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Simultaneous gene clustering and subset selection for sample classification via MDL.
|
MOTIVATION: The microarray technology allows for the simultaneous monitoring of thousands of genes for each sample. The high-dimensional gene expression data can be used to study similarities of gene expression profiles across different samples to form a gene clustering. The clusters may be indicative of genetic pathways. Parallel to gene clustering is the important application of sample classification based on all or selected gene expressions. The gene clustering and sample classification are often undertaken separately, or in a directional manner (one as an aid for the other). However, such separation of these two tasks may occlude informative structure in the data. Here we present an algorithm for the simultaneous clustering of genes and subset selection of gene clusters for sample classification. We develop a new model selection criterion based on Rissanen's MDL (minimum description length) principle. For the first time, an MDL code length is given for both explanatory variables (genes) and response variables (sample class labels). The final output of the proposed algorithm is a sparse and interpretable classification rule based on cluster centroids or the closest genes to the centroids.RESULTS: Our algorithm for simultaneous gene clustering and subset selection for classification is applied to three publicly available data sets. For all three data sets, we obtain sparse and interpretable classification models based on centroids of clusters. At the same time, these models give competitive test error rates as the best reported methods. Compared with classification models based on single gene selections, our rules are stable in the sense that the number of clusters has a small variability and the centroids of the clusters are well correlated (or consistent) across different cross validation samples. We also discuss models where the centroids of clusters are replaced with the genes closest to the centroids. These models show comparable test error rates to models based on single gene selection, but are more sparse as well as more stable. Moreover, we comment on how the inclusion of a classification criterion affects the gene clustering, bringing out class informative structure in the data.AVAILABILITY: The methods presented in this paper have been implemented in the R language. The source code is available from the first author.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Leukemia', 'Models, Genetic', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neoplasms', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 12,801,870
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C04'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
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Study on the efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil treatment in post-liver transplant patients with hepatitis B virus infection and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus.
|
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence and de novo HBV infection are frequent events in liver transplantation recipients. Treatment with lamivudine is initially efficient in both infections but the incidence of lamivudine-resistant HBV emergence increases over time. Adefovir appears to be promising in post-liver transplantation patients with recurrent HBV infection and lamivudine-resistant HBV. This study analyzed adefovir treatment in 42 post-liver transplantation patients who developed recurrent HBV or de novo HBV infection with lamivudine-resistant HBV (54.8% HCV-coinfected). Patients received 10 mg of oral adefovir once daily for a mean period of time of 21.5 months (range from 12 to 31 months). In 62.9% of patients, ALT levels decreased significantly. Serum HBV-DNA was undetectable in 64% of the cases. Twenty percent of patients lost HBeAg marker and 13.3% of them developed anti-HBe. In 9.5% of recipients, HBsAg became negative. There was no significant change in serum creatinine levels. In only one patient was worsening of the renal function detected, making dose adjustment necessary. No other side effects were reported. Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of adefovir treatment in post-liver transplantation patients with lamivudine-resistant HBV, neither were adefovir-resistant mutations identified in patients after 21 months of therapy, nor were there adverse events, especially renal toxicity.
|
['Adenine', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B e Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Lamivudine', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Organophosphonates', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Safety']
| 16,386,596
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['G06.225.420', 'G06.920.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269.420'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.469'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.950.500', 'D13.570.230.329.950.500', 'D13.570.230.500.925.500', 'D13.570.685.245.500.950.500'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['D02.705.429'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Introducing early medical abortion in Australia: there is a need to update abortion laws.
|
Recent changes to Federal Therapeutic Goods Administration legislation have seen the limited introduction of the drug mifepristone to Australia for the purpose of early medical abortion. At the same time it has become evident that both methotrexate and misoprostol, licenced and available for other indications, are being used safely and appropriately for early abortion by Australian medical practitioners. Early medical abortion is widely practiced overseas where its safety and effectiveness are well supported by current evidence. However, abortion law in many states is still contained within the Criminal Codes and does not reflect current evidence-based abortion practice. In other states and territories restrictions on where abortions may be performed pose potential barriers to the introduction of mifepristone for medical abortion. There is an urgent need for abortion law to be clarified and made uniform across the country so that the best possible services can be provided to Australian women.
|
['Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal', 'Abortion, Legal', 'Australia', 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'Legislation as Topic', 'Mifepristone', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Public Opinion', "Women's Rights"]
| 18,082,063
|
[['D27.505.696.875.131.200', 'D27.505.954.705.131.200'], ['E04.520.050.055'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.615'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.580'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.707.408'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['I01.880.604.473.850', 'N03.706.437.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated neurotrophin gene transfer in the injured adult rat spinal cord improves hind-limb function.
|
To foster axonal growth from a Schwann cell bridge into the caudal spinal cord, spinal cells caudal to the implant were transduced with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (AAV-NT-3). Control rats received AAV vectors encoding for green fluorescent protein or saline. AAV-BDNF- and AAV-NT-3-transduced 293 human kidney cells produced and secreted BDNF or NT-3, respectively, in vitro. The secreted neurotrophins were biologically active; they both promoted outgrowth of sensory neurites in vitro. In vivo, transgene expression was observed predominantly in neurons for at least 16 weeks after injection. Compared with controls, a modest though significant improvement in hind-limb function was found in rats that received AAV-BDNF and AAV-NT-3. Retrograde tracing demonstrated that twice as many neurons with processes extending toward the Schwann cell graft were present in the second lumbar cord segment of AAV-BDNF- and AAV-NT-3-injected animals compared with controls. We found no evidence, however, for growth of regenerated axons from the Schwann cell implant into the caudal cord. Our results suggest that AAV vector-mediated overexpression of BDNF and NT-3 in the cord caudal to a Schwann cell bridge modified the local lumbar axonal circuitry, which was beneficial for locomotor function.
|
['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Brain Tissue Transplantation', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Graft Survival', 'Growth Cones', 'Hindlimb', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurotrophin 3', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recovery of Function', 'Schwann Cells', 'Spinal Cord', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,676,157
|
[['B04.280.030'], ['B01.050'], ['E02.095.147.725.090', 'E04.525.090', 'E04.936.580.090'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E05.393.350'], ['G05.360.337'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['A11.284.180.075.249', 'A11.284.180.225.340', 'A11.284.180.610.345', 'A11.671.137.340', 'A11.671.240.340'], ['A13.473'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.612'], ['D12.644.276.860.775', 'D12.776.467.860.775', 'D12.776.631.600.775', 'D23.529.850.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G16.757'], ['A08.637.800', 'A08.800.800.690', 'A11.650.800'], ['A08.186.854'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
Association rate constants rationalise the pharmacodynamics of apixaban and rivaroxaban.
|
Rivaroxaban and apixaban are selective direct inhibitors of free and prothrombinase-bound factor Xa (FXa). Surprisingly prothrombin time (PT) is little sensitive to clinically relevant changes in drug concentration, especially with apixaban. To investigate this pharmacodynamic discrepancy we have compared the kinetics of FXa inhibition in strictly identical conditions (pH 7.48, 37 °C, 0.15 M). KI values of 0.74 ± 0.03 and 0.47 ± 0.02 nM and kon values of 7.3 ± 1.6 10(6) and 2.9 ± 0.6 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) were obtained for apixaban and rivaroxaban, respectively. To investigate if these constants rationalise the inhibitor pharmacodynamics, we used numerical integration to evaluate impact of FXa inhibition on thrombin generation assay (TGA) and PT. Simulation predicted that in TGA triggered with 20 pM tissue factor, 100 ng/ml apixaban or rivaroxaban increased 1.8- or 3.0-fold the lag time and 1.4- or 2.0-fold the time to peak, whilst decreasing 1.2- or 3.1-fold the maximum thrombin and 1.7- or 3.5-fold the endogenous thrombin potential. These numbers were consistent with those obtained through the corresponding TGA triggered in plasma spiked with apixaban or rivaroxaban. Simulated PT ratios were also consistent with the corresponding plasma PT: markedly less sensitive to apixaban than to rivaroxaban. Analogous differences in TGA and PT were obtained irrespective of the drug amount added. We concluded that kon values for FXa of apixaban and rivaroxaban rationalise the unexpected lower sensitivity of PT and TGA to the former.
|
['Blood Coagulation', 'Computer Simulation', 'Factor Xa Inhibitors', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Biological', 'Prothrombin Time', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyridones', 'Rivaroxaban', 'Thrombin']
| 25,761,505
|
[['G09.188.390.150'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449.500', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500.500'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E01.370.225.625.115.610', 'E05.200.625.115.610', 'G09.188.680'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.725.791'], ['D02.886.778.727', 'D03.383.533.640.713', 'D03.383.903.727'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Kin discrimination and the benefit of helping in cooperatively breeding vertebrates.
|
In many cooperatively breeding vertebrates, a dominant breeding pair is assisted in offspring care by nonbreeding helpers. A leading explanation for this altruistic behavior is Hamilton's idea that helpers gain indirect fitness benefits by rearing relatives (kin selection). Many studies have shown that helpers typically provide care for relatives, but relatively few have shown that helpers provide closer kin with preferential care (kin discrimination), fueling the suggestion that kin selection only poorly accounts for the evolution of cooperative breeding in vertebrates. We used meta-analysis to show that (i) individuals consistently discriminate between kin, and (ii) stronger discrimination occurs in species where the benefits of helping are greater. These results suggest a general role for kin selection and that the relative importance of kin selection varies across species, as predicted by Hamilton's rule.
|
['Altruism', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Birds', 'Breeding', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Family', 'Female', 'Helping Behavior', 'Male', 'Mammals', 'Probability', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Social Behavior', 'Species Specificity']
| 14,576,431
|
[['F01.145.813.090'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['E05.820.150', 'G05.090'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['F01.145.813.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['F01.145.113.252.748'], ['F01.145.813'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation of leukotriene C4 from human seminal fluid.
|
LTC4 was isolated and characterized from seminal fluid of seven human volunteers. A compound with a similar retention time to that of synthetic LTC4 was obtained using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The ultraviolet absorbance of the extracted substance was identical to synthetic LTC4. Furthermore this compound contracted the guinea pig ileum and lung parenchymal strip. Its effects were antagonized by the leukotriene antagonist FPL55712. It was concluded that LTC4 is present in human seminal fluid in very small amounts (about 100 ng/ejaculate). The possible physiological functions of LTC4 in the reproductive tract are discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Chromones', 'Dinoprostone', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Humans', 'Ileum', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Prostaglandins B', 'Prostaglandins E', 'SRS-A', 'Semen', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 6,597,495
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.266', 'D03.633.100.150.266'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250.200', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A04.411'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.150', 'D23.469.050.175.725.150'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['D10.251.355.255.100.450.855', 'D10.251.355.310.166.887.855', 'D23.469.050.175.450.725'], ['A12.200.732'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reference intervals and age and gender dependency for arterial blood gases and electrolytes in adults.
|
BACKGROUND: Although results from blood gas analyzers are frequently used in clinical work surprisingly few and small studies have examined reference intervals for arterial blood gases and acid-base status. We have established reference values based on a large group of healthy people with a wide age distribution.METHODS: A group of medical students (n=182) aged 20-32 years old and a group of health professionals aged 21-76 years were used in this study. Arterial samples were analyzed on the blood gas analyzer ABL from Radiometer(TM). Age and gender dependency was examined for all analytes and reference intervals were calculated non-parametrically.RESULTS: Females had significantly higher pH and lower PaCO(2) (partial pressure of carbon dioxide in an arterial sample), base excess (BE, standard, extra cellular fluid), plasma standard and actual HCO(3), when compared to males (p<0.01). However, the differences were minor and common reference intervals were therefore also determined, generally at the same level as previously published. The lactate values were similar among the genders but with a high upper limit of 2.5 mmol/L. The non-smoker group of females and males had similar PaO(2) values (partial pressure of oxygen in an arterial sample). However, an age dependent effect was found and PaO(2) decreased by 0.29 kPa per decade (confidence interval of slope -0.11 to -0.47 kPa). Electrolytes and anion gap results depicted smaller differences from previous published reference intervals for sodium (136-141 mmol/L) and anion gap (10-16 mmol/L, with potassium included or 6-12 mmol/L without potassium).CONCLUSIONS: Reference intervals for analytes on modern blood gas analyzers were established on a large group of healthy people. Gender and age dependency is generally without clinical importance, except for a lower PaCO(2) in women and a decreasing PaO(2) with higher age.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Arteries', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Electrolytes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oximetry', 'Reference Values', 'Sex Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,619,466
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.114'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100'], ['D01.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600', 'E01.370.370.380.600', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600'], ['E05.978.810'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Proliferative and degenerative events in the early development of chick dorsal root ganglia. II. Responses to altered peripheral fields.
|
Responses of chick embryo dorsal root ganglia to early wing bud amputation were examined histologically using tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) and autoradiography to analyze proliferation and the Feulgen procedure to visualize degenerating cells. Right wing buds were amputated at stage 15 or 16. At 4.5 to 9.5 days of incubation embryos were given a 1-hour exposure to 3H-TdR and fixed. Feulgen-stained autoradiographs were examined for percentage of cells labelled (labelling index) or degenerating (degeneration index) in lateroventral (LV) and mediodorsal (MD) regions of brachial (G14-16) and nonbrachial (G12, 13, 17) ganglia. The earliest response to amputation was a highly significant increase in degeneration indices of LV and MD regions of ipsilateral brachial ganglia at 5.5 days. Significant brachial LV responses were observed throughout the remainder of the experimental period. Two peaks occur in this response: at 5.5 days, corresponding to the peak seen in normal nonbrachial ganglia, and at 8.5 days, having no counterpart in normal development. In brachial MD regions significant degenerative responses occur at most times examined. Significant responses also occur at 7.5 and 8.5 days in MD regions of nonbrachial ganglia. The presence of MD responses in our material indicates that maturation of at least some MD neurons occurs earlier than previously thought. Significant labelling responses occur in brachial LV regions from 7.5 days on. Because other studies (Carr and Simpson, '78a) show that this time is after the end of large-scale neuronal production, this labelling response must be nonneuronal in nature. We conclude that this response is a secondary response to amputation, consequent to the greatly increased cellular degeneration. Results of experiments involving addition of limb buds at the brachial level are also presented.
|
['Amputation', 'Animals', 'Chick Embryo', 'Forelimb', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Mitosis', 'Nerve Degeneration']
| 721,976
|
[['E04.555.080'], ['B01.050'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['A13.395'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['C23.550.737']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbon nanotube transistor controlled by a biological ion pump gate.
|
We report a hybrid bionanoelectronic transistor that has a local ATP-powered protein gate. ATP-dependent activity of a membrane ion pump, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, embedded in a lipid membrane covering the carbon nanotube, modulates the transistor output current by up to 40%. The ion pump gates the device by shifting the pH of the water layer between the lipid bilayer and nanotube surface. This transistor is a versatile bionanoelectronic platform that can incorporate other membrane proteins.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Nanotechnology', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Particle Size', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Transistors, Electronic']
| 20,426,455
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['J01.637.087'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['G02.111.820.400', 'G04.835.400', 'G07.265.625'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['H01.603', 'J01.897.520.600'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['G02.712'], ['L01.224.800'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['E07.305.625.714']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Risperidone dose-dependently increases extracellular concentrations of serotonin in the rat frontal cortex: role of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism.
|
We have previously shown that risperidone, an antipsychotic drug with high affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A and dopamine (DA)2 receptors, as well as for alpha 2- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors, enhances 5-HT metabolism selectively in the rat frontal cortex (FC). To further study the influence of risperidone on central 5-HT systems, we compared its effects on dialysate 5-HT in the FC, as assessed by microdialysis, with those obtained with other antipsychotic drugs, i.e., clozapine, haloperidol, and amperozide, as well as with the selective alpha 2- or 5-HT2A receptor antagonists idazoxan or MDL 100,907, respectively. The underlying mechanism for risperidone's effect on 5-HT output in the FC was also investigated using single-cell recording in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Administration of risperidone (0.2, 0.6, and 2.0 mg/kg, SC) dose-dependently increased 5-HT levels in the FC. This stimulatory action was mimicked by amperozide (10 mg/kg, SC) and, to some extent, by idazoxan (0.25 mg/kg, SC). In contrast, clozapine (10 mg/kg, SC), haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, SC), and MDL 100,907 (1.0 mg/kg, SC) exerted only minor effects on 5-HT output in brain. Local administration of risperidone or idazoxan (1.0-1000 mumol/L) in the FC dose-dependently increased dialysate levels of 5-HT in this region. On the other hand, risperidone 25-800 micrograms/kg, IV) dose-dependently decreased the firing rate of 5-HT cells in the DRN, an effect that was largely antagonized by pretreatment with the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100,635 (5.0 micrograms/kg, IV). These results indicate that the risperidone-increased 5-HT output in the FC may be related to its alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonistic action, a property shared with both amperozide and idazoxan, and that this action probably is executed at the nerve terminal level. The inhibition of 5-HT cell firing by risperidone is probably secondary to increased 5-HT availability, e.g., in the DRN, since it could be antagonized by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. The enhanced 5-HT output in the FC by risperidone may be of particular relevance for the treatment of schizophrenia when associated with depression and in schizoaffective disorder.
|
['Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Dopamine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Idazoxan', 'Male', 'Piperazines', 'Pyridines', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Rats', 'Risperidone', 'Serotonin']
| 9,194,049
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.200.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D03.383.129.308.428', 'D03.383.188.425', 'D03.633.100.355'], ['D03.383.606'], ['D03.383.725'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Specificity of IRF4 translocations for primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a multicenter study of 204 skin biopsies.
