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Avoidance response of Enchytraeus albidus in relation to carbendazim ageing.
|
In this study, avoidance response of Enchytraeus albidus to LUFA 2.2 soil contaminated with pesticide carbendazim was investigated. The aim was to clarify minimal test duration and temporal changes in avoidance response due to contamination ageing. Firstly, the concentration causing 50% avoidance (EC(50)) was determined as 7.6 mg/kg. Then, test duration needed to reach this value (ET(50)=approximately 18 h) was identified. Finally, the capability of E. albidus avoidance test to reflect the changes of pollutant bioavailability was tested. The soil was spiked with carbendazim at the EC(50) concentration 1, 14, or 28 days before the test started and avoidance effects of fresh versus aged contamination were compared. The results indicated that enchytraeids preferred soil contaminated for 28 days prior to assay where carbendazim was probably less bioavailable than in freshly spiked soil. Our results open an interesting research area of potential use of avoidance tests for contaminant bioavailability assessment.
|
['Animals', 'Benzimidazoles', 'Carbamates', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Escape Reaction', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Oligochaeta', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Time Factors']
| 18,992,976
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.103'], ['D02.241.081.251'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['F01.145.113.780.688', 'F01.145.367', 'F01.145.875.439.500.688', 'G07.568.500.590.688', 'G11.427.410.568.850.688'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['B01.050.500.091.657'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
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Hypothalamic mitochondrial abnormalities occur downstream of inflammation in diet-induced obesity.
|
Hypothalamic dysfunction is a common feature of experimental obesity. Studies have identified at least three mechanisms involved in the development of hypothalamic neuronal defects in diet-induced obesity: i, inflammation; ii, endoplasmic reticulum stress; and iii, mitochondrial abnormalities. However, which of these mechanisms is activated earliest in response to the consumption of large portions of dietary fats is currently unknown. Here, we used immunoblot, real-time PCR, mitochondrial respiration assays and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate markers of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the hypothalamus of Swiss mice fed a high-fat diet for up to seven days. In the present study we show that the expression of the inflammatory chemokine fractalkine was the earliest event detected. Its hypothalamic expression increased as early as 3 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet and was followed by the increase of cytokines. GPR78, an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, was increased 6 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet, however the actual triggering of endoplasmic reticulum stress was only detected three days later, when IRE-1á was increased. Mitofusin-2, a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum, underwent a transient reduction 24 h after the introduction of a high-fat diet and then increased after seven days. There were no changes in hypothalamic mitochondrial respiration during the experimental period, however there were reductions in mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum contact sites, beginning three days after the introduction of a high-fat diet. The inhibition of TNF-á with infliximab resulted in the normalization of mitofusin-2 levels 24 h after the introduction of the diet. Thus, inflammation is the earliest mechanism activated in the hypothalamus after the introduction of a high-fat diet and may play a mechanistic role in the development of mitochondrial abnormalities in diet-induced obesity.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress', 'GTP Phosphohydrolases', 'Hypothalamus', 'Inflammation', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Obesity', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 28,760,600
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['G04.434'], ['D08.811.277.040.330'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
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[The ultrastructure of the neurons of a graft developing in the brain of rats experiencing hypoxia].
|
Fragments of the brain cortex of 17- or 18-day-old rat embryos were allotransplanted into the brain cortex of rats subjected to hypoxia. Four days later the graft consisted of mixed differentiating neuroblasts. By the 100th to 130th day after transplantation the graft contained mature neurons, differentiating neurons and neuroblasts. Hypochromic neurons showing the signs of intracellular reparation were also detected. A well-developed neuropile was localized inside the graft. In contrast to the normal brain, neurons in the graft were not organized in layers.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Female', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neurons', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Time Factors']
| 2,234,792
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['A16.254'], ['C10.228.140.624', 'C23.888.852.079.797'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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|
Chlorpromazine modulates cytokine expression in the liver and lung after burn injury and endotoxemia.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous data from our laboratory have demonstrated that alterations in cytokine production occur in the lung and liver as the result of a two-hit model of injury, i.e., burn with subsequent endotoxin administration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the phenothiazine derivative chlorpromazine would alter cytokine production in a sequential model of injury.METHODS: By using a sublethal burn/endotoxemia model, B2D6F1 mice (n = 40) were assigned to two groups and subjected to a 15% full-thickness burn. Three days after burn injury, one group (BURN/ETX) received 2.5 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin intraperitoneally, and the other group (CPZ) received 4 mg/kg chlorpromazine 1 hour before the administration of 2.5 mg/kg E. coli endotoxin intraperitoneally. At selected time points, the animals were killed and lung and liver were removed and processed for protein and total RNA. Northern blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and interleukin-10.RESULTS: Chlorpromazine significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA and protein expression in the liver. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha mRNA was reduced by chlorpromazine in both liver and lung. Interleukin-10 production was not altered by chlorpromazine.CONCLUSION: The reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha by chlorpromazine in the liver and lungs may have potential as a pharmaceutical agent that may dampen the inflammatory response in a model of sequential injury.
|
['Animals', 'Burns', 'Chemokine CCL4', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Endotoxemia', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Interleukin-10', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 10,697,077
|
[['B01.050'], ['C26.200'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.200', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.200', 'D23.125.300.110.200', 'D23.125.300.600.750', 'D23.469.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.600.200'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['C01.757.100.275', 'C01.861.375', 'C23.550.470.790.500.100.275'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600', 'D23.125.300.600', 'D23.469.200.600', 'D23.529.374.200.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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|
The effect of oestrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
|
Previous studies have shown that human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) show an increased response to a number of cytotoxic drugs after 48 h pretreatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). As there is evidence that MPA can influence membrane fluidity, we have examined the effect of pre-treatment with MPA on the uptake of methotrexate (MTX) and vincristine (VCR) by MCF-7 cells. The effect of pre-treatment with oestrogen on cytotoxic drug uptake was also examined. After 48 h pre-treatment with MPA (40 or 160 nmol/L), the uptake of MTX was significantly reduced by 14%-44%. Uptake of VCR was also reduced (10%-16%) after pre-treatment of cells with MPA but to a lesser degree than detected for MTX. Pre-treatment with ethinyloestradiol increased the uptake of MTX by up to 45% but enhanced uptake was only detected in cells after exposure to MTX for 1 h. While the results from this study show that oestrogens or MPA can alter the uptake of cytotoxic drugs by MCF-7 breast cancer cells, it is not clear how the MPA dependent decrease in drug uptake enhances the response of MCF-7 to such drugs previously reported.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Medroxyprogesterone', 'Medroxyprogesterone Acetate', 'Methotrexate', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Vincristine']
| 1,533,753
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395.700'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395.700.500'], ['D03.633.100.733.631.192.500'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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Reduction of inappropriate medication in older populations by electronic decision support (the PRIMA-eDS study): a qualitative study of practical implementation in primary care.
|
BACKGROUND: Within the EU-funded project PRIMA-eDS (Polypharmacy in chronic diseases: Reduction of Inappropriate Medication and Adverse drug events in older populations by electronic Decision Support) an electronic decision support tool (the "PRIMA-eDS-tool") was developed for general practitioners (GPs) to reduce inappropriate medication in their older polypharmacy patients. After entering patient data relevant to prescribing in an electronic case report form the physician received a comprehensive medication review (CMR) on his/her screen displaying recommendations regarding missing indications, necessary laboratory tests, evidence-base of current medication, dose adjustments for renal malfunction, potentially harmful drug-drug interactions, contra-indications, and possible adverse drug events. We set out to explore the usage of the PRIMA-eDS tool and the adoption of the recommendations provided by the CMR to optimise the tool and prepare it for its future implementation.METHODS: In a qualitative study carried out in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 21 GPs using the PRIMA-eDS tool within the PRIMA-eDS study were interviewed. Interviews encompassed the GPs' attitudes regarding use of the electronic case report form and the CMR, their response to the recommendations, and the implementation of the tool into daily practice routine. The collected data were analysed applying thematic qualitative text analysis.RESULTS: GPs found the patient data entry into the electronic case report form to be inconvenient and time-consuming. The CMR was conducted often outside practice hours and without the patient present. GPs found that the PRIMA-eDS CMR provided relevant information for and had several positive effects on the caring process. However, they encountered several barriers when wanting to change medication.CONCLUSIONS: It is unlikely that the PRIMA-eDS CMR will be used in the future as it is now as patient data entry is too time-consuming. Several barriers towards deprescribing medications were found which are common in deprescribing studies. Given the positive attitude towards the CMR, a new way of entering patient data into the PRIMA-eDS tool to create the CMR needs to be developed.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Decision Support Systems, Clinical', 'Female', 'General Practitioners', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Implementation Science', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Potentially Inappropriate Medication List', 'Primary Health Care', 'Qualitative Research']
| 29,986,668
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.190'], ['M01.526.485.810.485', 'N02.360.810.485'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.143.320.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.761.700.615', 'N05.700.594'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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|
Prognostic significance of p53 mutations in colon cancer at the population level.
|
Some studies have reported that p53 mutations or certain types of p53 mutation are associated with poor prognosis in colon cancer, while other studies have failed to show such a relationship. None of these previous studies was population-based. We therefore evaluated the prognostic significance of p53 mutations in a large, population-based study of 1,464 individuals with colon cancer from Utah and California. Mutations in exons 5-8 were detected by SSCP analysis, followed by sequencing of aberrant bands. p53 mutations were identified in colon cancers from 665 of 1,464 (45.4%) individuals. p53 mutations were significantly more common in distal tumors (p < 0.01), tumors of relatively high stage (p = 0.04), tumors without MSI (p < 0.01) and tumors without Ki-ras mutations (p < 0.01). In a univariate analysis, tumors with p53 mutations were associated with a significantly worse 5-year survival than those with wild-type p53 (53.4% vs. 58.8%, p = 0.04); significantly worse prognosis also was seen with missense mutations, transitions, transversions, mutations affecting the structure of the p53 molecule, mutations within the beta-sandwich motif and mutations in proximal tumors. In multivariate analyses, however, the only significant predictors of poor prognosis were G245 hot spot mutations (HRR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.06-4.40) and p53 mutations in proximal tumors (HRR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.07-1.63). We conclude that overall p53 mutational status is not an independent predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer. However, specific classes of mutations, namely, the G245 hot spot mutation and mutations in proximal tumors, are related to significantly worse survival even after adjusting for age and stage.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Codon', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Genes, p53', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Prognosis']
| 11,992,552
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.385', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.385'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.365.795.600'], ['E01.789']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
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|
One single dose of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution gives equally good myocardial protection in elective mitral valve surgery as repetitive cold blood cardioplegia: a prospective randomized study.
|
OBJECTIVES: Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK-Custodiol) cardioplegic solution is administered as one single dose for more than 2 hours of ischemia. No prospective randomized clinical study has compared the effects of HTK and cold blood cardioplegia on myocardial damage in elective mitral valve surgery. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to examine whether one single dose of cold antegrade HTK gives as good myocardial protection as repetitive antegrade cold blood cardioplegia in mitral valve surgery.METHODS: Eighty consecutive patients undergoing elective isolated mitral valve surgery for mitral regurgitation, with or without ablation for atrial fibrillation, were included in the study and randomized to HTK or blood cardioplegia. Markers of myocardial injury (troponin-T and creatine kinase MB) were analyzed at baseline and 7 hours, 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days after surgery.RESULTS: No significant difference in creatine kinase MB and troponin-T between HTK and blood cardioplegia groups was found at any time point. There was a significant correlation between ischemic time and markers of myocardial injury in the HTK group only and significantly more spontaneous ventricular fibrillation after release of crossclamping in the HTK group.CONCLUSIONS: One single dose of antegrade cold HTK cardioplegic solution in elective mitral valve surgery protects the myocardium equally well as repetitive antegrade cold blood cardioplegia.
|
['Biomarkers', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardioplegic Solutions', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Creatine Kinase, MB Form', 'Elective Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Mannitol', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Norway', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Procaine', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sweden', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Troponin T']
| 20,800,244
|
[['D23.101'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['D26.776.708.160', 'D27.505.954.411.207', 'D27.505.954.578.322', 'D27.720.752.322'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150.625'], ['E04.249'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D02.033.800.609', 'D09.853.609'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.541.510.507'], ['C14.280.484.461'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D02.241.223.100.050.500.906', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.020.937.906'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D05.500.945.962', 'D05.750.078.730.825.962', 'D12.776.210.500.910.962', 'D12.776.220.525.825.962']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
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| 1
|
Quality of life after surgery for rectal cancer.
|
Patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is now considered a relevant clinical outcome. This study systematically reviewed articles published in the last 5 years, focusing on the impact of rectal cancer treatment on patients' HRQoL. Of the 477 articles retrieved, 56 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported comparisons were between surgical procedures (21 articles), especially between sphincter-preserving and non-sphincter preserving surgery or between stoma and stoma-free patients (13 articles), and between multimodality therapies (11 articles). Additionally, twelve articles compared patients' and healthy controls' HRQoL as primary or secondary aim. The majority of the studies were observational (84 %), controlled (66 %), cross-sectional (54 %), prospective (100 %), with a sample of more than 100 patients (59 %), and with more than 60 % of patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy (50 %). The most frequently used instruments were the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30), its colorectal cancer specific module QLQ-CR38, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 items questionnaire. Findings from the included articles are summarised and commented, with a special focus on the comparison between surgical treatments, between irradiated and not-irradiated patients, and between patients and the general population.
|
['Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Quality of Life', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Rectum']
| 25,103,003
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.790', 'C06.301.371.411.307.790', 'C06.405.249.411.307.790', 'C06.405.469.491.307.790', 'C06.405.469.860.180.500'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Susceptibility to cartap-induced lethal effect and diaphragmatic injury via ocular exposure in rabbits.
|
Cartap is extensively used to control agricultural pests. Pertinent literatures have indicated that it causes no eye irritation [D.E. Ray, Insecticides derived from plants and other organisms, in: W.J. Hayes, E.R. Laws (Eds.), Handbook of Insecticide Toxicology, Classes of Insecticides, vol. 2, Academic Press, New York, 1991, p. 611; C. Tomlin, Cartap, in: C. Tomlin (Ed.), The Insecticide Manual, 12th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, UK, 2000, p. 144]; however, the instillation of a little cartap through the eye has caused death in rabbits. The aim of this study was to determine the ocular toxicity of cartap in New Zealand White rabbits. Cartap was directly instilled into the low conjunctival sac of eyes, at doses of 0, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight. The changes in the enzymes and isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), as well as pathological changes in the muscles of the heart, thigh and diaphragm were determined in the cartap-treated rabbits. Moreover, the neuromuscular effect of cartap was examined using the isolated rabbit phrenic-nerve diaphragm model. The results indicated that rabbits developed severe signs and they died within 20 min of ocular instillation. The ocular LD50 of cartap was 8.1 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with cartap increased the activities of CK and LD enzymes and their isoenzymes, CK-1, CK-2, and CK-3 in serum, and CK-3 and LD-5 in the diaphragm. Microscopically, hypercontraction bands and the rupture of myofibers of the diaphragm were observed in dead rabbits. Cartap did not affect nerve-evoked twitch but induced irreversible contracture and twitch depression on the isolated rabbit's diaphragm. These results indicate that the rabbit is susceptible to cartap toxicity; the effect of cartap caused contracture and damage to the diaphragm might play a pivotal role in respiratory paralysis and death of rabbits during intoxication.
|
['Animals', 'Creatine Kinase', 'Diaphragm', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Insecticides', 'Instillation, Drug', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myocardium', 'Phrenic Nerve', 'Rabbits', 'Thigh', 'Thiocarbamates']
| 14,580,782
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.696.640.150'], ['A02.633.567.900.300'], ['A07.541'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['E02.319.267.641'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A08.800.800.720.150.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['A01.378.610.750'], ['D02.241.081.251.869', 'D02.886.706']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices: two-year follow up of a prospective controlled trial of propranolol in addition to sclerotherapy.
|
A prospective randomised trial comparing propranolol and sclerotherapy to sclerotherapy alone was conducted over a 2-year follow up in a district hospital setting of unselected patients. Rebleeding and survival were analysed. Thirty-nine patients were randomised to propranolol plus sclerotherapy and 34 to sclerotherapy alone. The two groups were clinically comparable. There was no significant difference in the cumulative percent of patients free of rebleeding; 54% of the sclerotherapy group rebled compared to 52% of the group treated with propranolol plus sclerotherapy (Hazard ratio 1.09 (0.54-2.22) and p = 0.81, NS). Two-year actuarial survival was also not significantly different, with 77% of the propanolol plus sclerotherapy group surviving, compared to 74% of sclerotherapy alone (Hazard ratio 1.08 (0.35-2.22) and p = 0.79, NS). The mean time to eradication of varices was not significantly different between the two groups (propranolol plus sclerotherapy 222 days, sclerotherapy alone 243 days), nor did the rate of variceal recurrence differ (72.7 vs 72 days). This study did not show long-term improvement in rebleeding or survival using propranolol in addition to a regular sclerotherapy programme.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Portal', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propranolol', 'Prospective Studies', 'Recurrence', 'Sclerotherapy', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']
| 7,963,426
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E02.186'], ['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.494'], ['C06.552.630.380', 'C06.552.645.590', 'C23.550.355.412.380', 'C25.775.100.087.645.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D02.033.100.624.698.711', 'D02.033.755.624.698.711', 'D02.092.063.624.698.711', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.945', 'D04.615.638.945'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E02.319.805'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Central pontine myelinolysis as a complication of partial ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency.
|
Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) is a demyelinating condition of the central pons with or without associated foci of demyelination in extrapontine areas. We present a case of partial ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency in a 5-year-old girl which was complicated by CPM. The patient was a previously undiagnosed girl who presented with mild hyperammonemic encephalopathy with a maximum plasma ammonia level of 376 microM on admission. Laboratory testing established the diagnosis of OCT deficiency, and therapy with hydration and protein restriction was successful in returning the plasma ammonia levels to normal. Five days after correction of her hyperammonemia, the patient developed intractable seizures and coma. Serial MRI scans of the brain revealed the evolution of the characteristic findings of CPM. Plasma ammonia and electrolyte concentrations were well controlled throughout this time. This represents the first description of CPM in a patient with a urea cycle defect.
|
['Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Ammonia', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Myelinolysis, Central Pontine', 'Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease']
| 7,573,173
|
[['C16.320.565.100', 'C18.452.648.100'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.140.163.560', 'C10.314.500', 'C18.452.132.560'], ['C10.228.140.163.100.937.750', 'C16.320.322.828', 'C16.320.565.100.940.750', 'C16.320.565.189.937.750', 'C18.452.132.100.937.500', 'C18.452.648.100.940.500', 'C18.452.648.189.937.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Gene Encoding a Novel Enzyme of LDH2/MDH2 Family is Lost in Plant and Animal Genomes During Transition to Land.
|
L-Lactate/malate dehydrogenases (LDH/MDH) and type 2 L-lactate/malate dehydrogenases (LDH2/MDH2) belong to NADH/NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases (anaerobic dehydrogenases). They form a large protein superfamily with multiple enzyme homologs found in all branches of life: from bacteria and archaea to eukaryotes, and play an essential role in metabolism. Here, we describe the gene encoding a new enzyme of LDH2/MDH2 oxidoreductase family. This gene is found in genomes of all studied groups/classes of bacteria and fungi. In the plant kingdom, this gene was observed only in algae, but not in bryophyta or spermatophyta. This gene is present in all taxonomic groups of animal kingdom beginning with protozoa, but is lost in lungfishes and other, higher taxa of vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, avians and mammals). Since the gene encoding the new enzyme is found only in taxa associated with the aquatic environment, we named it AqE (aquatic enzyme). We demonstrated that AqE gene is convergently lost in different independent lineages of animals and plants. Interestingly, the loss of the gene is consistently associated with transition from aquatic to terrestrial life forms, which suggests that this enzyme is essential in aquatic environment, but redundant or even detrimental in terrestrial organisms.
|
['Animals', 'Aquatic Organisms', 'Biological Evolution', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Humans', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Malate Dehydrogenase', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Phylogeny', 'Plants']
| 30,607,448
|
[['B01.050'], ['B05.080', 'G16.500.275.725.500.650.075'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.496'], ['D08.811.682'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B01.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Morphological characteristics of the intramural neural apparatus of the mesentery in neoplasms of the small and large intestines].
|
The author has studied the nervous elements of the mesentery in various tumors of the large and small intestine. Different structural alterations were found in all the components of the mesentery intramural nervous apparatus: nervous cells, the intracellular plexus, nervous fibres and receptor-structures in all kinds of neoplasms. Various impregnation technics, the Nissle method and routine coloring technics were employed. The variety in pattern of the revealed morphological alterations of the nervous elements and the rate of their involvement are found to be directly dependent on the tumor stage and form, duration of the lesion and the body responsiveness.
|
['Adult', 'Ganglia', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestine, Large', 'Intestine, Small', 'Mesentery', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Nerve Degeneration', 'Nerve Endings', 'Neurons']
| 516,564
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Relationship between hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha: expression and neuron apoptosis during hypoxia ischemia brain damage in neonatal rats].
