception Tests', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Mass Screening', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 20,602,298
|
[['E01.370.380.850.150'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term treatment of clarithromycin at a low concentration improves hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in human small airway epithelial cells by increasing Nrf2 mRNA expression.
|
BACKGROUND: Clarithromycin (CAM), a representative macrolide antibiotic, has been used widely at low doses for long-term therapy of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide antibiotics were first discovered in clinical practice. Although oxidative stress is known as a key pathogenesis factor in chronic airway inflammatory diseases, the mechanism of action of low-dose, long-term CAM therapy remains unclear. We aimed to examine the cytoprotective action of CAM against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell dysfunction, focusing on CAM dose and treatment duration, and using human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), the main cells involved in chronic airway inflammatory diseases.METHODS: SAECs were pretreated with CAM (1, 5 or 10 ìM) for 24, 48 or 72 h, and were subsequently exposed to H2O2 for 0.5-4 h. Levels of interleukin (IL)-8, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and the activities of nuclear factor (NF)-êB and ã-glutamylcysteine synthetase (ã-GCS) were assayed using specific methods. IL-8 mRNA and NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Tukey's multiple comparison test was used for analysis of statistical significance.RESULTS: Pretreatment with low-dose (1 or 5 ìM), long-term (72 h) CAM inhibited H2O2-induced IL-8 levels, NF-êB activity, and IL-8 mRNA expression, and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio via the maintenance of ã-GCS expression levels. Similar to its enhancing effect on the GSH/GSSG ratio, pretreatment with low-dose CAM for 72 h significantly increased Nrf2 mRNA expression (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). In contrast, these alterations were not observed after pretreatment with high-dose (10 ìM) or short-term (24 and 48 h) CAM.CONCLUSIONS: CAM is efficacious against cell dysfunction caused by oxidative stress under low-dose, long-term treatment conditions. This effect depended on the suppression of NF-êB activation and improvement of the H2O2-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance that is achieved by increasing Nrf2 mRNA expression in SAECs. The present study may provide the first evidence of why low-dose, long-term administration of macrolides is effective for treating chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clarithromycin', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Interleukin-8', 'NF-E2-Related Factor 2', 'Oxidants', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,235,416
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D12.776.260.108.737', 'D12.776.930.127.737'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Transport of water and solutes across sheep visceral pleura.
|
The fluid and solute transport properties of pleural tissue were studied using specimens of intact visceral pleura from adult sheep lungs. After thoracotomy, a shallow incision through the pleural surface permitted 10-cm2 by 10-micrometer pieces of visceral pleura free of lung parenchyma to be peeled off the lung surface. The pleura was then mounted as a planar sheet separating 2 reservoirs of Krebs-Ringer solution. Electrical potential and resistance, hydraulic water permeability, and diffusional permeability to water and several hydrophilic solutes were measured. The results showed that (1) no spontaneous voltage difference was present across the pleura; (2) electrical resistance (27.1 omega/cm2) was very low; (3) hydraulic water permeability was extremely high (1.64 X 10(-8) ml/dyne-s); and (4) diffusional permeability was high, varying from 5.24 X 10(-4) cm/s for water to 4 X 10(-5) cm/s for hemoglobin. Blue dextran (molecular weight, 2 X 10(6) daltons) did not cross the pleura in measurable quantities. We concluded that the isolated visceral pleura of the adult sheep is an extremely "leaky" tissue that probably does not actively transport salt and water. These findings are consistent with a passive model of pleural fluid formation and reabsorption, and suggest that the transport properties of normal pleural tissue are unlikely to be responsible for any differences in composition between interstitial and pleural fluids.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Body Water', 'Diffusion', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hydrostatic Pressure', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Permeability', 'Pleura', 'Sheep', 'Sodium']
| 507,515
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
|
OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease, with a genetic and hormonal background. The prevalence of women among patients with RA suggests the important role of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of RA. We examined the association between CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor (AR) gene and susceptibility to RA and its clinical features in white women.METHODS: The study groups consisted of 325 female patients with RA and 238 female controls. CAG repeat polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis.RESULTS: The number of CAG repeats in patients did not differ from that of controls (22.1 ± 2.9 vs 21.9 ± 2.9, respectively; p = 0.26), but the presence of articular erosions was associated with a lower number of repeats in the shorter allele of patients with RA (20.4 ± 2.2 vs 21.2 ± 2.4; p = 0.031). When alleles with < 22 CAG were classified as short (S) and those with ? 22 CAG as long (L), the age at diagnosis of RA was lower in women with S-S genotype in comparison to combined S-L + L-L genotypes (43.0 ± 14.6 yrs vs 47.6 ± 12.5 yrs; p = 0.021). In patients with the L-L genotype, the frequency of erosive disease (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.80, p = 0.0085) and extraarticular manifestations (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.26-0.98, p = 0.047) was lower in comparison to carriers of the S allele. In multivariate analysis, the L-L genotype was an independent factor associated with a lower risk of erosions (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.90, p = 0.024).CONCLUSION: The results suggest the association of short AR (CAG)(n) alleles with earlier onset and a more aggressive course of RA.