|
Current pathologic criteria cannot reliably distinguish cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma from other CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (lymphomatoid papulosis, systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma with skin involvement, and transformed mycosis fungoides). We previously reported IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor-4) translocations in cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas. Here, we investigated the clinical utility of detecting IRF4 translocations in skin biopsies. We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for IRF4 in 204 biopsies involved by T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders from 182 patients at three institutions. In all, 9 of 45 (20%) cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas and 1 of 32 (3%) cases of lymphomatoid papulosis with informative results demonstrated an IRF4 translocation. Remaining informative cases were negative for a translocation (7 systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas; 44 cases of mycosis fungoides/S?zary syndrome (13 transformed); 24 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; 12 CD4-positive small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas; 5 extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type; 4 gamma-delta T-cell lymphomas; and 5 other uncommon T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders). Among all cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, FISH for IRF4 had a specificity and positive predictive value for cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma of 99 and 90%, respectively (P=0.00002, Fisher's exact test). Among anaplastic large cell lymphomas, lymphomatoid papulosis, and transformed mycosis fungoides, specificity and positive predictive value were 98 and 90%, respectively (P=0.005). FISH abnormalities other than translocations and IRF4 protein expression were seen in 13 and 65% of cases, respectively, but were nonspecific with regard to T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder subtype. Our findings support the clinical utility of FISH for IRF4 in the differential diagnosis of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in skin biopsies, with detection of a translocation favoring cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Like all FISH studies, IRF4 testing must be interpreted in the context of morphology, phenotype, and clinical features.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Interferon Regulatory Factors', 'Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic', 'Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell', 'Lymphomatoid Papulosis', 'Lymphoproliferative Disorders', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycosis Fungoides', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 21,169,992
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101.140'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D12.644.360.024.302', 'D12.776.157.057.050', 'D12.776.260.504', 'D12.776.476.024.385', 'D12.776.930.332'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.399', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.600', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.399'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.800.507', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.800.507', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.800.507'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.800.528', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.800.528', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.800.528'], ['C15.604.515', 'C20.683.515'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.386.480.750.800.550', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750.800.550', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750.800.550'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Laminar air flow isolation and decontamination: a prospective randomized study of the effects of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in bone marrow transplant patients.
|
122 patients with hematologic malignancies underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donors and received one of two forms of infection prophylaxis while granulocytopenic: 1) decontamination and laminar air flow isolation (LAF, 68 patients), and 2) LAF plus prophylactic systemic antibiotics (LAF + PSA, 54 patients). Patients were evaluated for infection acquisition while in isolation. Septicemia occurred in 11 (16%) of the patients in the LAF group and in three (6%) patients in the LAF + PSA group. Fourteen (21%) of the patients in the LAF group and four (7%) patients in the LAF + PSA group had a major local infection. There was no difference in the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease or incidence and duration of fever. The addition of prophylactic intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics for patients isolated in LAF rooms significantly decreased infection acquisition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Graft vs Host Disease', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Infection Control', 'Infections', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Isolation', 'Premedication', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Random Allocation', 'Sepsis', 'Sterilization']
| 3,089,939
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['N06.230.150'], ['C20.452'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.450'], ['C01'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.770', 'N06.850.780.200.450.650'], ['E02.319.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C08.381.765'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The cell adhesion molecule L1 is developmentally regulated in the renal epithelium and is involved in kidney branching morphogenesis.
|
We immunopurified a surface antigen specific for the collecting duct (CD) epithelium. Microsequencing of three polypeptides identified the antigen as the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The kidney isoform showed a deletion of exon 3. L1 was expressed in the mesonephric duct and the metanephros throughout CD development. In the adult CD examined by electron microscopy, L1 was not expressed on intercalated cells but was restricted to CD principal cells and to the papilla tall cells. By contrast, L1 appeared late in the distal portion of the elongating nephron in the mesenchymally derived epithelium and decreased during postnatal development. Immunoblot analysis showed that expression, proteolytic cleavage, and the glycosylation pattern of L1 protein were regulated during renal development. L1 was not detected in epithelia of other organs developing by branching morphogenesis. Addition of anti-L1 antibody to kidney or lung organotypic cultures induced dysmorphogenesis of the ureteric bud epithelium but not of the lung. These results suggest a functional role for L1 in CD development in vitro. We further postulate that L1 may be involved in the guidance of developing distal tubule and in generation and maintenance of specialized cell phenotypes in CD.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Ankyrins', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Exons', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mesonephros', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Morphogenesis', 'Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Rabbits', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Deletion', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Ureter']
| 9,864,376
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.080'], ['G04.022'], ['A11.436'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.500', 'D12.776.631.655.500', 'D23.050.301.562'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['A16.599'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250.520', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250.520', 'D23.050.301.350.250.520'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D12.776.800'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G05.365.590.762', 'G05.558.800'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['A05.810.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of pilA, an essential regulatory gene of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in the stress response.
|
Sequence analysis has shown that PilA, a transcriptional regulator of pilin gene expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has extensive homology with the 54-kDa protein of the signal recognition particle of eukaryotes and its receptor, as well as with two proteins of Escherichia coli, FtsY and Ffh, which have been proposed to be a part of a signal recognition particle-like apparatus. We tested the putative role of PilA in protein export in N. gonorrhoeae and did not find any effect. However, we did observe induction of a heat shock response and a previously described slow-growth phenotype when PilA function was impaired. We also examined the interference of pilA expression in E. coli with the function of the products of ftsY and ffh and observed an accumulation of pre-beta-lactamase. We argue against a direct role for PilA in protein export in gonococci and propose instead that PilA is involved in the modulation of cell growth rate in response to different environmental conditions.
|
['Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biological Transport', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fimbriae Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae']
| 1,522,071
|
[['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.097.120.425', 'D12.776.543.100.300'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['D12.776.580.216'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First-line therapy and methylation status of CHFR in serum influence outcome to chemotherapy versus EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as second-line therapy in stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer patients.
|
The potential differential effect of first-line treatment and molecular mechanisms on survival to second-line chemotherapy or EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been fully investigated. In particular, CHFR is frequently methylated in NSCLC and may influence outcome. We analyzed the outcome of second-line chemotherapy or EGFR TKIs in 179 of 366 patients who had been treated in an ERCC1 mRNA-based customized cisplatin trial and correlated the results with CHFR methylation status. CHFR methylation in circulating DNA was examined by methylation-specific assay. A panel of seven human EGFR wild-type NSCLC cell lines was characterized for their sensitivity to sequential treatment with cisplatin and erlotinib, and the results were correlated with CHFR. Patients who had received first-line docetaxel/cisplatin attained an overall survival of 19.2 months when treated with second-line EGFR TKIs, in comparison with 10.7 months when treated with second-line chemotherapy (P = 0.0002). However, for patients who had received first-line docetaxel/gemcitabine, overall survival was 14.8 months with EGFR TKIs and 10.8 months with chemotherapy (P = 0.29). For patients with unmethylated CHFR overall survival to EGFR TKIs was 21.4 months, and 11.2 months for those with treated with chemotherapy (P = 0.0001). In the only lung tumor cell line not expressing CHFR, pretreatment with cisplatin was antagonistic to erlotinib, while it was synergistic in the other six lines. Second-line EGFR TKIs improved survival in patients receiving first-line cisplatin-based treatment. Unmethylated CHFR predicts increased survival to EGFR TKIs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cisplatin', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Erlotinib Hydrochloride', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Methylation', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Quinazolines', 'Survival Analysis', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases']
| 20,705,357
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D03.633.100.786.375'], ['G05.308.370'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.157.687', 'D12.776.660.720'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D08.811.464.938.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Bone marrow stromal cells co-modified with BMP-2 and bFGF gene].
|
AIM: To establish modified bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) which can express BMP-2 and bFGF stably.METHODS: BMP-2 and bFGF gene were amplified by RT-PCR, and then cloned into the expression vector pcDNA3.0. After being confirmed by DNA sequencing, pcDNA3.0-BMP-2 and pcDNA3.0-bFGF were co-transfected into rat BMSCs with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The expression of BMP-2 and bFGF gene in rat BMSCs was detected by RT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemical staining and ELISA.RESULTS: BMP-2 and bFGF gene were cloned, and their sequences were identical with those in GenBank. The expression plasmids, pcDNA3.0-BMP-2 and pcDNA3.0-bFGF, were constructed and co-transfected into rMSCs successfully. RT-PCR showed the mass transcription of BMP-2 and bFGF mRNA in transfected BMSCs. Western blot, immunohistochemical staining and ELISA confirmed the expression of BMP-2 and bFGF genes in transfected cells and in the supernatant.CONCLUSION: We have constructed the optimal rat BMSCs which can be used in bone tissue engineering.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stromal Cells']
| 16,507,241
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200.200', 'D23.529.942.200.200'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.624.120', 'D12.776.467.624.120', 'D23.529.624.120'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.329.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development and characterization of a potent immunoconjugate targeting the Fn14 receptor on solid tumor cells.
|
TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) are a TNF superfamily ligand-receptor pair involved in many cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The Fn14 receptor is expressed at relatively low levels in normal tissues, but it is known to be dramatically elevated in a number of tumor types, including brain and breast tumors. Thus, it seems to be an excellent candidate for therapeutic intervention. We first analyzed Fn14 expression in human tumor cell lines. Fn14 was expressed in a variety of lines including breast, brain, bladder, skin, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, colon, prostate, and cervical cancer cell lines. We then developed an immunoconjugate containing a high-affinity anti-Fn14 monoclonal antibody (ITEM-4) conjugated to recombinant gelonin (rGel), a highly cytotoxic ribosome-inactivating N-glycosidase. Both ITEM-4 and the conjugate were found to bind to cells to an equivalent extent. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that ITEM4-rGel specifically and rapidly (within 2 hours) internalized into Fn14-positive T-24 bladder cancer cells but not into Fn14-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity studies against 22 different tumor cell lines showed that ITEM4-rGel was highly cytotoxic to Fn14-expressing cells and was 8- to 8 ? 10(4)-fold more potent than free rGel. ITEM4-rGel was found to kill cells by inducing apoptosis with high-mobility group box 1 protein release. Finally, ITEM4-rGel immunoconjugate administration promoted long-term tumor growth suppression in nude mice bearing T-24 human bladder cancer cell xenografts. Our data support the use of an antibody-drug conjugate approach to selectively target and inhibit the growth of Fn14-expressing tumors.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasms', 'Protein Binding', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1', 'TWEAK Receptor', 'Tumor Burden', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 21,586,630
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.260.356.300', 'D12.776.660.235.400.600.300', 'D12.776.664.235.400.600.300'], ['A11.251.210.190.475', 'A11.251.860.180.475', 'A11.436.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C04'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.500', 'D12.776.765.710.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.974'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bosutinib, dasatinib, imatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib differentially affect the vascular molecular pathways and functionality of human endothelial cells.
|
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), nilotinib, ponatinib, and dasatinib (but not bosutinib or imatinib), are associated with vascular adverse events (VAEs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Though the mechanism is inadequately understood, an effect on vascular cells has been suggested. We investigated the effect of imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib on tube formation, cell viability, and gene expression of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found a distinct genetic profile in HUVECs treated with dasatinib, ponatinib, and nilotinib compared to bosutinib and imatinib, who resembled untreated samples. However, unique gene expression and molecular pathway alterations were detected between dasatinib, ponatinib, and nilotinib. Angiogenesis/blood vessel-related pathways and HUVEC function (tube formation/viability) were adversely affected by dasatinib, ponatinib, and nilotinib but not by imatinib or bosutinib. These results correspond to the differences in VAE profiles of these TKIs, support a direct effect on vascular cells, and provide direction for future research.
|
['Aniline Compounds', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Dasatinib', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Imidazoles', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nitriles', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridazines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Quinolines', 'RNA-Seq', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toxicity Tests', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 29,741,440
|
[['D02.092.146'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.886.675.184', 'D03.383.129.708.198', 'D03.383.742.148'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['A11.436.275.682'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.277.456', 'D02.241.223.100.100.435', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.465', 'D03.383.606.405', 'D03.383.742.349'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['C04.557.337.539.250', 'C15.378.190.636.370'], ['G09.330.630'], ['D02.626'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.710'], ['D03.383.742'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['E05.393.332.250', 'E05.393.760.319.500', 'E05.393.760.710.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['E05.940'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of bile-salt-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by the antioxidant lazaroid U83836E.
|
Intracellular retention of toxic bile salts contributes to hepatocellular injury during cholestasis. We have recently demonstrated that toxic bile salts directly induce apoptosis in hepatocytes. As oxidative stress has been implicated in many models of apoptosis, our aim was to determine if oxidative injury is a critical event during bile-salt-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Cultured rat hepatocytes incubated with 50 microM glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) exhibited the characteristic morphological features of apoptosis such as nuclear fragmentation and cellular fragmentation into organelle-containing membrane-bound apoptotic bodies. After a 3-hr incubation, apoptosis was observed in 60 +/- 8% of cells compared to <1% in controls. GCDC-induced apoptosis was associated with lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by an increase in 8-isoprostane release. The antioxidant lazaroid U83836E inhibited 8-isoprostane generation during GCDC-induced hepatocye apoptosis. In addition, U83836E also reduced GCDC-mediated apoptosis by 70% as assessed using both stringent morpholgic (nuclear fragmentation) and biochemical (determination of DNA strand breaks) criteria. In summary, during treatment of hepatocytes with GCDC, (1) apoptosis is associated with lipid peroxidation, and (2) the antioxidant lazaroid U83836E inhibits both lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. In conclusion, these data suggest that oxidative stress contributes to bile-salt-induced apoptosis. We speculate that antioxidants may be useful in ameliorating liver injury during chronic cholestasis.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholestasis', 'Chromans', 'DNA Fragmentation', 'Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Liver', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Piperazines', 'Rats']
| 9,007,040
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['C06.130.120.135'], ['D03.383.663.283.240', 'D03.633.100.150.240'], ['G05.200.230'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272.150.350', 'D04.210.500.105.225.272.411.360', 'D04.210.500.105.225.400.380.360', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.300.400', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.400.450', 'D04.210.500.221.430.484.430.420', 'D12.125.481.700.249.420.400'], ['G02.111.515', 'G03.295.531.587'], ['A03.620'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D03.383.606'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human epidermal growth factor receptor signaling contributes to tumor growth via angiogenesis in her2/neu-expressing experimental Wilms' tumor.
|
BACKGROUND: The human epidermal growth factor family (HER) members play a significant role in the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during renal tubulogenesis. HER misexpression has been linked also to loss of growth control, invasiveness, and promotion of angiogenesis in breast cancers and other human malignant tumorsMETHODS: The authors screened Wilms' tumor samples and derived cell lines for expression of her2/neu, which was detected in both unfavorable and favorable histology tissues. Xenografts were implanted in mice using her2/neu(+) and her2/neu(-) cell lines and the effect of specific blockade tested using monoclonal anti-her2/neu antibody.RESULTS: Blocking antibody suppressed tumor growth in her2/neu(+) but not her2/neu(-) experimental Wilms' tumor. In addition, antibody exposure resulted in suppression of tumor angiogenesis but no decrease in tumor cell proliferation in her2/neu(+) xenografts.CONCLUSIONS: Her2/neu contributes to the growth of some Wilms' tumors, and an important mechanism of its action is promotion of angiogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Genes, erbB-2', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Trastuzumab', 'Wilms Tumor', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 14,614,702
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.295.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875'], ['C04.557.435.595', 'C04.588.945.947.535.585', 'C04.700.900', 'C12.758.820.750.585', 'C12.777.419.473.585', 'C13.351.937.820.535.585', 'C13.351.968.419.473.585', 'C16.320.700.900'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preclinical studies of a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies in view of bone marrow purging in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
|
We analysed the optimal conditions for autologous bone marrow purging using complement binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Twelve mAbs belonging to four clusters (CD9, CD10, CD19, CD24), alone or combined were evaluated by using direct cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays. We observed the following data: (1) optimal cytotoxicity was reached with doses of 1-10 micrograms mAbs for 10(7) cells, (2) the concentration of the cell suspension had to be below 3 X 10(7)/ml, (3) combinations of mAbs were more effective than a single mAb treatment, (4) in the case of an IgM isotype, there seems to be a clear dissociation between the amount needed for optimal toxicity and that for antigenic saturation measured by cytofluorometry.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cell Count', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Neprilysin', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 2,961,950
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A15.382.216'], ['E02.095.147.725.040', 'E04.936.580.040'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.600', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.600', 'D23.050.285.550', 'D23.101.140.500'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rehydration driven RNAi: a novel approach for effectively delivering dsRNA to mosquito larvae.
|
The soft bodies and aquatic habitats of mosquito larvae pose a challenge for applying standard RNA-interference techniques to silence expression of target genes. Here we describe a novel technique for delivering double-stranded RNA into mosquito larvae by exploiting the larva's dehydration tolerance. Larvae were dehydrated in a NaCl solution and then rehydrated in water containing double-stranded RNA. Using larvae of Culex pipiens (L.) we demonstrated the principle by knocking down expression of the gene encoding heat shock protein 90. The knockdown persisted through the pupal stage and into adulthood, with a knockdown of approximately 77% still evident on the third day of adult life. We anticipate that this relatively simple procedure will prove useful for knocking down expression of other genes as well, in larvae of this mosquito and in others.
|
['Animals', 'Culex', 'HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Larva', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Double-Stranded', 'Transfection', 'Water']
| 22,308,791
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.225'], ['D12.776.580.216.380'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.490', 'G02.111.570.820.486.775', 'G05.360.580.775'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of light-emitting diode (LED) curing modes on resin/dentin bond strength.
