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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X-ray structure of cyanide-bound bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase in the fully oxidized state at 2.0 ? resolution.
|
The X-ray structure of cyanide-bound bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase in the fully oxidized state was determined at 2.0 ? resolution. The structure reveals that the peroxide that bridges the two metals in the fully oxidized state is replaced by a cyanide ion bound in a nearly symmetric end-on fashion without significantly changing the protein conformation outside the two metal sites.
|
['Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cattle', 'Crystallization', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Mitochondria, Heart', 'Models, Molecular', 'Myocardium', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Potassium Cyanide', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary']
| 26,057,802
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627.603', 'A11.284.835.626.627.603'], ['E05.599.595'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D01.625.400.100.750', 'D01.745.635'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Quantitative tools for addressing hospital readmissions.
|
BACKGROUND: Increased interest in health care cost containment is focusing attention on reduction of hospital readmissions. Major payors have already developed financial penalties for providers that generate excess readmissions. This subject has benefitted from the development of resources such as the Potentially Preventable Readmissions software. This process has encouraged hospitals to renew efforts to improve these outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe quantitative tools such as definitions, risk estimation, and tracking of patients for reducing hospital readmissions.FINDINGS: This study employed the Potentially Preventable Readmissions software to develop quantitative tools for addressing hospital readmissions. These tools included two definitions of readmissions that support identification and management of patients. They also included analytical approaches for estimation of the risk of readmission for individual patients by age, discharge status of the initial admission, and severity of illness. They also included patient specific spreadsheets for tracking of target populations and for evaluation of the impact of interventions.CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that quantitative tools including the development of definitions of readmissions, estimation of the risk of readmission, and patient specific spreadsheets could contribute to the improvement of patient outcomes in hospitals.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Health Care Costs', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Length of Stay', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Discharge', 'Patient Readmission', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 23,121,730
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['E02.760.400.620', 'N02.421.585.400.620'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Oswestry Disability Index: Is Telephone Administration Valid?
|
Background: The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is among the most widely used patient reported outcome measures for the assessment of spinal conditions. Traditionally, the ODI has been administered in outpatient clinics on a face-to-face basis, which can be expensive and time consuming. Furthermore, the percentage of patients lost to clinical follow-up is high, particularly after 2-5 years. Thus, telephonic administration of the ODI, if valid, could be a convenient way of capturing patient outcomes and increasing follow-up rates. The objective of this study was to validate telephonic administration of the ODI compared to face-to-face administration.Methods: A convenience sample of individuals with and without back pain in an academic medical center were recruited for this study. Face-to-face administration of the ODI was completed and retested 24 hours later via phone. Test-retest reliability was determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient.Results: 22 individuals completed the ODI questionnaire face-to-face, then via telephone 24 hours later. There was a mean 2% (± 3) intra-rater ODI score difference (range: 0% to 12%). The intraclass correlation coefficient overall was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.99, p<0.001) with a range of 0.95 to 1.0, revealing near-perfect test-retest reliability.Conclusions: Administration of the ODI questionnaire over the phone has excellent test-retest reliability when compared to face-to-face administration. Telephone administration is a convenient and reliable option for obtaining follow-up outcomes data.Clinical Relevance: Telephonic administration of the ODI is scientifically valid, and should be an accepted method of data collection for state-level and national-level outcomes projects.
|
['Adult', 'Back Pain', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spinal Diseases', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Telephone']
| 32,577,114
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.888.592.612.107'], ['E01.370.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C05.116.900'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['L01.178.847.698']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
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|
Evidence for nucleosome depletion at active regulatory regions genome-wide.
|
The identification of nuclease-hypersensitive sites in an active globin gene and in the 5' regions of fruit fly heat shock genes first suggested that chromatin changes accompany gene regulation in vivo. Here we present evidence that the basic repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, nucleosomes, are depleted from active regulatory elements throughout the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome in vivo. We found that during rapid mitotic growth, the level of nucleosome occupancy is inversely proportional to the transcriptional initiation rate at the promoter. We also observed a partial loss of histone H3 and H4 tetramers from the coding regions of the most heavily transcribed genes. Alterations in the global transcriptional program caused by heat shock or a change in carbon source resulted in an increased nucleosome occupancy at repressed promoters, and a decreased nucleosome occupancy at promoters that became active. Nuclease-hypersensitive sites occur in species from yeast to humans and result from chromatin perturbation. Given the conservation of sequence and function among components of both chromatin and the transcriptional machinery, nucleosome depletion at promoters may be a fundamental feature of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
|
['Genes, Fungal', 'Histones', 'Nucleosomes', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 15,247,917
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['D12.776.157.687.485', 'D12.776.660.720.485', 'D12.776.664.469'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180.625', 'D12.776.664.224.550', 'G05.360.160.180.625'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study.
|
The extent to which a fracture at one skeletal site predicts further fractures at other sites remains uncertain. We addressed this issue using information from the UK General Practice Research Database, which contains the medical records of general practitioners; our study population consisted of all patients aged 20 years or older with an incident fracture during 1988 to 1998. We identified 222 369 subjects (119 317 women, 103 052 men) who had sustained at least one fracture during follow-up. There was a 2- to 3-fold increase in the risk of subsequent fractures at different skeletal sites. A patient with a radius/ulna fracture had a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 3.0 (95% confidence interval 2.9-3.1) for fractures at a different skeletal site; for initial vertebral fracture, this ratio was 2.9 (2.8-3.1) and for initial femur/hip fracture it was 2.6 (2.5-2.7). The SIRs were generally higher among men than women. Men aged 65-74 years with a radius/ulna fracture or vertebral fracture had substantially higher rates of subsequent femur/hip fractures than expected; SIRs were 6.0 (3.4-9.9) and 13.4 (7.3-22.5). Corresponding SIRs among women of similar age were 3.3 (2.8-3.9) and 5.8 (4.1-8.1), respectively. Men and women aged 65 years or older with a vertebral fracture had a 5-year risk of femur/hip fracture of 6.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Our results indicate that fractures at any site are strong risk factors for subsequent fractures, among both elderly men and women.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Patient Selection', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 12,181,620
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dietary fat saturation affects hepatocyte insulin binding and glucose metabolism in BHE rats.
|
The influence of feeding 6% hydrogenated coconut oil, corn oil or menhaden oil on hepatocyte insulin binding, receptor number and glucose use was studied. Hepatocytes isolated from rats fed menhaden oil had a significantly greater affinity for insulin than hepatocytes from rats fed hydrogenated coconut oil. Glucose use was not influenced by diet; uniformly labeled glucose was metabolized to CO2 or to lipid similarly in cells isolated from rats fed the three oils. Thus, dietary fat type in a low fat diet influenced events at the plasma membrane without influencing intracellular events.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Cell Survival', 'Coconut Oil', 'Cocos', 'Corn Oil', 'Dietary Fats', 'Fish Oils', 'Glucose', 'Insulin', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Plant Oils', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Receptor, Insulin']
| 1,941,190
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['G04.346'], ['D10.627.700.186'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.093.211'], ['D10.212.302.380.370', 'D10.212.507.340', 'D10.627.700.240', 'D20.215.784.750.240', 'G07.203.300.375.400.250', 'J02.500.375.400.250'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D10.627.430'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.620'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vascularized collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix provides a dermal substrate and improves take of cultured epithelial autografts.