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the expression of hypoxia inducible factor la (HIF-1alpha) and the neuron apoptosis during a hypoxia ischemia brain damage and explore the role of HIF-1alpha in regulating the neuron apoptosis and repairing the brain damaged by hypoxia and ischemia.METHODS: Forty SD rats aged 10 days were randomly divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 20 rats in each group. In the experimental group, the rats were anesthetized with ethylether. The right common carotid artery was exposed and ligated. Then, they were exposed to hypoxia in a normobaric chamber filled with 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen for 2.5 hours. In the control group, the right common carotid artery was exposed but was not ligated or exposed to hypoxia. The brain tissues were harvested from the rats in the both groups at 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the hypoxia and ischemia, and from the rats in the control group at the same time points. The HIF-1alpha protein expression and the cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) protein expression were detected with the immunohistochemistry method. The apoptosis cells were detected with the TUNEL staining method.RESULTS: In the experimental group, the HIF-1alpha expression was significantly increased at 4 hours after operation, at the peak level at 8 hours, and began to decrease at 24 hours. The CC3 protein was expressed at 4 hours after operation, and was slightly expressed at 8 hours, but was significantly increased at 24 hours; the higher levels were maintained at 48 and 72 hours. However, in the control group, both the expression levels of HIF-1alpha and the CC3 protein were extremely low. So, the expression levels of HIF-1alpha and the CC3 protein were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.01). The TUNEL staining showed that in the experimental group the positive cells were significantly increased after the hypoxia and ischemia, with a peak level at 72 hours after the hypoxia and ischemia; however, in the control group there were few positive cells. TUNEL positive cells in the experimental group were significantly more than that in the control group (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The expression tendency of HIF-1alpha is completely different from that of CC3. HIF-1alpha may have a protective role in regulating the neuron apoptosis in the neonatal hypoxia-ischemia brain damage and may promote the repairing and rebuilding process in the brain that was damaged by hypoxia and ischemia.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Injuries', 'Caspase 3', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']
| 18,277,677
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.776.260.103.625.750', 'D12.776.930.125.625.750'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.716', 'C10.228.140.624.500', 'C14.907.253.092.716', 'C23.888.852.079.797.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.393.475'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Identification and characterization of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation proteins differentially affected by endoplasmic reticulum stress.
|
The disposal of misfolded proteins from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the quality control mechanisms present in the protein secretory pathway. Through ER-associated degradation, misfolded substrates are targeted to the cytosol where they are degraded by the proteasome. We have identified four maize (Zea mays) Der1-like genes (Zm Derlins) that encode homologs of Der1p, a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) protein implicated in ER-associated degradation. Zm Derlins are capable of functionally complementing a yeast Der1 deletion mutant. Such complementation indicates that the Der1p function is conserved among species. Zm Derlin genes are expressed at low levels throughout the plant, but appear prevalent in tissues with high activity of secretory protein accumulation, including developing endosperm cells. Expression of three of the four Zm Derlin genes increases during ER stress, with Zm Derlin1-1 showing the strongest induction. Subcellular fractionation experiments localized Zm Derlin proteins to the membrane fraction of microsomes. In maize endosperm, Zm Derlin proteins were found primarily associated with ER-derived protein bodies regardless of the presence of an ER stress response.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Consensus Sequence', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Roots', 'Plant Stems', 'Ribotyping', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Zea mays']
| 15,849,299
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.580.175'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.024.937'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.765', 'E05.200.875.150.125.765', 'E05.393.290.765'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thermodynamics of double- and triple-helical aggregates formed by self-complementary oligoribonucleotides of the type rAxUy.
|
The thermal denaturation of a series of oligoribonucleotides of the form rAxUy (x = 5 or 7 and y = 3-11) has been characterized by means of IR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, and DSC. IR spectra proved the occurrence of double- and triple-helical regions at various contents of uracil residues in the nucleotide. From DSC measurements transition enthalpies, entropies, and free enthalpies were derived. The effect of fraying in terminal base pairs of symmetrical nucleotides (x = y) was quantified. Thermodynamic excess parameters due to dangling ends (5'A and 3'U), terminal AU base pairs, and UAU base triplets were obtained by comparing DSC results from different nucleotides. Empirical values for contributions of base stacking and pairing to the stability of terminal AU base pairs have been estimated: for nucleotides under study with a high degree of fraying at the ends of the helix the major stabilization effect comes from base stacking. The size of the cooperative unit lambda in most nucleotides under study is larger than 1; i.e., in these cases intermolecular cooperation takes place. Through deconvolution of DSC data maximum populations of intermediate states FI,max were obtained. On the basis of these results all nucleotides under study were proved to melt in multistate manner. FI,max increases with the number of base pairs, decreases through dangling ends, and shows approximately constant values for triple-helical aggregates of the series rA5Uy as well as rA7Uy.
|
['Codon', 'Models, Chemical', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligoribonucleotides', 'RNA, Double-Stranded', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Thermodynamics']
| 2,383,543
|
[['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['E05.599.495'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['D13.695.578.424.500'], ['D13.444.735.490', 'G02.111.570.820.486.775', 'G05.360.580.775'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychometric testing of an instrument measuring nurse aides' patient safety attitudes.
|
AIM: To develop and test the patient safety attitude scale-nurse aide (PSAS-NA) scale in measuring nurse aides' attitudes to patient safety and event reporting.BACKGROUND: Although nurse aides are unlicensed personnel, their roles in delivering care can not be ignored. A measure specific to nurse aides is needed.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional design study. A literature review was conducted to generate items. Content validity, construct validity, convergent/divergent validity and internal consistency were examined. A convenient sample of 213 nurse aides working at two hospital-based long-term care institutions in Taiwan was recruited.RESULTS: From the initial 61-item scale, a 39-item instrument was retained by principal component analysis (PCA) and four factors were extracted: daily safety practice, organizational safety strategies, event reporting practice and event reporting conflict. Four factors accounted for 51.74% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.83 to 0.92. Event reporting conflict was significantly negatively correlated with event reporting practice (r = -0.16, P < 0.05).IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The PSAS-NA can be used to assess nurse aides' attitudes to patient safety and event reporting. Health care mangers/supervisors can provide education and training programmes to nurse aides according to the assessment results.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Assistants', 'Patient Safety', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 23,410,086
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.740.400', 'N05.715.360.750.350', 'N06.850.520.830.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.067.652', 'N02.360.067.652'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['E05.318.740.562'], ['F04.711.780'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Structure of the N-terminal Gyrase B fragment in complex with ADP?Pi reveals rigid-body motion induced by ATP hydrolysis.
|
Type II DNA topoisomerases are essential enzymes that catalyze topological rearrangement of double-stranded DNA using the free energy generated by ATP hydrolysis. Bacterial DNA gyrase is a prototype of this family and is composed of two subunits (GyrA, GyrB) that form a GyrA2GyrB2 heterotetramer. The N-terminal 43-kDa fragment of GyrB (GyrB43) from E. coli comprising the ATPase and the transducer domains has been studied extensively. The dimeric fragment is competent for ATP hydrolysis and its structure in complex with the substrate analog AMPPNP is known. Here, we have determined the remaining conformational states of the enzyme along the ATP hydrolysis reaction path by solving crystal structures of GyrB43 in complex with ADP?BeF3, ADP?Pi, and ADP. Upon hydrolysis, the enzyme undergoes an obligatory 12° domain rearrangement to accommodate the 1.5 ? increase in distance between the ã- and â-phosphate of the nucleotide within the sealed binding site at the domain interface. Conserved residues from the QTK loop of the transducer domain (also part of the domain interface) couple the small structural change within the binding site with the rigid body motion. The domain reorientation is reflected in a significant 7 ? increase in the separation of the two transducer domains of the dimer that would embrace one of the DNA segments in full-length gyrase. The observed conformational change is likely to be relevant for the allosteric coordination of ATP hydrolysis with DNA binding, cleavage/re-ligation and/or strand passage.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Binding Sites', 'DNA Gyrase', 'DNA, Superhelical', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Hydrolysis', 'Motion', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 25,202,966
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D08.811.399.403.741.149', 'D12.776.097.237'], ['D13.444.308.283.250', 'G02.111.570.820.486.212.250', 'G05.360.580.156.250'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G02.380'], ['G01.482'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dendritic cells stimulated with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans elicit rapid gamma interferon responses by natural killer cells.
|
Human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) responses are gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) dependent, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) promote IgG2 production. DCs spontaneously emerge from monocytes in cultures prepared from localized aggressive periodontitis (LagP) patients, and these patients have high levels of IgG2 that is reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. These results prompted the hypothesis that an interaction between mDCs and A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes IFN-gamma production, and IFN-gamma is known to promote both immunopathology and protective IgG2. A. actinomycetemcomitans induced mDCs to produce interleukin-12 (IL-12), and the addition of A. actinomycetemcomitans and DCs to cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes elicited high levels of IFN-gamma within just 24 h. In contrast, IL-4 was not detectable although DC-derived IL-10 production was apparent. A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated macrophages prepared from the same monocytes lacked the ability to induce IL-12 or IFN-gamma responses. NK cells of the innate immune system were the primary source of this early IFN-gamma, although CD8 T cells also contributed some. The NK cell-derived IFN-gamma was IL-12 dependent, and A. actinomycetemcomitans-DC interactions were Toll-like receptor 4 dependent. A. actinomycetemcomitans and A. actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were more potent than Escherichia coli and E. coli LPS in the ability to induce DC IL-12 and IFN-gamma. The ability of A. actinomycetemcomitans-stimulated DCs to induce NK cells to rapidly produce IFN-gamma in the absence of detectable IL-4 suggests their potential for skewing responses toward Th1. This may help explain the presence of Th1-associated cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from LagP patients and the high levels of IgG2 in their serum and GCF that is reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans.
|
['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-12', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Monocytes', 'Protein Subunits', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Toll-Like Receptors']
| 15,322,002
|
[['B03.440.450.600.224.500', 'B03.660.250.550.170.500'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.512', 'D12.776.467.374.465.512', 'D23.529.374.465.512'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776.813'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intraoral malignant melanotic schwannoma. Ultrastructural evidence for melanogenesis by Schwann's cells.
|
Clinical and light and electron microscopic findings of one case of malignant melanotic schwannoma of the oral cavity are presented. The tumor recurred four times and developed submandibular metastasis. At autopsy, 24 months after manifestation of the initial symptoms, a hematogenous metastatic nodule was present in the liver. Peripheral melanotic schwannomas show a more malignant behavior than intraspinal examples. The Schwann's cell character of the individual tumor cells is demonstrated ultrastructurally by the presence of a prominent basal lamina, desmosomelike junctions between interdigitated elongated cell processes, and melanosomes in all stages of formation. These findings support the concept that neoplastic human Schwann's cells are capable of melanogenesis.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Melanocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurilemmoma', 'Palatal Neoplasms']
| 6,687,793
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.595', 'C04.557.580.600.610.595', 'C04.557.580.625.650.595'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.692', 'C04.588.443.591.692', 'C05.116.231.754.450.692', 'C05.500.499.692', 'C07.320.515.692', 'C07.465.530.692']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Perfluoroalkyl substances and metabolic syndrome.
|
BACKGROUND: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of contaminants used in many industrial applications and consumer products. Certain PFAS are regulated or voluntarily limited due to concern about environmental persistence and adverse health effects.OBJECTIVES: In this analysis we examine PFAS levels and their association with metabolic syndrome and its components, using a representative sample of the U.S.METHODS: Data on PFAS levels and metabolic syndrome components were collected from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Twelve different PFAS were measured in serum samples from participants. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between metabolic syndrome, its individual components, and serum PFAS concentrations.RESULTS: Over one-third (37%) of participants met the definition for metabolic syndrome, with increased waist circumference and elevated glucose being the most commonly reported components. Seven PFAS were detected in at least 30% of participants and were examined in subsequent analyses (PFDA, PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, MPAH, PFNA, PFUnDA). The PFAS with the highest concentrations was PFOS (median 8.4 ng/mL), followed by PFOA, PFHxS and PFNA. After adjusting for potential confounders, PFNA was associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and well as several individual components, while the highest levels of PFHxS were associated with elevated triglycerides. Other PFAS were associated with decreased risk of at least one outcome.CONCLUSIONS: Associations between PFAS and metabolic syndrome are inconsistent within and across studies. PFNA was consistently associated with increased risk for components of the syndrome, a finding that warrants further investigation.
|
['Adult', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Fluorocarbons', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutrition Surveys']
| 30,290,996
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D02.455.526.510.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.485', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469', 'N06.850.505.616', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data.
|
The independent and joint associations of serum selenium and vitamin A (retinol) and E (alpha tocopherol) concentrations with the risk of death from cancer were studied in 51 case-control pairs--that is, 51 patients with cancer, each paired with a control matched for age, sex, and smoking. Case-control pairs came from a random sample of some 12000 people aged 30-64 years resident in two provinces of eastern Finland who were followed up for four years. Patients who died of cancer during the follow up period had a 12% lower mean serum selenium concentration (p = 0.015) than the controls. The difference persisted when deaths from cancer in the first follow up year were excluded. The adjusted risk of fatal cancer was 5.8-fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-29.0) among subjects in the lowest tertile of selenium concentrations compared with those with higher values. Subjects with both low selenium and low alpha tocopherol concentrations in serum had an 11.4-fold adjusted risk. Among smoking men with cancer serum retinol concentrations were 26% lower than in smoking controls (p = 0.002). These data suggest that dietary selenium deficiency is associated with an increased risk of fatal cancer, that low vitamin E intake may enhance this effect, and that decreased vitamin or provitamin A intake contributes to the risk of lung cancer among smoking men with a low selenium intake.
|
['Adult', 'Cholesterol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk', 'Selenium', 'Smoking', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin A Deficiency', 'Vitamin E', 'Vitamin E Deficiency']
| 3,918,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.841']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Low income, race, and the use of mammography.
|
OBJECTIVE: To describe national trends in mammography use by race and income and to test whether higher use of mammography among low-income African American women than low-income white women can be explained by health insurance coverage, usual place of health care, or place of residence.DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Data from five years of the National Health Interview Survey spanning the period 1987-1994.STUDY DESIGN: Trends in the percentage of women 50-64 years of age with a mammogram within the past two years were analyzed by race and income. Data for 1993-1994 were pooled, and with logistic regression analysis, variation in use of recent mammography for low-income women was investigated. Independent variables are age, race, family income, education, health insurance coverage, place of usual source of health care, metropolitan residence, and geographic region.DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: The National Health Interview Survey is a cross-sectional national survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Data are collected through household interviews. [Editor's note: in keeping with HSR policy, the term black is used to conform to its use in the surveys studied. In other references to race, the term African American is used.]PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Among women 50-64 years of age use of recent mammograms increased rapidly between 1987 and 1991 for all groups of women, and between 1991 and 1994 the increases slowed. However, increases between 1991 and 1994 have been more rapid among low-income black women than among low-income white women. In 1993-1994, low-income black women were about one-third more likely than low-income white women to report mammography within the past two years. This difference could not be explained by health insurance coverage, usual source of health care, metropolitan status, or region of residence.CONCLUSIONS: These results, which provide some evidence of success for screening programs targeted to the poor, raise the question of why low-income black women appear to be to more likely than low-income white women to have benefited from recent efforts to promote mammography. Continued evaluation of mammography programs focused on women who are underserved as well as the monitoring of trends and variations in service use by race and income are needed.
|
['African Americans', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Insurance Coverage', 'Logistic Models', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.', 'Odds Ratio', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Poverty', 'United States']
| 10,199,671
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['N03.219.521.576.265'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.200.260', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.225.260'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of acute rejection and antirejection therapy on arteries and veins from canine single lung allografts.
|
Experiments were designed to compare the function of the endothelium and smooth muscle in intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins of transplanted lungs during acute rejection and after treatment of rejection. Single lung allografts were performed in dogs. Dogs were monitored for 5 days to allow good recovery from the operation and resolution of early chest radiographic changes. In group I, immunosuppression (cyclosporine A, azathioprine, and methylprednisone) was withdrawn to allow rejection, which typically occurred after 3 days. In group II, immunosuppression was reinstituted at this time during acute rejection until the chest roentgenograms again cleared (approximately after 6 days). The blood vessels were studied at this time. Rings were cut from intralobar pulmonary arteries and veins of the allotransplanted lungs and suspended for the measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. Contractions of arteries and veins to phenylephrine but not endothelin-1 were significantly reduced during acute rejection. In arteries and veins, endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin but not the calcium ionophore A23187 were reduced with rejection. Relaxations of the smooth muscle to histamine increased with rejection in both blood vessels. Relaxations to nitric oxide were reduced with rejection in veins but not arteries. Treatment of rejection reversed all responses toward those observed in arteries and veins in lungs from dogs not undergoing transplantation. These results suggest that responses of the endothelium and smooth muscle of pulmonary arteries and veins of transplanted lungs are altered similarly during rejection. Further, treatment of rejection restores function of the pulmonary blood vessels of lung allografts toward that observed in unoperated lungs.