|
PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effect of three curing modes of a high-powered curing-light source on the shear bond strength and marginal gap of light- and dual-cured adhesive resin cements to dentin.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve freshly extracted intact human mandibular molars were selected for this study and stored in the saline solution. Three of the axial surfaces of the teeth were prepared to obtain flat dentinal surfaces. Thirty-six ceramic disks (4-mm diameter, 2- mm thick) were constructed from a pressable glass-ceramic (Vision). The discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid and primed, and then divided into two equal groups, groups I and II (n = 18 each). Two adhesive systems were used following manufacturer's instructions. The discs of group I were bonded to the conditioned dentin surface using adhesive resin (Rely X Veneer), and group II discs were bonded to dentin using Rely X ARC. For each group, the resin was cured using three modes (fast, ramp, pulse). Interfacial gap at the dentin/resin interface was measured at eight predetermined sites for each specimen using a stereomicroscope, and shear bond strength of the bonded specimens was carried out using a universal testing machine.RESULTS: Ramp-cured specimens recorded significantly higher mean shear bond strengths for both dual- and light-polymerized resins than those with fast and pulse modes. Moreover, fewer interfacial gaps were found at the resin/dentin interface in association with ramp cure modes of both resins. Most failures were adhesive failures at the dentin-resin luting agent (RLA) interface in specimens polymerized using high-powered LED fast or pulse modes, while a cohesive failure pattern within the resin was associated with the ramp-curing mode.CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the shear bond strength of an RLA to dentin was found to be enhanced with light- or dual-polymerized adhesive resin using an LED light in ramp mode, whereas shear bond strength was significantly lower when polymerized using LED in fast or pulse modes.
|
['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Adhesiveness', 'Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate', 'Ceramics', 'Composite Resins', 'Curing Lights, Dental', 'Dental Bonding', 'Dental Marginal Adaptation', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Porcelain', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Dentin', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Hydrofluoric Acid', 'Materials Testing', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polymers', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Resin Cements', 'Shear Strength', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties']
| 19,682,222
|
[['E06.931.475.111'], ['G02.860.139'], ['D02.241.081.069.600.150', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.100', 'D05.750.716.822.308.200', 'D25.339.816.500.200', 'D25.720.716.822.308.200', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.200', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.200'], ['J01.637.153'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.186.104', 'E07.222.104'], ['E06.095'], ['E06.323.764', 'E06.658.224', 'E06.780.620'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['D25.339.376', 'J01.637.051.339.376', 'J01.637.153.377'], ['E06.308'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.328', 'D01.303.350'], ['E05.570'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['D05.750.716.822.730', 'D25.339.291.750', 'D25.720.716.822.730', 'J01.637.051.339.291.750', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.730'], ['G01.374.820'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Significant deterioration of anti-atherogenic efficacy of nebivolol in a double (apolipoprotein E and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis in comparison to single (apolipoprotein E) knockout model.
|
Anti-atherogenic action of nebivolol in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-single knockout mouse model can be explained by its beneficial effect on endothelium, especially on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We, therefore, decided to use apoE and eNOS-double knockout mouse model to confirm that mechanism of nebivolol beneficial action. In apoE-single knockout mice, lesion area measured by "cross-section" of aortic roots was 79,244 ± 6,143 ìm(2) in the control group versus 65,347 ± 6,152 ìm(2) in nebivolol-treated group (P<0.05). However, in apoE and eNOS-double knockout mice, lesion area measured by "cross-section" of aortic roots was 92,319 ± 8,876 ìm(2) in the control group versus 98,609 ± 9,164 ìm(2) in nebivolol-treated group (P>0.05). The comparison between apoE-single knockout mice and apoE & eNOS-double knockout mice without treatment also showed statistically significant difference: 81,232 ± 8,264 ìm(2) versus 92,319 ± 8,876 ìm(2) (P<0.05). This is the first report that describes the effect of nebivolol on atherogenesis in apoE and eNOS-double knockout mice, proving directly the necessity of the presence of eNOS in endothelium for nebivolol to show its an anti-atherogenic potency.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Benzopyrans', 'Cholesterol', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ethanolamines', 'Female', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nebivolol', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Triglycerides']
| 25,554,992
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D10.532.091.500', 'D12.776.070.400.500', 'D12.776.521.120.500'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D03.383.663.283', 'D03.633.100.150'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D02.033.100.291', 'D02.033.375.291', 'D02.092.063.291'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.491', 'D02.092.063.291.503', 'D03.383.663.283.755', 'D03.633.100.150.755'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.750'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic markers for closely-related parasitic nematodes.
|
Seven species of closely-related nematode parasite (Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. probolurus, T. retortaeformis, T. rugatus, T. vitrinus and T. tenuis) were characterized using a polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The rDNA region spanning the first and second internal transcribed spacers as well as the 5.8S rDNA gene (ITS+) was amplified from isolates of each of the seven species, digested separately with six restriction endonucleases (Dra I, Hinf I, Rsa I, Vsp I, Nla III and Tsp 509 I) and the fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. PCR-RFLP of ITS+ produced characteristic patterns for each Trichostrongylus species examined. No variation in RFLP patterns was observed among different isolates for species where multiple isolates were examined. The present study demonstrates that the ITS+ provides genetic markers for the species identification of closely-related parasitic nematodes, and indicates the usefulness of these markers for diagnostic purposes, and epidemiologic and molecular-systematic studies on parasites and other eukaryotic organisms.
|
['Animals', 'DNA Restriction Enzymes', 'DNA, Helminth', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Genes, Helminth', 'Genetic Markers', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Species Specificity', 'Trichostrongylus']
| 8,569,771
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.150.280', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300'], ['D13.444.308.315'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.310', 'G05.360.340.337.500'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G16.824'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.968.746.610']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic variability of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L. em Thell.).
|
The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition of a collection of 403 accessions of spelt wheat ( Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L. em. Thell) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Extensive variation was found, including 46 different patterns for zone B and 16 for zone C. Patterns within zone B exhibited from two to six bands and patterns in zone C had between four and six bands in SDS-PAGE gels. A higher number of bands was observed when urea was added to the gels. Zone B exhibited between six and 11 bands, and we identified 14 new patterns in this zone. For zone C, up to ten new patterns that comprised between five and nine bands were detected. For both zones, 86 patterns were found. The variability detected in this material is greater than that detected in other hulled wheats.
|
['Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Genetic Variation', 'Glutens', 'Molecular Weight', 'Triticum']
| 14,614,566
|
[['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['G05.365'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500'], ['G02.494'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuronal cell cultures as toxicologic test systems.
|
Neuronal cell cultures now represent well-characterized systems with which acute and chronic toxicologic effects of a variety of agents can be evaluated. Extensive synapse formation occurs over a period of days and weeks in these cell cultures and can be assayed semiquantitatively by morphological and electrophysiological means. Detailed morphophysiologic correlations can be made using a technique for injecting an intracellular marker protein, horseradish peroxidase. A variety of neurochemical indices of development, such as transmitter-related enzyme levels, can also be conveniently determined. The developing neuron and its synaptic connections are important objects of investigation since they may be particularly vulnerable to pathogenic materials. Examples of the effects of acute (opiate) and chronic (inhibitory aminoacid) treatments on synaptic function are given.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Central Nervous System', 'Etorphine', 'Mice', 'Neurons', 'Spinal Cord', 'Synapses', 'Time Factors', 'Toxicology', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 720,311
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186'], ['D03.132.577.249.270', 'D03.605.497.320', 'D03.633.400.686.320', 'D04.615.723.795.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.854'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780'], ['G01.910.857'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Force time-history affects fatigue accumulation during repetitive handgrip tasks.
|
Muscle fatigue is associated with a higher risk of workplace injury, in particular during repetitive tasks. This study aimed to identify the effect of a complex force-time history (a task with multiple different submaximal effort levels) on fatigue accumulation and recovery during a handgrip task. We measured surface electromyography of the brachioradialis (BRD) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) of ten right hand dominant females with no history of upper limb injury while they performed a complex submaximal visually targeted gripping task. The task consisted of 15%, 30%, 45%, 30%, and 15% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) plateaus. Each plateau was held for 15s, followed by a 3s MVC and 3s of rest. The "pyramid" was repeated until fatigue criteria were met. Grip force, average EMG and mean power frequency (MnPF) for first cycle and fatigued last cycle, were compared. Post-plateau peak grip force was on average 20.5% MVC lower during the last cycle (p<0.01). Post-plateau grip forces decreased on average by 5.1% MVC after the first 15% MVC plateau (from baseline), by 5.3% MVC after the 30% MVC plateau and 6.8% MVC after the 45% MVC plateau. Further accumulation of fatigue after the second 30% MVC plateau however was minimal, only decreasing by 1.6% MVC. Recovery appeared to occur during the last 15% MVC plateau with an increase in post plateau grip force of 1.6% MVC. Interestingly, MnPF parameters confirmed significant fatigue accumulation during the back end of a force pyramid. We conclude that in a pattern of contractions with ascending, then descending force intensity, voluntary force recovery was present when the preceding force was of a lower intensity. These findings indicate preceding demands play a role in fatigue accumulation during complex tasks.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Hand Strength', 'Humans', 'Movement', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal']
| 25,465,984
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['E01.370.600.425.500', 'G11.427.560.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The permeability of the skin of the aquatic anuran Xenopus laevis (Pipidae).
|
The undirectional transcutaneous fluxes of Na, Cl, water and urea were measured, in vitro, in the pipoid anuran Xenopus laevis. An active uptake (outside to inside) of Na was observed but Cl movements appeared to be passive. The effluxes of Na and Cl were low compared to those measured in other species of amphibians. The active Na transport was less than that of more terrestrial species and, although it could be stimulated by vasotocin, aldosterone was ineffective. The permeability of the skin to water was also low and although it was increased in the presence of vasotocin the magnitude of the response was much less than seen in more terrestrial anurans. The skin was permeable to urea but the movement of this solute was not remarkable when compared to that in other amphibians. These properties of the skin are discussed in relation to the animal's aquatic manner of life.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Chlorides', 'Permeability', 'Skin', 'Sodium', 'Urea', 'Vasotocin', 'Water', 'Xenopus']
| 624,899
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['G02.723'], ['A17.815'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D02.065.950'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.881', 'D12.644.548.691.692.881'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epikeratoplasty for keratoconus.
|
The 6 eyes of 6 patients operated on using keratoconic epikeratoplasty are evaluated, and the mean 11-month postoperative results are reported. Uncorrected visual acuities improved in 4 patients and were maintained in 1 patient. One patient revealed a decrease of uncorrected visual acuity in the postoperative 6th month. Two patients showed an improvement of over 2 Snellen lines. Two patients showed the same corrected visual acuity, and that of 2 patients decreased within the postoperative 6-months follow-up. There was a significant decrease of myopia in terms of spherical equivalent. As a result, 4 cases showed a postoperative refractive error from +1.0 to -2.5D. Two cases were myopic deviated, -4.0 and -5.0D, and need further observation. In all cases, there was an effective flattening of the protruding cone with a mean decrease of over 11D of keratometry readings. Complete reepithelization occurred within 12 days, (average 7.5 days) and a moderate pressure patch was used as a routine procedure to promote the reepithelization.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Corneal Transplantation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Keratoconus', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Acuity', 'Wound Healing']
| 1,942,600
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.225', 'E04.540.825.374', 'E04.936.580.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C11.204.627'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A signal detection theory analysis of behavioral pattern separation paradigms.
|
Behavioral pattern separation (BPS) paradigms ask participants to discriminate previously encoded (old) stimuli from highly similar (lure) and categorically distinct (novel) stimuli. The lure-old discrimination, thought to uniquely reflect pattern separation in the hippocampal formation, is typically pitted against the traditional novel-old discrimination. However, BPS paradigms have measured lure-old discrimination neither consistently across studies nor in such a way that allows for accurate comparison to novel-old discrimination. Therefore, we advocate for signal detection theory (SDT) as a unified framework. Moreover, we compare SDT with previously used measures of lure-old discrimination, indicating how other formulas' inaccuracies can lead to erroneous conclusions.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Psychological', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Signal Detection, Psychological', 'Young Adult']
| 26,179,230
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['E01.370.685.814', 'E05.796.908', 'F02.463.593.257.800', 'F02.463.593.710.725', 'F04.096.753.814', 'F04.669.908'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Distribution of risk factors according to socioeconomic status in male and female cases with coronary artery disease].
|
OBJECTIVE: Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, coronary morbidity and mortality. In industrialized countries several studies showed that the lowest SES groups have higher coronary morbidity and mortality rates and higher coronary risk factors profile. The aim of our study was to investigate the distribution of risk factors in cases with CAD in different socioeconomic groups.METHODS: Our study group consists of 550 consecutive cases with > or = 50% lesions in at least one coronary artery. Educational level and income were taken into consideration for the determination of the SES. In both sexes the distribution of eight risk factors such as, smoking, family history, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body mass index, central obesity was compared in three different groups determined according to the education and income levels.RESULTS: In men, the distribution of risk factors did not differ according to education levels. In women, central obesity was found to be higher in the group with low education level. In men, the prevalence of low HDL-C, high LDL-C and obesity increased with increasing levels of economical status. In women, central obesity was found to be inversely related with the economic status.CONCLUSION: Our data show a higher risk factor profile in men with higher income level, while in women central obesity was inversely related to the income and educational level. These data should be considered in secondary prevention efforts.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Turkey']
| 15,590,357
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Synthesis of high-molar-activity [18
|
[18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that is used to image Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and focal hyperinsulinism of infancy. Despite these important applications, [18F]FDOPA PET remains underutilized because of synthetic challenges associated with accessing the radiotracer for clinical use; these stem from the need to radiofluorinate a highly electron-rich catechol ring in the presence of an amino acid. To address this longstanding challenge in the PET radiochemistry community, we have developed a one-pot, two-step synthesis of high-molar-activity [18F]FDOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a pinacol boronate (BPin) precursor. The method is fully automated, has been validated to work well at two separate sites (an academic facility with a cyclotron on site and an industry lab purchasing [18F]fluoride from an outside vendor), and provides [18F]FDOPA in reasonable radiochemical yield (2.44 ± 0.70 GBq, 66 ± 19 mCi, 5 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>98%) and high molar activity (76 ± 30 TBq/mmol, 2,050 ± 804 Ci/mmol), n = 26. Herein we report a detailed protocol for the synthesis of [18F]FDOPA that has been successfully implemented at two sites and validated for production of the radiotracer for human use.
|
['Boronic Acids', 'Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Copper', 'Dihydroxyphenylalanine', 'Fluorine Radioisotopes', 'Glycols', 'Halogenation']
| 32,269,382
|
[['D01.029.260.110', 'D01.132.285', 'D02.203.200'], ['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D02.092.311.200', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.200', 'D12.125.072.050.685.400', 'D12.125.072.050.875.130'], ['D01.496.749.340'], ['D02.033.455'], ['G02.111.323', 'G03.360']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Chronic dizziness in a pain patient--pharmacogenomic identification of tramadol as cause].
|
This casuistic reports on a 59-year-old pain patient taking normal dosage Tramadol as analgetic drug, who suffered from chronic dizziness leading to immobilisation for more than 9 months. On admission to inpatient rehabilitation Tramadol was removed in exchange for morphine sulphate with the unexpected result of a prompt and lasting stop of dizziness. A molecular-genetic investigation showed a duplication in the CYP2D6 gene. This genetic situation caused a quick metabolizing-status for substances dependent on CYP2D6 like Tramadol, which is a prodrug. The quick metabolizing-status resulted in an increased rate of active Tramadol-metabolites which caused the chronic dizziness. Under morphine sulphate which is metabolized independently of CYP2D6, a sufficient analgetic outcome could be achieved. Dizziness did not appear in the patient any longer, and he could be mobilised during rehabilitation. Pharmacogenomic knowledge has helped develop a sustainable concept for rehabilitation of this seriously ill patient, and to put it into practise successfully.
|
['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Dipyrone', 'Dizziness', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Genes, Duplicate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesothelioma', 'Middle Aged', 'Morphine', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Pleural Neoplasms', 'Rehabilitation Centers', 'Tramadol']
| 21,140,323
|
[['D27.505.696.277.600.500', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760.500', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550.500', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600.500'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['E02.186.170', 'E02.319.170'], ['D08.244.453.005.600', 'D08.244.453.491.372', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.600', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.368', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.600', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.368'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['D03.383.129.539.850.077.150'], ['C23.888.592.763.237'], ['E02.319.310'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.510', 'C04.557.470.660.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['C04.588.894.797.640', 'C08.528.694', 'C08.785.640'], ['N02.278.808'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.802', 'D02.092.668.387.750', 'D10.289.510.500.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tibiofemoral kinematics and condylar motion during the stance phase of gait.
|
Accurate knowledge of the dynamic knee motion in-vivo is instrumental for understanding normal and pathological function of the knee joint. However, interpreting motion of the knee joint during gait in other than the sagittal plane remains controversial. In this study, we utilized the dual fluoroscopic imaging technique to investigate the six-degree-of-freedom kinematics and condylar motion of the knee during the stance phase of treadmill gait in eight healthy volunteers at a speed of 0.67 m/s. We hypothesized that the 6DOF knee kinematics measured during gait will be different from those reported for non-weightbearing activities, especially with regards to the phenomenon of femoral rollback. In addition, we hypothesized that motion of the medial femoral condyle in the transverse plane is greater than that of the lateral femoral condyle during the stance phase of treadmill gait. The rotational motion and the anterior-posterior translation of the femur with respect to the tibia showed a clear relationship with the flexion-extension path of the knee during the stance phase. Additionally, we observed that the phenomenon of femoral rollback was reversed, with the femur noted to move posteriorly with extension and anteriorly with flexion. Furthermore, we noted that motion of the medial femoral condyle in the transverse plane was greater than that of the lateral femoral condyle during the stance phase of gait (17.4+/-2.0mm vs. 7.4+/-6.1mm, respectively; p<0.01). The trend was opposite to what has been observed during non-weightbearing flexion or single-leg lunge in previous studies. These data provide baseline knowledge for the understanding of normal physiology and for the analysis of pathological function of the knee joint during walking. These findings further demonstrate that knee kinematics is activity-dependent and motion patterns of one activity (non-weightbearing flexion or lunge) cannot be generalized to interpret a different one (gait).
