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Lesson of the month 2: A case of nitrous oxide-induced pancytopenia.
|
An 18-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department with non-specific neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms and was found to be pancytopenic. Her vitamin B12 level was low with a normal mean corpuscular volume and her full blood count 2 months previously had been within normal range. She reported heavy use of nitrous oxide over the previous 2 weeks and other investigations revealed no cause for her pancytopenia. Her pancytopenia resolved with discontinuation of nitrous oxide and vitamin B12 treatment. Heavy use of nitrous oxide should be considered as a cause of pancytopenia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydroxocobalamin', 'Nitrous Oxide', 'Pancytopenia', 'Vitamin B 12 Deficiency']
| 30,872,294
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777.560', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777.560', 'D04.345.783.437.777.560'], ['D01.362.635.625', 'D01.625.550.550', 'D01.650.550.587.650'], ['C15.378.700'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.699.923']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
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Endocrine changes in maturing primary queens of Zootermopsis angusticollis.
|
Termite queens are highly specialized for reproduction, but little is known about the endocrine mechanisms regulating this ability. We studied changes in the endocrinology and ovarian maturation in primary reproductive females of the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis following their release from inhibitory stimuli produced by mature queens. Winged alates were removed from their natal nest, manually dewinged, then paired in an isolated nest with a reproductive male. Development was tracked by monitoring ovarian development, in vitro rates of juvenile hormone (JH) production by corpora allata, and hemolymph titers of JH and ecdysteroids. The production rate and titer of JH were positively correlated with each other but negatively correlated with ecdysteroid titer. Four days after disinhibition, JH release and titer decreased while ecdysteroid titer increased. The new levels persisted until day 30, after which JH increased and ecdysteroids decreased. Fully mature queens had the highest rates of JH production, the lowest ecdysteroid titers, and the greatest number of functional ovarioles. The results support the hypothesis that JH plays a dual role in termite queens depending on their stage of development; an elevated JH titer in immature alates may maintain reproductive inhibition, but an elevated JH titer in mature queens may stimulate ovarian activity. The decline in JH production and the elevation in ecdysteroid titer correspond to a period of physiological reorganization and activation. The specific function of ecdysteroids is unknown but they may help to modulate the activity of the corpora allata.
|
['Animals', 'Corpora Allata', 'Ecdysteroids', 'Endocrine System', 'Female', 'Hemolymph', 'Isoptera', 'Juvenile Hormones', 'Male', 'Ovary', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal']
| 16,081,092
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.713.100', 'A13.250'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.265.165', 'D04.210.500.247.808.756.143', 'D06.472.445.573.271', 'D10.570.938.795.143', 'D23.704.500.143'], ['A06'], ['A13.453'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.485'], ['D06.472.445.573.666'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G08.686.815'], ['F01.145.113.252.748']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
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|
The age of alcohol onset and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use patterns: an analysis of drug use progression of young adults in New York State.
|
The authors extend the gateway theory by examining the relationship between the onset age of alcohol and the progression of drug use (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) among 16 to 24 year old young adults residing in New York State. Logit analysis is employed to estimate the impact of the early onset of alcohol use on the subsequent use of other drugs. The findings suggest that alcohol use increases the chance of using cigarettes and marijuana, and alcohol-cigarette use significantly increases the likelihood of using marijuana. The early onset of alcohol use affects the current use of alcohol and other drugs; the impact is the strongest when the onset is initiated in a posited critical age period between 13 and 16.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Cannabis', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'New York', 'Nicotine', 'Sex Factors', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 1,446,964
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.055.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.437', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
mRNAs and lncRNAs intrinsically form secondary structures with short end-to-end distances.
|
The 5' and 3' termini of RNA play important roles in many cellular processes. Using F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET), we show that mRNAs and lncRNAs have an intrinsic propensity to fold in the absence of proteins into structures in which the 5' end and 3' end are ?7 nm apart irrespective of mRNA length. Computational estimates suggest that the inherent proximity of the ends is a universal property of most mRNA and lncRNA sequences. Only guanosine-depleted RNA sequences with low sequence complexity are unstructured and exhibit end-to-end distances expected for the random coil conformation of RNA. While the biological implications remain to be explored, short end-to-end distances could facilitate the binding of protein factors that regulate translation initiation by bridging mRNA 5' and 3' ends. Furthermore, our studies provide the basis for measuring, computing and manipulating end-to-end distances and secondary structure in RNA in research and biotechnology.
|
['Algorithms', 'Base Sequence', 'Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer', 'Humans', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'RNA, Long Noncoding', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 30,337,527
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676.500', 'G01.154.240.280', 'G02.111.255.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.444.735.790.375'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a series of oligorhamnoside derivatives.
|
A series of novel oligorhamnoside derivatives (1-10) and naturally occurring cleistrioside-5 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Among them, dirhamnoside derivative 7 and cleistrioside-5 displayed similar antibacterial profiles and exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities on bacterial growth against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria (MICs ? 4-32 ìg/mL). The results revealed that these two compounds showed selectivity towards bacterial species strictly, without being affected by the antibiotic-resistant/susceptible properties of one species, which suggested that they might have the potential to avoid antibiotic cross-resistance. In addition, the preliminary SARs of this type of oligorhamnoside derivatives on the antibacterial activities were determined.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteria', 'Glycosides', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests']
| 21,864,832
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03'], ['D09.408'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantification of arterial flow using digital subtraction angiography.
|
PURPOSE: In this paper, a method for the estimation of arterial hemodynamic flow from x-ray video densitometry data is proposed and validated using an in vitro setup.METHODS: The method is based on the acquisition of three-dimensional rotational angiography and digital subtraction angiography sequences. A modest contrast injection rate (between 1 and 4 ml/s) leads to a contrast density that is modulated by the cardiac cycle, which can be measured in the x-ray signal. An optical flow based approach is used to estimate the blood flow velocities from the cyclic phases in the x-ray signal.RESULTS: The authors have validated this method in vitro, and present three clinical cases. The in vitro experiments compared the x-ray video densitometry results with the gold standard delivered by a flow meter. Linear correlation analysis and regression fitting showed that the ideal slope of 1 and intercept of 0 were contained within the 95 percentile confidence interval. The results show that a frame rate higher than 50 Hz allows measuring flows in the range of 2 ml/s to 6 ml/s within an accuracy of 5%.CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro and clinical results indicate that it is feasible to estimate blood flow in routine interventional procedures. The availability of an x-ray based method for quantitative flow estimation is particularly clinically useful for intra-cranial applications, where other methods, such as ultrasound Doppler, are not available.
|
['Angiography, Digital Subtraction', 'Arteries', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Phantoms, Imaging']
| 23,039,662
|
[['E01.370.350.600.350.700.060', 'E01.370.350.700.060.060', 'E01.370.350.700.700.060', 'E01.370.350.760.060', 'E01.370.370.050.060'], ['A07.015.114'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.671']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Distinct Kv channel subtypes contribute to differences in spike signaling properties in the axon initial segment and presynaptic boutons of cerebellar interneurons.
|
The discrete arrangement of voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels in axons may impart functional advantages in action potential (AP) signaling yet, in compact cell types, the organization of Kv channels is poorly understood. We find that in cerebellar stellate cell interneurons of mice, the composition and influence of Kv channels populating the axon is diverse and depends on location allowing axonal compartments to differentially control APs in a local manner. Kv1 channels determine AP repolarization at the spike initiation site but not at more distal sites, limiting the expression of use-dependent spike broadening to the most proximal axon region, likely a key attribute informing spiking phenotype. Local control of AP repolarization at presynaptic boutons depends on Kv3 channels keeping APs brief, thus limiting Ca(2+) influx and synaptic strength. These observations suggest that AP repolarization is tuned by the local influence of distinct Kv channel types, and this organization enhances the functional segregation of axonal compartments.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cerebellum', 'Electrophysiological Phenomena', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Interneurons', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Potassium Channels', 'Presynaptic Terminals', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Receptors, Presynaptic', 'Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels', 'Shaw Potassium Channels', 'Synaptic Transmission']
| 24,806,686
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['G07.265'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A08.675.358', 'A11.671.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['A08.675.542.145.750', 'A08.850.700', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.700', 'A11.671.137.750', 'A11.671.501.145.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.670'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.900.500.750', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.900.500.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.900.624.750'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Risk factors for colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and intensive care unit admission.
|
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are emerging pathogens. To analyze risk factors for colonization with ESBL-producing bacteria at intensive care unit (ICU) admission, we conducted a prospective study of a 3.5-year cohort of patients admitted to medical and surgical ICUs at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Over the study period, admission cultures were obtained from 5,209 patients. Of these, 117 were colonized with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., and 29 (25%) had a subsequent ESBL-positive clinical culture. Multivariable analysis showed the following to be statistically associated with ESBL colonization at admission: piperacillin-tazobactam (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-3.10), vancomycin (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.34-3.31), age > 60 years (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.24-2.60), and chronic disease score (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.04-1.27). Coexisting conditions and previous antimicrobial drug exposure are thus predictive of colonization, and a large percentage of these patients have subsequent positive clinical cultures for ESBL-producing bacteria.
|
['Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Klebsiella', 'Klebsiella Infections', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'beta-Lactam Resistance', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 17,953,083
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['B03.440.450.425.425', 'B03.660.250.150.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.503'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G06.099.225.500', 'G06.225.347.500', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Etiology of urethral discharge in West Africa: the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the etiological role of pathogens other than Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral discharge in West African men.METHODS: Urethral swabs were obtained from 659 male patients presenting with urethral discharge in 72 primary health care facilities in seven West African countries, and in 339 controls presenting for complaints unrelated to the genitourinary tract. Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the presence of N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.FINDINGS: N. gonorrhoeae, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and M. genitalium--but not U. urealyticum--were found more frequently in men with urethral discharge than in asymptomatic controls, being present in 61.9%, 13.8%, 13.4% and 10.0%, respectively, of cases of urethral discharge. Multiple infections were common. Among patients with gonococcal infection, T. vaginalis was as frequent a coinfection as C. trachomatis. M. genitalium, T. vaginalis, and C. trachomatis caused a similar clinical syndrome to that associated with gonococcal infection, but with a less severe urethral discharge.CONCLUSIONS: M. genitalium and T. vaginalis are important etiological agents of urethral discharge in West Africa. The frequent occurrence of multiple infections with any combination of four pathogens strongly supports the syndromic approach. The optimal use of metronidazole in flowcharts for the syndromic management of urethral discharge needs to be explored in therapeutic trials.
|
['Adult', 'Africa, Western', 'Animals', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Mycoplasma', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prevalence', 'Sexually Transmitted Diseases', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Trichomonas Infections', 'Trichomonas vaginalis', 'Urethritis']
| 11,242,818
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290.190'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['B03.440.400.425.550.550.474', 'B03.660.075.525.520.400'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C01.221.812', 'C01.778', 'C12.294.668', 'C13.351.500.711', 'C23.550.291.531.937'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['C01.610.752.890'], ['B01.630.800.808.717'], ['C12.777.767.851', 'C13.351.968.767.851']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
DNA uptake in competent Streptococcus pneumoniae requires ATP and is regulated by cytoplasmic pH.
|
DNA uptake in competent Streptococcus pneumoniae was strongly dependent on intracellular pH. Ionophore treatments that either acidified or alkalinized the cytoplasm reduced DNA transport. This indicates that the optimum pH for DNA uptake corresponds to the intracellular pH of competent bacteria which is 8.3 +/- 0.2. In addition, the ATP pool of the bacteria appeared to be a critical parameter in the process. The pattern of inhibition by arsenate, when the culture was treated at different steps of the competence cycle, suggested firstly, that a threshold ATP level was required to trigger transport and secondly, an ATP requirement for the process itself. This may indicate an ATP involvement in the activation of an uptake machinery functioning at the expense of ATP.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Arsenates', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Monensin', 'Nigericin', 'Potassium', 'Sodium', 'Streptococcus pneumoniae', 'Transformation, Bacterial']
| 2,612,880
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D01.075.025', 'D01.248.497.158.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G02.300'], ['D03.383.312.600'], ['D03.383.312.634', 'D03.383.663.620'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.550', 'B03.510.400.800.872.550', 'B03.510.550.737.872.550'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fatal Vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs.
|
Sixteen fatal dog envenomations by the snake Vipera palaestinae over a 14-y period are described. Most envenomations occurred during the late night hours in the warm months, and 8/16 dogs were bitten on the limbs. The most frequent clinical signs upon admission were soft tissue swelling and edema, local pain, depression, bleeding, lameness, dyspnea, and 6 dogs were in shock. Thrombocytopenia was present in 14/16 cases and increased hematocrit (13/16) and hemoglobin (9/16) concentration were the most common hematological abnormalities upon admission. Biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of muscle enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Creatine kinase activity was markedly increased in 2 dogs. During hospitalization serious complications in many dogs were disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, acute necrotizing pancreatitis and severe laryngeal edema; these required intensive and expensive therapies. Specific antivenin (10 ml) administered to 8/16 dogs did not prevent death. Glucocorticosteroids were given in 8 cases; however, their use was associated with complications. Four dogs suffered sudden death, 2 of which died 1-2 d after discharge. Necropsy performed on 3/16 dogs found soft tissue swelling and local bleeding at the envenomation sites as well as bleeding in several distal body organs and tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Dyspnea', 'Edema', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Hematologic Tests', 'Hemorrhage', 'Pain', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Snake Bites', 'Viperidae']
| 15,487,652
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C08.618.326', 'C23.888.852.371'], ['C23.888.277'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['E01.370.225.625', 'E05.200.625'], ['C23.550.414'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C25.723.127.442', 'C26.176.724'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Conformational study of poly(L-lysine) interacting with acidic phospholipid vesicles.
|
Circular dichroism measurements were carried out on poly(L-lysine) in the presence of vesicles of the negatively charged phospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS; from bovine brain), phosphatidic acid (PA; prepared from egg yolk lecithin) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG). PS vesicles induced a conformational change in poly(L-lysine) from random coil to alpha-helix structure in 5 mM Tes (pH 7.0), whereas PA vesicles gave rise to beta-structure in the same buffer. The fraction of alpha-helix, F alpha (or beta-structure, F beta), increased with increasing PS (or PA) concentration, reaching a saturation value of about 0.7 (or about 1). Mixed vesicles comprising PS and dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) also induced alpha-helix conformation, however, the saturation value of F alpha diminished with decreasing PS content in mixed vesicles. On the other hand, the spectral patterns for poly(L-lysine) in DMPG vesicle suspensions exhibited the coexistence of alpha-helix and beta-structure. Both F alpha and F beta increased with DMPG concentration and reached saturation values of about 0.5. Mixed vesicles composed of DMPG and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) led to a reduction in F beta, while F alpha remained almost constant. The diversity in ordered structure induced by different phospholipid vesicles suggests the participation of lipid head groups in determining the secondary structure of poly(L-lysine) adsorbed on the vesicular surface.
|
['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry, Physical', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Phosphatidic Acids', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Phosphatidylglycerols', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Polylysine', 'Protein Conformation']
| 2,611,343
|
[['G02'], ['H01.181.529'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D10.570.755.375.760'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.885'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D12.125.068.555.750', 'D12.125.095.647.750', 'D12.644.760'], ['G02.111.570.820.709']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Transient expression of the angiotensin II receptor: a rapid and functional analysis of a calcium-mobilizing seven-transmembrane domain receptor in COS-7 cells.
|
The mas oncogene/angiotensin II receptor was subcloned into a mammalian expression vector pCDM8 and used to transiently transfect monkey kidney derived COS-7 cells. As a result, the mas transfected COS-7 cells expressed a functional angiotensin II receptor capable of transducing an increase in intracellular Ca2+ following stimulation with angiotensin II. The angiotensin II stimulated changes in Ca2+ could be measured 24 hours after transfection in both a fluorimeter and a fluorescence activated cell sorter. These results describe a rapid method for the functional analysis of the 7-transmembrane domain receptor genes.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Epinephrine', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Haplorhini', 'Kidney', 'Receptors, Angiotensin', 'Transfection']
| 2,514,688
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.149'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A minimalist glutamyl-tRNA synthetase dedicated to aminoacylation of the tRNAAsp QUC anticodon.