|
['Animals', 'Azathioprine', 'Cyclosporine', 'Dogs', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lung Transplantation', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Pulmonary Veins', 'Reference Values', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation']
| 8,642,824
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.886.759.111', 'D03.633.100.759.570.090', 'D13.570.900.111'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.310'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E04.928.600.495', 'E04.936.450.495'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['A07.015.908.713'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E04.936.864'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytotoxicity of formaldehyde on human osteoblastic cells is related to intracellular glutathione levels.
|
Formaldehyde that leaches out of formaldehyde-releasing root canal sealers, specifically from setting material extruded into the periapical region may participate in the development of periapical inflammation or the continuation of a pre-existing periapical lesion. However, the effects of formaldehyde on human osteoblasts have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of formaldehyde on human osteoblastic cell line U2OS in vitro. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays were performed to elucidate the adverse effects of formaldehyde on U2OS cells. Formaldehyde demonstrated a cytotoxic effect to U2OS cells in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The 50% inhibition concentration of formaldehyde was about 3 mM. Formaldehyde also inhibited cell proliferation during a 3-day culture period (p<0.05). To determine whether glutathione (GSH) levels were important in the cytotoxicity of formaldehyde, we pretreated cells with the GSH precursor, 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ) to boost thiol levels, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to deplete GSH. The addition of OTZ acted as a protective effect on the formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity (p<0.05). In contrast, the addition of BSO enhanced the formaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity (p<0.05). Taken together, the levels of formaldehyde tested inhibited cell growth and proliferation on U2OS cells. Formaldehyde has significant potential for periapical toxicity. These inhibitory effects were associated with intracellular GSH levels.
|
['Buthionine Sulfoximine', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Formaldehyde', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Osteoblasts', 'Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid', 'Root Canal Filling Materials', 'Thiazolidines']
| 17,385,229
|
[['D02.886.030.676.620.125', 'D12.125.166.676.620.125'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.047.407'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D03.383.773.812.718', 'D12.125.067.625.850', 'D12.125.072.401.761'], ['D25.339.859', 'J01.637.051.339.859'], ['D02.886.675.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of the catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism on white matter connectivity in patients with panic disorder.
|
BACKGROUND: The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene val158met polymorphism (rs4680) has been found to be associated with various psychiatric phenotypes including panic disorder. Considering the probable genetic influence of COMT on the pathogenesis of panic disorder and white matter connectivity, the present study investigated white matter connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging in relation to the COMT genotype in panic disorder.METHODS: Twenty-six patients with panic disorder and twenty-six age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Brain magnetic resonance scans and genotype analysis for COMT rs4680 were conducted. Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire, and Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised were assessed. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used for image analysis.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in white matter analysis between panic disorder and healthy controls. However, TBSS analysis showed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in posterior thalamic radiation, posterior and superior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and sagittal stratum, all located in the right hemisphere in COMT AA/AG genotype group compared to GG genotype in panic disorder. Voxelwise correlational analysis revealed the symptom severity scores are correlated with the FA in white matter tracts that previously showed significant group differences between AA/AG and GG genotypes in COMT AA/AG genotype group, while no significant correlation was found in GG genotype group.LIMITATIONS: The sample size in each group was small, hence, further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our findings.CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that COMT rs4680 could affect the white matter connectivity in panic disorder.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Catechol O-Methyltransferase', 'Diffusion Tensor Imaging', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Panic Disorder', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Young Adult']
| 23,141,115
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.250'], ['E01.370.350.578.750', 'E01.370.350.825.500.150.500', 'E01.370.376.537.500', 'E05.629.750'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F03.080.700'], ['G05.365.795'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reaction mechanism of recombinant 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III from Cuphea wrightii embryo, a fatty acid synthase type II condensing enzyme.
|
A unique feature of fatty acid synthase (FAS) type II of higher plants and bacteria is 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)] synthase III (KAS III), which catalyses the committing condensing reaction. Working with KAS IIIs from Cuphea seeds we obtained kinetic evidence that KAS III catalysis follows a Ping-Pong mechanism and that these enzymes have substrate-binding sites for acetyl-CoA and malonyl-ACP. It was the aim of the present study to identify these binding sites and to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of recombinant Cuphea wrightii KAS III, which we expressed in Escherichia coli. We engineered mutants, which allowed us to dissect the condensing reaction into three stages, i.e. formation of acyl-enzyme, decarboxylation of malonyl-ACP, and final Claisen condensation. Incubation of recombinant enzyme with [1-(14)C]acetyl-CoA-labelled Cys(111), and the replacement of this residue by Ala and Ser resulted in loss of overall condensing activity. The Cys(111)Ser mutant, however, still was able to bind acetyl-CoA and to catalyse subsequent binding and decarboxylation of malonyl-ACP to acetyl-ACP. We replaced His(261) with Ala and Arg and found that the former lost activity, whereas the latter retained overall condensing activity, which indicated a general-base action of His(261). Double mutants Cys(111)Ser/His(261)Ala and Cys(111)Ser/His(261)Arg were not able to catalyse overall condensation, but the double mutant containing Arg induced decarboxylation of [2-(14)C]malonyl-ACP, a reaction indicating the role of His(261) in general-acid catalysis. Finally, alanine scanning revealed the involvement of Arg(150) and Arg(306) in KAS III catalysis. The results offer for the first time a detailed mechanism for a condensing reaction catalysed by a FAS type II condensing enzyme.
|
['3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase', 'Base Sequence', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA Primers', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fatty Acid Synthases', 'Kinetics', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Seeds', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 10,600,651
|
[['D08.811.913.050.622'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D08.811.277.352.897.387', 'D08.811.520.241.300.287', 'D08.811.682.047.820.196.500', 'D08.811.913.050.134.029.500', 'D08.811.913.050.170.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D12.776.828'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Reasons for underuse of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation-associated stroke: prospective study of German stroke patients].
|
Oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (AF) is effective in primary and secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke, but is often underused in practice. The detailed reasons for non-use of oral anticoagulation are less well known. We prospectively analyzed 105 consecutive cases of acute ischemic stroke associated with atrial fibrillation. Patients were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The most frequent reasons for underuse were: unknown AF (43 %). In case of known AF: reluctance of patients (30 %), contraindications (25 %) and compliance problems (20 %). There was good agreement between patients and physicians views about nonuse or aborted use of oral anticoagulation (kappa 0.64 and 0.93, respectively). Unknown atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cause of underutilization of oral anticoagulation in acute stroke patients. Since atrial fibrillation is easy to detect in most cases, it could be worthwhile to screen elderly patients without contraindications for anticoagulation.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Aged', 'Anticoagulants', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Drug Utilization', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke']
| 18,604,772
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Screening programs to identify children at risk for diabetes mellitus: psychological impact on children and parents.
|
Screening programs to identify persons atrisk for diabetes mellitus (DM), before disease onset, are considered essential to understanding the natural history of the disease and for prevention program development. However, screening programs are complicated by imprecise markers of disease risk, the absence of a known effective prevention method, the use of children, and a wide variety of psychological, social, and educational challenges. Research relevant to four issues is presented: (1) parent and child anxiety in response to at-risk notification as well as how participants cope with this news; (2) accuracy of mothers' understanding of their babies' risk status; (3) predictors of participant recruitment and retention in longitudinal studies of this type; and (4) protocol compliance in prevention trials for type 1 DM. Integration of behavioral research into screening and prevention trials would help address the ethical concerns raised by such trials and improve their scientific quality.
|
['Anxiety', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Humans', 'Mass Screening', 'Parents', 'Risk Factors']
| 11,393,559
|
[['F01.470.132'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340', 'M01.620'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Talker- and language-specific effects on speech intelligibility in noise assessed with bilingual talkers: Which language is more robust against noise and reverberation?
|
OBJECTIVE: Investigate talker- and language-specific aspects of speech intelligibility in noise and reverberation using highly comparable matrix sentence tests across languages.DESIGN: Matrix sentences spoken by German/Russian and German/Spanish bilingual talkers were recorded. These sentences were used to measure speech reception thresholds (SRTs) with native listeners in the respective languages in different listening conditions (stationary and fluctuating noise, multi-talker babble, reverberated speech-in-noise condition).STUDY SAMPLE: Four German/Russian and four German/Spanish bilingual talkers; 20 native German-speaking, 10 native Russian-speaking, and 10 native Spanish-speaking listeners.RESULTS: Across-talker SRT differences of up to 6 dB were found for both groups of bilinguals. SRTs of German/Russian bilingual talkers were the same in both languages. SRTs of German/Spanish bilingual talkers were higher when they talked in Spanish than when they talked in German. The benefit from listening in the gaps was similar across all languages. The detrimental effect of reverberation was larger for Spanish than for German and Russian.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations set by the number and slight accentedness of talkers and other possible confounding factors, talker- and test-condition-dependent differences were isolated from the language effect: Russian and German exhibited similar intelligibility in noise and reverberation, whereas Spanish was more impaired in these situations.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Acoustics', 'Adult', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Comprehension', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multilingualism', 'Noise', 'Observer Variation', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sound Spectrography', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Speech Intelligibility', 'Speech Perception', 'Speech Reception Threshold Test', 'Vibration', 'Voice Quality', 'Young Adult']
| 26,486,466
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['H01.671.031'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.559.423.452'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.855'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['F01.145.209.908.677.610', 'G11.561.812.686'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.060.760'], ['G01.374.930'], ['G09.772.925.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Conditioned fear exacerbates acute morphine dependence.
|
A variety of physical stressors have been shown to enhance reactivity to opioid drugs. Few studies have examined the effects of nonphysical stressors on opioid drug reactivity. In this regard, it has previously been shown that animals administered morphine in the presence of shock-associated cues demonstrate increases in hypoalgesia relative to nonshock control animals. These findings have typically been viewed as being mediated by the activation of endogenous pain inhibition systems via conditioned fear. In this series, we further examined the nature of these effects by assessing the effects of conditioned fear on acute morphine dependence. Experiment 1 revealed that animals administered 3 mg/kg morphine in the presence of context fear cues demonstrated an enhanced withdrawal response when removed and administered 3 mg/kg naloxone. Because it is known that conditioning effects do not diminish over time, a second experiment examined whether the enhancement of acute dependence by context fear would still be evident 72 h postconditioning. As in Experiment 1, animals administered morphine in a context associated with shock demonstrated an enhancement of acute dependence. Experiment 2b revealed that the shock parameters used in these studies can induce a hypoalgesic response on the test that is opioid mediated. These findings are discussed with regard to the neuroanatomy of fear systems as they relate to the neuropharmacological study of opioid withdrawal.
|
['Animals', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Electroshock', 'Fear', 'Male', 'Morphine Dependence', 'Naloxone', 'Pain Measurement', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Substance Withdrawal Syndrome']
| 7,667,361
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['E05.723.402.403', 'F04.669.224'], ['F01.470.361'], ['C25.775.643.500.600', 'F03.900.647.500.600'], ['D03.132.577.249.706', 'D03.605.497.750', 'D03.633.400.686.750', 'D04.615.723.795.706'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C25.775.835', 'F03.900.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Making health care more sustainable: the case of the English NHS.
|
The NHS is the most revered organisation in Britain: 'the proudest achievement of our modern society'. It is certainly the largest, although since its inception in 1948 it has operated in a government-funded environment of restricted resources. Nevertheless, it has also benefitted from a generally effective model of intervention centred on a hospital care system integrating specialist and emergency care and a primary care system which functions as both a source of treatment and a gatekeeper to specialist care. New circumstances, including environmentally-generated risk and a shifting disease reality, challenges the adequacy of this model. This paper argues that these new circumstances, some of which have seen a legislative response by government, mean that the NHS has to apply sustainable development thinking programmatically throughout its management and operations. It is also argued that the organisation needs to refocus towards prevention particularly in order to stem the rising tide of non-communicable disease. This paper sets out the thinking and actions of the Sustainable Development Unit, which has the task of developing and implanting sustainability concepts in the NHS. It is argued that the cause of sustainable development calls for a mix of cultural and technological shifts, new incentives and a rolling programme of innovative change. Some examples of success are presented.
|
['Delivery of Health Care', 'Humans', 'State Medicine', 'United Kingdom']
| 26,410,181
|
[['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The 5-D itch scale: a new measure of pruritus.
|
BACKGROUND: Itching is a subjective and multidimensional experience which is difficult to quantify. Most methodologies to assess itching suffer from being unidimensional, for example only measuring intensity without impact on quality of life, or only measuring scratching activity. None has actually been demonstrated to be able to detect change over time, which is essential to using them as an outcome measure of response to an intervention. The 5-D itch scale was developed as a brief but multidimensional questionnaire designed to be useful as an outcome measure in clinical trials. The five dimensions are degree, duration, direction, disability and distribution.OBJECTIVES: To study the 5-D with respect to validity, reliability and response to change.METHODS: The 5-D was administered to 234 individuals with chronic pruritus due to liver disease (n = 63), kidney disease (n = 36), dermatological disorders (n = 56), HIV/AIDS (n = 28) and burn injuries (n = 51). The 5-D was administered at baseline and after a 6-week follow-up period. A subset of 50 untreated patients was retested after 3 days to assess test-retest reliability.RESULTS: The 5-D score correlated strongly with a visual analogue score: r = 0.727 at baseline (P < 0.0001), r = 0.868 at the 3-day repeat (P < 0.0001), and r = 0.892 at the 6-week follow-up (P < 0.0001). There was no change in mean 5-D score between day 1 and day 3 in untreated individuals (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, P < 0.0001). The 5-D did, however, detect significant changes in pruritus over the 6-week follow-up period (P < 0.0001). Subanalysis of the different patient groups revealed similar response patterns and scores, with the exception of lower total scores for the burn victims due to lower scores on the distribution domain because they itched only at the site of their burn.CONCLUSIONS: The 5-D, therefore, is a reliable, multidimensional measure of itching that has been validated in patients with chronic pruritus to able to detect changes over time. The 5-D should be useful as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
|
['Adult', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pruritus', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,995,367
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.800.685', 'C23.888.885.625'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
3D Shape-Based Body Composition Inference Model Using a Bayesian Network.
|
Body composition can be assessed in many different ways. High-end medical equipment, such as Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), Computed Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers high-fidelity pixel/voxel-level assessment, but is prohibitive in cost. In the case of DXA and CT, the approach exposes users to ionizing radiation. Whole-body air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD) can accurately estimate body density, but the assessment is limited to the whole-body fat percentage. Optical three-dimensional (3D) scan and reconstruction techniques, such as using depth cameras, have brought new opportunities for improving body composition assessment by intelligently analyzing body shape features. In this paper, we present a novel supervised inference model to predict pixel-level body composition and percentage of body fat using 3D geometry features and body density. First, we use body density to model a fat distribution base prediction. Then, we use a Bayesian network to infer the probability of the base prediction bias with 3D geometry features. Finally, we correct the bias using non-parametric regression. We use DXA assessment as the ground truth in model training and validation. We compare our method, in terms of pixel-level body composition assessment, with the current state-of-the-art prediction models. Our method outperforms those prediction models by 52.69% on average. We also compare our method, in terms of whole-body fat percentage assessment, with the medical-level equipment-BOD POD. Our method outperforms the BOD POD by 23.28%.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Body Composition', 'Data Mining', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Supervised Machine Learning', 'Whole Body Imaging']
| 30,843,854
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['G17.035.250.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500'], ['E01.370.350.925', 'E05.979']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
ADA-07 Suppresses Solar Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis by Directly Inhibiting TOPK.
|
Cumulative exposure to solar ultraviolet (SUV) irradiation is regarded as the major etiologic factor in the development of skin cancer. The activation of the MAPK cascades occurs rapidly and is vital in the regulation of SUV-induced cellular responses. The T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), an upstream activator of MAPKs, is heavily involved in inflammation, DNA damage, and tumor development. However, the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of specific TOPK inhibitors in SUV-induced skin cancer have not yet been elucidated. In the current study, ADA-07, a novel TOPK inhibitor, was synthesized and characterized. Pull-down assay results, ATP competition, and in vitro kinase assay data revealed that ADA-07 interacted with TOPK at the ATP-binding pocket and inhibited its kinase activity. Western blot analysis showed that ADA-07 suppressed SUV-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNKs and subsequently inhibited AP-1 activity. Importantly, topical treatment with ADA-07 dramatically attenuated tumor incidence, multiplicity, and volume in SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to chronic SUV. Our findings suggest that ADA-07 is a promising chemopreventive or potential therapeutic agent against SUV-induced skin carcinogenesis that acts by specifically targeting TOPK. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1843-54. ©2017 AACR.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']
| 28,655,782
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.565', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.200', 'D12.644.360.440', 'D12.776.476.440'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['E05.337.550.200.900', 'E05.624.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Prostaglandin E1 decreases the low-density-lipoprotein entry into rabbit arterial wall.
|
1. In 72 male rabbits fed a 1% cholesterol supplemented diet the effect of a 4 weeks daily infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, 20 micrograms kg-1 min-1 over 2 h) on [125I]-low density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation (10 microCi; 0.5 mg protein ml-1) was examined versus sham-treatment after removal of the endothelium of the abdominal aorta by a Fogarthy catheter. 2. The uptake of [125I]-LDL was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in endothelium-free aortic segments (showing the highest peak maximum at around 12 h after 125I-injection) as compared to aortic segments with endothelium intact (showing the lowest uptake of [125I]-LDL with the peak maximum at 48 h, last control time). Segments with the endothelium restored showed a similar LDL-retention curve to segments with endothelium however, being again significantly (P less than 0.01) higher. 3. PGE1-treatment caused reduction in LDL-accumulation, being significantly (P less than 0.001) pronounced in segments without endothelium and in segments with endothelium restored. 4. The findings indicate a beneficial effect of PGE1 in lipid metabolism by decreasing the LDL-influx into the arterial wall in-vivo.
|
['Alprostadil', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Abdominal', 'Arteries', 'Cholesterol, Dietary', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Rabbits']
| 1,933,127
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.250.100', 'D10.251.355.325.050', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056.205'], ['A07.015.114'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.225', 'D10.212.302.347', 'D10.570.938.208.222'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.481'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serological and biomolecular survey on canine herpesvirus-1 infection in a dog breeding kennel.
|
Canine herpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) is a globally distributed pathogen causing reproductive, respiratory, ocular and neurological disorders in adult dogs and neonatal death in puppies. This pathogen is considered poorly immunogenic, and neutralizing antibodies are found for only a short time following exposure. Further, seroprevalence can be affected by several epidemiological factors. A virological survey was conducted in a high-density population breeding kennel in Central Italy. There were several factors predisposing animals to CaHV-1 infection, such as age, number of pregnancies, experience with mating and dog shows, cases of abortion, management and environmental hygiene. Serum neutralization (SN) and nested PCR assays were used to estimate prevalence of CaHV-1. None of the submitted samples tested positive for nested PCR, and none of the sera tested CaHV-1 positive. No association was observed between antibody titers and risk factors, and no sign of viral reactivation was detected in either males or females. These results suggest that CaHV-1 is not circulating within this kennel and that further studies are needed in order to better understand the distribution of the virus within Italy.
