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Risk factors for arterial hypertension after liver transplantation.
|
Arterial hypertension represents a common complication of immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension after LT. From a cohort of 323 cirrhotic patients who underwent LT from 2008 to 2012, 270 patients were retrospectively evaluated, whereas 53 (16.4%) patients deceased. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure ?140/90 mm Hg in at least two visits and/or the need for antihypertensive therapy. The prevalence of hypertension was 15% before LT and significantly increased up to 53% after LT (P < .001). Mean follow-up was 43 ± 19 months. In normotensive (NT) subjects at baseline, 35.9% developed sustained hypertension after LT, whereas 15.2% developed transient hypertension within the first month after LT, and then returned NT. The development of sustained hypertension after LT was related to the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor treatment (odds ratio [OR], 4.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-13.48; P = .02), alcoholic cirrhosis before LT (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.44-8.09; P = .005), and new-onset hepatic steatosis after LT (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.10-4.11; P = .02). Tacrolimus, the etiology and severity of liver disease, and other immunosuppressive regimens were not related to the development of hypertension after LT. In our cohort, the prevalence of arterial hypertension has increased up to 53% after LT, and metabolic comorbidities and immunosuppressive treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are the risk factors for the development of hypertension after LT.
|
['End Stage Liver Disease', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tacrolimus', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,366,595
|
[['C06.552.308.500.177'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D02.540.505.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
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After Mexico Implemented a Tax, Purchases of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Decreased and Water Increased: Difference by Place of Residence, Household Composition, and Income Level.
|
Background: In January 2014, Mexico implemented a tax on sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) purchases of 1 peso/L.Objective: We examined the heterogeneity of changes in nonalcoholic beverage (SSB and bottled water) purchases after the tax was implemented by household income, urban and rural strata, and household composition.Methods: We used 4 rounds of the National Income and Expenditure Surveys: 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Changes in purchases in per capita liters per week were estimated with the use of 2-part models to adjust for nonpurchases. We compared absolute and relative differences between adjusted changes in observed purchases in 2014 with expected purchases in 2014 based on prior trends (2008-2012). The models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics of the households, place of residence, and lagged gross domestic product per capita.Results: We found a 6.3% reduction in the observed purchases of SSBs in 2014 compared with the expected purchases in that same year based on trends from 2008 to 2012. These reductions were higher among lower-income households, residents living in urban areas, and households with children. We also found a 16.2% increase in water purchases that was higher in low- and middle-income households, in urban areas, and among households with adults only.Conclusions: SSB purchases decreased and water purchases increased after an SSB tax was imposed in Mexico. The magnitude of these changes was greater in lower-income and urban households.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Beverages', 'Child', 'Commerce', 'Diet', 'Dietary Sucrose', 'Drinking', 'Family Characteristics', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Mexico', 'Nutrition Policy', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Taxes', 'Urban Population', 'Water']
| 28,615,377
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['J01.219'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D09.301.831.250', 'D09.698.629.305.770.200', 'D09.947.500.250', 'D09.947.750.770.200', 'D27.720.372.300.353.609.750.250', 'G07.203.300.362.831.250', 'G07.203.300.514.500.400.700.750.250', 'J02.500.362.831.250', 'J02.500.514.500.400.700.750.250'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['F01.829.263.315', 'I01.240.361', 'I01.880.853.150.423', 'N01.224.361', 'N01.824.308', 'N06.850.505.400.400'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.650', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.650', 'N03.623.500.608.428.650'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['N03.219.900'], ['N01.600.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Diet and health: scientific concepts and principles conference commentary.
|
The conference concluded that dietary guidelines are needed, but that they cannot apply to everyone in the population nor to the same extent. Furthermore, a mechanism or structure is needed in which the guidelines can be periodically reviewed and updated. In making dietary recommendations, genetic variability, age, sex and body size need to be considered. Survival, extension of life span, relief of selected symptoms and biochemical improvements of risk factors are some of the criteria to be used in assessing the role of diet in health and disease. The most important questions that remain unresolved in the nutritional sciences concern the relation of diet to the development of chronic disease. The science of nutritional epidemiology needs to be strengthened and etiologic research in epidemiology ought to be performed and evaluated with the same standards used in other branches of science. Therefore, there is a need to establish guidelines for the validity of methods in assessing dietary intake and for a minimum acceptable correlation for the reproducibility and repeatability of dietary intake data. Research on the role of genetic variation and nutrition, the metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids and their relationship to omega-6 fatty acids, the energy expenditure after weight reduction and improving the scientific base of nutritional epidemiology will enhance the scientific basis of nutrition and our understanding of the role of diet in health and disease.
|
['Diet', 'Health', 'Humans', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena']
| 3,625,309
|
[['G07.203.650.240'], ['N01.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.203.650']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Examination of the effect of increasing doses of etoricoxib on oral methotrexate pharmacokinetics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
|
The authors designed 2 randomized controlled studies to examine the effects of etoricoxib 60 to 120 mg daily on methotrexate pharmacokinetics in 50 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on stable doses of methotrexate (7.5-20 mg). Patients received oral methotrexate at baseline and on days 7 and 14. In study 1, patients received etoricoxib 60 mg (days 1-7) and then 120 mg (days 8-14); in study 2, patients received etoricoxib 90 mg (days 1-7) and then 120 mg (days 8-14). For study 1, the AUC(0-infinity) geometric mean ratio (GMR) (90% confidence interval [CI]) for day 7 versus baseline was 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) for etoricoxib 60 mg; the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) GMR (90% CI) for day 14 was 1.28 (1.15, 1.42) for etoricoxib 120 mg. For study 2, the AUC(0-infinity) GMR (90% CI) for day 7 versus baseline was 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) for etoricoxib 90 mg; the AUC(0-infinity) GMR (90% CI) for day 14 was 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) for etoricoxib 120 mg. In summary, etoricoxib 60 and 90 mg had no effect on methotrexate plasma concentrations. Although no effect on methotrexate pharmacokinetics was observed with etoricoxib 120 mg in study 2, GMR AUC(0-infinity) fell outside the prespecified bounds in study 1. Standard monitoring of methotrexate-related toxicity should be continued when etoricoxib and methotrexate are administered concurrently, especially with doses >90 mg etoricoxib.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Etoricoxib', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Pyridines', 'Sulfones']
| 19,783,714
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D27.505.519.389.310.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500.500.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030.500.500', 'D27.505.954.329.030.500.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.886.590.444', 'D03.383.725.354'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Arginase-negative mutants of Arabidopsis exhibit increased nitric oxide signaling in root development.
|
Mutation of either arginase structural gene (ARGAH1 or ARGAH2 encoding arginine [Arg] amidohydrolase-1 and -2, respectively) resulted in increased formation of lateral and adventitious roots in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings and increased nitric oxide (NO) accumulation and efflux, detected by the fluorogenic traps 3-amino,4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate and diamino-rhodamine-4M, respectively. Upon seedling exposure to the synthetic auxin naphthaleneacetic acid, NO accumulation was differentially enhanced in argah1-1 and argah2-1 compared with the wild type. In all genotypes, much 3-amino,4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence originated from mitochondria. The arginases are both localized to the mitochondrial matrix and closely related. However, their expression levels and patterns differ: ARGAH1 encoded the minor activity, and ARGAH1-driven beta-glucuronidase (GUS) was expressed throughout the seedling; the ARGAH2::GUS expression pattern was more localized. Naphthaleneacetic acid increased seedling lateral root numbers (total lateral roots per primary root) in the mutants to twice the number in the wild type, consistent with increased internal NO leading to enhanced auxin signaling in roots. In agreement, argah1-1 and argah2-1 showed increased expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5::GUS in root tips, emerging lateral roots, and hypocotyls. We propose that Arg, or an Arg derivative, is a potential NO source and that reduced arginase activity in the mutants results in greater conversion of Arg to NO, thereby potentiating auxin action in roots. This model is supported by supplemental Arg induction of adventitious roots and increased NO accumulation in argah1-1 and argah2-1 versus the wild type.
|
['Amidohydrolases', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Arginase', 'Arginine', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Glucuronidase', 'Indoleacetic Acids', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Mitochondria', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Mutation', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Plant Roots', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Seedlings', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spermine', 'Tobacco']
| 18,567,826
|
[['D08.811.277.087'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D08.811.277.913.292'], ['D12.125.068.050', 'D12.125.095.104', 'D12.125.142.087'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.277.450.426'], ['D03.066.288', 'D03.633.100.473.404'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['A18.400'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801.821', 'D02.092.782.802'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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[Clinical observation of dynamic cervical implant (DCI) internal fixation in the surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early clinical effects and radiological outcome of dynamic cervical implant (DCI) internal fixation in treating cervical spondylosis, and evaluate its safety and efficiency.METHODS: From June 2009 to December 2011, 19 patients with cervical spondylosis correspond to the indication of DCI internal fixation in the study, including 5 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 14 cases of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy. There were 8 males and 11 females, aged from 35 to 54 years with a mean of 43.2 years. Pathological segments included C3,4 in 1 case, C4,5 in 6, C5,6 in 6, C6,7 in 4, C3,4 and C5,6, C6,7 in 2. All patients were treated with anterior discectomy and decompression and DCI internal fixation, meanwhile, 2 cases of them with anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion plate fixation. Clinical evaluation included Modified Japanese orthopedics association (mJOA), neck disability index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) score and patient satisfaction index (PSI) at pre-operation and final follow-up. Radiographic evaluation included flexion/extension lateral view at operative level and adjacent segment. The adjacent level degeneration was analyzed according to Miyazaki classification on MRI images.RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 42 months with an average of 19.8 months. Preoperative mJOA score was 13.6±1.1 and at final follow-up was 16.3±1.2 with improvement rate of 85.0%. Preoperative VAS,NDI was 6.6± 1.4, 17.1±7.4 and at final follow-up was 1.4±0.8, 6.1±3.9, respectively; there was statistical significance in all above-mentioned results between preoperative and final follow-up (P<0.05). Preoperative ROM at operation level was (7.6±1.9)° and final follow-up was (7.8+2.1)°; preoperative ROM at C2-C7 was (38.6±7.2)° and final follow-up was (39.9±6.4)°; there was no statistical significance in all above-mentioned results between preoperative and final follow-up (P>0.05). Preoperative DHI at operation level was (6.3±1.1) mm and final follow-up was (7.1±0.8) mm, there was statistical significance in DHI between preoperative and final follow-up (P<0.05). No heterotopic ossification was found. All patients followed up MRI, degeneration of 3 segments aggravated 1 degree in 38 adjacent segments, without clinical symptom.CONCLUSION: Treatment of cervical spondylosis with dynamic cervical implant can got satisfactory outcome in early follow-up. Activity of operative segment obtain reservation in some degree. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration is lower and no adjacent segment disease occur. Nevertheless a longer follow-up time should be needed to assess the long term functionality of the DCI and the influence on adjacent levels.
|
['Adult', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Spondylosis']
| 25,638,898
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.695'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['C05.116.900.938']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Perivascular axillary brachial plexus block and patient positioning: the influence of a lateral, head-down position.
|
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a 20 degrees Trendelenburg position on the blockade of nerves that exit the brachial plexus proximally in patients undergoing single-injection axillary brachial plexus block. After a pilot study of eight cadavers suggested that a head-down and lateral position would encourage the proximal spread of local anaesthetic, 72 patients undergoing elective surgery were divided into two equal groups: a Supine group and a Modified Position group (lateral position, 20 degrees head-down tilt). Patients were left in the allocated position for 30 min after an axillary block had been performed with alkalinised mepivacaine 1% 49.5 ml. Sensory and motor blockade evaluation showed that there was a significantly higher proportion of axillary nerve (76% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), thoracodorsal nerve (86% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) and subscapular nerve (89% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) blockade in the Modified Position group. Sensory block of the radial nerve was also improved by the modified position (100% vs. 86%, p < 0.05).
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Arm', 'Brachial Plexus', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Head-Down Tilt', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mepivacaine', 'Middle Aged', 'Movement', 'Nerve Block', 'Radiography, Thoracic', 'Sensation', 'Supine Position', 'Thorax', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 16,704,585
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['A08.800.800.720.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['G11.427.695.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.621.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E03.155.086.711', 'E04.525.210.550'], ['E01.370.350.700.730'], ['F02.830.816', 'G11.561.790'], ['G11.427.695.625'], ['A01.923.761'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid and automated substructure solution by Shake-and-Bake.
|
Direct methods of phase determination have played an important role in determining heavy-atom substructures from difference amplitudes of native-derivative crystal pairs or crystals containing anomalously scattering atoms. The minimal principle-based Shake-and-Bake procedure is one of the most successful direct methods for heavy-atom substructure determination. The computer program SnB, which implements the Shake-and-Bake procedure and is part of the protein structure-determination package BnP, has recently been optimized for rapid and automated substructure determination. Specifically, SnB has been upgraded with (i) a newly developed statistical minimal function for higher success rates, (ii) an optimal FFT grid size for dramatic cost-effectiveness improvement, (iii) a dynamic figure of merit for automatic substructure-solution detection and (iv) a strategy of alternation of anomalous differences with isomorphous dispersive differences for virtually guaranteed substructure solution.
|
['Algorithms', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Proteins', 'Software']
| 18,219,117
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D12.776'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Olfactory identification deficits in first-episode psychosis may predict patients at risk for persistent negative and disorganized or cognitive symptoms.
|
OBJECTIVE: One-third of patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder have a measurable olfactory identification deficit at first examination. The authors studied the relationship of this deficit to symptom remission after 1 year of treatment.METHOD: Fifty-eight patients naive to antipsychotic medication who entered the Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program were symptomatically rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (at baseline and 1 year). At baseline, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was also completed. Remission was determined for four symptom factors derived from the PANSS (positive, negative, cognitive/disorganized, and anxiety/depression). Patients with and without remission were compared on UPSIT scores.RESULTS: Patients with nonremission of negative and cognitive/disorganized symptoms had significantly lower baseline UPSIT scores compared with patients with remission. UPSIT scores were unrelated to remission of positive or anxiety/depression symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: UPSIT scores can be used to identify patients at risk for persistent negative and disorganized/cognitive symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Comorbidity', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Odorants', 'Olfaction Disorders', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Risk Factors', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Smell']
| 16,648,339
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.615.250'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.711.513'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['C10.597.751.600', 'C23.888.592.763.550'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.700.750'], ['F04.824'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
ATP release through connexin hemichannels in corneal endothelial cells.
|
PURPOSE: Intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation is a distinct form of cell-cell communication. In corneal endothelial cells, intercellular Ca(2+) wave propagation evoked by a point mechanical stimulus (PMS) is partially mediated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and subsequent activation of P2Y receptors. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that extrajunctional connexons (hemichannels) play a role in ATP release during PMS-induced Ca(2+) wave propagation in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCECs).METHODS: A Ca(2+) wave was evoked by a PMS applied to a single cell in a monolayer of cultured BCECs. Changes in [Ca(2+)](i) in the mechanically stimulated cell (MS cell) and in the neighboring (NB) cells were visualized by fluorescence imaging using the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye Fluo-4. From these images, the maximum normalized fluorescence (NF), the percentage of responsive cells (%RC), and the total area of cells reached by the Ca(2+) wave (active area [AA], in square micrometers) were calculated. Intercellular dye transfer, generally attributed to gap junctional coupling, was assessed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) using 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Opening of hemichannels was investigated by measuring cellular uptake of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow, which is known to permeate hemichannels. ATP release was measured by luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence.RESULTS: Flufenamic acid (FFA; 50 microM) and the connexin mimetic peptide Gap26 (300 microM), known blockers of hemichannels, significantly reduced AA in confluent monolayers as well as in contact-free cells. Neither FFA nor Gap26 affected the FRAP, indicating that reduction in AA of the PMS-induced wave by these agents is not due to a block of gap junction channels. FFA as well as Gap26 inhibited the increase in AA of the wave that was observed when cells were pretreated with the ectonucleotidase inhibitor ARL-67156 (100 microM). These findings suggest that the hemichannel blockers reduce the Ca(2+) wave propagation by inhibiting ATP release. Consistent with this finding, PMS or exposure to Ca(2+)-free solution (a maneuver known to induce the opening of hemichannels) led to ATP release; moreover, the release was inhibited by the hemichannel blockers. The extracellular ATP levels in response to both PMS and extracellular Ca(2+) removal were strongly enhanced by ARL-67156, and this effect was inhibited by FFA as well as by Gap26. Moreover, pretreatment of subconfluent BCEC monolayers with FFA or Gap26 inhibited the uptake of Lucifer yellow induced by removal of extracellular Ca(2+).CONCLUSIONS: Hemichannels contribute to ATP release on mechanical stimulation in BCECs. The released ATP contributes to propagation of the Ca(2+) wave.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Aniline Compounds', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cattle', 'Cell Communication', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Connexin 26', 'Connexins', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Flufenamic Acid', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gap Junctions', 'Ion Channels', 'Isoquinolines', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Xanthenes']
| 15,790,881
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D02.092.146'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.100'], ['D12.776.543.585.250'], ['A09.371.060.067.318', 'A09.371.060.217.318', 'A10.272.491.318'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.400.200.249', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.906.750.249'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D03.633.300.953']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cadexomer iodine in ulcers colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
|
The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of topical cadexomer iodine on venous leg ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated in an open, uncontrolled, multicentre pilot study. Nineteen patients with venous leg ulcers (median ulcer area 15.5 cm2) were treated with cadexomer iodine paste and short-stretch bandaging for 12 weeks or until the ulcer was healed within that period. Bacteriological cultures for growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ulcer area measurements were regularly performed during the study period. Seven patients were withdrawn during the study period for the following reasons: pain in the ulcer (n = 2), ulcer enlargement (n = 2), treatment of cellulitis in non-study ulcer with a systemic antibiotic that is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level (n = 1) and poor compliance (n = 1). In addition, one patient was erroneously withdrawn. After one week's treatment, 11 out of 17 patients (65%) had a negative culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At 12 weeks, six out of eight patients (75%) had a negative culture and complete healing was achieved in three patients (16%). The median ulcer area reduction obtained at 12 weeks was 32.9%. The results indicate that cadexomer iodine paste might be the treatment of choice for venous leg ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, a larger controlled clinical study is needed for final evaluation.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Humans', 'Iodine Compounds', 'Iodophors', 'Leg Ulcer', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Wound Healing', 'Wound Infection']
| 9,256,715
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.475'], ['D01.475.557'], ['C17.800.893.592'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['G16.762.891'], ['C01.947']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Bactericidal activity of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide alone and in combination against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
|
Log-phase cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Tween-albumin medium were exposed to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in concentrations in the range likely to be present in serum during treatment of patients. The bactericidal activity of the drugs was measured as the decrease in viable counts at 4 and 7 days. The activity of single drugs was highest for streptomycin and next highest for rifampin and isoniazid, but ethambutol only started to kill after 4 days. When exposed to 2 drugs, bactericidal synergism was found with streptomycin/isoniazid and isoniazid/ethambutol; additivity, with streptomycin/rifampin; indifference, with isoniazid rifampin and streptomycin/ethambutol; and antagonism, with rifampin/ethambutol and isoniazid/pyrazinamide. When cultures were exposed to the 3 drugs, isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol, marked antagonism was found between isoniazid and rifampin, whereas the addition of isoniazid or an increase in its concentration increased the bactericidal activity.