|
Escherichia coli encodes YadB, a protein displaying 34% identity with the catalytic core of glutamyl-tRNA synthetase but lacking the anticodon-binding domain. We show that YadB is a tRNA modifying enzyme that evidently glutamylates the queuosine residue, a modified nucleoside at the wobble position of the tRNA(Asp) QUC anticodon. This conclusion is supported by a variety of biochemical data and by the inability of the enzyme to glutamylate tRNA(Asp) isolated from an E.coli tRNA-guanosine transglycosylase minus strain deprived of the capacity to exchange guanosine 34 with queuosine. Structural mimicry between the tRNA(Asp) anticodon stem and the tRNA(Glu) amino acid acceptor stem in prokaryotes encoding YadB proteins indicates that the function of these tRNA modifying enzymes, which we rename glutamyl-Q tRNA(Asp) synthetases, is conserved among prokaryotes.
|
['Acylation', 'Anticodon', 'Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutamate-tRNA Ligase', 'Molecular Mimicry', 'Nucleoside Q', 'Periodic Acid', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Transfer, Asp', 'RNA, Transfer, Glu']
| 15,150,343
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['D13.444.735.757.286', 'G05.360.335.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.464.263.200.250'], ['G02.111.560', 'G05.545', 'G16.012.750.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.500', 'D13.570.583.454.500', 'D13.570.800.453.500'], ['D01.029.260.675', 'D01.475.705'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.757.700.090'], ['D13.444.735.757.700.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predictors for imaging progression on chest CT from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential parameters associated with imaging progression on chest CT from coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients.RESULTS: The average age of 273 COVID-19 patients enrolled with imaging progression were older than those without imaging progression (p = 0.006). The white blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and acid glycoprotein were all decreased in imaging progression patients (all p < 0.05), and monocytes were increased (p = 0.025). The parameters including homocysteine, urea, creatinine and serum cystatin C were significantly higher in imaging progression patients (all p < 0.05), while eGFR decreased (p < 0.001). Monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) was significantly higher in imaging progression patients compared to that in imaging progression-free ones (p < 0.001). Logistic models revealed that age, MLR, homocysteine and period from onset to admission were factors for predicting imaging progression on chest CT at first week from COVID-19 patients (all p < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Age, MLR, homocysteine and period from onset to admission could predict imaging progression on chest CT from COVID-19 patients.METHODS: The primary outcome was imaging progression on chest CT. Baseline parameters were collected at the first day of admission. Imaging manifestations on chest CT were followed-up at (6±1) days.
|
['COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pandemics', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'Thorax', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 32,275,643
|
[['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['A01.923.761'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Involvement of toll-like receptor 2 and pro-apoptotic signaling pathways in bone remodeling in osteomyelitis.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Osteomyelitis is a common manifestation of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection characterized by bone loss and destruction. We investigated the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in bacterial recognition and clearance in response to infection with an osteomyelitis isolate of S. aureus.METHODS: Apoptosis was assessed in the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry. The expression of TLR2 and apoptosis-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway proteins was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were assessed by ALP activity assay and Alizarin red staining.RESULTS: S. aureus induced apoptosis, upregulated TLR2 expression, and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in a time dependent manner. Inhibition of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway downregulated TLR2 and suppressed the S. aureus induced activation of pro-apoptotic pathways. Short-hairpin RNA mediated silencing of TLR2 reversed S. aureus induced apoptosis and decrease in ALP activity and calcium deposition, and inhibition of JNK had a similar effect.CONCLUSION: We showed that osteoblast apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation in response to bacterial invasion are dependent on TLR2 expression and JNK activation, suggesting novel potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteomyelitis.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bone Remodeling', 'Calcium', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mice', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2']
| 25,503,704
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G11.427.213', 'G16.762.150'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.329.629'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cyclophosphamide desensitization in patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions to bendamustine.
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INTRODUCTION: Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylator employed in the treatment of many malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Despite reports of cyclophosphamide hypersensitivity ranging from rash to anaphylaxis, no cases of desensitization have been reported in the oncologic setting.CASE REPORT: We report a cyclophosphamide desensitization protocol used for two patients who experienced severe hypersensitivity to bendamustine, a structurally related drug with potential cross immunogenicity.MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: An interdisciplinary approach including immunologist, oncologist, and clinical pharmacists resulted in the development of a multi-step desensitization protocol for cyclophosphamide. The desensitization protocol described enabled the safe administration of cyclophosphamide for the two patients with limited treatment alternatives.DISCUSSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of cyclophosphamide desensitization in the oncologic setting. Two patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were able to receive cyclophosphamide with minimal adverse effects, despite experiencing previous severe hypersensitivity to another nitrogen mustard analogue.
|
['Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Bendamustine Hydrochloride', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Desensitization, Immunologic', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 31,433,727
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['D02.241.081.114.625', 'D02.455.526.728.650.103', 'D03.633.100.103.123'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.310', 'E05.478.610.310'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Do too many cooks spoil the broth? Multiple physician involvement in medical management of elderly patients and potentially inappropriate drug combinations.
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine (a) whether the risk of a potentially inappropriate drug combination (PIDC) increases with the number of physicians involved in the medical management of an elderly patient and (b) whether the risk of a PIDC is reduced if a patient has a single primary care physician or a single dispensing pharmacy, or both.DESIGN: Cross-sectional retrospective provincial database study.PARTICIPANTS: A regionally stratified random sample of 51,587 elderly medicare registrants in Quebec who (a) visited at least one physician in 1990, (b) were not living in a health care institution for the entire year and (c) had been dispensed at least one prescription for a cardiovascular drug, a psychotropic drug or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).OUTCOME MEASURES: Information on all physician visits and drugs dispensed during 1990. Physician claims were used to identify the number of physicians involved in a patient's management and whether the patient had one primary care physician. Prescription claims were used to identify the number of PIDCs, prescribing physicians and dispensing pharmacies.RESULTS: The prevalence of PIDCs ranged from 4.0% (among those in the NSAID group) to 20.3% (among those in the psychotropic drug group). Of the PIDCs identified, 17.6% to 25.8% resulted from contemporaneous prescribing by different physicians. The number of prescribing physicians was the most important risk factor for a PIDC in all drug groups (odds ratio [OR] 1.44 to 1.71). The presence of a single primary care physician lowered the risk for cardiovascular and psychotropic PIDCs (OR 0.70 and 0.79 respectively) but not for NSAID PIDCs (OR 0.94). The use of a single dispensing pharmacy lowered the risk of a PIDC in all drug groups (OR 0.68 to 0.79).CONCLUSION: The greater the number of physicians prescribing medications for an elderly patient, the greater is the risk that the patient will receive a PIDC. A single primary care physician and a single dispensing pharmacy may be "protective" factors in preventing PIDCs.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Community Pharmacy Services', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Drug Interactions', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Quebec', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']
| 8,612,253
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014.040.500', 'D27.505.954.158.030', 'D27.505.954.329.030'], ['D27.505.954.411'], ['N02.421.143.221', 'N02.421.668.274'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Phospholipid Homeostasis Regulates Dendrite Morphogenesis in Drosophila Sensory Neurons.
|
Disruptions in lipid homeostasis have been observed in many neurodevelopmental disorders that are associated with dendrite morphogenesis defects. However, the molecular mechanisms of how lipid homeostasis affects dendrite morphogenesis are unclear. We find that easily shocked (eas), which encodes a kinase with a critical role in phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis, and two other enzymes in this synthesis pathway are required cell autonomously in sensory neurons for dendrite growth and stability. Furthermore, we show that the level of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP) activity is important for dendrite development. SREBP activity increases in eas mutants, and decreasing the level of SREBP and its transcriptional targets in eas mutants largely suppresses the dendrite growth defects. Furthermore, reducing Ca2+ influx in neurons of eas mutants ameliorates the dendrite morphogenesis defects. Our study uncovers a role for EAS kinase and reveals the in vivo function of phospholipid homeostasis in dendrite morphogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Dendrites', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Homeostasis', 'Neurogenesis', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins']
| 29,069,593
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['G07.410'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D08.811.913.696.620'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['D12.776.260.103.500.750', 'D12.776.260.108.092.750', 'D12.776.930.125.500.750', 'D12.776.930.127.092.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Illumination of Arabidopsis roots induces immediate burst of ROS production.
|
Arabidopsis roots are routinely exposed to light both during their cultivation within transparent Petri dishes and during their confocal microscopy analysis. Here we report that illumination of roots which naturally grow in darkness, even for a few seconds, induces an immediate and strong burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plant scientists studying roots should pay great attention to the environment of living roots, and keep them in darkness as long as possible. Results obtained using illuminated roots during in vivo microscopic analysis should also be interpreted with great caution.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Darkness', 'Light', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Roots', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Seedlings', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 21,957,498
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['G01.590.540.233'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A18.400'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pontine hypoplasia in Carey-Fineman-Ziter (CFZ) syndrome.
|
We describe an infant with multiple congenital anomalies including cleft palate and micrognathia, M?bius sequence, developmental delay, myopathy, hydronephrosis, and bilateral clubfeet. These features are consistent with Carey-Fineman-Ziter (CFZ) syndrome (MIM 254940), which has been previously reported in six children (including two sibling pairs). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an unusually small pons, a finding not previously described in CFZ syndrome.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pons', 'Syndrome']
| 15,150,780
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.600'], ['C23.550.288.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Maternal synchronization of gestational length and lung maturation.
|
Among all mammals, fetal growth and organ maturation must be precisely synchronized with gestational length to optimize survival at birth. Lack of pulmonary maturation is the major cause of infant mortality in preterm birth. Whether fetal or maternal genotypes influence the close relationship between the length of gestation and lung function at birth is unknown. Structural and biochemical indicators of pulmonary maturity were measured in two mouse strains whose gestational length differed by one day. Shorter gestation in C57BL/6J mice was associated with advanced morphological and biochemical pulmonary development and better perinatal survival when compared to A/J pups born prematurely. After ovarian transplantation, A/J pups were born early in C57BL/6J dams and survived after birth, consistent with maternal control gestational length. Expression of genes critical for perinatal lung function was assessed in A/J pups born after ovarian transfer. A subset of mRNAs important for perinatal respiratory adaptation was selectively induced in the A/J pups born after ovarian transfer. mRNAs precociously induced after ovarian transfer indicated an important role for the transcription factors C/EBPá and CREB in maternally induced lung maturation. We conclude that fetal lung maturation is determined by both fetal and maternal genotypes. Ovarian transfer experiments demonstrated that maternal genotype determines the timing of birth and can influence fetal lung growth and maturation to ensure perinatal survival.
|
['Animals', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Female', 'Fetal Organ Maturity', 'Genotype', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pregnancy']
| 22,096,492
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.260.108.124', 'D12.776.660.167', 'D12.776.930.127.124'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.750', 'G07.345.500.325.377.249', 'G08.686.784.170.157.750'], ['G05.380'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular species delimitation in the Racomitrium canescens complex (Grimmiaceae) and implications for DNA barcoding of species complexes in mosses.
|
In bryophytes a morphological species concept is still most commonly employed, but delimitation of closely related species based on morphological characters is often difficult. Here we test morphological species circumscriptions in a species complex of the moss genus Racomitrium, the R. canescens complex, based on variable DNA sequence markers from the plastid (rps4-trnT-trnL region) and nuclear (nrITS) genomes. The extensive morphological variability within the complex has led to different opinions about the number of species and intraspecific taxa to be distinguished. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions allowed to clearly distinguish all eight currently recognised species of the complex plus a ninth species that was inferred to belong to the complex in earlier molecular analyses. The taxonomic significance of intraspecific sequence variation is discussed. The present molecular data do not support the division of the R. canescens complex into two groups of species (subsections or sections). Most morphological characters, albeit being in part difficult to apply, are reliable for species identification in the R. canescens complex. However, misidentification of collections that were morphologically intermediate between species questioned the suitability of leaf shape as diagnostic character. Four partitions of the molecular markers (rps4-trnT, trnT-trnL, ITS1, ITS2) that could potentially be used for molecular species identification (DNA barcoding) performed almost equally well concerning amplification and sequencing success. Of these, ITS1 provided the highest species discrimination capacity and should be considered as a DNA barcoding marker for mosses, especially in complexes of closely related species. Molecular species identification should be complemented by redefining morphological characters, to develop a set of easy-to-use molecular and non-molecular identification tools for improving biodiversity assessments and ecological research including mosses.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Bryophyta', 'DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic', 'DNA, Plant', 'Genetic Variation', 'Species Specificity']
| 23,341,927
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.137'], ['E05.393.542.249', 'E05.393.760.700.149'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.365'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diabetic nephropathy and arterial hypertension.
|
The relationship between arterial blood pressure and diabetic nephropathy was examined in 61 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (22 females and 39 males). All patients fulfilled the following criteria: persistent proteinuria (greater than 0.5 g/day), onset of diabetes before 31 years of age, age less than 42 years, serum creatinine less than 130 mumol/l, and no antihypertensive treatment. Thirty Type 1 diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria but matched for sex, age, ideal body weight and duration of diabetes, and 30 healthy subjects matched for sex, age and ideal body weight were also studied as controls. The diabetic patients with persistent proteinuria had elevated blood pressures (146/96 +/- 17/10 mmHg, mean +/- SD) compared with 123/75 +/- 11/8 mmHg in diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria, and normal subjects (120/77 +/- 6/6 mmHg; p less than 0.001 for each). Diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 95 mmHg was found in 51% of the group with persistent proteinuria. Elevated arterial blood pressure is frequently present in young Type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and normal serum creatinine.
|
['Adult', 'Aging', 'Blood Pressure', 'Creatinine', 'Diabetic Nephropathies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Proteinuria']
| 6,825,976
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['C12.777.419.192', 'C13.351.968.419.192', 'C19.246.099.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C12.777.934.734', 'C13.351.968.934.734', 'C23.888.942.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Anatomy of the medial suprapatellar plica and medial synovial shelf.
|
The anatomy of the medial suprapatellar plica and medial synovial shelf was studied arthroscopically in 500 knees. The medical suprapatellar plica extended up to one third of the way across the suprapatellar pouch in 64.2% of knees, between one and two thirds in 4%, and two thirds or more in 31.6%. The medial synovial shelf was absent or vestigial in 36% of knees and broader than 1 cm in 13.2%. When both knees were examined arthroscopically, the similarity between the appearances of the plica and the shelf in the two knees was statistically significant. No relationship between age and the pattern of plica or shelf could be found. There was no association between large plicae and large shelves, but the shelf was absent significantly more often in knees with a narrow plica.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroscopy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patella', 'Synovial Membrane']
| 2,363,784
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.388.250.070', 'E04.502.250.070', 'E04.555.113'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.624', 'A02.835.232.730.500'], ['A02.835.583.443.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Early dose response analysis of ocular hypotensive effects of propranolol in patients with ocular hypertension.
|
Placebo and propranolol (Inderal) in doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg were given in a single-blind test to two groups of six ocular hypertensives. The groups consisted of patients with an intraocular pressure ranging from 20 to 29 mmHg and 30 to 39 mmHg. The doses were given 48 hours apart and administered after fasting 12 hours. IOP by Goldmann applanation tonometer, systemic blood pressure and pulse rate in the supine position were recorded hourly before and after administration. In both groups a decrease in mean IOP was noted after one hour and this reduction reached its maximum three hours after the administration of propranolol. The absolute reduction was greater in the group with the highest initial IOP and in both groups the fall in mean IOP showed a clear dose-dependent correlation. The simultaneous mean decrease in pulse rate was also dose-correlated, but reached its maximum two hours after administration. The fall in systemic blood pressure was only moderate and showed no obvious dose-dependence.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Glaucoma', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Propranolol']
| 795,456
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C11.525.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Unexpected active-site flexibility in the structure of human neutrophil elastase in complex with a new dihydropyrimidone inhibitor.
|
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a trypsin-type serine protease, is of pivotal importance in the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD encompasses a group of slowly progressive respiratory disorders and is a major medical problem and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. HNE is a major target for the development of compounds that inhibit the progression of long-term lung function decline in COPD patients. Here, we present the three-dimensional structure of a potent dihydropyrimidone inhibitor (DHPI) non-covalently bound to HNE at a resolution of 2.0 ?. The inhibitor binds to the active site in a unique orientation addressing S1 and S2 subsites of the protease. To facilitate further analysis of this binding mode, we determined the structure of the uncomplexed enzyme at a resolution of 1.86 ?. Detailed comparisons of the HNE:DHPI complex with the uncomplexed HNE structure and published structures of other elastase:inhibitor complexes revealed that binding of DHPI leads to large conformational changes in residues located in the S2 subsite. The rearrangement of residues Asp95-Leu99B creates a deep, well-defined cavity, which is filled by the P2 moiety of the inhibitor molecule to almost perfect shape complementarity. The shape of the S2 subsite in complex with DHPI clearly differs from all other observed HNE structures. The observed structural flexibility of the S2 subsite is a key feature for the understanding of the binding mode of DHPIs in general and the development of new HNE selective inhibitors.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Elastase', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Pyrimidines']
| 21,549,129
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560.500', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['D03.383.742']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The neural cell adhesion molecule-derived peptide, FGL, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in glia in a CD200-dependent manner.