|
['Alleles', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Trinucleotide Repeats']
| 22,089,459
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500.850', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of olfactory dysfunction on sensory evaluation and preparation of foods.
|
Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of olfactory dysfunction on behavior during sensory evaluation and self-preparation, as well as on sensory perception and pleasantness of green tea and coffee. We compared the intensities of overall odor, flavor, and bitter taste, respectively, and the pleasantness ratings for three different concentrations of green teas and coffees between three groups: young (n=30) and elderly (n=30) with normal olfactory function and elderly (n=30) with olfactory dysfunction. In addition, we compared the subject groups' behavior during sensory testing and preparation of green tea or coffee. As expected, elderly subjects with olfactory dysfunction rated the overall odor intensity less intense than subjects with normal olfactory function. Also, elderly subjects with olfactory dysfunction rated the intensities of overall flavor and bitter taste significantly lower rather than subjects with normal olfactory function in green tea, whereas this result was not obtained in coffee. Compared to young subjects with normal olfactory function, elderly with olfactory dysfunction used more green tea powder to optimize their own green tea. Moreover, olfactory function scores assessed by the "Sniffin' Sticks" test were positively related with sniffing frequency for green tea and with sniffing time for coffee during sensory evaluation. During preparation of the green tea, compared to elderly subjects, young healthy subjects tried to adjust the green tea more frequently by adding green tea powder or water. Such behavioral differences were not present during coffee preparation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that olfactory dysfunction affects odor perception and sniffing behavior. However, under the current conditions, it appeared to have no effect on hedonic ratings and self-preparation behaviors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Behavior', 'Coffee', 'Cooking', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Odorants', 'Olfaction Disorders', 'Olfactory Perception', 'Sensation', 'Taste', 'Tea']
| 19,619,597
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['C10.597.751.600', 'C23.888.592.763.550'], ['F02.463.593.485'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['D20.215.784.844', 'G07.203.100.831', 'J02.200.831']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Separation and other stress in child abuse.
|
80 children who had been abused by their parents or caretakers were examined for separation experience early in life and for other stress factors within their families. Although early separation of parent and infant was common in abusing families, combinations of other stresses and conflicts were also present. These were considered to have predisposed towards the battering.
|
['Anxiety, Separation', 'Child Abuse', 'Child, Preschool', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Obstetric Labor Complications', 'Pregnancy', 'Social Class', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 6,103,310
|
[['F03.080.300', 'F03.625.047'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['C13.703.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Low initial dose of levothyroxine for treatment of congenital hypothyroidism].