|
['Drug Interactions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Ethambutol', 'Isoniazid', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Rifampin', 'Streptomycin']
| 411,404
|
[['G07.690.773.968'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.265'], ['D02.442.436', 'D03.066.349.410', 'D03.383.725.394.582'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D03.383.679.750'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['D09.408.051.885']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Potential Protective Effect of Achillea fragrantissima
|
Adriamycin (Adr) is a cytotoxic anthracycline agent that is utilized to manage many types of tumors, but its clinical use is undesirable due to severe cardiotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of Achillea fragrantissima (A. fragrantissima) against Adr-induced cardiotoxicity through the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory metabolic pathways. A single dose of Adr was injected in rats to induce cardiotoxicity. Rats are divided into 5 groups, control, A. fragrantissima 800, Adr, A. fragrantissima 400 + Adr, and A. fragrantissima 800 + Adr. 72 h after Adr administration, electrocardiographic (ECG) study was performed for all rats. Serum and hearts were then collected for biochemical and histopathological studies. A. fragrantissima ameliorated Adr-induced ST-segment elevation. It reduced Adr-induced elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-á), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1â), and IL-6. It also protected against Adr-induced histopathological changes. Pretreatment with the extract increased heart tissue contents of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed that it is rich in phenolic and flavonoid active constituents. The results of this study revealed that A. fragrantissima extract ameliorates Adr-induced cardiotoxicity via an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Further studies are warranted in order to recognize the precise active constituents of this natural extract which are responsible for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
|
['Achillea', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Cardiotoxicity', 'Doxorubicin', 'Glutathione', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction']
| 31,317,032
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.100.037'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['C14.280.260', 'C23.550.161', 'C25.100.389', 'C26.733.266', 'G01.750.748.500.266'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transcription of the lysine-2,3-aminomutase gene in the kam locus of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD73 is controlled by both ó54 and óK factors.
|
Lysine 2,3-aminomutase (KAM; EC 5.4.3.2) catalyzes the interconversion of l-lysine and l-â-lysine. The transcription and regulation of the kam locus, including lysine-2,3-aminomutase-encoding genes, in Bacillus thuringiensis were analyzed in this study. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that this locus forms two operons: yodT (yodT-yodS-yodR-yodQ-yodP-kamR) and kamA (kamA-yokU-yozE). The transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of the kamA gene were determined using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A typical -12/-24 ó(54) binding site was identified in the promoter PkamA, which is located upstream of the kamA gene TSS. A â-galactosidase assay showed that PkamA, which directs the transcription of the kamA operon, is controlled by the ó(54) factor and is activated through the ó(54)-dependent transcriptional regulator KamR. The kamA operon is also controlled by ó(K) and regulated by the GerE protein in the late stage of sporulation. kamR and kamA mutants were prepared by homologous recombination to examine the role of the kam locus. The results showed that the sporulation rate in B. thuringiensis HD(ÄkamR) was slightly decreased compared to that in HD73, whereas that in HD(ÄkamA) was similar to that in HD73. This means that other genes regulated by KamR are important for sporulation.
|
['Artificial Gene Fusion', 'Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Binding Sites', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Intramolecular Transferases', 'Operon', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sigma Factor', 'Transcription Initiation Site', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 24,914,178
|
[['E05.393.220.250'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['D08.811.399.520'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.930.800'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.840'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Irregular echogenic foci representing coagulation necrosis: a useful but perhaps under-recognized EUS echo feature of malignant lymph node invasion.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Coagulation necrosis has been described in malignant lymph nodes. Our aim was to determine if coagulation necrosis in mediastinal lymph nodes imaged by EUS could be used as a useful echo feature for predicting malignant invasion.METHODS AND DESIGN: Patients with known or suspected lung cancer who had undergone mediastinal lymph node staging by EUS.SETTING: Tertiary Care university hospital.PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: An expert endosonographer blinded to the final diagnosis, reviewed the archived digital EUS images of lymph nodes prior to being sampled by FNA. LNs positive for malignancy by FNA were included. The benign group included lymph node images with either negative EUS-FNA or lymph nodes imaged by EUS but not subjected to EUS-FNA, with surgical correlation of their benign nature.RESULTS: 24 patients were included. 8 patients were found to have coagulation necrosis. 7/8 patients had positive result for malignancy by EUS-FNA. One patient determined to have coagulation necrosis had a non-malignant diagnosis indicating a false positive result. 16 patients had no coagulation necrosis. In 6 patients with no coagulation necrosis, the final diagnosis was malignant and in the remaining 10 cases, the final diagnosis was benign. For coagulation necrosis as an echo feature for malignant invasion, sensitivity was 54%, specificity was 91%, positive predictive value was 88%, negative predictive value was 63% and accuracy was 71%.CONCLUSION: Coagulation necrosis is a useful echo feature for mediastinal lymph node staging by EUS.
|
['Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Endosonography', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mediastinum', 'Necrosis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 19,565,048
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119.500', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119.500', 'E01.370.388.100.100.500', 'E04.074.119.500', 'E04.665.100.500', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119.500', 'E05.200.998.054.119.500', 'E05.242.384.100.119.500'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['E01.370.350.850.280'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A01.923.761.800.500'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Effects of the povidone-iodine (PVPI) in treatment of bacterial peritonitis induced in rats.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the povidone-iodine (PVI) added to the liquid of wash of the peritoneal cavity in the reduction of bacterial absorption and in the remainder non-phagocyted bacteria in the circulating blood of rat.METHODS: Thirty four Wistar females rats were used, distributed in the following groups: A (n=10), non-treated; B (n=9), wash of the peritoneal cavity with solution of PVI to 1% in saline solution; C (n=15), wash of the cavity with saline solution. After anesthesia, it was made intraperitoneal infusion of solution of Escherichia coli labeled with 99mTc containing 10(8) CFU/ml. After 40 minutes, it was made the treatment, in the group A, manipulation of the viscera; in the group B, irrigation of the peritoneal cavity with warm solution of 1% PVPI to 37,5 degrees C, and in the group C irrigation with warm saline (37,5 degrees C). After 15 minutes of the treatment, blood samples and fragments of liver, spleen and lung was obtained for count of the radioactivity, and animals killed by abdominal aorta section. There were determined the bacterial absorption index and the remainder index in the bloodstream.RESULTS: Of the total of bacteria infused in the peritoneum, there was absorption of 0,92% (0,14% to 2,13%) in the animals of the group A (controls), 0,49% (0,18% to 0,71%) after use of topical PVPI (group B) and 0,80% (0,04% to 3,8%) after wash with saline solution (group C). There was significant reduction of the absorption when compared the treated animals with PVPI and the controls (p=0,003). Of the total of bacteria absorbed for the circulatory current, the percentile amount of bacteria non-phagocyted in the outlying blood was of 2,9% (1,1% to 17,7%) in the control group, 15,2% (8,3% to 21,4%) in those treated with PVPI (group B) and 6,9% (0,8% to 29,7%) after wash with saline solution (group C), with difference among controls and treated with PVPI (p=0,01).CONCLUSION: The wash of the cavity peritoneal of mice with solution containing PVPI showed to be capable to reduce the absorption of bacteria by peritoneum of rat; however it seems to interfere with the function of the phagocytic cells for the observation of the increase of viable bacteria in the outlying blood of those animals.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents, Local', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Peritoneal Cavity', 'Peritoneal Lavage', 'Peritonitis', 'Phagocytosis', 'Povidone-Iodine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Solutions']
| 20,676,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.187'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['A01.923.047.025.600.678'], ['E05.927.705'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D01.475.557.500', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533.710', 'D03.383.773.812.615.630', 'D05.750.716.721.838.745', 'D25.720.716.721.838.745', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838.745'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Characterization of the glutamyl endopeptidase from Staphylococcus aureus expressed in Escherichia coli.
|
V8 protease, a member of the glutamyl endopeptidase I family, of Staphylococcus aureus V8 strain (GluV8) is widely used for proteome analysis because of its unique substrate specificity and resistance to detergents. In this study, an Escherichia coli expression system for GluV8, as well as its homologue from Staphylococcus epidermidis (GluSE), was developed, and the roles of the prosegments and two specific amino acid residues, Val69 and Ser237, were investigated. C-terminal His(6)-tagged proGluSE was successfully expressed from the full-length sequence as a soluble form. By contrast, GluV8 was poorly expressed by the system as a result of autodegradation; however, it was efficiently obtained by swapping its preprosegment with that of GluSE, or by the substitution of four residues in the GluV8 prosequence with those of GluSE. The purified proGluV8 was converted to the mature form in vitro by thermolysin treatment. The prosegment was essential for the suppression of proteolytic activity, as well as for the correct folding of GluV8, indicating its role as an intramolecular chaperone. Furthermore, the four amino acid residues at the C-terminus of the prosegment were sufficient for both of these roles. In vitro mutagenesis revealed that Ser237 was essential for proteolytic activity, and that Val69 was indispensable for the precise cleavage by thermolysin and was involved in the proteolytic reaction itself. This is the first study to express quantitatively GluV8 in E. coli, and to demonstrate explicitly the intramolecular chaperone activity of the prosegment of glutamyl endopeptidase I.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Escherichia coli', 'Immunoblotting', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Mutation', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Serine', 'Serine Endopeptidases', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thermolysin']
| 18,199,287
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.343', 'B03.353.500.750.750.343', 'B03.510.100.750.750.343', 'B03.510.400.790.750.343'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.827', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.827']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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A Rare Cause of Male Infertility: 45,X/46,XY Mosaicism.
|
OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical, chromosomal, and endocrinological features of 8 infertile male cases with the 45,X/46,XY karyotype who were admitted to our infertility clinic.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of cases who were admitted to our infertility clinic between 1999 and 2015 were investigated. Eight cases with 45,X/46,XY were detected. The clinical, endocrinological, and chromosomal assessments were analyzed. Each patient's height, weight, body mass index, testicular volume, endocrine hormone levels, follow-up period semen analysis, testicular biopsy reports, and karyotype analysis were evaluated retrospectively.RESULTS: Some cases had a short stature, but often their phenotypes were normal. Seven of the cases had normal testosterone levels and all cases, except one, had elevated gonadotropin levels. All cases were azoospermic and testicular biopsy showed Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Peripheral blood karyotype revealed 45,X/46,XY mosaicism in all cases. Metaphase counts and percentages were different.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism that have a normal male phenotype form make up a rare subgroup of the 45,X/46,XY karyotype. These individuals usually present with infertility and were diagnosed based on the results of the karyotype analysis during azoo or severe oligospermia evaluation.
|
['Adult', 'Azoospermia', 'Biopsy', 'Body Mass Index', 'Chromosomes, Human, X', 'Chromosomes, Human, Y', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Mosaicism', 'Phenotype', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Semen', 'Semen Analysis', 'Sex Chromosome Aberrations', 'Testis']
| 29,161,714
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C12.294.365.700.380'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.680', 'A11.284.187.865.982.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.680', 'G05.360.162.865.982.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.757', 'A11.284.187.865.983.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.757', 'G05.360.162.865.983.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G05.365.590.175.595'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E01.370.225.992', 'E05.200.992'], ['C23.550.210.815', 'G05.365.590.175.815'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of an intervening promoter nucleosome on gene expression.
|
Nucleosomes, which are the basic packaging units of chromatin, are stably positioned in promoters upstream of most stress-inducible genes. These promoter nucleosomes are generally thought to repress gene expression due to exclusion; they prevent transcription factors from accessing their target sites on the DNA. However, the role of promoter nucleosomes that do not directly occlude transcription factor binding sites is not obvious. Here, we varied the stability of a non-occluding nucleosome positioned between a transcription factor binding site and the TATA box region in an inducible yeast promoter and measured downstream gene expression level. We found that gene expression level depends on the occupancy of the non-occluding nucleosome in a non-monotonic manner. We postulated that a non-occluding nucleosome can serve both as a vehicle of and a barrier to chromatin remodeling activity and built a quantitative, nonequilibrium model to explain the observed nontrivial effect of the intervening nucleosome. Our work sheds light on the dual role of nucleosome as a repressor and an activator and expands the standard model of gene expression to include irreversible promoter chromatin transitions.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Nucleosomes', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 23,700,413
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308.330'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Usefulness of semiquantitative analysis of dipyridamole-thallium-201 redistribution for improving risk stratification before vascular surgery.
|
Preoperative dipyridamole-thallium-201 scanning is sensitive in identifying patients prone to ischemic cardiac complications after vascular surgery, but most patients with redistribution do not have an event after surgery. Therefore, its positive predictive value is limited. To determine which patients with thallium redistribution are at highest risk, dipyridamole-thallium-201 images were interpreted semiquantitatively. Sixty-two consecutive patients with redistribution on preoperative dipyridamole-thallium-201 planar imaging studies were identified. Each thallium scan was then analyzed independently by 2 observers for the number of myocardial segments out of 15, the number of thallium views out of 3 and the number of coronary artery territories with redistribution. Seventeen patients (27%) had postoperative ischemic events, including unstable angina pectoris, ischemic pulmonary edema, myocardial infarction and cardiac death. Thallium predictors of ischemic operative complications included thallium redistribution greater than or equal to 4 myocardial segments (p = 0.03), greater than or equal to 2 of the 3 planar views (p = 0.005) and greater than or equal to 2 coronary territories (p = 0.007). No patient with redistribution in only 1 view had an ischemic event (0 of 15). Thus, determining the extent of redistribution by dipyridamole-thallium-201 scanning improves risk stratification before vascular surgery. Patients with greater numbers of myocardial segments and greater numbers of coronary territories showing thallium-201 redistribution are at higher risk for ischemic cardiac complications. In contrast, when the extent of thallium redistribution is limited, there is a lower risk despite the presence of redistribution.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Disease', 'Dipyridamole', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Thallium Radioisotopes', 'Vascular Surgical Procedures']
| 2,386,115
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['D03.383.742.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['D01.496.749.900'], ['E04.100.814']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluating the Relationship Between Participation in Student-Run Free Clinics and Changes in Empathy in Medical Students.
|
PURPOSE: We explored differences in changes in medical student empathy in the third year of medical school between volunteers at JeffHOPE, a multisite medical student-run free clinic of Sidney Kimmel Medical College (SKMC), and nonvolunteers.METHOD: Volunteerism and leadership experience at JeffHOPE were documented for medical students in the Class of 2015 (n = 272) across their medical educations. Students completed the Jefferson Scale of Empathy at the beginning of medical school and at the end of the third year. Students who reported participation in other Jefferson-affiliated clinics (n = 44) were excluded from this study. Complete data were available for 188 SKMC students.RESULTS: Forty-five percent of students (n = 85) volunteered at JeffHOPE at least once during their medical educations. Fifteen percent of students (n = 48) were selected for leadership positions involving weekly clinic participation. Nonvolunteers demonstrated significant decline in empathy in medical school ( P = 0.009), while those who volunteered at JeffHOPE at least once over the course of their medical educations did not show any significant decline ( P = 0.07).CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that medical students may benefit from volunteering at student-run free clinics to care for underserved populations throughout medical school.
|
['Empathy', 'Humans', 'Student Run Clinic', 'Students, Medical', 'Volunteers', 'Vulnerable Populations']
| 28,033,737
|
[['F01.752.355', 'F01.752.543.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.912'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['M01.955'], ['M01.965']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[A review of immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy].
|
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for clinical application in China. However, the increased immune-related adverse event (irAE) needs more attention. This review summarized the incidence, characteristic clinical manifestation and treatment of irAEs associated with programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) inhibitors. To have a deep insight into irAE, the potential mechanisms, the different incidences of cancer types, influencing factors and the direction of future research were also discussed here to provide guidance for clinical oncologist to identify and monitor irAE.
