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Micturition in the unanesthetized rat: spinal vs. peripheral pharmacology of the adrenergic system.
|
The pharmacology of the spinal and peripheral adrenergic receptor-subtypes controlling the micturition reflex was studied in a chronic unanesthetized rat model by continuous infusion of saline in the bladder and cystometrography after intrathecal (i.t.) and i.p. injections, respectively. Due to the absence of a catheter in the urethra, the bladder contraction-sphincter relaxation coupling could be assessed very precisely. For each agent tested in this study, dose-response curves were established. Norepinephrine (i.p.), methoxamine (i.p.) and ST-91 (i.p. and i.t.) produced an increase in frequency of bladder contraction. A decrease in frequency was observed after i.p. injection of isoproterenol (30 micrograms) and terbutaline (300 micrograms). Phentolamine, yohimbine, propranolol (i.p. and i.t.), isoproterenol (i.t.) and methoxamine (i.t.) had little or no effects on frequency of contraction at the highest doses examined. In addition, norepinephrine (i.p.), isoproterenol (i.p. and i.t.), ST-91 (i.p.), terbutaline (i.p.), phentolamine (i.p.) and yohimbine (i.p.) produced some relaxation of the bladder outlet. Methoxamine (i.p.) produced an increase in tone of the outlet. Propranolol (i.p. and i.t.), methoxamine (i.t.), ST-91 (i.t.), phentolamine (i.t.) and yohimbine (i.t.) had little or no effects on the tone of the bladder outlet at the highest doses examined. Those observations suggest that peripherally, catecholamines modulate the frequency of bladder contraction (increase through alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors; decrease through beta-2 receptors), and the tonic activity of the bladder outlet (increase in tone through alpha-1 receptors; relaxation through alpha-2 and beta-2 receptors). At the spinal level, noradrenergic systems appear to modulate the frequency of contraction and sphincter tone through alpha-2 receptors. Isoproterenol effects after i.t. injection are thought to be due to systemic distribution. However, absence of effects after i.t. injection of adrenergic antagonists suggests that spinal adrenergic systems might not be active during a normal volume-evoked micturition reflex, but might be activated in special circumstances, such as the voluntary act of retaining urine.
|
['Animals', 'Isoproterenol', 'Methoxamine', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Norepinephrine', 'Peripheral Nerves', 'Phentolamine', 'Propranolol', 'Rabbits', 'Spinal Cord', 'Terbutaline', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Urination', 'Yohimbine']
| 3,367,300
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['D02.033.100.624.536', 'D02.033.755.624.536', 'D02.092.063.624.536', 'D02.092.471.683.661'], ['G11.427.494'], ['G11.427.494.554'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A08.800.800'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D02.033.100.291.905', 'D02.092.063.291.905'], ['A05.810.890'], ['G08.852.880'], ['D03.132.436.681.933', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.933', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.933']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Preoperative serum angiopoietin-2 levels correlate with lymph node status in patients with early gastric cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis is the most important factor to consider when deciding on the modality of resection in patients with early gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between preoperative serum angiopoietin-2, a lymphangiogenic growth factor, and lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer.METHODS: A total of 62 preoperative serum samples from patients diagnosed with early gastric adenocarcinoma, and 30 serum samples from healthy donors were obtained. The serum levels of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) were quantified by immunoassay. Intra- and peritumor lymphatic vessel density (I-LVD and P-LVD) were counted after immunohistochemical staining. The relationship between the serum Ang-2 levels and other prognostic variables (tumor size, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, I-LDV, P-LDV, presence of lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis) were then examined by univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.RESULTS: The median serum levels of Ang-2 in patients were higher than those of healthy controls [311.1 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 256.7-311.1 ng/mL versus 286.5 ng/mL, IQR 226.9-286.5 ng/mL; Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.016]. Eight patients had metastatic lymph nodes; the Ang-2 levels from the patients with metastatic lymph nodes were higher than from those with negative lymph nodes (297.5 ng/mL, IQR 251.1-385.8 ng/mL versus 416.0 ng/mL, IQR 337.1-485.5 ng/mL; Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.019). Elevated serum Ang-2 levels were associated with positive lymph node involvement and this finding was significant on univariate (P = 0.008) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (P = 0.011).CONCLUSION: Serum Ang-2 levels were clinically useful markers for lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Angiopoietin-2', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Lymphatic Vessels', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Stomach Neoplasms']
| 19,408,052
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.644.276.100.100.200', 'D12.776.467.100.100.200', 'D23.529.100.100.200'], ['D23.101.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A15.382.520.301'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Central manipulation of dopamine receptors attenuates the orexigenic action of ghrelin.
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OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that ghrelin, a peptidic hormone stimulating food intake, interacts with the dopamine signaling. This interaction has been demonstrated to modulate several effects of ghrelin, such as locomotor activity, memory, and food intake. Ghrelin increases dopamine levels in the shell of the nucleus accumbens stimulating food intake, while ablation of the ghrelin receptor attenuates the hypophagia caused by the activation of dopamine receptor 2. However, it is not known whether the orexigenic action of ghrelin is due to changes in central dopamine receptors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used Sprague-Dawley rats injected with different dopamine receptor agonists, antagonists, and ghrelin.RESULTS: We demonstrate that the specific central blockade of dopamine receptor 1, 2, and 3 (D1, D2, and D3, respectively) reduces the orexigenic action of ghrelin. Similarly, specific central stimulation, either singly of dopamine receptor 1 or dopamine receptors 2 and 3 simultaneously, causes a significant decrease in ghrelin-induced food intake. Co-stimulation of all three receptors (D1, D2, and D3) also led to a marked attenuation in ghrelin-induced food intake. Importantly, the reduction in ghrelin-induced feeding was not caused by malaise or any type of behavioral alteration.CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data indicate that dopamine receptors play an important role in acute stimulation of feeding behavior induced by central injection of ghrelin.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Dopamine Agents', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Routes', 'Drug Interactions', 'Eating', 'Ghrelin', 'Injections, Intraventricular', 'Motor Activity', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Taste', 'Time Factors']
| 23,624,808
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.097', 'F02.463.785.373.173'], ['D27.505.519.625.150', 'D27.505.696.577.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.267'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D06.472.699.301', 'D12.644.548.322'], ['E02.319.267.530.550'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The cancer-screening dilemma.
|
Only in cancer of the uterine cervix and in cancer of the breast is there evidence of reduced mortality with early treatment. Screening also enables physicians to detect early cancer of the oral cavity or colon. With regard to cancers at other sites, many questions about screening's potential remain to be answered.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasms', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Vaginal Smears']
| 673,982
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.800', 'E01.370.225.998.054.800', 'E01.370.378.900', 'E04.074.800', 'E05.200.500.384.100.800', 'E05.200.998.054.800', 'E05.242.384.100.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The solution conformation of tubulin-beta(422-434)-NH2 and its Nac-DATADEQG-NH2 fragment based on NMR.
|
The solution conformation of tubulin-beta(422-434)-NH2 (YQQYQDATADEQG-NH2) and its Nac-DATADEQG-NH2 fragment has been studied by two-dimensional 1H-nmr spectroscopy in CD3OH/H2O (90/10 v/v) at neutral and low pH. The 13 amino acid peptide is a segment of the C-terminal region of tubulin, and is directly involved in the selective binding site with microtubule-associated proteins MAP-2 and the tau protein. Based on correlated spectroscopy, total correlation spectroscopy, and rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments, a complete assignment of all proton resonances was achieved, and the conformation of the backbone could be deduced from coupling constants, NH temperature coefficients, and nuclear Overhauser effects. The spectroscopic evidence indicates that the T8-Q12 section of both molecules forms one complete alpha-helical turn, stabilized by a NH (Q12)-C = O (T8) hydrogen bond. Furthermore, strong pH-dependent backfolding of the E11 side chain to its own NH proton was found. In addition, close proximity between the aromatic side chains of Y1, Y4, and the alpha-helical part, resulting in some substantial chemical shift changes when comparing the entire 13-mer with the octamer, could be explained in terms of a nonclassical kink in the DATA section. The conformational space is dominated by extended structures and the nonextended conformers are only a minor, yet spectroscopically clearly discernible entity. The presence of the alpha-helical region at the C-terminus of the 13-mer is important because binding studies of this peptide with MAP-2 indicate that the D10-E11-Q12-G13 fragment is critical for the binding interaction.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Protein Conformation', 'Solutions', 'Temperature', 'Tubulin']
| 1,863,694
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Behavioral effects of nimodipine in animals.
|
Neuro- and psychopharmacological effects of isopropyl-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (Bay e 9736, nimodipine) are described using a variety of methods measuring behavior under normal conditions, under the influence of psychotropic drugs, as well as under the influence of ischemia or hypoxia. It has been demonstrated that nimodipine -- although not being very potent when measured in mg/kg -- exerts neuro- and psychopharmacological effects characterized by influences on the extrapyramidal system, aggressive defensive behavior, and chemically induced seizures. Electroencephalographical changes become evident whenever the normal equilibrium between cerebral catecholamine and cerebral serotonin levels is disturbed. When measured under the contingencies of a one trial passive avoidance paradigm, nimodipine is able to prevent the occurrence of retrograde amnesia in rodents after amnesiogenic events such as maximal electroconvulsive seizure or hypoxia. The substance prevents behavioral and electroencephalographic disturbances, elicited by a total cerebral ischemia, which is lethal in non-treated cats. It is concluded that nimodipine besides being a cerebrally vasoactive agent has psychopharmacological properties with a profile of actions hitherto unknown.
|
['Aggression', 'Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Catalepsy', 'Cats', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Motor Activity', 'Nicotinic Acids', 'Nimodipine', 'Postural Balance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sleep']
| 7,201,803
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['F01.145.113'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['C10.597.350.200', 'C23.888.592.350.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['D03.066.515', 'D03.383.725.547'], ['D03.383.725.203.570', 'D03.383.725.547.570'], ['F02.830.816.541.752', 'G07.888.750.500', 'G11.427.690', 'G11.561.790.541.595'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Properties of D2 dopamine receptor autoradiography: high percentage of high-affinity agonist sites and increased nucleotide sensitivity in tissue sections.
|
[3H]Spiroperidol (spiperone) binding in the presence of mianserin, a serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonist, was characterized in rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. All binding parameters were directly determined from film densities. Competition and kinetic studies revealed that [3H]spiroperidol binds to a site having characteristics of the dopamine, D2, receptor in striatum. The general binding parameters were similar to values obtained in homogenate and swabbed section studies except as related to agonist binding and guanine nucleotide sensitivity. Competition studies with dopamine revealed biphasic competition curves with a Kh of 8.23 nM and a Kl of 12.3 microM. The percentage of high-affinity sites was 90%. Guanine nucleotides (1 microM guanylyl-imidodiphosphate) completely converted the high-affinity site to a low-affinity site. Quantitative regional distribution studies revealed high binding in striatum, olfactory tubercle and nucleus accumbens, with lower binding in other dopamine innervated regions including frontal and cingulate cortex. [3H]Spiroperidol was also found to bind to a spirodecanone site with an anatomical localization distinct from the dopamine and serotonin systems and in a region (entorhinal cortex) not previously reported. This report provides a detailed pharmacologic and regional characterization of [3H]spiroperidol binding to D2 receptor in rat brain using quantitative autoradiography to determine all binding parameters. This report also demonstrates an increased percentage of sites in the high-affinity state of the D2 receptor in tissue sections and increased affinity of the guanine regulatory protein for guanine nucleotides.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Brain', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine', 'Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mianserin', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Spiperone']
| 3,768,686
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D02.092.211.215.406', 'D02.092.311.342', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.342'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504.400', 'D13.695.667.454.504.400', 'D13.695.827.426.504.400'], ['E05.481'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.633.300.240.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['D02.455.426.779.800', 'D02.522.352.800', 'D04.711.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nanofibers mat-based solid-phase extraction method for the pretreatment of urine samples and its application in the primary study on the disposition of nonylphenol after long-term low-level exposure in rats.
|
A method was established for the analysis of nonylphenol (NP) in rat urine samples based on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure with an amino functionalized polyacrylonitrile nanofibers mat (NH2-PAN NFSM) as sorbent coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The calibration curves prepared in three different days showed good linearity over a wide range of NP concentrations from 0.1 to 100.0ng/mL. It was remarkable that the proposed NH2-PAN NFsM based SPE method showed superior extraction efficiency with the consumption of only 4mg of sorbent and 500ìL of eluent. The eluent without any further concentration was directly analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. As a result, a simple and effective sample preparation was achieved. In addition, the notable lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.03ng/mL revealed the excellent sensitivity of the proposed method in comparison with that in literatures. The recoveries ranged from 85.0% to 114.8% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 7.5% to 13.7%, which were better than or comparable to those from the published methods, suggesting high accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method was applied in primary study on the disposition of nonylphenol after long-term low-level exposure in rats, providing information for health risk assessment on the real scenarios of NP exposure. NH2-PAN NFsM shows great potential as a novel SPE sorbent for the analysis of biological samples.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Limit of Detection', 'Linear Models', 'Nanofibers', 'Phenols', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solid Phase Extraction', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Toxicity Tests, Chronic']
| 28,772,224
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.318.740.872.374', 'N05.715.360.750.725.500', 'N06.850.520.830.872.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['J01.637.512.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.155.800'], ['E05.196.566.880'], ['E05.940.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Mus spicilegus endogenous retrovirus HEMV uses murine sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter 1 as a receptor.
|
We sought to determine the relationship between two recent additions to the murine leukemia virus (MLV) ecotropic subgroup: Mus cervicolor isolate M813 and Mus spicilegus endogenous retrovirus HEMV. Though divergent in sequence, the two viruses share an Env protein with similarly curtailed VRA and VRB regions, and infection by both is restricted to mouse cells. HEMV and M813 displayed reciprocal receptor interference, suggesting that they share a receptor. Expression of the M813 receptor murine sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter 1 (mSMIT1) allowed previously nonpermissive cells to be infected by HEMV, indicating that mSMIT1 also serves as a receptor for HEMV. Our findings add HEMV as a second member to the MLV subgroup that uses mSMIT1 to gain entry into cells.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Endogenous Retroviruses', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Symporters', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Virus Internalization']
| 22,457,525
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.613.807.250', 'B04.820.650.250', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.800.175', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800.175', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800.175'], ['B04.613.807.375.525', 'B04.820.650.375.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.543.750.830'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.625', 'D12.776.543.585.450.625'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['G06.920.881']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages for anterior column reconstruction in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.
|
The objective of study was to evaluate a case series of patients in whom polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages were used for anterior column reconstruction in vertebral osteomyelitis. Fifteen patients underwent clinical and radiological evaluation with average follow-up of 26 months. Parameters assessed were time of surgery, blood loss, segmental kyphosis or lordosis angle, time to solid bony fusion, ambulatory status, and functional outcome. Mean time of surgery was 150 min with mean blood loss of 530 ml. One patient died in early postoperative period. All patients without preoperative neurologic deficit were walking unaided first day postoperatively. Solid bony fusion was demonstrated in 14 patients, on average 7.1 months postoperatively. Functional outcome at the latest follow-up was excellent, good, or fair in 86%. Two failures with recurrent infection were treated with PEEK cage removal and reinstrumentation. High success rate could be expected when PEEK cages are used for anterior column support in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Internal Fixators', 'Ketones', 'Kyphosis', 'Lordosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteomyelitis', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Titanium', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,987,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.370', 'E07.858.442.660.460', 'E07.858.690.725.460'], ['D02.522'], ['C05.116.900.800.500'], ['C05.116.900.800.750'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association study of bipolar disorder using a functional polymorphism (Ser311-->Cys) in the dopamine D2 receptor gene.
|
Several pieces of evidence are consistent with the involvement of dopamine neurotransmission in the aetiology of bipolar disorder. We have tested the hypothesis that the functional mutation Ser311-->Cys of the dopamine D2 receptor gene confers susceptibility to bipolar disorder. There was no increased frequency of the mutation in 82 bipolar probands compared with 72 controls, showing that this mutation is not involved in the pathogenesis of (at least) the vast majority of cases of bipolar disorder. Our findings are consistent with other evidence from linkage and association studies against the involvement of the dopamine D2 receptor in bipolar disorder.
|
['Alleles', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Codon', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genes', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Psychotic Disorders', 'Receptors, Dopamine D2', 'Schizophrenia', 'United Kingdom']
| 7,551,964
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['F03.084.500'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['G05.365.795'], ['F03.700.675'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400.500'], ['F03.700.750'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Geochemical modeling of arsenic release from a deep natural solid matrix under alternated redox conditions.
|
Dissolved arsenic (As) concentrations detected in groundwater bodies of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy) exhibit values which are above the regulation limit and could be related to the natural composition of the host porous matrix. To support this hypothesis, we present the results of a geochemical modeling study reproducing the main trends of the dynamics of As, Fe, and Mn concentrations as well as redox potential and pH observed during batch tests performed under alternating redox conditions. The tests were performed on a natural matrix extracted from a deep aquifer located in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy). The solid phases implemented in the model were selected from the results of selective sequential extractions performed on the tested matrix. The calibrated model showed that large As concentrations have to be expected in the solution for low crystallinity phases subject to dissolution. The role of Mn oxides on As concentration dynamics appears significant in strongly reducing environments, particularly for large water-solid matrix interaction times. Modeled data evidenced that As is released firstly from the outer surface of Fe oxihydroxides minerals exhibiting large concentrations in water when persistent reducing conditions trigger the dissolution of the crystalline structure of the binding minerals. The presence of organic matter was found to strongly affect pH and redox conditions, thus influencing As mobility.
|
['Arsenic', 'Groundwater', 'Italy', 'Minerals', 'Models, Chemical', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 23,949,112
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['G01.311.355'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['D01.578'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Local inflammation in fracture hematoma: results from a combined trauma model in pigs.