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motion', 'Tibia', 'Walking']
| 19,497,573
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G01.482'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
International medical graduates' reflections on facilitators and barriers to undertaking the Australian medical council examination.
|
OBJECTIVE: In Australia, 25% of international medical graduates (IMGs) make up the medical workforce. Concern is expressed in the literature about the lack of awareness and knowledge of issues that impinge on IMGs' education. Although there is literature alluding to difficulties IMGs face with undertaking the Australian Medical Council (AMC) examination, there is little research detailing this experience. We therefore explored IMGs' reflections on facilitators and barriers in undertaking the AMC examination.METHODS: After ethics approval, in-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 30 IMGs selected from a hospital in Queensland. Data were coded and analysed using thematic analysis principles. Results. Two facilitating themes were identified: ability to sit for the first part of the examination in country of origin; and having access to resources such as bridging courses and study groups. Three themes represented barriers: not understanding procedural steps; financial issues; and lack of information on examination content and standards.CONCLUSION: The themes provide new insights and add depth to existing literature that can be used to improve procedural processes and education for IMGs towards successful outcomes in the AMC examination.
|
['Australia', 'Clinical Competence', 'Educational Measurement', 'Foreign Medical Graduates', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic']
| 22,935,121
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.399'], ['M01.526.407.435', 'M01.526.485.810.390', 'N02.360.810.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Activation of caspase-3 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathways involving heroin-induced neuronal apoptosis.
|
Heroin has been shown to cause spongiform leukoencephalopathy (SLE) in heroin addicts. In this study, we found that heroin could induce apoptosis of primary cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is activated during CGCs apoptosis. Inhibiting JNK with a specific inhibitor, SP600125, reduced the levels of c-Jun phosphorylation and caspase-3 activation. We also showed that use the JNK inhibitor SP600125, caspase inhibitor z-VAD, or use SP600125 and z-VAD together significantly suppressed cell death induced by heroin. These results indicate that JNK pathway is an important mediator of the neurotoxic effects of heroin and inhibiting JNK activity may represent a new and effective strategy to treat heroin-induced SLE.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspase Inhibitors', 'Cerebellum', 'Cytoplasmic Granules', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Heroin', 'Heroin Dependence', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'Narcotics', 'Neurons', 'Primary Cell Culture', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 21,856,377
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['D27.505.519.389.745.325.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.500', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.445', 'D03.605.497.607.490', 'D03.633.400.686.607.490', 'D04.615.723.795.576.445'], ['C25.775.643.500.400', 'F03.900.647.500.300'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.500', 'D12.644.360.450.340.500', 'D12.776.476.450.340.500'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E01.370.225.500.223.500', 'E05.200.500.265.500', 'E05.242.223.500', 'E05.481.500.249.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antemortem diagnosis and successful management of noncompressive segmental myelopathy in a Siberian-Bengal mixed breed tiger.
|
A 10-yr-old female spayed mixed breed tiger presented for a 9-day history of acute and nonprogressive paralysis of the pelvic limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion suggestive of fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy with regional spinal cord edema, decreased disk signal intensity at L2-L3, and mild intervertebral disk protrusion at L1-L2 and L2-L3. Cerebral spinal fluid analysis showed no overt evidence of infection or neoplasia. Medical therapy was instituted, including corticosteroids and gastroprotectants as well as nursing care and physical therapy. The tiger began showing clinical improvement 2 wk after initiating treatment, progressing to the point where the animal was standing and intermittently walking. Three months after diagnosis, the tiger had regained muscle strength of its hind limbs and walked regularly with improving coordination. This case is the first report of antemortem diagnosis and successful medical management of suspected fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy in a large exotic felid.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Cartilage Diseases', 'Dexamethasone', 'Embolism', 'Gastritis', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'Sucralfate', 'Tigers']
| 24,450,082
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['C05.182', 'C17.300.182'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['C14.907.355.350'], ['C06.405.205.697', 'C06.405.748.398'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['C10.228.854'], ['D02.886.740.299', 'D09.698.629.305.770.850', 'D09.947.750.770.850'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.600.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis, intracellular processing and secretion of thrombospondin in human endothelial cells.
|
The biosynthesis of thrombospondin, a glycoprotein first described in platelets, has been studied in human endothelial cells. This glycoprotein has a molecular mass of 450 kDa. It is secreted and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of several cell types in culture. Pulse-chase experiments with [3H]leucine were performed and the synthesis and secretion of the glycoprotein was studied by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of these experiments show that the three subunits of thrombospondin are identical in molecular mass. During synthesis there is a small but significant increase in molecular mass within 20 min after pulse labeling. The early form of thrombospondin is sensitive to endoglucosaminidase H treatment, indicating that a transformation of the oligosaccharide structures from 'high-mannose' to 'complex' structures takes place. Within 60 min after synthesis only the mature form of the glycoprotein is secreted into the medium. In the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, there is a reduction in molecular mass of the subunit from 165 kDa to 155 kDa. Pulse-chase experiments in the presence of tunicamycin supported the conclusion that the carbohydrate part is processed during biosynthesis. Inhibition of glycosylation had a pronounced effect on the secretion of thrombospondin. The decreased occurrence of thrombospondin in the culture medium seemed to be due to a high intracellular degradation rate of unglycosylated thrombospondin. Characterization of the glycopeptide structures of thrombospondin metabolically labeled with [3H]mannose by Bio-Gel P-4 and concanavalin-A-Sepharose column chromatography revealed that the oligosaccharide structures of the cellular and secreted forms of thrombospondin differ in their composition.
|
['Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Blood Platelets', 'Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endothelium', 'Glycoproteins', 'Glycoside Hydrolases', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immunochemistry', 'Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase', 'Pronase', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Thrombospondins', 'Tunicamycin']
| 3,935,437
|
[['D08.811.277.450.483.180.500'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D08.811.277.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['H01.158.201.486', 'H01.181.122.605', 'H02.403.044.500'], ['D08.811.277.450.483.765'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.680', 'D08.811.277.656.300.760.638', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.680', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.638'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D12.776.395.550.895', 'D12.776.543.550.895'], ['D03.383.742.680.725', 'D13.570.685.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The triakontatetraneuropeptide TTN increases [CA2+]i in rat astrocytes through activation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors.
|
Astrocytes synthesize a series of regulatory peptides called endozepines, which act as endogenous ligands of benzodiazepine receptors. We have recently shown that one of these endozepines, the triakontatetraneuropeptide TTN, stimulates DNA synthesis in astroglial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanism of action of TTN on cultured rat astrocytes. Binding of the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligand [3H]Ro5-4864 to intact astrocytes was displaced by TTN, whereas its C-terminal fragment (TTN[17-34], the octadecaneuropeptide ODN) did not compete for [3H]Ro5-4864 binding. Microfluorimetric measurement of cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) with the fluorescent probe indo-1 showed that TTN (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) provokes a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i in cultured astrocytes. Simultaneous administration of TTN (10(-8) M) and Ro5-4864 (10(-5) M) induced an increase in [Ca2+]i similar to that obtained with Ro5-4864 alone. In contrast, the effects of TTN (10(-8) M) and ODN (10(-8) M) on [Ca2+]i were strictly additive. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA (6 mM) or blockage of Ca2+ channels with Ni2+ (2 mM) abrogated the stimulatory effect of TTN. The calcium influx evoked by TTN (10(-7) M) or by Ro5-4864 (10(-5) M) was not affected by the N- and T-type calcium channel blockers omega-conotoxin (10(-6) M) and mibefradil (10(-6) M), but was significantly reduced by the L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine (10(-7) M). Patch-clamp studies showed that, at negative potentials, TTN (10(-7) M) induced a sustained depolarization. Reduction of the chloride concentration in the extracellular solution shifted the reversal potential from 0 mV to a positive potential. These data show that TTN, acting through peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, provokes chloride efflux, which in turn induces calcium influx via L-type calcium channels in rat astrocytes.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Astrocytes', 'Binding Sites', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Central Nervous System', 'Cytosol', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Neuropeptides', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Radioligand Assay', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 11,460,265
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['G02.111.820.800.100', 'G03.143.500.100', 'G04.835.800.100'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.644.541'], ['E01.370.225.985', 'E01.370.374.650', 'E01.370.384.720', 'E05.200.985'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sampling through time and phylodynamic inference with coalescent and birth-death models.
|
Many population genetic models have been developed for the purpose of inferring population size and growth rates from random samples of genetic data. We examine two popular approaches to this problem, the coalescent and the birth–death-sampling model (BDM), in the context of estimating population size and birth rates in a population growing exponentially according to the birth–death branching process. For sequences sampled at a single time, we found the coalescent and the BDM gave virtually indistinguishable results in terms of the growth rates and fraction of the population sampled, even when sampling from a small population. For sequences sampled at multiple time points, we find that the birth–death model estimators are subject to large bias if the sampling process is misspecified. Since BDMs incorporate a model of the sampling process, we show how much of the statistical power of BDMs arises from the sequence of sample times and not from the genealogical tree. This motivates the development of a new coalescent estimator, which is augmented with a model of the known sampling process and is potentially more precise than the coalescent that does not use sample time information.
|
['Animals', 'Death', 'Genetics, Population', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'Parturition']
| 25,401,173
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.260'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G08.686.784.769.490']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry reveals the distribution of carbon metabolites during nitrogen starvation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.
|
Nitrogen availability is one of the most important factors for the survival of cyanobacteria. Previous studies on Synechocystis revealed a contradictory situation with regard to metabolism during nitrogen starvation; that is, glycogen accumulated even though the expressions of sugar catabolic genes were widely upregulated. Here, we conducted transcript and metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry on Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under nitrogen starvation. The levels of some tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (succinate, malate and fumarate) were greatly increased by nitrogen deprivation. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides were markedly downregulated under nitrogen depletion. The levels of 19 amino acids changed under nitrogen deprivation, especially those of amino acids synthesized from pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate, which showed marked increases. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the amount of NADPH and the NADPH/NADH ratio decreased under nitrogen depletion. These data demonstrate that there are increases in not only glycogen but also in metabolites downstream of sugar catabolism in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under nitrogen starvation, resolving the contradiction between glycogen accumulation and induction of sugar catabolic gene expression in this unicellular cyanobacterium.
|
['Carbohydrate Metabolism', 'Carbon', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Electrophoresis, Capillary', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Glycogen', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Metabolome', 'Nitrogen', 'Purines', 'Pyrimidines', 'Starvation', 'Synechocystis']
| 23,796,428
|
[['G02.111.158', 'G03.191'], ['D01.268.150'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['E05.196.401.190', 'E05.301.300.190'], ['G05.308.300'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G03.500'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['D03.383.742'], ['C18.654.521.750'], ['B03.280.750', 'B03.440.475.100.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute diarrhoeal disease in children under 7 years of age in a peri-urban slum of Santiago, Chile.
|
A group of 168 families who lived in a peri-urban slum in Santiago were surveyed for 9 months. All of them had a child under 7 years of age. Medical activities and data collection were carried out at a Field Station and by means of twice-weekly visits to each home, at which time cases of diarrhoea were recorded and investigated. Faecal samples for bacteriological, parasitological and rotavirus studies were obtained during each episode. The characteristics of clinical course, hygienic practices in the family, and monthly anthropometric measurements of infants and toddlers were also recorded. The mean monthly incidence of diarrhoea was 7.1 episodes per 100 children. Of the episodes, 44.2% were associated with pathogenic bacteria, 14.4% with rotavirus, 38.4% with parasites and in 27.9% no enteropathogens were identified. It was found that adequate hygienic habits were not associated with a decreased risk of developing diarrhoea and that about 60% of children did not have diarrhoea throughout the study period. The nutritional status was adequate in most cases: weight-for-age was below the 5th percentile in 11.5% of subjects and the height-for-age was normal in all. No moderate or severe cases of malnutrition were detected.
|
['Age Factors', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chile', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Infant', 'Rotavirus Infections', 'Social Class', 'Urban Population']
| 4,067,299
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C01.150.252'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.547', 'N06.850.670'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.925.782.791.814'], ['I01.880.853.996.755', 'N01.824.782'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
What is eupnea.
|
Respiratory neuronal networks in vertebrates appear to be able to generate a variety of rhythmic patterns in vivo, leading to the biological diversity of eupneic patterns as well as to life-threatening dyspneic patterns. Eupnea is best viewed as the collection of respiratory strategies preventing potential dyspneas, the major (and perhaps the only) criterion for a definition being that eupnea allows survival. Specific criteria can then be derived from the physiological identification of neurobiological mechanisms underlying identified dyspneic patterns, by exaggerating (pro-dyspneic mechanisms) or suppressing them (anti-dyspneic mechanisms). Because eupnea is vital, and one of the major targets of evolutionary pressure, identification of dyspnea-related neuronal systems seems to be important to understand the normal biological organization of the respiratory neuronal system.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Apnea', 'Brain', 'Dyspnea', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Neurobiology', 'Respiration', 'Respiratory Physiological Phenomena']
| 14,637,315
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C08.618.085', 'C23.888.852.130'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['H01.158.273.610', 'H01.158.610.080'], ['G09.772.705'], ['G09.772']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Do Skin Perforator Flaps Accommodate Foot Growth in Children after Reconstruction?
|
Backgrounds Whether or not the flap accommodates growth is unpredictable and remains to be determined. We hypothesized that perforator flaps may accommodate growth after reconstruction in children and evaluated change of the flap after foot and ankle reconstruction. Methods A retrospective review of 28 children from 2003 to 2015 was performed with children under 14 years of age who had foot and ankle soft tissue defects. The following evaluations were made: (1) comparing flap to foot growth, (2) comparing flap/foot dimension using the photo-anthropometric technique defined as proportionality index (PI), and (3) comparing PI ratio of flap to foot area at intervals (ÄPI). All values were measured and statistically evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis and paired t-test. Subsequent complications and functional results were also evaluated. Result Foot and flap after growth had positive correlation in Pearson's correlation analysis, showing the flap expands as the foot grows. The mean intraoperative and postoperative PI was 0.3 and 0.2475, respectively, with statistical significance (ÄPI; p < 0.01). However, no patient had growth disturbance or functional impairment. There was no correlation between ÄPI and motor power grade or between ÄPI and range of motion (p > 0.01). Conclusion The skin perforator flap significantly expands during growth after reconstruction. Although the expansion of the flap to foot may not be a one-to-one ratio, it expands enough not to impair the growth or functional outcome of the foot. Skin perforator flap showed growth as children grow and can be considered as a reliable and feasible option in pediatric reconstructive surgery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Ankle', 'Ankle Injuries', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Foot Injuries', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Perforator Flap', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Soft Tissue Injuries', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 27,367,806
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A01.378.610.050'], ['C26.558.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['C26.558.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.850.710.750', 'E07.862.710.750'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E04.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26.808'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Diagnostic significance of tests with toxoplasmin in clinical practice].
|
Intracutaneous test (ICT) with toxoplasmin is a technically simple and inexpensive method of laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Of the 5472 examined sick persons, 54.28 percent displayed a positive ICT. With a positive ICT, any titer of any serological reaction of toxoplasmosis is regarded as a diagnostic titer.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antigen-Antibody Reactions', 'Humans', 'Immune Sera', 'Immunoassay', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Serologic Tests', 'Skin Tests', 'Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasmosis']
| 12,889,370
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['G12.122'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A12.207.152.846.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.573', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.573', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.573', 'D20.215.401'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['E01.370.225.812.871', 'E05.200.812.871', 'E05.478.594.890'], ['B01.043.075.189.250.750.800'], ['C01.610.752.250.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The mouse QTL map helps interpret human genome-wide association studies for HDL cholesterol.
|
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies represent a powerful strategy for identifying susceptibility genes for complex diseases in human populations but results must be confirmed and replicated. Because of the close homology between mouse and human genomes, the mouse can be used to add evidence to genes suggested by human studies. We used the mouse quantitative trait loci (QTL) map to interpret results from a GWA study for genes associated with plasma HDL cholesterol levels. We first positioned single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a human GWA study on the genomic map for mouse HDL QTL. We then used mouse bioinformatics, sequencing, and expression studies to add evidence for one well-known HDL gene (Abca1) and three newly identified genes (Galnt2, Wwox, and Cdh13), thus supporting the results of the human study. For GWA peaks that occur in human haplotype blocks with multiple genes, we examined the homologous regions in the mouse to prioritize the genes using expression, sequencing, and bioinformatics from the mouse model, showing that some genes were unlikely candidates and adding evidence for candidate genes Mvk and Mmab in one haplotype block and Fads1 and Fads2 in the second haplotype block. Our study highlights the value of mouse genetics for evaluating genes found in human GWA studies.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Computational Biology', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genome', 'Genome, Human', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Sequence Homology']
| 21,444,760
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.238', 'D10.532.432.400', 'D10.570.938.208.270', 'D12.776.521.479.470'], ['E05.393.183'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['G02.111.810', 'G05.810']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Structural and Kinetic Characteristics of 1,4-Dioxane-Degrading Bacterial Consortia Containing the Phylum TM7.