|
Cultured epithelial autografts are an important adjunct in treating severely burned patients, greatly expanding the epidermis using a small donor site. Problems with cultured epithelial autografts include the time delay to culture cells to confluence and variable take on full-thickness wounds. Dermal allografts have been used as a substrate to improve the take of cultured epithelial autografts. This study examined the effect of a vascularized collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix as a substrate for cultured epithelial autografts. The matrix was grafted onto 12 full-thickness wounds in Yorkshire pigs and allowed to vascularize for 10 days. The cultured epithelial autografts were applied over the vascularized collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrix (n = 12) or onto freshly excised full-thickness wounds (n = 10). Gross and histologic observations were made over a 3-week period. Gross observations at 7 days indicated cultured epithelial autografts to have nearly complete confluence when applied to wounds treated by collagen-glycosaminoglycan, whereas cultured epithelial autografts applied to freshly excised wounds did not take. Gross determination of epithelial confluence was verified by histologic analysis of randomly selected wounds. Histologic epithelial confluence of cultured epithelial autografts on collagen-glycosaminoglycan (98 +/- 4 percent) was significantly greater than that on full-thickness wounds (4 +/- 10 percent). Electron microscopy of the cultured epithelial autografts/collagen-glycosaminoglycan construct demonstrated anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction at day 7. The neoepidermis of wounds treated by cultured epithelial autografts/collagen-glycosaminoglycan was hyperplastic at day 7 but developed a normal maturation sequence by 21 days. Results from this study suggest that vascularized collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices produce a favorable substrate for cultured epithelial autografts and may improve cultured epithelial autografts take in burn patients.
|
['Animals', 'Collagen', 'Culture Techniques', 'Epithelium', 'Female', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Graft Survival', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Skin Transplantation', 'Surgical Flaps', 'Swine', 'Transplantation, Autologous']
| 9,703,079
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['E05.481.500'], ['A10.272'], ['D09.698.373'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['G09.330.630'], ['E02.095.147.725.700', 'E04.680.275.850', 'E04.936.580.700'], ['A10.850.710', 'E07.862.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['E04.936.664']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hepatitis C infection in childhood.
|
Hepatitis C infection in children has a different course than in adults, with higher rates of spontaneous clearance. Prenatal (vertical) transmission is the most common route of transmission in childhood. Only a high maternal viral load and HIV co-infection have been proven to increase the risk of infection in the offspring. There is thus no evidence to recommend abstinence from breastfeeding, or elective C-section to prevent transmission. Standard interferon, pegylated interferon and ribavirin are the only approved therapies in children. Severe liver disease is extremely rare in childhood, and described mainly in patients contaminated through blood transfusion.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Female', 'Hepatitis C', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferon alpha-2', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferons', 'Liver', 'Mass Screening', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Pregnancy', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Ribavirin']
| 22,521,559
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250.500', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250.500', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D13.570.800.790']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical information systems--developing a systematic planning process.
|
CHW is a large and diverse hospital system that developed a systematic planning process to define, prioritize, and assess the current status of those functionalities needed by caregivers to assist them in providing optimal care. In order to develop a durable consensus, a bottom-up approach was used. The details of the process including the structure of the meetings and many of the methodologies employed are presented.
|
['Benchmarking', 'California', 'Catholicism', 'Decision Making, Organizational', 'Decision Support Systems, Clinical', 'Documentation', 'Group Processes', 'Hospital Information Systems', 'Hospital Planning', 'Hospitals, Religious', 'Humans', 'Investments', 'Medical Staff, Hospital', 'Multi-Institutional Systems', 'Organizational Case Studies', 'Planning Techniques']
| 11,189,798
|
[['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['K01.844.188.250'], ['N04.452.190'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.190'], ['L01.453.245'], ['F01.829.316'], ['N04.452.442.452.452', 'N04.452.515.360'], ['N03.349.650.250.200'], ['N02.278.421.481.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.702'], ['M01.526.485.630.490', 'M01.526.485.740.422', 'N02.360.630.490', 'N02.360.740.422'], ['N04.452.540'], ['N03.349.380.710', 'N05.715.360.455'], ['N04.452.718']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A pilot open label study of Cystoprotek in interstitial cystitis.
|
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disorder of the urinary bladder characterized by urgency, frequency, nocturia and suprapubic pain. IC occurs primarily in women and symptoms are exacerbated by stress, ovulatory hormones and certain foods. IC pathogenesis is unknown, but the most consistent findings involve some dysfunction of the bladder glycosaminoglycan (GAG) protective layer and a high number of activated bladder mast cells. There is no effective therapy even through intravesical administration of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or oral pentosanpolysulfate (PPS) have had variable success. A dietary supplement, CystoProtek, was formulated with the natural GAG components chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate to provide urothelial cytoprotection, together with the flavonoid quercetin that has anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits activation of mast cells. Thirty-seven female patients diagnosed by the NIDDK criteria who had failed all forms of therapy took six softgel CystoProtek capsules per day for 6 months. Global assessment scale was reduced from 9.0 +/- 2.9 to 4.3 +/- 2.1 (p < 0.05); moreover, the O'Leary/Sant Symptom Index decreased from 15.3 +/- 3.1 to 6.9 +/- 4.2 (p < 0.05) and the Problem Index from 13.1 +/- 3.7 to 5.4 +/- 4.0 (p <0.05). These results are very promising and warrant a larger study that may permit further analyses with respect to other, especially atopic, comorbid diseases.
|
['Adult', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Drug Combinations', 'Female', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Pilot Projects', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 15,698,523
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['C12.777.829.495.500', 'C13.351.968.829.495.500'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['D26.310'], ['D09.698.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A woman-led approach to improving postnatal care.
|
As a large NHS teaching trust we see 6,000 women a year who birth with us. Newly appointed as a modern matron, I noted that poor experience on our postnatal ward has always been a key issue in the complaints we receive and from the feedback that our women give to us. The ImPosE (improving postnatal experience) project was launched in December 2013. This brought together members of the multidisciplinary team who were committed to developing our postnatal ward and improving it for our women and their families. We used a quality management approach, putting 'customer' experience at the core, and implemented a varied package of changes as directed by feedback from service users.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Patient Care Team', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Postnatal Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Program Evaluation', 'State Medicine', 'Total Quality Management', 'United Kingdom', "Women's Health", 'Women, Working']
| 25,109,071
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.452.610'], ['N04.590.715'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['E02.760.703.500', 'N02.421.143.620.550.500', 'N02.421.585.703.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858'], ['N04.452.955', 'N04.761.700.675', 'N05.700.792'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['N01.400.900'], ['M01.975.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Structural Fat Grafting to Improve Outcomes of Vocal Folds' Fat Augmentation: Long-term Results.
|
Objective Evaluating the long-term outcomes of vocal fold structural fat grafting. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting University hospital. Subjects and Methods Seventy-nine dysphonic patients (16-82 years; 55 with unilateral laryngeal paralysis and 24 with vocal fold scarring) underwent vocal fold fat injection. Fat was harvested by low-pressure liposuction and then processed by centrifugation. Refined fat aliquots were placed in the vocal fold and paraglottic space in multiple tunnels to enhance graft neovascularization. All patients were followed for 12 months, 15 for 3 years, and 5 for 10 years with videolaryngostroboscopy, maximal phonation time (MPT) measurement, Voice Handicap Index (VHI) questionnaire, and GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) perceptual evaluation. Laryngeal computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed in 16 patients 3 to 28 months postoperatively; MRI was repeated in 5 cases 12 to 18 months after the first radiological study. Results The voice quality of all patients improved after surgery, and long-term stability was confirmed by MPT, GRBAS, and VHI ( P ranging between .004 and <.001). The results achieved 1 year postoperatively remained stable at 3 and 10 years. Videolaryn-gostroboscopy showed improved glottic closure in all patients despite a limited amount of fat resorption. CT and MRI demonstrated survival of the fat grafts in all of the 16 examined cases. Serial MRI scans showed no change in graft size over time. Conclusions The reported clinical and radiological data demonstrate that fat is an effective filler for permanent vocal fold augmentation if the refined micro-aliquots are placed in multiple tunnels.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Dysphonia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Video Recording', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Quality']
| 29,160,142
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.400'], ['C08.360.940.325', 'C09.400.940.325', 'C10.597.975.325', 'C23.888.592.979.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['L01.280.960'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['G09.772.925.960']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Personality and attitudes as predictors of risky driving among older drivers.