|
Background. Previous studies showed significant interaction between the local and systemic inflammatory response after severe trauma in small animal models. The purpose of this study was to establish a new combined trauma model in pigs to investigate fracture-associated local inflammation and gain information about the early inflammatory stages after polytrauma. Material and Methods. Combined trauma consisted of tibial fracture, lung contusion, liver laceration, and controlled hemorrhage. Animals were mechanically ventilated and under ICU-monitoring for 48 h. Blood and fracture hematoma samples were collected during the time course of the study. Local and systemic levels of serum cytokines and diverse alarmins were measured by ELISA kit. Results. A statistical significant difference in the systemic serum values of IL-6 and HMGB1 was observed when compared to the sham. Moreover, there was a statistical significant difference in the serum values of the fracture hematoma of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and HMGB1 when compared to the systemic inflammatory response. However a decrease of local proinflammatory concentrations was observed while anti-inflammatory mediators increased. Conclusion. Our data showed a time-dependent activation of the local and systemic inflammatory response. Indeed it is the first study focusing on the local and systemic inflammatory response to multiple-trauma in a large animal model.
|
['Animals', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hematoma', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Multiple Trauma', 'Swine']
| 25,694,748
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['C26.640'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of pulsed magnetic field therapy on the level of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis--a randomized controlled trial.
|
Twenty-five multiple sclerosis patients, taking part in a rehabilitation program, were randomly assigned to treatment with pulsed magnetic field therapy (PMFT) or to sham therapy in order to study the additional effect of PMFT as part of a multimodal neurological rehabilitation program on fatigue. Patients demographic and disease specific characteristics were recorded. Level of fatigue was measured by fatigue severity scale (FSS) at entrance and discharge and with a visual analog scale (VAS) immediate before and after a single treatment session. The 'Magnetic Cell Regeneration' system by Santerra was used for PMFT. A single treatment lasted 16 minutes twice daily over 3-4 weeks and consisted of relaxed lying on a PMF mattress. Sham intervention was conducted in an identical manner with the PMF-device off. Patients and statistics were blinded. Level of fatigue measured by FSS was high at entrance in both treatment group (TG) and control group (CG) (5.6 versus 5.5). Over time of rehabilitation fatigue was reduced by 18% in TG and 7% in CG which was statistically not significant. There was a statistically significant immediate effect of the single treatment session which 18% reduction of fatigue measured by VAS in TG versus 11% in CG. Because of a high 'placebo effect' of simple bed rest, a only small and short lasting additional effect of PMFT and high costs of a PMF-device, we cannot recommend PMFT as an additional feature of a multimodal neurological rehabilitation program in order to reduce fatigue level of MS-patients.
|
['Adult', 'Bed Rest', 'Electric Stimulation Therapy', 'Exercise', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 15,957,511
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.075'], ['E02.331', 'E02.779.468', 'E02.831.535.468'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['H01.671.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.200', 'C10.314.350.500.200', 'C20.111.258.250.500.200'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Individual psychosocial support for breast cancer patients: a randomized study of nurse versus psychologist interventions and standard care.
|
In a prospective, randomized study, an individual psychosocial support intervention performed by specially trained oncology nurses, or psychologists, were compared with standard care. Consecutive primary breast cancer patients about to start adjuvant therapy (n = 179) were included. Data were supplied by the questionnaires European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Study Group Core Quality of life questionnaire with 30 questions (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Breast Cancer Module with 23 questions (BR23), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Impact of Event Scale before randomization and 1, 3, and 6 months later. Patient files provided data on utilization of psychosocial support offered in routine care. Global quality of life/health status, nausea and vomiting, and systemic therapy side effects were the subscales showing significant Group by Time interactions, favoring the interventions. Intervention groups improved statistically significantly more than the standard care group regarding insomnia, dyspnea, and financial difficulties. Nurse patients experienced less intrusion compared with the standard care group. All groups showed statistically and clinically significant improvements with time on several subscales. The intervention groups, however, improved to a greater extent. Fewer patients in the intervention groups used psychosocial hospital support compared with the standard care group. In conclusion, psychosocial support by specially trained nurses using techniques derived from cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial for breast cancer patients and may be a realistic alternative in routine cancer care.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anxiety', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Oncology Nursing', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychological Techniques', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,510,577
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.470.132'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H02.478.676.605', 'N02.421.533.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.796', 'F04.669'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CSF monoamine metabolites in depression and schizophrenia.
|
The authors report cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of five monoamine metabolites before and after probenecid administration in normal subjects and patients with depression and schizophrenia. No differences were found in baseline metabolite concentrations among the three groups. CSF metabolite and CSF probenecid concentrations were significantly correlated in depressed patients for all metabolites, and there was decreased postprobenecid accumulation of homovanillic acid in the CSF of depressed patients compared with schizophrenic patients and with normal subjects. The authors propose a method for correcting for probenecid concentrations. Data from normal subjects should be of value for other investigators using the probenecid technique.
|
['3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid', 'Depression', 'Homovanillic Acid', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid', 'Male', 'Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol', 'Probenecid', 'Schizophrenia']
| 7,352,572
|
[['D02.241.223.601.220'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['D02.241.223.601.521'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.066.288.478', 'D03.633.100.473.404.478'], ['D02.033.455.250.610'], ['D02.065.884.625', 'D02.886.590.700.625'], ['F03.700.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Idiopathic central retinal vein occlusion in a thrombophilic patient with the heterozygous 20210 G/A prothrombin genotype.
|
PURPOSE: To report the occurrence of monolateral central retinal vein occlusion in a patient with heterozygous 20210 G/A prothrombin genotype, known to be associated with high thrombophilic risk.METHODS: A monolateral central retinal vein occlusion was diagnosed in a 71-year-old woman, who had suffered from a deep vein thrombosis in her left leg at the age of 36 years. Mutations of the genes involved in the coagulation process were investigated by DNA polymerase chain reaction.RESULT: DNA analysis showed the patient to be heterozygous for the prothrombin 20210 G/A genetic variation.CONCLUSION: The 20210 G/A prothrombin gene mutation may be associated with central retinal vein occlusion.
|
['Aged', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Fundus Oculi', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Point Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prothrombin', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Risk Factors', 'Thrombophilia']
| 10,458,191
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['A09.371.729.313'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D08.622.709', 'D12.776.124.125.800', 'D12.776.811.243.709', 'D23.119.945'], ['C11.768.760', 'C14.907.355.830.925.650', 'C14.907.760'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C15.378.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of simulated acid snow stress on leaf tissue of wintering herbaceous plants.
|
Acid snow might be an environmental stress factor for wintering plants since acid precipitates are locally concentrated in snow and the period in which ice crystals are in contact with shoots might be longer than that of acid precipitates in rain. In this study, 'equilibrium' and 'prolonged' freezing tests with sulfuric acid, which simulate situations of temperature depression and chronic freezing at a subzero temperature with acid precipitate as acid snow stress, respectively, were carried out using leaf segments of cold-acclimated winter wheat. When leaf segments were frozen in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 4.0, 3.0 or 2.0) by equilibrium freezing with ice seeding, the survival rate of leaf samples treated with sulfuric acid solution of pH 2.0 decreased markedly. Leaf samples after supercooling to -4 and -8 degrees C in the presence of sulfuric acid solution (pH 2.0) without ice seeding were less damaged. When leaf samples were subjected to prolonged freezing at -4 and -8 degrees C for 7 d with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0), the survival rates of leaf samples exposed to sulfuric acid decreased more than those of leaf samples treated with water. On the other hand, leaf samples were less damaged by prolonged supercooling at -4 and -8 degrees C for 7 d with sulfuric acid (pH 2.0). The results suggest that an acid condition (pH 2.0) in the process of extracellular freezing and/or thawing promotes freezing injury of wheat leaves.
|
['Acids', 'Cold Temperature', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Freezing', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rain', 'Seasons', 'Seedlings', 'Snow', 'Sulfuric Acids', 'Time Factors', 'Triticum']
| 16,481,360
|
[['D01.029'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['G02.300'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G16.500.175.859', 'G16.500.275.063.725.395', 'G16.500.750.775.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.450', 'N06.230.520'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['G16.500.175.867', 'G16.500.275.063.725.480', 'G16.500.750.775.480', 'N06.230.300.100.725.480'], ['D01.029.260.877.800', 'D01.875.800.800', 'D02.886.645.655'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and laboratory markers of hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and AIDS.
|
A group of clinical, immunologic, and virologic variables was examined to determine if any predicted the development of hypersensitivity to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) during treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Hypersensitivity occurred in 39 (27%) of 143 patients, who had significantly higher total lymphocyte and CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratios than did those who did not develop hypersensitivity. Regression analysis identified having a CD4:CD8 ratio > 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75-3.94; P = .02) and treatment for < 14 days (95% CI, 1.57-3.75; P = .04) as independently predictive of hypersensitivity. Use of corticosteroids tended to reduce the frequency of hypersensitivity (7% vs. 30%; P = .07). T lymphocytes may be important in the pathogenesis of these hypersensitivity reactions. As the frequency of hypersensitivity declines with disease progression, T lymphocytes could be effector cells in these reactions or their sensitivity to TMP-SMZ may decline with HIV disease progression.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'CD4-CD8 Ratio', 'Cytomegalovirus Infections', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia, Pneumocystis', 'Regression Analysis', 'Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination']
| 8,380,290
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150.160', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150.160', 'G12.248'], ['C01.925.256.466.245'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.703.534.700', 'C01.150.703.770.700', 'C01.748.435.700', 'C01.748.610.675', 'C08.381.472.700', 'C08.381.677.675', 'C08.730.435.700', 'C08.730.610.675'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['D02.065.884.725.867.500', 'D02.092.146.807.867.500', 'D02.886.590.700.725.867.500', 'D03.383.742.906.500', 'D26.310.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The â subunit of yeast AMP-activated protein kinase directs substrate specificity in response to alkaline stress.
|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae express three isoforms of Snf1 kinase that differ by which â subunit is present, Gal83, Sip1 or Sip2. Here we investigate the abundance, activation, localization and signaling specificity of the three Snf1 isoforms. The relative abundance of these isoforms was assessed by quantitative immunoblotting using two different protein extraction methods and by fluorescence microscopy. The Gal83 containing isoform is the most abundant in all assays while the abundance of the Sip1 and Sip2 isoforms is typically underestimated especially in glass-bead extractions. Earlier studies to assess Snf1 isoform function utilized gene deletions as a means to inactivate specific isoforms. Here we use point mutations in Gal83 and Sip2 and a 17 amino acid C-terminal truncation of Sip1 to inactivate specific isoforms without affecting their abundance or association with the other subunits. The effect of low glucose and alkaline stresses was examined for two Snf1 phosphorylation substrates, the Mig1 and Mig2 proteins. Any of the three isoforms was capable of phosphorylating Mig1 in response to glucose stress. In contrast, the Gal83 isoform of Snf1 was both necessary and sufficient for the phosphorylation of the Mig2 protein in response to alkaline stress. Alkaline stress led to the activation of all three isoforms yet only the Gal83 isoform translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates Mig2. Deletion of the SAK1 gene blocked nuclear translocation of Gal83 and signaling to Mig2. These data strongly support the idea that Snf1 signaling specificity is mediated by localization of the different Snf1 isoforms.
|
['AMP-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Alkalies', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Glucose', 'Histidine', 'Isoenzymes', 'Kinetics', 'Mutant Proteins', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Subunits', 'Protein Transport', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 27,592,031
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.085', 'D12.644.360.062', 'D12.776.476.062'], ['D01.045'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.776.602'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.813'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G07.775'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rats' midsession reversal performance: the nature of the response.
|
The midsession reversal task involves a simple simultaneous discrimination that predictably reverses midway through a session. Under various conditions, pigeons generally both anticipate the reversal and perseverate once it has occurred, whereas rats tend to make very few of either kind of error. In the present research, we investigated the hypothesis that the difference in performance between rats and pigeons is related to the nature of the responses made. We hypothesized that rats could have been better at bridging the intertrial interval by keeping the relevant paw close to the lever while eating, whereas the pigeons had to remove their beak from the response key and insert it into the feeder, thus making it difficult to mediate the response last made. In the present experiment, in successive phases, rats were trained to leverpress or nose-poke on a 40-trial midsession reversal, an 80-trial midsession reversal, and a variable-location reversal. The results showed that the leverpress group acquired the task faster than the nose-poke group, but that both groups reached comparable levels of performance. Thus, the difference in the natures of the responses cannot fully account for the differences in accuracy between rats and pigeons. Additionally, differences in the types of errors made by the two groups suggest that the nature of the response plays different roles in the performance of this task.
|
['Animals', 'Columbidae', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Rats', 'Reversal Learning', 'Species Specificity']
| 26,202,589
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['F02.463.425.798'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Combined liver-kidney transplantation versus liver transplant alone based on KDIGO stratification of estimated glomerular filtration rate: data from the United Kingdom Transplant registry - a retrospective cohort study.
|
Patient selection for combined liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT) is a current issue on the background of organ shortage. This study aimed to compare outcomes and post-transplant renal function for patients receiving CLKT and liver transplantation alone (LTA) based on native renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stratification. Using the UK National transplant database (NHSBT) 6035 patients receiving a LTA (N = 5912; 98%) or CLKT (N = 123; 2%) [2001-2013] were analysed, and stratified by KDIGO stages of eGFR at transplant (eGFR group-strata). There was no difference in patient/graft survival between LTA and CLKT in eGFR group-strata (P > 0.05). Of 377 patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) at time of transplantation, 305 (81%) and 72 (19%) patients received LTA and CLKT respectively. A significantly greater proportion of CLKT patients had severe end-stage renal disease (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) at 1 year post-transplant compared to LTA (9.5% vs. 5.7%, P = 0.001). Patient and graft survival benefit for patients on RRT at transplantation was favouring CLKT versus LTA (P = 0.038 and P = 0.018, respectively) but the renal function of the long-term survivors was not superior following CLKT. The data does not support CLKT approach based on eGFR alone, and the advantage of CLKT appear to benefit only those who are on established RRT at the time of transplant.
|
['Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 30,793,378
|
[['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Enrichment of total flavonoids from Spatholobus suberectus by macroporous adsorption resin].
|
OBJECTIVE: To screen different macroporous adsorption resins for isolation and purification of flavonoids from Spatholobus suberectus.METHODS: 6 kinds of macroporous adsorption resins were assayed for their adsorbability and deadsorbability of total flavonoids from Spatholobus suberectus.RESULTS: HPD 400 resin was found with good adsorbability and deadsorbability.CONCLUSION: HPD 400 resin and AB-8 resins can be used for enriching high contents of total flavonoids from Spatholobus suberectus, and more than 50% of flavonoids were enriched from the extract of Spatholobus suberectus.
|
['Adsorption', 'Ethanol', 'Fabaceae', 'Flavonoids', 'Plant Stems', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Resins, Synthetic', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical']
| 21,434,446
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['A18.024.937'], ['B01.650.560'], ['D05.750.716.822', 'D25.339.816', 'D25.720.716.822', 'J01.637.051.339.816', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Analysis of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in serum using a common solid-phase clean-up and a common mobile phase.
|
A single, rapid and specific solid-phase clean-up procedure was developed for the analysis of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants using a carefully selected wash step and specific sequential elution. Benzodiazepines were eluted from the solid-phase column using as mixture of water-methanol-acetonitrile (2:3:3) followed by the elution of tricyclic antidepressants with methanol containing 0.6% diethylamine. A 30% solution of acetonitrile in phosphate buffer containing dimethyloctylamine was used as a common isocratic mobile phase for the analysis of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants on a reversed-phase column and detection was carried out at 242 nm. The sensitivity limit of the assay for benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants was 25 ng/ml in serum with recoveries of 95-105% for benzodiazepines and 76-95% for tricyclic antidepressants. The results were linear for benzodiazepines over the range 50-2000 ng/ml and for tricyclic antidepressants over the range 25-500 ng/ml. Analysis for benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants gave good precision, with a coefficient of variation of less than 5.0%. The method described here will be suitable for use in a clinical setting, where there is a concomitant use of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants.
|
['Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Humans', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 2,576,269
|
[['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122.055'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis.
|
To assess the value of azathioprine in the maintenance therapy of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis a controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal was carried out in 50 patients who had been maintained in remission on a combination of azathioprine and prednisolone. The patients were randomly allocated to remain on combination therapy (23) or to discontinue azathioprine (27). These 2 groups were comparable at the start of the study. Over a follow-up period of up to 3 years, biochemical and histological relapse occurred in 8 patients in the azathioprine-withdrawal group but in only 1 patient in the combination-therapy group. Cumulative probability of relapse was 32% among the patients in the withdrawal group, compared with 6.0% for those in the combination group.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Azathioprine', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisolone', 'Random Allocation']
| 2,858,619
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C20.111'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E02.319.310'], ['C06.552.380.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Just blowing smoke? Social desirability and reporting of intentions to quit smoking.
|
INTRODUCTION: Do cigarette smokers really want to quit smoking or do they simply say they do in order to placate others and avoid criticism? In surveys of smokers, stated quit intentions and reports of quit attempts may be biased by social desirability concerns. This makes it difficult to interpret large-scale state and national surveys of smoking behavior that collect data through telephone and face-to-face interviews, methods that tend to evoke high levels of socially desirable responding.METHODS: The 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey used a dual-frame design to query smokers' quit intentions and past quit attempts in 1 of 2 ways: A self-administered mail survey (low pressure for socially desirable responding; n = 563), or an interviewer-administered telephone survey (high pressure for socially desirable responding; n = 499). Estimates derived from the 2 formats were compared to test for social desirability effects.RESULTS: In both survey modes, approximately two thirds of smokers reported seriously considering quitting in the next 6 months (mail: 64.9%; telephone: 68.9%), and approximately half reported making a quit attempt in the past year (mail: 54.9%; telephone: 52.3%). Neither difference approached significance in logistic regressions controlling for demographics (ps > .24).CONCLUSIONS: It appears that a large proportion of smokers in the United States aspire to live smoke-free lives and are not simply responding in a socially desirable manner to deflect criticism in an antismoking social climate. Future research should (1) replicate this study with greater statistical power, (2) examine the possible effects of survey context (e.g., health survey vs. smoking pleasure survey), and (3) explore survey mode effects in specific subpopulations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intention', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Social Desirability', 'Telephone', 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 23,884,318
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658.650', 'F02.463.306'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['F01.145.813.628'], ['L01.178.847.698'], ['C25.775.912', 'F03.900.912'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Protracted post-traumatic confusional state treated with physostigmine.
|
A case study is presented of confusion in a head-injured man, lasting for more than 2 years, when intermittent treatment with physostigmine resulted in progressive improvement in both confusion and usable cognitive functions. Aetiological mechanisms and implications for treatment plans are discussed.