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Herpesvirus 1, Canid', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Serologic Tests']
| 26,726,105
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C01.925.256.466'], ['B04.280.382.100.900.420'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The inhibitor of F VIIa in plasma measured with a sensitive chromogenic substrate assay: comparison with antithrombin, protein C and heparin cofactor II in a clinical material.
|
The plasma inhibitor(s) of factor VIIa-tissue thromboplastin cooperates with factor Xa. This "Extrinsic Pathway Inhibitor" has been quantitated with a sensitive chromogenic substrate assay. Gel filtration of plasma separates 3 EPI peaks. Postoperatively, both EPI and the other coagulation inhibitors decrease. Unlike the other inhibitors, EPI is usually normal in severe liver cirrhosis. In disseminated intravascular coagulation, EPI levels vary considerably.
|
['Antithrombins', 'Biomarkers', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Factor VII', 'Factor VIIa', 'Glycoproteins', 'Heparin Cofactor II', 'Humans', 'Pneumonia', 'Protein C']
| 2,465,215
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.800.449', 'D27.505.954.502.119.500'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['D08.622.432', 'D12.776.124.125.325', 'D12.776.811.243.432', 'D23.119.325'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.300', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.300', 'D12.776.124.125.325.300', 'D23.119.325.300'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.644.861.060.750', 'D12.776.124.790.106.450', 'D12.776.377.715.085.450', 'D12.776.872.060.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['D08.622.705', 'D12.776.124.650', 'D12.776.395.635', 'D12.776.811.243.705', 'D23.113.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebrofaciothoracic syndrome.
|
We report on a patient with a large septum pellucidum, hypodensity of gray matter, hypertelorism, and costovertebral anomalies. Only 5 previous cases have been described with this distinctive phenotype. Autosomal recessive inheritance seems likely.
|
['Abnormalities, Multiple', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Hypertelorism', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Phenotype', 'Syndrome', 'Thoracic Vertebrae']
| 8,669,442
|
[['C16.131.077'], ['A08.186.211'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.099.370.231.480', 'C05.660.207.231.480', 'C16.131.621.207.231.480'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G05.695'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['A02.835.232.834.892']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Type II papillary histology predicts poor outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma and vena cava thrombus.
|
UNLABELLED: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? In patients with pRCC, the presence of venous tumour thrombus is known to be a predictor of poorer outcomes. However, a paucity of data is available regarding the prognostic significance of histology in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus. In our series, we found that patients with type II pRCC had significantly poorer outcomes when compared to those with cRCC. Although the lack of effective treatment for patients with metastatic pRCC may have contributed to these adverse outcomes, type II papillary histology was independent predictor not only of CSS but also of RFS.OBJECTIVE: • To analyze the prognostic impact of papillary histology on oncological outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus.PATIENTS AND METHODS: • We reviewed the medical records of 74 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy between 1990 and 2010 for clear cell or papillary RCC. • We compared the clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes of 62 patients with clear cell RCC (cRCC) and 12 with papillary RCC (pRCC). • All cases of pRCC were subdivided into type I or type II. • The prognostic role of papillary histology on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated using Cox's regression models.RESULTS: • Upon reclassification of the pRCC subtype, all 12 patients with pRCC had type II tumours. • Patients with type II pRCC were significantly younger (P=0.028) and were more probably women (P=0.025) than those with cRCC • The 2- and 5-year CSS rates were 81.1% and 53.6% in cRCC patients, and 28.1% and 0% in type II pRCC patients, respectively. All eight patients with non-metastatic type II pRCC developed disease recurrence at a median interval of 6 months after surgery, whereas 25 of 44 (56.8%) patients with non-metastatic cRCC experienced such recurrence at a median interval of 10 months after surgery. • Patients with type II pRCC showed significantly lower CSS (P<0.001) and RFS (P=0.002) than those with cRCC. • On multivariate analysis, type II papillary histology was an independent predictor of CSS (hazard ratio, 3.73; P=0.003) and RFS (hazard ratio, 3.15; P=0.015).CONCLUSIONS: • Type II papillary histology appears to be predominant in cases of pRCC with IVC thrombus. • Patients with type II pRCC who presented with IVC thrombus had significantly worse outcomes than those with cRCC, and histology is an important prognostic factor in patients with RCC and IVC thrombus.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Republic of Korea', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Thrombectomy', 'Vena Cava, Inferior', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 22,973,869
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E04.100.814.842'], ['A07.015.908.949.648'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Obesity increases sensitivity to endotoxin liver injury: implications for the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis.
|
Genetically obese fatty/fatty rats and obese/obese mice exhibit increased sensitivity to endotoxin hepatotoxicity, quickly developing steatohepatitis after exposure to low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Among obese animals, females are more sensitive to endotoxin liver injury than males. LPS induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), the proven affecter of endotoxin liver injury, is no greater in the livers, white adipose tissues, or sera of obese animals than in those of lean controls. Indeed, the lowest serum concentrations of TNF occur in female obese rodents, which exhibit the most endotoxin-induced liver injury. Several cytokines that modulate the biological activity of TNF are regulated abnormally in the livers of obese animals. After exposure to LPS, mRNA of interferon gamma, which sensitizes hepatocytes to TNF toxicity, is overexpressed, and mRNA levels of interleukin 10, a TNF inhibitor, are decreased. The phagocytic activity of liver macrophages and the hepatic expression of a gene encoding a macrophage-specific receptor are also decreased in obesity. This new animal model of obesity-associated liver disease demonstrates that hepatic macrophage dysfunction occurs in obesity and suggests that this might promote steatohepatitis by sensitizing hepatocytes to endotoxin.
|
['Animals', 'Escherichia coli', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Hepatitis, Animal', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Obese', 'Obesity', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Zucker', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 9,122,234
|
[['B01.050'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C06.552.241'], ['C01.436', 'C06.552.380.315', 'C22.467'], ['A11.329.372.588', 'A11.627.482.588', 'A11.733.397.588', 'A15.382.670.522.588', 'A15.382.680.397.588'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.530'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.700'], ['G08.686.815'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Camperdown Program for adults who stutter: a student training clinic Phase I trial.
|
OBJECTIVES: During speech pathology professional preparation there is a need for adequate student instruction with speech-restructuring treatments for adults. An important part of that clinical educational experience is to participate in a clinical setting that produces outcomes equivalent to those attained during clinical trials. A previous report showed that this is possible with a traditional, intensive speech-restructuring treatment. Considering the treatment process advantages and time efficiency of the Camperdown Program, it is arguably a compelling prospect for clinician education. Therefore, the present study is a Phase I trial of the treatment at a student university clinic, with a similar design to a previous report.BACKGROUND: During speech pathology professional preparation there is a need for adequate student instruction with speech-restructuring treatments for adults. An important part of that clinical educational experience is to participate in a clinical setting that produces outcomes equivalent to those attained during clinical trials. A previous report showed that this is possible with a traditional, intensive speech-restructuring treatment. Considering the treatment process advantages and time efficiency of the Camperdown Program, it is arguably a compelling prospect for clinician education.AIMS: The present study is a Phase I trial of the treatment at a student university clinic, with a similar design to a previous report.METHODS & PROCEDURES: The design was a non-randomized Phase I clinical trial with 12 adult participants. Primary outcomes were per cent syllables stuttered (%SS) within and beyond the clinic, and speech naturalness scores from pre- and post-treatment stutter-free speech samples.OUTCOMES & RESULTS: Pooled %SS scores pre-treatment were 5.7, at immediate post-treatment were 1.0, and at 12 months post-treatment were 2.4. The group speech naturalness scores post-treatment did not increase to a clinically significant extent.CONCLUSION & IMPLICATIONS: Results essentially replicate the previous study by producing similar outcomes to those attained with clinical trials. The Camperdown Program is recommended as a clinical environment for speech-restructuring speech pathology student training.
|
['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Program Evaluation', 'Speech', 'Speech Production Measurement', 'Speech Therapy', 'Stuttering', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 22,788,223
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.278.035'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.354.753', 'N02.421.450.600', 'N05.715.350.150.675', 'N06.850.490.500.250'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['E01.370.760'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.727.552', 'E02.831.727.552'], ['C10.597.606.150.500.800.750', 'C23.888.592.604.150.500.800.750'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Relationship with health care provider and adherence to HIV medications.
|
Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral medications was reported in a sample of 97 inner-city residents with HIV/AIDS. Most respondents had been seeing the same physician for several years. Those who perceived themselves to be more engaged with their health care provider also reported better treatment adherence. This finding, though, should be viewed with caution since self-reported measures were used. Interventions that target adherence could include patients' perceptions of providers.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Patient Compliance', 'Physician-Patient Relations']
| 14,650,680
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction with mass spectrometry for the analysis of biological samples. II. Determination of clenbuterol in urine using multiple-stage mass spectrometry in an ion-trap mass spectrometer.
|
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) was coupled to ion-trap mass spectrometry to determine clenbuterol in urine. For SPE a cartridge exchanger was used and, after extraction, the eluate was directly introduced into the mass spectrometer. For two types of cartridges, i.e. C18 and polydivinylbenzene (PDVB), the total SPE procedure (including injection of 1 mL urine, washing, and desorption) has been optimised. The total analysis, including SPE, elution, and detection, took 8.5 min with PDVB cartridges, while an analysis time of 11.5 min was obtained with C18 cartridges. A considerable amount of matrix was present after extraction of urine over C18 cartridges, resulting in significant ion suppression. With PDVB cartridges, the matrix was less prominent, and less ion suppression was observed. For single MS, a detection limit (LOD) of about 25 ng/mL was found with PDVB cartridges. With C18 cartridges an LOD of only about 50 ng/mL could be obtained. Applying tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) did not lead to an improved LOD due to an interfering compound. However, a considerable improvement in the LOD was obtained with MS3. The selectivity and sensitivity were increased by the combination of efficient fragmentation of clenbuterol and reduction of the noise. Detection limits of 2 and 0.5 ng/mL were obtained with C18 and PDVB cartridges, respectively. The ion suppression was 4 to 45% (concentration range: 250 to 1.0 ng/mL) after extraction of urine using PDVB cartridges, and up to 70% ion suppression was observed using C18 cartridges. With MS4, no further improvement in selectivity and sensitivity was achieved, due to inefficient fragmentation of clenbuterol and no further reduction of noise.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Hydrolysis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptides', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Trypsin']
| 11,114,016
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125.067.500', 'D12.125.119.170', 'D12.125.427.040'], ['G02.380'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus).
|
To estimate the prevalence of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in red deer (Cervus elaphus) living in Italian areas with high risk of arthropod exposure, blood samples from 60 red deer were tested by PCR for A. phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and piroplasms. Thirty-four (56.67%) animals resulted positive for one or more pathogens. In particular, 24 (40%) red deer were positive for A. phagocytophilum, 16 (26.67%) for Babesia divergens, 6 (10%) for C. burnetii, 2 (3.33%) for B. burgdorferi s.l. No positive reaction was observed for F. tularensis. Thirteen (21.67%) animals resulted co-infected by two or three pathogens. Red deer is confirmed as competent reservoir of A. phagocytophilum and B. divergens, but not of B. burgdorferi. This is the first report of C. burnetii-positive red deer in central Italy. Hunters may be at risk of infection both through infected ticks and during the infected cervids carcasses dressing.
|
['Anaplasma phagocytophilum', 'Animals', 'Animals, Wild', 'Babesia', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'Coxiella burnetii', 'Deer', 'Disease Reservoirs', 'Ehrlichiosis', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Italy', 'Ixodes', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tick-Borne Diseases', 'Zoonoses']
| 27,477,510
|
[['B03.440.664.750.050.600', 'B03.660.050.783.500.050.600'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.300'], ['B01.043.075.600.580.070'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150.125', 'B03.851.595.193.150.125'], ['B03.440.400.425.297.150.100', 'B03.660.250.132.150.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['N06.850.520.203.250'], ['C01.150.252.400.054.750', 'C01.150.252.400.285', 'C01.920.930.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.425'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['C01.920.930'], ['C01.973', 'C22.969']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The use of potato fibre to improve bread physico-chemical properties during storage.
|
Bread staling reduction is a very important issue for the food industry. A fibre with high water holding capacity, extracted from potato peel, was studied for its ability to reduce bread staling even if employed at low level (0.4 g fibre/100 g flour). Physico-chemical properties (water activity, moisture content, frozen water content, amylopectin retrogradation) and (1)H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance molecular mobility were characterised in potato fibre added bread over 7 days of storage. Potato fibre addition in bread slightly affected water activity and moisture content, while increased frozen water content and resulted in a softer bread crumb, more importantly when the optimal amount of water was used in the formulation. Potato fibre also reduced (1)H NMR molecular mobility changes in bread crumb during storage. Potato fibre addition in bread contributed to reduce bread staling.
|
['Bread', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Food Storage', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Water']
| 26,575,713
|
[['G07.203.300.100', 'J02.500.100'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['J01.576.423.200.387'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diethyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-neolign-7,7'-dien-9,9'-dionate exhibits antihypertensive activity in rats through increase in intracellular cGMP level and blockade of calcium channels.
|
We report here the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant potential of some steroidal and non-steroidal compounds identified through a library of compounds. All the novel analogues showed vasorelaxant potential in isolated rat aorta. The most potent lead neolignan1 (Diethyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-neolign-7,7'-dien-9,9'-dionate) produced concentration dependent relaxation with [pD2 5.16±0.05; n=16 and Emax 96.97%±1.12%; n=16]. The neolignan1 relaxation is independent of endothelium and is sensitive to ODQ (1H-[1, 2, 4] oxadiazolo [4, 3-a] quinoxalin-1-one; a blocker of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) which synthesizes cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)). ELISA analysis of treated arterial tissues showed concentration-dependent increase in cGMP level in treated tissues compared to control (2.03 and 7.16 fold of control at 10 and 30µM of neolignan1, respectively) and a synergistic increase in cGMP level by 26.66 fold compared to control when used in combination with sildenafil (10µM; a known inducer of cGMP level by selectively blocking cGMP specific phosphodiesterase 5). Our present study reports for the first time that neolignans produce relaxation in isolated rat aorta through increase in intracellular cGMP level. The ODQ resistant relaxation of neolignan1 is mediated by blockade of voltage dependent L-type calcium channel (VDCC) as observed in the experiment with CaCl2. Neolignan1 upon intravenous administration via tail vein in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) produced significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP). The present study concludes that neolignan1 exhibited antihypertensive potential in rats through rise in intracellular cGMP and blockade of VDCC.
|
['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Aorta', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels', 'Coumaric Acids', 'Cyclic GMP', 'Intracellular Space', 'Lignans', 'Male', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Potassium Channels', 'Protein Conformation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Vasodilation']
| 28,159,537
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150'], ['D02.241.223.200.210'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.160', 'D13.695.462.275', 'D13.695.667.454.160', 'D13.695.827.426.160'], ['A10.082.750', 'A11.284.430'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases in dental epithelial cells and enameloid during odontogenesis in two teleost fish, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia buttikoferi.
|
The dental epithelial cells and enameloid at the stages of enameloid matrix formation, mineralization and maturation in the teleosts Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia buttikoferi were investigated by means of enzyme histochemistry in order to identify their functions associated with the structural modification. No marked enzyme activities were found in the inner dental epithelial cells in the stage of enameloid matrix formation, although the outer dental epithelial cells often exhibited moderate alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity. In the stages of enameloid mineralization and maturation, the inner dental epithelial cells, which possessed a ruffled border at the distal ends, showed intense ALPase activity at their lateral and proximal cell membranes. At the same time, many acid phosphatase (ACPase)-positive vesicles and granules were localized at the distal cytoplasm of the inner dental epithelial cells. The outer dental epithelial cells, which contained well-developed labyrinthine canalicular spaces, showed neither marked ALPase nor ACPase activity. It is postulated that the dental epithelial cells in these two teleosts are mainly involved in the removal of the organic matrix from the enameloid, and in material transport to the enameloid during the later half of odontogenesis.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Dental Enamel', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Odontogenesis', 'Tilapia']
| 9,541,265
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['A11.436'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.200.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Oocyte maturation in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): effects of steroids on germinal vesicle breakdown of intact follicles in vitro.
|
The effects of several steroids on the maturation of follicle-enclosed oocytes of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in vitro were examined. At a relatively high concentration (1.0 microgram/ml), a number of different steroids, including pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, corticosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, were able to induce germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in prematuration oocytes. Cholesterol, 17 beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone were totally ineffective. In general, 11-oxysteroids tended to be less effective than their 11-deoxysteroid counterparts. Two 20 beta-dihydroprogestins--17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone and 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone--were the most potent maturation-inducing steroids, initiating 50% GVBD at 1 ng/ml in follicles obtained from ovaries containing mature or maturing follicles in vivo, or at 2.5-4.0 ng/ml in follicles from ovaries lacking mature or maturing oocytes in vivo. These results are consistent with several previous studies involving salmonids and various other teleosts, and suggest a possible physiological role for a 20 beta-dihydroprogestin in the resumption of meiotic maturation in F. heteroclitus.
|
['20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone', 'Animals', 'Cyprinodontiformes', 'Female', 'Hydroxyprogesterones', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Killifishes', 'Oocytes', 'Oogenesis', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Steroids']
| 3,781,226
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.100', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750.074'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.280'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750.478'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.850.280.500'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G04.152.650.249', 'G08.686.784.310.500'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535', 'A06.300.312.497.535'], ['D04.210.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Proposal for a unified selection to medical residency programs.
|
OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes the unification of entrance exams to medical residency programs (MRP) in Brazil. Problems related to MRP and its interface with public health problems in Brazil are highlighted and how this proposal are able to help solving these problems.METHODS: The proposal is to create a database to be applied in MRP unified exams. Some advantages of using the Item Response Theory (IRT) in this database are highlighted.RESULTS: The MRP entrance exams are developed and applied decentralized where each school is responsible for its examination. These exams quality are questionable. Reviews about items quality, validity and reliability of appliances are not common disclosed.CONCLUSION: Evaluation is important in every education system bringing on required changes and control of teaching and learning. The proposal of MRP entrance exams unification, besides offering high quality exams to institutions participants, could be as an extra source to rate medical school and cause improvements, provide studies with a database and allow a regional mobility.
|
['Brazil', 'Clinical Competence', 'Curriculum', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Humans', 'Internship and Residency', 'Models, Educational', 'Quality Assurance, Health Care', 'Teaching']
| 24,215,667
|
[['Z01.107.757.176'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['I02.399'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.337.350.500', 'I02.358.399.350.750'], ['E05.599.545', 'I02.903.302'], ['N04.761.700', 'N05.700'], ['I02.903']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Correlates of fatigue phenomenon in palliative care patients with advance cancers in Taiwan.