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of treatment of infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with a low initial dosage of levothyroxine.METHODS: 138 newborns with primary CH detected by neonatal screening were divided into 3 groups according to levels of serum TSH, TT(3) and TT(4): sub-clinical CH (TSH >50 mU/L), mild CH (TT(4) <54 nmol/L), severe CH (TT(4)<54 nmol/L and TT(3)<1.2 nmol/L). The initial dose of levothyroxine was (3.5 +/-1.0) microg/(kg.d) for sub-clinical CH group, (4.3 +/-0.7)microg/(kg.d) for mild CH group and (4.7 +/- 0.6)microg/(kg.d) for severe CH group. Follow-up evaluation was carried out at 1, 2 and 3 months of age by measuring serum levels of TT(3), TT(4) and TSH. The time, when clinical signs and symptoms were eliminated and serum levels of TT(3), TT(4) and TSH normalized, was recorded. Development Quotient (DQ) testing was performed when CH cases were about 2 years old.RESULTS: The mean initial dose of levothyroxine in 138 cases was (4.3 +/-0.9)microg/(kg.d). In one month the serum TT(3) and TT(4) levels returned to normal, while for TSH levels 67.4 % cases reached normal range in 2 months and 84.1 % in 3 months. Two months after therapy, the levels of TT(3) and TT(4) reached to the upper half of normal range and there were no signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism. The time for all cases in 3 groups to reach the normal clinical and biochemical indicators was similar (P=0.925). The dosage for cases with low circulating thyroxine before treatment was higher than that of the other groups (P<0.01). The average DQ score of 18 cases after treatment was 116.7 +/- 17.0.CONCLUSION: he levothyroxine dosage of (4.3 +/- 0.9)microg/(kg.d) is appropriate for the initial treatment of the majority of infants with CH. However it is better to individualize the dosage for each case.
|
['Congenital Hypothyroidism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Thyrotropin', 'Thyroxine', 'Triiodothyronine']
| 15,940,798
|
[['C05.116.099.343.347', 'C05.116.132.256', 'C16.320.240.625', 'C19.297.155', 'C19.874.482.281'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.883', 'D12.644.548.691.525.883'], ['D06.472.931.812', 'D12.125.072.050.767'], ['D06.472.931.740.385', 'D12.125.072.050.767.741.894']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Calcium influx and intracellular stores in angiotensin II stimulation of normal and hyperplastic pituitary cells.
|
In rat pituitary cells from estrogen-induced hyperplasia, angiotensin II (ANG II) does not evoke a clear spike elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) but induces a plateau increase. The present work was undertaken to establish whether this difference was related to a differential participation of intracellular and/or plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. We first tested the effect of 10 nM ANG II on [Ca2+]i in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ in cells depolarized with 25 mM K+ or in the presence of blockers of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (VSCC). These treatments did not alter spike elevation in [Ca2+]i in controls but reduced plateau levels in hyperplastic cells. Intracellular Ca2+ stores were similar in both groups, as assessed by thapsigargin treatment, but this drug abolished spike increase in controls and scarcely modified plateau levels in hyperplastic cells. Finally, inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) production in response to ANG II was significantly higher in control cells. We conclude that the observed plateau rise in hyperplastic cells results mainly from Ca2+ influx through VSCC. In contrast, in control cells, the ANG II-induced spike increase in [Ca2+]i results from mobilization of Ca2+ from thapsigargin-sensitive internal channels, activated by higher inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Female', 'Hyperplasia', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reference Values', 'Thapsigargin']
| 10,484,357
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['D02.033.800.519.400.350', 'D09.853.519.400.350', 'D09.894.480.350'], ['A11.284.149.450', 'A11.284.835.514'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Selection of items for a computer-adaptive test to measure fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Delphi approach.
|
PURPOSE: Computer-adaptive tests (CATs) can measure precisely at individual level with few items selected from an item bank. Our aim was to select fatigue items to develop a CAT for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and include expert opinions that are important for content validity of measurement instruments.METHODS: Items were included from existing fatigue questionnaires and generated from interview material. In a Delphi procedure, rheumatologists, nurses, and patients evaluated the initial pool of 294 items. Items were selected for the CAT development if rated as adequate by at least 80% of the participants (when 50% or less agreed, they were excluded). Remaining items were adjusted based on participants' comments and re-evaluated in the next round. The procedure stopped when all items were selected or rejected.RESULTS: A total of 10 rheumatologists, 20 nurses, and 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients participated. After the first round, 96 of 294 items were directly selected. Nine items were directly excluded, and remaining items were adjusted. In the second round, 124 items were presented for re-evaluation. Ultimately, 245 items were selected.CONCLUSION: This study revealed a qualitatively evaluated item pool to be used for the item bank/CAT development. The Delphi procedure is a beneficial approach to select adequate items for measuring fatigue in RA.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Consensus', 'Delphi Technique', 'Expert Testimony', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Psychometrics']
| 21,805,365
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['F01.829.316.068', 'F02.463.785.373.433'], ['L01.906.197'], ['I01.880.604.583.232', 'N03.706.535.253'], ['C23.888.369'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F04.711.780']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A combination of extended fuzzy AHP and fuzzy GRA for government E-tendering in hybrid fuzzy environment.