|
['Awareness', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Confusion', 'Electroencephalography', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Head Injuries, Closed', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physostigmine']
| 8,680,399
|
[['F02.463.188.150'], ['D27.505.519.389.275', 'D27.505.519.625.120.300', 'D27.505.696.577.120.300'], ['C10.597.606.337', 'C23.888.592.604.339', 'F01.700.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.250', 'E05.944.500', 'N04.452.859.564.800.250', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.325'], ['C10.900.300.350', 'C26.915.300.450', 'C26.974.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.241.081.251.583.682', 'D03.132.436.545', 'D03.633.100.473.402.545', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.545']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Progress's Pilgrim: a critical narrative of research in progress.
|
There is increasing interest in the use of stories to develop nursing and health care practice. This paper reports on how we used story to understand and develop research on nursing practice. Story (or narrative) and science can be seen as distinct but complementary paradigms. We have found that a story framework can help researchers to reflect on a process of social scientific investigation, and to consider how to 'go on' in that process. In a study on 'Community psychiatric nurses' empowerment of people with enduring mental disorders in the community: involving users to develop services' we have encountered a number of interesting and challenging issues related to design and use of methods. We present these issues within a framework of story analysis, focusing on issues related to empowerment. This analysis draws on Burke's 'pentad' of story elements as a framework for narrative analysis. We present the elements of the 'story of the study-as-funded' and as it was carried out through the pilot stage, and outline the story of developments in the main study. 'Trouble' in a story centres on a problematic 'ratio' of story elements. The 'trouble' at this stage in the progress of our study relates to lack of fit between some parts of the instruments (the methods) and the goal (empowerment), and to the status of the CPNs as actors or agents. Narrative analysis sensitizes us to these issues of 'trouble' and provides a means of addressing them. Like John Bunyan's Pilgrim, we have learned through our progress; unlike Pilgrim, we know not our end.
|
['Community Mental Health Services', 'Humans', 'Nursing Research', 'Psychiatric Nursing', 'Research Design', 'Scotland']
| 10,320,507
|
[['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.770.644.145.390', 'H02.478.395', 'N04.590.233.508.613'], ['H02.478.676.710', 'N02.421.533.778'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['Z01.542.363.766']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Spinal cord infarction following therapeutic renal artery embolization.
|
A patient with dialysis cachexia became paraparetic within hours of therapeutic renal artery embolization. At autopsy, emboli of absorbable gelatin sponge filled spinal arteries, accompanied by spinal cord infarcts. The renal arteries of patients with end-stage renal disease are smaller than normal becaue of intimal fibrosis associated with prolonged dialysis. Embolic material can reflux more readily in these patients than in patients with renal tumors.
|
['Adult', 'Cachexia', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable', 'Humans', 'Infarction', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Renal Artery', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Spinal Cord']
| 577,249
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.144.243.963.500.500'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['E07.858.740.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513.355', 'C23.550.717.489'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['A07.015.114.745'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Glomerular extracellular roughly granular material (ERGM). Its autofluorescent property and the question of its nuclear origin.
|
A glomerular extra-cellular roughly granular material (ERGM) has been described by several authors, mainly in association with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. This material is clearly identified on light and electron microscopy. Another peculiar morphological character of ERGM is its property of autofluorescence detailed in this study. The precise nature of this granular material remains questionable. Immunostaining shows the lack of superposition of autofluorescent ERGM with C3 and with C5b9. Nuclear origin of ERGM suspected on ultrastructural features failed to be proven by using immunolabelling with an anti-DNA serum.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'Complement System Proteins', 'DNA', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fluorescence', 'Humans', 'Kidney Glomerulus']
| 3,601,802
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D12.776.124.486.274'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased prevalence of intestinal helminth infection during pregnancy in a Sub-Saharan African community.
|
Gestation is a unique physiologic state that carries with it several immunologic consequences and results in changing susceptibility to various diseases. In contrast to the well recognized excess vulnerability of primiparous women to Plasmodium falciparum infection in areas of high malaria transmission, it is not known whether pregnancy is associated with a higher prevalence of helminth infection. In Lambar?n?, Gabon, 105 pregnant women were recruited and matched with non-gravid female controls. The prevalence of intestinal helminths was 66% (n=58) in the pregnant participants and 36% (n=32) in the non-pregnant controls (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis the pregnancy status was an independent risk factor for being infected with intestinal helminths (AOR and 95% CI: 3.0 [1.4-5.9]). These data show a previously undescribed susceptibility pattern of pregnant women to intestinal helminth infection in a sub-Saharan African community.
|
['Adult', 'Africa South of the Sahara', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Female', 'Helminthiasis', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Assessment']
| 18,157,604
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290'], ['N06.850.290'], ['C01.610.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.610.718', 'C13.703.700.680'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Grassland management for horses.
|
The pasture needs for horses as compared to those for farm livestock are reviewed. The differing preferences of various types of grasses and other plants, and the patterns of grazing seen on"horse-sick" pastures, are discussed. Suggestions for practical management include frequent collection and removal of droppings, the use of grazing by cattle, adequate rest from horses and the application of cattle manure. Methods for controlling weeds and renovating horse-sick paddocks are discussed and compared to ploughing up. Finally, the place of fertilisers is considered for use on pastures for horses.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Defecation', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Fertilizers', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Poaceae']
| 6,255,672
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G10.261.165'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['D27.720.031.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Breast magnetic resonance imaging for screening high-risk women.
|
Mammography is the only imaging modality that has been validated by multiple randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses to reduce mortality from breast cancer. Although it is demonstrated to be effective in reducing mortality from breast cancer, mammography has its limitations, especially in young high-risk women with dense breasts. Other imaging modalities have been pursued as an adjunct screening modality in this population. Of these, the most widely accepted is contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This article reviews current recommendations and limitations of using MR imaging of the breast to screen asymptomatic women at high risk for breast cancer.
|
['BRCA1 Protein', 'BRCA2 Protein', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Evidence-Based Medicine', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Prevalence', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', "Women's Health"]
| 23,928,241
|
[['D12.776.313.125', 'D12.776.624.776.100', 'D12.776.660.100', 'D12.776.744.100', 'D12.776.930.137'], ['D12.776.313.249', 'D12.776.624.776.101', 'D12.776.660.105'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E01.390.500'], ['H02.249.750', 'H02.403.200.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) influences substrate utilization for hepatic glucose production.
|
The hypoglycemia seen in the fasting PPARalpha null mouse is thought to be due to impaired liver fatty acid beta-oxidation. The etiology of hypoglycemia in the PPARalpha null mouse was determined via stable isotope studies. Glucose, lactate, and glycerol flux was assessed in the fasted and fed states in 4-month-old PPARalpha null mice and in C57BL/6 WT maintained on standard chow using a new protocol for flux assessment in the fasted and fed states. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose carbon recycling were estimated using [U-(13)C(6)]glucose, and HGP, lactate, and glycerol turnover was estimated utilizing either [U-(13)C(3)]lactate or [2-(13)C]glycerol infused subcutaneously via Alza miniosmotic pumps. At the end of a 17-h fast, HGP was higher in the PPARalpha null mice than in WT by 37% (p < 0.01). However, recycling of glucose carbon from lactate back to glucose was lower in the PPARalpha null than in WT (39% versus 51%, p < 0.02). The lack of conversion of lactate to glucose was confirmed using an [U-(13)C(3)]lactate infusion. In the fasted state, HGP from lactate and lactate production were decreased by 65 and 55%, respectively (p < 0.05) in PPARalpha null mice. In contrast, when [2-(13)C]glycerol was infused, glycerol production and HGP from glycerol increased by 80 and 250%, respectively (p < 0.01), in the fasted state of PPARalpha null mice. The increased HGP from glycerol was not suppressed in the fed state. While little change was evident for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, pyruvate kinase expression was decreased 16-fold in fasted PPARalpha null mice as compared with the wild-type control. The fasted and fed insulin levels were comparable, but blood glucose levels were lower in the PPARalpha null mice than in controls. In conclusion, PPARalpha receptor function creates a setpoint for a metabolic network that regulates the rate and route of HGP in the fasted and fed states, in part, by controlling the flux of glycerol and lactate between the triose-phosphate and pyruvate/lactate pools.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blood Glucose', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'DNA Primers', 'Fasting', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glucose', 'Glycerol', 'Homeostasis', 'Insulin', 'Lactic Acid', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)', 'Pyruvate Kinase', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Transcription Factors']
| 12,176,975
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['G05.308.320'], ['G02.111.158.500', 'G03.191.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['G07.410'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.550'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.695'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Probabilistic Modeling of Dietary Arsenic Exposure and Dose and Evaluation with 2003-2004 NHANES Data.
|
BACKGROUND: Dietary exposure from food to toxic inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the general U.S. population has not been well studied.OBJECTIVES: The goal of this research was to quantify dietary As exposure and analyze the major contributors to total As (tAs) and iAs. Another objective was to compare model predictions with observed data.METHODS: Probabilistic exposure modeling for dietary As was conducted with the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Dietary (SHEDS-Dietary) model, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The dose modeling was conducted by combining the SHEDS-Dietary model with the MENTOR-3P (Modeling ENvironment for TOtal Risk with Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Populations) system. Model evaluation was conducted via comparing exposure and dose-modeling predictions against duplicate diet data and biomarker measurements, respectively, for the same individuals.RESULTS: The mean modeled tAs exposure from food is 0.38 microg/kg/day, which is approximately 14 times higher than the mean As exposures from the drinking water. The mean iAs exposure from food is 0.05 microg/kg/day (1.96 microg/day), which is approximately two times higher than the mean iAs exposures from the drinking water. The modeled exposure and dose estimates matched well with the duplicate diet data and measured As biomarkers. The major food contributors to iAs exposure were the following: vegetables (24%); fruit juices and fruits (18%); rice (17%); beer and wine (12%); and flour, corn, and wheat (11%). Approximately 10% of tAs exposure from foods is the toxic iAs form.CONCLUSIONS: The general U.S. population may be exposed to tAs and iAs more from eating some foods than from drinking water. In addition, this model evaluation effort provides more confidence in the exposure assessment tools used.
|
['Arsenic', 'Biomarkers', 'Diet', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Probability', 'Risk Assessment', 'Time Factors', 'United States', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Supply']
| 20,194,069
|
[['D01.268.513.249'], ['D23.101'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The relationship of homocyteine, B12 and folic acid with the bone mineral density of the femur and lumbar spine in Turkish postmenopausal women.
|
OBJECTIVE: The relationship of homocyteine, B12 and folic acid with osteoporosis has already been studied in various populations. We compared the important factors in the metabolism of homocysteine, such as homocysteine, B12 and folic acid levels, of Turkish postmenopausal women, and their relationship with the femur and lumbar spine bone mineral density.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gazi University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study group consisted of 178 postmenopausal women. Serum homocysteine, folic acid and Vitamin B12 were measured. BMD was measured using DEXA at the right femoral neck and lumbar spine (L1-L4).RESULTS: Upon evaluation of both the femur and lumbar spine, it was determined that osteoporosis could be associated with a homocysteine level above the median and with a B12 value under the lowest quintile value.CONCLUSION: Plasma Hcy and vitamin B12, but not folate levels, were associated with osteoporosis. Future interventional studies are needed to determine methods to reduce Hcy levels with dietary supplements and extra vitamin B12, which will restore bone health and reduce risk of fractures.
|
['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Density', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Folic Acid', 'Homocysteine', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Postmenopause', 'Turkey', 'Vitamin B 12']
| 19,151,987
|
[['E01.370.350.700.024', 'E05.196.712.224.187'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G11.427.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.400'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.437.777', 'D03.633.400.909.437.777', 'D04.345.783.437.777']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Occupational exposure to blood and other bodily fluids at a military hospital in Iraq.
|
BACKGROUND: Exposure to bloodborne pathogens, namely HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, remains a risk for healthcare workers. Given the austere and challenging environments in a combat zone, it is unclear to what extent blood and other bodily fluid occupational exposures pose a risk of infection for military healthcare workers deployed to a level III military treatment facility in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.METHODS: This is a retrospective review of electronic infection control records at the Air Force Theater Hospital in Iraq in which blood and other bodily fluid occupational exposure data were available: October 1, 2005 through May 31, 2006 and January 15, 2007 through April 30, 2007.RESULTS: During the first study period, there were 46 exposures for an average monthly exposure of 5.8 (range, 2-16 per month). The majority of exposures were percutaneous fingersticks (74%), whereas the remainder were splashes (17%) or not documented (9%). During the second study period, there were 19 exposures with percutaneous device and splash exposure encompassing 68% and 32% of cases, respectively. The majority of occurrences were in the intensive care unit (53%) and primarily among nurses (37%). Overall, there were 65 exposures per 1,000 persons during the year review.CONCLUSIONS: During the time periods evaluated, a substantial number of blood and other bodily fluid exposures occurred in a combat zone military healthcare facility. This finding is comparable to US civilian institutions. Maintaining programs for preventing, tracking, and implementing postexposure prophylaxis remain a worthy and achievable goal at every military treatment facility, regardless of the austerity of the environment.
|
['Accidents, Occupational', 'Blood-Borne Pathogens', 'Hospitals, Military', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Iraq War, 2003-2011', 'Needlestick Injuries', 'Personnel, Hospital', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Trauma Centers']
| 19,359,972
|
[['N06.850.135.240'], ['B05.155'], ['N02.278.421.510.180.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['I01.880.735.950.250.782', 'K01.400.504.984.249'], ['C26.986.950.500'], ['M01.526.485.740', 'N02.360.740'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Paromomycin for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS: a prospective, double-blind trial.
|
To test the effects of paromomycin, 10 patients with AIDS and cryptosporidiosis were randomized to paromomycin or placebo in a double-blind trial. After 14 days, patients were switched to the other treatment for 14 additional days. Measures included the number and character of each stool and weekly 24-h stool specimens for weight and oocyst excretion. During the paromomycin treatment phase, oocyst excretion decreased from 314 x 10(6) to 109 x 10(6)24 h (P < .02). Oocyst excretion increased for the 4 patients initially on placebo compared to a median decrease of 128 x 10(6)/24 h for the 6 initially treated with drug (P < .02). Stool frequency also decreased more in those treated with drug (3.6 fewer vs. 1.25 fewer/24 h, P < .05). Trends favored drug over placebo for stool weight, stool character, and Karnofsky score. Paromomycin treatment resulted in improvement in both clinical and parasitologic parameters in cryptosporidiosis in AIDS.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'Cryptosporidiosis', 'Diarrhea', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Feces', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Paromomycin', 'Prospective Studies']
| 8,035,029
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C01.610.432.269', 'C01.610.701.688.235', 'C01.610.752.250.269', 'C01.610.752.625.235', 'C06.405.469.452.269', 'C22.674.710.235'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['D09.408.051.706'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Child maltreatment risk among adolescent mothers: a study of reported cases.
|
A large random sample of reported child maltreatment incidents are analyzed in terms of the research question: Is there a higher incidence of maltreatment by women who were adolescent mothers than by older mothers? Results from the official records studied indicate similar dynamic variables reported for both groups of mothers. The nature and limitations of the data are discussed, and implications and suggestions for further research are presented.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Marriage', 'Mothers', 'Pregnancy', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 7,406,033
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.263.315.500.500', 'I01.240.361.500.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500.500', 'N01.224.361.500.500', 'N01.824.308.500.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Haemanthamine Binds the Eukaryotic Ribosome to Repress Cancer Cell Growth.
|
Alkaloids isolated from the Amaryllidaceae plants have potential as therapeutics for treating human diseases. Haemanthamine has been studied as a novel anticancer agent due to its ability to overcome cancer cell resistance to apoptosis. Biochemical experiments have suggested that hemanthamine targets the ribosome. However, a structural characterization of its mechanism has been missing. Here we present the 3.1 ? resolution X-ray structure of haemanthamine bound to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S ribosome. This structure reveals that haemanthamine targets the A-site cleft on the large ribosomal subunit rearranging rRNA to halt the elongation phase of translation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that haemanthamine and other Amaryllidaceae alkaloids also inhibit specifically ribosome biogenesis, triggering nucleolar stress response and leading to p53 stabilization in cancer cells. Together with a computer-aided interpretation of existing structure-activity relationships of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids congeners, we provide a rationale for designing molecules with enhanced potencies and reduced toxicities.
|
['Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'HCT116 Cells', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Phenanthridines', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Ribosomes', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 29,429,877
|
[['D03.132.052'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D03.633.300.633'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Granulocyte superoxide anion and elastase release during cardiopulmonary bypass.
|
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is known to induce several pathogenic responses in cardiovascular surgery. To explore leukocyte activation during PCB, we investigated superoxide anion (O2-) production by granulocytes in 6 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. O2- production was determined with chemiluminescence amplified by a cypridina luciferin analogue. Granulocytes collected from the blood in the arterial site of the CPB circuit were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and opsonized zymosan. All the stimulators failed to disclose a significant difference between the magnitude of chemiluminescence during and after CPB. However, significant complement activation was detected, and the plasma level of granulocyte elastase increased gradually during and after CPB. This discrepancy between the unchanged O2- production by stimulated granulocytes and the increase in inflammatory mediators including granulocyte elastase may be due to sequestration of activated granulocytes in extravascular tissues. Namely, it was highly likely that activated granulocytes responsible for the increased plasma elastase level were sequestered and remained outside the blood circulation.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Complement C3a', 'Complement C4a', 'Female', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Superoxides']
| 8,274,101
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.292.413'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.250', 'D12.776.124.486.274.250.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.274.024.260', 'D12.776.124.486.274.350.250'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Microarray analysis of Tbx2-directed gene expression: a possible role in osteogenesis.