|
BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a multidimensional phenomenon that has different meanings according to different societal and cultural settings. This study aims to decipher fatigue in Taiwanese patients with cancer.METHODS: We recruited 440 patients with advanced cancer admitted consecutively to the palliative care unit of a major medical center in Taiwan. The data were collected at admission, 1 and 2 weeks after admission, and 2 days before death.RESULTS: The subject group consisted of 51.8% males and 48.2% females with a median age of 67 years (ranging from 27 to 93 years). The leading primary tumor sites among these patients were lung (20.2%), liver (18.0%), and colon-rectum (10.7%), and the median survival was 15 days, with a range of 1 to 418 days. All symptoms improved 1 week after admission, but most of them significantly worsened 2 days before death. In general, the physical signs manifested variation patterns similar to those of symptoms. The severity of psychosocial distress and death fear was lower after admission and retained the same level at 2 days before death, defying the consistent patterns found in other symptoms and signs. In the correlation analysis, most symptoms were correlated with fatigue during admission, with weakness being the most significant one. Although self-efficacy and emotion were correlated with fatigue both on admission and 1 week after admission, social support and death fear were not correlated with fatigue at all times.CONCLUSION: The meaning of fatigue is mainly associated with physical factors among these patients. Education of complexities in fatigue in tandem with psychosocial and spiritual care may help alleviate this symptom, and promote quality of life.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Palliative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Taiwan']
| 22,612,408
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dilemmas surrounding passive euthanasia--a Malaysian perspective.
|
In western societies where the principle of autonomy is jealously guarded, perhaps active euthanasia is more often the focus of public concern and debates rather than any other forms of euthanasia. However due to the advance in technology and its corresponding ability in prolonging life, in Malaysia passive euthanasia presents more of a dilemma. For those concerned and involved with end of life decision-making, it is generally agreed that this is an area fraught with not only medical but legal and ethical issues. In Malaysia where the society is not homogenous but is multi-cultural and multi-religious, in addition to medical, legal and ethical issues, religious principles and cultural norms further impact and play significant roles in end of life decision-making. This paper seeks to identify the issues surrounding the practice of passive euthanasia in Malaysia. It will be shown that despite applicable legal provisions, current practice of the medical profession combined with religious and cultural values together affect decision-making which involves the withholding and/or withdrawing of life-saving treatment.
|
['Euthanasia, Passive', 'Humans', 'Malaysia']
| 16,229,394
|
[['E02.760.905.199.500', 'E02.760.952.500', 'N02.421.585.905.199.625', 'N02.421.585.952.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Isolation and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Taenioides anguillaris (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae) with phylogenetic consideration.
|
Here we first isolated and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome DNA of Taenioides anguillaris. It was 16 974 bp in length, and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a putative control region. The structure and the gene arrangement of this genome were identical to those isolated from other Gobiidae fishes. Twenty-eight genes were encoded by heavy strand, while nine genes were encoded by light strand. The total nucleotide composition of this genome was 28.7% for A, 15.6% for G, 28.6% for C, and 27.1% for T, with a high A + T content of 55.8%. From the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree, we can find that T. anguillaris was genetically closest to species Odontamblyopus rubicundus among 20 species within suborder Gobioidei. This work should be helpful for the studies on population genetic diversity and molecular evolution in T. anguillaris and related fish species.
|
['Animals', 'Base Composition', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genes, Mitochondrial', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Perciformes', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 26,642,858
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.080'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.365', 'G05.420.275.500'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Binge Alcohol Is More Injurious to Liver in Female than in Male Rats: Histopathological, Pharmacologic, and Epigenetic Profiles.
|
Binge alcohol consumption is a health problem, but differences between the sexes remain poorly defined. We have examined the in vivo effects of three acute, repeat binge alcohol administration on the liver in male and female rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with alcohol (5 g/kg body weight) three times at 12-hour intervals. Blood and liver tissues were collected 4 hours after the last binge ethanol. Subsequently, several variables were analyzed. Compared with male rats, females had higher levels of blood alcohol, alanine aminotransferase, and triglycerides. Liver histology showed increased lipid vesicles that were larger in females. Protein levels of liver cytochrome P4502E1 were higher in the liver of females than in the liver of males after binge. Hepatic phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosph-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels were lower in females compared with males after binge alcohol, but no differences were found in the phospho-C-jun N-terminal kinase levels. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ã-coactivator 1á and cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein levels increased more in female than in male livers; however, increases in phospho-CREB levels were lower in females. Remarkably, c-fos was reduced substantially in the livers of females, but no differences in c-myc protein were found. Binge ethanol caused elevation in acetylated (H3AcK9) and phosphoacetylated (H3AcK9PS10) histone H3 in both sexes but without any difference. Binge alcohol caused differential alterations in the levels of various species of phosphatidylethanol and a larger increase in the diacylglycerol kinase-á protein levels in the liver of female rats compared with male rats. These data demonstrate, for the first time, similarities and differences in the sex-specific responses to repeat binge alcohol leading to an increased susceptibility of female rats to have liver injury in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study examines the molecular responses of male and female rat livers to acute binge alcohol in vivo and demonstrates significant differences in the susceptibility between sexes.
|
['Animals', 'Binge Drinking', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1', 'Diacylglycerol Kinase', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Glycerophospholipids', 'Liver', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sex Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 31,262,967
|
[['B01.050'], ['C25.775.100.437', 'F01.145.317.269.500', 'F03.900.100.550'], ['D08.244.453.491.375', 'D08.811.682.662.582.338', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.450.375', 'D12.776.422.220.453.491.375'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.200'], ['G05.308.203'], ['D02.033.375'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Association of cancer of the thyroid gland with other malignant tumors].
|
In a group of 705 cases of thyroid cancer, 30 female patients (4.2%) had malignant tumors of other sites. Primary multiple neoplasms were registered in 5.8% of female cases. Combinations of thyroid cancer with breast or reproductive organs tumors were observed most frequently: 46.6 and 30%, respectively. In 10%, a second tumor was attributed to irradiation for primary malignancy. Three neoplasms were detected in 4 cases and four--in 1 patient. Cancer patients should be followed-up for evaluating treatment results and timely diagnosis of tumors of other sites.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Lymphoma', 'Male', 'Mastectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasms, Multiple Primary', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy']
| 3,798,839
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['E04.466'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['C04.651'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E04.270.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel class of anti-DNA antibodies identified in BALB/c mice.
|
We have characterized four IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from BALB/c mice that bind double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with high affinity. The hydridomas were selected for expression of a member of the VHS107 family. Three of the four cell lines use the VH11 gene and one uses the VH1 gene. These antibodies exhibit many characteristics of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies. They are high affinity and not broadly crossreactive. Unlike the anti-DNA antibodies in autoimmune mice, they exhibit no somatic mutation in their VH genes. These results demonstrate that somatic mutation of VHS107 genes is not necessary for generating high affinity dsDNA binding. The fact that such antibodies have not previously been reported suggests that they are rare and that their expression may be downregulated in both nonautoimmune and autoimmune individuals.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Base Sequence', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cross Reactions', 'DNA', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Genes, Immunoglobulin', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunization', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin Variable Region', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Phosphorylcholine', 'RNA, Messenger']
| 1,988,536
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D12.776.157'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D13.444.308'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.335', 'G12.500.299'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.644.541.500.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.797', 'D12.776.124.790.651.680.650.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.797', 'D12.776.377.715.548.680.650.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.797', 'G02.111.570.060.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D02.092.877.883.333.700', 'D02.675.276.232.700'], ['D13.444.735.544']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bioinformatics Assembling and Assessment of Novel Coxsackievirus B1 Genome.
|
The human microbiome project via application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing techniques has found surprising large and diverse amounts of microbial sequences across different body sites. There is a wave of investigators studying autoimmune related diseases designing from birth case and control studies to elucidate microbial associations and potential direct triggers. Sequencing analysis, considered big data as it typically includes millions of reads, is challenging but particularly demanding and complex is virome profiling due to its lack of pan-viral genomic signature. Impressively thousands of virus complete genomes have been deposited and these high-quality references are core components of virus profiling pipelines and databases. Still it is commonly known that most viral sequences do not map to known viruses. Moreover human viruses, particularly RNA groups, are notoriously heterogeneous due to high mutation rates. Here, we present the related assembling challenges and a series of bioinformatics steps that were applied in the construction of the complete consensus genome of a novel clinical isolate of Coxsackievirus B1. We further demonstrate our effort in calling mutations between prototype Coxsackievirus B1 sequence from GenBank and serial clinical isolate genome grown in cell culture.
|
['Computational Biology', 'Enterovirus B, Human', 'Genome, Viral', 'Genomics', 'Humans', 'Metagenome', 'Metagenomics', 'Quality Control']
| 30,129,002
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B04.820.578.750.284.182'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.340.550'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Care diaries: a way of increasing head and neck cancer patient's involvement in their own care and the communication between clinicians.
|
Head and neck (H&N) cancer patients and their families meet a large number of clinicians during their long treatment period and many of them find it difficult to understand all the information given concerning their illness, treatment, and care. We have developed a care diary for these patients and their families, used also by the clinicians involved, to improve communication and patient involvement. The present survey was an evaluation of the helpfulness of those diaries. Anonymous answered questionnaires were collected from 42 H&N cancer patients, 28 family members, and 47 clinicians of different categories. Altogether 85% of the respondents stated that the care diaries had a positive effect on information, in general, and communication. It is recommended that care diaries should be implemented in the standard care for H&N cancer patients and their families. To improve the clinical value, it is particularly important to inform the clinicians on how to use the care diaries. The content and layout of the care diaries needs to be developed according to suggestions given from the respondents in this survey.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Communication', 'Family', 'Female', 'Forms and Records Control', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needs Assessment', 'Nursing Evaluation Research', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Nursing Records', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Patient Participation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']
| 15,253,169
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['N04.452.758.708.200.400'], ['C04.588.443'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I02.594', 'N03.349.380.565', 'N05.300.537'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.432', 'H02.478.395.432', 'N04.590.233.508.613.432'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.634', 'H02.478.395.634', 'N04.590.233.508.613.634'], ['E05.318.308.940.984', 'L01.399.250.900.984', 'N04.452.859.675', 'N05.715.360.300.715.550', 'N06.850.520.308.940.984'], ['N04.590.715'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.620', 'F01.145.488.887.500.620', 'N02.421.143.212.300', 'N03.540.245.360.300', 'N05.300.150.800.500.620'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Long-term exogenous melatonin treatment modulates overall feed efficiency and protects ovarian tissue against injuries caused by ethanol-induced oxidative stress in adult UChB rats.
|
BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake leads to reproductive damage including reactive oxygen species formation, which accelerates the oxidative process. Melatonin is known to regulate the reproductive cycle, food/liquid intake, and it may also act as a potent antioxidant indoleamine. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of alcoholism and melatonin treatment on overall feed efficiency and to analyze its protective role against the oxidative stress in the ovarian tissue of UChB rats (submitted to 10% [v/v] voluntary ethanol consumption).METHODS: Forty adult female rats (n = 10/group) were finally selected for this study: UChB Co: drinking water only; and UChB EtOH: drinking ethanol at 2 to 6 ml/100 g/d + water, both receiving 0.9% NaCl + 95% ethanol 0.04 ml as vehicle. Concomitantly, UChB Co + M and UChB EtOH + M groups were infused with vehicle + melatonin (100 ìg/100 g body weight/d) intraperitoneally over 60 days. All animals were euthanized by decapitation during the morning estrus (4 am).RESULTS: Body weight gain was reduced with ethanol plus melatonin after 40 days of treatment. In both melatonin-treated groups, it was observed a reduction in food-derived calories and liquid intake toward the end of treatment. The amount of consumed ethanol dropped during the treatment. Estrous cycle was longer in rats that received both ethanol and melatonin, with prolonged diestrus. Following to oxidative status, lipid hydroperoxide levels were higher in the ovaries of ethanol-preferring rats and decreased after melatonin treatment. Additionally, antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione reductase activity were increased in melatonin-treated groups.CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that melatonin is able to affect feed efficiency and, conversely, it protects the ovaries against the oxidative stress arising from ethanol consumption.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Body Weight', 'Central Nervous System Depressants', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Ethanol', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Glycemic Index', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Melatonin', 'Ovary', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Protective Agents', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Time Factors']
| 21,438,888
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D27.505.696.277', 'D27.505.954.427.210'], ['G08.686.195'], ['D02.033.375'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G07.203.650.660.500', 'J01.576.423.850.730.750.500', 'N06.850.601.750.500'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D27.505.696.706', 'D27.720.799'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The human hepatocyte cell lines IHH and HepaRG: models to study glucose, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.
|
Metabolic diseases reach epidemic proportions. A better knowledge of the associated alterations in the metabolic pathways in the liver is necessary. These studies need in vitro human cell models. Several human hepatoma models are used, but the response of many metabolic pathways to physiological stimuli is often lost. Here, we characterize two human hepatocyte cell lines, IHH and HepaRG, by analysing the expression and regulation of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Our results show that the glycolysis pathway is activated by glucose and insulin in both lines. Gluconeogenesis gene expression is induced by forskolin in IHH cells and inhibited by insulin in both cell lines. The lipogenic pathway is regulated by insulin in IHH cells. Finally, both cell lines secrete apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, an effect promoted by increasing glucose concentrations. These two human cell lines are thus interesting models to study the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.
|
['Apolipoproteins B', 'Cell Line', 'Colforsin', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glucose', 'Glycolysis', 'Hepatocytes', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Models, Biological', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Transfection']
| 22,594,799
|
[['D10.532.091.300', 'D12.776.070.400.300', 'D12.776.521.120.300'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.455.849.291.300'], ['G05.308'], ['G02.111.158.500', 'G03.191.500'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['A11.436.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.458'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A phase I study of erlotinib and hydroxychloroquine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
|
INTRODUCTION: This investigator-initiated study explores the safety, maximum tolerated dose, clinical response, and pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with and without erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.METHODS: Patients with prior clinical benefit from an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor were randomized to HCQ or HCQ plus erlotinib in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation schema.RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were treated, eight with HCQ (arm A) and 19 with HCQ plus erlotinib (arm B). EGFR mutations were detected in 74% of the patients and 85% had received two or more prior therapies. Arm A had no dose-limiting toxicities, but the maximum tolerated dose was not reached as this arm closed early to increase overall study accrual. In arm B, one patient each experienced grade 3 rash, nail changes, skin changes, nausea, dehydration, and neutropenia; one had grade 4 anemia; and one developed fatal pneumonitis, all considered unrelated to HCQ. There were no dose-limiting toxicities, therefore the highest tested dose for HCQ with erlotinib 150 mg was 1000 mg daily. One patient had a partial response to erlotinib/HCQ, for an overall response rate of 5% (95% confidence interval, 1-25). This patient had an EGFR mutation and remained on therapy for 20 months. Administration of HCQ did not alter the pharmacokinetics of erlotinib.CONCLUSIONS: HCQ with or without erlotinib was safe and well tolerated. The recommended phase 2 dose of HCQ was 1000 mg when given in combination with erlotinib 150 mg.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Everolimus', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hydroxychloroquine', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Maximum Tolerated Dose', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Sirolimus', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 22,878,749
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['D02.540.505.760.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180.350'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E05.940.481', 'G07.690.936.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Factors influencing central line infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of a single institutional study.
|
BACKGROUND: We compared the rates of infection in external catheters (ECs) and totally implantable devices (TIDs) and the effect of timing of insertion in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).PROCEDURE: Central line data was collected on all children with ALL referred to the National Guard Hospital, Jeddah. Data was collected retrospectively from 1996 to September 1999 and prospectively thereafter. Only ECs were inserted prior to 1999 subsequently TIDs were preferred.RESULTS: One hundred forty eight children with ALL, mean age 5.1 years had 129 ECs and 70 TIDs inserted for a total of 41,382 catheter days. The overall rate of infective episodes (infections/1,000 catheter days) was 3.43. Of the initial 148 lines 100 developed complications of which 76 (51%) were secondary to an infective episode. Only young age and treatment protocol were risk factors for first line infections (P < 0.05). There was weak evidence that ECs had an earlier time to infection compared to TIDs (P = 0.056).CONCLUSIONS: In this study, population central lines were associated with a high rate of infection. Treatment protocol and age were the only significant risk factors when only first lines were considered. Delaying catheter insertion for more than 3 weeks from diagnosis did not reduce the risk of infection.
|
['Age Factors', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infections', 'Male', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 14,966,828
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of formulation properties on chemical stability of captopril in aqueous preparations.
|
The influence of various formulation properties on the chemical stability of captopril in aqueous media at pH 3 was investigated, in order to reformulate and increase the shelf-life of an oral mixture of the drug. At this pH, chemical stability is improved by an increase in drug concentration (1-5 mg/ml) and a decrease in temperature (5-36 degrees C), the latter demonstrated by a linear Arrhenius-plot. The activation energy is low (Ea = 10.2 kcal/mol), thus the Q10 value is only 1.8 in pure aqueous solutions. The degradation at the lowest concentration investigated in pure aqueous solution apparently follows zero order kinetics. The reaction order is changed at higher concentrations. We are presenting a hypothesis of intramolecular proton transfer from the thiol to the ionized carboxylic group as the initial step in the oxidative degradation pathways of captopril. Long-term stability of 1 mg/ml captopril in aqueous solutions at pH 3, stored at 36 degrees C for one year, shows that the sugar alcohol sorbitol accelerates degradation of the drug while Na-EDTA at a concentration as low as 0.01% is sufficient to stabilize these samples. Purging with N2-gas prior to storage is not essential for drug stability, as long as Na-EDTA is present. Only at a low level of Na-EDTA (0.01%) combined with a high level of sorbitol (35%), purging with N2-gas appears to have a small effect. The destabilizing effect of sugar alcohols is confirmed by accelerated degradation also in the presence of glycerol. The efficient stabilization in the presence of Na-EDTA at a low concentration indicates that the metal-ion-catalyzed oxidation pathway dominates the chemical degradation process at low pH, although several mechanisms seem to be involved depending on excipients present.
|
['Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Buffers', 'Captopril', 'Catalysis', 'Chelating Agents', 'Chemistry, Pharmaceutical', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drug Stability', 'Drug Storage', 'Excipients', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Oxygen', 'Protons', 'Solutions', 'Solvents', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Water']
| 19,177,902
|
[['D27.505.519.389.745.085'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D12.125.072.401.623.270'], ['G02.130'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['H01.158.703.007', 'H01.181.466'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.916.330'], ['E05.916.350'], ['D26.650.700.419', 'D27.720.744.770.419'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D01.248.497.300.459.700', 'D01.268.406.750', 'D01.362.340.750', 'G01.249.660.500'], ['D26.776'], ['D27.720.844'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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[Conflict management in the workplace].
|
Our sanitary system and our health organizations have to confront the conflicts which have derived from the successive social and sanitary changes which have developed over the most recent decades. These new realities in the health fields oblige the professionals dedicated to them, the administrators of our organizations, the politicians, and society in general, as those who make use of the health services provided, to search for strategies and resources for the prevention, and transformation of those conflicts which can develop due to these situations, having as their final objective to preserve the basic principle of universal health care which is included in our Constitution. For this reason, the authors propose a profile for mediators in the health field, understanding that for mediation to really be useful, and to avoid or reduce improper litigation in our health system, values which belong to the culture of peace should be introduced into the culture of our health organizations. To that end, it is essential to count on not only professional mediators but also on an elenchus of natural mediators and informal mediators.