|
The recent government tendering process being conducted in an electronic way is becoming an inevitable affair for numerous governmental agencies to further exploit the superiorities of conventional tendering. Thus, developing an effective web-based bid evaluation methodology so as to realize an efficient and effective government E-tendering (GeT) system is imperative. This paper firstly investigates the potentiality of employing fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) along with fuzzy gray relational analysis (GRA) for optimal selection of candidate tenderers in GeT process with consideration of a hybrid fuzzy environment with incomplete weight information. We proposed a novel hybrid fuzzy AHP-GRA (HFAHP-GRA) method that combines an extended fuzzy AHP with a modified fuzzy GRA. The extended fuzzy AHP which combines typical AHP with interval AHP is proposed to obtain the exact weight information, and the modified fuzzy GRA is applied to aggregate different types of evaluation information so as to identify the optimal candidate tenderers. Finally, a prototype system is built and validated with an illustrative example for GeT to confirm the feasibility of our approach.
|
['Algorithms', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 25,057,506
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is health insurance affordable for the uninsured?
|
In this paper, we investigate the meaning of "affordability" in the context of health insurance. Assessing the relationship between the affordability of coverage and the large number of uninsured in the U.S. is important for understanding the barriers to purchasing coverage and evaluating the role of policy in reducing the number of uninsured. We propose several definitions of affordability and examine the implications of alternative definitions for estimates of the proportion of uninsured who are unable to afford coverage. We find that, depending on the definition, health insurance was affordable to between one-quarter and three-quarters of the uninsured in the United States in 2000.
|
['Adult', 'Empirical Research', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health', 'Male', 'Medically Uninsured', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Econometric', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States']
| 16,806,543
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['H01.770.644.241'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343'], ['M01.385'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500.600.500', 'E05.599.835.890.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Cytokines induced by Sendai virus in human peripheral blood leukocytes.
|
Human peripheral blood leukocytes (hPBL) are a rich source of natural leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) when treated with Sendai virus. Sendai virus treatment of hPBL will also result in significant production of several chemokines and cytokines such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), MIP-1beta, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8, in a time-dependent way. A significant amount of MCP-1 is constitutively produced in overnight culture of leukocytes. The most abundant cytokine is IFN-alpha, which is induced to its maximum level approximately 11-15 h after addition of Sendai virus. The amount of IFN-alpha induced at 15 h after Sendai virus treatment is more than 16-fold higher than those of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. IFN-alpha is also induced more than 60-fold higher than TNF-alpha and IL-8. The amount of IL-6 induced is approximately 400-fold less than IFN-alpha. Limited amounts of other cytokines such as IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-beta, and IFN-gamma are also induced in Sendai virus-treated hPBL. No measurable amount of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-11, or IL-12 was induced in the supernatant of Sendai virus-treated hPBL.
|
['Chemokine CCL2', 'Chemokine CCL3', 'Chemokine CCL4', 'Cytokines', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukins', 'Leukocytes', 'Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins', 'Monokines', 'Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 8,699,116
|
[['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.150', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.150', 'D23.125.300.110.150', 'D23.125.300.600.500', 'D23.469.200.110.150', 'D23.469.200.600.150', 'D23.529.374.200.110.150', 'D23.529.374.200.600.150'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.200', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.200', 'D23.125.300.110.200', 'D23.125.300.600.750', 'D23.469.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.600.200'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.500', 'D12.776.395.240.500', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.500', 'D23.529.374.410.240.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600', 'D23.125.300.600', 'D23.469.200.600', 'D23.529.374.200.600'], ['D12.644.276.374.500', 'D12.776.467.374.500', 'D23.529.374.500'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700.715'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular risk stratification in advanced heart failure patients.