|
['China', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Incidence', 'Neoplasms']
| 32,023,764
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C04']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort: study protocol and results of the first 3 years of enrollment.
|
Although the etiologies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely understood, the goal of finding a globally effective solution for preventing CVD is unrealistic. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a community-based prospective study on the prevention and management of CVD in Korean adults. This study was designed to recruit 8,000 healthy adults over the course of 5 years. The baseline assessment includes a wide range of established CVD risk factors, including demographic characteristics, medical history, health behaviors, psychological conditions, body size and composition, blood pressure, the augmentation index, carotid ultrasonography, an electrocardiogram, and biochemical indicators, as well as some novel factors, such as social network characteristics, exposure to environmental pollutants, inflammatory markers, hemostatic markers, and immunosenescence markers. Annual telephone interviews and follow-up health examinations at 5-year intervals after the baseline assessment are planned to collect information on changes in health status and its determinants. Additionally, indirect follow-up using secondary data sources will be conducted to obtain information on health services utilization and death. So far, more than 6,000 adults have been enrolled during the first three and a half years, and almost all participants have been tracked by annual telephone follow-up surveys. The data have been uploaded to iCReaT, the clinical research information management system of the Korea National Institute of Health.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Diseases', 'Middle Aged', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 28,395,401
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Australian High and Low avoidance rat strains: differential effects of ethanol and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine.
|
Two new lines of rats have been selectively bred for high or low active avoidance responding--the Australian High (AHA) and Low (ALA) Avoiders. Ethanol (1-1.5 g/kg body weight, i.p.) improved acquisition of active avoidance responding only in ALA, whereas alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT; 80 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) seemed to selectively impair acquisition of responding in AHA. The combination of ethanol and AMPT caused a general depression of behaviour. The 2 lines did not differ consistently in the latency to escape from shock, locomotor activity, 'emotionality' or passive avoidance responding. Ethanol had no effect on locomotor activity or 'emotionality', but increased the latency to escape from shock and impaired passive avoidance responding in both lines.
|
['Animals', 'Arousal', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Escape Reaction', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Male', 'Methyltyrosines', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reaction Time', 'Selection, Genetic', 'alpha-Methyltyrosine']
| 6,871,017
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['F01.145.113.780.688', 'F01.145.367', 'F01.145.875.439.500.688', 'G07.568.500.590.688', 'G11.427.410.568.850.688'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.485'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G05.783'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.485.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Coronavirus-like particles in Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals in Western Australia.
|
Pleomorphic virus-like particles which resemble coronaviruses in morphology were found in faecal specimens from Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Western Australia. They were equally prevalent in those with or without symptoms of diarrhoea. A much greater proportion of Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal children were found to be excreting the particles. The proportion of children who excreted the virus-like particles increased with age. Coronavirus-like particles, indistinguishable from those found in humans, were found in a number of Aboriginals' dogs.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Animals, Domestic', 'Australia', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Coronaviridae', 'Dogs', 'Feces', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Oceanic Ancestry Group']
| 661,689
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B04.820.578.500.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A12.459'], ['C06.405.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.686.508.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Developing a pressure sore risk assessment scale.
|
Reliability of pressure sore risk has been found to be poor regardless of the scale used. Clear and unambiguous descriptions for each risk category are important. It is essential that people using assessment scales are familiar with them.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Assessment', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Pressure Ulcer', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors']
| 9,128,687
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.233.508.480'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['C17.800.893.665'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Delusion formation and reasoning biases in those at clinical high risk for psychosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Cognitive models propose that faulty appraisal of anomalous experiences is critical in developing psychosis, particularly delusions. A data gathering bias may be fundamental to abnormal appraisal.AIMS: To examine whether there is a data gathering bias in people at high risk of developing psychosis.METHOD: Individuals with an at-risk mental state (n=35) were compared with a matched group of healthy volunteers (n=23). Participants were tested using a modified version of the 'beads' reasoning task with different levels of task difficulty.RESULTS: When task demands were high, the at-risk group made judgements on the basis of less information than the control group (P<0.05). Within both groups, jumping to conclusions was directly correlated with the severity of abnormal beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty (P<0.05). In the at-risk group it was also associated with impaired working memory (P<0.05), whereas in the control group poor working memory was associated with a more conservative response style (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: People with an at-risk mental state display a jumping to conclusions reasoning style, associated with impaired working memory and intolerance of uncertainty. This may underlie a tendency to develop abnormal beliefs and a vulnerability to psychosis.
|
['Adult', 'Delusions', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Intelligence', 'Judgment', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Problem Solving', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Psychotic Disorders']
| 18,055,936
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F01.752.543'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.425.725', 'F02.463.785.810'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F03.700.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel method of demonstrating the molecular and functional equivalence between in vitro and plant-produced double-stranded RNA.
|
A biotechnology-derived corn variety, MON 87411, containing a suppression cassette that expresses an inverted repeat sequence that matches the sequence of western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) has been developed. The expression of the cassette results in the formation of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transcript containing a 240 bp fragment of the WCR Snf7 gene (DvSnf7) that confers resistance to corn rootworm by suppressing levels of DvSnf7 mRNA in WCR after root feeding. Internationally accepted guidelines for the assessment of genetically modified crop products have been developed to ensure that these plants are as safe for food, feed, and environmental release as their non-modified counterparts (Codex, 2009). As part of these assessments MON 87411 must undergo an extensive environmental assessment that requires large quantities of DvSnf7 dsRNA that was produced by in vitro transcription (IVT). To determine if the IVT dsRNA is a suitable surrogate for the MON 87411-produced DvSnf7 dsRNA in regulatory studies, the nucleotide sequence, secondary structure, and functional activity of each were characterized and demonstrated to be comparable. This comprehensive characterization indicates that the IVT DvSnf7 dsRNA is equivalent to the MON 87411-produced DvSnf7 dsRNA and it is a suitable surrogate for regulatory studies.
|
['Animals', 'Coleoptera', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Insect Control', 'Pest Control, Biological', 'Plant Roots', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'RNA, Double-Stranded', 'Zea mays']
| 26,361,852
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.650'], ['A18.400'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D13.444.735.490', 'G02.111.570.820.486.775', 'G05.360.580.775'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Central glucocorticoid regulation of parasympathetic drive to pancreatic B-cells in the obese fa/fa rat.
|
The effects of glucocorticoids on the insulin secretory response to an intravenous glucose load have been studied in lean (Fa/?) and obese fa/fa Zucker rats. The role of parasympathetic drive to the pancreatic B-cells was assessed as that component of the insulin secretory response that was blocked by pretreatment of the rats with intravenous atropine. The insulin secretory response to the glucose load was greater in obese than in lean rats. Atropine significantly reduced basal and stimulated levels of insulin in obese but not in lean rats. Adrenalectomy reduced basal insulin levels and the secretory response in obese but not lean rats and also abolished the atropine-blockable component of the response. Peripheral corticosterone replacement of adrenalectomized fa/fa rats restored the hyperinsulinemia. Chronic infusion of dexamethasone intracerebroventricularly to adrenalectomized fa/fa rats increased basal insulin and the secretory response to glucose and this effect was blocked by atropine. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of obese rats with corticotropin releasing factor reduced basal and stimulated insulin levels. It is concluded that the hypersecretion of insulin in obese fa/fa rats results, at least in part, from a central glucocorticoid-mediated stimulation of vagal drive to the pancreatic B-cells.
|
['Adrenalectomy', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Brain', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Obesity', 'Parasympathetic Nervous System', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 1,938,098
|
[['E04.270.115'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['A08.800.050.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.700'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Notable radiophysicists and radiochemists in Croatia by 1945].
|
Physicists and chemists were among the first potential victims of occupational exposure to ionising radiation and they were also the first to warn about the harmful effects of radiation on living organisms. This review presents the work of the first notable scientists in the field of radiation science in Croatia from the discovery of radiation (Henry Becquerel in 1896) to 1945. The beginning of radiation science and radiation protection in Croatia can be traced to the end of the 19th century. Our research of the archived material and literature not only gave a deeper insight to the life and work of some of these notable scientists, but also gave a glimpse of previously unknown facts and details important for the history and development of radiation science, radiation protection, as well as medical physics. Our research has shown that Croatian scientists not only kept pace with contemporary scientific knowledge but also made notable contributions from the very beginning.
|
['Croatia', 'Health Physics', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Radiochemistry']
| 21,971,113
|
[['Z01.542.248.295'], ['H01.671.368', 'H02.229.333'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.181.529.776']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Recognising facial surfaces.
|
The extent to which faces depicted as surfaces devoid of pigmentation and with minimal texture cues ('head models') could be matched with photographs (when unfamiliar) and identified (when familiar) was examined in three experiments. The head models were obtained by scanning the three-dimensional surface of the face with a laser, and by displaying the surface measured in this way by using standard computer-aided design techniques. Performance in all tasks was above chance but far from ceiling. Experiment 1 showed that matching of unfamiliar head models with photographs was affected by the resolution with which the surface was displayed, suggesting that subjects based their decisions, at least in part, on three-dimensional surface structure. Matching accuracy was also affected by other factors to do with the viewpoints shown in the head models and test photographs, and the type of lighting used to portray the head model. In experiment 2 further evidence for the importance of the nature of the illumination used was obtained, and it was found that the addition of a hairstyle (not that of the target face) did not facilitate matching. In experiment 3 identification of the head models by colleagues of the people shown was compared with identification of photographs where the hair was concealed and eyes were closed. Head models were identified less well than these photographs, suggesting that the difficulties in their recognition are not solely due to the lack of hair. Women's heads were disproportionately difficult to recognise from the head models. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of such three-dimensional head models in forensic and surgical applications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Face', 'Female', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Young Adult']
| 24,601,032
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A01.456.505'], ['A01.456'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Patterns of genetic variation in native grape phylloxera on two sympatric host species.
|
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to examine population genetic structure in populations of native grape phylloxera. This research asked: (i) do RAPD markers distinguish two groups corresponding to the two host plant species; and (ii) do RAPD markers distinguish groups according to spatial location, independent of host plant association? Forty-nine phylloxera clones were collected from five pairs of adjacent individuals of two sympatric grape species in five sites along a 145 km transect in Missouri, USA. A high level of polymorphism was observed, with some evidence for structuring between host plant species and no evidence for spatial structuring. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) found that 6.52% of the variance in RAPD banding patterns was attributable to host species and 7.96% of the variance was attributable to spatial location. A cluster analysis did not result in two groups corresponding to the two hosts, or to five groups corresponding to the geographical sites sampled. A Mantel test showed a low correlation between genetic similarity and spatial location. Two of the 93 RAPD markers were nonrandomly associated between the hosts. It is suggested that there may be a small host-mediated effect on genetic variation but stochastic dispersal and a highly heterogeneous environment may be the primary influences on the observed polymorphism.
|
['Animals', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Genes, Insect', 'Genetic Variation', 'Hemiptera', 'Missouri', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique', 'Rosales']
| 10,792,695
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.340', 'G05.360.340.357.500'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.515'], ['G05.365.795'], ['E05.393.620.500.687', 'E05.601.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Does bruising help determine which fractures are caused by abuse?
|
To determine whether the presence or absence of bruising can be used to differentiate between abusive and nonabusive fractures, a retrospective study was conducted of patients with acute fractures referred to a child abuse team. A bruise and fracture were considered associated if both occurred on the same body site. Chart summaries, excluding information on bruising, were reviewed by 2 abuse experts to assign cause of injury. Of the 150 participants, fractures of 93 (62%) were categorized as abusive and 57 (38%) as nonabusive. Bruising associated with a fracture was found for 26% of abused and 25% of nonabused children. Most children (61%) had no bruises anywhere on the body, and this did not differ significantly by cause of injury. The sensitivity of a bruise associated with a fracture to predict abuse was only 26%. The presence or absence of bruising was not useful to differentiate between abusive and nonabusive fractures.
|
['Causality', 'Chicago', 'Child Abuse', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contusions', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 19,001,359
|
[['N05.715.350.200', 'N06.850.490.625'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350.200', 'Z01.433.305'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C26.974.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.171'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Long-term survival in 2 cases with unresectable hilar bile duct cancer and sclerosing cholangitis].
|
Case 1: A 69-year-old man was admitted to a nearby clinic due to upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography revealed stenosis of the hilar bile duct and dilation of the intrahepatic bile duct in both lobes of the liver. A percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tube was inserted in the right anterior segment branch, and an endoscopic naso-biliary drainage tube was inserted in the left hepatic duct. He was referred to our hospital because of suspected hilar bile duct cancer. Radiographic examination showed severe stenosis of the hepatic hilar duct and tapering of the entire intrahepatic bile duct. The extent of invasion could not be evaluated and we concluded that the tumor was unresectable. Although systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine was performed, the patient died at 37 months after the start of chemotherapy. Case 2: A 70- year-old woman was admitted to a nearby hospital due to epigastric pain and fever. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed stenosis of the hilar bile duct and a wide range of multiple stenosis in the intrahepatic bile duct. Bile cytology showed adenocarcinoma. Therefore, we decided the tumor was unresectable. Systemic chemotherapy with gemcitabine was started. She is in good health 57 months after the start of chemotherapy.
|
['Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Cholangitis, Sclerosing', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,267,997
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['C04.588.274.120.250', 'C06.130.120.120', 'C06.130.320.120', 'C06.301.120.250'], ['C06.130.120.200.110'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CBP recruitment and histone acetylation in differential gene induction by glucocorticoids and progestins.
|
We have analyzed histone acetylation at the steroid-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in five separate cell lines that express functional glucocorticoid and/or progesterone receptors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors bind the MMTV promoter after hormone addition but that receptor binding is not associated with an increase in acetylation of histone H3 or H4. We have, however, found one exception to this rule. Previously we described a cell line [T47D(C&L)] that displayed a remarkable differential induction of MMTV by glucocorticoids and progestins. At one chromosomal locus (MMTV-luciferase), MMTV is preferentially induced by glucocorticoids, whereas at another locus within the same cell (MMTV-CAT), MMTV is activated by both glucocorticoids and progestins. Here we show that the glucocorticoid-mediated induction of MMTV-luciferase is accompanied by increased recruitment of CBP to the promoter and increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation, whereas the hormonal induction of MMTV-CAT in the same cell exhibits a more modest CBP recruitment without any increase in histone acetylation. These studies suggest that increased histone acetylation may serve a potentiating function for MMTV promoter activation at certain loci. However, increased histone acetylation is not requisite for steroid-mediated induction of transcription at all genes.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'CREB-Binding Protein', 'Chromatin', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Histones', 'Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse', 'Mice', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 12,637,584
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.050.134.415.500.575.249', 'D12.776.930.680.300'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['B04.613.807.124.500', 'B04.820.650.124.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RPE65 is highly uveitogenic in rats.
|
PURPOSE: To examine the hypothesis that RPE65, a protein specific to the retinal pigment epithelium, is uveitogenic in rats.METHODS: Rats of four inbred strains (Lewis, Brown Norway, Fischer, and SHR) were immunized with native or recombinant bovine RPE65, or with S-antigen (S-Ag), emulsified with complete Freund adjuvant, and treated simultaneously with killed Bordetella pertussis bacteria, as indicated. Development of ocular changes was examined and scored both clinically and histologically.RESULTS: Lewis rats immunized with RPE65 showed development of acute and severe inflammatory eye disease that affected most ocular tissues. The minimum uveitogenic dose of RPE65 was similar to that of S-Ag (1 microg per rat), but the changes induced by RPE65 at higher dose ranges were less severe than those induced by S-Ag. Concurrent treatment of the RPE65-immunized rats with B. pertussis bacteria was not critical for disease induction, but enhanced dramatically the pathogenic reaction. Unlike the results with several other retinal proteins, no pinealitis was detected in rats immunized with RPE65. Fischer (F344) rats resembled Lewis rats in being similarly affected by RPE65 or S-Ag. In contrast, Brown Norway (BN) rats developed severe disease when immunized with RPE65, but showed minimal changes in response to S-Ag. SHR rats responded poorly to disease induced by RPE65, and S-Ag-induced disease failed to develop.CONCLUSIONS: RPE65 is highly uveitogenic in rats, thus suggesting that this molecule could be involved in pathogenic autoimmunity in the human eye.
|
['Animals', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Eye Proteins', 'Immunization', 'Male', 'Pigment Epithelium of Eye', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BN', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Uveitis', 'cis-trans-Isomerases']
| 12,091,425
|
[['B01.050'], ['C20.111'], ['D12.776.157'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D12.776.306'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['A09.371.670', 'A10.272.640'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.110', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.110'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C11.941.879'], ['D08.811.399.325']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Visual-manual tracking and vestibular function during 7-day dry immersion].