|
1,4-Dioxane-degrading bacterial consortia were enriched from forest soil (FS) and activated sludge (AS) using a defined medium containing 1,4-dioxane as the sole carbon source. These two enrichments cultures appeared to have inducible tetrahydrofuran/dioxane and propane degradation enzymes. According to qPCR results on the 16S rRNA and soluble di-iron monooxygenase genes, the relative abundances of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria to total bacteria in FS and AS were 29.4% and 57.8%, respectively. For FS, the cell growth yields (Y), maximum specific degradation rate (Vmax), and half-saturation concentration (Km) were 0.58 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, 0.037 mg-dioxane/mg-protein?h, and 93.9 mg/l, respectively. For AS, Y, Vmax, and Km were 0.34 mg-protein/mg-dioxane, 0.078 mg-dioxane/mg-protein?h, and 181.3 mg/l, respectively. These kinetics data of FS and AS were similar to previously reported values. Based on bacterial community analysis on 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two enrichment cultures, the FS consortium was identified to contain 38.3% of Mycobacterium and 10.6% of Afipia, similar to previously reported literature. Meanwhile, 49.5% of the AS consortium belonged to the candidate division TM7, which has never been reported to be involved in 1,4-dioxane biodegradation. However, recent studies suggested that TM7 bacteria were associated with degradation of non-biodegradable and hazardous materials. Therefore, our results showed that previously unknown 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria might play an important role in enriched AS. Although the metabolic capability and ecophysiological significance of the predominant TM7 bacteria in AS enrichment culture remain unclear, our data reveal hidden characteristics of the TM7 phylum and provide a perspective for studying this previously uncultured phylotype.
|
['Bacteria', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Dioxanes', 'Kinetics', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Phylogeny', 'Sewage', 'Soil Microbiology']
| 27,470,275
|
[['B03'], ['D12.776.097'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D03.383.188'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ethanol-induced limb defects in mice: effect of strain and Ro15-4513.
|
It is now thought that ethanol exerts many of its behavioral effects in the CNS by interaction with the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, and it has been shown that the benzodiazepine reverse agonist Ro15-4513 reverses some of the CNS effects produced by ethanol. The hypothesis was tested that ethanol exerts its teratogenic effects through interaction with a putative embryonic GABA receptor by determining whether Ro15-4513 reverses ethanol-induced forelimb ectrodactyly in C57BL/6 mice. First, pregnant C57BL/6 dams were injected twice i.p. with ethanol (2.9 g/kg body weight, 4 hr apart) on day 10 of gestation: 49% of the fetuses were resorbed or dead and 46% of the survivors showed forelimb ectrodactyly. In contrast, when SWV mice were treated with ethanol, embryolethality was only 11.9% and no forelimb ectrodactyly was observed. In a second experiment, when ethanol (2.6 g/kg x 2) was administered to C57BL/6 mice, 34% resorptions and 31% forelimb ectrodactyly were observed. Ectrodactyly induced by ethanol was primarily of the forelimb and exclusively postaxial. Ethanol produced an unusual forelimb defect in a small number of instances where there was a postaxial autopod reduction defect coupled with a preaxial zeugopod reduction defect. Ro15-4513 administered alone (50 mg/kg x 2) was neither embryolethal nor teratogenic in C57BL/6 mice. To attempt to reverse the teratogenic effect of ethanol, dams that were injected 5 min before each ethanol administration with Ro15-4513 (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg twice) showed no significant change in frequency of forelimb ectrodactyly compared to embryos treated with ethanol alone. However, resorptions increased significantly to 77% and 62% with the 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of Ro15-4513. Thus there appears to be an embryolethal interaction of Ro15-4513 with ethanol. Nevertheless, since Ro15-4513 did not reverse the teratogenic effect induced by ethanol, these results do not support the hypothesis that the teratogenic mechanism of ethanol is mediated through a putative embryonic GABA receptor.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Animals', 'Azides', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Fetal Resorption', 'Forelimb', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pregnancy', 'Radiography', 'Receptors, GABA-A']
| 2,160,130
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['D02.033.375'], ['C13.703.223.300', 'C23.550.260.585.260'], ['A13.395'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of DNA damage induced by apoptosis in the rat brain following incomplete ischemia.
|
To clarify the pathogenesis and molecular basis of ischemia-related nerve cell death, we examined the occurrence of DNA fragmentation as a hallmark of apoptotic cell death following incomplete ischemia in the rat brain by means of in situ end labeling of fragmented DNA. Incomplete ischemia was produced by permanently occluding one carotid artery, while temporarily occluding the other. The condensed nuclei of ischemic neurons in the neocortex, and in the subiculum and CA1 area of the hippocampus were positively stained 24 h and 3 days following vessel occlusion, respectively, and their morphology was typically apoptotic. The ischemic neurons with condensed nuclei gradually increased in number and were clearly stained for fragmented DNA in these areas. The labeled nuclei in the neocortex became pyknotic 72 h later, and in the hippocampus 7 days later incomplete ischemia. After attaining a peak, the number of labeled nuclei decreased with the duration of recovery in all areas. These results suggest that an apoptotic process plays, at least primarily, a role in the degeneration of neurons associated with incomplete forebrain ischemia in rat.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'DNA Damage', 'Deoxyribonuclease I', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Prosencephalon', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 7,609,899
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G05.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.250'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microneedle delivery of trivalent influenza vaccine to the skin induces long-term cross-protection.
|
A painless self-immunization method with effective and broad cross-protection is urgently needed to prevent infections against newly emerging influenza viruses. In this study, we investigated the cross-protection efficacy of trivalent influenza vaccine containing inactivated A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) and B/Lee/40 after skin vaccination using microneedle patches coated with this vaccine. Microneedle vaccination of mice in the skin provided 100% protection against lethal challenges with heterologous pandemic strain influenza A/California/04/09, heterogeneous A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 viruses 8 months after boost immunization. Cross-reactive serum IgG antibody responses against heterologous influenza viruses A/California/04/09, A/Philippines/2/82 and B/Victoria/287 were induced at high levels. Hemagglutination inhibition titers were also maintained at high levels against these heterogeneous viruses. Microneedle vaccination induced substantial levels of cross-reactive IgG antibody responses in the lung and cellular immune responses, as well as cross-reactive antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen. Viral loads in the lung were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. All mice survived after viral challenges. These results indicate that skin vaccination with trivalent vaccine using a microneedle array could provide protection against seasonal epidemic or new pandemic strain of influenza viruses.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Needles', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections']
| 26,957,023
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.300'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['E02.319.267.530.620.410'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E07.612'], ['C01.925.782.620']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The partograph for the prevention of obstructed labor.
|
Obstructed labor is an important cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The partograph graphically represents key events in labor and provides an early warning system. The World Health Organization partographs are the best known partographs in low resource settings. Experiences with World Health Organization and other types of partographs in low resource settings suggest that when used with defined management protocols, this inexpensive tool can effectively monitor labor and prevent obstructed labor. However, challenges to implementation exist and these should be addressed urgently.
|
['Decision Making', 'Female', 'Fetal Monitoring', 'Humans', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Maternal Mortality', 'Obstetric Labor Complications', 'Pregnancy', 'Uterine Contraction', 'World Health Organization']
| 19,407,533
|
[['F02.463.785.373'], ['E01.370.378.230', 'E01.370.520.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.500', 'N01.224.935.698.653', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.500', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.500'], ['C13.703.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.326.700', 'G11.427.494.890'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Control of Auditory Attention in Children With Specific Language Impairment.
|
PURPOSE: Children with specific language impairment (SLI) appear to demonstrate deficits in attention and its control. Selective attention involves the cognitive control of attention directed toward a relevant stimulus and simultaneous inhibition of attention toward irrelevant stimuli. The current study examined attention control during a cross-modal word recognition task.METHOD: Twenty participants with SLI (ages 9-12 years) and 20 age-matched peers with typical language development (TLD) listened to words through headphones and were instructed to attend to the words in 1 ear while ignoring the words in the other ear. They were simultaneously presented with pictures and asked to make a lexical decision about whether the pictures and auditory words were the same or different. Accuracy and reaction time were measured in 5 conditions, in which the stimulus in the unattended channel was manipulated.RESULTS: The groups performed with similar accuracy. Compared with their peers with TLD, children with SLI had slower reaction times overall and different within-group patterns of performance by condition.CONCLUSIONS: Children with TLD showed efficient inhibitory control in conditions that required active suppression of competing stimuli. Participants with SLI had difficulty exerting control over their auditory attention in all conditions, with particular difficulty inhibiting distractors of all types.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Attention', 'Auditory Perception', 'Child', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Language Disorders', 'Male', 'Psychological Tests', 'Reaction Time']
| 26,262,428
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.593.071', 'G07.888.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['C10.597.606.150.500', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500'], ['F04.711'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
PredHydroxy: computational prediction of protein hydroxylation site locations based on the primary structure.
|
Compared to well-known and extensively studied protein phosphorylation, protein hydroxylation attracts much less attention and the molecular mechanism of the hydroxylation is still incompletely understood. And yet annotation of hydroxylation in proteomes is a first-critical step toward decoding protein function and understanding their physiological roles that have been implicated in the pathological processes and providing useful information for the drug designs of various diseases related with hydroxylation. In this work, we present a novel method called PredHydroxy to automate the prediction of the proline and lysine hydroxylation sites based on position weight amino acids composition, 8 high-quality amino acid indices and support vector machines. The PredHydroxy achieved a promising performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 82.72% and a Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) of 69.03% for hydroxyproline as well as an AUC of 87.41% and a MCC of 66.68% for hydroxylysine in jackknife cross-validation. The results obtained from both the cross validation and independent tests suggest that the PredHydroxy might be a powerful and complementary tool for further experimental investigation of protein hydroxylation. Feature analyses demonstrate that hydroxylation and non-hydroxylation have distinct location-specific differences; alpha and turn propensity is of importance for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues. A user-friendly server is freely available on the web at: .
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Computational Biology', 'Hydroxylation', 'Position-Specific Scoring Matrices', 'Proteins', 'ROC Curve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Software', 'Support Vector Machine', 'Web Browser']
| 25,534,958
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['G02.111.385', 'G02.607.348', 'G03.425'], ['E05.318.740.600.650', 'E05.393.760.670', 'G02.111.570.580.175.500'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.900'], ['G17.035.250.500.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500.500'], ['L01.224.900.940', 'L01.470.937']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Testosterone and estradiol regulate free insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), and dimeric IGF-I/IGFBP-1 concentrations.
|
The present study tests the clinical postulate that elevated testosterone (Te) and estradiol (E2) concentrations modulate the effects of constant iv infusion of saline vs. recombinant human IGF-I on free IGF-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1, and dimeric IGF-I/IGFBP-1 concentrations in healthy aging adults. To this end, comparisons were made after administration of placebo (Pl) vs. Te in eight older men (aged 61 +/- 4 yr) and after Pl vs. E2 in eight postmenopausal women (62 +/- 3 yr). In the saline session, E2 lowered and Te increased total IGF-I; E2 specifically elevated IGFBP-1 by 1.5-fold and suppressed free IGF-I by 34%; and E2 increased binary IGF-I/IGFBP-1 by 5-fold more than Te. During IGF-I infusion, the following were found: 1) total and free IGF-I rose 1.4- to 2.0-fold (Pl) and 2.1-2.5-fold (Te) more rapidly in men than women; 2) binary IGF-I/IGFBP-1 increased 3.4-fold more rapidly in men (Te) than women (E2); and 3) end-infusion free IGF-I was 1.6-fold higher in men than women. In summary, E2, compared with Te supplementation, lowers concentrations of total and ultrafiltratably free IGF-I and elevates those of IGFBP-1 and binary IGF-I/IGFBP-1, thus putatively limiting IGF-I bioavailability. If free IGF-I mediates certain biological actions, then exogenous Te and E2 may modulate the tissue effects of total IGF-I concentrations unequally.
|
['Aged', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dimerization', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy Proteins', 'Prospective Studies', 'Testosterone']
| 15,713,723
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.420.250'], ['D12.776.157.420'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Assessing the risk of Alzheimer's disease in first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's disease cases.
|
Family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated using a telephone reinterview of 99 cases and 116 controls selected from a case-control study of 170 matched pairs. It was found that the family history method used in the initial interview was satisfactory in identifying first-degree relatives and assessing their ages of birth and death, but the number of first-degree relatives suffering from AD was probably under-estimated. Family history of AD was confirmed as a risk factor for AD. Higher estimates of cumulative incidence were obtained among case relatives than among control relatives. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that a familial form of AD is more common in those with earlier onset AD (before age 75) in those who display early, prominent features of aphasia or apraxia, or that an AD gene may be sex-linked. The curves for cumulative incidence showed no tendency to reach an asymptote, as is implied by the theory that some forms of AD are due to the action of an autosomal dominant gene. Estimates of lifetime risk by age 90 were within the range found by other investigators. Much larger samples of the very old are needed to obtain estimates of total lifetime risk with smaller standard errors.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Australia', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Data Collection', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Factors']
| 8,134,515
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Direct and indirect costs attributable to osteoarthritis in active subjects.
|
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of osteoarthritis (OA) in an active population, and to identify factors significantly influencing these expenditures.METHODS: A cohort of 3,440 subjects employed by the Li?ge City Council was followed prospectively for 6 months. Subjects were asked to report monthly OA related health resource utilization (contacts with health professionals, medical examinations, drug consumption, etc.) and absence from work. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) was evaluated at baseline using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-form 36 (SF-36). Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with the probability that the individual incurred costs, and multiple regression identified factors influencing the magnitude of these costs.RESULTS: A total of 1,811 subjects filled in at least one questionnaire (response rate 52%). The mean duration of followup was 3.46 months. Self-reported prevalence of OA was 34.1%. The mean total direct costs were 44.5 euros per OA patient-month. Contacts with health professionals, medical examinations, drugs, and hospital stays accounted for 23.7 euros, 8.7 euros, 6.7 euros, and 4.9 euros, respectively, per OA patient-month. The average number of sick-leave days was 0.8 per OA patient-month. From a payer's perspective, this loss of productivity represented a mean cost of 64.5 euros per OA patient-month. We also recorded 0.02 mean days off work per active subject-month due to informal care by relatives, yielding a mean cost of 1.8 euro per active subject-month for the employer. Poorer scores for most of the dimensions of the SF-36 at baseline were significantly associated with greater likelihood of incurring direct and indirect costs and with higher costs among subjects who reported costs. If we consider the overall cohort of active subjects, the burden of OA related to the direct and indirect costs was 15.2 euros and 23.8 euros, respectively, per active subject-month.CONCLUSION: Direct and indirect costs attributable to OA are substantial, with productivity related costs being predominant. Poorer HRQOL was a major determinant of these expenditures.
|
['Adult', 'Belgium', 'Cost of Illness', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 16,755,664
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['E01.370.400'], ['N01.824.245'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Theory development should begin (but not end) with good empirical fits: a comment on Roberts and Pashler (2000).
|
S. Roberts and H. Pashler (2000) argued against using goodness of fit as evidence to support theories. The authors agree with their suggestions for how to go beyond good fits but disagree with their starting point. In this comment, the authors argue that good fits are part and parcel of theory development, that they are part and parcel of the processes suggested by S. Roberts and H. Pashler, and that they must be the starting point (though far from the ending point) in theoretical development. The authors discuss historical examples of scientific theory development, recent examples of psychological theory development, and development of a particular theory (social contagion theory; J. L. Rodgers & D. C. Rowe, 1993) that S. Roberts and H. Pashler criticized.
|
['Decision Support Techniques', 'Humans', 'Models, Psychological', 'Psychological Theory', 'Social Behavior']
| 12,088,247
|
[['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.695'], ['F02.739'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Curcumin derivatives as metal-chelating agents with potential multifunctional activity for pharmaceutical applications.
|
Curcuminoids represent new perspectives for the development of novel therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD), one probable mechanism of action is related to their metal complexing ability. In this work we examined the metal complexing ability of substituted curcuminoids to propose new chelating molecules with biological properties comparable with curcumin but with improved stability as new potential AD therapeutic agents. The K2T derivatives originate from the insertion of a -CH2COOC(CH3)3 group on the central atom of the diketonic moiety of curcumin. They retain the diketo-ketoenol tautomerism which is solvent dependent. In aqueous solution the prevalent form is the diketo one but the addition of metal ion (Ga(3+), Cu(2+)) causes the dissociation of the enolic proton creating chelate complexes and shifting the tautomeric equilibrium towards the keto-enol form. The formation of metal complexes is followed by both NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations on K2T21 complexes with Ga(3+) and Cu(2+) are performed and compared with those on curcumin complexes. [Ga(K2T21)2(H2O)2](+) was found more stable than curcumin one. Good agreement is detected between calculated and experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR data. The calculated OH bond dissociation energy (BDE) and the OH proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), allowed to predict the radical scavenging ability of the metal ion complexed with K2T21, while the calculated electronic affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) represent yardsticks of antioxidant properties. Eventually theoretical calculations suggest that the proton-transfer-associated superoxide-scavenging activity is enhanced after binding metal ions, and that Ga(3+) complexes display possible superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity.
|
['Chelating Agents', 'Copper', 'Curcumin', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Gallium', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Superoxides', 'Thermodynamics']
| 24,968,097
|
[['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D01.268.556.289', 'D01.552.544.289'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A population-based case-control study of risk factors for neural tube defects in four high-prevalence areas of Shanxi province, China.