|
Fibroblast growth loop (FGL) is a neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-mimetic peptide that mimics the interaction of NCAM with fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). FGL increases neurite outgrowth and promotes neuronal survival in vitro, and it has also been shown to have neuroprotective effects in vivo. More recent evidence has indicated that FGL has anti-inflammatory effects, decreasing age-related changes in microglial activation and production of inflammatory cytokines. These changes have been associated with an FGL-induced increase in expression of the glycoprotein, CD200, which interacts with its receptor to help maintain microglia in a quiescent state. However whether the FGL-induced anti-inflammatory effects are CD200-dependent has not been examined. The objective of this study was to address this question. Mixed glia were prepared from brain tissue of neonatal wildtype and CD200-deficient mice and preincubated with FGL prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were assessed for mRNA expression of markers of microglial activation, CD11b, CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and also the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1â, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-á, while supernatant concentrations of these cytokine were also assessed. LPS significantly increased all these parameters and the effect was greater in cells prepared from CD200-deficient mice. Whereas FGL attenuated the LPS-induced changes in cells from wildtype mice, it did not do so in cells from CD200-deficient mice. We conclude that the FGL-induced changes in microglial activation are CD200-dependent and demonstrate that the interaction of astrocytes with microglia is critically important for modulating microglial activation.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Astrocytes', 'Biomarkers', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Neuroglia', 'Peptides', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 23,337,536
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['D12.644'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease.
|
A novel X-linked combined immunodeficiency disease was found in five living males in an extended family in the United States. The age of the affected males ranged from 2.5 to 34 yr. The most prominent clinical abnormalities were a paucity of lymphoid tissue; recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia; severe varicella; and chronic papillomavirus infections. The principal immunologic features of the disorder were normal concentrations of serum immunoglobulins but restricted formation of IgG antibodies to immunogens; normal numbers of B cells and NK cells but decreased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, particularly the CD45RA+ subpopulations; diminished proliferative responses of blood T cells to allogeneic cells, mitogens and antigens; and decreased production of IL-2 by mitogen stimulated blood lymphocytes. Thus, affected males in this family carry an abnormal gene on their X chromosome that results in a combined immunodeficiency that is distinct from previously reported disorders.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Pedigree', 'Phenotype', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'X Chromosome']
| 2,243,135
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['C20.673'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.695'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells retain their proliferative characteristics, senescence, karyotype and plasticity after long-term cryopreservation.
|
We and others have provided evidence that adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) can mitigate rat cardiac functional deterioration after myocardial ischemia, even though the mechanism of action or the relevance of these findings to human conditions remains elusive. In this regard, the porcine model is a key translational step, because it displays heart anatomic-physiological features that are similar to those found in the human heart. Towards this end, we wanted to establish the cultural characteristics of porcine ASCs (pASCs) with or without long-term cryostorage, considering that allogeneic transplantation may also be a future option. Compared to fresh pASCs, thawed cells displayed 90-95% viability and no changes in morphological characteristics or in the expression of surface markers (being pASCs characterized by positive markers CD29(+); CD90(+); CD44(+); CD140b(+); CD105(+); and negative markers CD31(-); CD34(-); CD45(-) and SLA-DR(-); n = 3). Mean population doubling time was also comparable (64.26±15.11 hours to thawed cells vs. 62.74±18.07 hours to fresh cells) and cumulative population doubling increased constantly until Passage 10 (P10) in the entire cell population, with a small and gradual increase in senescence (P5, 3.25%±0.26 vs. 3.47%±0.32 and P10, 9.6%±0.29 vs. 10.67%±1.25, thawed vs. fresh; SA-â-Gal staining). Chromosomal aberrations were not observed. In addition, under both conditions pASCs responded to adipogenic and osteogenic chemical cues in vitro. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the growth characteristics, senescence, and the capacity of pASCs to respond to chemical cues in vitro and have provided evidence that these properties are not influenced by cryostorage in 10% DMSO solution.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Cryopreservation', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Karyotype', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Swine', 'Time Factors', 'Transcriptome']
| 23,874,472
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['G04.043'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['G05.360.162.679'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Possible association of HMOX1 and NQO1 polymorphisms with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A matched case-control study.
|
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Reactive metabolites from anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs can result in abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays an important role in anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (ATLI). Liver cells could keep the production of ROS in balance by antioxidant activities. The heme oxygenase 1, encoded by the HMOX1 gene and NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1, encoded by the NQO1 gene are crucial mediators of cellular defense against ROS. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between HMOX1 and NQO1 polymorphisms and ATLI in Chinese anti-TB treatment population.METHODS: A matched case-control study was conducted using 314 ATLI cases and 628 controls. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between genotypes and risk of ATLI by the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with weight and use of hepatoprotectant as covariates.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Patients carrying the GG genotype at rs2071748 in HMOX1 were at a higher risk of ATLI than those with the AA genotype (adjusted OR = 1.503, 95% CI: 1.005-2.249, P = 0.047), and significant differences were also found under the recessive (P = 0.015) and additive (P = 0.045) models. Subgroup analysis confirmed the relationship in mild hepatotoxicity cases under the recessive and additive models (adjusted OR = 1.714, 95% CI: 1.169-2.513, P = 0.006; adjusted OR = 1.287, 95% CI: 1.015-1.631, P = 0.037, respectively).WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This is the first study to explore the relationship between HMOX1, NQO1 polymorphisms and ATLI in Chinese anti-TB treatment population. Based on a matched case-control study, genetic polymorphisms of HMOX1 may be associated with susceptibility to ATLI in the Chinese population.
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Heme Oxygenase-1', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Tuberculosis']
| 30,776,144
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.410.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.682.608.800.500'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enzymatically Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein Promotes Foam Cell Formation in Smooth Muscle Cells via Macropinocytosis and Enhances Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein.
|
OBJECTIVE: Enzyme-modified nonoxidized low-density lipoprotein (ELDL) is present in human atherosclerotic lesions. Our objective is to understand the mechanisms of ELDL uptake and its effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC).APPROACH AND RESULTS: Transformation of murine aortic SMCs into foam cells in response to ELDL was analyzed. ELDL, but not acetylated or oxidized LDL, was potent in inducing SMC foam cell formation. Inhibitors of macropinocytosis (LY294002, wortmannin, amiloride) attenuated ELDL uptake. In contrast, inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis (dynasore, sucrose) and inhibitor of caveolae-/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis (filipin) had no effect on ELDL uptake in SMC, suggesting that macropinocytosis is the main mechanism of ELDL uptake by SMC. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is not obligatory for ELDL-induced SMC foam cell formation, but primes SMC for the uptake of oxidized LDL in a RAGE-dependent manner. ELDL increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, cytosolic calcium, and expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 in wild-type SMC but not in RAGE(-/-) SMC. The macropinocytotic uptake of ELDL is regulated predominantly by intracellular calcium because ELDL uptake was completely inhibited by pretreatment with the calcium channel inhibitor lacidipine in wild-type and RAGE(-/-) SMC. This is in contrast to pretreatment with PI3 kinase inhibitors which completely prevented ELDL uptake in RAGE(-/-) SMC, but only partially in wild-type SMC.CONCLUSIONS: ELDL is highly potent in inducing foam cells in murine SMC. ELDL endocytosis is mediated by calcium-dependent macropinocytosis. Priming SMC with ELDL enhances the uptake of oxidized LDL.
|
['Acetylation', 'Animals', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biological Transport', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Foam Cells', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Macrophages, Peritoneal', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pinocytosis', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products', 'Scavenger Receptors, Class E', 'Sterol Esterase', 'Trypsin']
| 27,079,883
|
[['G02.111.012.052', 'G02.607.063.052', 'G03.040.052'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.372.368', 'A11.627.482.368', 'A11.733.397.368', 'A15.382.670.522.368', 'A15.382.680.397.368'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['A11.329.372.630', 'A11.627.482.630', 'A11.733.397.630', 'A15.382.670.522.630', 'A15.382.680.397.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['G04.417.370'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.615'], ['D12.776.503.280.718', 'D12.776.543.750.705.940.734', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.625.500', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.750.734'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Calcium-regulated expression of activin A in RBL-2H3 mast cells.
|
The present study examined the regulatory expression of activin A, a potent growth and differentiation factor, in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells. Treatment of RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with anti-dinitrophenyl IgE with multivalent dinitrophenyl led to a clear increase in RT-PCR products of inhibin/activin beta(A). The steady-state mRNA of inhibin/activin beta(A) was also induced by increasing cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration with ionomycin, which required de novo protein synthesis, and was regulated at the transcriptional level. Pretreatment of RBL-2H3 cells with antagonists or inhibitors for the calmodulin pathway blocked ionomycin-dependent inhibin/activin beta(A) transcription and mRNA induction, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMK) and calcineurin. The ionomycin-dependent inhibin/activin beta(A) induction was also partially blocked by preincubation with c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase inhibitors, but not with MEK1 inhibitor. These results suggest that inhibin/activin beta(A) gene activation is achieved by the JNK and p38 kinase activation through the calmodulin pathway in mast cells.
|
['Activins', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Calmodulin', 'Inhibin-beta Subunits', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Mast Cells', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Rats', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 12,681,448
|
[['D06.472.334.500', 'D06.472.699.009', 'D12.644.548.009', 'D12.776.395.022'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['D06.472.334.500.500', 'D06.472.334.968.500', 'D06.472.699.009.500', 'D06.472.699.337.500', 'D12.644.548.009.500', 'D12.644.548.387.500', 'D12.776.395.022.500', 'D12.776.395.439.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567', 'D12.644.360.450', 'D12.776.476.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G05.308.800'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Preapproval Information Exchange: Perspectives of U.S. Population Health Decision Makers on Preferences for Early Engagement with Investigational Therapies.
|
BACKGROUND: Preapproval information exchange (PIE) is the communication of clinical and health care economic information (HCEI) on therapies in development between U.S. population health decision makers (PHDMs) and drug manufacturers before regulatory approval. Early access to HCEI can help PHDMs plan budgets, inform formulary coverage decisions, and accelerate policy development to improve patient access to innovative health technologies. While recent FDA guidelines and proposed legislation aim to clarify definitions and execution of PIE, the level of U.S. PHDMs' awareness and preferences for early engagement with investigational therapies is unclear.OBJECTIVES: To (a) assess U.S. PHDMs' current knowledge and perceptions of PIE and (b) identify their preferences for PIE, in order to shape future development of related guidelines and policy.METHODS: An expert panel of 5 U.S. PHDMs representing national and regional payers from integrated health plans, pharmacy benefit management, and specialty pharmacy organizations participated in a 2-round modified Delphi process. A targeted literature review of PIE was used to develop a web-based survey administered to the panel. Survey responses were grouped by consensus, with ? 80% agreement or disagreement as the threshold in round 1. In round 2, content experts moderated an inperson meeting where panelists deliberated and then revoted on round 1 nonconsensus topics.RESULTS: In the round 1 survey, the panelists reached consensus on 35 of 54 (65%) multiple-choice questions. In the round 2 face-to-face discussion, 19 nonconsensus questions were debated. One question was removed due to duplication, and consensus was achieved on 16 additional questions, with 2 items of nonconsensus remaining. Overall, consensus was achieved on 51 of 53 topics (96%). There was full consensus by the panelists that PIE should encompass new molecular entities and new indications of marketed therapies. Panelists completely agreed on the need for a legislative "safe harbor" for PIE. Four of five panelists reported that the value of PIE was high to PHDMs, and they expressed a strong preference for peer-to-peer conversations with manufacturers' medical or outcomes liaisons for PIE. The main topic of nonconsensus was the optimal timing of PIE.CONCLUSIONS: This panel of U.S. PHDMs achieved consensus on the value of PIE to proactively budget, make informed formulary decisions, and develop pharmaceutical policy to facilitate patient access to new therapies. The PHDM panel's preferences for PIE should be considered in legislative discussions and planning for future PIE by PHDMs and manufacturers. The full contribution of PIE to improving the U.S. health system can best be realized under a safe harbor that allows U.S. PHDM and manufacturer experts to engage in robust scientific and economic discourse. Additional research and broad stakeholder engagement is needed to advance the development of formal U.S. PIE guidelines.DISCLOSURES: This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Brixner, Oderda, and Biskupiak are principals of Millcreek Outcomes Group, a consultancy that received funding from GSK to conduct this study. Marciniak and Woodward are employees of GSK and own stock in GSK. Seifter was employed by GSK at the time of this study. Neumann served as external health policy advisor for this study and has consulted or served on advisory boards with Merck, Bayer, Pacira, Novo Nordisk, Amgen, Abbvie, Boston Health Economics, Vertex, Precision Health Economics, the Congressional Budget Office, CEA Registry Sponsors, Axovant, Veritech, Janssen, Parateck, Avexis, GSK, Celegene, Bluebird, Roche, Sage, Sarepta, Biogen, and Ipsen. Neumann also reports grants from Amgen, Lundbeck, Gates, NPC, Alzheimer's Association, and NIH.
|
['Budgets', 'Consensus', 'Decision Making', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Delphi Technique', 'Drug Approval', 'Drug Industry', 'Guidelines as Topic', 'Health Policy', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Humans', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Therapies, Investigational', 'United States']
| 30,698,089
|
[['N03.219.463.060'], ['F01.829.316.068', 'F02.463.785.373.433'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['L01.906.197'], ['E05.290.250', 'E05.337.300', 'I01.880.604.605.250.250'], ['J01.576.655.750'], ['N04.761.700.350', 'N05.700.350'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['E02.931'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Changes in height of jump, maximal voluntary contraction force and low-frequency fatigue after 100 intermittent or continuous jumps with maximal intensity.
|
Healthy untrained males (age 25.4 +/- 1.7 years, n=12) gave their informed consent to take part in all experiments within the study. After 100 intermittent (every 20 s) drop jumps from the height of 0. 4 m, jumps with counter-movement to 90 degrees angle in the knee and immediate maximal rebound (eccentric-concentric exercise; E-C) and 100 continuous jumps (five bouts of 20 jumps with counter-movement to 90 degrees angle in the knee with 10 s between bouts) (maximal exercise; M) with maximal intensity, the height of vertical jump decreased in a similar way, and this decrease did not depend on the performance mode of jumps. After E-C and M jumping exercises, there was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in maximal voluntary contraction force, as well in the force generated by electrical stimulation at all stimulation frequencies, and these values were not restored to the initial level even after 24 h. After the E-C exercise, however, the muscle contraction force generated at different stimulation frequencies and, especially, at low-stimulation frequencies (1-20 Hz) decreased to a significantly (P < 0.05-0.001) greater extent than after M exercise. Twenty minutes after the end of M exercise, there was still a greater increase in low-frequency fatigue (LFF) and it was no different from the LFF registered 20 min after the end of E-C exercise. Twenty-four hours after the M exercise, however, LFF was smaller than its respective value after E-C exercise. There was no significant relationship between the values of LFF after E-C and M exercises. This may indicate that there are differences in the origin of the LFF after the E-C and M exercises.
|
['Adult', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Physical Exertion', 'Volition']
| 10,759,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.550'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G11.427.683'], ['F02.463.902']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Meta-analysis of anthropogenic habitat disturbance effects on animal-mediated seed dispersal.
|
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is a strong biodiversity change driver that compromises not only the species persistence but also the ecological interactions in which they are involved. Even though seed dispersal is a key interaction involved in the recruitment of many tree species and in consequence critical for biodiversity maintenance, studies assessing the effect of different anthropogenic disturbance drivers on this interaction have not been performed under a meta-analytical framework. We assessed the way habitat fragmentation and degradation processes affect species diversity (abundance and species richness) and interaction rates (i.e., fruit removal and visitation rates) of different groups of seed-disperser species at a global scale. We obtained 163 case studies from 37 articles. Results indicate that habitat degradation had a negative effect on seed-disperser animal diversity, whereas habitat fragmentation had a negative effect on interaction rates. Birds and insects were more sensitive in terms of their diversity, whereas mammals showed a negative effect on interaction rates. Regarding habitat, both fragmentation and degradation had a negative effect on seed-disperser animal diversity only in temperate habitats, and negative effects on interaction rates in tropical and temperate habitats. Our results indicate that the impact of human disturbance on seed-disperser species and interactions is not homogeneous. On the contrary, the magnitude of effects seems to be dependent on the type of disturbance, taxonomic group under assessment, and geographical region where the human impact occurs.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Climate', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Insecta', 'Mammals', 'Seed Dispersal']
| 26,149,368
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B01.050.150.900.649'], ['G01.154.767', 'G15.620.500', 'G15.808']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Twenty-four-hour time course of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous Africans: relation to sleep patterns.