|
Although there are several studies on the effects of personality and attitudes on risky driving among young drivers, related research in older drivers is scarce. The present study assessed a model of personality-attitudes-risky driving in a large sample of active older drivers. A cross-sectional design was used, and structured and anonymous questionnaires were completed by 485 older Italian drivers (Mean age=68.1, SD=6.2, 61.2% males). The measures included personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, risky driving (errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and self-reported crash involvement and number of issued traffic tickets in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling showed that personality traits predicted both directly and indirectly traffic violations, errors, and lapses. More positive attitudes toward traffic safety negatively predicted risky driving. In turn, risky driving was positively related to self-reported crash involvement and higher number of issued traffic tickets. Our findings suggest that theoretical models developed to account for risky driving of younger drivers may also apply in the older drivers, and accordingly be used to inform safe driving interventions for this age group.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Aged', 'Attitude', 'Automobile Driving', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Personality', 'Personality Inventory', 'Risk-Taking', 'Safety']
| 25,108,900
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100'], ['I03.125'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.711.647.513'], ['F01.145.722'], ['N06.850.135.060.075']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of antenatal glucocorticoids on clinical closure of the ductus arteriosus.
|
The incidence of clinically detectable patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a group of preterm infants whose birth weights were less than 2,000 g was compared with that of a similar group of infants whose mothers received antenatal glucocorticoids. A PDA was diagnosed on the basis of a typical heart murmur, increased precordial activity, and bounding peripheral pulses beyond the third day of life. Whereas 14 (44%) of 32 infants who were not exposed to antenatal glucocorticoids showed evidence of a PDA, only one (6.5% of 15 infants whose mothers received antenatal glucocorticoids had similar findings. The incidence of ruptured membranes (greater than 72 hours), the number of infants who were small for gestational age, and clinical management of the infants in the two groups were similar.
|
['Ductus Arteriosus, Patent', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Male', 'Obstetric Labor, Premature', 'Pregnancy']
| 6,829,513
|
[['C14.240.400.340', 'C14.280.400.340', 'C16.131.240.400.340'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C16.614.521'], ['C13.703.420.491'], ['G08.686.784.769']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Muscle and species reactivity of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human eye muscle membrane antigens.
|
We studied the tissue and species reactivity of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) produced by immunizing mice with a 100,000g ultracentrifuged preparation of human eye muscle (HEM) membranes. Twenty-three MCABs, 20 of which reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with HEM membrane, 2 with human thyroid membrane, and 1 nonreactive negative control, were selected for the study. The muscle and species specificity of 6 of the most reactive and more restrictively reactive MCAB were studied in more detail. All reacted in ELISA with human skeletal muscle membrane and, to a lesser extent, with human cardiac muscle membrane, but not with human brain membrane. The 6 MCAB cross-reacted with eye muscle membrane prepared from pig but not rat, although reactivity with human tissue was greatest for all MCAB tested. When tested in immunoblotting with HEM and thyroid membranes, 3 of 6 MCAB reacted with a 64-kDa protein in HEM, 2 of which also reacted with an antigen of the same molecular weight in thyroid membrane. In a complement-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity assay, 5 of 19 MCAB lysed HEM cells, 6 of 21 lysed human skeletal muscle cells, and 10 of 22 lysed human thyroid cells. These findings support results from earlier clinical studies which showed that eye muscle membrane reactive autoantibodies in the serum of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy cross-react with membrane prepared from other striated muscle. The significance of eye muscle, skeletal muscle, and thyroid cross-reactivity of MCAB is discussed in the context of autoimmune thyroid disease and ophthalmopathy.
|
['Abdominal Muscles', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Blotting, Western', 'Brain', 'Breast', 'Complement Pathway, Classical', 'Cross Reactions', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Eye', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lung', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Muscles', 'Myocardium', 'Parotid Gland', 'Rats', 'Species Specificity', 'Spleen', 'Swine', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 1,826,865
|
[['A02.633.567.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.100'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A01.236'], ['G12.274.698'], ['G12.122.281'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A04.411'], ['D12.776.543'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['A03.556.500.760.464', 'A10.336.779.464', 'A14.549.760.464'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G16.824'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hematopoietic growth factors and human acute leukemia.
|
The study of myelopoietic maturation arrest in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) has been eased by availability of the human recombinant hemopoietic growth factors, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte-(G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-(GM-CSF) and multilineage stimulating factor (IL-3). Nonphysiological expansion of the leukemic population is not due to escape from control by these factors. Proliferation in vitro of AML cells is dependent on the presence of one or several factors in most cases. The pattern of factor-dependency does not correlate with morphological criteria in individual cases, and may thus offer a new tool for classification of AML. Overproduction of undifferentiated cells is not due to abnormal expression of receptors for the stimulating factors acting at an immature level. Rather, autocrine secretion of early acting lymphokines maintains proliferation of the leukemic clone. When looking at causes of leukemic dysregulation, yet undefined inhibitors of differentiation probably are of equal importance as dysequilibrated stimulation by lymphokines.
|
['Cell Division', 'Colony-Stimulating Factors', 'Granulocytes', 'Hematopoiesis', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-3', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Macrophages']
| 3,264,416
|
[['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240', 'D12.776.395.240', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240', 'D23.529.374.410.240'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['G04.152.825', 'G09.188.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.400', 'D12.644.276.374.465.032', 'D12.776.395.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.032', 'D23.529.374.410.240.400', 'D23.529.374.465.169'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Retrospective analysis of poisoning cases admitted to the emergency medicine.
|
BACKGROUND: We aimed herein to assess demographic, etiological, and clinical characteristics of patients presenting to our hospital's emergency department with acute poisoning.METHOD: This study included a total of 509 (0.27%) patients diagnosed with poisoning at our emergency department within a 3-year period. This was a retrospective study. RESULTS: Seventy-one point three (n = 363) percent of the patients were female. The majority of the victims were in the 18-25 years age group (P < 0.001). The poisoning incident was for suicidal purposes in 83.7% of patients. Among the patients presenting with prescription drug poisoning, 92.9% were poisoned in a suicide attempt while 73.2% of patients presenting with poisoning with non-medical substances were poisoned accidentally. Suicidal poisonings were more common in young age group and females (P < 0.001). The most common poisoning agent was antidepressants (17.6%) followed by analgesics (12.8%), and other psychotropic drugs (6.1%). Antidepressant drugs were the most common prescription drugs taken for suicidal purposes (P < 0.001). Poisonings occurred with a single agent in 72.5% of cases and with two or more agents in 27.5% of cases. Analysis of duration of hospital stay revealed that 52.6% (n = 60) of patients stayed in hospital for 2 days. The mortality rate was 0.4%.CONCLUSION: The majority of poisonings were with prescription drugs, for suicidal purposes, in young age group, and in females. In our study, the three most common agents causing poisoning were antidepressants, analgesics, and other psychotropic substances.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Analgesics', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Demography', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Poisoning', 'Psychotropic Drugs', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Distribution', 'Suicide, Attempted', 'Young Adult']
| 25,644,801
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.663.850.014', 'D27.505.954.427.040'], ['D27.505.954.427.700.122'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C25.723'], ['D27.505.954.427.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
What happened to total parenteral nutrition? The disappearance of its use in a trauma intensive care unit.