|
['Conflict, Psychological', 'Dissent and Disputes', 'Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Negotiating', 'Workplace']
| 20,387,409
|
[['F01.658.209'], ['F01.829.401.094', 'F02.463.785.373.476'], ['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.520', 'F01.829.401.520', 'F02.463.785.373.520', 'L01.143.620', 'N04.452.677.430'], ['N01.824.245.925', 'N04.452.677.975']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparative analysis of the epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the province of Poznan].
|
In the Province of Pozna? on the point day Dec 31 1986 the prevalence of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis was found to be 1.9 per 100 thousand and the incidence in 1986 was 1.1 per 100 thousand. In relation to a similar study in 1965 these results are insufficient for accepting a change in the prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the last twenty years.
|
['Adult', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poland', 'Prevalence']
| 2,131,426
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Human nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (Nm23-H2) from melanoma cells shows altered phosphoryl transfer activity due to the S122P mutation.
|
The Ser122 --> Pro mutation in human nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK)-B/Nm23-H2 was recently found in melanoma cells. In comparison to the wild-type enzyme, steady state activity of NDKS122P with ATP and TDP as substrates was slowed down 5-fold. We have utilized transient kinetic techniques to analyze phosphoryl transfer between the mutant enzyme and various pairs of nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates. The two half-reactions of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the active site histidine residue (His118) were studied separately by making use of the intrinsic fluorescence changes which occur during these reactions. All apparent second order rate constants are drastically reduced, falling 5-fold for phosphorylation and 40-200-fold for dephosphorylation. Also, the reactivity of the mutant with pyrimidine nucleotides and deoxy nucleotides is more than 100-fold reduced compared with the wild-type. Thus, the rate-limiting step of the NDK-BS122P-catalyzed reaction is phosphoryl transfer from the phospho-enzyme intermediate to the nucleoside diphosphate and not phosphoryl transfer from the nucleoside triphosphate to the enzyme as was found for the wild-type protein. This results in a pronounced shift of the equilibrium between unphosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme. Moreover, like the Killer-of-prune mutation in Drosophila NDK and the neuroblastoma Ser120 --> Gly mutation in human NDK-A/Nm23-H1, the Ser122 --> Pro substitution in NDK-B affects the stability of the protein toward heat and urea. These significantly altered properties may be relevant to the role of the mutant enzyme in various intracellular processes.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA Primers', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Mutation', 'NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases', 'Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase', 'Phosphorylation', 'Transcription Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 10,400,630
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400', 'D12.644.360.525', 'D12.776.157.325.515', 'D12.776.476.525'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D08.811.913.696.650.550.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.650.550'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.930'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro T cell-mediated killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IV. Nonresponsiveness in polysaccharide-immunized BALB/c mice is attributable to vinblastine-sensitive suppressor T cells.
|
We reported previously that BALB/c mice immunized with a polysaccharide (PS) antigen isolated from immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and vinblastine sulfate develop T cell-mediated protective immunity, despite their failure to produce specific antibody. In vitro, Lyt-1-,2+, I-J+ T cells from vinblastine- and PS-immunized mice kill P. aeruginosa by secretion of a bactericidal lymphokine. BALB/c mice immunized with PS alone generate neither protective antibodies nor a protective T cell response. The current studies indicate that T cells from mice immunized with PS alone significantly suppress the bactericidal activity of T cells from mice immunized with vinblastine and PS. The suppressor T cells are of the same Lyt-1-,2+, I-J+ phenotype as the bactericidal T cells. Suppression is mediated by a soluble product of these suppressor T cells which both inhibits T cell proliferation and interferes with the production or release of the bactericidal lymphokine. Cyclophosphamide, used in other systems to remove suppressor T cells, fails to enhance bacterial killing and does not inhibit suppressor cell activity. These studies indicate that immunization with PS elicits responses in two functionally distinct subgroups of Lyt-1-,2+, I-J+ T cells, and that these cells are distinguishable by their sensitivity to vinblastine sulfate.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Antigens, Ly', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Suppressor Factors, Immunologic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Vinblastine']
| 2,943,808
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D23.050.301.264.920', 'D23.101.100.920'], ['D23.050.301'], ['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['G12.535.425'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.700', 'D12.776.467.374.480.700', 'D23.529.374.480.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.700', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.700'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of arterial stiffness and cardiovascular hemodynamics by oscillometric method in psoriasis patients with normal cardiac functions.
|
Arterial stiffness is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx) are non-invasive markers for assessment of arterial stiffness. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis. Previous studies have shown that high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts poor cardiovascular outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate arterial stiffness and cardiovascular hemodynamics by oscillometric method in psoriasis patients with normal cardiac functions. Fifty consecutive patients with the diagnosis of psoriasis and 50 controls were included in the study. NLR was calculated as the ratio of neutrophil count to lymphocyte count. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination. Measurements of arterial stiffness were carried out using a Mobil-O-Graph arteriograph system. Fifty patients with psoriasis (26 male, mean age 43.3 ± 13.2 years) and 50 controls (33 male, mean age 45.0 ± 6.1 years) were included into the study. The distribution of cardiovascular risk factors was similar between the two groups, and NLR was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis (2.74 ± 1.78 versus 1.82 ± 0.52, p = 0.002). There was a weak correlation between NLR and PASI score without reaching statistical significance (r = 0.300, p = 0.060). While echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were comparable between psoriasis and control groups, heart rate was significantly higher in psoriasis group (81.5 ± 15.1 and 75.2 ± 11.8 beats/min, p = 0.021). Psoriasis patients had significantly higher AIx and PWV values as compared to controls (25.8 ± 13.1 versus 17.4 ± 12.3%, p = 0.001 and 6.78 ± 1.42 versus 6.18 ± 0.80 m/s, p = 0.011, respectively). AI and PWV were significantly associated with psoriasis when adjusted by heart rate (p = 0.005, odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.08 and p = 0.035, odds ratio 1.52, 95 % confidence interval 1.02-2.26, respectively). PWV significantly correlated with blood pressure, lipid levels, and several echocardiographic indices. AIx only correlated with left atrial diameter (r = 291, p = 0.040). Linear regression analysis was performed to find predictors of PWV. Central systolic blood pressure, left atrial diameter, and total cholesterol were independent predictors of PWV. PWV and AIx were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis. Assessment of arterial stiffness parameters may be useful for early detection of cardiovascular deterioration in psoriasis patients with normal cardiac functions. Novel inflammatory biomarkers such as NLR may elucidate the mechanism of vascular dysfunction in such patients.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Logistic Models', 'Lymphocyte Count', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Odds Ratio', 'Oscillometry', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psoriasis', 'Pulse Wave Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Stiffness']
| 24,633,494
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.390'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500', 'G04.140.107.595.500', 'G09.188.105.595.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.654'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['C17.800.859.675'], ['E01.370.370.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G09.330.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Vittorio Benussi and experimental psychoanalysis].
|
This essay proposes to reconstruct the project of experimental psychoanalysis initiated by Vittorio Benussi in the Psychology Laboratory of the University of Padua between 1919 and 1927. For Benussi, the language of the unconscious never refers back to an experimental or psychoanalytical context, but always to a possible relationship between the two. From the contact between these perspectives, there emerges one of the most extreme attempts at knowledge of the mind: the "real psychic analysis." Here Benussi is at the core of the idea of measuring the psyche, and his style is aligned with the experimental psychopathology research conducted by E. Bleuler and C.G. Jung at Burgh?lzli, Zurich, with the assignment of the laboratory practice to areas precluded to the experimentalist. But the Freudian lexicon is not sufficient to explain the unconscious. Benussi summons new instruments to the center of his reflection: the "physiological unconscious," the "metric analysis of breathing," the "base sleep," and the "emotional functional autonomy." If the Benussian discourse places itself at the borderline between experimentation and depth psychology, it is within this limit that it expresses its theoretical peaks and its tragic conclusion.
|
['Biomedical Research', 'History, 20th Century', 'Italy', 'Psychoanalysis']
| 21,657,090
|
[['H01.770.644.145'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['F04.096.544.779']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[Detection of tumor cells in peripheral blood for patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma].
|
OBJECTIVE: To detect tumor cell contamination of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) and the presence of tumor cells in peripheral circulating blood in patients with primary advanced ovarian cancer.METHODS: To establish limits of sensitivity of the immunocytochemical stainings technique (ABC method) for tumor cell detection, four types of ovarian cancer tumor cell(ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3, 3AO, primary cancer cell from ascites of serous papillary carcinoma and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma) were added into normal blood to prepare the models with different ratios of tumor cells to mononuclear cells. Monoclonal antibodies(MAB) of COC 183 B2, CK(AE1/AE3) and their cocktail antibody (mixture of them) were used for immunocytochemical stainings. 14 blood specimens were examined (6 stem cell blood specimens, 8 primary advanced ovarian cancer blood spcimens).RESULTS: The sensitivity of detection achieved by cocktail antibodies was superior to either COC183B2 or CK MAb alone. The sensitivity of cocktail antibody was 1:5 x 10(5). According to the established sensitivity, none of the fourteen specimens contained tumor cell.CONCLUSIONS: None of the 6 PBSC specimens obtained from 2 patients and eight peripheral blood specimens obtained from 8 patients with primary ovarian epithelial carcinoma contained tumor cell.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Ovarian Neoplasms']
| 11,326,940
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.230', 'C04.557.470.590.480.230'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Lamin A is not synthesized as a larger precursor polypeptide.
|
Isolation of rat liver nuclei in the presence of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) led to the recovery in the final nuclear matrix of a higher molecular weight form of lamin A. The 2 kDa larger form was identified as lamin A by isoelectric point determination, recognition by an anti-lamin A and C monoclonal antibody and peptide mapping using V8 protease and N-chlorosuccinimide. The 2 kDa extension was tentatively localized to the carboxy-terminus of lamin A. Pulse-chase labeling and immunoprecipitation studies using baby hamster kidney cells showed that lysis of the cells in the presence of NEM allowed the recovery of a stable higher molecular weight form of lamin A. We conclude from these results that NEM prevented the degradation of the native form of lamin A previously thought to represent a higher molecular weight transient precursor form.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Lamin Type A', 'Lamins', 'Male', 'Molecular Weight', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Protein Precursors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,426,582
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['D12.776.660.650.875.500'], ['D12.776.660.650.875'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D12.776.811'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of dietary eugenol on xenobiotic metabolism and mediation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in rat liver.
|
Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) play an important role in the elimination and detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs. A variety of natural dietary agents are known to protect against cancer by inducing XME. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of XME induction, we examined the effect of dietary eugenol (4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene) on xenobiotic metabolism. In this study, rats were administered dietary eugenol for 4 weeks to investigate the various effects of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. In rats administered dietary eugenol, expression levels of hepatic CYP1A 1 were reduced to 40% than of the controls, while expression of hepatic UGT1A6, UGT1A7 and UGT2B1 increased to 2-3 times than observed in the controls. Hepatic protein levels of UGT1A6 and 2B1 were also elevated in the eugenol-treated rats. These results suggest that the natural compound eugenol improves the xenobiotic-metabolizing systems that suppress and induce the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT, respectively.
|
['Animals', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1', 'Diet', 'Drug Interactions', 'Eugenol', 'Glucuronosyltransferase', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Xenobiotics']
| 24,144,396
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.244.453.005.332', 'D08.244.453.100.500', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010.277', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.020.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010.332', 'D12.776.422.220.453.100.500'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.241.223.200.054.500'], ['D08.811.913.400.450.480'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['A03.620'], ['C04'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D26.969']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of ACE gene on differential response to sertraline versus fluoxetine in patients with major depression: a randomized controlled trial.
|
BACKGROUND: Extensive distribution of the different components of renin angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain, along with their roles in promoting anxiety, depression and brain inflammation, opposes RAS as a potential therapeutic target in major depression. Actions of angiotensin II, the main product of RAS, are reduced by antidepressants and this signifies the complex interplay of different mechanisms involved in response to therapy. Here, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms of RAS may affect the outcome of therapy in depressed patients.METHODS: The frequencies of variants of genes encoding for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), rs4291 and rs4343 polymorphisms were determined in extracted DNAs of 200 newly diagnosed depressed patients. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, one treated with fluoxetine and the other treated with sertraline for 12 weeks. Responsive patients were determined by psychiatrist using Hamilton questionnaire and were compared with regard to their genetic variants.RESULTS: Carriers of the D allele and patients with DD genotype responded significantly better to sertraline than to fluoxetine (P = 0.0006, odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.80-5.08; P = 0.006, OR = 3.7, 95 % CI = 1.66-8.29, respectively). Mutant genotypes (GG and TT) of rs4343 and rs4291 polymorphisms were also more frequent in patients responding to sertraline, though not achieving the significance level (P = 0.162 and P = 0.256, respectively).CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that special genetic variants of RAS may influence or be an indicator for better response to sertraline.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Fluoxetine', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Sertraline', 'Young Adult']
| 27,262,302
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.656.350.350.687'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D02.092.705.800', 'D02.455.426.559.847.638.845.800', 'D04.615.638.845.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Proliferative hippocampal activity in a group of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis: Neuronal, glial, and BDNF tissue expression correlations.
|
Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare and devastating unilateral inflammatory brain disease that causes severe and intractable partial epilepsy. It has been shown that epilepsy and subsequent inflammation have deleterious influence on hippocampal cell survival and neurogenesis, but this still has not been systematically explored in human tissue. In this study, we investigated the correlation between inflammation and epilepsy as well as the rates of hippocampal gliogenesis and neurogenesis in a pediatric group of six patients with RE and six control cases. The dentate gyrus (DG) samples were obtained from patients who underwent surgery for intractable RE. Sections were processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies against sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), nestin, human protein encoded by MKI67 gen (Ki67), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). There was an increase in the number of Ki67-positive granule cells in the DG of patients with RE in comparison with the autopsy control group, but no statistical difference for Sox2-positive cells was observed between these groups. Nestin immunolabeling was less intense in the RE group while BDNF expression was increased. Neurons that were BDNF-positive were found in DG from patients with RE but not in the control group. In patients with RE, few nestin-positive cells in DG were also positive for BDNF, unlike in controls which showed no colocalization for these two markers. These results suggest a proliferation activity in the DG subfield of patients with RE, and also future studies are necessary to address the role of new cells in the hippocampus of patients with RE.
|
['Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Dentate Gyrus', 'Encephalitis', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 29,579,552
|
[['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A08.186.211.180.405.200', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345.200'], ['C10.228.140.430'], ['G05.297'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.637', 'A11.650'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Purine metabolism of the human erythrocyte].
|
Purine metabolism has been much investigated in human erythrocytes, both for the interest focused on this peculiar cell biochemistry, and four purine pathological implications in man. Most mammalian red blood cells lack de novo purine synthesis, and are completely dependent on base salvage pathway for their purine nucleotide requirement. Besides, human erythrocyte is devoid of some purine interconversion enzymes, thus becoming dependent on external supply of bases and nucleosides, particularly the adenylic ones. Red blood cell purine metabolism is very active, owing to its great need for nucleotides, and seems to aim greatly at the preservation of synthesized nucleotides against catabolic events. Available data on purine enzyme kinetic parameters and regulation, substrate and product cellular concentration and uptake are reviewed.
|
['Adenosine', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Inosine', 'Kinetics', 'Pentosyltransferases', 'Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotransferases', 'Purine Nucleosides', 'Purine Nucleotides', 'Purines', 'Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase']
| 6,201,946
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.913.400.725'], ['D09.894.643.650'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696'], ['D03.633.100.759.590', 'D13.570.583'], ['D03.633.100.759.646', 'D13.695.667'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['D08.811.913.696.175.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after cardiac surgery in high-risk patients: A randomized controlled study.
|
CONTEXT: The role of prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in cardiac surgery is under debate.AIMS: To study the risk factors for PONV after cardiac surgery and the role of betamethasone with or without droperidol for its prevention.SETTING AND DESIGN: Randomized open-label controlled study comparing standard care with PONV prophylaxis from February to November 2016.METHODS: Five hundred and two patients with planned nonemergent cardiac surgery were included.INTERVENTIONS: In the intervention arm, PONV prophylaxis (4 mg betamethasone with/without 0.625 mg droperidol) was administered in high-risk patients (two or more risk factors). Patients in the control arm were treated as per routine hospital practices.RESULTS: Female sex, past history of PONV, and migraines were associated with a significantly increased risk of PONV, while motion sickness, smoking status, and volatile anesthetics were not. Pain and treatment with nefopam or ketoprofen were associated with an increased risk of PONV. PONV was less frequent in the active arm compared to controls (45.5% vs. 54.0%, P = 0.063; visual analogic scale 10.9 vs. 15.3 mm, P = 0.043). Among the 180 patients (35.6%) with ?2 risk factors, prophylaxis was associated with reduced PONV (intention-to-treat: 46.8% vs. 67.8%, P = 0.0061; per-protocol: 39.2% vs. 69%, P = 0.0002). In multivariate analysis, prophylaxis was independently associated with PONV (odds ratio [OR]: 0.324, 95% confidence interval: 0.167-0.629, P = 0.0009), as were female sex, past history of PONV, and migraines (OR: 3.027, 3.031, and 2.160 respectively). No drug-related side effects were reported.CONCLUSION: Betamethasone with/without droperidol was effective in decreasing PONV in high risk cardiac surgical patients without any side effect.
|
['Aged', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Management', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting', 'Risk Factors']
| 29,336,385
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.745', 'N04.590.607.500'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['C23.550.767.859', 'C23.888.821.712.700', 'C23.888.821.937.059'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Sexual activity in the convalescent from acute myocardial infarct. Bibliographic review].
|
There is little information in the medical literature about the renewal of sexual activity in patients who have suffered an MI. The knowledge which the internist and the cardiologist have are normally insufficient. The equivalents in energetic cost of a sexual relation of a middle aged adult, are similar to those of: a) a simple Master test of two stairs, b) walking rapidly the length of a street, c) climbing two flights of stairs. d) a test with ergometer to 100 watts or 600 kg-m-m, e) to walk the endles band at 3.5 miles/hour, f) to carry out activities equivalent to 6 cal/min. The average of the maximum cardiac frequency which is reached during coitus is from 115 to 120, equivalent to approximately 4-5 mets., during 20-36 seconds. In the post and preorgasmic period (1 min, before and after) the energetic cost is close to 4 mts. It should be emphasized that there should not exist an exact limit after which the patient who has had an MI is permitted to have sexual relations. The sexual activity should be advised if the patient has satisfactorily passed any of the equivalent tests mentioned above. The cardiologist should know these facts and not wait until the patient asks about them; he should have the initiative to openly discuss them with the patient and his partner from the period interhospitalary convalescence of the MI.
|
['Adult', 'Coitus', 'Convalescence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Sexual Abstinence']
| 931,450
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.802.188', 'G08.686.784.041'], ['C23.550.291.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['F01.829.401.650.675', 'N05.300.660.625'], ['F01.145.802.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pre-treatment Elevated Platelet Count Associates with HER2 Overexpression and Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer.