|
Risk stratification in advanced heart failure (HF) is crucial for the individualization of therapeutic strategy, in particular for heart transplantation and ventricular assist device implantation. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac gene expression profiling can distinguish between HF patients with different disease severity. We obtained tissue samples from both left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle of explanted hearts of 44 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation or ventricular assist device placement. Gene expression profiles were obtained using an in-house microarray containing 4217 muscular organ-relevant genes. Based on their clinical status, patients were classified into three HF-severity groups: deteriorating (n= 12), intermediate (n= 19) and stable (n= 13). Two-class statistical analysis of gene expression profiles of deteriorating and stable patients identified a 170-gene and a 129-gene predictor for LV and RV samples, respectively. The LV molecular predictor identified patients with stable and deteriorating status with a sensitivity of 88% and 92%, and a specificity of 100% and 96%, respectively. The RV molecular predictor identified patients with stable and deteriorating status with a sensitivity of 100% and 96%, and a specificity of 100% and 100%, respectively. The molecular prediction was reproducible across biological replicates in LV and RV samples. Gene expression profiling has the potential to reproducibly detect HF patients with highest HF severity with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, not only LV but also RV samples could be used for molecular risk stratification with similar predictive power.
|
['Bias', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Assessment']
| 19,793,385
|
[['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances proliferation of rat prostate cancer cells in the presence of living bone.
|
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is known to inhibit prostate cancer cells in vitro. Its effects on proliferation in the presence of living bone have not been reported, but are especially relevant since much of the morbidity and mortality associated with prostate cancer is due to metastatic bone disease. We investigated the effect of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on MatLyLu-beta(2) cells (MatLyLu cells), a rat prostate cancer line, co-cultured in transwells with living rat calvaria. Cultures of MatLyLu cells with living calvaria treated with 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) exhibited a statistically significant increase in proliferation (range 1.4 to 1.7-fold; p<0.05). Cultures of MatLylu cells alone, with spleen cells, muscle tissue, or with living or inactivated calvarial bone showed no differences in proliferation. To investigate the mechanism for enhanced proliferation, Galardin, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, or pamidronate, an antiresorptive agent, was added. Enhanced proliferation was prevented by either agent, but not to an equal extent. The presence of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) may lead to proteolytic release or activation of growth factors from bone. These results may explain the variability in reports on the in vivo effects of Vitamin D and suggest a potential concern in using Vitamin D or its analogs alone in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcitriol', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Rats']
| 17,210,249
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.387.300', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.387.300', 'D10.570.938.146.478.387.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bombesin receptors as a novel anti-anxiety therapeutic target: BB1 receptor actions on anxiety through alterations of serotonin activity.