|
The seven-day DI experiment provided an opportunity to study the effects of decreased proprioceptive, tactile and support afferentation on the vestibular function and visual-manual tracking. Before and after immersion, six subjects participated in videooculographic evaluation of the static torsion otolith-cervicoocular reflex (OCOR) in response to head inclination at 30 degrees in the frontal plane and dynamic vestibular-cervicoocular reactions to head longitudinal rotations at 0.125 Hz. In addition, the hand-eye motor coordination of tracking a jerky (sinusoidal) or smooth (linear) movement of point targets along the horizontal or the vertical was evaluated based on the data of electrooculography and records of manipulations with the joystick during immersion. The computerized test was performed in virtual spectacles dsplaying images of visual stimuli and hand motor acts. Computed parameters included latent reaction time, amplitude, speed and time of eye and hand movements, and gains of optooculomotor reactions and manual tracking as a ratio of eye/hand to visual stimulus speed. Testing was fulfilled before the experiment, in 3 hrs. of immersion, on days 3 and 6 of staying in the bath, in the initial hours after immersion, and on day 3 of recovery. It was shown that removal of support and minimization of proprioceptive afferentation had a profound effect on the ocular tracking rather than hand pursuance of visual stimulus. Accuracy of manual tracking was better comparing with the eye tracking in all the subjects. This was the first time when we observed changes in the peripheral vestibular system in two out of 6 subjects, i.e. inversion of static torsion OCOR and positional nystagmus on the background of converted reflex which did not mar the parameters of oculo-manual tracking.
|
['Adult', 'Electrooculography', 'Eye Movements', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gravity Sensing', 'Head Movements', 'Humans', 'Immersion', 'Male', 'Oculomotor Muscles', 'Otolithic Membrane', 'Reference Values', 'Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth', 'Young Adult']
| 19,192,531
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.380.230.285', 'E01.370.405.245.787.285'], ['G11.427.410.140', 'G14.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['G11.561.790.255', 'G15.375'], ['G11.427.410.478'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.466'], ['A02.633.567.700'], ['A09.246.300.909.625.125.680'], ['E05.978.810'], ['G07.888.937', 'G11.561.731.795'], ['A09.246.300.909'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Picosecond absorption studies on rhodopsin and isorhodopsin in detergent and native membrane.
|
Picosecond transient absorption spectra of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin were measured at room temperature with a double-beam laser spectrophotometer after excitation at 355 nm. Photolysis studies were performed on rhodopsin solubilized in two different detergents (digitonin and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate). The resulting rhodopsin/bathorhodopsin absorption difference spectra were measured at times from 35 ps to 250 ns following photoexcitation. Rhodopsin and isorhodopsin in native disk membrane were studied after suspension in 75% glycerol. Isorhodopsin was prepared by photoisomerizing rhodopsin in disk membrane at 77 K. Transient spectra obtained from the visual pigments in native membrane were of a quality approaching that obtained from detergent-solubilized rhodopsin. The batho intermediate derived from isorhodopsin was spectrally the same as that generated by rhodopsin photolysis and was produced with a quantum yield higher than had been predicted on the basis of other studies.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholic Acids', 'Digitonin', 'Isomerism', 'Light', 'Photolysis', 'Retinal Pigments', 'Rhodopsin', 'Rod Cell Outer Segment', 'Solubility', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 6,487,580
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.105.225', 'D04.210.500.221.430'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.236', 'D09.408.180.261.236'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D23.767.930'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.955', 'D23.767.930.750.500.500'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.375.500', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.375.500', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.375.500', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650.650'], ['G02.805'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thin film processing using S-layer proteins: biotemplated assembly of colloidal gold etch masks for fabrication of silicon nanopillar arrays.
|
We explored the bionanofabrication of silicon nanopillar structures using ordered gold nanoparticle arrays generated from microbial surface layer (S-layer) protein templates. The S-layer template used for these thin film processing experiments was isolated from the Gram-positive bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. In this preliminary work, S-layers preimmobilized onto chemically modified silicon substrates were initially used to template the fabrication of a nanolithographic hard mask pattern comprised of a hexagonally ordered array of 5-nm gold nanoparticles (lattice constant=18 nm). Significantly, the use of the biotemplated gold nanoparticle mask patterns in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process successfully yielded silicon nanopillar structures. However, it was found that the resultant nanopillars (8-13 nm wide at the tip, 15-20 nm wide at half-height, 20-30 nm wide at the base, and 60-90 nm tall) appeared to lack any significant degree of translational ordering. The results suggest that further studies are needed in order to elucidate the optimal plasma processing parameters that will lead to the generation of long-range ordered arrays of silicon-based nanostructures using S-layer protein templates.
|
['Colloids', 'Gold', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Nanostructures', 'Proteins', 'Silicon']
| 17,324,560
|
[['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D12.776'], ['D01.268.513.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of presolvent extraction processing method on the nutritional value of soybean meal for chicks.
|
This study evaluated the effect of extruding or expander processing prior to solvent extraction on the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM). Three samples of SBM containing 100% nonexpander SBM, 100% expander SBM, or a mixture of nonexpander and expander SBM were obtained from a commercial plant. An experiment was conducted using Peterson x Hubbard commercial male broiler chicks fed 20% CP corn-SBM-corn gluten meal diets from 8 to 21 d of age. The experiment had a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design, with three SBM types, two levels of Met + Cys (0.77 and 0.90%), and two levels of Lys (0.95 and 1.20%). Processing method had no effect on the amino acid concentration or protein solubility of the SBM. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on chick weight gain or feed intake. Feed efficiency was significantly improved (P < 0.05) by Met and Lys supplementation, but SBM processing method had no significant effect. The results of this study indicate that presolvent processing method (expander or nonexpander) had no significant effect on the nutritional value of SBM for broiler chicks.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Chickens', 'Food Handling', 'Glutens', 'Male', 'Nutritive Value', 'Solvents', 'Soybeans', 'Weight Gain', 'Zea mays']
| 11,092,336
|
[['D12.125'], ['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500'], ['G07.203.650.660', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750', 'N06.850.601.750'], ['D27.720.844'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Is screening for vascular disease a valuable proposition?
|
The value of health screening among the general population has been well-documented, with testing for hypertension, diabetes, and glaucoma now commonplace. It was the purpose of our study to determine the efficacy of a screening program for peripheral vascular disease and carotid artery disease using the noninvasive laboratory diagnostic tools. In the screening for peripheral disease, there were 496 participants with a mean age of 35 (range 17 to 63) years. All participants had an ankle:brachial index (ABI) of 0.95 or greater except one (0.47). Risk factors included smoking (350), history of cardiac disease (19), family history of vascular disease (204), and pain in the legs on walking (39). The risk factors could not be correlated with any objective vascular findings (abnormal ABIs). A Doppler ultrasound device, including an inflatable ankle cuff, was used to measure the ABI of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial vessels. Testing was performed on a volunteer basis after the participant completed a check-off sheet of risk factors. In screening for carotid artery disease 1338 women, whose average age was 31 years, had an less than 1% incidence of cardiac disease, and 803 men, whose average age was 40 years, had a 4% incidence. Less than 1% of the group had diabetes mellitus. All patients were asymptomatic referable to the extra-cranial vascular system. Two men of the 2141 persons tested had a lesion meriting further evaluation. The role of Health Fairs may be more effective as an educational resource than a diagnostic interventional tool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ankle', 'Arm', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Determination', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vascular Diseases']
| 3,288,641
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A01.378.610.050'], ['A01.378.800.075'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.370.140', 'E01.370.600.100'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C14.907']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chronic necrotising aspergillosis mimicking ACTH-secreting tumour in a case of Cushing's disease.
|
An 18-year-old man presenting with speech and behaviour disorders was found to suffer from Cushing's syndrome. Ectopic ACTH secretion was initially suspected on the basis of very high cortisoluria and ACTH concentrations, severe hypokalemia, a lung hypermetabolic lesion and a normal pituitary on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After lung surgery, this lesion proved to be chronic necrotising aspergillosis (CNA). Diagnostic reevaluation by bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling disclosed a right-sided petrosal sinus gradient consistent with Cushing's disease (CD). A new high resolution thin-section MRI demonstrated a 5 mm pituitary adenoma, which could be removed successfully. Thus, a lung mass associated with several clues in favour of ectopic ACTH secretion may hide a diagnosis of CD. Such a mass can be CNA, an opportunistic infection favoured by immunosuppression, which to our knowledge, is the first case reported in CD.
|
['ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic', 'Adolescent', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Petrosal Sinus Sampling', 'Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion', 'Pulmonary Aspergillosis']
| 23,967,728
|
[['C04.730.713.317'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.600', 'E01.370.225.998.110.600', 'E04.665.150.600', 'E05.200.124.100.600', 'E05.200.998.110.600'], ['C10.228.140.617.738.250.725', 'C19.700.355.800'], ['C01.150.703.080.768', 'C01.150.703.534.850', 'C08.381.472.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
What information should lead to a suspicion of catheter sepsis in HPN?
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The diagnosis of catheter sepsis in patients on home parenteral nutrition can be difficult and patients often do not present with classical symptoms of pyrexia whilst feeding. This study reviews the clinical and diagnostic criteria needed to diagnose catheter sepsis.METHODS: A retrospective consecutive notes review of 2 years of patients presenting with catheter infections assessed symptoms, inflammatory markers and some liver function tests. The same data was also collected on those same patients who had successfully under gone line salvage. The two sets were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and predictive calculations were carried out using receiver operated characteristic curves.RESULTS: Over the two year period there were 37 episodes of CRBSI in 31 patients recorded. Successful catheter salvage was achieved in 30 episodes (in 24 patients) which is an 81% salvage rate. The most significant abnormality seen was a raised C-reactive protein, but less than a third of patients had a raised white cell count. However, there were significant changes in the bilirubin (p=0.0007) and albumin (p=0.0013) in these patients. Almost a third of patients who feel unwell do not present with a raised temperature.CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of CRBSI remains difficult, but it should be suspected in patients with newly abnormal CRP, albumin or bilirubin and in the non-specifically unwell patient a clinician should not be misled by a normal white cell count and apyrexia.
|
['Bilirubin', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Catheters, Indwelling', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Equipment Contamination', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Home', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Serum Albumin']
| 18,662,842
|
[['D03.383.129.578.840.249.184', 'D03.633.400.909.249.184', 'D04.345.783.249.184', 'D23.767.193.184'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['E07.132.500'], ['E01.171'], ['N06.850.540'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E02.421.505.550', 'E02.642.500.505.550', 'N02.421.143.524.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Use of echography for diagnosing aldosteromas].
|
Altogether 23 patients were examined to assess the value of echography in the diagnosis of aldosteromas. Tumors were diagnosed at operation in 21 (2 malignant tumors) and adrenal hyperplasia in 2. The accuracy of diagnosis with regard to the presence or absence of aldosteromas was 82.6%. An analysis of the causes of erroneous results showed that they were noted in small size formations less than 2 cm in diameter, in corpulent patients and in the left-side tumor site due to more complicated anatomotopographic interrelationships of the organs in this area.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adrenal Gland Neoplasms', 'Adrenocortical Hyperfunction', 'Adult', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Humans', 'Hyperaldosteronism', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography']
| 3,909,477
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.322.078', 'C19.053.347', 'C19.344.078'], ['C19.053.800'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.053.800.604'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Using convolutional neural networks to estimate time-of-flight from PET detector waveforms.
|
Although there have been impressive strides in detector development for time-of-flight positron emission tomography, most detectors still make use of simple signal processing methods to extract the time-of-flight information from the detector signals. In most cases, the timing pick-off for each waveform is computed using leading edge discrimination or constant fraction discrimination, as these were historically easily implemented with analog pulse processing electronics. However, now with the availability of fast waveform digitizers, there is opportunity to make use of more of the timing information contained in the coincident detector waveforms with advanced signal processing techniques. Here we describe the application of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a type of machine learning, to estimate time-of-flight directly from the pair of digitized detector waveforms for a coincident event. One of the key features of this approach is the simplicity in obtaining ground-truth-labeled data needed to train the CNN: the true time-of-flight is determined from the difference in path length between the positron emission and each of the coincident detectors, which can be easily controlled experimentally. The experimental setup used here made use of two photomultiplier tube-based scintillation detectors, and a point source, stepped in 5 mm increments over a 15 cm range between the two detectors. The detector waveforms were digitized at 10 GS s-1 using a bench-top oscilloscope. The results shown here demonstrate that CNN-based time-of-flight estimation improves timing resolution by 20% compared to leading edge discrimination (231 ps versus 185 ps), and 23% compared to constant fraction discrimination (242 ps versus 185 ps). By comparing several different CNN architectures, we also showed that CNN depth (number of convolutional and fully connected layers) had the largest impact on timing resolution, while the exact network parameters, such as convolutional filter size and number of feature maps, had only a minor influence.
|
['Electronics', 'Electrons', 'Equipment Design', 'Humans', 'Machine Learning', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Scintillation Counting', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio']
| 29,182,151
|
[['H01.671.293'], ['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G17.035.250.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E05.799.700'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The evaluation of exposure risks for natural transmission of scrapie within an infected flock.
|
BACKGROUND: Although the epidemiology of scrapie has been broadly understood for many years, attempts to introduce voluntary or compulsory controls to eradicate the disease have frequently failed. Lack of precision in defining the risk factors on farm has been one of the challenges to designing control strategies. This study attempted to define which parts of the annual flock management cycle represented the greatest risk of infection to naive lambs exposed to the farm environment at different times.RESULTS: In VRQ/VRQ lambs exposed to infected sheep at pasture or during lambing, and exposed to the buildings in which lambing took place, the attack rate was high and survival times were short. Where exposure was to pasture alone the number of sheep affected in each experimental group was reduced, and survival times were longer and related to length of exposure.CONCLUSION: At the flock level, eradication and control strategies for scrapie must take into account the need to decontaminate buildings used for lambing, and to reduce (or prevent) the exposure of lambs to infected sheep, especially in the later stages of incubation, and at lambing. The potential for environmental contamination from pasture should also be considered. Genotype selection may still prove to be the only viable tool to prevent infection from contaminated pasture, reduce environmental contamination and limit direct transmission from sheep to sheep.
|
['Animals', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Pregnancy', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Scrapie', 'Sheep', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors']
| 19,818,127
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.207.800.717', 'C10.228.228.800.717', 'C10.574.843.850', 'C22.836.799'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The distribution and frequency of oral veillonella spp. in the tongue biofilm of healthy young adults.
|
Five species of oral Veillonella, V. atypica, V. denticariosi, V. dispar, V. parvula, and V. rogosae, have been suggested to be early colonizers of dental biofilm and causes of opportunistic infections and oral malodor. However, the pathogenicity and the distribution of oral Veillonella spp. have not been clarified. Previously, oral Veillonella spp. were identified by using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. In addition, recently, Veillonella isolates from human tongue biofilm were identified by rpoB gene sequences, but these procedures are time-consuming and complex. To overcome this problem, Igarashi et al. have designed species-specific primer sets for oral Veillonella spp. by using a highly variable region in the rpoB gene. In the present study, the distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella spp. in the tongue biofilm of healthy adults in their 20s were examined by using these species-specific primer sets. Tongue biofilms of these subjects were found to be divided into two groups based on the distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella spp. In one group, V. rogosae was the predominant species; the other group consisted of mainly V. dispar and V. atypica. Multiple factors may influence these differences in distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella spp. in tongue biofilm. This is the first report also demonstrating the availability of the species-specific primer sets for PCR to determine the distribution and frequency of oral Veillonella spp. in the tongue biofilm of healthy adults in their 20s.
|
['Biofilms', 'DNA Primers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Species Specificity', 'Tongue', 'Veillonella', 'Young Adult']
| 21,850,474
|
[['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G16.824'], ['A03.556.500.885', 'A14.549.885'], ['B03.440.425.410.800.938'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of risk factor variants of LRRK2, MAPT, SNCA and TCEANC2 genes in Hungarian sporadic Parkinson's disease patients.
|
INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Lifestyle, environmental effects and several genetic factors have been proposed to contribute to its development. Though the majority of PD cases do not have a family history of disease, genetic alterations are proposed to be present in 60 percent of the more common sporadic cases.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of PD related specific risk variants of LRRK2, MAPT, SNCA and PARK10 genes in the Hungarian population. Out of the ten investigated polymorphisms three are proposed to have protective effect and seven are putative risk factors.METHODS: For genotyping, TaqMan allelic discrimination and restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used. LRRK2 mutations were investigated among 124 sporadic PD patients and 128 healthy controls. MAPT and SNCA variant frequencies were evaluated in a group of 123 patients and 122 controls, while PARK10 variant was studied in groups of 121 patients and 113 controls.RESULTS: No significant difference could be detected in the frequencies of the investigated MAPT and PARK10 variants between the studied Hungarian PD cases and controls. The minor allele of the risk factor S1647T LRRK2 variant was found to be more frequent among healthy male individuals compared to patients. Moreover, in the frequency of one of the investigated SNCA variant a significant intergroup difference was detected. The minor allele (A) of rs356186 is proposed to be protective against developing the disease. In accord with data obtained in other populations, the AA genotype was significantly more frequent among Hungarian healthy controls compared to patients. Similarly, a significant difference in genotype distribution was also found in comparison of patients with late onset disease to healthy controls, which was due to the higher frequency of AG genotype among patients.CONCLUSION: The frequencies of different gene variants show great differences in populations. Assessment of the frequency of variants of PD related genes variants is important in order to uncover the pathomechanisms underlying the disease, and to identify potential therapeutic targets. This is the first comprehensive study focusing on these genetic variants in the population of East-Central European region. Our results extend the knowledge on the world wide occurrence of these polymorphisms by demonstrating the occurrence of specific alleles and absence of others in Hungarian PD patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Hungary', 'Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'alpha-Synuclein', 'tau Proteins']
| 31,085,292
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.534', 'D12.776.637.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D12.776.631.860.500', 'D12.776.637.500'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
The developing discipline of nursing from a Dutch perspective.