|
BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with known costs, including the use of invasive procedures, which may be necessary to optimize care. Our purpose was to document TPN use in trauma patients over time as well as concurrent changes in TPN-associated complications.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit during a period of 6 years from a Level I trauma center. Comparative cohorts and the matched case-control approaches were used to analyze the difference in outcomes between patients with and without TPN during hospitalization. Logistic regression model was used to compare the outcomes of the two groups of patients adjusting for significant risk factors. The McNemar's test was used to assess the differences in outcomes between the cases and their matched controls.RESULTS: There were 2,964 patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit during the 6-year period and 464 patients received TPN during their hospital course. TPN use decreased significantly from 26% in the year 2000 to 3% in 2005 (p < 0.0001). Excluding those who died in the first 72 hours, the mortality rate was significantly lower (5.4% no TPN vs. 10.2% TPN, p = 0.001) in patients who were managed without TPN. Complication rates (wound infection, dehiscence, line sepsis, bacteremia, sepsis, pneumonia, renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) were significantly higher in patients that were managed with TPN. Multivariate analysis adjusting for abbreviated injury score, injury severity score, mechanism, admission year, dialysis, ventilator use, hollow viscous injury, and solid organ injury found that TPN use was still an independent risk factor for increased complications but not death. The matched case-control approach confirmed this finding. TPN use was also associated with increase intensive care unit and hospital length of stay.CONCLUSIONS: The rate of TPN use has declined significantly from 26% to 3% during the 6-year period. The change in practice of minimizing TPN was concurrent with decreased complications and less hospital resource utilization without negatively impacting mortality.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Length of Stay', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parenteral Nutrition, Total', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Trauma Centers', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 18,212,641
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.421.505.575', 'E02.642.500.505.750'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400'], ['C26']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glucose metabolic dysfunction in subjects with a clinical dementia rating of 0.5.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cerebral glucose metabolism of subjects who had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5, we studied 40 subjects whose CDR was 0.5 and 40 age-matched healthy subjects.METHODS: Cerebral glucose image of each subject was obtained by [18F]-2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). The anatomically standardized images were produced with NEUROSTAT. Then, the two groups were compared with the Statistical Parametric Mappings (SPM) 99.RESULTS: A comparison with the SPM 99 revealed that relative cerebral glucose metabolism was lower in the posterior cingulate gyri and parietal lobules in the CDR 0.5 group than in the healthy subjects group.CONCLUSION: These findings are very similar to those in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and suggest that the majority of subjects with CDR 0.5 are suffering from very mild AD or at least a prodromal state of AD.
|
['Aged', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Glucose Metabolism Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 14,568,131
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['C18.452.394'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis for identification of genes affecting growth under ethanol stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
We quantified the growth behavior of all available single gene deletion strains of budding yeast under ethanol stress. Genome-wide analyses enabled the extraction of the genes and determination of the functional categories required for growth under this condition. Statistical analyses revealed that the growth of 446 deletion strains under stress induced by 8% ethanol was defective. We classified these deleted genes into known functional categories, and found that many were important for growth under ethanol stress including several categories that have not been characterized, such as peroxisome. We also performed genome-wide screening under osmotic stress and identified 329 osmotic-sensitive strains. We excluded these strains from the 446 ethanol-sensitive strains to extract the genes whose deletion caused sensitivity to ethanol-specific (359 genes), osmotic-specific (242 genes), and both stresses (87 genes). We also extracted the functional categories that are specifically important for growth under ethanol stress. The genes and functional categories identified in the analysis might provide clues to improving ethanol stress tolerance among yeast cells.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Ethanol', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 19,054,128
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['D02.033.375'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.308.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The association between fatigue and pain symptoms and decreased physical activity after cancer.
|
PURPOSE: Patients with cancer frequently experience symptoms such as fatigue and pain that can influence their ability to maintain their usual physical activity (PA). This study aimed to evaluate whether symptoms of fatigue and pain are associated with decreased PA among patients with cancer.METHODS: We recruited patients with a cancer diagnosis from one academic medical center and 11 affiliated community hospitals to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between symptoms, demographics, and clinical characteristics and decreased PA since cancer diagnosis.RESULTS: Among 629 participants, 499 (79%) reported a decreased level of PA since their cancer diagnosis. In the past 7 days from the time of the survey, 78% of participants reported moderate to very severe fatigue, and 68% reported a pain level 4 or greater on a scale of 0 to 10. Adjusted for covariates, patients with fatigue (Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR 4.01, 95% CI 2.41-6.65) and pain (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.12) had higher odds of reporting decreased PA since diagnosis. Receipt of chemotherapy or currently receiving active cancer treatment was also associated with decreased PA (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue and pain are associated with decreased PA among patients with cancer, even after adjusting for cancer treatment. Interventions focused on managing these symptoms may help promote maintenance of PA throughout cancer treatment and beyond.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Pain', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 29,675,547
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Feasibility and Safety of an Operative Tool for Anterior Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Treatment.
|
BACKGROUND: Operative management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the tibialis anterior muscle compartment (ant-CECS) usually involves the use of a fasciotome. Collateral tissue damage such as hematoma and nerve damage may occur during the procedure. The current report assessed the feasibility and safety of an alternative tool for the operative management of ant-CECS.METHODS: The system had a speculum-like hollow tube that was inserted via a 2-cm skin incision and allowed for the protected advancement of a fasciotome. The device was tested in patients with bilateral ant-CECS. Symptoms were prospectively scored before and after surgery using a 5-category verbal rating scale (VRS). Fourteen patients (age 26 ± 10 years) were analyzed. Complications and operative efficacy were determined using physical examination and questionnaires after 21 (range = 16-25) months.RESULTS: Technical operative success rate was 100% (28/28 legs). Operation time was 10 ± 2 minutes per leg (range = 6-14). Perioperative complications were not observed. One superficial wound infection was treated nonoperatively. Significant reductions in pain (-2.2 ± 1.1 on 5-point VRS, P < .001), tightness (-1.9 ± 1.6, P = .01), cramps (-1.4 ± 1.6, P = .009), muscle weakness (-1.6 ± 1.2, P < .001), and altered sensibility (-1.3 ± 1.4, P = .005) were registered 21 months postoperatively.CONCLUSION: This fasciotome was simple to use and allowed for a safe fasciotomy in patients with leg ant-CECS. A randomized controlled trial comparing the present device with a widely used fasciotome was under way at the time of writing of this study.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Compartment Syndromes', 'Equipment Design', 'Fasciotomy', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Operative Time', 'Patient Safety', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physical Exertion', 'Return to Sport', 'Surgical Instruments', 'Young Adult']
| 26,219,908
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C05.651.180', 'C14.907.303'], ['E05.320'], ['E04.321'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A01.378.610'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['G11.427.683'], ['I03.450.642.845.605'], ['E07.858.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
MZC Gel Inhibits SHIV-RT and HSV-2 in Macaque Vaginal Mucosa and SHIV-RT in Rectal Mucosa.
|
The Population Council's microbicide gel MZC (also known as PC-1005) containing MIV-150 and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA) in carrageenan (CG) has shown promise as a broad-spectrum microbicide against HIV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and human papillomavirus. Previous data show antiviral activity against these viruses in cell-based assays, prevention of vaginal and rectal simian-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (SHIV-RT) infection, and reduction of vaginal HSV shedding in rhesus macaques and also excellent antiviral activity against HSV and human papillomavirus in murine models. Recently, we demonstrated that MZC is safe and effective against SHIV-RT in macaque vaginal explants. Here we established models of ex vivo SHIV-RT/HSV-2 coinfection of vaginal mucosa and SHIV-RT infection of rectal mucosa in macaques (challenge of rectal mucosa with HSV-2 did not result in reproducible tissue infection), evaluated antiviral activity of MZC, and compared quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay readouts for monitoring SHIV-RT infection. MZC (at nontoxic dilutions) significantly inhibited SHIV-RT in vaginal and rectal mucosas and HSV-2 in vaginal mucosa when present during viral challenge. Analysis of SHIV-RT infection and MZC activity by 1-step simian immunodeficiency virus gag quantitative RT-PCR and p27 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated similar virus growth dynamics and MZC activity by both methods and higher sensitivity of quantitative RT-PCR. Our data provide more evidence that MZC is a promising dual compartment multipurpose prevention technology candidate.
|
['Animals', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Female', 'Gels', 'Herpesvirus 2, Human', 'Macaca', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Pyridines', 'RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'Rectum', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus', 'Urea', 'Vagina']
| 27,552,154
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['B04.280.382.100.750.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E05.599'], ['A10.615.550'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.800', 'B04.820.650.805.700'], ['D02.065.950'], ['A05.360.319.779']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tactual, visual, and cross-modal transfer of texture in 5- and 8-year-old children.
|
Children's tactual, visual, and cross-modal transfer abilities for texture were investigated in a delayed matching-to-sample paradigm. Transfer performance from vision to touch was found to increase between 5 and 8 years of age, whereas transfer performance from touch to vision did not vary with age and matched touch-to-touch performance. Asymmetrical cross-modal abilities were observed at the age of 8 years, vision-to-touch transfer performance being higher than touch-to-vision transfer performance (experiment 2). This developmental pattern could not be attributed to limitations in the tactual or visual discriminability of the textures or to differences in tactual or visual memory between the two age groups (experiment 1). It is suggested that the increase with age in vision-to-touch performance may be related to the intervention of more efficient top-down perceptual processes in the older children.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Child', 'Child Development', 'Child, Preschool', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychology, Child', 'Surface Properties', 'Touch', 'Transfer, Psychology']
| 17,624,118
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.525.200', 'G07.345.374.750'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.425.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F04.096.628.193'], ['G02.860'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['F02.463.425.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Alternative nuclear transport for cellular protein quality control.