|
OBJECTIVE: The study was performed in early middle-aged African natives with primary open-angle glaucoma to compare the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) variations in healthy versus young glaucoma patients, because IOP follows a circadian (24-hour) oscillation in healthy Caucasians.DESIGN: Case-control study.PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen healthy African volunteers (age 24.5 +/- 1 years, mean +/- standard error of the mean) and 11 open-angle glaucoma African patients (age 36.2 +/- 3.3 years).METHODS: IOP was measured hourly during 24 hours with a Modular One pneumatonometer (Modular One, Digilab, Cambridge, MA), which allows measures in supine subjects. To allow the IOP measurement at night, subjects were awakened under polysomnography (electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electro-oculogram) recorded at night and during a 90-minute afternoon nap.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hourly IOP values were analyzed for circadian rhythmicity with the Cosinor technique and in relation to the state of wakefulness, light sleep (stages 1 and 2), slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep upon awakening.RESULTS: Sleep patterns did not differ between patients and healthy volunteers. As expected, in the healthy subjects, IOP followed a 24-hour rhythm with a nocturnal peak value (acrophase), and the variations in IOP during sleep were related to sleep structure, being lowest during REM sleep and highest during slow-wave sleep. In the glaucoma patients, however, the 24-hour rhythm of IOP was reversed, with an afternoon acrophase and an early morning trough.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a circadian phase shift in IOP in glaucoma patients, with maintained relation to sleep structure.
|
['Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Glaucoma, Open-Angle', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Niger', 'Polysomnography', 'Sleep Stages', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Wakefulness']
| 11,150,279
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['C11.525.381.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G14.440'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.560'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754'], ['E01.370.380.750'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Separation and Analysis of Aspirin and Metformin HCl Using Green Subcritical Water Chromatography.
|
Organic solvents are widely used in pharmaceutical and chemical industry for chromatographic separations. In recent years, subcritical water chromatography (SBWC) has shown ability in replacing hazardous organic solvents used in traditional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this work, a pain killer-aspirin-and an antidiabetic drug-metformin HCl-were successfully separated on an XBridge C18 column using no organic solvents in the subcritical water chromatography mobile phase. Both traditional HPLC and subcritical water chromatography were used for comparison purposes. SBWC separation of metformin HCl and aspirin were achieved at 95 °C and 125 °C, respectively. The recovery for both active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) obtained by SBWC is 99% in comparing with the stated content of each drug. The relative standard deviation is less than 1% for SBWC assays developed in this work. This level of accuracy and precision achieved by SBWC is the same as that resulted by the traditional HPLC analysis.
|
['Aspirin', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Metformin']
| 30,189,589
|
[['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.078.370.141.450']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intron-mediated RNA interference, intronic microRNAs, and applications.
|
Nearly 97% of the human genome is non-coding DNA. The intron occupies most of it around the gene-coding regions. Numerous intronic sequences have been recently found to encode microRNAs (miRNAs), responsible for RNA-mediated gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi)-like pathways. miRNAs, small single-stranded regulatory RNAs capable of interfering with intracellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that contain either complete or partial complementarity, are useful for the design of new therapies against cancer polymorphism and viral mutation. This flexible characteristic differs from double-stranded siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) because more rigid complementarity is required for siRNA-induced RNAi gene silencing. miRNAs were firstly discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans as native RNA fragments that modulate a wide range of genetic regulatory pathways during embryonic development. Currently, varieties of miRNAs are widely reported in plants, animals, and even microorganisms. Intronic miRNA is a new class of miRNAs derived from the processing of gene introns. The intronic miRNAs differ from previously described intergenic miRNAs due to the requirement of type II RNA polymerases (Pol-II) and spliceosomal components for their biogenesis. Several kinds of intronic miRNAs have been identified in C. elegans, mouse, and human cells. However, neither function nor application has been reported. Here, we show that, for the first time, intron-derived miRNAs are able to induce RNA interference not only in human and mouse cell lines but also in zebrafish, chicken, and mouse, which demonstrates the evolutionary preservation of the intron-mediated gene silencing through miRNA functionality in cell and in vivo. Based on this novel mechanism, numerous biomedical applications have been developed, including cosmetic skin whitening, transgenic animal generation, anti-viral vaccination and therapy, and somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. These findings suggest an important miRNA-mediated gene regulatory system, which fine-tunes a variety of cellular and developmental events through the mechanism of RNAi-like gene silencing.
|
['Animals', 'Chickens', 'Disease', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Molecular Biology', 'Pluripotent Stem Cells', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Zebrafish']
| 20,387,152
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['C23.550.288'], ['E02.095.301', 'E05.393.420.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.220.400', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.515'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['A11.872.700'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of size and location of the oligosaccharide chain on protease degradation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.
|
We have investigated the effect of size and location of the oligosaccharide chain on protease degradation of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. The sensitivity of nonglycosylated RNase A to trypsin and chymotrypsin was compared with three glycosylated species of RNase B which differed with respect to the size of the carbohydrate chain. Two forms of glycosylated RNase B were isolated by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and each was shown to contain a single carbohydrate chain composed of GlcNAc2Man1 (RNase B") or GlcNAc2Man5-8 (RNase B). A third form (RNase B'), with oligosaccharide composed of GlcNAc2Man4, was prepared by partial digestion of RNase B with alpha-mannosidase. Fully glycosylated RNase B was found to be 6-10 times more resistant to trypsin digestion than nonglycosylated RNase A. RNase B' and B", with intermediate chain sizes, were 3.0- and 1.3-fold more resistant to trypsin digestion than RNase A, respectively. With chymotrypsin, however, differences in rates of digestion were much less marked, with a maximum difference of 3-fold between RNase A and B. In addition, we found that the specificity of the primary trypsin (Arg 33-Asp 34 bond) or chymotrypsin (Tyr 25-Cys 26 bond) cleavage site was not affected by the presence or size of the oligosaccharide chain. These results are consistent with the view that the size of the oligosaccharide chain and its proximity to the primary or rate-limiting cleavage site are important for expression of the carbohydrate protection against proteolytic degradation, which thus appears to be mediated by steric hindrance.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Carbohydrate Sequence', 'Cattle', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Kinetics', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Pancreas', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Ribonuclease, Pancreatic', 'Ribonucleases', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Temperature', 'Trypsin']
| 6,630,185
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.160', 'L01.453.245.667.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D09.698.629'], ['A03.734'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.715', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.715'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Regulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Saccharomyces: the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, Mga2p, a transcription activator of the OLE1 gene, regulates the stability of the OLE1 mRNA through exosome-mediated mechanisms.
|
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae OLE1 gene encodes a membrane-bound Delta9 fatty-acid desaturase, whose expression is regulated through transcriptional and mRNA stability controls. In wild type cells grown on fatty acid-free medium, OLE1 mRNA has a half-life of 10 +/- 1.5 min (basal stability) that becomes highly unstable when cells are exposed to unsaturated fatty acids (regulated stability). Activation of OLE1 transcription is dependent on N-terminal fragments of two membrane proteins, Mga2p and Spt23p, that are proteolytically released from the membrane by a ubiquitin-mediated mechanism. Surprisingly, disruption of the MGA2 gene also reduces the half-life of the OLE1 transcript and abolishes fatty acid regulated instability. Disruption of its cognate, SPT23, has no effect on the half-life of the mRNA. Mga2p appears to have two distinct functions with respect to the OLE1 mRNA stability: a stabilizing effect in cells grown in fatty acid-free medium and a destabilizing function in cells that are exposed to unsaturated fatty acids. These functions are independent of OLE1 transcription and can confer basal and regulated stability on OLE1 mRNAs that are produced under the control of the unrelated GAL1 promoter. Expression of soluble, N-terminal fragments of Mga2p stabilize the transcript but do not confer fatty acid-regulated instability on the mRNA suggesting that the stabilizing functions of Mga2p do not require membrane processing and that modifications to the protein introduced during proteolysis may play a role in the destabilizing effect. An analysis of mutants that are defective in mRNA degradation indicate that the Mga2p-requiring control mechanism that regulates the fatty acid-mediated instability of the OLE1 transcript acts by activating exosomal 3' --> 5'-exonuclease degradation activity.
|
['Cell Membrane', 'DNA', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Fatty Acid Desaturases', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Models, Genetic', 'Plasmids', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase', 'Time Factors', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 15,220,333
|
[['A11.284.149'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392'], ['D10.251'], ['D10.251.355'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.392.625'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Enzyme-amplified electrochemical biosensor for detection of PML-RARá fusion gene based on hairpin LNA probe.
|
In this study, an enzyme-amplified electrochemical biosensor was developed for detection of the promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML/RARá) fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). This new sensor employs a hairpin locked nucleic acids (LNAs) probe dually labeled with biotin and carboxyfluorescein molecule (FAM). The probe is immobilized at a streptavidin-modified electrode surface via the biotin-streptavidin bridge, and FAM serves as an affinity tag for the peroxidase conjugate binding. Initially, the immobilized hairpin probe was in the "closed" state in the absence of the target, which shielded FAM from being approached by the bulky anti-FAM-HRP conjugate due to the steric effect. Target binding opens the hairpin structure of the probe, the probe undergoes a significant conformational change, forcing FAM away from the electrode. As a result, the FAM label becomes accessible by the anti-FAM-HRP, and the target hybridization event can be sensitively transduced via the enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal. This new biosensor demonstrates its excellent specificity for single-base mismatch and able to detect as little as 83 fM target DNA even in the presence of human serum. We also employed this sensor to directly detect PCR real sample with satisfactory results.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'DNA Probes', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Streptavidin']
| 21,840,703
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['E05.301'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['D12.776.097.835']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The demonstration and specificity of autoreactive T-lymphocytes in type-1 diabetes].
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes is characterised by a chronic autoimmune process predominantly transmitted by T-cells. Yet current knowledge about autoimmune reactions in type 1 diabetes transmitted by antigen-specific T-cells is very limited. In this study we investigated T-cell reactivity to potential autoantigens and their immunodominant epitopes in patients with type 1 diabetes and in control groups.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using 3H-thymidine incorporation in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with type 1 (group 1) or type 2 (group 2) diabetes, healthy controls (group 3) and healthy twins of type 1 diabetics (group 4), cell reactivity was measured to the proteins insulin and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and against the peptides of insulin, GAD 65, heat shock protein (HSP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA).RESULTS: Patients with type 1 diabetes had a significantly higher stimulation of peripheral T-lymphocytes by GAD 65 and a mixture of selected GAD 65 peptides than healthy controls. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by insulin, individual GAD peptides or insulin, HSP- and BSA-peptides.CONCLUSIONS: Autoantigen-specific T-lymphocytes can be demonstrated in blood of type 1 diabetics. The necessary tests for this are at present relatively cumbersome and therefore limited to special research laboratories. But in the future their identification in autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, will be a valuable addition to the demonstration of antibodies in which, even in the prediabetic phase, possibly protective and cytotoxic immune reactions can be distinguished.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Autoantigens', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Autoimmunity', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Epitopes', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Twins']
| 9,229,550
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.422'], ['C20.111'], ['G12.450.192'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812', 'E05.200.812', 'E05.478.594'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Test/inform/retest: a useful technique in undergraduate rheumatology teaching.
|
Twenty final year medical students had their ability to interpret rheumatological physical signs tested by 10 multiple choice questions (MCQ) on days 1 and 4 of an educational study. Ten theory questions were used as controls. They were then given an information sheet on the interpretation of physical signs, and repeated the MCQ on day 26. There was a progressive improvement in the theory scores but no improvement in clinical scores until after the information sheet was available. The improvement in clinical scores was significantly greater than the improvement in theory scores (P less than 0.001). We suggest that the use of an information sheet in conjunction with an MCQ paper can improve undergraduates' ability to interpret physical signs when used in the pattern test/inform/retest.
|
['Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rheumatology', 'Teaching']
| 1,730,107
|
[['I02.358.399.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['H02.403.429.730'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pulse therapy in pemphigus: report of 11 cases.
|
In this study, five cases of pemphigus vulgaris and two cases of pemphigus foliaceus were treated with cyclophosphamide pulse therapy associated with prednisone, resulting in the need for a smaller maintenance dose of prednisone. In three cases of pemphigus vulgaris and one case of pemphigus foliaceus, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide pulse therapy associated with prednisone helped the lesions to heal more rapidly. Neither treatment however prevented the recurrence of the disease. Amenorrhea, myelotoxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome were among the cyclophosphamide side effects. All the patients treated with prednisone experienced known side effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Dexamethasone', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pemphigus', 'Prednisone', 'Pulse Therapy, Drug', 'Recurrence', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,068,153
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['D27.505.954.444'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.800.865.716', 'C20.111.736'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.719.702'], ['E02.319.283.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hesperidin in orange juice reduces the absorption of celiprolol in rats.
|
It has been reported that the intestinal absorption of celiprolol, an antihypertensive drug, is inhibited when it is taken with orange juice; it has been suggested that element(s) in citrus juice are responsible for this. In the present study, the pharmacokinetic interaction between celiprolol and orange juice was characterized through in vivo experiments with rats. Celiprolol 5 mg/kg was injected into the rat duodenum together with 5 ml/kg of neutralized orange juice or the same concentration of hesperidin as in the orange juice. Plasma celiprolol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Concomitant administration of orange juice or hesperidin with celiprolol significantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 74% and 75%, respectively, compared with control. These findings suggest that hesperidin is responsible for the decreased absorption of celiprolol and that orange juice taken with celiprolol has an inhibiting effect on intestinal absorption of the drug.
|
['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Area Under Curve', 'Beverages', 'Celiprolol', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Citrus sinensis', 'Food-Drug Interactions', 'Hesperidin', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization']
| 18,344,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.268', 'D02.033.755.624.698.268', 'D02.065.950.681.241', 'D02.092.063.624.698.268', 'D02.455.426.559.389.703.241'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875.177.769'], ['G07.690.773.968.511'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.252.500', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.252.500', 'D09.408.386'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.196.566.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Thrombocyte kinetics before and after gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis].
|
Before and after performing a basic therapy with sanocrysin, thromboytic kinetic examinations were carried out in 12 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The thrombocyte survival time, maximal recovery and thrombocyte turnover were determined. The surface activity values were given in the form of spleen-heart quotients and liver-heart quotients as well as by surplus impulses over these organs. The findings evaluated statistically reveal that even the untreated rheumatoid arthritis will have thrombocytic kinetics deviating from the norm. By influencing RES the gold treatment will lead to an reduction of the enhanced platelet decomposition. The behaviour of single parameters before and after gold therapy are discussed. The examination of thrombocyte kinetic could not identify a damage of thrombopoiesis in the bone-marrow and in the periphery caused by sanocrysin.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Survival', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Liver', 'Myocardium', 'Spleen']
| 64,411
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Memory-driven attentional capture reveals the waxing and waning of working memory activation due to dual-task interference.
|
Previous studies have shown that information held in working memory (WM) actively or as a residue of previous processing can lead to attentional capture by corresponding stimuli in the environment. Here, we compared attentional capture by goal-driven and residual WM activation and examined how these effects are affected by dual-task interference. In two experiments, participants performed an animacy judgment task for a word that they did or did not have to remember for a later recognition test. The word was followed in half of the trials by an arithmetic task that served to disrupt the WM activation of the previously processed word. Subsequently, WM-driven capture was assessed by having participants perform a single-target rapid serial visual presentation task in which a line drawing corresponding to the word was presented shortly before a target. The results showed that the line drawing captured attention irrespective of the presence of the arithmetic task when the word had to be remembered. In comparison, the animacy judgment alone resulted in capture only when the arithmetic task was absent, and this effect was equally strong as the capture effect caused by a to-be-remembered word. Taken together, these findings show that although residual and goal-driven WM activation may be equally potent in guiding attentional selection, these two forms of WM activation differ in that residual activation is overwritten by an attention-demanding task, whereas goal-driven WM activation can lead to the reinstatement of a stimulus after performing such a task.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Executive Function', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Short-Term', 'Young Adult']
| 27,125,221
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['F02.463.217'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.407'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) influences the melting temperature (T(m)) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) hybridization probes.