|
Shanxi province in Northern China has one of the highest reported prevalence rates of neural tube defects (NTD) in the world. To explore the risk factors for NTDs in Shanxi province, we carried out a population-based case-control study in four selected counties with prevalence rates >10 per 1000 births during 2003. Using a multi-logistic regression model analysis (alpha = 0.10), 158 NTD cases were compared with 226 control mothers. Maternal factors significantly associated with increased risk for an NTD were a primary school education or lower (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 4.97); a history of a previous birth defect-affected pregnancy (adjusted OR 5.27, 95% CI 0.98, 28.37); history of a fever or 'cold' (adjusted OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.68, 6.72); use of analgesic and antipyretic drugs (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 0.92, 25.97); daily passive exposure to cigarette smoke (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.94, 2.73); poor ventilation during heating (adjusted OR 3.91, 95% CI 0.75, 20.81); and consumption of >or= six meals per week containing pickled vegetables (adjusted OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.11, 13.47) during pregnancy. Factors which appeared to be protective were meat consumption one to three times per week (adjusted OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.37, 1.06), or >or= four times per week (adjusted OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11, 0.77); and legume consumption >or= six times per week (adjusted OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17, 0.89). Differences in risk were found between the two most common phenotypes, anencephaly and spina bifida. Most of the environmental factors had stronger positive and negative associations with risk for anencephaly rather than spina bifida, whereas history of a previous birth defect-associated pregnancy, as well as legume consumption, were more strongly associated with the risk for spina bifida than for anencephaly. The findings suggest that aetiological heterogeneity may exist between anencephaly and spina bifida.
|
['Adult', 'Anencephaly', 'Case-Control Studies', 'China', 'Encephalocele', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Neural Tube Defects', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Spinal Dysraphism']
| 16,420,340
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.500.680.196', 'C16.131.085.197', 'C16.131.666.680.196'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C10.500.680.488', 'C16.131.666.680.488', 'C23.300.707.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['C10.500.680', 'C16.131.666.680'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.500.680.800', 'C16.131.666.680.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Genes significantly associated with lineage II food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes.
|
BACKGROUND: Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis, a potentially fatal infection. L. monocytogenes is subdivided into four phylogenetic lineages, with the highest incidence of listeriosis occurring within lineage I followed by lineage II. Strains of L. monocytogenes differ in their phenotypic characteristics, including virulence. However, the genetic bases for these observed differences are not well understood, and current efforts to monitor L. monocytogenes in food consider all strains to be equally virulent. We use a comparative genomics approach to identify genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 174 clinical and food isolates of L. monocytogenes that potentially contribute to virulence or the capacity to adapt to food environments.RESULTS: No SNPs are significantly associated with food or clinical isolates. No genes are significantly associated with food or clinical isolates from lineage I, but eight genes consisting of multiple homologues are associated with lineage II food isolates. These include three genes which encode hypothetical proteins, the cadmium resistance genes cadA and cadC, the multi-drug resistance gene ebrB, a quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene qac, and a regulatory gene. All eight genes are plasmid-borne, and most closed L. monocytogenes plasmids carry at least five of the genes (24/27). In addition, plasmids are more frequently associated with lineage II food isolates than with lineage II clinical isolates.CONCLUSIONS: We identify eight genes that are significantly associated with food isolates in lineage II. Interestingly, the eight genes are virtually absent in lineage II outbreak isolates, are composed of homologues which show a nonrandom distribution among lineage I serotypes, and the sequences are highly conserved across 27 closed Listeria plasmids. The functions of these genes should be explored further and will contribute to our understanding of how L. monocytogenes adapts to the host and food environments. Moreover, these genes may also be useful as markers for risk assessment models of either pathogenicity or the ability to proliferate in food and the food processing environment.
|
['Disease Outbreaks', 'Food Microbiology', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Listeriosis', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Serogroup', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Virulence']
| 30,253,738
|
[['N06.850.290'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['C01.150.252.410.514'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.695.825'], ['G07.775'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A qualitative evaluation of the impact of palliative care day services: the experiences of patients, informal carers, day unit managers and volunteer staff.
|
OBJECTIVES: To explore the experiences of people involved in UK palliative care day services (PCDS) and identify the important outcomes of this service.METHODS: Focus groups were carried out separately with patients, informal carers and volunteers from four purposively selected palliative care day units and with day unit managers from 11 units.RESULTS: Patients benefited from both the support of PCDS professionals and social support of fellow PCDS patients, which contributed to a perceived improvement in their quality of life. Carers appreciated both the respite and support from PCDS, but acknowledged that they still had a poor quality of life. The challenges facing PCDS include the difficulties of discharging patients and the future role of volunteers.DISCUSSION: PCDS improved patients' perceived quality of life and future evaluations on patient outcomes could use concepts such as self-esteem, self-worth and confidence. Future service provision could explore the possibility of a mixed service using both the traditional and appointment-based system.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Caregivers', 'Day Care, Medical', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Home Nursing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Palliative Care', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality of Life', 'Respite Care', 'United Kingdom']
| 15,690,870
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['E02.760.246', 'N02.421.585.246'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['E02.760.611.470', 'N02.421.143.524.470', 'N02.421.533.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.760.611.470.610', 'N02.421.143.524.470.610', 'N02.421.533.320.610'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Verotoxin A subunit protects lymphocytes and T cell lines against X4 HIV infection in vitro.
|
Our previous genetic, pharmacological and analogue protection studies identified the glycosphingolipid, Gb(3) (globotriaosylceramide, Pk blood group antigen) as a natural resistance factor for HIV infection. Gb(3) is a B cell marker (CD77), but a fraction of activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can also express Gb(3). Activated PBMCs predominantly comprise CD4+ T-cells, the primary HIV infection target. Gb(3) is the sole receptor for Escherichia coli verotoxins (VTs, Shiga toxins). VT1 contains a ribosome inactivating A subunit (VT1A) non-covalently associated with five smaller receptor-binding B subunits. The effect of VT on PHA/IL2-activated PBMC HIV susceptibility was determined. Following VT1 (or VT2) PBMC treatment during IL2/PHA activation, the small Gb(3)+/CD4+ T-cell subset was eliminated but, surprisingly, remaining CD4+ T-cell HIV-1(IIIB) (and HIV-1(Ba-L)) susceptibility was significantly reduced. The Gb(3)-Jurkat T-cell line was similarly protected by brief VT exposure prior to HIV-1(IIIB) infection. The efficacy of the VT1A subunit alone confirmed receptor independent protection. VT1 showed no binding or obvious Jurkat cell/PBMC effect. Protective VT1 concentrations reduced PBMC (but not Jurkat cell) proliferation by 50%. This may relate to the mechanism of action since HIV replication requires primary T-cell proliferation. Microarray analysis of VT1A-treated PBMCs indicated up regulation of 30 genes. Three of the top four were histone genes, suggesting HIV protection via reduced gene activation. VT blocked HDAC inhibitor enhancement of HIV infection, consistent with a histone-mediated mechanism. We speculate that VT1A may provide a benign approach to reduction of (X4 or R5) HIV cell susceptibility.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Protein Subunits', 'Shiga Toxin 1', 'Shiga Toxin 2', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 23,242,319
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.332'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.120', 'D12.776.097.275.877', 'D23.946.123.794.100', 'D23.946.330.575.120'], ['D08.811.277.450.430.700.750.750.124', 'D12.776.097.275.879', 'D23.946.123.794.124', 'D23.946.330.575.124'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reversible plasma and red blood cells volumes increases in acromegaly.
|
Plasma volume (PV) and red blood cells volume (RBCV) were measured in 76 normotensive acromegalic patients (42 males and 34 females) and compared with those of 28 controls on the basis of body surface. In untreated males PV and RBCV were significantly higher than in normals (P less than 0.001) and total blood volume (TBV) was above the normal range in 85%. Untreated females also showed an elevated PV but had significantly lower RBCV than the male patients. The only vascular volume of the patients with correlated significantly with the body weight or surface was RBCV in females. One to five studies were done after treatment in 52 patients and analyzed as a function of plasma GH levels. Plasma volume reverted to the normal range (males) or was significantly lower than in untreated patients (females) in the groups of patients with normal GH levels while RBCV normalized at higher GH concentrations. At similar GH levels, treated patients without pituitary failure (n = 35) or given T4 and/or cortisol substitution for hypopituitarism showed similar vascular volumes. The plasma volume and TBV in both sexes and RBCV in males was significantly correlated with Log 10 GH levels. It is concluded from these data and other experimental evidence that endogenous GH hypersecretion is responsible for the reversible PV and RBCV increases frequently found in acromegalic patients.
|
['Acromegaly', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Erythrocytes', 'Female', 'Growth Hormone', 'Hematocrit', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Volume']
| 577,334
|
[['C05.116.132.082', 'C10.228.140.617.738.250.100', 'C19.700.355.179'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.188.130.610', 'G09.330.380.092.610']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
MukB ATPases are regulated independently by the N- and C-terminal domains of MukF kleisin.
|
The Escherichia coli SMC complex, MukBEF, acts in chromosome segregation. MukBEF shares the distinctive architecture of other SMC complexes, with one prominent difference; unlike other kleisins, MukF forms dimers through its N-terminal domain. We show that a 4-helix bundle adjacent to the MukF dimerisation domain interacts functionally with the MukB coiled-coiled 'neck' adjacent to the ATPase head. We propose that this interaction leads to an asymmetric tripartite complex, as in other SMC complexes. Since MukF dimerisation is preserved during this interaction, MukF directs the formation of dimer of dimer MukBEF complexes, observed previously in vivo. The MukF N- and C-terminal domains stimulate MukB ATPase independently and additively. We demonstrate that impairment of the MukF interaction with MukB in vivo leads to ATP hydrolysis-dependent release of MukBEF complexes from chromosomes.
|
['Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Domains', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Protein Multimerization']
| 29,323,635
|
[['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['E05.601.690'], ['G02.111.694']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Streptococcus sinensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from a patient with infective endocarditis.
|
A bacterium was isolated from the blood culture of a patient with infective endocarditis. The cells were facultative anaerobic, nonsporulating, gram-positive cocci arranged in chains. The bacterium grows on sheep blood agar as alpha-hemolytic, gray colonies of 0.5 to 1 mm in diameter after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C in ambient air. Growth also occurs in 10 or 40% bile and on bile esculin agar but not in 6% NaCl. No enhancement of growth is observed in 5% CO(2). It is nongroupable with Lancefield groups A, B, C, D, F, or G antisera and is resistant to optochin and bacitracin. The organism is aflagellated and is nonmotile at both 25 and 37 degrees C. It is Voges-Proskauer test positive. It produces leucine arylamidase and beta-glucosidase but not catalase, urease, lysine decarboxylase, or ornithine decarboxylase. It hydrolyzes esculin and arginine. It utilizes glucose, lactose, salicin, sucrose, pullulan, trehalose, cellobiose, hemicellulase, mannose, maltose, and starch. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that there were 3.6, 3.7, 4.3, 4.7, and 5.9% differences between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium and those of Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus anginosus, respectively. The G+C content of it (mean plus minus standard deviation) was 53.0% plus minus 2.9%. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, it belongs to the mitis or anginosus group of Streptococcus. For these reasons a new species, Streptococcus sinensis sp. nov., is proposed, for which HKU4 is the type strain. Further studies should be performed to ascertain the potential of this bacterium to become an emerging cause of infective endocarditis.
|
['Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'Phylogeny', 'Prospective Studies', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Streptococcus']
| 11,880,397
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B03.353.750.737.872', 'B03.510.400.800.872', 'B03.510.550.737.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Nanomolar concentrations of prostaglandin E1 induce changes in the surface organization of high-density lipoproteins.
|
Incubation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) with small amounts of the prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) results in mobilization of the spin-label 5-doxylstearic acid incorporated into the HDL surface monolayer as well as in decreased binding of apoprotein A1 antibodies to the HDL surface. These effects are manifested at strikingly low PGE1 concentrations, corresponding to one prostaglandin molecule per 10(2)-10(3) lipoprotein particles. At the same time, the flotation properties of HDL are not changed in the presence of PGE1. The data are interpreted on the basis of a nonequilibrium model proposed earlier for prostaglandin-lipoprotein interactions (Bergelson, L. D., et al. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 921, 182-190).
|
['Alprostadil', 'Apolipoprotein A-I', 'Cyclic N-Oxides', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Spin Labels', 'Surface Properties', 'Ultracentrifugation']
| 8,387,742
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['D10.532.091.200.100', 'D12.776.070.400.200.100', 'D12.776.521.120.200.100'], ['D03.661.243'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['D02.389.678'], ['G02.860'], ['E05.181.724', 'E05.196.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ADP-ribosylating and glucosylating toxins as tools to study secretion in RBL cells.
|
The influence of different ADP-ribosylating and glucosylating cytotoxins on stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation and secretion in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells was studied. Treatment of RBL cells with Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, which specifically ADP-ribosylated monomeric G-actin and caused complete depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton in intact cells, inhibited Fc epsilon RI receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of various proteins in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with maximal effects at 100 ng/ml C2I and 200 ng/ml C2I. C2 toxin (10 ng/ml C2I and 20 ng/ml C2II) increased antigen- or calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulated [3H]serotonin release maximally by about 3 fold. Clostridium botulinum C3, which ADP-ribosylated Rho in intact RBL cells, had no effect on protein tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulated secretion. In contrast, the cytotoxic Clostridium difficile toxin B (ToxB), which glucosylated the Rho-subtype family members RhoA and Cdc42, blocked or reduced antigen- or calcium ionophore-mediated [3H]serotonin release, respectively, and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110 kDa protein. The data indicate that different actin pools control tyrosine phosphorylation and secretion in RBL cells and suggest that Rho subfamily proteins regulate secretion independently of the actin cytoskeleton.
|
['ADP Ribose Transferases', 'Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Basophils', 'Botulinum Toxins', 'Clostridioides difficile', 'Glycosylation', 'Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute', 'Phosphorylation', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'Rats', 'Serotonin', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,193,676
|
[['D08.811.913.400.725.115'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124.070.125', 'D09.408.620.569.070.125', 'D13.695.667.138.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.068.124.070.125', 'D13.695.827.708.070.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D23.946.123'], ['A11.118.637.415.120', 'A11.627.340.120', 'A15.145.229.637.415.120', 'A15.382.490.315.120'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.153', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.153', 'D12.776.097.156', 'D23.946.123.179'], ['B03.353.625.657.500'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.125'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of physical training on the lung growth of infant rats.
|
The effect of swimming exercise on the growth of the lungs was examined in 60 Charles River Outbred Albino male rats during their second and third months of life. A tw0-by-three factorial analysis of variance design was used for significant differences due to duration of exercise (swimming 5 minutes per day 5 days per week, swimming to exhaustion 5 days per week, and no exercise) and duration of training (4 weeks and 8 weeks). All rats were loaded equal to 5 percent of body weight while swimming. Measurements used to evaluate lung growth were lung blood volume, lung blood volume/body weight, alveolar density, ratio of alveolar surface area to respiratory volume, lung weight, and lung weight/body weight. It was concluded that alveolar proliferation was increased in rats exposed to swimming during the second month of postnatal growth as indicated by greater alveolar densities and surface area to respiratory volume ratios is exercised subjects. Failure to find further growth during the third month of life suggested a critical period prior to the third month for such proliferation. Nonexhaustive swimming was as effective as exhaustive swimming in promoting the proliferation. There was no interaction between duration of exercise and duration of training.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Volume', 'Body Weight', 'Lung', 'Lung Volume Measurements', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Physical Exertion', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Rats', 'Swimming', 'Time Factors']
| 1,011,959
|
[['B01.050'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['A04.411'], ['E01.370.386.700.485'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G11.427.683'], ['A04.411.715'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Pilot Stability Study of Dehydroepiandrosterone Rapid-dissolving Tablets Prepared by Extemporaneous Compounding.
|
Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation is used to treat a variety of conditions. Rapid-dissolving tablets are a relatively novel choice for compounded dehydroepiandrosterone dosage forms. While rapid-dissolving tablets offer ease of administration, there are uncertainties about the physical and chemical stability of the drug and dosage form during preparation and over long-term storage. This study was designed to evaluate the stability of dehydroepiandrosterone rapid-dissolving tablets just after preparation and over six months of storage. The Professional Compounding Centers of America rapid-dissolving tablet mold and base formula were used to prepare 10-mg strength dehydroepiandrosterone rapid-dissolving tablets. The formulation was heated at 100°C to 110°C for 30 minutes, released from the mold, and cooled at room temperature for 30 minutes. The resulting rapid-dissolving tablets were individually packaged in amber blister packs and stored in a stability chamber maintained at 25°C and 60% relative humidity. The stability samples were pulled at pre-determined time points for evaluation, which included visual inspection, tablet weight check, United States Pharmacopeia disintegration test, and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. The freshly prepared dehydroepiandrosterone rapiddissolving tablets exhibited satisfactory chemical and physical stability. Time 0 samples disintegrated within 40 seconds in water kept at 37°C. The high-performance liquid chromatographic results confirmed that the initial potency was 101.9% of label claim and that there was no chemical degradation from the heating procedure. Over six months of storage, there were no significant changes in visual appearance, physical integrity, or disintegration time for any of the stability samples. The high-performance liquid chromatographic results also indicated that dehydroepiandrosterone rapid-dissolving tablets retained >95% label claim with no detectable degradation products. The dehydroepiandrosterone rapid-dissolving tablets investigated in this pilot study were physically and chemically stable during preparation and over six months of storage at 25°C and 60% relative humidity.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Stability', 'Drug Storage', 'Humidity', 'Kinetics', 'Pilot Projects', 'Solubility', 'Steroids', 'Tablets', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Water']
| 28,346,201
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400', 'D06.472.040.502.400', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.916.350'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['G02.805'], ['D04.210.500'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Acute segmental testicular infarction.