|
Herpesvirus capsids traverse the nuclear envelope (NE) by utilizing an unusual export pathway termed nuclear egress. In this process, the viral capsid is delivered into the perinuclear space (PNS), producing a vesicular intermediate after fission. After fusion with the outer nuclear membrane (ONM), the naked capsid is released into the cytosol. A recent study now suggests that this pathway might be an endogenous cellular pathway, co-opted by viruses, that serves to transport cellular cargo exceeding the size limit imposed by the nuclear pore complex (NPC). We propose that one function of this pathway is to transport nuclear protein aggregates to the cytosolic autophagy machinery. Our model has implications for our understanding of laminopathies and related diseases affecting proteins residing at the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and nuclear lamina.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Animals', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Nucleus Shape', 'Humans', 'Proteins']
| 22,858,153
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.655.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of dietary iron overload on glutathione peroxidase knockout mice.
|
Excess iron (Fe) intake has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in humans, presumably the result of increased oxidative stress. Previous work by us has shown that feeding a high-Fe diet to selenium (Se)-deficient weanling mice for 4 wk resulted in elevated plasma cholesterol and triglycerides and increased hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Here, we report the effect of Fe overload in mice lacking cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPX1 knockout [KO] mice), the selenoenzyme thought to account for much of the antioxidant action of Se. Four groups of 9-13 weanling wild-type (WT) or GPX1 KO mice were randomly assigned, then fed either an Fe-adequate (35 ppm Fe) or high-Fe (1100 ppm Fe) casein-based diet for 4 wk. Iron was added as ferric citrate. Both diets also contained 0.2 ppm Se added as sodium selenite. As expected, liver GPX1 activity was essentially absent in the KO mice. Another Se parameter measured (hepatic thioredoxin reductase activity) did not vary across groups. Although liver Fe was elevated in mice fed the high-Fe diet, liver TBARS was largely unaffected either by mouse genotype or diet fed. Moreover, plasma lipids were not elevated in the Fe-over-loaded GPX1 KO mice. Thus, decreased GPX1 activity cannot account for the pro-oxidant hyperlipidemic effects observed earlier in mice fed the high-Fe Se-deficient diet. This suggests that impairment of Se functions other than GPX1 activity may be responsible for the elevated plasma lipids and hepatic TBARS seen in the Fe-overloaded Se-deficient mice.
|
['Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'Diet', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Iron', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances', 'Triglycerides']
| 12,117,267
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D08.811.682.732.500'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
TIN2 mediates functions of TRF2 at human telomeres.
|
Telomeres are protective structures at chromosome ends and are crucial for genomic stability. Mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 bind the double-stranded telomeric repeat sequence and in turn are bound by TIN2, TANK1, TANK2, and hRAP1. TRF1 is a negative regulator of telomere length in telomerase-positive cells, whereas TRF2 is important for telomere capping. TIN2 was identified as a TRF1-interacting protein that mediates TRF1 function. We show here that TIN2 also interacts with TRF2 in vitro and in yeast and mammalian cells. TIN2 mutants defective in binding of TRF1 or TRF2 induce a DNA damage response and destabilize TRF1 and TRF2 at telomeres in human cells. Our findings suggest that the functions of TRF1 and TRF2 are linked by TIN2.
|
['Cell Line', 'Humans', 'Protein Binding', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Telomerase', 'Telomere', 'Telomere-Binding Proteins', 'Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1', 'Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2']
| 15,292,264
|
[['A11.251.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.750', 'D12.776.157.687.613', 'D12.776.157.725.500.921', 'D12.776.660.720.613', 'D12.776.664.962.500.921'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.845', 'G05.360.160.845'], ['D12.776.260.735', 'D12.776.660.235.700'], ['D12.776.260.735.750', 'D12.776.660.235.700.750'], ['D12.776.260.735.875', 'D12.776.660.235.700.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trends in gynecologic cancer among elderly women in Denmark, 1980-2012.
|
BACKGROUND: The aim of this analysis was to describe trends in incidence, mortality, prevalence, and survival in Danish women with gynecologic cancer from 1980-2012 comparing women aged 70 years or more with younger women.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gynecologic cancers included were ICD-10 codes C53 (cancer of the cervix uteri), C54 (corpus uteri cancer), C56 (ovarian cancer) and C57 (Fallopian tube cancer). Data derived from the NORDCAN database with comparable data on cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence and relative survival in the Nordic countries, where the Danish data are delivered from the Danish Cancer Registry and the Danish Cause of Death Registry with follow-up for death or emigration until the end of 2013.RESULTS: For cervical cancer the incidence decreased among women aged less than 70 years and remained stable among the elderly. The mortality rates were clearly separated by age groups with a 2-3 fold higher mortality rate among 70 + years-old than younger women. The mortality rates, however, decreased in all age groups from 1980-2012. For ovarian and Fallopian tube cancers the incidence was almost constant, whereas the average annual number of deaths decreased over time from 466 in 1980 to 396 in 2012. The mortality rates were clearly separated by age groups with mortality rates 3-4 times higher among the elderly. The mortality rate decreased among women less than 70 years during the entire period. The average annual number of newly diagnosed corpus uteri cancer increased from 631 in 1980 to 773 in 2012. The mortality rates were clearly separated by age groups with much higher mortality rates among the 70+ years-old as compared with younger women. Overall the mortality rates decreased from 1980 to 2012.CONCLUSION: In gynecologic cancer both mortality rates and survival are age-dependent with a significantly shorter survival in the group of elderly.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Denmark', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Female', 'Genital Neoplasms, Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Mass Screening', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Patient Care Team', 'Prevalence', 'Prognosis', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Rate', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 26,784,001
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.186'], ['Z01.542.816.124'], ['E01.390.500'], ['C04.588.945.418', 'C13.351.937.418'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E01.789.625'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['N04.590.715'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Modeling reveals that dynamic regulation of c-FLIP levels determines cell-to-cell distribution of CD95-mediated apoptosis.
|
The expression levels of caspase-8 inhibitory c-FLIP proteins play an important role in regulating death receptor-mediated apoptosis, as their concentration at the moment when the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) is formed determines the outcome of the DISC signal. Experimental studies have shown that c-FLIP proteins are subject to dynamic turnover and that their stability and expression levels can be rapidly altered. Even though the influence of c-FLIP on the apoptotic behavior of a single cell has been captured in mathematical simulation studies, the effect of c-FLIP turnover and stability has not been investigated. In this study, a mathematical model of apoptosis was developed to analyze how the dynamic turnover and stability of the c-FLIP isoforms regulate apoptotic signaling for both individual cells and cell populations. Intercellular parameter and concentration distributions were used to describe the behavior of cell populations. Monte-Carlo simulations of cell populations showed that c-FLIP turnover is a key determinant of death receptor responses. The fact that the developed model simulates the state of whole cell populations makes it possible to validate it by comparison with empirical data. The proposed modeling approach can be used to further determine limiting factors in the DISC signaling process.
|
['Apoptosis', 'CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein', 'Cell Communication', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Monte Carlo Method', 'Signal Transduction', 'fas Receptor']
| 21,324,892
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D12.644.360.024.285.024', 'D12.644.360.024.500.024', 'D12.644.360.075.421.024', 'D12.776.157.057.018.024', 'D12.776.476.075.421.024'], ['G04.085'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.690.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Naphthalene metabolism and growth inhibition by naphthalene in Polaromonas naphthalenivorans strain CJ2.