|
Prior to PCR amplification, uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) can be incorporated to prevent amplicon contamination. Melting temperature (T(m)) analysis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) hybridization probes was used to demonstrate a concentration-dependent decrease in T(m) values when heat stabile or heat labile UNG was added.
|
['DNA Probes', 'DNA, Viral', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Herpes Simplex', 'Herpesvirus 1, Human', 'Herpesvirus 2, Human', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transition Temperature', 'Uracil-DNA Glycosidase']
| 18,468,698
|
[['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['C01.925.256.466.382', 'C01.925.825.320', 'C17.800.838.790.320'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.390'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.440'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G01.906.595.850'], ['D08.811.074.249.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vivo assembly of the tau-complex of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme expressed from a five-gene artificial operon. Cleavage of the tau-complex to form a mixed gamma-tau-complex by the OmpT protease.
|
A plasmid was constructed that encodes all five subunits of the Escherichia coli tau-complex on a single artificially constructed operon under the control of an inducible promoter. The proteins tau, delta, delta , chi, and psi overproduced from this artificial operon assemble efficiently in vivo, providing an efficient source of homogeneous tau-complex. The gamma subunit is a truncated form of tau that is produced by a translational frameshift. When protein expression was induced in bacterial strains containing the outer membrane protein T (OmpT) protease, tau was proteolyzed after lysis to a gamma-like protein, gammaP, and a peptide, C-tau, corresponding to the C terminus of tau. N-terminal sequencing of C-tau revealed a cleavage site between two lysines at positions 429 and 430 of tau. The deduced sequence of gammaP is, therefore, only two amino acids shorter than natural gamma. The proteolysis by OmpT was also shown directly by using purified OmpT and tau-complex in an in vitro reaction. A gammaP-complex and a mixed tau-gammaP-complex were purified from ompT+ cells. When the tau-complex proteins were overexpressed in ompT- bacteria, intact tau-complex lacking gammaP could be purified.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Polymerase II', 'Escherichia coli', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Operon', 'Plasmids', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Serine Endopeptidases']
| 8,626,597
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.230'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D05'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['G05.360.340.024.686', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation, surveillance and treatment of panoral leukoplakia.
|
Leukoplakia is well-recognised as a premalignant condition of the oral mucosa. Despite many attempts to produce definitive laboratory tests for the prediction of those cases of premalignant leukoplakia which may undergo malignant transformation, there is as yet no fool-proof method of clinical and laboratory assessment. The problem is nowhere more manifest than in the management of panoral leukoplakia, especially in frail, elderly and apprehensive patients. In such cases the selection of sites for biopsy and treatment is often more empirical than logical. The introduction of cryosurgical techniques for the treatment of leukoplakia has enabled the surgeon to eradicate panoral white patches in a more conservative fashion. The application of a diagnostic nuclear staining test using toluidine blue dye, coupled with local exfoliative cytology, has provided a system for evaluation and surveillance of panoral leukoplakia which is clinically simple and at least as reliable as any predictive test previously described.
|
['Aged', 'Cryosurgery', 'Cytodiagnosis', 'Humans', 'Leukoplakia, Oral', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 54,399
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.014.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.384', 'E05.200.500.384', 'E05.242.384'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.591.545', 'C04.834.512.513', 'C07.465.530.545', 'C23.300.816.513'], ['C04.834'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Transforming growth factor-beta 2 both stimulates and inhibits neurogenesis of rat cerebellar granule cells in culture.
|
Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF beta 2) is expressed in the developing cerebellar cortex during the period of granule cell proliferation and maturation. However, the role of TGF beta 2 in granule cell development is confused by conflicting observations regarding TGF beta 2 control of neurogenesis. To resolve these conflicts and determine the effect of TGF beta 2 on neurogenesis, rat cerebellar granule cell cultures were treated with TGF beta 2 (0.1-100 ng/ml, 24 h) in the presence or absence of exogenous serum. Neuroblast proliferation was quantified by bromodeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine incorporation. TGF beta 2 stimulated proliferation to 220% of controls in the presence of serum (ED50 = 0.4 ng/ml) based on bromodeoxyuridine labeled granule cell counts. In contrast, in serum free medium, TGF beta 2 inhibited proliferation 75% (ED50 = 0.7 ng/ml). DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation was increased to 122% in the presence of serum factors, but inhibited 70% in serum free medium, as a result of TGF beta 2 activity. Thus, TGF beta 2 differentially regulates neurogenesis of cerebellar granule cells depending on the presence of exogenous, undefined regulatory factors derived from serum. This suggests that TGF beta 2 activity in cerebellar neurogenesis is complex as it may be modulated by the repertoire of other endogenous regulatory factors in the developing cerebellar cortex.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebellum', 'Linear Models', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 8,922,667
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Outpatient perineal sling in adolescent boys with neurogenic incontinence.
|
PURPOSE: Management for urinary incontinence in boys with sphincteric incompetence secondary to a neurogenic etiology is a challenge. Minimally invasive approaches have inconsistent efficacy and may require multiple treatments. Open bladder neck reconstruction requires inpatient hospitalizations and can be associated with a high complication rate. To overcome some of these shortcomings we placed a polypropylene male perineal sling in male adolescents with neurogenic sphincteric incontinence. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome in our initial 6 patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients 14 to 20 years old underwent placement of a polypropylene male perineal sling on an outpatient basis. Followup was 27 to 39 months (median 33). All patients had a history of myelomeningocele and underwent urodynamics showing normal compliance, adequate capacity and sphincteric incompetence. A suburethral sling was placed on an outpatient basis through a small perineal incision. Sling tension was adjusted for maximal urethral compression while still permitting uncomplicated urethral catheter passage.RESULTS: All 6 patients reported immediate complete continence after sling placement. Two slings were removed after local infection developed and 1 was replaced. Another sling required revision secondary to incomplete bone anchor fixation. No patients had urethral erosion. All 5 patients with a sling currently in place were fully continent on intermittent catheterization every 3 hours and they reported excellent satisfaction with the procedure.CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective study suggests that the male urethral sling may be an outpatient option for neurogenic incontinence secondary to sphincteric incompetence. Long-term followup in our initial 6 patients shows encouraging durability. Continued study is required to determine strategies that might decrease the complication rate of this approach.
|
['Adolescent', 'Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polypropylenes', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Suburethral Slings', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Incontinence', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male', 'Young Adult']
| 19,692,039
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E04.030'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.590', 'D05.750.716.550', 'D25.720.716.550', 'J01.637.051.720.716.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E07.695.752'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['C12.777.934.852', 'C13.351.968.934.814', 'C23.888.942.343.800'], ['E04.950.774.860'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Placenta percreta and uterine rupture associated with prior whole body radiation therapy.
|
BACKGROUND: Injury to reproductive organs including the uterus is a known complication of ionizing radiation, but the risks to the mother and fetus during subsequent pregnancies are not well defined.CASE: A young woman with a remote history of whole body irradiation for childhood leukemia had uterine rupture at 17 weeks' gestation. Pathologic examination of the supracervical hysterectomy specimen revealed a posterior-fundal placenta percreta with a diffusely thinned myometrium (1-6 mm). The clinicopathologic findings were consistent with prior radiation injury.CONCLUSION: Uterine irradiation may predispose to abnormal placentation and uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Placenta Accreta', 'Pregnancy', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Uterine Rupture', 'Uterus', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 11,704,208
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.420.643', 'C13.703.590.609'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['C13.351.500.852.904', 'C13.703.420.904', 'C26.761.853'], ['A05.360.319.679'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Value of turbo-spin-echo sequences in cerebral magnetic resonance tomography in children].
|
AIM: The value of turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequences was compared with conventional spin-echo (SE) and inversion-recovery (IR) sequences for cerebral MRT in 70 children at 0.5 T and 1.5 T. In addition we evaluated whether proton weighted sequences (PD) were diagnostically important and in what proportion of cases.METHOD: Conventional T1 and T2 weighted SE and T2 weighted TSE sequences were used in all children. An IR sequence was performed in 39 patients. The various sequences were analysed semiquantitatively with regard to image quality, artifacts and the demonstration of normal and anatomical structures and pathological findings.RESULTS: By any criteria, TSE sequences were superior to conventional T2 weighted SE sequences at 0.5T and 1.5 T, requiring a shorter examination time (35-53%). In 8.6% the pathological finding was best seen on PD-SE sequences (5 glial scars, 1 tumor).CONCLUSION: Although TSE sequences are better than T2 SE sequences with regard to image quality and the demonstration of abnormalities, conventional double-echo SE sequences (with PD and T2 weighted images) cannot be entirely replaced by T2 weighted TSE sequences in children.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Brain', 'Brain Diseases', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 7,670,014
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glutamatergic chloride currents associated to glutamate transport?
|
Especially in arthropod glutamatergic synaptic systems, microM l-glutamate (Glu) concentrations often elicit Cl- currents, in addition to the excitatory cationic currents that are triggered by much higher Glu concentrations. In crayfish, Ibotenate (Ibo) is a specific agonist of the Glu-ergic Cl- currents. Application of Glu to Glu-transporters opens associated Cl- currents that inhibit quantal release presynaptically and by occupying the transporter prevents removal of released Glu. The latter prolongs the decay of postsynaptic EPSCs. It was tested whether the Ibo-elicited Cl- currents show the same pre- and post-synaptic effects as the transporter elicited ones, suggesting that also this current component arises through transporter activation. Indeed, Ibo applied to single synaptic junctions produced inhibition of quantal release and prolongation of EPSCs, very similar to the effects of Glu. It seems probable, therefore, that at least in crayfish Glu-ergic Cl- currents are generated by activation of transporters. Since generally such transporters are located around Glu-ergic synapses, this is likely to be a general mechanism. The toxin Ivermectin also elicits Cl- currents. However, while Ivermectin inhibits release too, it does not prolong the decay of EPSCs and is probable to activate GABAergic channels.
|
['Amino Acid Transport System X-AG', 'Animals', 'Chloride Channel Agonists', 'Chloride Channels', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Ibotenic Acid', 'In Vitro Techniques']
| 15,755,521
|
[['D12.776.157.530.200.249.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.250', 'D12.776.543.585.200.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.250'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.562.311'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G04.580.887.249', 'G07.265.675.887.249', 'G07.265.880.750.199', 'G11.561.570.918.249', 'G11.561.830.750.199'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['D03.383.129.385.231', 'D23.946.587.475'], ['E05.481']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Drinking on the premises in Norway: young adults' use of public drinking places.
|
In this paper various aspects of young adults' use of premises licensed to sell alcoholic beverages are discussed. Data were obtained from national surveys of drinking habits in 1999 and 2004 (SIRUS), and the age group was 18 to 34 years. Bivariate methods showed a positive association between drinking in licensed premises and both alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication. Frequent users of licensed premises had more often had both positive experiences (felt more optimistic or popular) and negative experiences (arguments or fights and symptoms of hang-over) related to their drinking. Results from a log-linear regression analysis showed that although some demographic groups tended to be intoxicated more often (men, younger people, single people and people without higher education), frequency of drinking in licensed premises had a strong positive effect on frequency of intoxication.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Alcoholic Intoxication', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Licensure', 'Male', 'Norway', 'Public Facilities', 'Regression Analysis', 'Social Responsibility']
| 17,490,826
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['C25.775.100.175', 'F03.900.100.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.110.510', 'N05.700.200.450'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['J03.720'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['F01.829.500.760', 'K01.752.566.869']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Tailoring of temperature- and pH-responsive cotton fabric with antimicrobial activity: Effect of the concentration of a bio-barrier-forming agent.
|
A stimuli-responsive cotton fabric was designed using temperature and pH-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (poly-NiPAAm) and chitosan (PNCS) microgel as a carrier of antimicrobially active 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si-QAC), which forms a bio-barrier on the fibre surface. The influence of Si-QAC on the moisture management and thermoregulation abilities of the PNCS microgel was investigated. Using a pad-dry cure method, Si-QAC was applied to a 100% cotton fabric model in concentrations ranging from 0.05-4% to determine the antimicrobial activity of Si-QAC against two types of bacteria, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Based on these results, three different concentrations of Si-QAC were selected (0.5, 2 and 4%) and tested with in situ embedment of the agent into PNCS microgel particles for further functionalization of the cotton fabric. The functional properties of the studied samples were assessed by measuring the moisture content, water vapour transmission rate, water uptake and antibacterial activity, and FT-IR and SEM were used to study the chemical and morphological properties of the fibres. The results show that regardless of the concentration, the presence of Si-QAC caused a reduction in the change in the volume of the PNCS microgel particles under conditions that would normally cause swelling. Accordingly, the moisture management and thermoregulation properties of the PNCS microgel were best preserved when the lowest Si-QAC concentration (0.5%) was used. Despite the low concentration, at the conditions required, enough Si-QAC was released from the microgel particles onto the surface of the fibres to form a bio-barrier with excellent antimicrobial activity.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Chitosan', 'Drug Carriers', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gossypium', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Organosilicon Compounds', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Temperature', 'Textiles']
| 28,821,119
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.244'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.756'], ['D01.625.062.500', 'D02.092.877', 'D02.675.276'], ['E05.196.712.726.676.700', 'E05.196.867.826.676.700'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['J01.637.836']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Isolation of mycoplasma membranes by digitonin.
|
The cell membrane of Mycoplasma hominis was isolated by lysing the cells with digitonin. Electron microscopy and chemical, density gradient, and electrophoretic analyses of the membrane proteins showed the membranes so obtained, like those isolated by osmotic lysis, to be relatively free of cytoplasmic contaminants. Sensitivity to digitonin lysis depended on temperature but was not affected by Mg(2+) ions and was only slightly affected by the age of the culture. Accordingly, it seems that digitonin may be used for the isolation of cell membranes from sterol-requiring mycoplasmas that tend to be fairly resistant to osmotic lysis.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Bacteriolysis', 'Cell Fractionation', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cholesterol', 'Culture Media', 'Densitometry', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Electrophoresis, Disc', 'Magnesium', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Mycoplasma', 'Oleic Acids', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Phosphotungstic Acid', 'Saponins', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Sterols', 'Temperature', 'Tritium']
| 4,112,256
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['G06.099.115'], ['E05.242.251'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.196.712.224'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['E05.196.401.402.236', 'E05.301.300.319.403'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.553'], ['D10.251.355.325.600'], ['G02.640'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.750', 'D01.695.625.675.750', 'D01.940.700'], ['D09.408.782'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D04.210.500.247.808', 'D10.570.938'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Differences in the action of typical and atypical tranquilizers on the structure and function of mitochondria during emotional-painful stress].
|
Experiments were made to study the effect of a typical (chlorodiasepoxide) and an atypical (lithonite) tranquilizers on the structure and function of mitochondria in emotional-painful stress. It was demonstrated that emotional-painful stress gives rise to the disturbance of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes responsible for tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. This is accompanied by an increase in the relative volume of the mitochondria, their swelling, diminution in the number of crysts and by their fragmentation. As shown by the data of fluorescent studies, the intermolecular relations of the mitochondrial membranes get disturbed, which is likely to be a reason for a change in the activity of mitochondrial enzymes. Lithonite made the activity of the enzymes and the structure of the mitochondria return to normal and stabilized membrane permeability. Chlorodiasepoxide did not exert any such action on the majority of indicators under study.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Chlordiazepoxide', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mitochondria', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Tranquilizing Agents']
| 6,540,123
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.150'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['D03.066.515', 'D03.383.725.547'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['D27.505.696.277.950', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Why Should We Abolish Daylight Saving Time?
|
Local and national governments around the world are currently considering the elimination of the annual switch to and from Daylight Saving Time (DST). As an international organization of scientists dedicated to studying circadian and other biological rhythms, the Society for Research on Biological Rhythms (SRBR) engaged experts in the field to write a Position Paper on the consequences of choosing to live on DST or Standard Time (ST). The authors take the position that, based on comparisons of large populations living in DST or ST or on western versus eastern edges of time zones, the advantages of permanent ST outweigh switching to DST annually or permanently. Four peer reviewers provided expert critiques of the initial submission, and the SRBR Executive Board approved the revised manuscript as a Position Paper to help educate the public in their evaluation of current legislative actions to end DST.
|
['Circadian Rhythm', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Photoperiod', 'Seasons', 'Solar System', 'Time Factors']
| 31,170,882
|
[['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['G01.910.675'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['G01.060.075.730'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation of iNOS expression in glial cells: predominant role of JNK1 isoform.