|
PURPOSE: To research the association between pre-treatment elevated platelet count and clinicopathologic characteristics in breast cancer (BC), as well as explore the relationship between pre-treatment elevated platelet count and HER2 status and prognosis of BC patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of BC patients who were newly diagnosed or treated by surgery only and had pathological detection results and platelet values in the Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College were enrolled from 1/1/2008 until 31/12/2009, and followed up until 31/12/2014. Age, thrombocyte parameters before chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, immunohistochemical (IHM) indexes, and regional lymph node (LN) involvement and progression-free survival (PFS) were recorded.RESULTS: A total of 447 eligible subjects were included in this research. As we analyzed, for HER2, positive and negative, the incidence rates of elevated platelet count were 25.8% and 14.7% (P<0.05). In the Cox proportional hazards model both variables were independent risk factors for BC (for HER2, OR, 0.592, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.355 to 0.985, P=0.044;f or PLT, OR, 0.998, 95% CI, 0.996 to 1.000, P=0.042). For ER, PR, Ki67 and LN involvement, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: In this research, pre-treatment elevated level of platelet count demostrated a significantrelationship with HER2 amplification/overexpression, and both variables significantly influenced the prognosis of BC. However, elevated platelet count did not exhibit any association with ER, PR, Ki67 and LN involvement.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Platelets', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Platelet Count', 'Prognosis', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 26,225,707
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.740', 'E01.370.225.625.107.700', 'E01.370.225.625.625.625', 'E05.200.500.195.107.740', 'E05.200.625.107.700', 'E05.200.625.625.625', 'E05.242.195.107.740', 'G04.140.107.740', 'G09.188.105.700'], ['E01.789'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.826.750.765'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Micro-Shuttle Lifting of the Neck: A Percutaneous Loop Suspension Method Using a Novel Double-Ended Needle.
|
BACKGROUND: Most younger patients expect to be able to achieve significant improvements and lift to their neck, yet they don't want to undergo extensive surgery. They are now able to do that and restore their youthful appearance thanks to new concepts the techniques through volume redistribution.OBJECTIVES: The authors' goal was to achieve results that are comparable to a necklift and durable through minimally invasive surgery, utilizing punctures instead of incisions.METHODS: The concept of micro-shuttle lifting creates a percutaneous hammock to achieve the lifting of all different planes of the neck at once. This is accomplished by putting nonabsorbable sutures on nonundermined platsyma through the use of a double-ended (micro-shuttle) needle and anchoring it to fixed thread loops around the ears. Mitigation of gravitational force is accomplished through the loop suspensions, to obtain effective skin redraping over the suture-created internal splint.RESULTS: This combined technique for the neck was applied in 221 selected patients between December 2005 and May 2014, with follow-up ranging from 8 months to 7 years. The mean age of the patients was 42.5 years. Outcomes were satisfactory in all but 12 cases, of which 7 found the result inadequate. The operation time for the neck was less than 40 minutes under local anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation, and the recovery time was 5-7 days.CONCLUSIONS: The sustainability of this percutaneous procedure does not rely on the suspensions, but rather on the skin redraping in the new position in a similar manner to orthopedic fracture treatment. In selected patients, this safe and simple percutaneous necklifting method can be quickly and easily performed under local anesthesia with long-term durability, low morbidity, and a high patient satisfaction rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4: Therapeutic.
|
['Adult', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Neck', 'Needles', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Rejuvenation', 'Rhytidoplasty', 'Skin Aging', 'Suture Techniques']
| 26,906,348
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.502'], ['A01.598'], ['E07.612'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.849'], ['E02.218.765', 'E04.680.275.700'], ['G13.750.804'], ['E04.987.775']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The detection and characterization of vesicoureteral reflux in the child.
|
Voiding cystourethrography or radionuclide cystography should be performed in the child in whom it is important to know whether reflux is present. Voiding cystourethrography is more accurate in characterizing and grading reflux, and monitoring is intermittent. Conversely, radionuclide cystography uses a lower radiation dose and its continuous monitoring leads to fewer false negative results but its ability to characterize reflux is poor. The performance of voiding cystourethrography or radionuclide cystography to detect reflux is an art as well as a science. These tests are done best by those who are experienced and interested in imaging the urinary tract of the child. At our hospital we perform voiding cystourethrography in all young children with urinary tract infection to detect and precisely characterize reflux to enable intelligent planning of management. In older patients, when it is less likely that reflux is present but it is still desirable to ensure that reflux is not occurring, radionuclide cystography is performed. If reflux is present, then a decision is made on an individual basis as to whether additional characterization by voiding cystourethrography is needed. Radionuclide cystography is also used for family screening, for periodic followup of reflux being managed nonoperatively and to ensure that reflux has been eliminated after antireflux surgery.
|
['Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Radiography', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Urethra', 'Urinary Bladder', 'Vesico-Ureteral Reflux']
| 1,433,579
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['A05.810.890'], ['C12.777.829.920', 'C13.351.968.829.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophysiological analysis of pathways connecting the medial preoptic area with the mesencephalic central grey matter in rats.
|
1. An electrophysiological study of ascending and descending connexions between the dorsal raphe region of the mesencephalic periaqueductal grey matter and the medial preoptic area has been performed in dioestrous female rats anaesthetized with urethane. 2. Extracellular action potentials recorded from 208 neurones in the medial preoptic area were analysed for a change in excitability following stimulation of the periaqueductal grey matter. 174 neurones were also tested for changes in excitability following stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus. 3. Stimulation of the periaqueductal grey matter at 1 Hz was rarely effective, but short trains of pulses (three at 100 Hz) usually caused an initial inhibition (62.5% of 208) of both projection identified and adjacent neurones of the medial preoptic area, at latencies of 5--90 msec (mean 34.1 +/- 1.4 msec). Inhibition following stimulation of the mediobasal hypothalamus occurred less frequently (34%) and at shorter latency (mean 12.0 +/- 1.8 msec; n = 48). 4. Less frequently (10.6%) periaqueductal grey matter stimulation caused an initial excitation of preoptic neurones at latencies of 15--180 msec, (mean 35.3 +/- 7.2). Initial excitation following mediobasal hypothalamus stimulation was stronger, occurred more frequently (29%) and at shorter latencies (range 3--60 msec, mean 13.1 +/- 1.5). Following such initial excitation, inhibition of spontaneous or ionophoretically evoked activity occurred more frequently following mediobasal hypothalamic stimulation, than after periaqueductal grey matter stimulation. 5. Twenty-four neurones displayed antidromic invasion following periaqueductal grey matter stimulation. Latencies for invasion ranged from 13 to 50 msec (mean 25.5 +/- 2.0 msec) and are suggestive of an unmyelinated projection. Occasionally an abrupt decrease in latency followed an increase in stimulus intensity. Antidromic invasion from mediobasal hypothalamus was characterized by a shorter latency (mean 12.5 +/- 0.7 msec; n = 43). A period of reduced excitability lasting 40--100 msec followed antidromic invasion from either site. 6. Antidromic responses to paired mediobasal hypothalamic or periaqueductal grey matter stimuli at 5 msec intervals revealed an increased latency of invasion of the second response, due to the partial refractory period of the neurone. Five cells showed a decreased latency of invasion at stimulus separations of 10--150 msec, interpreted as evidence of a supranormal period. Changes in conduction velocity during the supranormal period may give rise to a variable latency of invasion of spontaneously active cells. 7. These results provide evidence for direct, reciprocal connexions between the midbrain central grey and the medial preoptic area. These circuits may play a role in controlling neuroendocrine and behavioural aspects of reproductive functions.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Brain Stem', 'Diestrus', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Hypothalamus', 'Neural Conduction', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurons', 'Pregnancy', 'Preoptic Area', 'Raphe Nuclei', 'Rats']
| 7,188,967
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['G08.686.195.374'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['G07.265.753', 'G11.561.601'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.450', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.450'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.618', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.562', 'A08.186.211.132.810.591.500.662'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Assessment of smoking cessation assistance in French pharmacies].
|
INTRODUCTION: While smoking continues to kill 73,000 people each year in France, new legislation allows pharmacists to ensure public health actions. How do pharmacists contribute to smoking cessation?METHODS: This study described smoking cessation professional practices, the tests used and dispensing of nicotine replacement therapy based on an online questionnaire administered to a random sample of 220 pharmacists, selected from the “Ordre des pharmaciens” website. The questionnaire concerned the type of pharmacy, place of smoking cessation support, knowledge and application of tests, training, referral to the physician and dispensing of nicotine replacement therapy.RESULTS: Among the 133 respondent pharmacies, minimal intervention and the Fagerstr?m test were two tools most commonly used and 82.7% of pharmacists advised nicotine replacement therapy. Practices complied with guidelines, although certain dispensing difficulties were identified, as well as somewhat approximate or even incorrect knowledge concerning the dispensing of nicotine replacement therapy for certain patients (coronary heart disease, pregnant and breastfeeding women, teenagers).DISCUSSION: Certain improvements can be proposed such as the use of a confidential place for private conversations, better patient follow-up, better training and improvement of good practices by young pharmacists.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharmaceutical Services', 'Pharmacists', 'Professional Role', 'Public Health', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Smoking Prevention', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 26,414,029
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.421.668'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['F01.829.316.616.625'], ['H02.403.720', 'N01.400.550', 'N06.850'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['I02.233.332.812', 'N02.421.726.407.840'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Antimicrobial activity of AmBisome and non-liposomal amphotericin B following uptake of Candida glabrata by murine epidermal Langerhans cells.
|
The antifungal efficacy and cellular toxicity of AmBisome(R) and non-liposomal amphotericin B were compared in cultured epidermal Langerhans cells infected with Candida glabrata. Uptake of the yeast was determined by light and electron microscopy, and viability was assessed by plating dilutions of lysates from yeast-infected Langerhans cells and counting colony forming units. The Candida-infected Langerhans cells were incubated for 6, 24 or 48 h with 12.5 micro ml-1 of AmBisome or non-liposomal amphotericin B, non-drug-containing liposomes or media. Intracellular C. glabrata incubated with media or non-drug-containing liposomes showed a 2 log increase in cfu, and microscopic examination revealed budding yeast within the Langerhans cells. Both liposomal and non-liposomal amphotericin B treatment reduced intracellular growth of C. glabrata by 5 logs over 48 h of incubation. A morphometric analysis of cell ultrastructure demonstrated that AmBisome-treated Langerhans cells retained their cell architecture, but Langerhans cells treated with non-liposomal amphotericin B were characterized by the absence of intact organelles, disrupted non-granular cytoplasm and the presence of many large vacuoles. In conclusion, AmBisome was significantly less toxic for epidermal Langerhans cells than amphotericin B, but demonstrated comparable antifungal efficacy. After 48 h of drug exposure, both forms of amphotericin B effectively inhibited intracellular growth of C. glabrata, but only AmBisome did not damage the Langerhans cells.
|
['Amphotericin B', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Candida', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Langerhans Cells', 'Liposomes', 'Mice']
| 9,776,826
|
[['D02.540.576.500.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.066.270.500', 'A11.436.270.545', 'A15.382.066.270.500', 'A15.382.670.260.500'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A new species of Haplophyllum A. Juss. (Rutaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula: evidence from morphological, karyological and molecular analyses.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The discovery of a new species, Haplophyllum bastetanum F.B. Navarro, V.N. Su?rez-Santiago & Blanca sp. nov., in the south-east of Spain has prompted the comparative study of species of the Iberian Peninsula, and others related, through morphological, cytogenetic, molecular, distributional and ecological characterization.METHODS: The morphological study involved a quantitative analysis of the species present in the Iberian Peninsula and a comparative analysis of the morphological characteristics between H. bastetanum and other related species. Mitotic analyses were made with root meristems taken from germinating seeds. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA were performed using neighbour-joining (NJ) and maximum-parsimony methods.KEY RESULTS: Haplophyllum bastetanum is a diploid species (2n = 18) distinguished primarily for its non-trifoliate glabrous leaves, lanceolate sepals, dark-green petals with a dorsal band of hairs, and a highly hairy ovary with round-apex locules. The other two Iberian species (H. linifolium and H. rosmarinifolium) are tetraploid (2n = 36) and have yellow petals. Both phylogenetic methods generated a well-supported clade grouping H. linifolium with H. rosmarinifolium. In the NJ tree, the H. linifolium-H. rosmarinifolium clade is a sister group to H. bastetanum, while in the parsimony analysis this occurred only when the gaps were coded as a fifth base and the characters were reweighted according to the rescaled consistency index. This latter group is supported by the sequence divergence among taxa.CONCLUSIONS: The phylogenies established from DNA sequences together with morphological and cytogenetic analyses support the separation of H. bastetanum as a new species. The results suggest that the change in the number of chromosomes may be the key mechanism of speciation of the genus Haplophyllum in the Iberian Peninsula. An evolutionary scheme for them is propounded.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'DNA, Intergenic', 'DNA, Plant', 'Flowers', 'Fruit', 'Phenotype', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Stems', 'Ploidies', 'Rutaceae', 'Seeds', 'Spain', 'Species Specificity']
| 15,306,560
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['D13.444.308.324', 'G05.360.340.024.220'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.024.937'], ['G05.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.875'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
[The influence of dehydrocorydaline on intracellular free calcium concentration during hypoxia in myocardial cell of guinea-pigs].
|
AIM: To study the effect of Dehydrocorydaline and Verapamil (Ver) on intracellular free calcium concentration of myocardial cell ([Ca2+]i) under hypoxic condition.METHODS: We adopted guinea-pig heart Langendorff instillation. The myocardial cells were isolated by collagenase (Type I, sigma)and marked by fluorescence ratio imaging. The suspension of myocardial cells was assigned to six groups: DHC, Ver, and control were each two. Each three groups was exposed to hypoxia and normoxia before determination of [Ca2+]i.RESULTS: (1) In normoxia state, [Ca2+]i was 120.5-8.3 nml/L (n = 20).( 2) In hypoxia state, the increased [Ca2+]i of myocardial cells was proportional to the time (degree) of hypoxia. Correlation coefficient (r) was about 0.98. (3) Under the condition of normoxia DHC and Ver decreased [Ca2+]i. (4) DHC was obviously slow the increase of [Ca2+]i after hypoxia.CONCLUSION: In normoxia and hypoxia, DHC decreases the increased [Ca2+]i. It can prevent intracellular calcium overload. We believe DHC may improve self-protected performance of myocardial cells.
|
['Alkaloids', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Myocytes, Cardiac']
| 21,189,579
|
[['D03.132'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cystic degeneration of the tunica adventitia of the popliteal artery].
|
INTRODUCTION: Adventitial cystic disease of the popliteal artery (PA) is an uncommon and unique entity characterized by a mucinous cyst located in the arterial adventitia. As the cyst enlarges, it provokes vascular compression with stenosis or occlusion, the first only during the knee flexion, and then in all leg position. Atkins and Key (1946) were the first who described this disease in the external iliac artery [1]. Eirup and Hiertonn (1956) described the disease in the PA, which is the place of its most common localization. The aim of the paper is the presentation of our 10 cases of PA adventitial cystic disease.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with PA adventitial cyst were treated at the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of the Serbian Clinical Centre in Belgrade, over the period between 1978 and 1997. There were 9 males and one female patient, average age 42.7 years (31-62). Two patients were smokers, while all other atherosclerotic risk factors, including heart disease, were absent. The diagnosis was established using Doppler ultrasonography and angiography. The postoperative histological examination revealed PA adventitial cyst in all patients (Figure 1). In Table 1 are presented our patients. The patients 3 and 4 were admitted for acute ischaemia of the leg. In patient 3 Doppler indexes were 0.0, and transfemoral arteriography revealed segmental occlusion of the PA. All other arteries were unchanged. These findings suggested an unusual disease of the PA. During the operation the posterior approach to the PA was used, and intraoperatively the adventitial cyst was found. In patient 4 the tibioperoneal trunk, posterior tibial artery and PA were occluded. Therefore, the medial approach to the PA was used. After thrombectomy of the crural vessels, the popliteo-popliteal bypass procedure was performed. The PA resection by this approach was not possible. The ringed 6 mm PTFE graft was used for reconstruction because of inadequate saphenous vein. The patients 1, 2, 5-10 were admitted with disabling claudication discomforts. In patients 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 popliteal and pedal pulses were absent, and Doppler indexes decreased. In patients 7 and 10 pedal pulses were palpable and decreased during the normal knee position, while absent during the knee flexion. During some maneuvers Doppler indexes significantly decreased. Transfemoral arteriography in patients 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9 showed segmental stenosis or occlusion of the PA, and for this reason the posterior approach to the PA was used. The PA adventitial cyst was found in all cases (Figure 2). In patient 7 angiography revealed a "hourglass" deformity of the PA, while in patient 10 "scimitar" sign was found. Both angiographic findings are characteristic of PA adventitial cyst. The posterior approach was carried out in all patients. In patient 2 only cyst aspiration has been performed, while in patients 7, 8, 9 aspiration and resection of the changed PA adventitia (Figure 3a, figure 3b). In patients 1, 3, 5, 6, 10 an occluded arterial segment was resected. The restoration of the flow observed after the end-to-end anastomosis in patient 1, and after interposition of the saphenous graft in other patients. After the operation, the contralateral leg was examined using Doppler ultrasonography in all patients. The Doppler indexes were significantly decreased in patients 1 and 5 during the knee flexion, but the patients refused the angiographic examination. The control examination consisted of physical examination, Doppler ultrasonography and sometimes angiography; it was carried out after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, and then every year after the operation.RESULTS: There was no mortality among our patients in the early post-operative period. In patients in whom cyst aspiration was performed, claudication discomfort was decreased, and Doppler indexes were significantly increased. In patients with arterial resection and reconstruction (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10) the effect of the operation was simi
|
['Adult', 'Cysts', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Popliteal Artery', 'Popliteal Cyst', 'Vascular Diseases']
| 9,863,387
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.681'], ['C04.182.867.500'], ['C14.907']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Improving lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum through DNA microarray-based identification of novel target genes.
|
For the biotechnological production of L: -lysine, mainly strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum are used, which have been obtained by classical mutagenesis and screening or selection or by metabolic engineering. Gene targets for the amplification and deregulation of the lysine biosynthesis pathway, for the improvement of carbon precursor supply and of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) regeneration, are known. To identify novel target genes to improve lysine production, the transcriptomes of the classically obtained lysine producing strain MH20-22B and several other C. glutamicum strains were compared. As lysine production by the classically obtained strain, which possesses feedback-resistant aspartokinase and is leucine auxotrophic, exceeds that of a genetically defined leucine auxotrophic wild-type derivative possessing feedback-resistant aspartokinase, additional traits beneficial for lysine production are present. NCgl0855, putatively encoding a methyltransferase, and the amtA-ocd-soxA operon, encoding an ammonium uptake system, a putative ornithine cyclodeaminase and an uncharacterized enzyme, were among the genes showing increased expression in the classically obtained strain irrespective of the presence of feedback-resistant aspartokinase. Lysine production could be improved by about 40% through overexpression of NCgl0855 or the amtA-ocd-soxA operon. Thus, novel target genes for the improvement of lysine production could be identified in a discovery-driven approach based on global gene expression analysis.