|
We report a case of segmental testicular infarction occurring in a patient with sickle cell trait. A 20-year-old African American man presented with a complaint of sudden onset, acute severe left testicular pain for 24 hours. Scrotal ultrasound revealed a hypo-echoic mass in the left testicle. The hypo-echoic area demonstrated no blood flow in Doppler mode. Because malignancy could not be excluded, the patient underwent a standard inguinal testicular exploration. A partial orchiectomy was performed with complete excision of the lesion. Pathology revealed infarcted testicular tissue with no malignancy present. Further evaluation revealed that the patient had sickle cell trait unbeknownst to him.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Testicular Diseases', 'Ultrasonography']
| 16,771,749
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C12.294.829', 'C19.391.829'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
High frequency of concomitant mastocytosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia exhibiting the transforming KIT mutation D816V.
|
The KIT mutation D816V is associated with autonomous growth of mast cells (MC) and is detectable in most patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM), including cases with associated hematologic non-MC-lineage disease (AHNMD). Recently, KIT D816V was reported to be expressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it was not clarified whether these patients have co-existing occult SM. We investigated neoplastic cells in 101 patients with AML for expression of KIT D816V. In 7/101 patients (6.9%), KIT D816V was detectable. After a thorough histologic, molecular, and biochemical analysis, all 7 cases were found to have an associated SM, leading to the final diagnosis SM-AML. Microdissected tryptase+ MC displayed KIT D816V in all patients tested, whereas CD34+ blasts exhibited KIT D816V in only 2/4 patients. In one AML patient, SM without KIT D816V was detected. In all other patients, no associated SM was found, and leukemic blasts were negative for KIT D816V. In summary, our data show that KIT D816V in AML is highly associated with co-existing SM (SM-AML). Moreover, our data show that AML blasts may lack this transforming target-mutant, which may be important when considering the use of KIT D816V-targeting drugs for treatment of patients with KIT D816V-positive AML.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Mastocytosis, Systemic', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tryptases', 'Young Adult']
| 20,471,335
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['C04.557.450.565.465.750', 'C20.543.520.350.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.050', 'D12.776.543.750.630.124', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.150.100', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.200.170', 'D12.776.624.664.700.183'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.902', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.902'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Self-medication in smoking cessation among smokers].
|
INTRODUCTION: According to the World Health Organization defines self-medication by using OTC (over-the-counter) to treatment diseases or symptoms recognized by yourself without pay a visit to the doctor's office. Increasing availability of OTC medicines cause that Poles are more and more willing to take self-medication, even when they want to smoking cessation. The aim of the study was to investigate what nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation without prescription were chosen by smokers, who wanted without help to smoking cessation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 323 people (68.1% were men and 31.9% women). The average age of respondents was 49 +/-11 years. The average pack-years in the study group was 17. The research tool was the author's questionnaire, which was distributed among patients for self- fulfillment. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I up to 10 pack-years (average 7.5 pack-year), group II between-11-20 pack-years (average 15.5 pack-year), group III--between 21-35 pack-year (average 28.5 pack-year).RESULTS: All subjects, at least once in their lives, bought OTC for self-medication nicotine addiction. Among the respondents in I and II group the most often chose the nicotine replacement therapy in the form of chewing gum, and in III group Cytisine tablets and pills nicotine (p<0.001). One-time purchase of OTC in group I decided 54%, in group II 47.5% and in III group 46.6% of respondents. The number of preparations used in each group was 3.1 in group I; 3.6 in group II, and 3.3 among subjects in the group III (p<0.001). 94% of respondents dissatisfied with the results of treatment ended after 1 month to self-medication. A strong self-motivation to smoking cessation was declared by 78.3% of respondents. On the other hand, Schneider test was positive in only 5% of patients.CONCLUSIONS: Smokers want to own attempt to smoking cessation by using nicotine preparations without a prescription, should be aware that self-assessment of readiness to smoking cessation is not a real preparation to quit smoking addiction. All the more should consult a doctor if subsequent attempts fail.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poland', 'Self Medication', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobacco Use Cessation Devices', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 26,946,559
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E02.980'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Severe sepsis and septic shock due to Plasmodium vivax infection.
|
Plasmodium vivax malaria is typically characterized by a mild and benign clinical course. Organ dysfunction is rarely seen, whereas acute lung injury has been found to occur after starting antimalarial treatment. We present an unusual case of severe sepsis and septic shock due to Plasmodium vivax monoinfection.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Malaria, Vivax', 'Male', 'Sepsis', 'Shock, Septic']
| 23,380,095
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530.700', 'C01.920.875.700'], ['C01.757', 'C23.550.470.790.500'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effectiveness of a new multibending scope for endoscopic mucosal resection.
|
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Each year at our institution we have been performing over 100 endoscopic mucosal resections (EMRs) for gastric tumor. However, there are some tumor locations where it is difficult to carry out this procedure, such as the lesser curvature or posterior wall of the gastric body, the cardia, and the lesser curvature of the antrum. To facilitate EMR of tumors in these locations, a multibending scope (the "M-scope", Olympus GIF-2T240M; Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan) has been developed, which has two independently curving segments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this new multibending scope for EMR of gastric tumors.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the M-scope, we carried out EMR in 59 patients at the Jikei University Hospital. The lesions were located in the cardia in seven patients, in the gastric body in 30 patients, and in the antrum in 22 patients. The effectiveness of the M-scope was evaluated by experienced endoscopists; a score of 1 was given for very good effectiveness, and a score of 0 was given when there was no notable difference in effectiveness from the conventional scope. Evaluation was done according to the location of the lesions, the method used for EMR, and the tumor diameter. When the score for each item was equivalent to the average overall score for all the procedures or higher, the M-scope was defined as being effective.RESULTS: The overall score for all the procedures was 0.7 +/- 0.4 (average +/- SD) (very good in 43 procedures; no notable difference in 16 procedures). When assessed according to the location of the lesion, the mean effectiveness scores of the M-scope for lesions at the following locations were higher than the average overall score: the lesser curvature of the antrum (0.8 +/- 0.5); the posterior wall of the gastric body (1.0 +/- 0.0); the greater curvature of the gastric body (1.0 +/- 0.0); and the lesser curvature of the gastric body (0.9 +/- 0.4). The results suggested that the M-scope was effective for EMR of gastric tumors at these traditionally difficult locations. With regard to the scores assessed according to the method of EMR, the mean scores were 0.8 +/- 0.4 for the two-channel scope method and 0.9 +/- 0.4 for EMR using an insulated-tip diathermic knife (IT-EMR), again suggesting that the M-scope was effective for EMR by these methods. When evaluated according to tumor size, the score was 0.8 +/- 0.4 when the tumor was 11 mm or greater in diameter, indicating that the M-scope was effective for EMR of large tumors.CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the M-scope is effective for EMR of tumors in the lesser curvature of the antrum, and in the posterior wall, lesser curvature, or greater curvature of the gastric body. With regard to the method of EMR, the M-scope is effective for both the two-channel scope method and IT-EMR. In relation to tumor size, the M-scope is effective for the resection of large tumors.
|
['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Gastroscopy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 15,057,677
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.230.220.260', 'E07.858.240.260'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.325', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.320', 'E04.210.240.250.320', 'E04.502.250.250.250.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Plant cyclopeptide RA-V kills human breast cancer cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through blocking PDK1-AKT interaction.
|
In the present paper, we examined the effects of a natural cyclopeptide RA-V on human breast cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. RA-V significantly inhibited the growth of human breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 cells and murine breast cancer 4T1 cells. In addition, RA-V triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway which was indicated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase cascade. Further study showed that RA-V dramatically inhibited phosphorylation of AKT and 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, RA-V disrupted the interaction between PDK1 and AKT in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, RA-V-induced apoptosis could be enhanced by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor or attenuated by over-expression of AKT in all the three kinds of breast cancer cells. Taken together, this study shows that RA-V, which can induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, exerts strong anti-tumor activity against human breast cancer. The underlying anti-cancer mechanism of RA-V is related to the blockage of the interaction between PDK1 and AKT.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Apoptosis', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Plant Extracts', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase']
| 23,274,515
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D04.345.566', 'D12.644.641'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.601.690'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.755', 'D12.776.476.565', 'D12.776.624.664.700.168'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.783']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The vibrational spectra of [15N2]-succinonitrile.
|
For the first time, the infrared and Raman spectra of [15N2]-succinonitrile are presented and discussed in detail. Assignments of the vibrational bands of its two rotational conformers gauche and trans, respectively, have been made for both infrared and Raman spectra. The assignments were based on a recent ab-initio force field calculation for succinonitrile, taking into account the vibrational frequencies of other succinonitrile isotopomers. There are differences in the frequencies of the vibrational bands due to the mass increase in the cyanide groups, which have been analysed in depth.
|
['Nitriles', 'Nitrogen Isotopes', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Vibration']
| 11,471,715
|
[['D02.626'], ['D01.268.604.500', 'D01.362.625.500', 'D01.496.586'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.374.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fatigue in Emergency Services Operations: Assessment of the Optimal Objective and Subjective Measures Using a Simulated Wildfire Deployment.
|
Under controlled laboratory conditions, neurobehavioral assays such as the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) are sensitive to increasing levels of fatigue, and in general, tend to correlate with subjective ratings. However, laboratory studies specifically curtail physical activity, potentially limiting the applicability of such findings to field settings that involve physical work. In addition, laboratory studies typically involve healthy young male participants that are not always representative of a typical working population. In order to determine whether these findings extend to field-like conditions, we put 88 Australian volunteer firefighters through a multi-day firefighting simulation. Participants were required to perform real-world physical and cognitive tasks under conditions of elevated temperature and moderate sleep restriction. We aimed to examine changes in fatigue in an effort to determine the optimum objective and subjective measures. Objective and subjective tests were sensitive to fatigue outside laboratory conditions. The PVT was the most sensitive assay of objective fatigue, with the Samn-Perelli fatigue scale the most sensitive of the subjective measures. The Samn-Perilli fatigue scale correlated best with PVT performance, but explained a small amount of variance. Although the Samn-Perelli scale can be easily administered in the field, the wide range of individual variance limits its efficacy as a once-off assessment tool. Rather, fatigue measures should be applied as a component of a broader fatigue risk management system. Findings provide firefighting agencies, and other occupations involving physical work, guidance as to the most sensitive and specific measures for assessing fatigue in their personnel.
|
['Adult', 'Australia', 'Diagnostic Self Evaluation', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Firefighters', 'Fires', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Sleep Deprivation']
| 26,840,323
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['E01.370.360', 'F01.752.747.792.220'], ['C23.888.369'], ['M01.526.373.400'], ['N06.230.216'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['C10.886.425.175', 'C23.888.592.796.772', 'F02.830.855.671', 'F03.870.400.099']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Migraines and other headaches: an approach to diagnosis and classification.
|
Headache is a symptom that accounts for over 18 million visits to physicians each year. In an effort to resolve inconsistencies and problems with the differentiation of specific types of headache, the International Headache Society (IHS) has established a classification system. For each major type of headache, the IHS classification specifies diagnostic criteria and recognized subtypes where appropriate. Migraine headaches are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Recognition and accurate diagnosis of migraine headache depend on a thorough history, appropriate physical examination and diagnostic testing.
|
['Headache', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Physical Examination', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 7,732,951
|
[['C23.888.592.612.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autoimmune diseases in adults with atopic dermatitis.
|
BACKGROUND: An increased susceptibility to autoimmune disease has been shown in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but data remain scarce and inconsistent.OBJECTIVE: We examined the co-occurrence of selected autoimmune diseases in adult patients with AD.METHODS: Nationwide health registers were used. Adult patients with a hospital diagnosis of AD in Denmark between 1997 and 2012 were included as cases (n = 8112) and matched with controls (n = 40,560). The occurrence of autoimmune diseases was compared in the 2 groups. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios.RESULTS: AD was significantly associated with 11 of 22 examined autoimmune diseases. In addition, AD was associated with having multiple autoimmune comorbidities. Patients with a history of smoking had a significantly higher occurrence of autoimmune comorbidities compared to nonsmokers.LIMITATIONS: This study was limited to adult patients with AD. No information about AD severity or degree of tobacco consumption was available. Results from a hospital population of AD patients cannot be generalized to the general population.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a susceptibility of autoimmune diseases in adult patients with AD, especially in smokers. While we cannot conclude on causality based on these data, an increased awareness of autoimmune comorbidities in patients with AD may be warranted.
|
['Adult', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male']
| 27,742,171
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C20.111'], ['C16.320.850.210', 'C17.800.174.193', 'C17.800.815.193', 'C17.800.827.210', 'C20.543.480.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tryptophan metabolism and urinary quinoline bases in the greyhound.
|
Three quinoline bases may be found in greyhound urine. 2-aminomethylquinoline is excreted in fresh urine and two others, quinaldine and 2-hydroxymethylquinoline, are formed as the urine decays. Radiolabelling was employed to demonstrate that these bases are derived from the amino acid tryptophan.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Thin Layer', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Hydroxyquinolines', 'Male', 'Quinaldines', 'Quinolines', 'Tryptophan']
| 3,775,119
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.537'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D03.633.100.810.350'], ['D03.633.100.810.637'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['D12.125.072.050.850', 'D12.125.142.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Expression regulation of the protelomerase gene of the bacteriophage N15].
|
The N15 bacteriophage, when in the lysogenic state, does not integrate into the chromosome; in fact, it exists as a linear plasmid with the covalently closed ends. Upon infection, the phage DNA circularizes via its cohesive ends, after which a specific enzyme, the N15 protelomerase, cuts the circular molecule thus generating a linear plasmid with the covalently closed telomeres. Protelomerase generates, as the replication of plasmid prophage proceeds, the hairpin telomeres in replicated molecules. We identified the promoter of the protelomerase gene and demonstrated that it could be repressed presumably due to its binding with 3 tosL sites overlapping the promoter. We also found the transformation efficiency of E. coli cells of linear DNA with hairpin telomeres to be approximately 100-fold lower versus the circular DNA of the same size. At the same time, presence of the N15 prophage or of the protelomerase-expressing vector enhances, in a strain being transformed, the efficiency of its transformation by linear DNA up to a level ensured in transformation by circular plasmids. We believe that protelomerase, while binding with the hairpin telomeres, protects the latter from degradation by cellular nucleases.
|
['Bacteriophages', 'Base Sequence', 'Enzyme Precursors', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Viral', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Telomerase', 'Viral Proteins', 'Virus Replication']
| 15,164,718
|
[['B04.123'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D08.622', 'D12.776.811.243'], ['G05.308.385'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['D12.776.964'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The heparan sulfate motif (GlcNS6S-IdoA2S)3, common in heparin, has a strict topography and is involved in cell behavior and disease.
|
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a structurally complex polysaccharide that interacts with a broad spectrum of extracellular effector ligands and thereby is thought to regulate a diverse array of biologic processes. The specificity of HS-ligand interactions is determined by the arrangement of sulfate groups on HS, which creates distinct binding motifs. Biologically important HS motifs are expected to exhibit regulated expression, yet there is a profound lack of tools to identify such motifs; consequently, little is known of their structures and functions. We have identified a novel phage display-derived antibody (NS4F5) that recognizes a highly regulated HS motif (HS(NS4F5)), which we have rigorously identified as (GlcNS6S-IdoA2S)(3). HS(NS4F5) exhibits a restricted expression in healthy adult tissues. Blocking HS(NS4F5) on cells in culture resulted in reduced proliferation and enhanced sensitivity to apoptosis. HS(NS4F5) is up-regulated in tumor endothelial cells, consistent with a role in endothelial cell activation. Indeed, TNF-á stimulated endothelial expression of HS(NS4F5), which contributed to leukocyte adhesion. In a mouse model of severe systemic amyloid protein A amyloidosis, HS(NS4F5) was expressed within amyloid deposits, which were successfully detected by microSPECT imaging using NS4F5 as a molecularly targeted probe. Combined, our results demonstrate that NS4F5 is a powerful tool for elucidating the biological function of HS(NS4F5) and can be exploited as a probe to detect novel polysaccharide biomarkers of disease processes.
|
['Amyloidogenic Proteins', 'Amyloidosis', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biomarkers', 'CHO Cells', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Female', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Neoplasms', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Single-Chain Antibodies', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 20,837,479
|
[['D12.776.049.407'], ['C18.452.845.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.785', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500.800', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500.795'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of the veterinary ionophore monensin on the structure and activity of a tropical soil bacterial community.
|
Monensin (MON) is a coccidiostat used as a growth promoter that can reach the environment through fertilization with manure from farm animals. To verify whether field-relevant concentrations of this drug negatively influence the structure and activity of tropical soil bacteria, plate counts, CO2 efflux measurements, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) profiles were obtained for soil microcosms exposed to 1 or 10 mg kg-1 of MON across 11 days. Although 53% (1 mg kg-1) to 40% (10 mg kg-1) of the MON concentrations added to the microcosms dissipated within 5 days, a subtle concentration-dependent decrease in the number of culturable bacteria (<1 log CFU g-1), reduced (-20 to -30%) or exacerbated (+25%) soil CO2 effluxes, a marked shift of non-bacterial fatty acids, and altered respiration of amines (1.22-fold decrease) and polymers (1.70-fold increase) were noted in some of the treatments. These results suggest that MON quickly killed some microorganisms and that the surviving populations were selected and metabolically stimulated. Consequently, MON should be monitored in agronomic and environmental systems as part of One Health efforts.