|
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a central role in mediating the activation and transcriptional responses of diverse cells, including glia. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the MAPK family, is activated by a variety of stress and proinflammatory signals and in turn phosphorylates its downstream substrates including nuclear factors, leading to transcriptional activation of target genes. There are at least three subtypes of JNK (i.e., JNKs 1-3) that may play isoform-specific roles. This study examined the role of JNK isoforms in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in astrocytes in response to lipopolysachharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma. While an inhibitor of the JNK pathway (SP600125) inhibited iNOS expression, ectopic expression of a constitutively active form of MEKK1 (MAPK/ERK kinase kinase- 1), an upstream activator of JNK, led to an induction of co-transfected iNOS promoter activity and, in the presence of LPS, to an enhanced expression of iNOS. RNA knockdown studies with JNK subtype-specific short-interfering RNA (siRNA), indicated that JNK1- but not JNK2- nor JNK3-specific siRNA, interfered with LPS/IFNgamma induction of iNOS. It is concluded that, of the three JNK forms, JNK1 is the major mediator of iNOS induction and perhaps, inflammatory signaling in general, in glial cells.
|
['Animals', 'Anthracenes', 'Astrocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Isoenzymes', 'JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 16,771,680
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117', 'D04.615.117'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374', 'D12.644.360.450.340', 'D12.776.476.450.340'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.374.500', 'D12.644.360.450.340.500', 'D12.776.476.450.340.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery associated with complex congenital heart disease.
|
The rare coexistence of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery with other cardiac malformations prompts us to report an unusual case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery associated with complete atrioventricular canal, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of the aorta. It is important to recognize the presence of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery in complex congenital heart disease since the coronary artery anomaly will increase the morbidity of the associated congenital cardiac malformation. Conversely, correction of the associated congenital cardiac defect may decrease the pulmonary artery pressure resulting in reduced left coronary artery flow, myocardial ischemia, and death.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Vessel Anomalies', 'Female', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pulmonary Artery']
| 7,060,119
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.240.400.210', 'C14.280.400.210', 'C16.131.240.400.210'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A07.015.114.715']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Optimization of kinetic energy harvesters design for fully implantable Cochlear Implants.
|
Fully implantable Cochlear Implants (CIs) would represent a tremendous advancement in terms of quality of life, comfort and cosmetics, for patients with profound sensorineural deafness. One of the main challenges involved in the development of such implants consists of finding a power supply means which does not require recharging. To this aim an inertial Energy Harvester (EH), exploiting the kinetic energy produced by vertical movements of the head during walking, has been investigated. Compared to existing devices, the EH needs to exploit very low frequency vibrations (<2.5 Hz) with small amplitude (<9 m/s(2)). In order to maximize the power transduced, an optimization method has been developed, which is the objective of this paper. The method consists in calculating the dynamical behavior of the EH using discrete transforms of experimentally measured acceleration profiles. It is shown that the quick integration of the second order dynamical equation allows the use of computationally intensive optimization techniques, such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs). The robustness of the solution is also evaluated.
|
['Algorithms', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Computer Simulation', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Kinetics', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Thermodynamics']
| 22,256,117
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E07.305.250.319.381.500.500', 'E07.695.150', 'E07.695.202.381.500.500', 'E07.814.458.150'], ['L01.224.160'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Acute myocardial infarction as the first manifestation of Takayasu arteritis: A case report.
|
RATIONALE: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the aorta and its major branches. Initial diagnosis is usually difficult due to the highly variable symptoms. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a very rare presentation in patients with TA. Moreover, the choice of early management for these patients is not well established.PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-year-old woman was taken to the Emergency Department of our hospital, presenting with a sudden onset and persistent retrosternal chest pain radiating to both upper extremities for 2 hours. Blood pressures were different between 2 arms with 151/115 mm Hg on the right arm and 140/100 mm Hg on the left arm.DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with TA according to the medical history, physical examination, and vascular imaging.INTERVENTIONS: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) was performed to restore the coronary flow of left anterior descending. Meanwhile, combination of oral glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents was administered to halt disease progression of TA.OUTCOMES: Chest pain was relieved without rest and exertional angina. The patient achieved long-term remission without symptom relapse during our follow-up.LESSONS: Percutaneous coronary intervention was essential and effective in AMI of TA. Timely immunosuppressive therapy could improve the long-term outcome.
|
['Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Takayasu Arteritis']
| 30,985,685
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['C14.907.109.239.650', 'C14.907.940.090.800', 'C17.800.862.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Copper(II) complexes of terminally free alloferon mutants containing two histidyl binding sites inside peptide chain structure and stability.
|
Mononuclear and polynuclear copper(II) complexes of alloferon 1 with point mutations, H1A/H12A H2N-A(1)GVSGH(6)GQH(9)GVA(12)G-COOH, H1A/H9A H2N-A(1)GVSGH(6)GQA(9)GVH(12)G-COOH, and H1A/H6A H2N-A(1)GVSGA(6)GQH(9)GVH(12)G-COOH, have been studied by potentiometric, UV-visible, CD, and EPR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) methods. Complete complex speciation at different metal-to-ligand molar ratios ranging from 1 : 1 to 3 : 1 was obtained. Over a wide 6-8 pH range, including physiological pH 7.4, and a 1 : 1 metal-to-ligand molar ratio, the peptides studied formed a CuH-1L complex with the 4N{NH2,N(-),2NIm} coordination mode. The presence of the 4N binding site for the CuH-1L complexes prevented the deprotonation and coordination of the second amide nitrogen atom to copper(II) ions (pK-1/-2 7.83-8.07) compared to that of pentaGly (6.81). The amine nitrogen donor and two imidazole nitrogen atoms (H(6)H(9), H(6)H(12) and H(9)H(12)) can be considered to be independent metal-binding sites in the species formed. As a consequence, di- and trinuclear complexes for the metal-to-ligand 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 molar ratios dominate in the solution, respectively. For the Cu(II)-H1A/H9A and Cu(II)-H1A/H12A systems, the Cu3H-9L complexes are likely formed by the coordination of amide nitrogen atoms towards C-termini with ring sizes (7,5,5).
|
['Binding Sites', 'Coordination Complexes', 'Copper', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Peptides', 'Point Mutation', 'Potentiometry', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 26,565,558
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.234', 'D02.257'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.644'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.196.922.750', 'E05.301.710'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Use of Framingham risk score and new biomarkers to predict cardiovascular mortality in older people: population based observational cohort study.
|
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the performance of classic risk factors, and of some new biomarkers, in predicting cardiovascular mortality in very old people from the general population with no history of cardiovascular disease.DESIGN: The Leiden 85-plus Study (1997-2004) is an observational prospective cohort study with 5 years of follow-up.SETTING: General population of the city of Leiden, the Netherlands.PARTICIPANTS: Population based sample of participants aged 85 years (215 women and 87 men) with no history of cardiovascular disease; no other exclusion criteria. Main measurements Cause specific mortality was registered during follow-up. All classic risk factors included in the Framingham risk score (sex, systolic blood pressure, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking and electrocardiogram based left ventricular hypertrophy), as well as plasma concentrations of the new biomarkers homocysteine, folic acid, C reactive protein, and interleukin 6, were assessed at baseline.RESULTS: During follow-up, 108 of the 302 participants died; 32% (35/108) of deaths were from cardiovascular causes. Classic risk factors did not predict cardiovascular mortality when used in the Framingham risk score (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.63) or in a newly calibrated model (0.53, 0.43 to 0.64). Of the new biomarkers studied, homocysteine had most predictive power (0.65, 0.55 to 0.75). Entering any additional risk factor or combination of factors into the homocysteine prediction model did not increase its discriminative power.CONCLUSIONS: In very old people from the general population with no history of cardiovascular disease, concentrations of homocysteine alone can accurately identify those at high risk of cardiovascular mortality, whereas classic risk factors included in the Framingham risk score do not. These preliminary findings warrant validation in a separate cohort.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 19,131,384
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.101'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Biochemistry and genetics of esterase-20 (ES-20), a second trimeric carboxylesterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus). I. Purification and characterization of ES-20C1 from male kidney.
|
ES-20 was isolated from male mouse kidney and purified 350-fold by ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and gel filtration. The resultant product was apparently homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion and represented a major fraction of male mouse kidney esterase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single subunit band, molecular weight 59,500; the molecular weight of the native protein was found to be 179,000. Titration of the active site yielded an equivalent weight of about 175,000. The enzyme was further characterized by its kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a series of 4-nitrophenyl esters and was classified as a carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1). ES-20C1 bound to concanavalin A, indicating that it was a high-mannose-type glycoprotein; the role of terminal beta-N-acetylglucosamine residues in the carbohydrate side chains for stabilization of the quaternary structure of the trimer was revealed. Extensive biochemical and immunological similarities to ES-9C supported an earlier suggestion that the Es-9c gene product is a component of the ES-20C1 trimer.
|
['Animals', 'Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kidney', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Molecular Weight']
| 4,084,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.100'], ['G02.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['G02.494']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lung function and breathing regulation parameters during pregnancy.
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AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in lung function and breathing regulation parameters measured in women who did not suffer from any respiratory system disorders (in comparison with body mass index values obtained before pregnancy) in any particular trimester of pregnancy.METHODS: The study was carried out on 51 pregnant women aged 26.6 +/- 4.9 years and 40 healthy women (control group). Spirometry, flow-volume loop, respiratory resistance (RRS), and respiratory pattern were evaluated using computerized spirometer "Lungtest," Poland. The examinations were performed in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy.RESULTS: The statistically significant differences during pregnancy were stated in cases of tidal volume (VT) and minute ventilation (MV) (whereas breath frequency was nearly on the same level), inspiratory drive (VT/TI) and also occlusion pressure (P0.1), RRS, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). We observed a correlation between BMI at the baseline with P0.1, MV, and VT/TI.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that BMI at the baseline seems to predict the increase in MV, occlusion pressure, and inspiratory drive. The fact that RRS values increase during pregnancy and both forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1% forced vital capacity (FVC) values remain at the same level may reflect the effect of the autonomous nervous system on the respiratory tract.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Pregnancy', 'Respiration', 'Risk Factors', 'Spirometry']
| 15,616,844
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.386.700.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Global processing training to improve visuospatial memory deficits after right-brain stroke.
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Visuospatial stimuli are normally perceived from the global structure to local details. A right-brain stroke often disrupts this perceptual organization, resulting in piecemeal encoding and thus poor visuospatial memory. Using a randomized controlled design, the present study examined whether promoting the global-to-local encoding improves retrieval accuracy in right-brain-damaged stroke survivors with visuospatial memory deficits. Eleven participants received a single session of the Global Processing Training (global-to-local encoding) or the Rote Repetition Training (no encoding strategy) to learn the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure. The result demonstrated that the Global Processing Training significantly improved visuospatial memory deficits after a right-brain stroke. On the other hand, rote practice without a step-by-step guidance limited the degree of memory improvement. The treatment effect was observed both immediately after the training procedure and 24 h post-training. Overall, the present findings are consistent with the long-standing principle in cognitive rehabilitation that an effective treatment is based on specific training aimed at improving specific neurocognitive deficits. Importantly, visuospatial memory deficits after a right-brain stroke may improve with treatments that promote global processing at encoding.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory Disorders', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Space Perception', 'Stroke', 'Stroke Rehabilitation', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Visual Perception']
| 23,070,314
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.597.606.525', 'C23.888.592.604.529', 'F01.700.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['F02.463.593.778'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Vinorelbine plus Capecitabine (Vinocap): a retrospective analysis in heavily pretreated HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer patients.
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PURPOSE: Metastatic breast cancer is regarded as an incurable entity. In heavily pretreated patients with increasingly limited options for palliative management, ensuring proper quality of life continues is to be an elusive issue. With this in mind, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of the Vinorelbine/Capecitabine doublet (VINOCAP).PATIENTS AND METHODS: The investigators retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 67 women with HER2 negative MBC treated at a large breast cancer practice and a local cancer center with Vinorelbine 22.5 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 combined with Capecitabine 1 g PO BID for 14 consecutive days of 21 day cycles. Patients had been treated with an average of 4 prior lines of chemotherapy. Patient characteristics and outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS: A total of 67 patients received VINOCAP, and an additional 2 underwent repeat exposure yielding a cohort of 69. Clinical benefit rate, defined as complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease ? 6 months (SD), was 55.07%. Complete response was seen in 4.34%, PR in 18.8% and SD ? 6 months in 31.9%. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 months and overall survival 35.47 months after VINOCAP exposure. The most common grade 3-4 toxicity was neutropenia in 10% of cases. Dose had to be reduced in 18% of cases due to toxicity of any type. The regimen was well tolerated, and serious side effects were uncommon.CONCLUSION: Vinorelbine/Capecitabine appears to be an active and well-tolerated regimen in women with MBC. In particular, encouraging was the efficacy of VINOCAP as fourth or greater line of chemotherapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Capecitabine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Quality of Life', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vinorelbine']
| 30,900,138
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.186.144', 'D27.505.954.248.144', 'D27.888.569.042.030'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500.425', 'D03.383.742.698.875.404.425', 'D13.570.230.329.313', 'D13.570.685.245.500.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.915', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.915', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy and risk for a small-for-gestational-age infant.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether periodontal disease is associated with delivery of a small-for-gestational-age infant.STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study of oral health, periodontal disease was categorized as health, mild, or moderate/severe on the basis of clinical criteria. Small for gestational age was defined as birth weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age. A risk ratio (95th percentile confidence interval) for a small-for-gestational-age infant among women with moderate or severe periodontal disease was calculated.RESULTS: Sixty-seven of 1017 women (6.6%) delivered a small-for-gestational-age infant, and 143 (14.3%) had moderate or severe periodontal disease. The small-for-gestational-age rate was higher among women with moderate or severe periodontal disease, compared with those with health or mild disease (13.8% versus 3.2% versus 6.5%, P < .001). Moderate or severe periodontal disease was associated with a small-for-gestational-age infant, a risk ratio of 2.3 (1.1 to 4.7), adjusted for age, smoking, drugs, marital and insurance status, and pre-eclampsia.CONCLUSION: Moderate or severe periodontal disease early in pregnancy is associated with delivery of a small-for-gestational-age infant. Understanding the mechanism of periodontal disease-associated adverse pregnancy outcomes could lead to interventions to improve fetal growth.
|
['Adult', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Periodontal Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 16,647,916
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.560'], ['C07.465.714'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sensitivity analysis for healthcare models fitted to data by statistical methods.
|
After fitting complex models to data using statistical methods, a sensitivity analysis can be carried out. This determines which parts of a model are causing the bulk of the uncertainty in the model predictions (model "output"), and is a decision-support tool for the modeller who contemplates refining a model further or collecting additional data. A simple methodology for carrying out a sensitivity analysis is described. It is envisaged that such a relatively quick insight-generating step would precede the use of a more formal decision-theoretic approach that would address specific questions. Its use is illustrated using a model for breast cancer screening previously published in this journal. A simpler 3-parameter screening model is used in a simulation study of the error of the method as a function of sample size.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Decision Theory', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Health Policy', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Mass Screening', 'Models, Statistical', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom']
| 12,437,275
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['G17.162'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['I01.655.500.608.400', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400', 'N03.623.500.608.428'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Aberrant muscle syndrome: hypertrophy of the hand and arm due to aberrant muscles with or without hypertrophy of the muscles.
|
Five patients were reported in our congenital anomaly registry who had six hands in total with muscular hyperplasia, aberrant muscles, ulnar drift of the fingers in the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints, flexion contractures of the MP joints, and enlargement of the metacarpal spaces. Thirty patients with unilateral involvement of this condition have been reported previously. We reviewed these cases and found that the condition varied in severity and that it was reported using different names. However, this condition seems different from true macrodactyly and multiple camptodactyly, including windblown hand, and seems to be an isolated entity of congenital upper limb anomaly. The authors recommend 'aberrant muscle syndrome' or 'accessory muscle syndrome' as a diagnostic name, because this seems to be the most common pathological finding in this condition.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Hand Deformities, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Hypertrophy', 'Male', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Syndrome', 'Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital']
| 20,214,671
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['C05.390.408', 'C05.660.585.988.425', 'C16.131.621.585.988.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.300.775'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C05.660.585.988', 'C16.131.621.585.988']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Concepts of behaviorally oriented assertiveness training, problems of differentiating between assertive and aggressive behavior].
|
This article demonstrates the failing of hitherto attempts to differentiate between assertive and aggressive behavior and points out the necessity to develop more appropriate models for the treatment of interpersonal communication problems.