|
Tbx2 is a member of the developmentally important transcriptional regulatory T-box gene family, whose target genes have not been well characterized. In an attempt to identify genes that may be regulated by Tbx2, mouse cDNA microarrays were used to analyze differential gene expression profiles, comparing stably transfected NIH3T3 cells overexpressing Tbx2 and vector-transfected controls. Among 8734 genes, 107 genes were up-regulated by 2-fold or greater, and 66 genes were down-regulated by 2-fold or greater. Caveolin, pleiotrophin (osf-1), osteoblast-specific factor-2 (osf-2) and collagen type I alpha were among the genes upregulated in the Tbx2-overexpressing cells, whereas cadherin 3, tenascin C, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 10/CYR61 (IBP10) were among the genes downregulated. Northern blot analysis confirmed the correlation of expression of several genes, including IBP10 and osf-2, in fibroblast NIH3T3 and rat osteosarcoma ROS17/2.8 cells differentially expressing Tbx2. In ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with antisense Tbx2, osf-2 was downregulated, whereas transfection of sense Tbx2 upregulated this gene. Interestingly, the expression of pleiotrophin (osf-1) and collagen I alpha with Tbx2 transfection showed an inverse regulatory correlation between NIH3T3 and ROS17/2.8 cells. Thus, Tbx2 can act as both a repressor and activator, and the cellular context can influence the effect on gene expression. Although the data do not address whether Tbx2 directly mediates the transcriptional effect, a number of candidate genes possess putative T-box gene regulatory elements. The results support the hypothesis that Tbx2 may be an important modulator of bone development. Further functional cluster analysis indicates that Tbx2 might also be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and cell adhesion.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Caveolins', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Chondrocytes', 'Databases, Factual', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Morphogenesis', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Rats', 'T-Box Domain Proteins', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 11,377,819
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.543.990.100'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.329.171'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G07.345.500'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['A11.329.629'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.260.725', 'D12.776.930.850'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An E3 Ligase Affects the NLR Receptor Stability and Immunity to Powdery Mildew.
|
Following the detection of pathogen cognate effectors, plant Nod-like receptors (NLRs) trigger isolate-specific immunity that is generally associated with cell death. The regulation of NLR stability is important to ensure effective immunity. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), the allelic Mildew locus A (MLA) receptors mediate isolate-specific disease resistance against powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). Currently, how MLA stability is controlled remains unknown. Here, we identified an MLA-interacting RING-type E3 ligase, MIR1, that interacts with several MLAs. We showed that the carboxyl-terminal TPR domain of MIR1 mediates the interaction with the coiled-coil domain-containing region of functional MLAs, such as MLA1, MLA6, and MLA10, but not with that of the nonfunctional MLA18-1. MIR1 can ubiquitinate the amino-terminal region of MLAs in vitro and promotes the proteasomal degradation of MLAs in vitro and in planta. Both proteasome inhibitor treatment and virus-induced gene silencing-mediated MIR1 silencing significantly increased MLA abundance in barley transgenic lines. Furthermore, overexpression of MIR1 specifically compromised MLA-mediated disease resistance in barley, while coexpression of MIR1 and MLA10 attenuated MLA10-induced cell death signaling in Nicotiana benthamiana Together, our data reveal a mechanism for the control of the stability of MLA immune receptors and for the attenuation of MLA-triggered defense signaling by a RING-type E3 ligase via the ubiquitin proteasome system.
|
['Ascomycota', 'Cell Death', 'Disease Resistance', 'Genetic Loci', 'Hordeum', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Immunity', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Protein Binding', 'Proteolysis', 'Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases', 'Ubiquitination']
| 27,780,896
|
[['B01.300.107'], ['G04.146'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.380'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.481'], ['G15.610'], ['G12.450.800', 'G15.630'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D08.811.464.938.750'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600.925', 'G02.111.691.600.775', 'G03.734.871.790.600.831', 'G05.308.670.600.831']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of segregation of chromosomal DNA by sex factor F in Escherichia coli. Mutants of DNA gyrase subunit A suppress letD (ccdB) product growth inhibition.
|
The letA (ccdA) and letD (ccdB) genes, located just outside the sequence essential for replication of the F plasmid, apparently contribute to stable maintenance of the plasmid. The letD gene product acts to inhibit partitioning of chromosomal DNA and cell division of the host bacteria, whereas the letA gene product acts to suppress the activity of the letD gene product. To identify the target of the letD gene product, temperature-sensitive growth-defective mutants were screened from bacterial mutants that had escaped the letD product growth inhibition that occurs in hosts carrying an FletA mutant. Of nine mutants analysed, three mutants were shown, by phage P1-mediated transduction and complementation analysis, to have mutations in the gyrA gene and the other six in the groE genes. The nucleotide sequence revealed that one of the gyrA mutants has a base change from G to A at position 641 (resulting in an amino acid change from Gly to Glu at position 214) of the gyrA gene. The mutant GyrA proteins produced by these gyrA(ts) mutants were trans-dominant over wild-type GyrA protein for letD tolerance. The wild-type GyrA protein, produced in excess amounts by means of a multicopy plasmid, overcame growth inhibition of the letD gene product. These observations strongly suggest that the A subunit of DNA gyrase is the target of the LetD protein.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'F Factor', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phenotype', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Temperature']
| 1,316,444
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D23.946.123'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.360.600.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.695'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ovarian, peritoneal, and endometrial serous carcinoma: clonal origin of multifocal disease.
|
The clonality of disseminated serous carcinoma involving the ovary, peritoneum, and, occasionally, the endometrium is controversial. Histopathologic examination alone cannot unequivocally distinguish between a monoclonal origin and a multicentric origin. Two patients with peritoneal serous carcinoma with minimal ovarian involvement (one with endometrial serous carcinoma), nine patients with stage III bilateral ovarian carcinoma, and one patient with stage III bilateral carcinosarcoma were studied for clonality. One patient with ovarian carcinoma that recurred after chemotherapy was also studied. Previous analyses of single frozen tumor specimens from these patients had identified different p53 gene mutations in each patient. To test the hypothesis that the disseminated cancers had a monoclonal origin, we assayed DNA from numerous foci from each patient to determine whether the known p53 mutation was present in each specimen. Identical mutations were detected in the tumor foci from each patient with peritoneal dissemination and minimal ovarian involvement, including one patient with an endometrial serous carcinoma as well. In all the patients with bilateral ovarian cancer, the genetic change in p53 was identical in both ovarian tumors. Genetic progression was observed in two patients, one of whom showed a loss of heterozygosity involving the p53 gene in a recurrent tumor. In the second patient, a p53 mutation not present in either ovarian tumor was detected in a metastatic tumor from the omentum. These results strongly suggest that disseminated serous carcinomas, whether primary in the ovary, endometrium, or peritoneum, are of monoclonal rather than multicentric origin; that bilateral stage III ovarian cancers are typically of monoclonal origin; and that additional genetic events involving p53 might occur during progression of these tumors.
|
['Aged', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Peritoneal Neoplasms', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational']
| 8,685,209
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.240', 'C04.557.470.590.480.240'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['C04.588.033.513', 'C04.588.274.780', 'C06.301.780', 'C06.844.620'], ['G05.365.795.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Association between variants in or near PNPLA3, GCKR, and PPP1R3B with ultrasound-defined steatosis based on data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
|
BACKGROUND & AIMS: A genome-wide association study associated 5 genetic variants with hepatic steatosis (identified by computerized tomography) in individuals of European ancestry. We investigated whether these variants were associated with measures of hepatic steatosis (HS) in non-Hispanic white (NHW), non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American (MA) participants in the US population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, phase 2.METHODS: We analyzed data from 4804 adults (1825 NHW, 1442 non-Hispanic black, and 1537 MA; 51.7% women; mean age at examination, 42.5 y); the weighted prevalence of HS was 37.3%. We investigated whether ultrasound-measured HS, with and without increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or level of ALT alone, was associated with rs738409 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 [PNPLA3]), rs2228603 (neurocan [NCAN]), rs12137855 (lysophospholipase-like 1), rs780094 (glucokinase regulatory protein [GCKR]), and rs4240624 (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3b [PPP1R3B]) using regression modeling in an additive genetic model, controlling for age, age-squared, sex, and alcohol consumption.RESULTS: The G allele of rs738409 (PNPLA3) and the T allele of rs780094 (GCKR) were associated with HS with a high level of ALT (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; P = .01; and OR, 1.30; P = .03, respectively). The A allele of rs4240624 (PPP1R3B) and the T allele of rs2228603 (NCAN) were associated with HS (OR, 1.28; P = .03; and OR, 1.40; P = .04, respectively). Variants of PNPLA3 and NCAN were associated with ALT level among all 3 ancestries. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with particular races or ethnicities: variants in PNPLA3, NCAN, GCKR, and PPP1R3B were associated with NHW and variants in PNPLA3 were associated with MA. No variants were associated with NHB.CONCLUSIONS: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III to validate the association between rs738409 (PNPLA3), rs780094 (GCKR), and rs4240624 (PPP1R3B) with HS, with or without increased levels of ALT, among 3 different ancestries. Some, but not all, associations between variants in NCAN, lysophospholipase-like 1, GCKR, and PPP1R3B with HS (with and without increased ALT level) were significant within subpopulations.
|
['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Adult', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Aged', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Association Studies', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Lipase', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mexican Americans', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Surveys', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Protein Phosphatase 1', 'Ultrasonography', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 23,416,328
|
[['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C06.552.241'], ['G05.330'], ['E05.393.385'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['M01.686.754.441.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.687'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparative proteomes, immunoreactivities and neutralization of procoagulant activities of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) venoms from four regions in Southeast Asia.
|
The intraspecific geographical venom variations of Calloselasma rhodostoma from Malaysia (CR-M), Indonesia (CR-I), Thailand (CR-T) and Vietnam (CR-V) were investigated through 1D SDS-PAGE and nano-ESI-LCMS/MS. The venom antigenicity, procoagulant activities and neutralization using Thai C. rhodostoma Monovalent Antivenom (CRMAV) were also investigated. SDS-PAGE patterns of the venoms were relatively similar with minor variations. Proteomic analysis revealed that snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs, particularly P-I class), serine proteases (SVSPs) and snaclecs dominated the venom protein composition (68.96-81.80%), followed by L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (7.37-11.08% and 5.18-13.81%, respectively), corroborating C. rhodostoma envenoming effects (hemorrhage, consumptive coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia and local tissue necrosis). Other proteins of lower abundances (2.82-9.13%) identified include cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISP), phospholipase B, phosphodiesterase, nerve growth factor, 5'-nucleotidase, aminopeptidase and hyaluronidase. All four venoms exhibited strong procoagulant effects which were neutralized by CRMAV to different extents. CRMAV immunoreactivity was high toward venoms of CR-M, CR-I and CR-T but relatively low for CR-V venom. Among the venom samples from different locales, CR-V venom proteome has the smallest SVMP composition while SVSP, PLA2 and phosphodiesterase were more abundant in the venom. These variations in C. rhodostoma venom protein composition could partly explain the differences seen in immunoreactivity. (198 words).
|
['Animals', 'Coagulants', 'Crotalid Venoms', 'Crotalinae', 'Indonesia', 'Malaysia', 'Proteome', 'Thailand', 'Vietnam']
| 31,445,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.270'], ['D20.888.850.960.200', 'D23.946.833.850.960.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.833.672.125.937.240'], ['Z01.252.145.380', 'Z01.639.580'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['D12.776.817'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['Z01.252.145.945']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Efficient preparation of aminoxyacyl amides, aminoxy hybrid peptides, and alpha-aminoxy peptides.
|
N-(Pg-alpha-aminoxy acids) 1a-g are converted to N-(Pg-alpha-aminoxyacyl)benzotriazoles 2a-g, which react under mild conditions with amines, alpha-amino acids/alpha-dipeptides, and alpha-aminoxy acids to give aminoxyacyl amides 3a-g, (3e+3e'), and (3g+3g'), aminoxy hybrid peptides 4a-h, (4a+4a'), 6a-d, 9a-e, (9a+9a'), and (9b+9b'), and alpha-aminoxy peptides 10a,b in good yields without racemization.
|
['Amides', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Oligopeptides', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 19,831,362
|
[['D02.065'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['D12.644.456'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Morphology of physiologically characterized medial lemniscal axons terminating in cat ventral posterior thalamic nucleus.
|
1. Medial lemniscal axons were identified by extra- and intracellular recording in the thalamic ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of cats and injected intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 2. Axons were characterized in terms of their latencies of response to stimulation of the medial lemniscus in the medulla, their receptive fields, and the temporal patterns of their discharge in response to stimulation of the receptive field with natural, hand-held stimuli. One-hundred sixty-six axons were placed in five operational groups: hair transient (Ht) (n = 41); hair sustained (Hs) (n = 45); pressure transient (Pt) (n = 14); pressure sustained (Ps) (n = 27), and deep or joint (Jt) (n = 39). 3. There was a tendency for Jt axons to have their terminations in anterodorsal parts of VPL and for those in the four cutaneous categories to have theirs in more central parts of the nucleus. 4. Nineteen injected axons with receptive fields mainly on the distal forelimb were subjected to detailed morphological analysis in terms of extent of terminal field and number of boutons. All axons ended in localized terminal fields that were more extensive anteroposteriorly than in the other dimensions. All showed an overall similarity and similar ranges of variation. There was a tendency, however, for Jt axons to have the least extensive terminations with fewest boutons. Ps axons had the most extensive terminations and largest number of boutons; Hs axons had small terminations and few boutons but Ht axons had small-to-medium arborizations with many boutons; no Pt axons were sufficiently well stained to enable comparisons of them with the others. There were no marked differences in axon diameter or conduction velocity among the five types. 5. Boutons identified light microscopically tended to be clustered in linear chains along proximal dendrites of relay neurons and electron microscopy revealed that they were terminals making synaptic contacts on relay cell dendrites and on presynaptic dendrites of interneurons. 6. These results reveal more similarities than differences among lemniscal axon terminations in VPL. Further studies of a quantitative nature on stimulus-response coupling and on the geographic distribution of lemniscal synapses on relay neurons will be required to reveal how lemniscal input is translated into relay cell output in VPL.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cats', 'Neural Pathways', 'Thalamic Nuclei']
| 3,193,165
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.186.211.200.317.826.701']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Alterations in peak inspiratory pressure and tidal volume delivered by manually operated self-inflating resuscitation bags as a function of the oxygen supply rate.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess possible alterations in the tidal volume and peak inspiratory pressure delivered by seven models of manually operated self-inflating resuscitation bags as a function of the oxygen supply rate used.METHODS: The resuscitation bags tested were the following: Oxigel, models A and B; CE Reanimadores; ProtecSolutions; Missouri; Axmed; and Narcosul. For the measurements, a wall oxygen flow meter, a flow meter/respirometer, a resuscitation bag, a sensor (Tracer 5 unit), and a test lung were connected. In addition, the Tracer 5 unit was connected to a notebook computer. Oxygen supply rates of 1, 5, 10, and 15 L/min were used.RESULTS: The tidal volume delivered by the Oxigel model A resuscitation bag when receiving oxygen at a rate of 15 L/min was approximately 99% greater than that delivered when receiving oxygen at a rate of 1 L/min. Similarly, peak inspiratory pressure was approximately 155% greater. Under the same conditions, the tidal volume delivered by the Narcosul resuscitation bag was 48% greater, and peak inspiratory pressure was 105% greater. The remaining resuscitation bags tested showed no significant alterations in the tidal volume or peak inspiratory pressure delivered.CONCLUSIONS: Under the resistance and compliance conditions used, the resuscitation bags in which the oxygen inflow is directly to the interior of the bag had the patient valve stuck at the inspiratory position when receiving oxygen at a rate >or= 5 L/min, significantly increasing the tidal volume and peak inspiratory pressure delivered. This did not occur with the resuscitation bags in which the oxygen inflow is directed to the exterior of the bag.
|
['Humans', 'Inhalation', 'Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation', 'Models, Biological', 'Oxygen', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Respiration, Artificial', 'Resuscitation', 'Tidal Volume', 'Ventilators, Mechanical']
| 19,009,215
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G09.772.705.700.390'], ['E02.041.625.790.550', 'E02.880.820.790.550'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G03.680'], ['E01.370.386.700.660', 'G09.772.650'], ['E02.041.625', 'E02.365.647.729', 'E02.880.820'], ['E02.365.647'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['E07.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ICAM-1 regulates neutrophil adhesion and transcellular migration of TNF-alpha-activated vascular endothelium under flow.
|
In vivo, leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) occurs at endothelial cell junctions (paracellular) and nonjunctional (transcellular) locations, whereas in vitro models report that TEM is mostly paracellular. The mechanisms that control the route of leukocyte TEM remain unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that elevated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression regulates the location of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) TEM. We used an in vitro flow model of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-activated human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) or an HUVEC cell line transfected with ICAM-1GFP (green fluorescent protein) and live-cell fluorescence microscopy to quantify the location of PMN adhesion and TEM. We observed robust transcellular TEM with TNF-alpha-activated HUVECs and ICAM-1GFP immortalized HUVECS (iHUVECs). In contrast, primary CD3+ T lymphocytes exclusively used a paracellular route. Endothelial ICAM-1 was identified as essential for both paracellular and transcellular PMN transmigration, and interfering with ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail function preferentially reduced transcellular TEM. We also found that ICAM-1 surface density and distribution as well as endothelial cell shape contributed to transcellular TEM. In summary, ICAM-1 promotes junctional and nonjunctional TEM across inflamed vascular endothelium via distinct cytoplasmic tail associations.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Neutrophils', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 15,811,956
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.450', 'D12.776.543.550.200.450', 'D23.050.301.350.450'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stunting Mediates the Association between Small-for-Gestational-Age and Postneonatal Mortality.
|
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, one-third of all births are small for gestational age (SGA), and 4.4 million children are stunted; both conditions increase the risk of child mortality. SGA has also been shown to increase the risk of stunting.OBJECTIVE: We tested whether the association between SGA and postneonatal mortality is mediated by stunting.METHODS: We used longitudinal data from children aged 6 wk to 24 mo (n = 12,155) enrolled in the ZVITAMBO (Zimbabwe Vitamin A for Mothers and Babies) trial. HIV exposure was defined based on maternal HIV status at baseline. SGA was defined as birthweight <10th percentile of the INTERGROWTH-21st (International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century) standards. We used a standard mediation approach by comparing the attenuation of the risk when the mediator was added to the model. We used Cox proportional hazards models first to regress SGA on postneonatal mortality, controlling for age. Stunting (length-for-age z score <-2) was then included in the model to test mediation.RESULTS: Approximately 20% of children were term SGA, and 23% were stunted before their last follow-up visit. In this cohort, 31% of children were exposed to HIV; the HIV-exposed group represented a pooled group of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed but uninfected children. Postneonatal mortality was significantly higher among children born SGA (HR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 1.7). This association was attenuated and not statistically significant when stunting was included in the model, suggesting a mediation effect (HR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.3). When stratified by HIV exposure status, we observed a significant attenuation of the risk, suggesting mediation, only among HIV-exposed children (model 1, HR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.6; model 2, HR: 1.1; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.3).CONCLUSIONS: This analysis aids in investigating pathways that underlie an observed SGA-mortality relation and may inform survival interventions in undernourished settings.