|
This article is based on a literature review and presents an overview of the development of nursing from vocation to a science based profession. It first addresses the start of formal nursing education in The Netherlands and then focuses on the developing academic discipline, which originated in the U.S.A. While the main focus is on The Netherlands, major milestones in other countries are also briefly discussed [Diepeveen-Speekenbrink (1990b), "The need for graduate nursing education and nursing research in The Netherlands: An exploratory study", a dissertation for degree of Master of Philosophy at University of Wales College of Medicine].
|
['Education, Nursing', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Education, Nursing, Graduate', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Humans', 'Netherlands', 'Nursing Research', 'Professional Practice']
| 1,612,840
|
[['I02.358.462'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['I02.358.337.450', 'I02.358.462.565'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613'], ['N04.452.758']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sampling framework for accurate curvature estimation in discrete surfaces.
|
Accurate curvature estimation in discrete surfaces is an important problem with numerous applications. Curvature is an indicator of ridges and can be used in applications such as shape analysis and recognition, object segmentation, adaptive smoothing, anisotropic fairing of irregular meshes, and anisotropic texture mapping. In this paper, a new framework is proposed for accurate curvature estimation in discrete surfaces. The proposed framework is based on a local directional curve sampling of the surface where the sampling frequency can be controlled. This local model has a large number of degrees of freedoms compared with known techniques and, so, can better represent the local geometry. The proposed framework is quantitatively evaluated and compared with common techniques for surface curvature estimation. In order to perform an unbiased evaluation in which smoothing effects are factored out, we use a set of randomly generated Bezier surface patches for which the curvature values can be analytically computed. It is demonstrated that, through the establishment of sampling conditions, the error in estimations obtained by the proposed framework is smaller and that the proposed framework is less sensitive to low sampling density, sampling irregularities, and sampling noise.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computer Graphics', 'Image Enhancement', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Sample Size', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 16,144,254
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.108', 'L01.296.110'], ['E01.370.350.600.350', 'L01.224.308.380'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['L01.224.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thermogravimetric and decomposition kinetic studies of Mesua ferrea L. deoiled cake.
|
The present study aims to explore the physico-chemical properties of Mesua ferrea L. (Iron wood tree) deoiled cake (MFDC) and decomposition parameters for thermochemical methods of conversion. The physico-chemical characteristics of MFDC were investigated by bomb calorimetry, TG/DTA (10, 20 and 40°C min(-1)), elemental analysis (CHN) and FTIR spectroscopy. The proximate composition was calculated using standard ASTM methodology. The temperature profile, activation energy (E), pre-exponential factor (A) and reaction order (n) for the active pyrolysis zone of the species under investigation have been provided for the respective heating rates using Arrhenius, Coats-Redfern, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Global independent reactions model. The current investigation suggests that within the realm of existing biomass conversion technologies, MFDC can be used as a feedstock for thermochemical conversion.
|
['Kinetics', 'Malpighiaceae', 'Models, Chemical', 'Plant Oils', 'Regression Analysis', 'Temperature', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Waste Products']
| 23,644,072
|
[['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.690'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['E05.196.904'], ['D20.944', 'N06.850.460.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Properties of neuroprotective cell-permeant Ca2+ chelators: effects on [Ca2+]i and glutamate neurotoxicity in vitro.
|
1. Cell-permeant Ca2+ chelators such as 1,2-bis-(2-amino-phenoxy)ethane- N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM) protect neurons against excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo. Here we provide the first steps toward characterizing the mechanisms by which these agents produce their neuroprotective effects. 2. Cultured mouse spinal neurons were simultaneously loaded with the Ca2+ indicator fura-2 and with one of three permeant chelators derived from the fast Ca2+ buffer BAPTA, or with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester (EGTA-AM). Adding these chelators did not interfere with the fluorescence spectrum of fura-2 and had no effect on baseline [Ca2+]i. 3. The neurons were challenged with 250 microM L-glutamate for 50 min, producing a marked transient [Ca2+]i increase followed by a decay of [Ca2+]i to a lower "plateau." About 80% of control neurons succumbed to this excitotoxic insult. Neurons that survived adjusted their plateau [Ca2+]i to lower levels than those that succumbed. 4. Neurons that were pretreated with permeant Ca2+ chelators became more resistant to these neurotoxic challenges. 5. We examined whether this reduction in glutamate neurotoxicity could be related to the given buffer's known Ca2+ affinity (Kd), its Ca2+ binding kinetics, and its ability to attenuate glutamate-induced [Ca2+]i increases. 6. Pretreatment of neurons with BAPTA analogues having Kds ranging from 100 to 3,600 microM 1) attenuated the amplitude and 2) lengthened the time constant describing the rise and decay of the glutamate-evoked [Ca2+]i transient. The magnitude of these effects paralleled the affinity of the chelator for Ca2+. 7. BAPTA-AM and its analogues dramatically attenuated the early neurotoxicity of glutamate, reducing cell deaths by up to 80%. However, in contrast with the graded effects of chelators having different Ca2+ affinities on Ca2+ transients, all BAPTA analogues were equally protective. These protective effects did not relate to the chelators' Ca2+ affinity within a Kd range of 100 nM (for BAPTA) to 3,600 nM (for 5,5'-dibromo BAPTA). 8. BAPTA-AM protected neurons in a concentration-dependent manner with 50% protection obtained with 10 microM, a concentration having no effect on the [Ca2+]i transient amplitude. 9. EGTA, a slow Ca2+ buffer with a similar Ca2+ affinity to BAPTA produced the same effects as BAPTA on [Ca2+]i transient kinetics. However, it was far less protective than BAPTA. 10. The time course of early glutamate neurotoxicity was altered by the BAPTA analogues, but not EGTA. BAPTA analogues caused a small increase in cell deaths in the first minutes of each experiment, followed by relative sparing from further neurodegeneration. 11. The ability of low Ca2+ affinity chelators such as 5,5'-dibromo BAPTA to protect neurons without markedly attenuating measured [Ca2+]i increases conflicts with the hypothesis that global elevations in [Ca2+]i are responsible for triggering neurotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Fetus', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Mice', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Neurons', 'Spinal Cord', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 7,823,112
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['A16.378'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.854'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two novel alleles, HLA-B*46:01:11 and HLA-B*51:01:39 were identified in Chinese bone marrow donors.
|
HLA-B*46:01:11 has 219 G>A compared with HLA-B*46:01:01, and HLA-B*51:01:39 shows 561 G>A with HLA-B*51:01:01.
|
['Alleles', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Base Sequence', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Exons', 'Genotype', 'HLA-B Antigens', 'HLA-B51 Antigen', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tissue Donors']
| 26,104,872
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.500', 'D12.776.543.550.439.500', 'D23.050.301.500.100.500', 'D23.050.301.500.450.380', 'D23.050.705.552.100.500', 'D23.050.705.552.450.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.500.510', 'D12.776.543.550.439.500.510', 'D23.050.301.500.100.500.510', 'D23.050.301.500.450.380.510', 'D23.050.705.552.100.500.510', 'D23.050.705.552.450.380.510'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The name-letter-effect in groups: sharing initials with group members increases the quality of group work.
|
Although the name-letter-effect has been demonstrated reliably in choice contexts, recent research has called into question the existence of the name-letter-effect-the tendency among people to make choices that bear remarkable similarity with the letters in their own name. In this paper, we propose a connection between the name-letter-effect and interpersonal, group-level behavior that has not been previously captured in the literature. Specifically, we suggest that sharing initials with other group members promotes positive feelings toward those group members that in turn affect group outcomes. Using both field and laboratory studies, we found that sharing initials with group members cause groups to perform better by demonstrating greater performance, collective efficacy, adaptive conflict, and accuracy (on a hidden-profile task). Although many studies have investigated the effects of member similarity on various outcomes, our research demonstrates how minimal a degree of similarity among members is sufficient to influence quality of group outcomes.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Names', 'Quality Improvement', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 24,236,087
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F01.829.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.598.400.556'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Non-Orthogonal Random Access in MIMO Cognitive Radio Networks: Beamforming, Power Allocation, and Opportunistic Transmission.
|
We study secondary random access in multi-input multi-output cognitive radio networks, where a slotted ALOHA-type protocol and successive interference cancellation are used. We first introduce three types of transmit beamforming performed by secondary users, where multiple antennas are used to suppress the interference at the primary base station and/or to increase the received signal power at the secondary base station. Then, we show a simple decentralized power allocation along with the equivalent single-antenna conversion. To exploit the multiuser diversity gain, an opportunistic transmission protocol is proposed, where the secondary users generating less interference are opportunistically selected, resulting in a further reduction of the interference temperature. The proposed methods are validated via computer simulations. Numerical results show that increasing the number of transmit antennas can greatly reduce the interference temperature, while increasing the number of receive antennas leads to a reduction of the total transmit power. Optimal parameter values of the opportunistic transmission protocol are examined according to three types of beamforming and different antenna configurations, in terms of maximizing the cognitive transmission capacity. All the beamforming, decentralized power allocation, and opportunistic transmission protocol are performed by the secondary users in a decentralized manner, thus resulting in an easy implementation in practice.
|
['Algorithms', 'Artifacts', 'Cognition', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Computer Simulation', 'Radio Waves', 'Wireless Technology']
| 28,076,402
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.047'], ['F02.463.188'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.358.500.505.810', 'G01.750.250.810', 'G01.750.770.721'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Central nervous system toxicity associated with meperidine use in hepatic disease.
|
Meperidine-associated central nervous system (CNS) excitatory toxicities are believed to be caused by accumulation of the active metabolite normeperidine. Normeperidine is eliminated by the kidneys and accumulates in patients with renal insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and cancer. In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy. Although the elimination of normeperidine is decreased as well in these patients, the ratio of normeperidine to meperidine is generally low, and the narcotic effects of meperidine usually predominate. This is the first reported case of CNS excitatory toxicities in a patient with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and normal renal function. Administration of multiple doses of meperidine in patients with hepatic disease should be discouraged.
|
['Adult', 'Central Nervous System Diseases', 'Chronic Disease', 'Delirium', 'Hallucinations', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Meperidine', 'Pancreatitis', 'Tremor']
| 8,197,046
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['C10.597.606.762.300', 'C23.888.592.604.764.300', 'F01.700.750.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['D03.066.399.450', 'D03.383.621.349.450'], ['C06.689.750'], ['C10.597.350.850', 'C23.888.592.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Weaning management of newly received beef calves with or without continuous exposure to a persistently infected bovine viral diarrhea virus pen mate: effects on health, performance, bovine viral diarrhea virus titers, and peripheral blood leukocytes.
|
Exposure to animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) results in immunomodulation of cohorts that may have health and growth consequences; however, effects may differ in low-risk, preconditioned (PC) vs. high-risk, auction market (AM) beef cattle. Our objective was to compare health and performance of PC or AM management systems with (PI) or without (CON) presence of a PI-BVDV pen mate using a 2 ? 2 factorial arrangement. Four shipment blocks of crossbred PC steers (n = 236) from 3 ranch-origins were weaned, dewormed, vaccinated, tested for PI-BVDV, and kept on the ranch for ?42 d. Subsequently, PC steers were transported to a stocker receiving unit (RU), weighed (251 ± 2 kg), blood sampled, stratified by d -1 BW, and assigned randomly to treatment (PCPI or PCCON) with no additional processing. Simultaneously, 4 blocks of crossbred AM calves (n = 292) were assembled from regional auction markets and transported to the RU ± 36 h from PC arrival. The AM calves were weighed (245 ± 1.3 kg), stratified by gender and d -1 BW, processed under the same regimen used for PC steers at their origin ranch except bull calves were castrated, and then assigned randomly to treatment (AMPI or AMCON). Treatment pens (0.45 ha) were arranged spatially such that PI did not have fence-line or water source contact with CON. Calves were fed identically and followed the same antibiotic treatment protocol. Daily BW gain for the entire 42-d receiving trial was greater (P < 0.001) for PC (1.2 kg) compared with AM (0.85 kg). There was an exposure effect (P = 0.002) on ADG from d 28 to 42; CON gained 1.12 kg vs. 0.90 kg BW for PI cohort. Morbidity was markedly greater (P < 0.001) in AM (70%) vs. PC (7%), resulting in (P < 0.001) an antibiotic treatment cost of $20.52 and $2.48/animal, respectively. Treatment with a third antibiotic occurred more often (P = 0.04) for PI cohort, and the percentage of chronically ill cattle was greatest (P = 0.06) for AMPI. Upon arrival, BVDV type 1a, 1b, and 2a titers were greater for PC (treatment ? day, P < 0.001), and the percentage seropositive to BVDV type 1a on d 0 was 100% for PC vs. 23% in AM. Platelets increased transiently (P < 0.001) with greater platelets observed in AM (P < 0.001). Results indicate that PC calves gain faster and require fewer antibiotic treatments during the receiving period. Exposure to PI reduced BW gain from d 28 to 42, increased the number of calves treated thrice, and increased chronically ill cattle for AM.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'Body Weight', 'Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex', 'Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease', 'Cattle', 'Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral', 'Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Weaning']
| 22,648,754
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C01.748.085', 'C08.730.085', 'C22.196.090'], ['C01.925.782.350.675.106', 'C22.196.106'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.150.100'], ['B04.820.578.344.700.150.120'], ['N06.850.335.875'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G07.203.650.220.500.750', 'G07.203.650.915']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
March 2000: 5 month old boy with occipital bone mass.
|
A 5 month old boy was found by his mother to have a bony mass behind the left ear which extended intracranially on MRI scan. At surgery it was entirely extradural in location. Microscopically, a biphasic appearance consisting of large pigmented cells arranged into tubules and small nonpigmented basophilic cells arranged into nests gave rise to a diagnosis of melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy [MNETI]. One year after a wide local excision the patient is tumor-free and developing normally. The prognosis for MNETI in general is excellent with no requirement for additional radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
|
['Humans', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neuroectodermal Tumor, Melanotic', 'Occipital Bone', 'Skull Neoplasms']
| 10,764,053
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.630', 'C04.557.580.625.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.572'], ['C04.588.149.721', 'C05.116.231.754']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
AIDS and the WHO Collaborating Centres: memorandum from a WHO meeting.
|
The important role of WHO Collaborating Centres in international cooperation and action to control and prevent the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the affected countries, and eventually worldwide, was emphasized at a meeting in Geneva on 25-26 September 1985. The participants reviewed the progress that had been made in the past few months and recognized that WHO activities related to the control of LAV/HTLV-III infections and associated diseases, particularly AIDS, are likely to increase rapidly during the next few years. They therefore recommended the assignment of responsibility within WHO to ensure optimal coordination of activities involving the Collaborating Centres, the Organization, and the countries.
|
['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Viral Vaccines', 'World Health Organization']
| 3,879,671
|
[['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.215.894.899'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[First experiences with the new financing system and health care plans].
|
Our experience on the new health reimbursement system and further plans for secondary care. The author gives a short review about the steps of the health reform emphasizing the importance of initiation of performance based reimbursement which has supported to reach the aims of our reform. The results of the new reimbursement system, its practical difficulties, the actions taken to overcome them are also presented. It can be stated that no theoretical objection has been arised against the performance based reimbursement. A committee has been elected for the necessary continuous maintenance of the system. The equalization of the facilities, the reconstruction process of the hospitals, the investments financed by the World Bank loans are the conditions of the further reforms. The program "For the Healthier Nation" is the most important contribution to our health reform. Financially this program based on the "The Health Promotion Foundation".
|
['Health Care Reform', 'Health Promotion', 'Hungary', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement']
| 8,146,005
|
[['I01.655.500.608.400.285', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.285', 'N03.349.285', 'N03.623.500.608.428.285', 'N04.590.374.285', 'N05.300.380'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['Z01.542.248.495'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Fall prevalence in people with multiple sclerosis who use wheelchairs and scooters.
|
Falls are a serious health concern for persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) who use wheelchairs or scooters as their primary mode of mobility. Unfortunately, little is known about the fall prevalence and characteristics of this large segment of the multiple sclerosis (MS) community. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and circumstances of falls in wheelchair and scooter users living with MS. Forty-four PwMS were recruited from research and medical centers in the United States and Asia. Participants completed a survey focusing on prevalence of falls, frequency of injurious falls, circumstances of the fall, and various quality of life indicators. A total of 44 individuals (32 females/11 males/1 not reported) aged 27 to 82 years (mean = 58 yrs) completed the survey. Seventy-five percent (n = 33) reported falling at least once in 6 months and 48% (n = 12) of those that fell sustained an injury. The majority (87.5%) of the falls occurred inside the home. Most individuals (76.7%; n = 33) reported concerns about falling and 65.9% (n = 29) limited their activities because of their concern of falling. Falls are prevalent in wheelchair and scooter users with MS. The observations highlight the need for interventions targeting this segment of the MS community.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Georgia', 'Humans', 'Illinois', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mobility Limitation', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Prevalence', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Wheelchairs']
| 28,858,096
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.250', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.550'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E07.796.980']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Systematic set-up errors for IMRT in the head and neck region: effect on dose distribution.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a general concern about intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments being more sensitive to patient positioning than conventional treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the International Commission on radiation units and measurements (ICRU) method for taking systematic set-up errors into account for IMRT treatments and to compare the effects on the dose distribution with the effects of conventional treatments.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A planning margin to account for set-up errors was added to the clinical target volumes and to the spinal cords, for three head and neck patients, according to the ICRU. No margin was added to organs at risk with mainly parallel structure if they were situated adjacent to the target volume, for example, the parotid glands. The effects of set-up errors in six IMRT plans and three conventional plans were simulated in the planning system and analysed with physical dose parameters.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In general, the ICRU method of taking set-up errors into account works satisfactorily for IMRT treatments as well as for conventional treatments with no difference between the treatment techniques. The sensitivity to set-up errors regarding the target volume is dependent on the quality of the treatment plan, i.e. the part of the target covered with a dose >95 and <105% and the effect in the critical organs is dependent on the sharpness of the dose gradients outside the critical organ. However, the method makes it difficult to include organs at risk with mainly parallel structure if they are situated adjacent to the target volume.