|
['Aggression', 'Assertiveness', 'Behavior Therapy', 'Communication', 'Humans', 'Social Adjustment']
| 7,415,372
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F01.752.049'], ['F04.754.137'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.813.621']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Foetus in foetu--a case report.
|
A three-month old baby presented to the Paediatric Department with a problem of abdominal distension. Clinically, he had a large right abdominal mass which on investigations suggested a teratomatous lesion. At operation, a foetus-like tumour mass was located in the retroperitoneal space. A diagnosis of foetus in foetu was made. A close differential of a retroperitoneal teratoma is discussed and comparison with confirmed cases made.
|
['Abdominal Neoplasms', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Retroperitoneal Neoplasms', 'Teratoma', 'Twins']
| 2,617,306
|
[['C04.588.033'], ['E01.171'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['C04.588.033.731'], ['C04.557.465.910'], ['M01.438.873']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Spatial performance of unilateral vestibular defective patients in nonvisual versus visual navigation.
|
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of unilateral vestibular neurotomy on humans ability to perform navigation tasks. These tasks provided self-motion feedback by way of either locomotor activity only (nonvisual navigation or "locomotor task") or visual motion cues only (visually simulated navigation or "visual task"). After exploration of an environment in which 4 locations were marked by different objects, subjects attempted to navigate to those locations either by reproducing the same paths as those followed during exploration, by reversing routes, or by making spatial inferences (shortcuts). Vestibular defective patients were tested one day before surgical treatment and during the recovery time course following unilateral vestibular nerve lesion (1 week, 1 month, and 3 month later). Their performance was assessed by measuring turn error and distance error in both navigation tasks and was compared to that of control subjects tested 4 times at similar time intervals. Turn error in the reproduction of previously explored routes in the locomotor task was lower in patients before surgery than in controls, suggesting the existence of compensatory processes. In the acute stage (1 week) after unilateral vestibular lesion, turn error was greater in patients than in controls for the highest level of mental representation (spatial inferences or reversing routes); impairment at making accurate rotations had disappeared by 1 month after vestibular lesion in both navigation tasks. These results point to the role of vestibular cues, in interaction with other sensory modalities, in the elaboration of an accurate internal representation of the environment. In addition, they suggest that unilateral suppression of vestibular information would induce transitory spatial memory disorganization at a high level of information processing.
|
['Distance Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinesthesis', 'Locomotion', 'Male', 'Meniere Disease', 'Middle Aged', 'Orientation', 'Proprioception', 'Social Environment', 'Visual Perception']
| 10,334,015
|
[['F02.463.593.200.390', 'F02.463.593.778.255.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.830.816.541.504', 'G11.561.790.541.587'], ['G07.568.500', 'G11.427.410.568'], ['C09.218.568.217.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['I01.880.853.500'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Breast lesions: imaging with contrast-enhanced subharmonic US--initial experience.
|
PURPOSE: To prospectively compare accuracy of gray-scale subharmonic imaging (SHI) with that of standard gray-scale ultrasonography (US), power Doppler US (with and without contrast material), and mammography for the diagnosis of breast cancer, with histopathologic or clinical follow-up results as the reference standard.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This HIPAA-compliant pilot study had institutional review board approval; all subjects gave written informed consent. Fourteen women (age range, 37-66 years) had 16 biopsy-proved breast lesions. In SHI, pulses are transmitted at one frequency, but only echoes at half that frequency (the subharmonic) are received. A US scanner was modified to perform gray-scale SHI (transmitting at 4.4 and receiving at 2.2 MHz). Precontrast imaging (gray-scale US and power Doppler) was followed by contrast material-enhanced power Doppler and gray-scale SHI. A reader blinded to mammographic and pathologic findings assessed diagnosis on a six-point scale. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed for mammography, gray-scale and power Doppler imaging (pre- and postcontrast), and SHI.RESULTS: Of the 16 lesions, four (25%) were malignant. Mammography had 100% sensitivity and 20% specificity. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 50% and 92% for precontrast imaging and 75% and 75% for contrast-enhanced power Doppler. SHI had 75% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Specificity was higher for all US modes than for mammography (P<.04). There were no significant differences in specificity among US modes or in sensitivity (P>or=.50). Area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of breast cancer was 0.64 for standard gray-scale US and power Doppler US, 0.67 for contrast-enhanced power Doppler US, 0.76 for mammography, and 0.78 for SHI (P>.20). Contrast enhancement was better with SHI than with power Doppler (100% vs 44% of lesions with good or excellent enhancement; P=.004).CONCLUSION: SHI appears to improve the diagnosis of breast cancer relative to conventional US and mammography, albeit on the basis of results in a very limited number of subjects.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Albumins', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Contrast Media', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'Ultrasonography, Mammary']
| 17,690,324
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.034'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E01.171'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.350.850.850'], ['E01.370.350.850.860', 'E01.370.378.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional linkage of the cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channel to the actin cytoskeleton.
|
The role of the cytoskeleton in the rundown and reactivation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels) was examined by perturbing selectively the intracellular surface of inside-out membrane patches excised from guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Actin filament-depolymerizing agents (cytochalasins and desoxyribonuclease I) accelerated channel rundown, while actin filament stabilizer (phalloidin) or phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2; inhibitor of F-actin-severing proteins) inhibited spontaneous and/or Ca2+-induced rundown. When rundown was induced by cytochalasin D or by long exposure to high Ca2+, channel activity could not be restored by exposure to MgATP, but application of F-actin with MgATP could reinstitute channel activity. The processes of rundown and reactivation of cardiac KATP channels may thus be influenced by the assembly and disassembly of the actin cytoskeletal network, which provides a novel regulatory mechanism of this channel.
|
['Actins', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Colchicine', 'Cytochalasin D', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Myocardium', 'Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate', 'Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates', 'Potassium Channels', 'Ventricular Function']
| 8,596,692
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.225'], ['D03.633.100.473.231.450', 'D23.946.587.370.450'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.560'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625.900'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942.625'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['G09.330.955']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survival of the very-low-birth-weight infants after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in neonatal intensive care unit.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether advances in neonatal care in the last decade have altered the outcome of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of all VLBW infants (n=283, body weight (BW)=1066+/-281 g, gestational age (GA)=28.3+/-2.9 weeks) admitted to the NICU between 1999 and 2002 were reviewed.RESULTS: In all, 29 (10.25%) infants received CPR in the NICU. Only one of these infants survived. After adjusting for GA, the clinical variables significantly associated with the need for CPR in the NICU were (adjusted odds ratio; 95% CI): pulmonary hemorrhage (7.89; 3.06 to 20.28), pulmonary air leak syndrome (23.90; 7.58 to 75.4), and delivery by Cesarian section (0.26; 0.1 to 0.66). The results were similar when the data were reanalyzed matching the 28 infants in the CPR group with 28 infants of identical GA in the non-CPR group.CONCLUSIONS: Survival rate for the infants who require CPR in the NICU remains extremely poor. This poor outcome needs to be discussed with parents and the option of the "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order may be appropriate for these infants, especially for those infants with multiple organ failure unresponsive to therapy.
|
['Birth Weight', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Louisiana', 'Survival Analysis', 'Therapeutics']
| 15,042,108
|
[['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['E02.365.647.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.600'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.480'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E02']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Surface properties of inclusion complexes between alpha-cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene oxide).
|
The surface properties of the supramolecular inclusion complex (IC) obtained from the threading of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) onto poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) free in solution are studied. The complexes were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The variation of the interfacial tension, gamma(int), with inclusion complex (IC) concentration and temperature were determined. The results were compared with those found for PEO under the same conditions. alpha-CD does not present surface activity. To quantify the adsorption process of IC and PEO in aqueous medium, the Gibbs equation was used. The driving force for adsorption of IC at the air/aqueous interface seems to arise from an enthalpic contribution. The wettability of the alpha-CD, PEO, and IC films with two liquids was determined by static contact angle measurements. The hydrophobicity degree was estimated. IC is more hydrophobic than PEO and alpha-CD.
|
['Macromolecular Substances', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Surface Properties', 'Surface Tension', 'Temperature', 'Thermodynamics', 'Water', 'alpha-Cyclodextrins']
| 16,780,856
|
[['D05'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G02.860'], ['G02.860.816'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.906'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D04.345.103.222', 'D09.301.915.400.375.222', 'D09.698.365.855.400.375.222']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Characterization of nonrapid virologic response patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who may relapse after standard therapy with peginterferon plus ribavirin.
|
Approximately 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin discontinue treatment early or experience a suboptimal response despite 48 weeks of therapy. The objective of this analysis was to develop a model to identify nonrapid virologic response (non-RVR) patients who may be candidates for intensified therapy that would increase treatment response. The retrospective analysis included non-RVR patients from four trials of 48-week peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin treatment. Patients were grouped into those who cleared virus between weeks 5 and 12 (complete early virologic responders, cEVR) or between weeks 13 and 24 (slow responders). A model was developed to predict relapse at the end of follow-up (week 72). An optimal model was evaluated and compared with current practice by using receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity and specificity. In total, 539 non-RVR patients were eligible for analysis of which 72% experienced cEVR and 28% were slow responders. Variables associated with relapse included age, ethnicity, baseline HCV RNA and interval of time to HCV RNA undetectable. The optimal model was most accurate at predicting patients at risk for relapse. The practice of considering treatment intensification (e.g. extending treatment duration) in all slow responders was less accurate but likely most practical. A week 4 HCV <2-log reduction was the earliest but least accurate marker. We developed a model that could identify non-RVR patients at high risk for relapse after 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin and who may benefit from intensified therapy to reduce this risk of relapse.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Prognosis', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Ribavirin', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Viral Load']
| 22,239,499
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.828'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D13.570.800.790'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Repair of furcal perforation treated with mineral trioxide aggregate in a primary molar tooth: 20-month follow-up.
|
Furcal perforations may occur during access opening of the pulp chamber or cavity preparation. The perforation can cause an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament. Management of these iatrogenic accidents can pose a significant clinical challenge, mainly when they occur in primary teeth. Current developments in the techniques and materials utilized for root perforation repair have enhanced this procedure's prognosis. Recently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used for several dental purposes. This biocompatible material promotes bone healing and elimination of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this case report was to describe the treatment of a furcal perforation using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in a primary molar tooth. After 20 months, the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiolucent image had disappeared and bone formation at the furcation area had been observed, suggesting healing of the underlying periodontal tissues. Therefore, MTA may be considered an alternative option for the repair of furcal perforation in primary teeth, prolonging the longevity of these dental elements.
|
['Aluminum Compounds', 'Calcium Compounds', 'Child', 'Dental Pulp Cavity', 'Drug Combinations', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Iatrogenic Disease', 'Male', 'Molar', 'Oxides', 'Periapical Diseases', 'Pulpotomy', 'Retreatment', 'Root Canal Filling Materials', 'Silicates', 'Tooth Root', 'Tooth, Deciduous', 'Wound Healing']
| 18,647,517
|
[['D01.056'], ['D01.146'], ['M01.060.406'], ['A14.549.167.900.265'], ['D26.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D25.339.291.402', 'J01.637.051.339.291.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.875'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['D01.248.497.158.685', 'D01.650.550'], ['C07.320.830', 'C07.465.714.306'], ['E06.397.695'], ['E02.887'], ['D25.339.859', 'J01.637.051.339.859'], ['D01.578.725', 'D01.837.725.700.760'], ['A14.549.167.900.750'], ['A14.549.167.860.700'], ['G16.762.891']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DAB389IL2 diphtheria fusion toxin produces clinical responses in tumor stage cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
|
Four patients with late stage cutaneous T cell lymphoma (IB-IVA) who had failed at least two previous therapies were treated with DAB389IL2 at 9 or 18 microg/kg as 15-min intravenous infusions daily for 5 days every 3 weeks for eight cycles. Mild vascular leak syndrome (VLS) with transient edema, hypoalbuminemia, weight gain, and myalgias was observed in two of the patients lasting 7-10 days and only occurring on the first cycle. One stage IB patient had a pathologic complete remission (CR) lasting 11+ months from treatment initiation, one stage IIB patient had a complete clinical remission (CCR) lasting >6 months with complete clearing of a large tumor lasting >18 months, and one stage IIB and the one stage IVA patient had partial remissions (80-99% reduction in tumor masses) lasting 5 months. While IL2 receptor (IL2R) was expressed on 20-50% of tumor cells prior to therapy, recurrent tumor was IL2R negative in three of the patients. DAB389IL2 at tolerable doses decreased tumor burden in each of these four standard treatment refractory CTCL patients and may offer an important alternative to standard palliative chemotherapy regimens.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Adult', 'Diphtheria Toxin', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,590,158
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.220', 'D23.946.123.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['C04.557.386.480.750', 'C15.604.515.569.480.750', 'C20.683.515.761.480.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evidence-based veterinary medicine: a clear and present challenge.
|
If evidence-based veterinary medicine is to become a reality, the veterinary profession must be both prepared and in a position to undertake the necessary research, says Lance Lanyon.
|
['Animals', 'Biomedical Research', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Humans', 'United Kingdom', 'Veterinary Medicine']
| 24,526,538
|
[['B01.050'], ['H01.770.644.145'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['H02.956']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Edentulousness in patients attending a university dental clinic.
|
The purpose of this study was to establish base-line data on the prevalence of edentulism in adult patients seeking care at the College of Dentistry, in the City of Saskatoon. Out of a total of 548 patients, 75 (13.7 per cent) were totally edentulous. However, there were no individuals edentulous only in the mandible. Contrary to most previous surveys, the prevalence of edentulism was higher in the males than in the females in all age groups except in the 50-59 age group. The results from this study may facilitate the evaluation of future trends in edentulism, and prosthodontic treatment needs at the same locale.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Dental Clinics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth, Edentulous', 'Saskatchewan', 'Schools, Dental', 'Sex Factors']
| 2,645,031
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N02.278.192.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.500.480', 'C07.320.550', 'C07.465.550.425', 'C07.793.597.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C07.465.550', 'C07.793.597'], ['Z01.107.567.176.858'], ['I02.783.495.481'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Chemical structure of nuclear proteins which are phosphorylated during meiotic maturation of starfish oocytes.
|
Oocytes of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, are arrested at the G2 phase of meiosis I and possess a prominent germinal vesicle in which maternal stores of nuclear proteins which are destined for use primarily by the early embryo are stored. Germinal vesicle breakdown and subsequent oocyte maturation is triggered by activation of the p34(cdc2)/cyclin B complex, which is present as the preform in the cytoplasm. The aim of the present study was to identify and biochemically characterize in vivo substrates of the kinase. Two nucleic acid binding nuclear proteins designated NAAP1 and NAAP2 were found, both of which contain 345 amino acid residues with pI 3. 6 and which serve as substrates. The only difference between the two proteins was in the primary amino acid sequence at position 51, which is Asn in NAAP1 but Thr in NAAP2. NAAPs are phosphorylated in vivo during oocyte maturation but not at the meiotic G(2) stage. NAAPs are phosphorylated in vitro by the cdc2 kinase on the same site as in vivo. Although there are other evolutionarily conserved consensus sequences for phosphorylation by mitotically active cdc2 kinase in NAAPs and NAAP-derived fragments containing the sequences were efficiently phosphorylated in vitro, these sites in the intact NAAPs were not phosphorylated either in vivo or in vitro. These results suggest that the tertiary structure of NAAPs affects the target specificity of the cdc2 kinase.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'CDC2 Protein Kinase', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'G2 Phase', 'Humans', 'Meiosis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oocytes', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphorylation', 'Sea Urchins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Starfish', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 10,828,953
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500.250', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.984.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067.249', 'D12.644.360.250.580.500', 'D12.776.167.200.067.249', 'D12.776.167.200.580.500', 'D12.776.476.250.067.249', 'D12.776.476.250.580.500', 'D12.776.744.360'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G04.144.500.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.144.220.220.687', 'G05.113.220.687'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.660'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['B01.050.500.408.578'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.050.500.408.765'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interpretation of polymorphic DNA patterns in the human alpha-amylase multigene family.
|
Previous molecular studies have clearly shown that the human amylase locus has a very complicated structure. Multiple salivary and pancreatic amylase genes are present on haplotypes with variable numbers of genes. To study the population heterogeneity, human genomic DNA from family members and random individuals was digested with a number of different restriction enzymes and hybridized with probes representing various parts of the human pancreatic amylase cDNA. The complex patterns obtained were, in most cases, compatible with predictions from the restriction enzyme maps of cloned human amylase genes. With some enzymes deviations from the predicted intensities of the bands associated with the pancreatic amylase gene AMY2A were observed. These findings can be explained by unequal homologous crossovers between AMY2A and AMY1A, resulting in haplotypes with one gene less or one gene more than the haplotypes described thus far. Moreover, a very complicated TaqI polymorphism was found that can be explained by homologous crossovers between different salivary amylase genes. Because some salivary amylase genes have an inverted orientation with respect to the others, these data provide evidence for the occurrence of intrachromosomal, homologous crossovers, as proposed by us previously (P. C. Groot et al., 1990, Genomics 8: 97-105).