|
The effects of PD 176252 [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[1-(5-methoxy-pyridin-2-yl)-cyclohexylmethyl]-2-methyl-2-[3-(nitro-phenyl)ureido]propionamide], a nonpeptide bombesin (BB) BB1/BB2 receptor antagonist, were assessed in rats using several ethologically relevant tests of anxiety. Consistent with a role for the bombesin family of peptides in subserving anxiety behaviors, the antagonist increased social interaction (3.75 and 7.5 mg/kg, i.p.), dose-dependently attenuated the number of vocalizations emitted by guinea pig pups separated from their mother (1-30 mg/kg, i.p.), reduced latency to approach a palatable snack in an anxiogenic (unfamiliar) environment, and reduced the fear-potentiated startle response (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., and 100-200 ng per rat, i.c.v.). When administered directly to the dorsal raph? nucleus (DRN), PD 176252 (20-500 ng) increased social interaction under aversive conditions, as did the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (50 ng). Furthermore, intra-DRN microinfusion of the peptide antagonist (PD 176252) suppressed, whereas its agonist [neuromedin B (NMB)-30] promoted, the in vivo release of 5-HT in the ventral hippocampus. In parallel, the suppressed social interaction elicited by intra-DRN administration of NMB was attenuated by a systemically administered 5-HT2C (but not 5-HT1A) receptor antagonist. Together, these findings suggest that endogenous BB-like peptides at the DRN evoke the release of 5-HT from the limbic nerve terminals originating from the raph?, specifically at the ventral hippocampus, resulting in anxiogenesis. The finding that this action was attenuated by BB receptor (BB1 and/or BB2) antagonists suggests that these compounds may represent a novel class of anxiolytic agents.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Anxiety', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Indoles', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Bombesin', 'Serotonin']
| 17,035,523
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['F01.470.132'], ['E02.319.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.070', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.200', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.200'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hemophilic pseudotumor: spectrum of MR findings.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the MR imaging appearance of hemophilic pseudotumor (HP) and its clinical implications.DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Five hemophilic patients (aged 35-77 years) with 12 HPs in various anatomic locations were included in this study. The MR images were retrospectively evaluated for the appearance of the lesions and accompanying abnormalities, as well as their clinical implications.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MR images of all five patients (12 lesions) showed well-defined masses containing blood clots in various stages of organization surrounded by a fibrous capsule in subcutaneous fat or in intramuscular, interfascial, subperiosteal, and intraosseous locations. Intramuscular HP frequently had mural nodules. This is an almost unique appearance that is somewhat unexpected. MR imaging allowed determination of number, size, and extent of the lesions, evidence of neurovascular involvement, and accompanying musculoskeletal alterations. It is concluded that MR imaging not only is a sensitive and accurate method for detecting and diagnosing HP and providing useful information for therapeutic decision making, but can also be used to assess results of treatment by allowing evaluation of the evolution of blood products, the size of lesions in regions difficult to access by physical examination, and recurrent bleeding within a chronic lesion.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Hematoma', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 9,297,751
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['C15.378.100.100.500', 'C15.378.100.141.500', 'C15.378.463.500', 'C16.320.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Role 2 Afloat custodian.
|
The Role 2 Afloat (R2A) capability is now firmly established on several maritime platforms using the 370 Module (afloat) equipment.
This year has seen the appointment on board ships that support R2A of a new full-time role, the Medical Module Manager
(MMM), who is responsible for the equipment on board. This article outlines the new role.
|
['Humans', 'Military Personnel', 'Mobile Health Units', 'Naval Medicine', 'Ships', 'United Kingdom', 'Workforce']
| 30,088,732
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['N02.278.421.702', 'N02.421.726.233.628'], ['H02.403.560'], ['J01.937.817'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Clinical research and humanitarian work: the role of M?decins sans Fronti?res in the fight against malaria].
|
In the 1990s and in the absence of data, M?decins sans frontiers (MSF) initiated a series of in vivo clinical studies to measure antimalarial efficacy and optimise treatment strategies within its missions. Between 1996 and 2004, more than 12,000 patients were enrolled in 43 studies in 18 countries of Asia and Africa. These studies were conducted in insecure and difficult-to-access sites, usually conflict-affected countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The data were used by MSF to improve treatments within its missions. In several countries they were considered by health authorities for adapting treatment guidelines at a country level. They had an effect on international policy. The high number of publications in peer-reviewed journals shows that research of high quality can be performed despite the important logistical difficulties encountered in the field. These studies are essential to adapt treatments for MSF programs. They need to be rigorous enough to be scientifically valid but also have to be adapted to specific field conditions. Although this work demonstrates the potential role of medical NGOs (non governmental organisations) such as MSF in collecting scientific data, national malaria programs, WHO and other international disease control partnerships hold the primary responsibility in initiating such studies.
|
['Altruism', 'Developing Countries', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Physicians', 'Research', 'World Health Organization']
| 19,361,396
|
[['F01.145.813.090'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['H01.770.644'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The development of coordination via joint expectations for shared benefits.