|
['Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Parotid Gland', 'Radiotherapy', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted', 'Spinal Cord']
| 12,742,270
|
[['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.500.760.464', 'A10.336.779.464', 'A14.549.760.464'], ['E02.815'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E02.815.635', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epigallocatechin gallate protects BEAS-2B cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through upregulation of gastrin-releasing peptide.
|
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) plays a major role in the development and maintenance of lung epithelial cells by promoting cell division, whereas its suppression causes growth arrest and apoptosis. The present study shows that human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria, downregulated GRP expression and induced apoptosis via upregulation of p53 and active caspase-3, signifying the importance of GRP in lung epithelial cell survival. However, in the presence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, BEAS-2B cells resisted LPS-induced apoptosis and restored the expression of GRP and its downstream effectors such as epidermal growth factor receptor and NF-êB, as analysed by immunoblotting and qPCR. Based on our findings, we objectify that cytoprotective functions of EGCG, via upregulation of GRP in cells challenged with LPS, are novel and can be further explored in a therapeutic point of view for diseases such as septic shock.
|
['Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bronchi', 'Catechin', 'Cell Line', 'Gastrin-Releasing Peptide', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Up-Regulation']
| 28,432,554
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A04.411.125'], ['D03.383.663.283.240.190', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.206', 'D03.633.100.150.240.190', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.206'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D06.472.317.410', 'D12.644.400.315', 'D12.776.631.650.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Construction of plasmid expression vector for specific peptide of the rubella virus E1 gene].
|
OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant plasmid vector of the RV specific fragment for expressing the specific fragment of RV E1 protein.METHODS: RNA of the RV attenuated live vaccine Wistar RA27/3 strain was extracted and reversely transcribed. The specific fragment of the E1 gene was amplified and the PCR products cloned in the vector pGEX-2T after purification. Positive clones were selected and identified by two-enzyme digestion and sequence analysis.RESULTS: A 330 bp target fragment was successfully cloned, and the sequence of the recombinant plasmid was consistent with the original sequence.CONCLUSION: Successful cloning of the RV El specific fragment and the construction of the recombinant plasmid have laid a foundation for further expressing the recombinant protein.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rubella virus', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 19,472,904
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.337'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['B04.820.578.875.700.700'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The effect of gender on the physician's role. Attitudes and expectations of medical students examined by a questionnaire at the start of their studies].
|
A questionnaire was given to 254 medical students matriculated in 1992/93 concerning their motivation for wanting to become a doctor, attitudes towards which qualities a doctor should have and their potential choice of medical specialty. The analysis focuses on whether answers are relation-orientated (i.e. directed towards relations to others) or autonomy-orientated (i.e. directed towards rationality and independence). The results show that motivations for becoming a doctor are both relation- and autonomy-orientated. Most students expect the doctor to both be able to relate to the patient and be professionally competent. No gender differences could be demonstrated concerning motivations for becoming a doctor or which qualities a good doctor should possess. Significant gender differences were displayed concerning choice of specialty, most women aiming towards relation-orientated specialties and most men aiming towards autonomy-orientated specialties. It is concluded that the growing proportion of women doctors could change the medical profession towards becoming more patient- and relation-orientated, however their choice of relation-orientated and lower prestige specialties could result in less overall influence than one might otherwise expect.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Motivation', "Physician's Role", 'Sex Factors', 'Students, Medical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 7,676,529
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A new method for estimating HIV incidence from a single cross-sectional survey.
|
Estimating incidence from cross-sectional data sources is both important to the understanding of the HIV epidemic and challenging from a methodological standpoint. We develop a new incidence estimator that measures the size of the undiagnosed population and the amount of time spent undiagnosed in order to infer incidence and transmission rates. The estimator is calculated using commonly collected information on testing history and HIV status and, thus, can be deployed in many HIV surveys without additional cost. If ART biomarker status and/or viral load information is available, the estimator can be adjusted for biases in self-reported testing history. The performance of the estimator is explored in two large surveys in Kenya, where we find our point estimates to be consistent with assay-derived estimates, with much smaller standard errors.
|
['Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Kenya', 'Male', 'Viral Load']
| 32,785,257
|
[['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['Z01.058.290.120.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Karyotype determination and gene mapping in two clinical isolates of Penicillium marneffei.
|
Electrophoretic karyotypes from two clinical isolates of Penicillium marneffei were derived using contoured-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis. Five chromosome-sized DNA fragments were resolved from each isolate. Chromosomal length polymorphisms were evident among the three largest molecules. Based upon these electrophoretic separation patterns, individual chromosomes were estimated to range in size from 2.0 to > or = 6.3 Mbp with a total genome size of 20.6 to > or = 21.6 Mbp. However, Southern blot analysis using a telomeric probe suggests that P. marneffei may possess as many as seven chromosomes, including two pairs of molecules that co-migrate under the CHEF separation conditions employed in this study. Hence, the total genome size of P. marneffei may be as large as 25.7 to > or = 26.7 Mbp. Further hybridization analysis mapped four chitin synthase homologues to specific chromosomes as well as genes for chitinase, malate synthase, isocitrate lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, 5.8S rRNA, and 23S rRNA. The mapping analyses also suggested the existence of multiple chitinase gene homologues in P. marneffei. The collective results of this investigation provide additional foundations for facilitating the genetic characterization of P. marneffei and the molecular epidemiology of penicilliosis due to this fungus.
|
['Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Fungal', 'DNA, Fungal', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Genes, rRNA', 'Humans', 'Karyotyping', 'Mycoses', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Penicillium']
| 18,668,421
|
[['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.360', 'A19.311', 'G05.360.162.360'], ['D13.444.308.300'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C01.150.703'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['B01.300.381.662']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phylogeography and species boundaries of the western North American Nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata): revisiting the subspecies concept.
|
The subspecies concept has received considerable debate throughout the past century. Subspecies were originally used to delineate potential incipient species, but were later employed to simply capture geographical variation. There is a recent trend to eliminate the trinomial in light of new evidence. Discrete, diagnosable lineages are elevated to specific status, while those that show clinal variation and/or appear to represent ecological pattern classes are placed in synonymy with the parent species and the subspecific epithets are disregarded. Here, I examine the species boundaries of nightsnakes (Hypsiglena torquata) using standard phylogeographic methods and mtDNA data from 178 individuals. Previously, seventeen subspecies of H. torquata were described. In this study, I recognize six species in what was previously considered H. torquata: one is novel, two were previously recognized subspecies, while the remaining three are wide-spread, polymorphic lineages, composed of multiple subspecies. I make the case to maintain the subspecific lineages in these wide-ranging species because they are geographically cohesive, morphologically discrete, and may represent incipient species within each complex, which have not yet achieved speciation. These subspecies are maintained, not only pending future investigations, but because they provide a useful identity for the taxonomy of this diverse lineage.
|
['Animals', 'Colubridae', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Genetic Speciation', 'Geography', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'North America', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']
| 18,226,930
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.750'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.045.350', 'G16.075.350'], ['H01.277.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['Z01.107.567'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro inhibition of metal complexes of pyrazole based sulfonamide on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II.
|
Sulfonamides represent an important class of biologically active compounds. A sulfonamide possessing carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties obtained from a pyrazole based sulfonamide, ethyl 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-((5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (1), and its metal complexes with the Ni(II) for (2), Cu(II) for (3) and Zn(II) for (4) have been synthesized. The structures of metal complexes (2-4) were established on the basis of their elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis and MS spectral data. The inhibition of two human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoenzymes I and II, with 1 and synthesized complexes (2-4) and acetazolamide (AAZ) as a control compound was investigated in vitro by using the hydratase and esterase assays. The complexes 2, 3 and 4 showed inhibition constant in the range 0.1460-0.3930 µM for hCA-I and 0.0740-0.0980 µM for hCA-II, and they had effective more inhibitory activity on hCA-I and hCA-II than corresponding free ligand 1 and than AAZ.
|
['Carbonic Anhydrase I', 'Carbonic Anhydrase II', 'Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Isoenzymes', 'Metals, Heavy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Pyrazoles', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Sulfonamides']
| 28,114,829
|
[['D08.811.520.241.300.150.100'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150.200'], ['D27.505.519.389.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D01.268.556', 'D01.552.544'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.691'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3.
|
A murine monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein (GP)IIIa was prepared by immunization with a GPIIb- and GPIIIa-enriched Triton X-114 extract of platelet membranes. This antibody, designated AP-3, was shown by indirect immunoprecipitation to react solely with GPIIIa derived from either P1A1-positive or -negative individuals. The epitope on GPIIIa recognized by AP-3 is expressed on dissociated GPIIIa as well as on Ca+2-dependent complexes of GPIIb and GPIIIa, as shown by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of EDTA. A previously described monoclonal antibody specific for the GPIIb/IIIa complex (AP-2) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen, or arachidonic acid (Pidard et al, J Biol Chem 258:12582-12586, 1983). In contrast, AP-3 had no effect on aggregation induced by any of these reagents, a finding similar to that previously reported for the GPIIb-specific monoclonal antibody, Tab (McEver et al, J Clin Invest 66:1311-1318, 1980). At saturation, 40,200 AP-3 molecules were bound per platelet, a value similar to that obtained for AP-2 or Tab. Thus, data derived using AP-3 indicate that significant amounts of free GPIIIa are not present, thereby supporting the hypothesis that GPIIb and GPIIIa exist complexed in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the plasma membrane of intact, nonactivated platelets.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Blood Platelets', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Isoantigens', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins']
| 3,155,488
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.050.705'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D12.776.395.550.625', 'D12.776.543.550.625', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of a Candida glabrata prosthetic endovascular infection with posaconazole.
|
A 63-year-old man with a history of cirrhosis of the liver developed Candida glabrata fungemia after undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement. Treatment with oral fluconazole was initially effective, but when the patient became neutropenic, subsequent blood cultures grew C. glabrata and a thrombus developed, which partially occluded the stent. Despite treatment with fluconazole, blood cultures remained positive for C. glabrata. Treatment with posaconazole resulted in clinical improvement and the patient had only intermittently positive fungal cultures for 6 weeks. A CT scan showed resolution of the inferior vena cava thrombus. Subsequently, the patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic encephalopathy and became noncompliant with posaconazole. Blood cultures again became positive for C. glabrata. The patient died a few weeks after the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the cause of death was believed to be worsening liver dysfunction, not C. glabrata infection. Posaconazole had controlled the infection for about 3 months prior to his death. In conclusion, posaconazole may be a useful option in the management of prosthetic endovascular infections caused by C. glabrata.
|
['Candida glabrata', 'Candidiasis', 'Drug Resistance, Fungal', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Fluconazole', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic', 'Triazoles']
| 16,702,108
|
[['B01.300.107.795.095.400', 'B01.300.381.147.400', 'B01.300.930.176.400'], ['C01.150.703.160'], ['G06.225.383', 'G07.690.773.984.269.383'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D03.383.129.799.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.035.760.795', 'E04.100.814.868.937.830'], ['D03.383.129.799']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The value of stress single photon emission computed tomography in patients without known coronary artery disease presenting with dyspnea.
|
BACKGROUND: Dyspnea is a complex system with multiple etiologies, including myocardial ischemia ("anginal equivalent"). Few studies have examined the utility of stress testing to detect coronary artery disease in this setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, severity, and prognostic value of perfusion defects detected by stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in patients with dyspnea.METHODS: SPECT imaging was performed in 1864 patients (age 65.8 +/- 10.2 years, 52% male, 23% diabetic, 89% overweight/obese) without known coronary artery disease referred for evaluation of dyspnea. Dyspnea was rated mild, moderate, or severe. SPECT scans were categorized low, intermediate, or high risk. The associations of stress SPECT imaging results with clinical variables and mortality were analyzed.RESULTS: An abnormal perfusion SPECT image was present in 45% of patients and a high-risk scan in 11%. Male sex, diabetes, and clinical severity of dyspnea were the strongest predictors of both an abnormal and high-risk SPECT scan. A high-risk scan was present in 5% of nondiabetic women with mild dyspnea versus 22% of diabetic men with dyspnea of any severity. At 10 years, survival by SPECT scan category was low risk 75%, intermediate risk 68%, and high risk 53% (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: In this population of older overweight patients referred for evaluation of dyspnea, there was a high prevalence of abnormal (45%) and high-risk (11%) SPECT scans. High-risk scans were associated with much worse 10-year survival.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dyspnea', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 16,923,430
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E01.171'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Steric zipper formed by hydrophobic peptide fragment of Syrian hamster prion protein.
|
Steric zippers, where the residues of two neighboring â-sheet layers are tightly interdigitated, have been proposed as fundamental structural units of amyloid fibrils by Eisenberg and co-workers. The steric zipper formed by polypeptides containing the palindromic sequence AGAAAAGA has a distinctive feature that the distance between two interdigitated â-sheet layers is comparable to the interstrand distance of the individual â-sheet. This structural motif is of great interest in the study of prion disease because the AGAAAAGA sequence is highly conserved in prion proteins of different species. In this work, the amyloid fibrils formed by the polypeptides of PrP(113-127), viz. Ac-AGAAAAGAVVGGLGG-NH(2), are taken as the model compound to investigate the biophysical principles governing the steric zipper formation. The target fibrils adopt the structural motif of class 7 steric zipper, which is formed by stacking of antiparallel â-sheet layers with residue 117 + k forming backbone hydrogen bonds to residue 120 - k. Implication of our results in the infectivity of scrapie prion is briefly discussed.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cricetinae', 'Mesocricetus', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Prions', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared']
| 21,749,158
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.785'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Exploring the charge nurse role: holding the frontline.
|
This study describes the experience of being a charge nurse in acute-care practice. The charge nurse role has become instrumental in achieving safe and effective outcomes. The role remains poorly defined with little focus on charge nurse development. This qualitative study used a descriptive exploratory method. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 charge nurses from 4 acute-care facilities. Eight themes emerged to describe the experience of being a charge nurse in acute-care practice. Findings can be used by nursing executives to emphasize the importance of this role to the organization and support leadership development at the charge nurse level.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Clinical Competence', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Florida', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Leadership', 'Middle Aged', "Nurse's Role", 'Nursing, Supervisory', 'Patient Safety', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care']
| 23,100,000
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F01.752.609'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['N04.452.758.377.750'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rationale, design and methodology for the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey.
|
As recently as 1990, there was no reservation-wide, population-based health status information about Navajo Indians. To remedy this shortcoming, the Navajo Health and Nutrition Survey was conducted from 1991 to 1992 to assess the health and nutritional status of Navajo Reservation residents using a population-based sample. Using a three-stage design, a representative sample of reservation households was selected for inclusion. All members of selected households 12 y of age and older were invited to participate. A total of 985 people in 459 households participated in the study. Survey protocols were modeled on those of previous national surveys and included a standard blood chemistry profile, complete blood count, oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, a single 24-h dietary recall and a questionnaire on health behaviors. The findings from this survey, reported in the accompanying papers, inform efforts to prevent and control chronic disease among the Navajo. Lessons learned from this survey may be of interest to those conducting similar surveys in other American Indian and Alaska Native populations.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Child', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Indians, North American', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Research Design', 'Southwestern United States']
| 9,339,173
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.600'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Controlling mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into contractile smooth muscle cells on a TiO2 micro/nano interface: Towards benign pericytes environment for endothelialization.
|
Building healthy and oriented smooth muscle cells (SMCs) environment is an effective method for improving the surface endothelialization of the cardiovascular implants. However, a long-term and stable source of SMCs for implantation without immune rejection and inflammation has not been solved, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation may be a good choice. In this work, two types of TiO2 micro/nano interfaces were fabricated on titanium surface by photolithography and anodic oxidation. These TiO2 micro/nano interfaces were used to regulate the differentiation of the MSCs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) detection showed that the TiO2 micro/nano interfaces possessed the anatase crystal structure, suggesting good cytocompatibility. The CCK-8 results indicated the TiO2 micro/nano interfaces improved MSC proliferation, further immunofluorescence staining and calculation of the cell morphology index proved the micro/nano surfaces also elongated MSCs and regulated MSCs oriented growth. The specific staining of á-SMA, CNN-1, vWF, CD44 and CD133 markers revealed that the micro/nano surfaces induced MSCs differentiation to contractile SMCs, and the endothelial cells (ECs) culture experiment indicated that the MSCs induced by micro/nano interfaces contributed to the ECs attachment and proliferation. This method will be further studied and applied for the surface modification of the cardiovascular implants.
|
['AC133 Antigen', 'Actins', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Pericytes', 'Titanium', 'X-Ray Diffraction', 'von Willebrand Factor']
| 27,232,304
|
[['D12.776.395.550.007', 'D12.776.543.550.023'], ['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D12.776.157.125'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.735.200.625', 'D12.776.395.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.395.650.750.281', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.144', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.144', 'D23.050.301.350.625.144'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['D05.750.078.730', 'D12.776.220.525'], ['A11.620.520'], ['A07.015.700.750', 'A10.272.491.677', 'A11.710', 'A16.504.660.600'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965'], ['D12.776.124.125.920', 'D23.119.985']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The retinal nerve fiber layer of patients with neuromyelitis optica and chronic relapsing optic neuritis is more severely damaged than patients with multiple sclerosis.