|
['Africa South of the Sahara', 'Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 27,733,526
|
[['Z01.058.290'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['C23.550.393'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.560'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A 99mTc-Labeled Ligand of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Selectively Targets Renal Cell Carcinoma In Vivo.
|
UNLABELLED: Small organic ligands, selective for tumor-associated antigens, are increasingly being considered as alternatives to monoclonal antibodies for the targeted delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic payloads such as radionuclides and drugs into neoplastic masses. We have previously described a novel acetazolamide derivative, a carbonic anhydrase ligand with high affinity for the tumor-associated isoform IX (CAIX), which can transport highly potent cytotoxic drugs into CAIX-expressing solid tumors. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively investigate the biodistribution properties of said ligand and understand whether acetazolamide conjugates merit further development as drug carriers and radioimaging agents.METHODS: The conjugate described in this study, consisting of a derivative of acetazolamide, a spacer, and a peptidic (99m)Tc chelator, was labeled using sodium pertechnetate under reducing conditions and injected intravenously into CAIX-expressing SKRC-52 xenograft-bearing mice. Animals were sacrificed, and organ uptake as percentage injected activity of radiolabeled ligand per gram of tissues (%IA/g) was evaluated between 10 min and 24 h. Additionally, postmortem imaging by SPECT was performed.RESULTS: The acetazolamide conjugate described in this study could be labeled to high radiochemical purity (>95%, 2.2-4.5 MBq/nmol). Analysis of organ uptake at various time points revealed that the ligand displayed a maximal tumor accumulation 3 h after intravenous injection (22 %IA/g), with an excellent tumor-to-blood ratio of 70:1 at the same time point. The ligand accumulation in the tumor was more efficient than in any other organ, but a residual uptake in the kidney, lung, and stomach (9, 16, and 10 %IA/g, respectively) was also observed, in line with patterns of carbonic anhydrase isoform expression in those tissues. Interestingly, tumor-to-organ ratios improved on administration of higher doses of radiolabeled ligand, suggesting that certain binding sites in normal organs can be saturated in vivo.CONCLUSION: The (99m)Tc-labeled acetazolamide conjugate exhibits high tumor uptake and favorable tumor-to-kidney ratios of up to 3 that may allow imaging of tumors in the kidney and distant sites at earlier time points than commonly possible with antibody-based products. These data suggest that the described molecule merit further development as a radioimaging agent for CAIX-expressing renal cell carcinoma.
|
['Acetazolamide', 'Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrase IX', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Isotope Labeling', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Ligands', 'Mice', 'Technetium', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon']
| 26,912,427
|
[['D02.886.675.867.060', 'D03.383.129.708.867.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150.450', 'D12.776.543.178', 'D23.050.285.196'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.522'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D01.268.271.870', 'D01.268.556.843', 'D01.268.956.875', 'D01.496.749.305.870', 'D01.552.544.843'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Short-term tests are unable to distinguish between human carcinogens and noncarcinogens.
|
Previously published results of short-term tests (STT) applied to chemicals, identified as carcinogens and noncarcinogens, are compared and discussed. Inspection of the data shows that carcinogens and noncarcinogens are about equally STT-positive. Although it may be possible to observe suggestive indications in the data, it is difficult to be certain that these indications are necessarily relevant to or predictive of human carcinogenic risk. The assumption that STT are predictive, if incorrect and accepted, would seem to have the potential for causing harm to public health by leading to falsely recognized carcinogens as noncarcinogens and noncarcinogens as carcinogens. Technological and legal preparations have been made for rapid regulatory decisions on the basis of STT. The data, however, appear to caution against utilizing these means too quickly.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Research Design', 'Time Factors']
| 3,719,413
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['E05.581.500', 'H01.770.644.728'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Behavioral responses to physical vs. social novelty in male and female laboratory rats.
|
Most behavioral tests used with laboratory rodents involve measuring behavioral responses to physical novelty. However, laboratory rodents are often derived from highly social species for which novel social stimuli may induce different levels of fear or curiosity compared to novel physical objects. We hypothesized that behavioral responses will differ in response to novel physical vs. social cues, and that females may show more exploration of social novelty, based on prior studies indicating that females more actively seek social support during duress compared to males. We compared young (55-day-old) Sprague-Dawley rats' responses to an arena filled with novel objects ("physical") or a novel same-sex caged conspecific ("social"). Rats were more active and spent twice as much time in contact with the novel social stimulus compared to novel physical stimuli. Although females were more active than males, females were not particularly more exploratory in the social arena compared to males. The results indicate that a novel social partner (even a caged one with limited ability to interact) elicits more exploration than novel objects for both male and female rats.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Laboratory', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 21,726,606
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.199'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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Neuroimaging findings in a suprasellar granular cell tumor.
|
A 27-year-old woman presented with a history of amenorrhea, visual disturbance, and diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large enhancing suprasellar mass with associated edema involving the left striatum. The lesion was hypometabolic on fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. At surgery, a subtotal resection of a vascular tumor that appeared to arise from the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus was carried out. Pathologic examination revealed a granular cell tumor. We report the preoperative neuroimaging findings in this rare posterior pituitary stalk tumor.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Granular Cell Tumor', 'Humans', 'Hypothalamic Neoplasms', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Pituitary Gland, Posterior', 'Pituitary Neoplasms', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 12,544,238
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['C04.557.450.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.885.500', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500', 'C10.228.140.617.477', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A06.300.747.875', 'A06.688.178.875', 'A06.688.357.750.875', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500.875', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500.875', 'A08.713.049.875', 'A08.713.357.750.875'], ['C04.588.322.609', 'C04.588.614.250.195.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.211.885.500.600', 'C10.228.140.617.477.600', 'C10.228.140.617.738.675', 'C10.551.240.250.700.500.500', 'C19.344.609', 'C19.700.734'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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New anticancer active and selective phenylene-bisbenzothiazoles: synthesis, antiproliferative evaluation and DNA binding.
|
Novel amidino-derivatives of phenylene-bisbenzothiazoles were synthesized and tested for their antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines, as well as DNA-binding properties. The synthetic approach used for preparation of isomeric amidino substituted-phenylene-bis-benzothyazoles 3a-3f was achieved by condensation reaction of isophthaloyl dichloride 1a and terephthaloyl dichloride 1b or with phthalic acid 1c with 5-amidinium-2-aminobenzothiolate 2a and 5-(imidazolinium-2-yl)-2-aminobenzothiolate 2b in good yields. The targeted compounds were converted in the desired water soluble dihydrochloride salts by reaction of appropriate free base with concd HCl in ethanol or acetic acid. All tested compounds (3a-3f) showed antiproliferative effects on tumour cells in a concentration-dependant manner. The strongest activity and cytotoxicity was observed for diimidazolinyl substituted phenylene-bisbenzothiazole compound 3b. These effects were shown to be related to DNA-binding properties, topoisomerase I and II poisoning effects and apoptosis induction. The highest tested selectivity towards tumour cells was observed for the imidazolyl substituted phenylene-benzothiazole 3d that showed no cytotoxic effects on normal fibroblasts making it an excellent candidate for further chemical optimization and preclinical evaluation.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Benzothiazoles', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Circular Dichroism', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Models, Chemical', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nucleic Acid Denaturation', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 23,603,616
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D03.383.129.708.089', 'D03.633.100.185'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.393.640', 'G02.111.603', 'G05.627'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the expression of cold shock-inducible TIP1 gene of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Northern blot hybridization analysis of a series of 5' end, 3' end and internal deletions has revealed that at least four different regions are involved in the regulation of the expression of TIP1, a cold shock-inducible gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One of these four regions has negative effect on the expression of the TIP1 gene, while the others are responsible for the activation and cold shock-induction of the gene. A fragment involved in the cold-shock induction of TIP1 was used as a probe in gel retardation assays to identify the cold shock-factor. The cold shock-factor could be detected in cells grown at 30 degrees C as well as 10 degrees C, but both the amount of the factor and its affinity to DNA were found to increase 2-3-fold after cold shock. In addition, another factor was found to bind just upstream of the cold shock element, in a region where a transcriptional activator was predicted to function by Northern blot hybridization analysis. The amount of this activating factor and its affinity for DNA was not affected by temperature. Implications of our data on possible mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the TIP1 gene by cold shock are discussed.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cold Temperature', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Trans-Activators', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transcriptional Activation']
| 8,127,704
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['G05.308.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Description and Impact Evaluation of a Statewide Collaboration to Reduce Preventable Hospital Readmissions.
|
This article describes how a Medicare-funded Quality Improvement Organization collaborated with a hospital association and multiple cross-continuum partners on a statewide effort to reduce hospital readmissions. Interventions included statewide education on quality improvement strategies and community-specific technical assistance on collaboration approaches, data collection and analysis, and selection and implementation of interventions. Fifteen communities, comprising 16 acute care hospitals, 119 nursing homes, 70 home health agencies, and 32 other health care or social service providers, actively participated over a 4.5-year period. Challenges included problems with end-of-life discussions (80.0%), physician engagement (70.0%), staffing (70.0%), and communication between settings (60.0%). Thirty-day all-cause readmission rates in fee-for-service Medicare patients decreased in most hospital service areas across the state (22/24), and the aggregate statewide readmission rate dropped from 15.2/1000 to 12.1/1000, a relative decrease of 20.3% ( P < .001). Despite these positive findings, the specific impact of this collaboration could not be determined because of multiple confounding interventions.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Communication', 'Community Participation', 'Fee-for-Service Plans', 'Humans', 'Inservice Training', 'Interinstitutional Relations', 'Medicare', 'Medication Reconciliation', 'Organizational Culture', 'Patient Readmission', 'Personnel Staffing and Scheduling', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Quality Improvement', 'Risk Assessment', 'Terminal Care', 'United States']
| 27,418,618
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['N02.421.143.212', 'N03.540.245.360'], ['N03.219.442.195', 'N03.219.521.710.305.090', 'N04.452.758.745.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.574'], ['N04.452.822.400'], ['N03.219.521.346.506.564.663', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840', 'N03.706.615.696'], ['E02.319.529.500', 'N02.421.450.500.500', 'N04.452.528.460', 'N04.590.656'], ['N04.452.606'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['I03.946.225', 'N04.452.677.650'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['J01.293.754', 'N04.761.744'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E02.760.905', 'N02.421.585.905'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Self-paced saccades and saccades to oddball targets in Parkinson's disease.
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Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) manifest difficulty in initiation and execution of movements, particularly when movements are sequential, simultaneous or repetitive. Eye movements are particularly effective in evaluating motor impairments. We utilized a series of saccadic eye movement paradigms to explore the ability of 13 patients with mild-moderate PD and 13 age-matched healthy controls to self-pace saccades between two continuously illuminated targets, before and after an externally cued tracking period, and respond to unexpected changes in task demand. The latter was explored by measuring saccadic responses to unexpected "oddball" targets that appeared during a well-learned reciprocating sequence of saccades, in either the opposite direction to that expected or at twice the anticipated extent. Results indicated that all participants demonstrated a marked increase in saccade amplitudes from the externally cued saccade tracking to the self-paced saccades. Unexpectedly, this difference was magnified in PD patients. Self-paced saccades before externally cueing were also more frequent than requested in the PD group, but timing improved following external cueing. The second key finding was that while patients were able to respond to unexpected changes in target amplitude, performance was more variable (in terms of latency and accuracy) when responding to unexpected changes in target direction. Hence, beneficial effects of external cueing on the timing of self-paced saccades may be mediated through cortical regions, placing less emphasis on striatal regions known to be compromised in PD. Additionally, responding to changes in saccade direction (but not amplitude) may rely on basal ganglia circuitry.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Pathways', 'Ocular Motility Disorders', 'Orientation', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Saccades']
| 16,822,490
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.612'], ['C10.228.758', 'C10.292.562', 'C11.590'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['G14.350.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mass-gathering health research foundational theory: part 1 - population models for mass gatherings.
|
BACKGROUND: The science underpinning the study of mass-gathering health (MGH) is developing rapidly. Current knowledge fails to adequately inform the understanding of the science of mass gatherings (MGs) because of the lack of theory development and adequate conceptual analysis. Defining populations of interest in the context of MGs is required to permit meaningful comparison and meta-analysis between events. Process A critique of existing definitions and descriptions of MGs was undertaken. Analyzing gaps in current knowledge, the authors sought to delineate the populations affected by MGs, employing a consensus approach to formulating a population model. The proposed conceptual model evolved through face-to-face group meetings, structured break out sessions, asynchronous collaboration, and virtual international meetings. Findings and Interpretation Reporting on the incidence of health conditions at specific MGs, and comparing those rates between and across events, requires a common understanding of the denominators, or the total populations in question. There are many, nested populations to consider within a MG, such as the population of patients, the population of medical services providers, the population of attendees/audience/participants, the crew, contractors, staff, and volunteers, as well as the population of the host community affected by, but not necessarily attending, the event. A pictorial representation of a basic population model was generated, followed by a more complex representation, capturing a global-health perspective, as well as academically- and operationally-relevant divisions in MG populations.CONCLUSIONS: Consistent definitions of MG populations will support more rigorous data collection. This, in turn, will support meta-analysis and pooling of data sources internationally, creating a foundation for risk assessment as well as illness and injury prediction modeling. Ultimately, more rigorous data collection will support methodology for evaluating health promotion, harm reduction, and clinical-response interventions at MGs. Delineating MG populations progresses the current body of knowledge of MGs and informs the understanding of the full scope of their health effects.
|
['Crowding', 'Data Collection', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Health Planning', 'Health Services Research', 'Humans', 'Mass Behavior', 'Models, Theoretical']
| 25,400,164
|
[['F01.145.875.281'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['N02.421.297'], ['N03.349', 'N03.706.615.302'], ['H01.770.644.145.360', 'N03.349.380', 'N05.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.813.527'], ['E05.599']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Juxta-articular Myxoma of the Temporomandibular Joint.
|
The juxta-articular myxoma represents a benign mesenchymal neoplasm that arises from tissue within or adjacent to a joint space. There have been a number of reported cases involving myxomas of the knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hip. To our knowledge there, however, have been no reported cases of juxta-articular myxomas of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This report describes the case of a 57-year-old woman with a juxta-articular myxoma of the left TMJ extending into the infratemporal fossa (ITF). Access to the tumor was accomplished via a preauricular incision and low condylar osteotomy which allowed for displacement of the condyle for direct visualization and excision of the tumor. The postoperative course was benign and the patient demonstrated no cosmetic or functional limitation. Likewise, follow-up at 30 months showed no evidence of recurrence. Benign encapsulated tumors of the ITF can be effectively accessed by means of a modified preauricular incision, low condylar osteotomy, and anterior meniscal release. This direct approach allows for excellent surgical exposure, minimal surgical site morbidity, and maintenance of physiologic joint function and occlusion.
|
['Cranial Fossa, Middle', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Middle Aged', 'Myxoma', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Osteotomy', 'Temporal Bone', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders']
| 26,594,976
|
[['A01.456.830.165', 'A02.835.232.781.750.165'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.550'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E04.555.580'], ['A02.835.232.781.885'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Alphavirus capsid proteins self-assemble into core-like particles in insect cells: A promising platform for nanoparticle vaccine development.
|
The mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes arthritic diseases in humans, whereas the aquatic salmonid alphavirus (SAV) is associated with high mortality in aquaculture of salmon and trout. Using modern biotechnological approaches, promising vaccine candidates based upon highly immunogenic, enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) have been developed. However, the eVLP structure (core, lipid membrane, surface glycoproteins) is more complex than that of non-enveloped, protein-only VLPs, which are structurally and morphologically 'simple'. In order to develop an alternative to alphavirus eVLPs, in this paper we engineered recombinant baculovirus vectors to produce high levels of alphavirus core-like particles (CLPs) in insect cells by expression of the CHIKV and SAV capsid proteins. The CLPs localize in dense nuclear bodies within the infected cell nucleus and are purified through a rapid and scalable protocol involving cell lysis, sonication and low-speed centrifugation steps. Furthermore, an immunogenic epitope from the alphavirus E2 glycoprotein can be successfully fused to the N-terminus of the capsid protein without disrupting the CLP self-assembling properties. We propose that immunogenic epitope-tagged alphavirus CLPs produced in insect cells present a simple and perhaps more stable alternative to alphavirus eVLPs.
|
['Alphavirus', 'Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Capsid Proteins', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Drug Design', 'Epitopes', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Sf9 Cells', 'Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle', 'Viral Envelope Proteins', 'Virus Assembly']
| 26,287,127
|
[['B04.820.578.875.054'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.280.065', 'B04.525.100'], ['D12.776.964.970.600.550'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['D23.050.550'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['A11.251.210.891'], ['D12.776.828.868.955', 'D20.215.894.865.955', 'D23.050.865.955'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880'], ['G06.920.925.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation of Daudi cells with reduced sensitivity to interferon. I. Characterization.
|
Treatment of Daudi cells with successively increasing concentrations of interferon-alpha resulted in the selection of a cell population which multiplied in the continued presence of 10(4) units/ml of interferon-alpha. A number of clones of interferon-resistant Daudi cells were isolated from this population. Two clones, DIF2 and DIF3, were found to exhibit moderate and pronounced resistance, respectively, to both the antiviral and antiproliferative actions of human interferons-alpha and -beta. These clones were also less responsive to the enhancement by interferon of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen expression. Both the surface antigens and karyotype of the interferon-resistant clones were similar to those of parental Daudi cells. After prolonged cultivation in the absence of interferon, DIF3 cells were found to 'revert' to an intermediate interferon sensitivity. The interferon sensitivity of clone DIF2 remained unchanged even after more than 1 year in culture.
|
['Antigens, Viral', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Survival', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Clone Cells', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Resistance', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Interferon Type I', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Karyotyping', 'Time Factors', 'Virus Replication']
| 6,420,510
|
[['D23.050.327'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G04.346'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['A11.251.353'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890', 'D23.529.374.440.890'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Target-controlled intravenous anaesthesia with bispectral index monitoring for thoracotomy in a patient with severely impaired left ventricular function.