|
['Aspartate Kinase', 'Base Sequence', 'Biotechnology', 'Corynebacterium glutamicum', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Feedback', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Lysine', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plasmids']
| 17,364,200
|
[['D08.811.913.696.630.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['B03.510.024.250.300', 'B03.510.460.400.400.200.300'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['L01.906.394.211'], ['G05.297'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Novel biosensor chip for simultaneous detection of DNA-carcinogen adducts with low-temperature fluorescence.
|
A monoclonal antibody (MAb)-gold biosensor chip with low-temperature laser-induced fluorescence detection for analysis of DNA-carcinogen adducts is described. Optimization of the detection limit, dynamic range, and biosensing applicability of the MAb-gold biosensor chip was achieved by: (1) using dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate (DSP)) as a protein linker and (2) employing recombinant protein A to provide oriented immobilization of the MAbs. The use of DSP, which has a short methylene chain length, led to faster protein binding kinetics and higher protein surface density than a longer dithiobis(succinimidyl undecanoate) (DSU) linker. The incorporation of recombinant protein A increased the distance between the oriented MAb-bound analytes and the gold surface. The increased distance minimized fluorescence quenching, resulting in about a 10-fold increase in the fluorescence signal in comparison with a chip without protein A. The improved chip architecture was used to demonstrate that biosensing of two structurally similar benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-derived DNA adducts, BP-6-N7Gua and BP-diolepoxide-10-N2dG, bound to two specific MAbs immobilized from a mixture at the same address on the chip, is feasible. These mutagenic adducts are formed by one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation pathways, and are depurinating and stable DNA adducts, respectively. It is shown that the DNA adducts can be easily identified at the same address using time-resolved, low-temperature laser-based fluorescence spectroscopy. The current limit of detection is in the low femtomole range. These results indicate that a single biosensor chip consisting of a Au/DSP/protein A/MAb nano-assembly, with analyte-specific MAbs and low-temperature fluorescence detection should be suitable for simultaneous detection and quantitation of the above adducts, as well as the luminescent antigens for which selective MAbs exist.
|
['Benzo(a)pyrene', 'Benzopyrenes', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Carcinogens', 'Cold Temperature', 'DNA Adducts', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Fluoroimmunoassay', 'Guanine', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 14,683,638
|
[['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306.300', 'D04.615.799.306.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306', 'D04.615.799.306'], ['E05.601.043'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['D13.444.308.135', 'G05.200.104'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.655', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.655', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.655', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.655', 'E05.478.566.159', 'E05.478.583.375.655'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Risk-based cost-benefit analysis for evaluating microbial risk mitigation in a drinking water system.
|
Waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases can cause large costs to society. Risk management needs to be holistic and transparent in order to reduce these risks in an effective manner. Microbial risk mitigation measures in a drinking water system were investigated using a novel approach combining probabilistic risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. Lake Vomb in Sweden was used to exemplify and illustrate the risk-based decision model. Four mitigation alternatives were compared, where the first three alternatives, A1-A3, represented connecting 25, 50 and 75%, respectively, of on-site wastewater treatment systems in the catchment to the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The fourth alternative, A4, represented installing a UV-disinfection unit in the drinking water treatment plant. Quantitative microbial risk assessment was used to estimate the positive health effects in terms of quality adjusted life years (QALYs), resulting from the four mitigation alternatives. The health benefits were monetised using a unit cost per QALY. For each mitigation alternative, the net present value of health and environmental benefits and investment, maintenance and running costs was calculated. The results showed that only A4 can reduce the risk (probability of infection) below the World Health Organization guidelines of 10-4 infections per person per year (looking at the 95th percentile). Furthermore, all alternatives resulted in a negative net present value. However, the net present value would be positive (looking at the 50th percentile using a 1% discount rate) if non-monetised benefits (e.g. increased property value divided evenly over the studied time horizon and reduced microbial risks posed to animals), estimated at 800-1200 SEK (€100-150) per connected on-site wastewater treatment system per year, were included. This risk-based decision model creates a robust and transparent decision support tool. It is flexible enough to be tailored and applied to local settings of drinking water systems. The model provides a clear and holistic structure for decisions related to microbial risk mitigation. To improve the decision model, we suggest to further develop the valuation and monetisation of health effects and to refine the propagation of uncertainties and variabilities between the included methods.
|
['Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Disinfection', 'Drinking Water', 'Humans', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sweden', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid', 'Waste Water', 'Water Purification']
| 29,316,514
|
[['N03.219.151.125'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900'], ['D20.944.932', 'N06.850.460.710.865'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Pharmacokinetics of efavirenz (EFV) alone and in combination therapy with nelfinavir (NFV) in HIV-1 infected patients.
|
AIMS: To define the pharmacokinetic profile of efavirenz (EFV) in HIV-1 infected patients, when administered alone or with nelfinavir (NFV).METHODS: Eleven HIV-positive patients, in steady-state treatment with EFV and 11 patients in steady-state treatment with EFV+NFV, were evaluated. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained during a dosage interval. Plasma concentrations of EFV were determined by h.p.l.c.RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the principal pharmacokinetic parameters of EFV when administered alone or in combination with NFV (mean AUC: 57.1-7727.3 vs 60.9+/-12.3 microg ml-1 h; mean CL/F: 0.18+/-0.072 vs 0.16+/-0.04 l h-1 kg-1; mean Cmax: 4.0+/-1.7 vs 4.3+/-1.2 microg ml-1, and mean tmax: 4.1+/-1.7 vs 3.5+/-0.5 h) Mean trough plasma concentrations (C0) of EFV were 1.64+/-0.93 microg ml-1, with and without NFV. A good correlation was found between C0 and AUC(0,24h) (r=0.96; P<0. 01).CONCLUSIONS: Despite the common metabolic pathway, there was no significant influence of NFV on the pharmacokinetics of EFV. EFV exhibits a relatively low interindividual variability and a dosing regimen of 600 mg day-1 assures plasma concentrations that are adequate for inhibition of viral replication.
|
['Adult', 'Alkynes', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Area Under Curve', 'Benzoxazines', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cyclopropanes', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nelfinavir', 'Oxazines', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 10,594,473
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D02.455.326.397'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D03.383.533.249', 'D03.633.100.209'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.533'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.531.520'], ['D03.383.533'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Endoscopic capsule placement improves the completion rate of small-bowel capsule endoscopy and increases diagnostic yield.
|
BACKGROUND: The methods for increasing the rate of complete small-bowel examinations by capsule endoscopy (CE) demonstrate conflicting results, and it is unknown whether improving the completion rate of CE transit is correlated with improvement in diagnostic yield.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a higher rate of complete small-bowel examinations results in a higher diagnostic yield of CE.DESIGN: Case-control comparison.SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital.PATIENTS: A total of 273 patients underwent conventional CE (group A), and 261 patients underwent real-time CE (group B). Furthermore, the patients in groups A and B were divided into 2 subgroups by pyloric transit time (A1, A2 and B1, B2, respectively).INTERVENTIONS: After swallowing the capsule, each patient was monitored with a real-time viewer in group B, and the patients underwent endoscopic placement if the capsule was delayed in the esophagus or stomach.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Pyloric transit time, small-bowel transit time, the rate of complete small-bowel examinations, and the diagnostic yield.RESULTS: The rate of complete small-bowel examinations was significantly higher in group B than in group A (87.4% vs 78.0%, respectively; P = .004). The diagnostic yield was significantly higher in group B2 than in group A2 (60.0% vs 41.7%, respectively; P = .019).LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study.CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic placement improves the rate of complete small-bowel examinations, resulting in a higher diagnostic yield of CE.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Capsule Endoscopy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Transit', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Intestinal Diseases', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time and Motion Studies']
| 20,304,397
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.388.250.250.250.140'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E01.158', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158'], ['E01.370.372.250.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250', 'E04.210.240.250', 'E04.502.250.250.250'], ['E05.320'], ['E01.370.372.310', 'G10.261.360.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.158.600', 'E01.370.350.350', 'L01.313.500.750.100.158.600'], ['C06.405.469'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['F02.784.412.846.707', 'F02.784.692.746.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Lysosomal acid phosphatase: difference between normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia T and B lymphocytes.
|
Lysosomal acid phosphatase was assayed in homogenates of isolated normal and B cell type chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) T and B lymphocytes by biochemical means. Unlike the results of cytochemical studies reported in the literature enzyme activity was considerably higher in normal B lymphocytes than in corresponding T cells. This finding offers the possibility to use acid phosphatase as a marker for normal B lymphocytes. The diminution of acid phosphatase in unseparated B-CLL lymphocytes depends predominantly upon a loss of enzyme activity in the B cell fraction indicating an intrinsic abnormality of these neoplastic lymphocytes.
|
['Acid Phosphatase', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Cell-Free System', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Lymphoid', 'Lysosomes', 'Methods', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 1,086,689
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.025'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.284.835.168'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.428', 'C15.604.515.560', 'C20.683.515.528'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550'], ['E05.581'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bioreactivity of stent material: Activation of platelets, coagulation, leukocytes and endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro.
|
Outcome of patients with coronary artery disease has been significantly improved by percutaneous coronary interventions with stent implantation. However, despite progress made on devices and antithrombotic treatments, stent thrombosis remains an important issue because of serious adverse consequences. Several mechanisms are assumed to favor stent thrombosis as platelet aggregation, fibrin formation, defective healing and local inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the thrombogenicity, proinflammatory properties and healing capacities of cobalt-chromium (CoCr), an alloy commonly used for cardiovascular implants. Platelet adhesion was quantified in static and flow conditions. Thrombin generation was performed using the calibrated automated thrombogram. Neutrophil adhesion and formation of extracellular traps were visualized by scanning electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence. The phenotype of endothelial cells grown on CoCr was analyzed using specific antibodies, whereas the procoagulant potential was analyzed by measuring thrombin generation and protein C activation. Our results show that human blood platelets adhere to and are activated on CoCr in static and flow conditions. Overall, CoCr significantly induced thrombin generation in the presence or absence of platelets by 1.5- and 4.8-fold, respectively, involving activation of the contact pathway and activation of platelets. CoCr triggered leukocyte adhesion and behaved as a scaffold for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the presence of platelets. Endothelial cells adhered and formed a monolayer covering CoCr. However, they switched from an anticoagulant phenotype to a procoagulant one with a significant 2.2-fold increase in thrombin generation due to a combined 30% reduced capacity to trigger protein C activation and 30% increased expression of tissue factor. Moreover, endothelial cells grown on CoCr acquired an inflammatory phenotype as indicated by the increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. These data show that bare CoCr is prothrombotic and proinflammatory due to its capacity to activate platelets and coagulation and to induce leukocyte adhesion and activation. More importantly, even if endothelialization is achievable, the switch in endothelial phenotype prevents effective healing. Furthermore, we propose our methodology for future preclinical in vitro evaluation of the thrombogenicity of stent materials.
|
['Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Chromium Alloys', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Materials Testing', 'Stents']
| 28,032,527
|
[['G09.188.390.150'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D01.220.175', 'D01.552.033.182', 'D25.058.224', 'D25.339.208.224', 'J01.637.051.058.224', 'J01.637.051.339.208.224'], ['A11.436.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E05.570'], ['E07.695.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Systematic Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies against Ebola Virus GP Defines Features that Contribute to Protection.
|
Antibodies are promising post-exposure therapies against emerging viruses, but which antibody features and in vitro assays best forecast protection are unclear. Our international consortium systematically evaluated antibodies against Ebola virus (EBOV) using multidisciplinary assays. For each antibody, we evaluated epitopes recognized on the viral surface glycoprotein (GP) and secreted glycoprotein (sGP), readouts of multiple neutralization assays, fraction of virions left un-neutralized, glycan structures, phagocytic and natural killer cell functions elicited, and in vivo protection in a mouse challenge model. Neutralization and induction of multiple immune effector functions (IEFs) correlated most strongly with protection. Neutralization predominantly occurred via epitopes maintained on endosomally cleaved GP, whereas maximal IEF mapped to epitopes farthest from the viral membrane. Unexpectedly, sGP cross-reactivity did not significantly influence in vivo protection. This comprehensive dataset provides a rubric to evaluate novel antibodies and vaccine responses and a roadmap for therapeutic development for EBOV and related viruses.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Ebolavirus', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola', 'Immunization', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 30,096,313
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['B04.820.480.937.300.200'], ['D23.050.550'], ['C01.925.782.417.415', 'C01.925.782.580.250.400'], ['E02.095.465.425.400', 'E05.478.550', 'N02.421.726.758.310', 'N06.850.780.200.425', 'N06.850.780.680.310'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Sialyl-Tn Polysaccharide A1 as an Entirely Carbohydrate Immunogen: Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation.
|
Sialyl Thomsen-nouveau (STn) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA) that is overexpressed in a variety of carcinomas such as breast, ovarian, and colon cancer. In normal tissue, STn is not detectable, which is critical for opportunities in developing cancer immunotherapies. A novel, entirely carbohydrate, semisynthetic STn-polysaccharide (PS) A1 conjugate was prepared and evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. STn-PS A1 was combined with commercially available monophosphoryl lipid A-based adjuvant, and after immunization, ELISA indicated a strong immune response for inducing anti-STn IgM/IgG antibodies. The specificity of these antibodies was concomitantly investigated using FACS analysis, and the results indicated excellent cell surface binding events to STn-expressing cancer cell lines MCF-7 and OVCAR-5. An INF-ã ELISpot assay was conducted to further confirm a robust cellular immunity invoked by STn-PS A1. Most importantly, the raised antibodies conferred complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and OVCAR-5 cells.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate', 'Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic', 'Humans', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Mice', 'Oximes', 'Polysaccharides']
| 27,726,393
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285.050', 'D23.050.550.325', 'D23.101.140.075'], ['E05.197', 'J01.897.836.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['D09.698']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle.
|
To study the peripheral effects of melanocortin on fuel homeostasis in skeletal muscle, we assessed palmitate oxidation and AMP kinase activity in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-treated muscle cells. After alpha-MSH treatment, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) increased in a dose-dependent manner. A strong melanocortin agonist, NDP-MSH, also stimulated FAO in primary culture muscle cells and C2C12 cells. However, [Glu6]alpha-MSH-ND, which has ample MC4R and MC3R agonistic activity, stimulated FAO only at high concentrations (10(-5) M). JKC-363, a selective MC4R antagonist, did not suppress alpha-MSH-induced FAO. Meanwhile, SHU9119, which has both antagonistic activity on MC3R and MC4R and agonistic activity on both MC1R and MC5R, increased the effect of alpha-MSH on FAO in both C2C12 and primary muscle cells. Small interference RNA against MC5R suppressed the alpha-MSH-induced FAO effectively. cAMP analogues mimicked the effect of alpha-MSH on FAO, and the effects of both alpha-MSH and cAMP analogue-mediated FAO were antagonized by a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) and a cAMP antagonist ((Rp)-cAMP). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity was suppressed by alpha-MSH and cAMP analogues by phosphorylation through AMP-activated protein kinase activation in C2C12 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that alpha-MSH increases FAO in skeletal muscle, in which MC5R may play a major role. Furthermore, these results suggest that alpha-MSH-induced FAO involves cAMP-protein kinase A-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase activation.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Primers', 'Fatty Acids', 'Hindlimb', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mitochondria, Muscle', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myoblasts', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'alpha-MSH']
| 17,127,674
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D10.251'], ['A13.473'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627', 'A11.284.835.626.627'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A11.872.620'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.430.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.285.500.500'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.179', 'D06.472.699.327.935.531.750.050', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.179', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.400.935.179', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.400.460.050', 'D12.644.548.365.935.179', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.750.050', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.179', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.179', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.750.050', 'D12.776.631.650.460.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The secular growth acceleration: does it appear during fetal life?
|
OBJECTIVE: To test if secular growth acceleration occurs during fetal life.METHODS: ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test have been used for the biometric characteristics comparison of nowadays fetal population with those three decades ago and to test the hypothesis about the existence of secular growth acceleration during fetal life. For this purpose, we first calculated mean values of particular biometric parameters for the whole pregnancy. During the period 2002-2009 biparietal diameter, fetal length and abdominal circumference measurements in singleton uncomplicated pregnancies between 22 and 41 gestational weeks were obtained. Gestational age was estimated according to Naegele's rule and confirmed with an early ultrasound examination. Pregnancies with fetal cromosomopathies and malformations were excluded as well as those resulting in perinatal death.RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences of the examined fetal biometric parameters measured by ultrasound between contemporary fetal population and those from 35 years ago.CONCLUSION: Our investigation did not undoubtedly prove that significant changes of fetal biometric parameters occurred in the last three decades. It is possible that secular growth acceleration does not exist in prenatal period but also the observed time period could have been short for this phenomenon to manifest.
|
['Acceleration', 'Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Fetal Development', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Population Growth', 'Pregnancy', 'Reference Values', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 24,446,763
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['G07.345.500.325.235', 'G08.686.784.170.157'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['I01.240.600.660', 'N01.224.625.660', 'N06.850.505.400.700.660'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Correlation Between Chain Architecture and Hydration Water Structure in Polysaccharides.
|
The physical properties of confined water can differ dramatically from those of bulk water. Hydration water associated with polysaccharides provides a particularly interesting example of confined water, because differences in polysaccharide structure provide different spatially confined environments for water sorption. We have used attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy to investigate the structure of hydration water in films of three different polysaccharides under controlled relative humidity (RH) conditions. We compare the results obtained for films of highly branched, dendrimer-like phytoglycogen nanoparticles to those obtained for two unbranched polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid (HA), and chitosan. We find similarities between the water structuring in the two linear polysaccharides and significant differences for phytoglycogen. In particular, the results suggest that the high degree of branching in phytoglycogen leads to a much more well-ordered water structure (low density, high connectivity network water), indicating the strong influence of chain architecture on the structuring of water. These measurements provide unique insight into the relationship between the structure and hydration of polysaccharides, which is important for understanding and exploiting these sustainable nanomaterials in a wide range of applications.
|
['Chitosan', 'Glycogen', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Water']
| 26,859,153
|
[['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['G02.409'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Over-selectivity as a learned response.
|
An experiment investigated the effects of different levels of task complexity in pre-training on over-selectivity in a subsequent match-to-sample (MTS) task. Twenty human participants were divided into two groups; exposed either to a 3-element, or a 9-element, compound stimulus as a sample during MTS training. After the completion of training, both groups were tested on an MTS task using a novel 6-element compound sample stimulus. The level of over-selectivity at test was influenced by the training. Specifically, the group exposed to a more complex (9-element) training task displayed higher levels of over-selectivity at test than the group with a less complex training task. The results suggest that over-selectivity may be a learned response to complex situations, and are discussed with respect to theories and treatments for over-selectivity.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Choice Behavior', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Cues', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Statistical', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reference Values']
| 20,951,544
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.978.810']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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