|
This study was designed to characterize naphthalene metabolism in Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2. Comparisons were completed using two archetypal naphthalene-degrading bacteria: Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816-4 and Ralstonia sp. strain U2, representative of the catechol and gentisate pathways, respectively. Strain CJ2 carries naphthalene catabolic genes that are homologous to those in Ralstonia sp. strain U2. Here we show that strain CJ2 metabolizes naphthalene via gentisate using respirometry, metabolite detection by GC-MS and cell-free enzyme assays. Unlike P. putida NCIB 9816-4 or Ralstonia sp. strain U2, strain CJ2 did not grow in minimal medium saturated with naphthalene. Growth assays revealed that strain CJ2 is inhibited by naphthalene concentrations of 78 microM (10 p.p.m.) and higher, and the inhibition of growth is accompanied by the accumulation of orange-coloured, putative naphthalene metabolites in the culture medium. Loss of cell viability coincided with the appearance of the coloured metabolites, and analysis by HPLC suggested that the accumulated metabolites were 1,2-naphthoquinone and its unstable auto-oxidation products. The naphthoquinone breakdown products accumulated in inhibited, but not uninhibited, cultures of strain CJ2. Furthermore, naphthalene itself was shown to directly inhibit growth of a regulatory mutant of strain CJ2 that is unable to metabolize naphthalene. These results suggest that, despite being able to use naphthalene as a carbon and energy source, strain CJ2 must balance naphthalene utilization against two types of toxicity.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Comamonadaceae', 'Culture Media', 'Dioxygenases', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Gentisates', 'Mutation', 'Naphthalenes', 'Naphthoquinones', 'Oxygen Consumption']
| 17,975,081
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B03.440.400.425.293', 'B03.660.075.090.766'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D08.811.682.690.416'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.405', 'D02.241.511.390.595.405', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.405', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.405'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638', 'D04.615.638'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.721', 'D02.806.550', 'D04.615.638.721'], ['G03.680']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The 5'-proximal hairpin of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA: its role in translation and encapsidation.
|
The RNA genome of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) consists of more than 6,000 nucleotides. During a study of the roles of the two hairpins located in its 90-nucleotide 5' untranslated region, it was observed that stabilization of the 5'-proximal hairpin leads to a delay in the development of symptoms on plants. This delay in symptom development for both locally and systemically infected leaves was found to be dependent on a change in the free energy of the hairpin caused by introduced mutations. A protoplast transfection assay revealed that the accumulation of plus-strand full-length RNA and subgenomic RNA, as well as protein expression levels, was affected by hairpin stability. Stabilization of this hairpin inhibited translation. A model is proposed in which a destabilized 5'-proximal hairpin allows maximal translation of the viral proteins. It is suggested that this hairpin may exist in close proximity to the 5' cap as long as its stability is low enough to enable translation. However, at an acidic pH, the hairpin structure becomes more stable and is functionally transformed into the initiation signal for viral packaging. Slightly acidic conditions can be found in chloroplasts, where TYMV assembly is driven by a low pH generated by active photosynthesis.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Capsid', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Transfection', 'Tymovirus']
| 12,805,444
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['B04.715.464.750', 'B04.715.850.860', 'B04.820.578.984.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The common variant N372H in BRCA2 gene may be associated with idiopathic male infertility with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.
|
OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible association between the common single nucleotide polymorphism N372H in human breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) and the idiopathic male infertility with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.STUDY DESIGN: The study included 240 infertile patients with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 250 fathered controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of the polymorphism N372H in BRCA2 gene were investigated in both patients and controls using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography analysis (DHPLC).RESULTS: The frequency of allele H of the polymorphism N372H in patients was significantly higher than that of the controls (23.5% versus 17.6%, OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-1.97, P = 0.02) and the subjects bearing rare allele H (NH + HH) significantly increased in patients compared with controls (41.7% versus 32.4%, 95% CI 1.03-2.15, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that the polymorphism N372H in BRCA2 gene may be associated with idiopathic male infertility with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genes, BRCA2', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Oligospermia', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 16,257,105
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['G05.330'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.105', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.105'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['C12.294.365.700.508'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dental caries in HIV-infected children versus household peers: two-year findings.
|
PURPOSE: This report will present a two-year comparison of the incidence and baseline prevalence of dental caries found in both the primary and permanent dentition among a cohort of HIV-infected children as compared to household peer control subjects who were not HIV-infected.METHODS: The subjects in this report were from an initial cohort of 171 children (104 HIV positive and 67 HIV negative), who were participants in the Children's Hospital AIDS Program in Newark, New Jersey, from 1993-1995. This two year analysis reports the findings on the children who completed baseline through Year 02 examinations (N = 121), aged 2-15 years old (68 HIV positive, 53 HIV negative).RESULTS: While the DMFS incidence at Year 02 among the 6-11 year old control subjects was 17% higher than that of the HIV-infected cases (2.1 vs. 1.8, respectively) this same incidence was eight-fold higher for the control subjects among the 12-15 year olds (e.g., 8.1 vs. 1.0, respectively). The mean cumulative dmfs score to date for HIV-infected cases was higher than for the control subjects for both the 2-5 year olds and the 6-11 year olds, (11.0 vs. 7.0) and (10.0 vs. 4.0, P = .02), respectively. In all three age groups, HIV-infected cases had a greater number of primary teeth and fewer number of permanent teeth than the control subjects (P < .01).CONCLUSION: Given that HIV-infected cases had lower DMFS scores and higher dmfs scores than their household peer controls, the fewer mean number of permanent teeth among the HIV-infected cases suggests that this delayed tooth eruption pattern in permanent teeth contributed to the lower DMFS scores seen in the HIV-infected cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DMF Index', 'Dental Caries', 'Dentition, Permanent', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'New Jersey', 'Peer Group', 'Prevalence', 'Tooth Eruption', 'Tooth, Deciduous']
| 10,846,731
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.350', 'E06.208.266', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.340', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.350', 'N06.890.160.100'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['A14.549.167.237'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.500.525'], ['F01.829.316.483'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['G10.549.810'], ['A14.549.167.860.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A study on the sizes and concentrations of gold nanoparticles by spectra of absorption, resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non-linear scattering.
|
Liquid phase gold nanoparticles with different diameters and colors can be prepared using sodium citrate reduction method by controlling the amounts of sodium citrate. The mean diameters of gold nanoparticles are measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Gold nanoparticles with different sizes have specific absorption spectra. When the diameters of nanoparticles is between 12 and 41 nm, the maximum absorption peaks locate at 520-530 nm and there are red shifts gradually with the increase of diameters of gold nanoparticles. And when the size of gold nanoparticle is constant, the absorbance is proportional to the concentration of gold. Obvious resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and the resonance non-linear scattering such as second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency-doubling scattering (FDS) appear at the same time as well, and the maximum scattering peaks are located at 286 nm (RRS), 480 nm (SOS) and 310 nm (FDS), respectively. When the concentration of gold is constant, absorbance and the intensities of RRS, SOS and FDS (I(RRS), I(SOS) and I(FDS)) have linear relationships with the diameters of gold nanoparticles. When the diameter of gold nanoparticle is constant, the absorbance and I(RRS), I(SOS), I(FDS) are directly proportional to the concentrations of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, it is very useful for studying the liquid phase gold nanoparticles by investigating the absorption, RRS, SOS and FDS spectra.
|
['Color', 'Gold', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Nanostructures', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 16,165,025
|
[['G01.590.540.199'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.580', 'E05.595.402.580'], ['J01.637.512'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inostamycin, an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein function, interacts specifically with phosphatidylethanolamine.
|
The mechanism of inostamycin action was further studied. When multidrug-resistant KB-C4 cells were preincubated with inostamycin for 30 min, the accumulation of [3H]vinblastine was increased for as long as 48 h thereafter. Inostamycin inhibited azidopine binding to P-glycoprotein, even after KB plasma membranes had been preincubated with inostamycin and washed. Carbon 14-labeled inostamycin bound to KB plasma membranes irreversibly, but the binding capacity did not parallel the amount of P-glycoprotein in three KB cell lines. Inostamycin was found to interact specifically with purified phosphatidylethanolamine. These results suggest that inostamycin can inhibit P-glycoprotein irreversibly by binding to plasma membranes irreversibly through phosphatidylethanolamine.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Azides', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Cell Membrane', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Furans', 'Humans', 'KB Cells', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tritium', 'Vinblastine']
| 7,591,966
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.248.179'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D03.383.725.203'], ['D03.383.312'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.210.190.400.500', 'A11.251.860.180.400.500', 'A11.436.340.500'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.650', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of tamoxifen on potential doubling time of human breast cancer cell line determined by image cytometry of double fluorescent BrdU and DNA labeling.