|
The anaesthetic management of an elderly patient with severely impaired left ventricular function undergoing thoracotomy and lobectomy is described. Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with remifentanil and target-controlled infusion of propofol titrated according to the bispectral index (BIS) was used, with thoracic epidural anaesthesia commenced at the end of surgery providing postoperative analgesia. Avoidance of intraoperative epidural local anaesthetics and careful titration and dose reduction of propofol using the BIS was associated with excellent haemodynamic stability. The rapid offset of action of remifentanil and low-dose propofol facilitated early recovery and tracheal extubation. The BIS was a valuable monitor in optimal titration of TIVA.
|
['Aged', 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Anesthesia, Intravenous', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Electroencephalography', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Intubation, Intratracheal', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Piperidines', 'Pneumonectomy', 'Propofol', 'Remifentanil', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Thoracotomy', 'Titrimetry', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 10,853,218
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.091.080'], ['E03.160', 'E04.614.750.055', 'N02.421.585.753.750.055'], ['E03.155.308'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.075', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.075'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C14.280.195.160', 'C14.280.238.070', 'C16.320.488.750'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E02.041.500', 'E02.585.578', 'E05.497.578'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['D03.383.621'], ['E04.620', 'E04.928.600.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773'], ['D02.241.081.751.756', 'D03.383.621.828'], ['L01.224.800'], ['E04.928.760'], ['E05.196.922'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray-matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex.
|
Media multitasking, or the concurrent consumption of multiple media forms, is increasingly prevalent in today's society and has been associated with negative psychosocial and cognitive impacts. Individuals who engage in heavier media-multitasking are found to perform worse on cognitive control tasks and exhibit more socio-emotional difficulties. However, the neural processes associated with media multi-tasking remain unexplored. The present study investigated relationships between media multitasking activity and brain structure. Research has demonstrated that brain structure can be altered upon prolonged exposure to novel environments and experience. Thus, we expected differential engagements in media multitasking to correlate with brain structure variability. This was confirmed via Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses: Individuals with higher Media Multitasking Index (MMI) scores had smaller gray matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Functional connectivity between this ACC region and the precuneus was negatively associated with MMI. Our findings suggest a possible structural correlate for the observed decreased cognitive control performance and socio-emotional regulation in heavy media-multitaskers. While the cross-sectional nature of our study does not allow us to specify the direction of causality, our results brought to light novel associations between individual media multitasking behaviors and ACC structure differences.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Gray Matter', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Multimedia', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Regression Analysis', 'Young Adult']
| 25,250,778
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.500', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['J01.897.280.500.633', 'L01.178.820.090.633'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[ACTIVITY OF Ca2+,Mg(2+)-ATPase OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND CONTRACTION STRENGTH OF THE FROG SKELETAL MUSCLES UNDER THE EFFECT OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES].
|
The results of an experimental study of organophosphorus insecticides, including pirimiphosmethyl, diazinon and chlorpyrifos caused a decline of the contraction properties in m. tibialis anterior fiber bundles of Rana temporaria, as well as sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase enzymatic activity reduction are outlined in this paper. Concentration-dependent strengths response diminishing in isolated skeletal muscle fiber bundles as a result of non-cholinergic influence of organophosphorus insecticides were found. A decrease of Ca2+, Mg(2+)-ATPase enzymatic activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum was observed after administration of each insecticide. The most significant inhibition of this enzyme was observed when using chlorpyrifos.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase', 'Chlorpyrifos', 'Diazinon', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Assays', 'Female', 'Insecticides', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Organophosphates', 'Rana temporaria', 'Sarcoplasmic Reticulum', 'Tissue Culture Techniques']
| 26,547,965
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.095'], ['D02.705.400.625.100', 'D02.705.539.345.100', 'D02.886.300.692.100'], ['D02.705.400.625.200', 'D02.705.539.345.200', 'D02.886.300.692.200'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.427'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D02.705.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.420'], ['A10.690.552.500.500.850', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.248.310.800'], ['E05.481.500.617']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of 6,12-bis(amino)anthanthrene derivatives.
|
A series of 6,12-bis(amino) anthanthrene-based conjugated molecules were prepared and characterized using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The absorption spectra and redox potentials of these molecules can be modulated by changing the conjugated moieties linked at the 4 and 10 positions. Moreover, the optoelectronic properties of these derivatives strongly depend on the moieties attached to the nitrogen atoms at the 6 and 12 positions.
|
['Benzopyrans', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quantum Theory']
| 24,279,378
|
[['D03.383.663.283', 'D03.633.100.150'], ['E05.301'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['H01.671.579.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Discovery and in Vivo Evaluation of the Potent and Selective PI3Kä Inhibitors 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-6-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-0687) and 2-((1S)-1-((6-Amino-5-cyano-4-pyrimidinyl)amino)ethyl)-5-fluoro-N-methyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)-4-quinolinecarboxamide (AM-1430).
|
Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic profile of 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinoline, 4, led to the discovery of two potent, selective, and orally bioavailable PI3Kä inhibitors, 6a (AM-0687) and 7 (AM-1430). On the basis of their improved profile, these analogs were selected for in vivo pharmacodynamic (PD) and efficacy experiments in animal models of inflammation. The in vivo PD studies, which were carried out in a mouse pAKT inhibition animal model, confirmed the observed potency of 6a and 7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Efficacy experiments in a keyhole limpet hemocyanin model in rats demonstrated that administration of either 6a or 7 resulted in a strong dose-dependent reduction of IgG and IgM specific antibodies. The excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles of these analogs make them suitable for further development.
|
['Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Class Ia Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Discovery', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Pyridines', 'Quinolines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 27,411,843
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500.100.100.100', 'D08.811.913.696.620.500.200.100.100', 'D12.776.476.162.100'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.519.389.736'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pectenotoxin-2 seco acid: a toxin converted from pectenotoxin-2 by the New Zealand Greenshell mussel, Perna canaliculus.
|
Comparison of pectenotoxin (PTX) profiles of toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta, Greenshell mussels (Perna canaliculus) and Blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from Wedge Point, Queen Charlotte Sound, New Zealand was carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with turbo-ionspray ionization. Although the major PTX homologue in D. acuta was pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), both Greenshell and Blue mussels contained pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (PTX2SA) as the predominant toxin. More than 90% of PTX2 isolated from D. acuta was rapidly converted to PTX2SA and its epimer 7-epi-pectenotoxin-2 seco acid (7-epi-PTX2SA) in the Greenshell mussel extracts. The conversion from PTX2 to PTX2SA and 7-epi-PTX2SA was not observed in phosphate buffers at various pH ranging from 4.1 to 9.1. These findings indicate that PTX2SA and 7-epi-PTX2SA are not artifact toxins resulting from hydrolysis of PTX2, but arise from the conversion of PTX2 by mussel tissues.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Diarrhea', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mollusk Venoms', 'Shellfish Poisoning']
| 11,024,491
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D20.888.590', 'D23.946.580.590', 'D23.946.833.590'], ['C25.723.415.792']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Recovering root system traits using image analysis exemplified by two-dimensional neutron radiography images of lupine.
|
Root system traits are important in view of current challenges such as sustainable crop production with reduced fertilizer input or in resource-limited environments. We present a novel approach for recovering root architectural parameters based on image-analysis techniques. It is based on a graph representation of the segmented and skeletonized image of the root system, where individual roots are tracked in a fully automated way. Using a dynamic root architecture model for deciding whether a specific path in the graph is likely to represent a root helps to distinguish root overlaps from branches and favors the analysis of root development over a sequence of images. After the root tracking step, global traits such as topological characteristics as well as root architectural parameters are computed. Analysis of neutron radiographic root system images of lupine (Lupinus albus) grown in mesocosms filled with sandy soil results in a set of root architectural parameters. They are used to simulate the dynamic development of the root system and to compute the corresponding root length densities in the mesocosm. The graph representation of the root system provides global information about connectivity inside the graph. The underlying root growth model helps to determine which path inside the graph is most likely for a given root. This facilitates the systematic investigation of root architectural traits, in particular with respect to the parameterization of dynamic root architecture models.
|
['Algorithms', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Lupinus', 'Models, Biological', 'Neutrons', 'Plant Roots', 'Radiography', 'Soil', 'Zea mays']
| 24,218,493
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.571'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.249.660.250'], ['A18.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of wild and cultivated mint timija (Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija (Briq.) Harley), an endemic and threatened medicinal species in Morocco.
|
The hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from aerial parts of the wild (w) and cultivated (c) mint timija (Mentha suaveolens subsp. timija), an endemic medicinal species of Morocco, have been analyzed by GC-MS and screened for antimicrobial activity. In total, 35 compounds representing more than 98% of the oils were identified. Menthone (39.4(w)-10.8(c)%), pulegone (62.3(c)-34.3(w)%) and isomenthone (9.3(c)-7.8(w)%) were found as the main components for the two oils. The volatiles of the wild and cultivated material differed significantly in both the percentage of the main components and antimicrobial effect. Pulegone was more dominant in cultivated mint timija (62.3%) than in wild one (34.3%), while menthone was more abundant in the wild material (39.4%). In the antimicrobial assays, both oils displayed good to excellent activity against all microorganisms tested with the oil of the cultivated form being more active.
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Cyclohexane Monoterpenes', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Endangered Species', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Mentha', 'Menthol', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Monoterpenes', 'Morocco', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Plant Components, Aerial']
| 22,838,406
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.367.211', 'D02.455.849.575.157'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.483'], ['D02.033.415.510.500.605', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.211.750', 'D02.455.849.575.157.500', 'D10.289.510.500.605'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D02.455.849.575'], ['Z01.058.266.629'], ['D10.627.675'], ['A18.024']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Rapid speciation analysis of mercury in seawater and marine fish by cation exchange chromatography hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
|
In this work, a hybrid method for the rapid speciation of mercury compounds by cation exchange chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection is reported. Effective separation of inorganic mercury (Hg(2+)), methylmercury (MeHg), ethylmercury (EtHg) and phenylmercury (PhHg) within 2-2.5min was achieved on two consecutive 12.5-mm strong cation exchange guard columns with 2.0mM l-cysteine or thiourea (pH 2.0) as the mobile phase. This separation met the requirements of green analytical chemistry such as the prevention of toxic waste, safer HPLC mobile phases, and short separation times to reduce operating costs. The detection limits for Hg(2+), MeHg, EtHg and PhHg were 0.019, 0.027, 0.031 and 0.022ìgL(-1), each, and the repeatabilities of peak height and peak area (5.0ìgL(-1) for each Hg species) were all lower than 3%. Contents of Hg species and total mercury in certified reference materials of seawater (GBW(E) 080042) and fish tissue (GBW 10029) were in good accordance with the certified values, and satisfactory recoveries (96-102% for GBW(E) 080042 and 94-101% for GBW 10029) validated the developed method. The developed method was applied for the speciation of mercury in five seawater sample and five marine fish samples. The concentrations of mercury species in all analyzed fish samples did not exceed the permissible levels of the National Standard of China.
|
['Animals', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Fishes', 'Marine Biology', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Mercury', 'Seawater', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 24,063,982
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['H01.158.273.248.750.500', 'H01.277.249.750.500', 'H01.277.750.500'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Orthopedically induced condylar growth in a patient with hemifacial microsomia.
|
OBJECTIVE: Hemifacial microsomia is a congenital abnormality that causes three-dimensional facial asymmetry, affection of the dental occlusion, and failure of growth of the midface in the growing child. This report outlines orthopedically induced condylar growth in a patient with hemifacial microsomia.PATIENT: A 7-year-old girl with hemifacial microsomia, complete absence of the left mandibular condyle, and severe facial asymmetry was treated orthopedically in an early stage by means of a functional appliance. Functional therapy was instituted to stretch the deficient soft tissues to guide and promote skeletal growth and stimulate the affected areas. The treatment was completed with fixed appliances.RESULTS: The effect of the therapy was an excessive change in condylar growth in the affected side. Facial asymmetry was corrected and a symmetric mouth opening was established.CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of patients with hemifacial microsomia should be initiated early enough so that the stimulus could in some degree normalize the deficient tissues and induce bone apposition, and in some cases surgical intervention could be avoided.
|
['Activator Appliances', 'Cephalometry', 'Child', 'Facial Asymmetry', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Malocclusion, Angle Class II', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Orthodontic Appliance Design', 'Osteogenesis']
| 14,577,808
|
[['E06.658.453.560.100', 'E06.658.453.578.100'], ['E01.370.600.024.250', 'E05.041.250', 'N06.850.505.200.100.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.300.505'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.793.494.630'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['E05.320.274', 'E06.658.450', 'E06.912.675'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CA1 pyramid-pyramid connections in rat hippocampus in vitro: dual intracellular recordings with biocytin filling.
|
In adult rat hippocampus, simultaneous intracellular recordings from 989 pairs of CA1 pyramidal cells revealed nine monosynaptic, excitatory connections. Six of these pairs were sufficiently stable for electrophysiological analysis. Mean excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude recorded at a postsynaptic membrane potential between -67 and -70 mV was 0.7 +/- 0.5 mV (0.17-1.5 mV), mean 10-90% rise time was 2.7 +/- 0.9 ms (1.5-3.8 ms) and mean width at half-amplitude was 16.8 +/- 4.1 ms (11.6-25 ms). Cells were labelled with biocytin and identified histologically. For one pair that was fully reconstructed morphologically, excitatory postsynaptic potential average amplitude was 1.5 mV, 10-90% rise time 2.8 ms and width at half-amplitude 11.6 ms (at -67 mV). In this pair, correlated light and electron microscopy revealed that the presynaptic axon formed two synaptic contacts with third-order basal dendrites of the postsynaptic pyramid, one with a dendritic spine, the other with a dendritic shaft. In the four pairs tested, postsynaptic depolarization increased excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude and duration. In two, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (50 microM) reduced the amplitude and duration of the excitatory postsynaptic potential. The remainder of the excitatory postsynaptic potential now increased with postsynaptic hyperpolarization and was abolished by 20 microM 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (n = 1). Paired-pulse depression was evident in the four excitatory postsynaptic potentials tested. This depression decreased with increasing inter-spike interval. These results provide the first combined electrophysiological and morphological illustration of synaptic contacts between pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and confirm that connections between CA1 pyramidal neurons are mediated by both N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate/kainate receptors.
|
['2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate', 'Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists', 'Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists', 'Hippocampus', 'Lysine', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'N-Methylaspartate', 'Pyramidal Cells', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate', 'Synapses']
| 8,895,869
|
[['D12.125.070.950.100', 'D12.125.740.025'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.200', 'D27.505.696.577.190.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.190.300', 'D27.505.696.577.190.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.125.067.500.400', 'D12.125.119.170.400'], ['A08.675.790', 'A11.671.790'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.500', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.500'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of Alzheimer's disease progression based on clinical dementia rating scale with missing responses and covariates.
|
In clinical trials, patient's disease severity is usually assessed on a Likert-type scale. Patients, however, may miss one or more follow-up visits (non-monotone missing). The statistical analysis of non-Gaussian longitudinal data with non-monotone missingness is difficult to handle, particularly when both response and time-dependent covariates are subject to such missingness. Even when the number of patients with intermittent missing data is small, ignoring those patients from analysis seems to be unsatisfactory. The focus of the current investigation is to study the progression of Alzheimer's disease by incorporating a non-ignorable missing data mechanism for both response and covariates in a longitudinal setup. Combining the cumulative logit longitudinal model for Alzheimer's disease progression with the bivariate binary model for the missing pattern, we develop a joint likelihood. The parameters are then estimated using the Monte Carlo Newton Raphson Expectation Maximization (MCNREM) method. This approach is quite easy to handle and the convergence of the estimates is attained in a reasonable amount of time. The study reveals that apolipo-protein plays a significant role in assessing a patient's disease severity. A detailed simulation has also been carried out for justifying the performance of our approach.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Dementia', 'Disease Progression', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Mental Status and Dementia Tests', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Organ Size', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 29,173,033
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F04.711.513.603'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Association between the -174 G/C polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene and myocardial infarction risk: a meta-analysis.
|
Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the -174 G/C polymorphism in the interleukin-6 gene (IL6) and myocardial infarction (MI) risk. However, the results from the published studies are inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether the IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism is associated with MI risk. A meta-analysis based on nine case-control studies was performed to address this issue. No significant associations between IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism and MI risk were observed in any of the genetic models (CC vs GG: OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.92-1.52; CG vs GG: OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 0.93-1.27; dominant model: OR = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.94-1.31; recessive model: OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.91-1.33). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis by ethnicity did not reveal a significant association between the IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism and susceptibility to MI in Caucasians. In conclusion, the results indicate that the IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism does not contribute to MI risk.
|
['Alleles', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Ethnic Groups', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors']
| 27,706,582
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical effect of the extract of TCM Fructus akebiae combined with ursodeoxycholic acid on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
|
.Fructus akebiae extract (FAE) is a commonly used drug in the clinical treatment of liver cancer. FAE has many pharmacological activities, such as liver protection, anti-tumor, spasmolysis, pain relief and antifungal activity. Its clinical application is extensive, so far no toxic reports have been reported, and new drugs can be developed. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effect of predictor extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 180 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and the experimental group was treated with Fructus akebiae extract combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. The results showed that the comprehensive clinical efficacy of the treatment group was 95.56%, which was higher than that of the control group (93.33%), and P < 0.01. In the experimental group, 63 cases (70%) were improved after one course of treatment, main symptom score as (5.09 ±3.98), body mass index as (24.65±3.86), and liver CT value increased. It can be seen that the addition of FAE can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and serum biochemical indicators such as ALT, AST, TG and TC in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is supported by some histological evidence. These findings suggest that FAE combined with Ursodeoxycholic Acid is safe and effective in the treatment of fatty liver.
|
['Cholagogues and Choleretics', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']
| 30,852,481
|
[['D27.505.954.483.508'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['D04.210.500.105.225.272.962', 'D04.210.500.221.430.342.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
HLA alleles, especially amino-acid signatures of HLA-DPB1, might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of early-onset autoimmune thyroid disease.