|
BACKGROUND: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in eyes of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION).METHODS: Evaluation of 62 patients with RRMS, NMO, and CRION in a cross-sectional study with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.RESULTS: A total of 124 eyes were evaluated (96 RRMS, 18 NMO, and 10 CRION). Frequency of optic neuritis for each disease was: 34% for RRMS, 84% for NMO, and 100% for CRION. Visual acuity and RNFL thickness were significantly worse in NMO and CRION eyes than in RRMS, but there were no differences between NMO and CRION eyes. A RNFL of 41 ìm was 100% specific for optic neuritis associated with NMO and CRION when compared to RRMS.CONCLUSION: This study established RNFL values to differentiate optic neuritis of RRMS from NMO and CRION. Although similarities observed between NMO and CRION eyes might suggest that they are within the same disease spectrum, it is still recommended that these 2 conditions be differentiated on clinical grounds. Optical coherence tomography serves as an additional diagnostic tool and can be used to monitor disease progression.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Neuromyelitis Optica', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Retina', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 23,917,443
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['C10.114.375.600.500', 'C10.114.375.800', 'C10.292.700.550.500', 'C10.314.350.600.500', 'C10.314.350.800', 'C11.640.576.695', 'C20.111.258.250.550.500', 'C20.111.258.250.775'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['A09.371.729'], ['A08.675.650.850.875', 'A09.371.729.831.875', 'A11.671.650.850.875'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[The influence of the diet with different content of magnesium on certain chemical and physical properties of the bones].
|
The influence of the diet with different magnesium content on chosen chemical and physical properties of bones of young rats was investigated. In the first part of the work the influence of the calcium level in the diet on the content of magnesium and some other mineral constituents in bone was also studied. The investigations were carried out on growing Wistar rats weighing 96-100 g. During 21 days the animals were fed the following semi-synthetic diets: a) with different content of calcium: 0,214, 0,418, 0,610, 0,815% Ca and the same level of magnesium (av. 554 ppm Mg), b) with different content of magnesium and the same level of calcium (av. 0,614% Ca). The content of phosphorus was the same (0,440%) in all the diets. The control diet contained: 0,610% Ca, 0,44% P and 550 ppm Mg. After 21 days of experiment the animals were killed by anesthesia and the femurs and humeri were isolated. They constituted the material for investigations. The results of the investigations showed that the variable level of calcium (from 0,214% to 0,815%) in the diet with the same level of magnesium did not influence the content of magnesium and phosphorus in dry fat-free weight of bones. The body weight of rats fed the diets with different content of calcium was very similar to the control group. On the contrary the weight of femurs and calcium content in dry fat-free weight of bones of rats fed the diet with the lowest level of calcium (0,214%), were smaller than in the control group. In the group of rats fed the diet with 60 ppm Mg the visual symptoms of magnesium deficiency appeared after 7 days of the experiment. After 21 days the body weight and length of bones in this group were smaller than in the control group. Also the content of magnesium and phosphorus in dry fat-free weight of bones, breaking strength, and the strength of twisting destroying moment of bones were lower in this group of rats as compared with the control one (for most indices p less than 0,01). The group of rats fed the diet with 120 ppm Mg differed from the control group only by smaller content of magnesium in dry fat-free weight of bones. There was no statistically significant difference in the group of rats fed the diet with 2060 Mg regarding all indices except for the phosphorus from the control group.
|
['Animals', 'Bone and Bones', 'Calcium', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Diet', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnesium', 'Phosphorus', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tensile Strength']
| 7,349,395
|
[['B01.050'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.146.395'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['D01.268.666'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.374.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON). First neuro-pathological report outside Japan.
|
A 72-year-old Caucasian woman developed degeneration of the spinal cord long tracts, polyneuropathy, and optic atrophy after chronic ingestion of clioquinol (200 mg/day) since she was 45. Diseases with a similar clinical picture, notably vitamin B12 deficiency (B12D), and subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON), are discussed with regard to the pathologic findings. In our patient findings were different from those reported in B12D, but similar to those in SMON. If, as we believe, our patient was suffering from the same disease as the SMON described by Japanese authors, this is the first case reported outside Japan in which pathological verification has been obtained.
|
['Aged', 'Brain', 'Clioquinol', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Optic Atrophy', 'Optic Nerve', 'Spain', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Diseases']
| 6,460,092
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D03.633.100.810.350.625.400'], ['C10.314'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.737'], ['A08.675.542.512', 'A11.671.501.512', 'A11.671.514'], ['C10.292.700.225', 'C11.640.451'], ['A08.800.800.120.680'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Multiple acute stroke syndrome: marker of embolic disease?
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and etiologic significance of multiple acute ischemic lesions in stroke.BACKGROUND: Although patients may have more than one stroke during the course of their lives, acute ischemic stroke is usually thought of as a single event. Using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), an MRI technique that detects ischemic injury within minutes after onset, we have often observed multiple acute ischemic lesions.METHODS: The MRI scans of 59 consecutively studied patients were reviewed to determine the frequency and etiologic significance of multiple acute ischemic lesions on DWI.RESULTS: Multiple acute ischemic lesions were present in 10 (17%) of 59 patients. The lesions usually occurred within one major circulation (anterior or posterior), but in two patients (3%), lesions occurred in both cerebral hemispheres or in the anterior and the posterior circulations. The lesions often were small and resulted from presumed multiple emboli or the break-up of an embolus. Two patients had internal carotid artery occlusive disease and four had a cardiac or aortic source. In the other four patients the source was not determined. Lesions larger than 1 cm in diameter progressed to infarction, but some smaller lesions were not seen on follow-up T2-weighted imaging.CONCLUSIONS: Multiple acute stroke lesions on DWI are common and could be caused by multiple emboli or the breakup of an embolus. In some cases it might become possible to make early inferences concerning the stroke mechanism that could be of use for immediately directing the clinical work-up and treatment of the patient.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stroke', 'Syndrome']
| 10,680,802
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Human breathing patterns in hypercapnia and hypoxia].
|
In 3 young males with different types of breathing pattern, the responses of lung ventilation to hypercapnia and hypoxia were studied. Both kinds of the chemoreceptor activation of respiration increased the depth as well as the frequency of breathing. The subject with tachypnoic pattern of respiration responded to the hypercapnic and hypoxic stimuli mainly with an increase in the tidal volume whereas the bradypnoic subject almost exclusively responded with a faster breathing. The reasons for the above peculiarities are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Humans', 'Hypercapnia', 'Hypoxia', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Respiration', 'Time Factors']
| 6,409,678
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.544'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G09.772.705'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical presentation and natural history of chronic persistent hepatitis. A multicentre retrospective study on 1197 cases.
|
To obtain data on the clinical presentation and the course of the disease of biopsy-proven chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), we coordinated a multicentre retrospective study on 1197 patients observed in 16 liver units throughout Italy from 1975 to 1985. Most patients were asymptomatic and CPH was often diagnosed either after a chance finding of liver enlargement, or increased serum aminotransferases and/or HBsAg antigenemia. Of the 1197 patients, 534 (44.6%) were HBsAg-positive and 663 (55.4%) were HBsAg-negative. HBeAg was tested in 356 of the 534 positive cases and detected in 58.4% of them. This percentage was higher (80%) in patients under 20. Hepatitis delta virus infection (HD-Ag in liver tissue and/or anti-HD in serum) was detected in 28 (14.7%) of the 191 patients tested on presentation. Liver function tests showed mild hepatic involvement in both HBsAg-positive and negative cases, a pronounced derangement being observed only in patients with HDV infection. A second liver biopsy was performed in 212 patients (144 HBsAg positive and 68 HBsAg negative) and the outcome of the disease was evaluated only in these 212 patients. Of the 144 HBsAg-positive cases followed-up from one to ten years (median 4 years), 47 recovered, 70 remained unchanged and 27 developed chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. Clearance of HBsAg was uncommon even in patients who recovered. Being under 15 years of age favourably affected the course of the disease, while HDV infection was correlated to an unfavourable outcome. Among those patients who were HBeAg positive on presentation and who underwent a second affect the outcome. Of the 68 HBsAg-negative clearly affect the outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B e Antigens', 'Hepatitis D', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 1,742,503
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.469'], ['C01.925.440.450', 'C01.925.782.450', 'C06.552.380.705.450'], ['C06.552.380.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Artery-to-artery embolism from a thrombus formed in stenotic middle cerebral artery. Report of an autopsy case.
|
The authors report an autopsy case with repeated transient ischemic attacks and subsequent strokes demonstrating evidence of artery-to-artery embolism from thrombi generated in the stenotic middle cerebral artery to the distal cortical branches. This case substantiates the existence of intracranial artery-to-artery embolism as a cause of transient ischemic attacks and subsequent strokes, and has potential relevance for therapy.
|
['Aged', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Cerebrovascular Disorders', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient']
| 3,590,260
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.137'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['C10.228.140.300', 'C14.907.253'], ['C23.300.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.525', 'C14.907.253.566', 'C14.907.355.590.213'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Memory impairment among primary care veterans.
|
Memory impairment is the most frequent cognitive dysfunction for older patients. Though studies have shown that dementia is often overlooked in primary care settings, there has been minimal focus specifically on memory impairment, on patients' concerns about memory, or their desire to address these concerns. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the prevalence of memory impairment among patients without dementia diagnoses, (2) determine the degree of patients' concern about memory impairment and (3) identify other patient characteristics associated with memory impairment among older primary care patients. Using telephone versions of a four-item memory test and proxy-reported cognitive decline for patients unable to complete interviews, we performed memory assessment of randomly selected patients, 75 years and older, without dementia diagnoses who see primary care physicians at least twice every six months. Among 260 patients and 20 proxies, 19.8% had memory impairment at a level indicative of probable dementia. Adjusting for age, ethnicity, and education, subjects who were more concerned about memory impairment were more likely to be impaired. (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.4 (for each additional level of concern); 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.0-2.0)). Similarly, subjects wanting their physician to discuss with them their memory concerns were more likely to be impaired (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). Memory impairment is common among older primary care patients without diagnosed dementia. Knowing patients' concerns about memory impairment and their desire to discuss these concerns may facilitate cognitive screening in this setting.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Los Angeles', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Primary Health Care', 'Veterans']
| 17,612,808
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200.450', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200.450', 'Z01.433.565'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['M01.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Xanthine oxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious respiratory pathology characterized by irreversible limitation of expiratory flow and includes chronic obstructive bronchitis, chronic airflow limitation, and emphysema. To determine whether xanthine oxidase activity increased in the airspaces of COPD patients, we examined bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) from COPD patients recruited during a 2-year clinical study. Filtered BAL supernatant from COPD patients and healthy nonsmoking controls was examined by fluorometric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU) and spectrophotometric assays (cytochrome c reduction kinetics and uric acid kinetics). Compared to controls, filtered BAL supernatant of subjects with COPD exhibited a detectable clastogenic activity probably related to superoxide production. The method of BAL preparation as an acellular system strongly suggests that superoxide production may be due to xanthine oxidase activity.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cytochrome c Group', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutagens', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Superoxides', 'Uric Acid', 'Xanthine Oxidase']
| 8,818,629
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D08.244.286', 'D12.776.422.220.286'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C08.381.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['D03.132.960.877', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.877'], ['D08.811.682.047.928']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
NCF1 (p47phox) and ncf1 pseudogenes are not associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
|
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have a strong genetic component, contributing to a patient's susceptibility for inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). Linkage analysis has detected an IBD susceptibility locus in a region on chromosome 7q that encompasses the p47 (NCF1) gene and p47 (PsiNCF1) pseudogenes. Involvement of the NCF1 locus in IBD was supported by the observation that chronic inflammation of the bowel is a feature of chronic granulomatous disease caused by NCF1 mutation in 25% of cases. The pseudogenes have a dinucleotide deletion (PsiGT) at the beginning of exon 2, resulting in a frameshift and premature stop codon. APsiNCF1 (DeltaGT) to NCF1 (GTGT) ratio of 2:1 has been proposed as the predominant ratio in humans; but variability may occur after DNA exchange by recombination between PsiNCF1 and NCF1 to produce a potentially functional gene hybrid (type IIPsiNCF1). A preliminary study suggested an association between individuals with a 1:1 ratio and susceptibility to IBD. The possible presence of type IIPsiNCF1 was proposed as a susceptibility factor. We have now established the PsiNCF1 to NCF1 ratio for a significant number of IBD patients (n = 488) and control subjects (n = 181) and show that there is no statistically significant difference between the frequency of the 1:1 ratio in CD (11.2%) or UC (12.2%) patients and controls (13.4%). The 2:1 ratio was identified as the most common ratio (83.3%). Our data show there is no association of the 1:1 ratio with IBD and that susceptibility is unlikely to be a consequence of an inherited 1:1, rather than a 2:1 (PsiNCF1:NCF1) ratio.
|
['Case-Control Studies', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'DNA Primers', 'England', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Phosphoproteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Pseudogenes']
| 15,626,894
|
[['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.608.575', 'D12.776.331.894', 'D12.776.543.653'], ['D12.776.744'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Primate vascular responses to octimibate, a non-prostanoid agonist at the prostacyclin receptor.
|
1. Octimibate is a potent inhibitor of human platelet aggregation, and appears to act (at least in part) through the prostacyclin receptor, as described in the preceding paper. Here, the vascular effects, both in vitro and in vivo, of octimibate have been compared to those of the stable prostacyclin (PGI2) mimetic, iloprost. Since octimibate shows extensive species variation and is potent at inhibiting platelet aggregation in primates, all of the experiments reported here have been carried out with primate tissue or in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys. 2. Activation of adenylyl cyclase in human lung membranes appears to involve stimulation of the vascular PGI2 receptor. Octimibate, as well as iloprost, stimulates adenylyl cyclase in this preparation. The EC50 values for iloprost and octimibate are 50 nM and 340 nM respectively. These values are similar to those seen with human platelet membranes. As with platelets, the maximal activation achievable with octimibate is 60% of that seen with iloprost. This result suggests that octimibate is a partial agonist for stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. 3. Iloprost (10-100 nM) relaxes human coronary and mesenteric artery precontracted with KCl, and also relaxes cynomolgus monkey aorta precontracted with phenylephrine. Octimibate appears to be a partial agonist for relaxation of human coronary artery precontracted with KCl; the intrinsic activity of octimibate (10 microM) is 0.15 compared to iloprost, and octimibate surmountably antagonizes the relaxant effects of iloprost with a Kp of 200 nM. Octimibate (up to 10 microM) evokes only weak relaxation of human mesenteric artery (precontracted with KCl) and cynomolgus monkey aorta (precontracted with phenylephrine). 4. The effects of iloprost and octimibate were compared in vivo in cynomolgus monkeys. In addition to inhibiting ex vivo platelet aggregation, both compounds cause hypotension with little effect on heart rate. The dose-response curves for inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation and a fall in mean arterial blood pressure were compared. The dose-separation (i.e., the relative differences in effective concentrations) for the two responses is similar with both iloprost and octimibate. 5. Since the pern; beral resistance vessels are intimately involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure, the effects of both agents were tested on human peripheral resistance vessels (150-400pm diameter) in vitro. These vessels are relaxed by both iloprost and octimibate following precontraction with KCI. The IC50 value for iloprost is 44nM, and 1.7 microM octimibate evokes 50% of the maximal relaxation obtained with iloprost. Thus, the relative potencies of the two compounds in relaxing human subcutaneous resistance vessels are similar to their relative potencies in inhibiting platelet responses. This result correlates with the lack of platelet versus vascular selectivity seen with the in vivo monkey studies. 6. These results suggest that octimibate, a partial agonist at the prostacyclin receptor, is unable to discriminate between platelet and vascular prostacyclin receptors in primates.
|
['15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lung', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Membranes', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic', 'Receptors, Epoprostenol', 'Receptors, Prostaglandin', 'Sterol O-Acyltransferase']
| 2,043,927
|
[['D01.248.497.158.685.750.744.650.500.500', 'D01.339.431.374.744.650.500.500', 'D01.650.550.750.700.650.500.500', 'D02.389.338.638.650.500.500', 'D10.251.355.255.550.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.050.175.725.025.650.500.500', 'D23.469.700.630.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['E05.481'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['A10.615'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.250', 'D23.469.700.630'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700.299'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.200.700'], ['D08.811.913.050.799']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The temporal distribution of directional gradients under selection for an optimum.
|
Temporal variation in phenotypic selection is often attributed to environmental change causing movements of the adaptive surface relating traits to fitness, but this connection is rarely established empirically. Fluctuating phenotypic selection can be measured by the variance and autocorrelation of directional selection gradients through time. However, the dynamics of these gradients depend not only on environmental changes altering the fitness surface, but also on evolution of the phenotypic distribution. Therefore, it is unclear to what extent variability in selection gradients can inform us about the underlying drivers of their fluctuations. To investigate this question, we derive the temporal distribution of directional gradients under selection for a phenotypic optimum that is either constant or fluctuates randomly in various ways in a finite population. Our analytical results, combined with population- and individual-based simulations, show that although some characteristic patterns can be distinguished, very different types of change in the optimum (including a constant optimum) can generate similar temporal distributions of selection gradients, making it difficult to infer the processes underlying apparent fluctuating selection. Analyzing changes in phenotype distributions together with changes in selection gradients should prove more useful for inferring the mechanisms underlying estimated fluctuating selection.