|
Tamoxifen is extensively used for the treatment of human breast cancer. However, the mechanisms by which antiestrogens regulate the growth of estrogen receptor positive tumors have not been totally defined. A new methodology, using automated image analysis BIOCOM 500, was developed for determining potential doubling time (Tpot) of tumors. This new method was checked on three different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, CAL 85-1, CAL 148) in comparison with flow cytometry and then applied to determine the effects of short-term tamoxifen treatment on Tpot of MCF-7 cells. Using the resulting bivariate contour plot of blue fluorescence (DNA content) versus green fluorescence (Bromodeoxyuridine content), a labeling index (LI) value of 0.39 +/- 0.05 and a Tpot value of 21 +/- 2.09 hours were determined for MCF-7 cells. As expected, data demonstrated that 72 hours of 1 microM tamoxifen treatment decreased the LI to 35% by increasing the proportion of G0/G1 cells. It increased the Tpot to 35% compared to untreated cells (Tpot = 31.8 + 4 hours) by a lengthening of G0/G1 phase without changing the length of S phase (Ts = 10.2 +/- 1 hours). At suprapharmacological concentrations (5, 10 microM), an approximately 50% increase in Tpot was observed without modification in Ts. These data suggested a specific cell cycle action of tamoxifen which was probably mediated by mechanisms other than estrogen inhibition, since these experiments were performed in estrogen-deprived medium. In addition, the automated imaging procedure appears to provide a rapid and quantitative approach to determine Tpot in fine needle biopsies which is useful for investigating alterations in cell growth after endocrine treatment or chemotherapy.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Division', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Tamoxifen', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 7,531,416
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.150.700.900'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Is bad living better than good death? Impact of demographic and cultural factors on health state preference.
|
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of demographic and cultural factors on health preferences among Chinese general population.METHODS: The Chinese EQ-5D-5L valuation study was conducted between December 2012 and January 2013. A total of 1296 participants were recruited from the general public at Beijing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Nanjing, and Shenyang. Each participant was interviewed to measure preferences for ten EQ-5D-5L health states using composite time trade-off and seven pairs of states using discrete choice experiment (data were not included in this study). At the end of the interview, each participant was also asked to provide their demographic information and answers to two questions about their attitudes towards whether bad living is better than good death (LBD) and whether they believe in an afterlife. Generalized linear model and random effects logistic models were used to examine the impact of demographic and cultural factors on health preferences.RESULTS: Participants who had serious illness experience received college or higher education, or agree with LBD were more likely to value health states positively and have a narrower score range. Participants at Beijing were more likely to be non-traders, value health states positively, less likely to reach the lowest possible score, and have narrower score range compared with all other four cities after controlling for all other demographic and culture factors.CONCLUSIONS: Health state preference is significantly affected by factors beyond demographics. These factors should be considered in achieving a representative sample in valuation studies in China.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Beijing', 'Buddhism', 'China', 'Choice Behavior', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Preference', 'Quality of Life', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Religious Philosophies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 26,346,987
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164.225', 'Z01.433.114'], ['K01.844.117'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F02.463.785.373.346'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.100.150.750.625.500', 'F01.145.488.887.625.500', 'N04.452.822.700.500', 'N05.300.150.800.625.500'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['K01.844.799'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Regulation of cell division cycle progression by bcl-2 expression: a potential mechanism for inhibition of programmed cell death.
|
Expression of the bcl-2 gene has been shown to effectively confer resistance to programmed cell death under a variety of circumstances. However, despite a wealth of literature describing this phenomenon, very little is known about the mechanism of resistance. In the experiments described here, we show that bcl-2 gene expression can result in an inhibition of cell division cycle progression. These findings are based upon the analysis of cell cycle distribution, cell cycle kinetics, and relative phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, using primary tissues in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, as well as continuous cell lines. The effects of bcl-2 expression on cell cycle progression appear to be focused at the G1 to S phase transition, which is a critical control point in the decision between continued cell cycle progression or the induction programmed cell death. In all systems tested, bcl-2 expression resulted in a substantial 30-60% increase in the length of G1 phase; such an increase is very substantial in the context of other regulators of cell cycle progression. Based upon our findings, and the related findings of others, we propose a mechanism by which bcl-2 expression might exert its well known inhibition of programmed cell death by regulating the kinetics of cell cycle progression at a critical control point.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'DNA', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Retinoblastoma Protein', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 8,642,331
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.281'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.297'], ['G07.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.776.260.704', 'D12.776.624.776.745', 'D12.776.660.807', 'D12.776.744.770'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter national study.
|
BACKGROUND: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized in developing countries; however, the incidence and trend over time have not been reported.METHODS: This retrospective study included children diagnosed with IBD in gastroenterology centers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2003 and 2012. The date of birth, date and age at diagnosis, gender, and final diagnosis were collected on special forms. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, endoscopy, and histopathology results were reviewed to confirm the final diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to compare ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in different age groups, and significance was assessed by the chi-square test. Incidence rates and trend over time were analyzed with the assumption of Poisson distribution. The incidence rate over time was compared in 2 periods (2003-2007 and 2008-2012). A P value of <0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the significance and precision of the estimates.RESULTS: A total of 340 Saudi Arabian children aged 0 to 14 years were diagnosed. The mean incidence rate per 100,000 individuals was 0.2, 0.27, and 0.47 for ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and IBD, respectively. Except for the 0- to 4-year age group, there was a significant increase in incidence over time.CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of pediatric IBD in Saudi Arabian children is lower than suggested in the Western literature, there is a significantly increasing trend over time. However, decreased trend in the younger age group over time is identified. Prospective studies will be important to identify the risk factors for IBD in different age groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colitis, Ulcerative', 'Crohn Disease', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Poisson Distribution', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Saudi Arabia']
| 24,788,219
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C06.405.205.265.231', 'C06.405.205.731.249', 'C06.405.469.158.188.231', 'C06.405.469.432.249'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.740.994.750', 'G17.820.750', 'N05.715.360.750.750.620', 'N06.850.520.830.994.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.245.500.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Mercuric salt-catalyzed removal of unsaturated glucuronic acid from chondroitinase-treated proteochondroitin sulfate.
|
Aggrecan (PG) was isolated from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma and the chondroitin 4-sulfate removed with chondroitinase ABC (ABC) or ACII (AC), leaving a 4-deoxy-beta-d-gluc-4-enuronosyl (DeltaGlcA) residue on the nonreducing terminus of the attached chondroitin sulfate chains. Mercuric acetate (as low as 5 mm) removed the DeltaGlcA from the PG-ABC within 10 min at 25 degrees C at pH 5.0, and the rate was pH independent between pH 3.0 and 5.0. The reaction was readily monitored by following the loss of reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies specific for 4-sulfated and nonsulfated unsaturated disaccharides in ELISA. After mercury treatment, there was a loss of carbazole-positive material and a decrease in the size of the linkage region oligosaccharides consistent with DeltaGlcA being removed. Aside from the loss of DeltaGlcA, neutral sugar composition and sialic acid content remained unchanged. After electrophoresis in a 4% polyacrylamide gel, Hg-treated PG-ABC and PG-AC migrated as single major bands, but with reduced mobilities, which is consistent with a loss of charge. There was a loss of reactivity to specific monoclonal antibodies. Treated aggrecan did not bind hyaluronic acid. This loss was not completely prevented by being present in a complex with link protein and hyaluronic acid. However, link protein could partially restore the hyaluronic acid interaction, so the effect of mercuric acetate on biological function will have to be assessed on an individual basis. Treatment with mercuric acetate is an effective, rapid, reproducible way of removing DeltaGlcA from both chondroitinase ABC and ACII-digested proteoglycan.