|
The major histocompatibility complex region has been suggested to play an important role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). In this study, we investigated the associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and amino acid variants of HLA with early-onset AITD. HLA class I and class II genes were analyzed in 116 Korean children with AITDs (Graves' disease [GD]: 71, Hashimoto's disease [HD]: 45) and 142 healthy controls. HLA-B*46:01 (OR = 3.96, Pc = 0.008), -C*01:02 (OR = 2.51 Pc = 0.04), -DPB1*02:02 (OR = 3.99, Pc = 0.04), and -DPB1*05:01 (OR = 4.6, Pc = 0.003) were significantly associated with GD, and HLA-A*02:07 (OR = 4.68, Pc = 0.045) and -DPB1*02:02 (OR = 6.57, Pc = 0.0001) with HD. The frequency of HLA-DPB1*05:01 was significantly higher in GD patients than in HD patients (Pc = 0.0005). Furthermore, differences were found between patients with Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and those without TAO in the distribution of HLA-B*54:01 (8.6% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.04) and -C*03:03 (37.1% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.02). In the analysis of amino acid variants of HLA molecules, both Leu35 (OR = 23.38, P = 0.0002) and Glu55 (OR = 23.38, P = 0.0002) of HLA-DPB1 were strongly associated with GD and showed different distributions between GD and HD (P = 0.001). Our results suggest that HLA alleles, especially amino-acid signatures of the HLA-DP â chain, might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of early-onset AITD.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age of Onset', 'Alleles', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Graves Disease', 'HLA-DP beta-Chains', 'Haplotypes', 'Hashimoto Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic']
| 31,091,281
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.420.750', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.420.750', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.420.750', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.420.750', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.420.750', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.420.750'], ['G05.380.360'], ['C19.874.871.102.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.795']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Functional characterization of two members of histidine phosphatase superfamily in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
|
BACKGROUND: Functional characterization of genes in important pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is imperative. Rv2135c, which was originally annotated as conserved hypothetical, has been found to be associated with membrane protein fractions of H37Rv strain. The gene appears to contain histidine phosphatase motif common to both cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutases and acid phosphatases in the histidine phosphatase superfamily. The functions of many of the members of this superfamily are annotated based only on similarity to known proteins using automatic annotation systems, which can be erroneous. In addition, the motif at the N-terminal of Rv2135c is 'RHA' unlike 'RHG' found in most members of histidine phosphatase superfamily. These necessitate the need for its experimental characterization. The crystal structure of Rv0489, another member of the histidine phosphatase superfamily in M. tuberculosis, has been previously reported. However, its biochemical characteristics remain unknown. In this study, Rv2135c and Rv0489 from M. tuberculosis were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli with 6 histidine residues tagged at the C terminal.RESULTS: Characterization of the purified recombinant proteins revealed that Rv0489 possesses phosphoglycerate mutase activity while Rv2135c does not. However Rv2135c has an acid phosphatase activity with optimal pH of 5.8. Kinetic parameters of Rv2135c and Rv0489 are studied, confirming that Rv0489 is a cofactor dependent phosphoglycerate mutase of M. tuberculosis. Additional characterization showed that Rv2135c exists as a tetramer while Rv0489 as a dimer in solution.CONCLUSION: Most of the proteins orthologous to Rv2135c in other bacteria are annotated as phosphoglycerate mutases or hypothetical proteins. It is possible that they are actually phosphatases. Experimental characterization of a sufficiently large number of bacterial histidine phosphatases will increase the accuracy of the automatic annotation systems towards a better understanding of this important group of enzymes.
|
['Cloning, Molecular', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Histidine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 24,330,471
|
[['E05.393.220'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.125.072.329', 'D12.125.142.308'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endocytic collagen degradation: a novel mechanism involved in protection against liver fibrosis.
|
Fibrosis of the liver and its end-stage, cirrhosis, represent major health problems worldwide. In these fibrotic conditions, activated fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells display a net deposition of collagen. This collagen deposition is a major factor leading to liver dysfunction, thus making it crucially important to understand both the collagen synthesis and turnover mechanisms in this condition. Here we show that the endocytic collagen receptor, uPARAP/Endo180, is a major determinant in governing the balance between collagen deposition and degradation. Cirrhotic human livers displayed a marked up-regulation of uPARAP/Endo180 in activated fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells located close to the collagen deposits. In a hepatic stellate cell line, uPARAP/Endo180 was shown to be active in, and required for, the uptake and intracellular degradation of collagen. To evaluate the functional importance of this collagen receptor in vivo, liver fibrosis was induced in uPARAP/Endo180-deficient mice and littermate wild-type mice by chronic CCl(4) administration. A strong up-regulation of uPARAP/Endo180 was observed in wild-type mice, and a quantitative comparison of collagen deposits in the two groups of mice clearly revealed a fibrosis protective role of uPARAP/Endo180. This effect appeared to directly reflect the activity of the collagen receptor, since no compensatory events were noted when comparing the mRNA expression profiles of the two groups of mice in an array system focused on matrix-degrading components. This function of uPARAP/Endo180 defines a novel role of intracellular collagen turnover in fibrosis protection.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Blocking', 'Cell Line', 'Collagen', 'Endocytosis', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Hepatic Stellate Cells', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Up-Regulation']
| 22,294,280
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.143', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.143', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.143'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['G04.417'], ['A11.329.228'], ['A11.561'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630.467', 'C23.550.355.412.467', 'E05.598.500.468'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Microglandular adenosis or microglandular adenoma? A molecular genetic analysis of a case associated with atypia and invasive carcinoma.
|
AIMS: Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare breast lesion, which has long been considered to be hyperplastic. However, atypical forms of MGA (AMGA) and invasive carcinomas arising in the background of MGA are recorded. Recent studies have suggested that MGA may be a non-obligate precursor of invasive carcinomas that are negative for hormone receptors and lack HER-2 overexpression (triple-negative phenotype). The aim of this study was to determine whether MGA is clonal and whether it harbours chromosomal aberrations similar to those found in matched invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST).METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on a case comprising MGA, AMGA and a high-grade IDC-NST. The three components were separately microdissected and subjected to genetic analysis with high-resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridisation. Identical genetic changes were detected in all components with subsequent acquisition of additional genetic aberrations in the invasive component, suggesting that MGA was the substrate for the development of the invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed concordant profiles across all components, characterized by triple-negative phenotype and variable positivity for basal markers.CONCLUSIONS: Similar to adenomas, MGA is, at least in some cases, a clonal lesion and may be a non-obligate precursor of a subgroup of high-grade triple-negative and basal-like breast carcinomas.
|
['Adenoma', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fibrocystic Breast Disease', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis']
| 19,922,592
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.101.140'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.232.500', 'C04.557.470.615.132.500', 'C04.588.180.390', 'C17.800.090.500.390'], ['E01.171'], ['C17.800.090.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of rat bradykinin B2 receptor gene.
|
The bradykinin B2 receptor mediates the effect of kinin. In order to understand the structure and regulation of its expression, we have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the rat bradykinin B2 receptor and its 5' flanking region from a rat genomic library. The B2 receptor gene spans 7.3 kb in length and contains three exons which are separated by two introns. It encodes a peptide of 366 amino acids. The transcription initiation site was mapped by the primer extension assay. A variant TATA box sequence, an IL-6 response element and a cAMP response element were identified in the 5' flanking region of the rat bradykinin B2 receptor gene.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Probes', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Genomic Library', 'Kinins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Bradykinin', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 8,086,459
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['D12.644.276.812', 'D12.776.467.812', 'D23.469.050.375', 'D23.529.812'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.080', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.220', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.220'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The evolution of metabolic networks of E. coli.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of numerous complete genome sequences from E. coli strains, published genome-scale metabolic models exist only for two commensal E. coli strains. These models have proven useful for many applications, such as engineering strains for desired product formation, and we sought to explore how constructing and evaluating additional metabolic models for E. coli strains could enhance these efforts.RESULTS: We used the genomic information from 16 E. coli strains to generate an E. coli pangenome metabolic network by evaluating their collective 76,990 ORFs. Each of these ORFs was assigned to one of 17,647 ortholog groups including ORFs associated with reactions in the most recent metabolic model for E. coli K-12. For orthologous groups that contain an ORF already represented in the MG1655 model, the gene to protein to reaction associations represented in this model could then be easily propagated to other E. coli strain models. All remaining orthologous groups were evaluated to see if new metabolic reactions could be added to generate a pangenome-scale metabolic model (iEco1712_pan). The pangenome model included reactions from a metabolic model update for E. coli K-12 MG1655 (iEco1339_MG1655) and enabled development of five additional strain-specific genome-scale metabolic models. These additional models include a second K-12 strain (iEco1335_W3110) and four pathogenic strains (two enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 and two uropathogens). When compared to the E. coli K-12 models, the metabolic models for the enterohemorrhagic (iEco1344_EDL933 and iEco1345_Sakai) and uropathogenic strains (iEco1288_CFT073 and iEco1301_UTI89) contained numerous lineage-specific gene and reaction differences. All six E. coli models were evaluated by comparing model predictions to carbon source utilization measurements under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and to batch growth profiles in minimal media with 0.2% (w/v) glucose. An ancestral genome-scale metabolic model based on conserved ortholog groups in all 16 E. coli genomes was also constructed, reflecting the conserved ancestral core of E. coli metabolism (iEco1053_core). Comparative analysis of all six strain-specific E. coli models revealed that some of the pathogenic E. coli strains possess reactions in their metabolic networks enabling higher biomass yields on glucose. Finally the lineage-specific metabolic traits were compared to the ancestral core model predictions to derive new insight into the evolution of metabolism within this species.CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that a pangenome-scale metabolic model can be used to rapidly construct additional E. coli strain-specific models, and that quantitative models of different strains of E. coli can accurately predict strain-specific phenotypes. Such pangenome and strain-specific models can be further used to engineer metabolic phenotypes of interest, such as designing new industrial E. coli strains.
|
['Escherichia coli', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Models, Biological', 'Phylogeny', 'Salmonella']
| 22,044,664
|
[['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G03.493'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B03.440.450.425.800', 'B03.660.250.150.710']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Specific association of HLA-DR4 with increased prevalence and level of insulin autoantibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with type I diabetes.
|
First-degree relatives of patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes (n = 264 from 106 families) were evaluated with HLA typing and determination of competitive insulin autoantibodies (CIAAs) and islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs). The levels of CIAAs in 30 relatives exceeded our upper limit of normal (greater than or equal to 39 nU/ml), and 30 had high-titer ICAs (greater than or equal to 40 Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units [JDF U]). Eleven of the HLA-typed relatives developed diabetes during follow-up. Twenty-three percent (28 of 123) of the relatives with at least one HLA-DR4 allele were CIAA+ (CIAA greater than or equal to 39 nU/ml) versus 4% (6 of 141) among DR4- relatives (P less than 0.0001). Twenty-one of 22 of the highest CIAA values were all in the DR4+ group (DR4+ vs. DR4-, P = 0.003, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test). HLA-DR3 did not correlate with the level of CIAAs, and neither DR3 nor DR4 correlated with titer of ICAs measured in JDF U. We conclude that, in first-degree relatives of patients with type I diabetes, there is a striking association with HLA-DR4 in both the prevalence of relatives exceeding the normal CIAA range and in the level of CIAAs. These data suggest that a gene on HLA-DR4 haplotypes contributes to the level of anti-insulin autoimmunity, and we hypothesize that DR4-associated diabetes susceptibility, distinct from DR3-associated susceptibility, may be secondary to this influence.
|
['Autoantibodies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Family', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'HLA-DR3 Antigen', 'HLA-DR4 Antigen', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Insulin Antibodies', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Nuclear Family', 'Pedigree', 'Prevalence']
| 2,040,387
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.030', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.875', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.030', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.875'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440.400.040', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440.400.040', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440.400.040', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440.389.937', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440.389.040', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440.389.937'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.656', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.656', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.656'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['F01.829.263.500', 'I01.880.853.150.500'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Screening and identification of the nucleic acid aptamers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
|
To screen the nucleic acid aptamers of the EB virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, we used SELEX technology and synthesized in vitro a 78-nucleotide random DNA library. We used normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells and EB virus-positive low differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells as target to conduct 10 cycles of screening, cloning, sequencing, and identification of the aptamers. The fluorescence produced by the combination of the sub-library and the target cells gained intensity gradually with the increase in the number of screening cycles, indicating elevated binding capacity. The cluster analysis showed that the aptamers can be divided into three families, with two of the families having the common conserved sequence. In this study, by screening nucleic acid aptamers for affinity and specificity, we established an initial aptamer library for EB virus-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
|
['Aptamers, Nucleotide', 'Base Sequence', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Epstein-Barr Virus Infections', 'Gene Library', 'Herpesvirus 4, Human', 'Humans', 'Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'SELEX Aptamer Technique', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 24,391,032
|
[['D13.695.578.424.224'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C01.925.256.466.313', 'C01.925.928.313'], ['G05.360.325'], ['B04.280.210.400.500.450', 'B04.280.382.400.500.400', 'B04.613.204.500.500.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.200.623', 'C04.588.443.665.710.650.500', 'C07.550.350.650.500', 'C07.550.745.650.500', 'C09.647.710.650.500', 'C09.775.350.650.500', 'C09.775.549.650.500'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['E05.197.312.500', 'J01.897.836.249.249.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diabetes and Overall Survival among Breast Cancer Patients in the U.S. Military Health System.
|
Background: Although research suggests that type II diabetes mellitus (DM-2) is associated with overall and breast cancer-specific decreased survival, most prior studies of breast cancer survival investigated the effect of preexisting DM-2 without assessing the effect of DM-2 diagnosed at or after breast cancer diagnosis. This study examined the relationship between DM-2 diagnosed before and after breast cancer diagnosis and overall survival.Methods: This study uses linked Department of Defense cancer registry and medical claims data from 9,398 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1998 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between DM-2 and overall survival.Results: Our analyses showed that women with DM-2 diagnosed before breast cancer diagnosis tended to have a higher risk of mortality compared with women without diabetes [HR = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-1.44] after adjustment for potential confounders. Similarly, patients diagnosed with DM-2 at or after breast cancer diagnosis had increased mortality compared with women without DM-2 (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.16-1.66). The similar tendency was also observed among most subgroups when results were stratified by race, menopausal status, obesity, tumor hormone receptor status, and stage.Conclusions: Using data from a health system that provides universal health care to its beneficiaries, this study showed an increased risk of death associated with DM-2, regardless of whether it was diagnosed before or at/after breast cancer diagnosis.Impact: These results suggest the potential effects of factors independent of the timing of DM-2 clinical diagnosis on the association of DM-2 with overall survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(1); 50-57. ©2017 AACR.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Military Personnel', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Registries', 'United States']
| 29,097,445
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.625'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
ncd and kinesin motor domains interact with both alpha- and beta-tubulin.
|
Motor domains of the Drosophila minus-end-directed microtubule (MT) motor protein ncd, were found to saturate microtubule binding sites at a stoichiometry of approximately one motor domain per tubulin dimer. To determine the tubulin subunit(s) involved in binding to ncd, mixtures of ncd motor domain and MTs were treated with the zero-length cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl-carbodiimide) (EDC). EDC treatment generated covalently cross-linked products of ncd and alpha-tubulin and of ncd and beta-tubulin, indicating that the ncd motor domain interacts with both alpha- and beta-tubulin. When the Drosophila kinesin motor domain protein was substituted for the ncd motor domain, cross-linked products of kinesin and alpha-tubulin and of kinesin and beta-tubulin were produced. EDC treatment of mixtures of ncd motor domain and unassembled tubulin dimers or of kinesin motor domain and unassembled tubulin dimers produced the same motor-tubulin products generated in the presence of MTs. These results indicate that kinesin family motors of opposite polarity interact with both tubulin monomers and support a model in which some portion of each protein's motor domain overlaps adjacent alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Drosophila', 'Drosophila Proteins', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide', 'Kinesin', 'Kinetics', 'Microtubule Proteins', 'Protein Binding', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Tubulin']
| 7,597,061
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D12.776.093.500.462'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D02.491.203.425'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.193.500', 'D12.776.220.600.450.450', 'D12.776.631.560.450'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D05.750.078.734', 'D12.776.220.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Co-morbidity: exploring the clinical overlap between pneumonia and diarrhoea in a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
|
BACKGROUND: There is limited information on risk factors for pneumonia and pneumonia-related deaths in children who also have diarrhoea.AIM: To identify risk factors for the above in order to improve strategies for case management and to develop appropriate public health messages.METHODS: All children under 5 years of age admitted to the Special Care Ward, Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B) from 1 September to 31 December 2007 were considered for enrollment if they also had diarrhoea. Of the 258 children with diarrhoea enrolled, those with (n=198) or without (n=60) WHO-defined pneumonia constituted the pneumonia and comparison groups, respectively. Among the 198 children with pneumonia, children who survived (n=174) were compared with those who died in hospital (n=24).RESULTS: After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, including low levels of literacy of either parent, low household income, not having a window or exhaust fan in the kitchen, household smoking and over-crowding, children with pneumonia were more likely to sleep on a bare wooden-slatted or bamboo bed (OR 2·7, 95% CI 1·40-5·21, p = 0·003) than on other bedding, and were also more likely to have a parent/care-giver with poor knowledge of pneumonia (OR 1·94, 95% CI 1·02-3·70, p=0·043). Independent risk factors for death include severe underweight (OR 5·2, 95% CI 1·2-22·0, p=0·03), hypoxaemia (OR 17·5, 95% CI I 1·9-160·0, p=0·01), severe sepsis (OR 8·7, 95% CI I 1·8-41·5, p=0·007) and lobar consolidation (OR 11·9, 95% CI 2·3-61·6, p=0·003).CONCLUSIONS: Increased public awareness of signs of pneumonia and severe sepsis in children under 5 is important to mitigate the risks of pneumonia and pneumonia-related deaths, and the importance of appropriate bedding for young children in reducing the risk of pneumonia needs to be addressed.
|
['Bangladesh', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Diarrhea', 'Female', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pneumonia', 'Prospective Studies']
| 22,041,465
|
[['Z01.252.245.131'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
ENALAPRIL EFFECT ON THE STATE OF NITROGEN OXIDE SYSTEM AND PROOXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT BALANCE IN BRAIN UNDER CONDITIONS OF BLOCKADE OF CENTRAL CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM.