|
['Environment', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Fitness', 'Models, Genetic', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Time Factors']
| 25,302,419
|
[['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.347'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.783'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Teicoplanin: Part 1. An evaluation of the concentrations seen in serum and the subcutaneous fat of the relatively ischaemic lower limb following a single intravenous bolus.
|
Teicoplanin is a new antibiotic currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Consecutive patients undergoing elective vascular surgery (n = 28) were randomised to receive a single intravenous bolus of 400 mg teicoplanin 1, 3, 6 or 12 h prior to surgery as prophylaxis against Gram-positive infection. Serum and fat antibiotic levels were measured and found to exceed the established MICs for common staphylococcal and streptococcal infections for at least 12 h following administration. This suggests that teicoplanin would be a useful choice of antibiotic in the prophylaxis and treatment of appropriate infections in elective surgery. By extrapolation, teicoplanin would also be of use in the prophylaxis and treatment of suitable infections seen in traumatised patients.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Glycopeptides', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Ischemia', 'Leg', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Teicoplanin']
| 2,526,008
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D09.400.420', 'D12.644.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A01.378.610.500'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D09.400.420.405.500', 'D12.644.233.352.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lipid hydroperoxide formation in the retina: correlation with retinal degeneration and light damage in a rat model of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
|
The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disease presenting with multiple congenital anomalies, caused by a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis that results in abnormally elevated levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC). Progressive retinal degeneration has been demonstrated in a rat model of SLOS, which is markedly exacerbated by intense light, far more so than occurs in normal albino rats under the same conditions. Herein, we demonstrate that, by six postnatal weeks, retinas in the SLOS rat model contain levels of lipid hydroperoxides (LPOs) comparable to those found in light-damaged albino rats (twice the normal steady-state levels), and that intense light exposure results in a three-fold elevation of LPOs with concomitant severe retinal degeneration. These results suggest a correlation between retinal degeneration and LPO levels. We propose that the presence of 7DHC in the SLOS rat retina potentiates LPO formation, and promotes the observed hypersensitivity to light-induced retinal degeneration.
|
['Animals', 'Light', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Models, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Retina', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome']
| 16,199,034
|
[['B01.050'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['E05.598'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['C16.131.077.860', 'C16.320.565.398.850', 'C16.320.565.925.875', 'C18.452.584.500.937', 'C18.452.648.398.850', 'C18.452.648.925.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SerpinB2 is critical to Th2 immunity against enteric nematode infection.
|
SerpinB2, a member of the serine protease inhibitor family, is expressed by macrophages and is significantly upregulated by inflammation. Recent studies implicated a role for SerpinB2 in the control of Th1 and Th2 immune responses, but the mechanisms of these effects are unknown. In this study, we used mice deficient in SerpinB2 (SerpinB2(-/-)) to investigate its role in the host response to the enteric nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri. Nematode infection induced a STAT6-dependent increase in intestinal SerpinB2 expression. The H. bakeri-induced upregulation of IL-4 and IL-13 expression was attenuated in SerpinB2(-/-) mice coincident with an impaired worm clearance. In addition, lack of SerpinB2 in mice resulted in a loss of the H. bakeri-induced smooth muscle hypercontractility and a significant delay in infection-induced increase in mucosal permeability. Th2 immunity is generally linked to a CCL2-mediated increase in the infiltration of macrophages that develop into the alternatively activated phenotype (M2). In H. bakeri-infected SerpinB2(-/-) mice, there was an impaired infiltration and alternative activation of macrophages accompanied by a decrease in the intestinal CCL2 expression. Studies in macrophages isolated from SerpinB2(-/-) mice showed a reduced CCL2 expression, but normal M2 development, in response to stimulation of Th2 cytokines. These data demonstrate that the immune regulation of SerpinB2 expression plays a critical role in the development of Th2-mediated protective immunity against nematode infection by a mechanism involving CCL2 production and macrophage infiltration.
|
['Animals', 'Cytokines', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Monocytes', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Nematode Infections', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2', 'Th2 Cells']
| 23,630,350
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.308'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['C01.610.335.508'], ['D12.644.861.695.520', 'D12.776.124.125.645', 'D12.776.872.695.520', 'D23.119.832.750'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Factors responsible for the evolution of insulin resistance in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients: association with atherosclerosis.
|
Type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by defective insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. In distinct from Caucasian populations, Japanese type 2 diabetic patients are divided into two categories: one with insulin resistance and the other with normal insulin sensitivity. This unique feature allows us to explore the factors responsible for the evolution of insulin resistance in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. In this article, we describe the factors responsible for insulin resistance in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients and discuss the relationships between these factors and atherosclerosis. Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with insulin resistance had significantly higher concentrations of triglyceride, remnant-like particle cholesterol, subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat areas, leptin, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and soluble E-selectin and lower concentration of adiponectin when compared to those with normal insulin sensitivity. There were, however, no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and soluble TNF receptors between the two groups. Serum triglyceride was positively correlated to visceral abdominal fat area, while serum leptin was positively correlated with subcutaneous abdominal fat area. In contrast, serum adiponectin was negatively correlated to visceral abdominal fat area. High sensitive CRP was positively correlated to BMI, triglyceride, and leptin, but was negatively correlated to adiponectin. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and soluble TNF receptors, however, were not associated with any of these factors. Thus, it may be hypothesized that Japanese type 2 diabetic patients are divided into two categories: one with normal insulin sensitivity and the other with insulin resistance. The former group has a low cardiovascular risk factor, whereas the latter one has a markedly increased cardiovascular disease risk factor. Furthermore, abdominal fat related insulin resistance seems to be associated with insulin resistance in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. In this section, we would like to focus on the factors contributing to insulin resistance and discuss the association of these factors with atherosclerosis in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
|
['Adiponectin', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Body Mass Index', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Angiopathies', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Japan', 'Leptin', 'Triglycerides']
| 17,532,086
|
[['D06.472.699.042.249', 'D12.644.276.024.249', 'D12.644.548.011.249', 'D12.776.467.024.249', 'D23.529.024.249'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C14.907.320', 'C19.246.099.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Progressive effect of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) on rat embryo development in vitro.
|
In the present study we demonstrated the effects of the spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) on the in vitro development of rat embryos at the early stage. In rat embryos, PBN increased the speed of the first cleavage and had no toxicity during pregnancy after embryo culture. These results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROIs) that were formed by activating molecular oxygens through redox reactions regulated the speed of development for early-stage embryos. Thus, PBN caused a decrease in the level of ROIs and toxicity and an in increase in the level of the development of rat embryos. On the other hand, PBN could not decrease the 2-cell block in vitro nor increase the blastulation rate, in contrast to the fact that a scavenger of superoxide anions, SOD, is effective in doing so for mouse embryos. From these results it was concluded that free radicals play an important role in the in vitro development of rat embryos at the early stage, but play no role in the decrease of the 2-cell block or their blastulation rate. It should be noted that PBN had no toxicity for embryonic development at the 2-cell stage.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Culture Techniques', 'Cyclic N-Oxides', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Female', 'Free Radicals', 'Nitrogen Oxides', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Spin Labels', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 9,358,251
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['E05.481.500'], ['D03.661.243'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D01.362.635', 'D01.625.550', 'D01.650.550.587'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D02.389.678'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Are large amounts of sodium stored in an osmotically inactive form during sodium retention? Balance studies in freely moving dogs.
|
Alterations in total body sodium (TBSodium) that covered the range from moderate deficit to large surplus were induced by 10 experimental protocols in 66 dogs to study whether large amounts of Na+ are stored in an osmotically inactive form during Na+ retention. Changes in TBSodium, total body potassium (TBPotassium), and total body water (TBWater) were determined by 4-day balance studies. A rather close correlation was found between individual changes in TBSodium and those in TBWater (r2 = 0.83). Changes in TBSodium were often accompanied by changes in TBPotassium. Taking changes of both TBSodium and TBPotassium into account, the correlation with TBWater changes became very close (r2 = 0.93). The sum of changes in TBSodium and TBPotassium was accompanied by osmotically adequate TBWater changes, and plasma osmolality remained unchanged. Calculations reveal that even moderate TBSodium changes often included substantial Na+/K+ exchanges between extracellular and cellular space. The results support the theory that osmocontrol effectively adjusts TBWater to the body's present content of the major cations, Na+ and K+, and do not support the notion that, during Na+ retention, large portions of Na+ are stored in an osmotically inactive form. Furthermore, the finding that TBSodium changes are often accompanied by TBPotassium changes and also include Na+/K+ redistributions between fluid compartments suggests that cells may serve as readily available Na+ store. This Na+ storage, however, is osmotically active, since osmotical equilibration is achieved by opposite redistribution of K+.
|
['Animals', 'Body Water', 'Body Weight', 'Bone and Bones', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Sodium, Dietary', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 16,373,433
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.200'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['G02.640'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.857.875'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Validation of BREV: comparison with reference battery in 173 children with learning disorders].
|
INTRODUCTION: The BREV battery (Battery for rapid evaluation of cognitive functions) is a tool which can be used for the rapid neuropsychological evaluation of children aged between 4 and 9 years.OBJECTIVES: After standardization (700 unaffected children) and validation by comparison with a reference battery (202 children with epilepsy), the aim of this study was further validation in 173 children with learning disorders.POPULATION AND METHODS: The study protocol included administration of the BREV, precise neuropsychological examination and evaluation of oral and written language. Statistical analysis was used to compare the findings of the BREV with those of the reference method, and the recommendations indicated by the BREV with the final diagnoses, and to define the sensitivity and the specificity of the BREV battery.RESULTS: All the correlations between BREV tests and reference tests were significant. Recommendations after the BREV were in agreement with the conclusions of the reference evaluation in 168/172 children for language, 145/173 for the psychometric evaluation. For only 4 chidren, the results of the BREV were false negative. Diagnoses corresponded in 168/173 children for oral language, in 102/110 for written language, 166/173 for praxis disorders and 157/173 for intellectual deficit. The most predictive subtests of the BREV and sensitivity and specificity of verbal and non-verbal scores were calculated.CONCLUSION: The BREV is a reliable examination, in learning disorders, to determine the most complementary investigations both in terms of language disorders and for non-verbal or global learning disabilities.
|
['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning Disabilities', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychometrics', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 16,271,450
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.150.550', 'C23.888.592.604.150.550', 'F03.625.562'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Epidemic investigation of diphtheria, Republic of Kazakhstan, 1990-1996.
|
The diphtheria epidemic that began in Russia in 1990 reached Kazakhstan in 1992 when 45 case-patients (a 50% increase over 1991) were reported. In 1993, 82 case-patients were reported, and 489 were reported in 1994. The epidemic peaked in 1995 when 1105 case-patients were reported (incidence rate=6.7/100,000 population). In 1996, after public health practice modifications and several mass vaccinations, 455 case-patients were reported. From 1990 to 1996, children </=14 years old represented 35% (2234) of the reported case-patients (and 33% of the population) but had a disproportionate share (49%) of the fatalities. Females represented 63% of the adult case-patients. In 1996, 297 (65%) of 455 case-patients and 26 (84%) of 31 fatalities were unvaccinated. Kazakhstan controlled the diphtheria epidemic by using a multifaceted public health strategy of prevention and control, which included changing the routine immunization schedule, modifying the official list of contraindications to vaccination, conducting mass campaigns to vaccinate persons, and treating close contacts of case-patients with antibiotics.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diphtheria', 'Diphtheria Toxoid', 'Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine', 'Disease Notification', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kazakhstan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vaccination']
| 10,657,198
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.246.388'], ['D20.215.894.691.263'], ['D20.215.894.135.535.300', 'D20.215.894.691.263.300', 'D20.215.894.691.824.300', 'D20.215.894.815.300'], ['E05.318.362', 'N06.850.520.373', 'N06.850.780.200.262'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.252.100.420', 'Z01.542.931.440', 'Z01.586.950.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890', 'E05.478.550.600.890', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Subject-Specific Fully-Coupled and One-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction Models for Modeling of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques in Humans.
|
BACKGROUND: Hemodynamics play an important role in the development and progression of carotid atherosclerosis, and may be important in the assessment of plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to develop a system to assess the hemodynamics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques using subject-specific fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Models of carotid bifurcations (n=86 with plaques from 52 patients, n=14 normal carotids from 12 participants) were obtained at the Department of Radiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital between 2010 and 2013. The maximum von Mises stress, minimum pressure, and flow velocity values were assessed at the most stenotic site in patients, or at the carotid bifurcations in healthy volunteers. Results of one-way FSI were compared with fully-coupled FSI for the plaques of 19 randomly selected models.RESULTS: The maximum von Mises stress and the minimum pressure and velocity were significantly increased in the stenosis group compared with controls based on one-way FSI (all P<0.05). The maximum von Mises stress and the minimum pressure were significantly higher and the velocity was significantly lower based on fully coupled FSI compared with on-way FSI (all P<0.05). Although there were differences in numerical values, both methods were equivalent. The maximum von Mises stress of vulnerable plaques was significantly higher than stable plaques (P<0.001). The maximum von Mises stress of the group with fibrous cap defect was significantly higher than the group without fibrous cap defect (P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The hemodynamics of atherosclerotic plaques can be assessed noninvasively using subject-specific models of FSI based on MRI.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Female', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic']
| 26,510,514
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['C23.300.823']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Improvement of dibenzothiophene desulfurization activity by removing the gene overlap in the dsz operon.
|
Dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives can be microbially desulfurized by Dsz enzymes. We investigated the expressional characteristics of the dsz operon. The result revealed that the ratio of mRNA quantity of dszA, dszB, and dszC was 11:3.3:1; however, western blot analysis indicated that the expression level of dszB is far lower than that of dszC. Gene analysis revealed that the termination codon of dszA and the initiation codon of dszB overlapped, whereas there was a 13-bp gap between dszB and dszC. In order to get a better, steady expression of DszB, we removed this structure by overlap polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and expressed the redesigned dsz operon in Rhodococcus erythropolis. The desulfurization activity of resting cells prepared from R. erythropolis DR-2, which held the redesigned dsz operon, was about five-fold higher than that of R. erythropolis DR-1, which held the original dsz operon.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Operon', 'Oxygenases', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Engineering', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rhodococcus', 'Sulfur', 'Thiophenes']
| 17,420,595
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['D08.811.682.690'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.393.420.601'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['B03.510.024.981.775'], ['D01.268.185.900'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peripheral blood stem cell mobilisation by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in patients with acute and old myocardial infarction for intracoronary cell infusion.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are one of the most promising stem cell sources for treatment of ischaemic heart disease. However, the experience of mobilisation and collection of PBSC using granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) is still limited. We report our experiences with the feasibility and safety of collection of mobilised PBSC with G-CSF in MI patients, and the influence of acute ischaemia on efficacy of PBSC collection.METHODS: 74 patients with acute or old myocardial infarction (AMI vs OMI, n = 46 and n = 28) underwent PBSC collection after administration of G-CSF twice a day at a dose of 5 microg/kg for 3 days. Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface markers was performed.RESULTS: No evidence of inflammation or ischaemia was observed during G-CSF mobilisation and PBSC collection. The yield of CD34(+) cells was 12.9 (SD 15.92) x10(9)/l (5.04% (5.30%) of total cells) with a product volume of 37.9 (8.4) ml after 5650 (987) ml of blood were processed during PBSC collection. Stem cell mobilisation and collection by G-CSF is more efficient in AMI than in OMI, and proportions of cells positive for VE-cadherin or KDR/CD34 are significantly greater in AMI than in OMI (p<0.01).CONCLUSION: We could obtain sufficient numbers of PBSC for intracoronary infusion with the G-CSF-based mobilisation strategy without complications even in patients with MI. PBSC collection after mobilisation with G-CSF is a safe and feasible method of stem cell collection for therapeutic purpose in patients with MI.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Component Removal', 'Chronic Disease', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Stem Cell Transplantation']
| 19,460,773
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.120'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.350', 'D12.776.395.240.200', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.350', 'D23.529.374.410.240.350'], ['E02.095.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transmembrane TNF and IFNgamma induce caspase-independent death of primary mouse pancreatic beta cells.
|
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. It has an important role in immunological and inflammatory processes, and has also been shown to induce apoptotic cell death. We have shown that TNF + IFNgamma induce islet cell death in vitro. TNF exists as a biologically active transmembrane molecule (tmTNF), which is then cleaved to form soluble TNF (sTNF). We reasoned that sTNF, which has been used in previous studies, may not represent TNF in its physiological form. We compared the contributions of caspase activation and nitric oxide production to beta cell death induced by either tmTNF or sTNF together with IFNgamma. CHO cells transfected with a mutated TNF were used as a source of tmTNF. Either sTNF or tmTNF, together with IFNgamma, induced caspase-dependent cell death of the NIT-1 insulinoma cell line, as measured by DNA fragmentation and a fluorogenic caspase 3 activation assay. TNF + IFNgamma did not induce caspase 3 activation in primary mouse islets. Instead, iNOS gene expression was induced and cell death which was partly NO-dependent occurred. We conclude that the role of TNF in the development of type 1 diabetes is likely to be the activation of gene expression and not apoptosis. It appears that both tmTNF and sTNF act by a similar mechanism to induce beta cell death.
|
['Animals', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Line', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 12,568,116
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126', 'D12.644.360.075.405', 'D12.776.476.075.405'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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