|
['Bacteria', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Costa Rica', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Fatty Acids', 'Ionophores', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Monensin', 'Phospholipids', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Veterinary Drugs']
| 31,588,829
|
[['B03'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['Z01.107.169.238'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D10.251'], ['D27.505.519.562.374', 'D27.720.395'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['D03.383.312.600'], ['D10.570.755'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D26.939']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Necrotizing tracheobronchitis: a complication of high frequency jet ventilation.
|
The tracheal and bronchial lesions observed are described in seven patients, presenting with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving both conventional and high frequency jet ventilation for various periods. The histological findings are related to the duration of the exposure as well as the number of pulsations administered to the tracheobronchial tree. Severe damage to the mucosa leading to acute tracheobronchitis, hyperplasia and hypersecretion of the mucosal glands may explain some of the clinical symptoms observed, especially the upper respiratory obstruction. Care should be taken to limit these changes which may lead to various degrees of stenosis in survivors receiving this mode of therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bronchitis', 'Female', 'High-Frequency Jet Ventilation', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn', 'Tracheitis']
| 3,135,663
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.748.099', 'C08.127.446', 'C08.381.495.146', 'C08.730.099'], ['E02.041.625.508.510', 'E02.880.820.508.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563'], ['C01.748.848', 'C08.730.848', 'C08.907.763']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Connexin 43 expression on peripheral blood eosinophils: role of gap junctions in transendothelial migration.
|
Eosinophils circulate in the blood and are recruited in tissues during allergic inflammation. Gap junctions mediate direct communication between adjacent cells and may represent a new way of communication between immune cells distinct from communication through cytokines and chemokines. We characterized the expression of connexin (Cx)43 by eosinophils isolated from atopic individuals using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and studied the biological functions of gap junctions on eosinophils. The formation of functional gap junctions was evaluated measuring dye transfer using flow cytometry. The role of gap junctions on eosinophil transendothelial migration was studied using the inhibitor 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid. Peripheral blood eosinophils express Cx43 mRNA and protein. Cx43 is localized not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane. The membrane impermeable dye BCECF transferred from eosinophils to epithelial or endothelial cells following coculture in a dose and time dependent fashion. The gap junction inhibitors 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid and octanol did not have a significant effect on dye transfer but reduced dye exit from eosinophils. The gap junction inhibitor 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited eosinophil transendothelial migration in a dose dependent manner. Thus, eosinophils from atopic individuals express Cx43 constitutively and Cx43 may play an important role in eosinophil transendothelial migration and function in sites of inflammation.
|
['Cell Line', 'Cell Separation', 'Coloring Agents', 'Connexin 43', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Eosinophils', 'Fluoresceins', 'Gap Junctions', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microvessels', 'Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration']
| 25,110,696
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D27.720.233'], ['D12.776.543.585.250.200'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['A11.284.149.165.420.471'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A07.015.461'], ['G04.198.950', 'G07.568.500.180.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Diagnosis of sympathetically maintained pain in posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome with laser Doppler flowmetry].
|
Forty-nine patients with posttraumatic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the upper extremities were investigated by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) with wavelet-analysis of skin blood flow oscillations. Clinical evaluation of sympathetically maintained pain was carried out after the thoracoscopic clipping above and below the ?h3 ganglion of sympathetic chain) in 33 patients and after the perivascular sympathectomy at the level of brachial artery and veins) in 16 patients. The objective diagnosis of sympathetically maintained pain was created with LDF; it was directed specially to discovery of sensory-sympathetic coupling in CRPS. Sensitivity of preoperative LDF ? diagnosis was 90.2%, specificity ? 87.5%, positive predictive value ? 97.3%, negative predictive value ? 63.6%, diagnostic effectiveness ? 89.8%.
|
['Aged', 'Complex Regional Pain Syndromes', 'Female', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radius Fractures', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sympathetic Nervous System', 'Wavelet Analysis']
| 22,677,665
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.177.195', 'C10.668.829.250'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.370.475', 'E05.830.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C26.088.268.556', 'C26.404.562'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['A08.800.050.800'], ['E05.959', 'G17.915', 'L01.224.800.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cyanosis and Stroke due to Functional Cor Triatriatum Dexter in a Neonate.
|
Small remnants of the right valve of the sinus venosus are commonly found in adults, but the incidence and risk associated with these embryonic remnants in neonates are not well studied. The following report describes a cyanotic neonate with a large Eustachian valve remnant creating a functional cor triatriatum dexter who was initially diagnosed with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. The cyanosis in this infant improved over the first postnatal week with conservative management, but she suffered multifocal subcortical stroke, likely related to her intracardiac shunt. The clinical presentation and questions regarding long-term management of this rare diagnosis are explored.
|
['Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cor Triatriatum', 'Cyanosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Stroke']
| 29,316,539
|
[['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['C14.240.400.200', 'C14.280.400.200', 'C16.131.240.400.200'], ['C23.888.248'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The stress-related hormone norepinephrine induced upregulation of Nix, contributing to ECM protein expression.
|
Organ fibrosis has been viewed as a major medical problem that leads to progressive dysfunction of the organ and eventually the death of patients. Stress-related hormone norepinephrine (NE) has been reported to exert fibrogenic actions in the injured organ. Nix plays a critical role in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure through mediating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, cardiac remodeling also includes fibrosis. Whether Nix is involved in stress-induced fibrosis remains unclear. The present study was designed to determine the role of Nix in NE-induced NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. The results showed that Nix was upregulated and closely associated with cell proliferation, collagen and fibronectin expression in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts following NE treatment. Overexpression of Nix promoted collagen and fibronectin expression, whereas the suppression of Nix resulted in a strong reduction in collagen and fibronectin expression. Moreover, the increases in collagen and fibronectin expression induced by NE were successively increased when Nix was overexpressed and reduced when Nix was inhibited. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the PKC activation is responsible for the upregulation of Nix induced by NE. Inhibition of Nix expression with á-adrenoceptor antagonist, â-adrenoceptor antagonist or PKC inhibitor attenuated NE-induced collagen and fibronectin expression. Our data revealed that Nix is a novel mediator of NE-induced fibrosis. Thus, it would provide a new insight into the development of effective preventative measures and therapies of tissue fibrosis.
|
['Adrenergic Agonists', 'Adrenergic Antagonists', 'Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Collagen', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibronectins', 'Fibrosis', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Norepinephrine', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'RNA Interference', 'Receptors, Adrenergic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Transfection', 'Up-Regulation']
| 24,803,315
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100'], ['D27.505.519.625.050.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.200'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D12.776.543'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.575'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G07.775'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Navigated Iso-C(3D)-based drilling of a osteochondral lesion of the talus].
|
Retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions has obtained acceptable results in the initial stage. Intraoperatively not all lesions are accessible with the arthroscopic technique, despite being readily identifiable with modern imaging preoperatively. As an alternative, open surgical treatment is recommended to achieve good results. The use of computer-assisted navigated retrograde drilling of osteochondral lesions has been described with promising results as a new technique. Computed tomography (CT)- and fluoroscopy-based navigation systems in current use are limited in their flexibility. The drawbacks of fluoroscopy are lack of three-dimensional imaging intraoperatively. CT-based navigation still requires intraoperative cumbersome registration, extra preoperative planning, and imaging with further technical resources. In the current case report, we describe a patient with an osteochondral lesion of the posteromedial talus. In addition to the current method of arthroscopic evaluation and treatment, we also introduce an alternative technique of using Iso-C(3D)-based navigation-assisted retrograde drilling of the lesion. The advantages of this technique are an actual intraoperative three-dimensional imaging for the use of navigation without the need for anatomical registration and an immediate postoperative control of surgical treatment. The results of this case report demonstrate accurately navigated drilling with the described system. The accuracy was confirmed with immediate intraoperative Iso-C(3D) and postoperative CT scans. Our results indicate that the use of an Iso-C(3D) navigation system is a possible alternative to arthroscopic or open drilling for osteochondral lesions of the talus. To provide further evidence for the use of Iso-C (3D)-based drilling, current studies will start at our institution.
|
['Adult', 'Equipment Design', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mathematical Computing', 'Osteochondritis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Talus', 'Technology Assessment, Biomedical', 'Tomography, Spiral Computed']
| 14,634,741
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.320'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['L01.224.680'], ['C05.116.791', 'C05.182.520', 'C17.300.182.520'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E04.749'], ['E07.858.700'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.780'], ['N03.880', 'N05.715.360.825'], ['E01.370.350.350.810.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.800', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.800', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MAP1B related syndrome: Case presentation and review of literature.
|
The microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) gene serves an important role in axonal growth and brain development. Its expression is known to be elevated in regions that retain high brain plasticity and is regulated by the fragile X mental retardation protein. MAP1B mutations have recently been associated with a phenotype including periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH), intellectual disability (ID), seizures, and dysmorphic features. We describe a child presenting with global developmental delays, ID, microcephaly, short stature, seizures, dysmorphic features, and prenatal alcohol exposure with a de novo nonsense MAP1B mutation (c.2035G>T, p.Glu679X) detected on whole exome sequencing (WES). His brain MRI showed PVNH and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. While significant prenatal alcohol exposure could have modified his phenotype, we believe that this patient presents with features that cannot be explained by fetal alcohol exposure alone. This is the first case report that describes dysmorphic features associated with MAP1B mutations in detail along with supporting pictures and review of previous reported phenotypes. This case not only highlights the value of WES as a screening tool for unrecognized syndromes, but also supports the need for a better description of the phenotype associated with newly detected genetic syndromes by molecular screening.
|
['Axons', 'Brain', 'Codon, Nonsense', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Exome', 'Female', 'Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Whole Exome Sequencing']
| 31,317,654
|
[['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D13.444.735.544.355.250.235', 'G05.360.335.355.250.235', 'G05.365.590.195'], ['F03.625.421'], ['G05.360.340.011'], ['D12.776.157.725.061', 'D12.776.631.299', 'D12.776.664.962.124'], ['G05.308.310'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.393.760.700.825.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A new generation of tools for search, recovery and quality evaluation of World Wide Web medical resources.
|
Although the Internet is already a valuable information resource in medicine, there are important challenges to be faced before physicians and general users will have extensive access to this information. As a result of a research effort to compile a health-related Internet directory, new tools and strategies have been developed to solve key problems derived from the explosive growth of medical information on the Net and the great concern over the quality of such critical information. The current Internet search engines lack some important capabilities. We suggest using second generation tools (client-side based) able to deal with large quantities of data and to increase the usability of the records recovered. We tested the capabilities of these programs to solve health-related information problems, recognising six groups according to the kind of topics addressed: Z39.50 clients, downloaders, multisearchers, tracing agents, indexers and mappers. The evaluation of the quality of health information available on the Internet could require a large amount of human effort. A possible solution may be to use quantitative indicators based on the hypertext visibility of the Web sites. The cybermetric measures are valid for quality evaluation if they are derived from indirect peer review by experts with Web pages citing the site. The hypertext links acting as citations need to be extracted from a controlled sample of quality super-sites.
|
['Documentation', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Information Storage and Retrieval', 'Internet', 'Software', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 11,142,063
|
[['L01.453.245'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['L01.313.500.750.280', 'L01.470'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['L01.224.900'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sarcopenia in Ovarian Cancer Patients, Oncologic Outcomes Revealing the Importance of Clinical Nutrition: Review of Literature.
|
INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. Its usual clinical manifestation is at advanced stages, with nutritional impairment, weight loss, and a consequent decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength (defined as sarcopenia). The relationship between sarcopenia and decreased survival was demonstrated not only in ovarian cancer but also in other cancer types, such as hepatocellular, pancreatic, lung, colon, cervical, metastatic breast, and renal cancer. The aim of this study is to review the current evidence regarding the relationship between sarcopenia and the surgical and oncological outcomes in ovarian cancer patients.METHODS: The systematic search was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRSIMA) statement. The terms "SARCOPENIA" AND "OVARIAN CANCER" were systematically used to search PubMed and Scopus databases. Original reports in English language were identified, with the purpose to include all relevant papers regarding the role of sarcopenia and indicators of skeletal muscle quality assessment in gynecological ovarian cancer.RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were considered eligible for the present review. The strength of recommendation was moderate and the level of evidence was low in all selected articles. No prospective studies were conducted and most of the papers were case-control series comparing ovarian cancer sarcopenic population vs. non sarcopenic population.CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia appears to have an important role in oncological outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. However, sarcopenia occurrence during disease history and mechanisms underlying the possible impairment in prognosis should be better investigated. Prospective trials are awaited in order to obtain a better insight in this topic.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Sarcopenia']
| 31,333,115
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C10.597.613.612.500', 'C23.300.070.500.500', 'C23.888.592.608.612.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors of mortality in surgical patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia.
|
BACKGROUND: Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important pathogen of nosocomial infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictors of poor outcome in surgical patients with A baumannii bacteremia.METHODS: We retrospectively recruited a total of 50 patients who developed A baumannii bacteremia within 2 weeks after surgery during a 113-month period. The primary outcome for this study was all-cause 14-day mortality. Clinical and laboratory data, antimicrobial susceptibility, treatment, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were evaluated as possible predictors of outcome.RESULTS: The 14-day mortality was 20% and there was no association between type of surgery and mortality. The SOFA score was the only independent predictor of 14-day mortality after adjustment for other variables. The calibration was acceptable (Hosmer-Lemeshow ÷(2) = 3.65, p = 0.72) and the discrimination was good (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.80 ± 0.07, 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.94). We found that a SOFA score ? 7 was a significant predictor of 14-day mortality in surgical patients with A baumannii bacteremia.CONCLUSIONS: The SOFA score assessed at the onset of bacteremia is a reliable tool for predicting 14-day mortality in surgical patients with A baumannii bacteremia.
|
['Acinetobacter Infections', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bacteremia', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,524,616
|
[['C01.150.252.400.560.022'], ['B03.440.400.425.537.050.099', 'B03.660.250.530.050.099'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.150.252.100', 'C01.757.100', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Surgical Treatment as a First Option of the Lower Eyelid Xanthelasma.
|
Xanthelasma palpebrarum represents yellowish plaques, which mostly appear near the inner cantus of the eyelid. In most patients, cosmetic reasons are the main purpose for their removal.The author presents a patient with a lower eyelid xanthelasma where surgical excision was used as a first treatment option. Cosmetic reasons, fast recovery, and possibility of a 1-stage procedure were the main requests of the patient for the removal of xanthelasma. Treatment and postrecovery period were routine.In the treatment of xanthelasma palpebrarum of the lower eyelids, it is necessary to consider surgical excision as a first treatment option.
|
['Eyelid Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Xanthomatosis']
| 28,857,993
|
[['C11.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.452.584.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of penis presenting as groin metastasis 3 years before the primary.
|
A 78-year-old patient who developed bilateral inguinal node metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, more than 3 years before the primary penile carcinoma declared itself, is presented. An exhaustive multispeciality search for the primary including a circumcision proved fruitless. A review of the relevant literature is summarised.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Humans', 'Inguinal Canal', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Unknown Primary', 'Penile Neoplasms']
| 16,631,563
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.923.047.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.697.650.895', 'C23.550.727.650.895'], ['C04.588.945.440.715', 'C12.294.260.500', 'C12.294.494.591', 'C12.758.409.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Role of spirituality in patients with sickle cell disease.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients with sickle cell disease cope with their disease in various ways, such as psychological counseling, hypnosis, medication, and prayer. Spirituality is a coping mechanism in a variety of diseases. This study evaluates the role of spirituality in patients coping with the pain of sickle cell disease.METHODS: Seventy-one patients from the Georgia Sickle Cell Clinic completed a questionnaire addressing their ability to cope with the pain of sickle cell disease and their degree of spirituality. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were calculated for the relation between coping with the pain of sickle cell disease and spirituality.RESULTS: The questionnaire provided several scales with high internal consistency for measuring spiritual well-being and its two components, existential well-being and religious well-being, that show a correlation between high levels of spirituality and life control. The study population exhibited high levels of spirituality and religiosity, but the influence of these feelings on coping with sickle cell disease was variable. Spiritual well-being was correlated with life-control but not with perceived pain severity.CONCLUSIONS: Existential well-being was associated with general coping ability. Spiritual well-being is important for some patients who must cope with the pain of sickle cell disease.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Georgia', 'Holistic Health', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Regression Analysis', 'Religion', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 11,314,918
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.250', 'Z01.107.567.875.750.370'], ['E02.190.321', 'K01.752.667.710', 'N01.400.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['K01.844'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Is the precautionary principle used to cover up ignorance?
|
The precautionary principle is rapidly spreading in risk management in spite of vague understanding of its consequences. Some caveats are presented in this commentary, and some principles proposed for improved risk assessment/risk management procedures. Improvement is especially needed in such cases where the risks of different management options must be compared.
|
['Administrative Personnel', 'Animals', 'Forecasting', 'Humans', 'International Agencies', 'Research Support as Topic', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Management']
| 15,379,779
|
[['M01.526.070'], ['B01.050'], ['I01.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.540.514'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['N03.219.463.800', 'N04.452.871']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unilateral cortical dysplasia associated with contralateral hyperplasia of the brainstem.
|
Magnetic resonance imaging of a patient with unilateral frontotemporal cortical dysplasia is described. The brainstem showed ipsilateral hypoplasia, a usual but subjective radiological finding reportedly associated with unilateral cortical dysplasias, which inherently may cause underestimation of contralateral brainstem changes. In this patient contralateral hyperplasia of the brainstem was also present, evidenced especially by apparent hyperplasia of the pyramid of the medulla oblongata, where the corticospinal tract runs. Such hyperplasia of the brain stem may reflect a compensation reaction in order to increase the number of fibers in the corticospinal tract within the normal hemisphere, which are actually deficient (hypoplastic) in the contralateral, diseased hemisphere.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain Stem', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male']
| 7,491,194
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.444'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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