|
['Blotting, Southern', 'Crossing Over, Genetic', 'DNA', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Genes', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'Multigene Family', 'Pedigree', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Pseudogenes', 'alpha-Amylases']
| 1,679,752
|
[['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['G05.728.615.200'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['G05.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.700'], ['D08.811.277.450.066.050']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Men Sustain Higher Dysregulation Levels Than Women Without Becoming Frail.
|
The aging process differs in important ways between the sexes, with women living longer but at higher risk for frailty (the male-female health-survival paradox). The underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood, but may relate to sex differences in physiological dysregulation patterns. Here, using biomarkers from two longitudinal cohort studies (InCHIANTI and BLSA) and one cross-sectional survey (NHANES), we assess sex differences in trajectories of dysregulation globally and for five physiological systems: oxygen transport, electrolytes, hematopoiesis, lipids, and liver/kidney function. We found higher dysregulation levels in men, both globally and in the oxygen transport and hematopoietic systems (p < .001 for all), though differences for other systems were mixed (electrolytes) or absent (lipids and liver/kidney). There was no clear evidence for sex differences in rates of change in dysregulation with age. Although risk of frailty and mortality increase with dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes. These findings imply that the greater susceptibility of women to frailty is not simply due to a tolerance for higher dysregulation; rather, it may actually be men that have a greater tolerance for dysregulation, creating a male-female dysregulation-frailty paradox. However, the precise physiological mechanisms underlying the sex differences appear to be diffuse and hard to pin down.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Frail Elderly', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mortality', 'Sex Characteristics']
| 28,977,345
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G07.345.124'], ['D23.101'], ['M01.060.116.100.540'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['G08.686.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Autoantibodies to gliadin-binding 90 kDa glycoprotein in coeliac disease.
|
Patients with untreated coeliac disease were found to have high concentrations of circulating antibodies to 90 kDa glycoprotein, a mannose rich protein found in skin and intestinal mucosa. In contrast, patients with active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis had antibody concentrations within the normal range. In coeliac disease the antibody concentrations fell significantly after gluten withdrawal. 90 kDa glycoprotein bound gliadin in a carbohydrate and calcium dependent manner. The results show that circulating antibodies directed against a gliadin-binding antigen are present in coeliac disease. 90 kDa glycoprotein may be a receptor for gliadin; in susceptible subjects ligand receptor interaction may result in cytotoxicity and antibody formation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Celiac Disease', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Gliadin', 'Glutens', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Plant Proteins', 'Rheumatic Diseases']
| 3,485,069
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.101.140'], ['D12.776.157'], ['C06.405.469.637.250', 'C18.452.603.250'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500.400', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500.400'], ['D12.776.765.433.500.500', 'D12.776.765.725.500.500'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.765'], ['C05.799', 'C17.300.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
De novo concurrent 5p deletion and distal 17q duplication identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
|
A de novo case of unbalanced 5p/17q translocation showing a concurrent 5p deletion and distal 17q duplication has initially eluded a definitive cytogenetic identification based on chromosome banding patterns and clinical features. But it is subsequently unequivocally identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique using various whole chromosome painting probes.
|
['Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Karyotyping', 'Male', 'Multigene Family', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 8,166,430
|
[['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.415.425', 'G05.360.162.520.300.415.425'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.280.290', 'G05.360.162.520.300.280.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Perioperative outcome after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: an analysis of 521 cases.
|
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) is gaining increased acceptance for the treatment of unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors. Understanding the morbidity and laboratory changes after RFA is important for operative indications and perioperative management.METHODS: The authors prospectively analyzed the 30-day morbidity and mortality rates of patients undergoing laparoscopic RFA for liver tumors in a 10-year period. Laboratory studies included a complete blood count, electrolytes, liver function tests, prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (INR), and tumor markers obtained preoperatively, on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 7, then at 3 months.RESULTS: A total of 521 RFA procedures were performed for 428 patients (286 men and 142 women) with a mean age of 61 years (range, 25-89 years). A total of 346 patients underwent a single operation, and 82 patients had two or more operations. The pathology was metastatic colon cancer for 244 patients (47%), hepatocellular cancer for 109 patients (21%), metastatic neuroendocrine cancer for 74 patients (14%), and other noncolorectal, nonneuroendocrine liver metastasis for 94 patients (18%). A total of 1,636 lesions (mean, 3.1 per patient; range, 1-16) were ablated. The mean tumor size was 2.7 +/- 1.6 cm (range, 0.3-11.5 cm). All cases were managed laparoscopically. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.4% (n = 2), and the morbidity rate was 3.8 % (n = 20). The average length of hospital stay was 1 day for RFA-only cases and 2.1 days when another surgical procedure was combined with RFA. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased 14-fold, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased 10-fold, and bilirubin levels increased 2-fold on POD 1, with return to baseline in 3 months. Serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels showed a 25% increase on POD 7, with return to baseline in 3 months. There were no significant changes in platelet counts or prothrombin times postoperatively.CONCLUSIONS: This large series provides valuable insight into the perioperative period and allows the expected morbidity of the procedure to be understood. Despite significant patient comorbidities, this procedure was tolerated with low morbidity and mortality rates. Postoperative coagulopathy was not observed. A postoperative rise in liver function tests is expected, reflecting the liver injury response to RFA. This information can be used to expand the patient population that may benefit from laparoscopic RFA.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Biopsy, Needle', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laparoscopy', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Perioperative Care', 'Probability', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,287,917
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.119', 'E01.370.225.998.054.119', 'E01.370.388.100.100', 'E04.074.119', 'E04.665.100', 'E05.200.500.384.100.119', 'E05.200.998.054.119', 'E05.242.384.100.119'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.210.556'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E02.760.731', 'E04.604', 'N02.421.585.722'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
International EMS systems: France.
|
The EMS (Emergency Medical Service) system in France is a centrally based, two-tiered, physician-manned system. The first level is composed of BLS (Basic Life Support) fire department ambulances (called "VSAB") based at fire stations. The second level is composed of ALS (Advanced Life Support) physician staffed-ambulances. In France, there are two different levels of emergency department (ED). The first level is called "SAU" and has continuous coverage by surgeons, in Level 2 certain specialities may be available only on an "on-call" basis. Staffing patterns in the ED vary from one hospital to another. In general, EDs in university and major teaching hospitals are staffed by emergency physicians and residents from different specialties. In France medical schools are part of free public universities. The length of medical training varies from 8 to 11 years according to speciality. Emergency Medicine is not recognised as a stand alone specialty.
|
['Emergency Medical Services', 'France', 'International Cooperation', 'Workforce']
| 15,451,580
|
[['N02.421.297'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['I01.615.500'], ['N04.452.525']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Cutting stress off at the pass: reducing vigilance and responsiveness to social threat by manipulating attention.
|
Personality processes relating to social perception have been shown to play a significant role in the experience of stress. In 5 studies, the authors demonstrate that early stage attentional processes influence the perception of social threat and modify the human stress response. The authors first show that cortisol release in response to a stressful situation correlates with selective attention toward social threat. Second, the authors show in 2 laboratory studies that this attentional pattern, most evident among individuals with low self-esteem, can be modified with a repetitive training task. Next, in a field study, students trained to modify their attentional pattern to reduce vigilance for social threat showed lower self-reported stress related to their final exam. In a final field study with telemarketers, the attentional training task led to increased self-esteem, decreased cortisol and perceived stress responses, higher confidence, and greater work performance. Taken together, these results demonstrate the impact of antecedent-focused strategies on the late-stage consequences of social stress.
|
['Adult', 'Arousal', 'Attention', 'Brain', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Habituation, Psychophysiologic', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Internal-External Control', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Rejection, Psychology', 'Self Concept', 'Set, Psychology', 'Social Perception', 'Stress, Psychological']
| 17,892,337
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['F02.463.425.393', 'F02.830.422', 'G11.561.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.600', 'D06.472.040.585.353.476', 'D06.472.040.585.478.392'], ['F01.829.379'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F01.145.813.565'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F02.463.425.838'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Biodegradation of kraft-lignin by Bacillus sp. isolated from sludge of pulp and paper mill.
|
Eight bacterial strains were isolated on kraft lignin (KL) containing mineral salt medium (L-MSM) agar with glucose and peptone from the sludge of pulp and paper mill. Out of these, ITRC-S8 was selected for KL degradation, because of its fast growth at highest tested KL concentration and use of various lignin-related low molecular weight aromatic compounds (LMWACs) as sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium was identified by biochemical tests as Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed 95% base sequence homology and it was identified as Bacillus sp. In batch experiments, a decrease in pH was observed initially followed by an increase till it reached an alkaline pH, which did not alter the culture growth significantly. The bacterium reduced the colour and KL content of 500 mg l(-1 )KL in MSM, in the presence of glucose and peptone, at pH 7.6, temperature 30 degrees C, agitation of 120 rpm and 6 days of incubation by 65 and 37% respectively. Significant reduction in colour and KL content in subsequent incubations is indicative of a co-metabolism mechanism, possibly due to initial utilization of added co-substrates for energy followed by utilization of KL as a co-metabolic. The degradation of KL by bacterium was confirmed by GC-MS analysis indicating formation of several LMWACs such as t-cinnamic acid, 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde and ferulic acid as degradation products, which were not present in the control (uninoculated) sample. This favours the idea of biochemical modification of the KL polymer to a single monomer unit.
|
['Bacillus', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Industrial Waste', 'Lignin', 'Molecular Weight', 'Paper', 'Phylogeny', 'Sewage']
| 17,308,883
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218', 'B03.353.500.100.218', 'B03.510.100.100.218', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['G02.300'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['G02.494'], ['J01.637.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D20.944.932.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of marrow on the high frequency ultrasonic properties of cancellous bone.
|
A number of investigators have performed in vitro measurements of cancellous bone to determine how various ultrasonic parameters depend on bone density and trabecular orientation. To facilitate handling and storage of bone specimens, the marrow is often removed prior to ultrasonic measurements. However, the assumption that marrow does not affect ultrasonic measurements at high frequencies (>1 MHz) has not been tested. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of marrow on the ultrasonic properties of bovine cancellous bone at frequencies greater than 1 MHz. Twelve specimens of cancellous bone were obtained from the proximal end of four bovine tibia. Ultrasonic measurements consisting of normalized broadband ultrasonic attenuation (nBUA), speed of sound (SOS) and apparent integrated backscatter (AIB) were measured in each specimen using 2.25 MHz (centre frequency) broadband ultrasonic pulses. These measurements were performed before and after marrow removal either along the superoinferior (SI) or mediolateral (ML) direction. SOS and nBUA showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) for either direction of propagation after marrow removal. AIB showed no significant difference in the SI direction. For the ML direction, a small but statistically significant difference (p = 0.044) was observed after marrow removal.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Density', 'Bone Marrow', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cattle', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Tibia', 'Ultrasonics', 'Ultrasonography']
| 12,375,829
|
[['B01.050'], ['G11.427.100'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.822', 'G01.867'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['H01.671.031.849'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biliary catheter drainage complicated by hemobilia: treatment by balloon embolotherapy.
|
Seventeen patients experienced severe hemobilia following percutaneous (nine patients) or surgical (eight patients) placement of biliary drainage catheters. Fourteen patients bled early after catheter placement (0.5-32 weeks; mean, 5.4 weeks) and three bled late during long-term biliary drainage (1.1-3.6 years; mean, 2 years). Hepatic angiography demonstrated the source of bleeding in 15 (88%) patients (hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm in ten, hepatic artery-portal vein fistula in four, varix along the tube tract in one) but showed no source of bleeding in two. Thirteen patients with hemobilia were treated with embolotherapy, using detachable balloons in 12. The advantages of this technique included the ability to flow-direct the balloon without selective catheterization; the ability to test-inflate the balloon at the site of the aneurysm or fistula during angiographic study and adjust its position before detachment; and preservation of the hepatic artery proximal and distal to the inflated balloon, thus preserving hepatic function following embolization.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bile Ducts', 'Catheterization', 'Drainage', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemobilia', 'Hepatic Artery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Punctures', 'Radiography']
| 4,059,553
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.159.183'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.550.414.864'], ['A07.015.114.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.800', 'E04.665'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
N-myc down regulates neural cell adhesion molecule expression in rat neuroblastoma.
|
In human neuroblastoma, amplification of the N-myc oncogene is correlated with increased metastatic ability. We recently showed that transfection of the rat neuroblastoma cell line B104 with an N-myc expression vector resulted in an increase in metastatic ability and a significant reduction in the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens. We examined whether N-myc causes additional phenotypic changes in these cells. We showed that expression of N-myc leads to a dramatic reduction in the levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polypeptides and mRNAs. Spontaneous revertants of the high N-myc phenotype were found to have regained significant levels of NCAM expression, indicating that the continued expression of N-myc is required to maintain the low NCAM phenotype. NCAM was not reduced in B104 cells transfected with the neomycin resistance vector alone, and other neuronal markers were not specifically reduced in N-myc-transfected B104 cells. As NCAM functions in cell-cell adhesion, decreased NCAM expression could contribute significantly to the increased metastatic potential of N-myc-amplified neuroblastomas.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Molecular Weight', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Transfection']
| 2,183,016
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.250', 'D12.776.543.550.200.250', 'D23.050.301.350.250'], ['E05.393.220'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['G05.308'], ['G02.494'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.260.103.813', 'D12.776.624.664.700.189', 'D12.776.660.765', 'D12.776.930.125.813'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of hemorrhage and resuscitation on serum levels of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic factor.
|
To determine if atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) might have a role in blood volume regulation during hypovolemia, the serum level was measured before and after hemorrhage and resuscitation (RESUS) in a porcine shock model. Hemorrhage of 40% of the blood volume produced significant (p less than 0.01) decreases in mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and cardiac output and a significant increase in heart rate (HR), plasma renin activity, and catecholamines (p less than 0.01). Hemorrhage was also associated with a significant increase in ANF (p less than 0.05). All parameters except HR returned to baseline values with RESUS. The rise in ANF associated with moderate hemorrhage was unexpected, but may have been due to the profound tachycardia or decreased degradation during shock. Sodium excretion and urine flow increased significantly with RESUS without an associated increase in ANF, suggesting that ANF may not be involved in the early phase of postresuscitation diuresis.
|
['Animals', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Catecholamines', 'Diuresis', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Hemodynamics', 'Male', 'Natriuresis', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Renin', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic', 'Swine']
| 2,963,597
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.699.584.500', 'D12.644.548.585.500'], ['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['G08.852.179'], ['E02.319.360'], ['G09.330.380'], ['G08.852.179.557'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['C23.550.414.980', 'C23.550.835.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pelvic fractures at a new level 1 trauma centre: who dies from pelvic trauma? The Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital experience.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of pelvic trauma, causes of death and factors predicting death with pelvic fractures.METHODS: All pelvic fractures were retrospectively identified from a registry spanning from March 2007 to August 2009. Data was captured on a proforma. Data for survivors, non-survivors and a subgroup with pelvic injury as the underlying cause of death were compared.RESULTS: Pelvic fracture incidence was 16% of major trauma cases. Patient with pelvic fractures had 31% mortality and 9% pelvic fracture-induced mortality. Motor vehicle collisions were the commonest external cause of pelvic fractures (59%); however, the highest mortality was from falls >6 m. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 29 in survivors, 36 in non-survivors, and 54 in the pelvic death subgroup. Type C fracture was a predictor of mortality (P = 0.135). 53% of the cases required transfusion in the first 24 hours. The pelvic death subgroup received a mean of 10.7 units of blood, versus 4 units for survivors and 3.7 units for non-survivors (P = 0.259).CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of pelvic fracture and associated mortality were higher than previously reported. Fracture severity and falls from heights are associated with additional injuries (higher ISS) and mortality. More severe fractures cause deaths directly attributable to the pelvic injury. The requirement for major blood transfusions for pelvic fracture hemorrhage was related to mortality. Female patients appeared to fare worse than males.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Accidents, Traffic', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Retrospective Studies', 'South Africa', 'Trauma Centers', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 23,109,305
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.095.135'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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