|
People frequently need to cooperate despite having strong self-serving motives. In the current study, pairs of 5- and 7-year-olds (N = 160) faced a one-shot coordination problem: To benefit, children had to choose the same of 3 reward divisions. They could not communicate or see each other and thus had to accurately predict each other's choices to succeed. One division split the rewards evenly, while the others each favored one child. Five-year-olds mostly chose the division favorable to themselves, resulting in coordination failure. By contrast, 7-year-olds mostly coordinated successfully by choosing the division that split the rewards equally (even though they behaved selfishly in a control condition in which they could choose independently). This suggests that by age 7, children jointly expect benefits to be shared among interdependent social partners "fairly" and that fair compromises can emanate from a cooperative rationality adapted for social coordination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
|
['Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Child Development', 'Choice Behavior', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reward']
| 32,338,934
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.770.836']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Glycopeptide antibiotic analogs for selective inactivation and two-photon imaging of vancomycin-resistant strains.
|
A novel theranostic divalent vancomycin analog using a planar 1,8-diazapyrene moiety as a rigid scaffold exhibits potent and selective antibacterial activity against Gram (+) bacteria including vancomycin-resistant strains, while having minimal influence on Gram (-) bacteria and mammalian cells. Moreover, this theranostic analog can be also applied for selective two-photon fluorescence imaging of Gram (+) bacteria.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Glycopeptides', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning', 'Molecular Structure', 'Optical Imaging', 'Vancomycin Resistance']
| 26,953,360
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['B03.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.450', 'E05.595.666.450'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['G06.099.225.984', 'G06.225.347.984', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.984']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Understanding the experience and manifestation of depression among Korean immigrants in New York City.
|
Depression among immigrant groups, especially Korean immigrants, has often lacked a comprehensive understanding by the providers of Western health care. This study aims to explore the subjective experience of Korean immigrants suffering from depression during resettlement in the United States. A series of focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted with Korean immigrants in New York City who identified themselves as depressed. Participants described their depression as manifested through the feeling of an "unbalanced self " and tended to express dysphoric symptoms in somatic terms. These differences need to be reflected in the assessment and treatment of depression in Korean immigrants.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cultural Competency', 'Culture', 'Depression', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Korea', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'New York City', 'Psychometrics', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 19,822,885
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['I01.880.853.100.364'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['M01.189'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['Z01.252.474.557', 'Z01.586.407'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Use of occupations and activities in a modified constraint-induced movement therapy program: a musician's triumphs over chronic hemiparesis from stroke.
|
OBJECTIVE: This case report addresses the use of therapeutic occupations and activities within a modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) approach for a 52-yr-old female violinist 4 yr after ischemic stroke.METHOD: Analysis of occupational performance was completed before and after intervention using a modified version of the Fugl-Meyer Sensorimotor Evaluation, the Motor Functioning Assessment, the Arm Improvement and Movement Checklist, and information obtained from a client journal maintained throughout treatment. The mCIMT protocol included use of constraint of the affected arm, with emphasis placed on participation in meaningful occupations and activities.RESULTS: Improved function in the affected extremity was noted at the conclusion of mCIMT. After completion of therapy, the client reported a return to playing violin.DISCUSSION: The findings from this case report suggest that use of meaningful occupations and activities integrated into a mCIMT protocol may be effective in addressing skills deficits for clients with upper-extremity chronic hemiparesis.
|
['Brain Infarction', 'Chronic Disease', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Music', 'Occupational Health', 'Occupational Therapy', 'Paresis', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 21,073,104
|
[['C10.228.140.300.150.477', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200', 'C14.907.253.092.477', 'C14.907.253.855.200', 'C23.550.513.355.250', 'C23.550.717.489.250'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387', 'E02.779.483', 'E02.831.535.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['K01.602'], ['N01.400.525'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.489', 'E02.831.489', 'H02.010.500'], ['C10.597.636', 'C23.888.592.643'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Characterization of volatile sulphur compounds production at individual gingival crevicular sites in humans.