|
One of the most important medical-social issues today is the search for new pathogenic directions in pharmacological prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. Objective: to investigate enalapril effect on the indices of the nitrogen oxide system and prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus under conditions of experimental cerebral neurodegeneration. The state of the nitrogen oxide system and prooxidant-antioxidant balance is investigated in the experiment on male rats with scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration (1 mg/kg, 27 days) after enalapril administration in the dose of 1 mg/kg (14 days). Analysis of the obtained data enabled to describe a possible mechanism of enalapril neuroprotective action. It is manifested in decrease of NO2 concentration (1,4 times in both examined structures) and NOS activity (1,6 times in the hippocampus), which is indicative of an increased synthesis of NO as endothelial vasodilator. Correspondingly, a modulating effect on NO system and prooxidant-antioxidant balance (the content of products reacting with 2-thiobarbituric acid 1,1 times decreased in the cerebral cortex, and 1,3 times in the hippocampus compared with untreated rats; catalase activity in the cerebral cortex did not differ reliably from that of the index in the control group, and 1,4 times increased compared with untreated rats) can be considered as constituent mechanisms of enalapril neuroprotective effect under conditions of experimental scopolamine-induced neurodegeneration.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cholinergic Agents', 'Enalapril', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Neurodegenerative Diseases', 'Nitrogen Oxides', 'Rats', 'Scopolamine']
| 30,958,304
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.120', 'D27.505.696.577.120'], ['D12.644.456.345.360'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['C10.574'], ['D01.362.635', 'D01.625.550', 'D01.650.550.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.145.074.722.822.775', 'D03.132.760.180.848', 'D03.132.889.601.775', 'D03.605.084.500.722.822.775', 'D03.605.869.822.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Monoclonal and oligoclonal gammopathies in heart-transplant recipients.
|
Immunoglobulin abnormalities in serum from 76 heart-transplant recipients were examined by cellulose acetate and agarose gel electrophoresis. Monoclonal components were typed by immunofixation. IgG, IgA, and IgM and total kappa and lambda light chains were quantified by immunonephelometry. We confirm that both monoclonal and oligoclonal immunoglobulin banding are common in serum from these patients. Of the 149 serum samples examined, 21 (15%) had one monoclonal component and 53 (35%) had two or more. These monoclonal immunoglobulins were generally present at a low concentration and were transient. The class of immunoglobulins most commonly involved was IgG (about sevenfold more numerous than IgM); monoclonal IgA components and free light chains were not detected. The nephelometric kappa/lambda and heavy chain/light chain ratios were poor indicators of these abnormalities. Immunoglobulin abnormalities were not correlated with the sex and age of recipients, the pre-existing cardiopathy, the time since transplantation, or plasma concentrations of cyclosporine, but did correlate with plasma immunoglobulin concentration, biopsy findings, and viral infections, especially cytomegalovirus (CMV). A monoclonal IgG purified from a patient with a high titer of anti-CMV antibodies did not react with CMV antigens. The origin of these immunoglobulin abnormalities is unclear. Our data suggest that the presence of monoclonal or oligoclonal banding in heart-transplant recipients is of limited prognostic significance.
|
['Adult', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate', 'Female', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains', 'Immunoglobulin Light Chains', 'Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains', 'Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Paraproteinemias']
| 1,907,894
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['E05.196.401.200', 'E05.301.300.200'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.530', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.530', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.530'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.705.750.550', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.750.550', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.750.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.147.780', 'C20.683.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increase in extracellular glutamate caused by reduced cerebral perfusion pressure and seizures after human traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study.
|
OBJECT: To determine the extent and duration of change in extracellular glutamate levels after human traumatic brain injury (TBI), 17 severely brain injured adults underwent implantation of a cerebral microdialysis probe and systematic sampling was conducted for 1 to 9 days postinjury.METHODS: A total of 772 hourly microdialysis samples were obtained in 17 patients (median Glasgow Coma Scale score 5+/-2.5, mean age 39.4+/-20.4 years). The mean (+/-standard deviation) glutamate levels in the dialysate were evaluated for 9 days, during which the mean peak concentration reached 25.4+/-13.7 microM on postinjury Day 3. In each patient transient elevations in glutamate were seen each day. However, these elevations were most commonly seen on Day 3. In all patients there was a mean of 4.5+/-2.5 transient elevations in glutamate lasting a mean duration of 4.4+/-4.9 hours. These increases were seen in conjunction with seizure activity. However, in many seizure-free patients the increase in extracellular glutamate occurred when cerebral perfusion pressure was less than 70 mm Hg (p < 0.001). Given the potential injury-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and metabolism after TBI, these increases in extracellular glutamate may reflect a degree of enhanced cellular crisis, which in severe head injury in humans appears to last up to 9 days.CONCLUSIONS: Extracellular neurochemical measurements of excitatory amino acids may provide a marker for secondary insults that can compound human TBI.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Brain Injuries', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Extracellular Space', 'Female', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microdialysis', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 9,833,824
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.353.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C26']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Openness of patients' reporting with use of electronic records: psychiatric clinicians' views.
|
OBJECTIVES: Improvements in electronic health record (EHR) system development will require an understanding of psychiatric clinicians' views on EHR system acceptability, including effects on psychotherapy communications, data-recording behaviors, data accessibility versus security and privacy, data quality and clarity, communications with medical colleagues, and stigma.DESIGN: Multidisciplinary development of a survey instrument targeting psychiatric clinicians who recently switched to EHR system use, focus group testing, data analysis, and data reliability testing.MEASUREMENTS: Survey of 120 university-based, outpatient mental health clinicians, with 56 (47%) responding, conducted 18 months after transition from a paper to an EHR system.RESULTS: Factor analysis gave nine item groupings that overlapped strongly with five a priori domains. Respondents both praised and criticized the EHR system. A strong majority (81%) felt that open therapeutic communications were preserved. Regarding data quality, content, and privacy, clinicians (63%) were less willing to record highly confidential information and disagreed (83%) with including their own psychiatric records among routinely accessed EHR systems.LIMITATIONS: single time point; single academic medical center clinic setting; modest sample size; lack of prior instrument validation; survey conducted in 2005.CONCLUSIONS: In an academic medical center clinic, the presence of electronic records was not seen as a dramatic impediment to therapeutic communications. Concerns regarding privacy and data security were significant, and may contribute to reluctances to adopt electronic records in other settings. Further study of clinicians' views and use patterns may be helpful in guiding development and deployment of electronic records systems.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Computer Security', 'Confidentiality', 'Disclosure', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Middle Aged', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Psychiatry', 'Psychotherapeutic Processes', 'Tennessee']
| 20,064,802
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['L01.224.134', 'N04.452.910.200'], ['F04.096.544.335.240', 'I01.880.604.473.650.500', 'I01.880.604.583.080', 'N03.706.437.650.124', 'N03.706.535.230'], ['F01.829.401.046', 'I01.880.604.583.080.134', 'L01.143.335'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['F04.096.544', 'H02.403.690'], ['F04.754.720'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Chromosomal localization of the major and 5S rRNA genes in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).
|
The major (18S, 5.8S, and 28S) and 5S rRNA genes have been mapped by double fluorescent in situ hybridization to European eel metaphase chromosomes. The major rRNA genes were localized to a submetacentric pair of chromosomes that showed a consistent size polymorphism among the individuals studied. The 5S rRNA genes were clustered in a single locus that mapped to the centromeric region of an acrocentric pair. In contrast to the major rRNA genes, no detectable polymorphism, in either size or intensity of the fluorescent signal, was observed. The chromosomal organization of both families of rRNA genes are discussed in terms of genomic organization and chromosomal evolution.
|
['Anguilla', 'Animals', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA, Ribosomal', 'Genes', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Lymphocytes', 'Metaphase', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 18S', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 28S', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 5S']
| 8,646,885
|
[['B01.050.150.900.493.338.282'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.393.183'], ['D13.444.308.475'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['D13.444.735.686.675'], ['D13.444.735.686.690'], ['D13.444.735.686.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Application of a deep learning algorithm for detection and visualization of hip fractures on plain pelvic radiographs.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify the feasibility of using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for the detection and localization of hip fractures on plain frontal pelvic radiographs (PXRs). Hip fracture is a leading worldwide health problem for the elderly. A missed diagnosis of hip fracture on radiography leads to a dismal prognosis. The application of a DCNN to PXRs can potentially improve the accuracy and efficiency of hip fracture diagnosis.METHODS: A DCNN was pretrained using 25,505 limb radiographs between January 2012 and December 2017. It was retrained using 3605 PXRs between August 2008 and December 2016. The accuracy, sensitivity, false-negative rate, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated on 100 independent PXRs acquired during 2017. The authors also used the visualization algorithm gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to confirm the validity of the model.RESULTS: The algorithm achieved an accuracy of 91%, a sensitivity of 98%, a false-negative rate of 2%, and an AUC of 0.98 for identifying hip fractures. The visualization algorithm showed an accuracy of 95.9% for lesion identification.CONCLUSIONS: A DCNN not only detected hip fractures on PXRs with a low false-negative rate but also had high accuracy for localizing fracture lesions. The DCNN might be an efficient and economical model to help clinicians make a diagnosis without interrupting the current clinical pathway.KEY POINTS: • Automated detection of hip fractures on frontal pelvic radiographs may facilitate emergent screening and evaluation efforts for primary physicians. • Good visualization of the fracture site by Grad-CAM enables the rapid integration of this tool into the current medical system. • The feasibility and efficiency of utilizing a deep neural network have been confirmed for the screening of hip fractures.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Deep Learning', 'False Negative Reactions', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiography, Abdominal', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 30,937,588
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C26.404.061.425', 'C26.531.750', 'C26.558.276.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.158.600.680', 'E01.370.350.350.700', 'E01.370.350.700.705', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600.680'], ['E01.370.350.700.715'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Productivity and salinity structuring of the microplankton revealed by comparative freshwater metagenomics.
|
Little is known about the diversity and structuring of freshwater microbial communities beyond the patterns revealed by tracing their distribution in the landscape with common taxonomic markers such as the ribosomal RNA. To address this gap in knowledge, metagenomes from temperate lakes were compared to selected marine metagenomes. Taxonomic analyses of rRNA genes in these freshwater metagenomes confirm the previously reported dominance of a limited subset of uncultured lineages of freshwater bacteria, whereas Archaea were rare. Diversification into marine and freshwater microbial lineages was also reflected in phylogenies of functional genes, and there were also significant differences in functional beta-diversity. The pathways and functions that accounted for these differences are involved in osmoregulation, active transport, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Moreover, predicted genes orthologous to active transporters and recalcitrant organic matter degradation were more common in microbial genomes from oligotrophic versus eutrophic lakes. This comparative metagenomic analysis allowed us to formulate a general hypothesis that oceanic- compared with freshwater-dwelling microorganisms, invest more in metabolism of amino acids and that strategies of carbohydrate metabolism differ significantly between marine and freshwater microbial communities.
|
['Archaea', 'Bacteria', 'Data Mining', 'Fresh Water', 'Lakes', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Metagenome', 'Metagenomics', 'Molecular Sequence Annotation', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Salinity', 'Seawater', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 24,118,837
|
[['B02'], ['B03'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G01.311.580', 'G16.500.275.280.500', 'N06.230.232.500'], ['G03.493'], ['G05.360.340.550'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['E05.393.760.479', 'L01.453.245.667.580'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['G02.640.500'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Preoperative templating before spinal fusion using a fluoroscopic multiplanar imaging system is as accurate as CT scan and uses substantially less radiation.
|
BACKGROUND: Many surgeons utilize preoperative multiplanar imaging for surgical planning before fusion surgery using pedicle screw instrumentation. Computed tomographic (CT) scan is often used but limited by non-weight-bearing images and high-ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to compare pedicle length and width measurements using a multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging system and CT with gross measurements to validate the accuracy of multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging and compare relative radiation exposure between techniques.METHODS: Thirteen intact cadaveric lumbar spine segments were imaged using multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging and conventional CT scan using a low-dose pediatric protocol. At each level and each imaging modality, the 26 pedicles were measured digitally for width and pedicle screw length in accordance with typical presurgical planning procedures. All images were independently measured by 3 observers. After measurement, the specimens were sectioned using a microsurgical saw to facilitate anatomic measurements using calipers. Measurements of the multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging and CT were compared with direct anatomic measurements to quantitate and compare measurement accuracy of CT and fluoroscopic imaging. At the time of image acquisition, radiation exposure from each modality was quantified to allow for comparison of radiation exposures.RESULTS: CT and multiplanar fluoroscopy had similar agreement with gross measurements with respect to pedicle width and length, with ê values for comparison of CT and fluoroscopy with gross measurements falling between 0.61 and 0.73. Both modalities underestimated pedicle width (by 1.9 mm for both modalities) and length (5.5 mm for CT, 6.6 mm for fluoroscopy). Interobserver reliability was higher for fluoroscopy versus CT. High-dose fluoroscopic imaging used 31% of the radiation exposure for CT.CONCLUSIONS: Multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging provides comparable diagnostic preoperative planning to CT scan in an experimental cadaveric model. The use of multiplanar fluoroscopic imaging resulted in between 69% and 85% less radiation exposure than conventional CT scan using pediatric settings.CLINICAL EVIDENCE: This study demonstrates similar results from simulated preoperative templating using fluoroscopic imaging compared with CT scan but with less radiation exposure.
|
['Bone Screws', 'Cadaver', 'Child', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Observer Variation', 'Preoperative Care', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 23,147,634
|
[['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E04.555.100.700'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Social networks and health of older people living in sheltered housing.
|
Eighty-seven residents from three sheltered accommodation schemes for people over 60 years, were interviewed about: their physical and mental health, social networks, social support, decision to move in, and how they found living in sheltered housing. Twenty-four percent had a diagnosis of depression and 8% dementia, but few had ever seen a mental health professional. Over half (55%) had clinically significant levels of activity limitation and 37% had significant somatic symptoms. Despite provision of glasses or aids 31% could not see satisfactorily and 23% could not hear adequately. Locally integrated social networks were most common (41%). Residents with a private network (16%) were more likely than those with a locally integrated network to have significant activity limitation and to report often being lonely. There were no differences between network types in levels of depression or dementia. Poor health of a person or their spouse was the most commonly reported reason for moving to sheltered housing, followed by the possibly related reasons of problems with their old home no longer being suitable e.g. stairs, and because they wanted to have a warden or alarm system available should the need arise. Most residents were happy living in sheltered accommodation. Many made use of 'sheltered' features such as the common room, the communal laundry, the warden and the alarm. A minority of residents were lonely and a few were unhappy with sheltered accommodation.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dementia', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Housing for the Elderly', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Social Support']
| 12,425,771
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['F03.600.300'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['J03.340.260', 'N01.224.791.400.410', 'N06.230.150.360.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.853.500.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Establishing a transplant coordinator-led living kidney donor follow-up clinic.
|
BACKGROUND: The long-term risks of renal failure and hypertension are statistically low for living kidney donors as a group, but can have serious consequences for the individual.OBJECTIVES: To describe the experience with a transplant coordinator-led living donor follow-up clinic.METHOD: Living kidney donors are reviewed on an annual basis by a designated coordinator (registered nurse). A 24-hour urine collection estimates renal function. Blood pressure and blood chemistry are measured and urinalysis performed. Current health status and wound discomfort are assessed. Any medical problems identified are referred to a specialist hospital department or to the donor's family practitioner.RESULTS: Fifty-nine appointments were booked and 12 (20%) donors did not attend. Renal function was within acceptable limits for all attending donors. Three donors had raised blood glucose levels and 8 donors were hypertensive; all were referred to family practitioners. Forty-seven donors (35 new, 12 return) completed a questionnaire on the follow-up provided. Thirty-eight (81%) were satisfied with the follow-up, and 47 (100%) agreed this clinic provided adequate follow-up. Thirty-three (70%) donors stated they preferred that the transplant coordinator performed the follow-up, 3 (6%) preferred the family practitioner, and 11 (23%) had no preference.CONCLUSIONS: There are many possible solutions to the provision of lifelong care of living kidney donors. The model of a transplant coordinator-led clinic appears to have a high degree of patient acceptance, perhaps because of the continuity of care provided by a known member of the transplant team. Further work is required to identify reasons for nonattendance.
|
['Aftercare', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Nephrectomy', 'Nurse Clinicians', 'Nursing Audit', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Organizational Objectives', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Program Development', 'Program Evaluation', 'Referral and Consultation']
| 12,841,521
|
[['E02.760.169.063', 'N02.421.585.169.063', 'N04.590.233.727.210.063'], ['N02.278.035'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.898.656'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['M01.526.485.650.648.525', 'N02.360.650.648.525'], ['N04.761.700.250.520', 'N05.700.175.520'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['N04.452.615'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['N04.452.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N04.452.758.849']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
IL6 gene allele-specific C/EBPá-binding activity affects the development of HBV infection through modulation of Th17/Treg balance.
|
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis and related liver diseases. Although host genetics associated with the response to anti-viral treatment have been reported, little is known about the relationship between IL6 genetic polymorphisms and the outcome of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we determined the genotype distribution of rs1800796 polymorphism in healthy controls and cases including chronic HBV (CHB), hepatitis C virus and HIV infection. The rs1800796 was found to be associated with clinical outcome of CHB in experimental and validation cohort. The rs1800796C allele has twofold higher promoter activity than G allele. Consistently, CD14(+) monocytes from subjects carrying the rs1800796C allele produced more IL-6 in response to in vitro HBV core antigen stimulation than those carrying G allele. Moreover, CHB patients carrying rs1800796C allele have significantly higher T-helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio. Finally, a transcription factor C/EBPá binds in higher affinity to rs1800796C allele than to G allele. These results suggest that genetic predisposition to higher IL-6 production is associated with increased risk to HBV infection and hepatic inflammation, which might be due to C/EBPá-mediated regulatory effect on Th17 and Treg responses. Appropriate manipulation of IL-6 expression might be used to prevent and treat HBV infection.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'HIV Infections', 'Hepatitis B', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th17 Cells', 'Viral Load']
| 26,447,433
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['D12.776.260.108.124', 'D12.776.660.167', 'D12.776.930.127.124'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.915', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.770', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.770', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.915', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.915'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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