|
The present investigation describes a method for collection and analysis of volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) from gingival crevicular sites in humans. Tenax-GC trapping devices were used to adsorb and concentrate VSC from crevicular air at -55 degrees C, which were then thermally desorbed at 120 degrees C. Gas chromatographic (GC) analyses were performed using a Tracor 550 GC equipped with a flame-photometric detector and a Teflon column packed with 5% polyphenyl ether and 0.05% phosphoric acid on 30-40 mesh Teflon. Sulfides identified from crevicular sites include hydrogen sulfide [H2S], methyl mercaptan [CH3SH], dimethyl sulfide [(CH3)2S], and dimethyl disulfide [(CH3S)2]. Of the seventeen patients studied, crevicular sites that were either deep (P.D. > or = 4 mm) or inflamed (BoP = 1) exhibited significantly larger CH3SH to H2S ratios than corresponding crevicular shallow (P.D. < or = 3 mm) sites (p < .10) or noninflamed (BoP = 0) sites (p < .05). Similarly, total sulphur in deep and inflamed sites was significantly higher than in corresponding shallow (p < .01) and noninflamed (p < .05) sites. This is the first known in vivo study to quantitate VSC directly from individual gingival crevices.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breath Tests', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Disulfides', 'Female', 'Gingival Pocket', 'Gingivitis', 'Halitosis', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Sulfides']
| 1,306,680
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.100'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['C01.408.360', 'C07.465.714.258.480.360'], ['C01.408', 'C07.465.714.258.480'], ['C23.888.821.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.340', 'D01.362.350', 'D01.875.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Attitudes to over-the-counter analgesics among 15-16 year-old teenagers].
|
BACKGROUND: More information is needed on teenagers' attitudes to self-medication with OTC-analgesics, and their access to medicine and information.MATERIAL AND METHOD: An anonymous questionnaire study was performed among all tenth grade students in Drammen, a middle sized city in Norway, in spring 2007.RESULTS: 367 students participated in the study, 55 of them had a non-western background. 24 % of boys and 41 % of girls stated that analgesics could be used whenever they experienced pain. Among these, 91 % had taken analgesics during the previous four weeks, among those who thought that analgesics should not be used 50 % had taken it. The girls reported episodes of pain more often than the boys, but analgesics were used to treat pain to the same extent by all students, irrelevant of sex and cultural background. 77 % of students with a western origin and 62 % of those from non-western countries felt free to use OTC-analgesics at home without asking for permission. 31 % of western girls got analgesics from their friends. 8.5 % bought medicines at the pharmacy and 7.1 % bought them in grocery shops. Information on how to alleviate pain with medicine was usually given by the parents.INTERPRETATION: Teenagers in secondary school have different opinions on self-medication with OTC-analgesics. The parents assist their children in how to manage pain. 15 - 16 year-olds experience much pain, and mainly have free access to analgesics at home.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analgesics', 'Attitude to Health', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nonprescription Drugs', 'Norway', 'Pain', 'Parents', 'Self Medication', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,690,593
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.530'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regulatory effects of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein on cytokines in the P388D1 macrophage-like cell line.
|
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) is an adaptor molecule of caspase-1 activation that stimulates the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the regulatory effects of ASC in the P388D1 macrophage-like cell line. Data showed that ASC overexpression induced by pEGFP-ASC-C2 transfection significantly increased caspase-1 expression and interleukin (IL)-1â and IL-6 secretion, but did not affect tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-á secretion. However, siRNA against ASC significantly decreased the caspase-1 expression and IL-1â and IL-6 secretion, but did not affect TNF-á secretion in the P388D1 cells. We suggest that ASC acts as an inflammatory response-associated gene by regulating caspase-1 activation and IL-1â and IL-6 secretion, which may correlate with its biological effects.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins', 'CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins', 'Caspase 1', 'Cell Line', 'Cytokines', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Silencing', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'RNA Interference']
| 23,064,768
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.360.075', 'D12.776.476.075'], ['D12.644.360.024.131', 'D12.644.360.075.358', 'D12.776.157.057.006', 'D12.776.476.024.139', 'D12.776.476.075.358'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.550.100', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.550.100', 'D12.644.360.075.405.550.100', 'D12.776.476.075.405.550.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.220'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.203.374'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.790']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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