|
['Aggrecans', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Glucuronates', 'Glucuronic Acid', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Mercury', 'Proteoglycans', 'Rats']
| 9,028,874
|
[['D09.698.735.200.500', 'D12.776.395.650.750.687.100', 'D12.776.503.280.437.100', 'D12.776.860.300.140'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D09.698.735.200', 'D12.776.395.650.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.827.180', 'D08.811.520.241.700.350'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162', 'D02.241.152.811.162', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162', 'D09.811.922.162'], ['D02.241.081.844.915.162.249', 'D02.241.152.811.162.500', 'D02.241.511.902.915.162.500', 'D09.811.922.162.500'], ['G02.300'], ['D12.776.503.280'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Auto-antibodies against oxidized LDL as a marker of coronary artery disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
|
Auto-antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study investigates the value of auto-antibodies to ox-LDL as a predictive marker of atherosclerosis in patients with both homozygous and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), who are known to suffer from severe premature atherosclerosis. The influences of well-established risk factors for atherosclerosis such as age, LDL-cholesterol levels and smoking on the results were also determined. Auto-antibody titres to ox-LDL and fasting lipid profiles were measured in 26 homozygous FH patients, 20 heterozygous FH patients without documented coronary artery disease (CAD), 24 heterozygotes with overt CAD and 10 healthy normocholesterolaemic controls. Carotid intima media thickness, used as an in vivo assessment of atherosclerosis, was also measured in the homozygous FH patients. Ox-LDL titres did not differ between the groups. There was also no association between ox-LDL titres and the LDL-cholesterol level (P=0.14), presence or absence of CAD (P=0.69), age (P=0.50), carotid intima-media thickness (P=0.51) or smoking (P=1.0). In conclusion, antibody titres against ox-LDL cannot be used as a predictive marker of the presence or severity of atherosclerosis in patients with FH.
|
['Adult', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Coronary Disease', 'Female', 'Heterozygote', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors']
| 10,735,360
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.101'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['G05.380.383'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.481', 'C18.452.584.500.500.644.475', 'C18.452.648.398.481'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Designing Pd-on-Au bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts for trichloroethene hydrodechlorination.
|
Alumina-supported palladium (Pd) catalysts have previously been shown to hydrodechlorinate trichloroethene (TCE) and other chlorinated compounds in water, at room temperature, and in the presence of hydrogen. The feasibility of this catalytic technology to remediate groundwater of halogenated compounds can be improved by re-designing the Pd material in order to increase catalytic activity. We synthesized and characterized Pd supported on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of different Pd loadings. In all cases, we found that these catalysts were considerably more active than Pd NPs, alumina-supported Pd, ard Pd-black (62.0, 12.2, and 0.42 L x g(Pd)(-1) x min(-1), respectively). There is a synergistic effect of the Pd-on-Au bimetallic structure, with the material with the highest TCE hydrodechlorination activity (943 L x g(Pd)(-1) x min(-1)) comprised of Au NPs partially covered by Pd metal. The Pd-on-Au bimetallic catalyst structure provides a new synthesis approach in improving the catalytic properties of monometallic Pd materials. The resulting nanoparticle-based materials should be highly suitable as hydrodehalogenation and reduction catalysts for the remediation of various organic and inorganic groundwater contaminants.
|
['Catalysis', 'Chlorine', 'Nanostructures', 'Palladium', 'Silver', 'Soil Pollutants', 'Solvents', 'Trichloroethylene', 'Water Pollutants']
| 15,787,376
|
[['G02.130'], ['D01.268.380.150', 'D01.362.225'], ['J01.637.512'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['D27.888.284.756'], ['D27.720.844'], ['D02.455.526.439.939'], ['D27.888.284.903']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The mechanism of two-phase motility in the spirochete Leptospira
|
Many species of bacteria are motile, but their migration mechanisms are considerably diverse. Whatever mechanism is used, being motile allows bacteria to search for more optimal environments for growth, and motility is a crucial virulence factor for pathogenic species. The spirochete Leptospira, having two flagella in the periplasmic space, swims in liquid but has also been previously shown to crawl over solid surfaces. The present motility assays show that the spirochete movements both in liquid and on surfaces involve a rotation of the helical cell body. Direct observations of cell-surface movement with amino-specific fluorescent dye and antibody-coated microbeads suggest that the spirochete attaches to the surface via mobile, adhesive outer membrane components, and the cell body rotation propels the cell relative to the anchoring points. Our results provide models of how the spirochete switches its motility mode from swimming to crawling.
|
['Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Cell Membrane', 'Leptospiraceae', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence']
| 29,854,948
|
[['G06.099'], ['A11.284.149'], ['B03.440.400.425.475', 'B03.851.475'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Performance of police first responders in utilizing automated external defibrillation on victims of sudden cardiac arrest.
|
OBJECTIVE: Rates of resuscitation from cardiac arrest are directly tied to time to defibrillation. To maximize results, the first arriving care provider should be equipped and trained to defibrillate. This would include police in those systems where they serve this function; to date, no training program has been examined for effectiveness in this group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a training program designed to train police first responders in the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).METHODS: One hundred seventy police officers previously trained to the level of first responders underwent a four-hour course to teach incorporation of the AED in their practice. The evaluation of police performance was assessed by written tests prior to, immediately after, and six months post initial training. Actual field use was evaluated by using separate data collection forms filled out at the time of the resuscitation by both police and EMS providers. Each trip sheet was also reviewed. Cassette tapes from the AED were reviewed for continuous ECG tracings and audio recordings to validate and confirm the previous data.RESULTS: One hundred twenty-eight police cases were reviewed. The officers performed with few errors in AED operation, with the only problem areas being incorrect airway management and delay in performance of CPR to use the AED to reanalyze a nonshockable rhythm. These results were compared with those of the only two other studies examining the performance of first responders, which were EMTs and firefighters. The police results compared favorably with, and in some instances exceeded, those results.CONCLUSION: Police first responders trained in the use of AEDs performed at a level equivalent or superior to that in other reported studies. Future training strategies should stress proper integration of airway and CPR skills.
|
['Automation', 'Clinical Competence', 'Documentation', 'Electric Countershock', 'Emergency Treatment', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Pennsylvania', 'Police', 'Program Evaluation']
| 9,709,327
|
[['J01.897.104'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['L01.453.245'], ['E02.331.350'], ['E02.365'], ['C14.280.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['M01.526.373.750', 'M01.526.760'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Detection of group B streptococcus in the cases died of neonatal pneumonia].
|
OBJECTIVE: From the 1970s, group B streptococci (GBS) have been widely recognized as an important pathogen in neonatal infectious disease, and it emerged as the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the Western world. However, there are few data on the prevalence of neonatal GBS infections in China. The aim of this retrospective study was to estimate whether GBS is an important pathogen in severe neonatal pneumonia, and to develop a method for detection of GBS infections in fatal neonatal pneumonia.METHODS: A total of 234 neonatal cases (0 - 28 days) died in Beijing Children's Hospital from 1953 to 2004 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups. Two hundred cases diagnosed as neonatal pneumonia were assigned to study group and the remaining 34 cases died of neonatal hemolysis or surgical operation without any confirmed infectious diseases were designated as control group. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues were used as source for total genomic DNA extraction. PCR and Southern blot analyses were applied to detect GBS specific cfb gene target sequence. And the clinical data of these cases were reviewed as well.RESULTS: In the study group, 52 cases were detected positive for GBS DNA by PCR (26%), 130 cases were positive by Southern blot (65%). In the control group, 1 case was detected positive GBS DNA by PCR (3%), and 6 cases were positive by Southern blot (18%). The positive rate was significantly lower in the control group than that in the study group (PCR, chi(2) = 8.82, P < 0.01; Southern blot, chi(2) = 26.77, P < 0.01). The positive rate in the neonates younger than 7 days (early-onset) was significantly higher than that in neonates older than 7 days (late-onset) (PCR: 37% vs. 13%, chi(2) = 15.537, P < 0.01; Southern blot: 72% vs. 52%, chi(2) = 4.37, P < 0.05). In the positive early-onset cases, 39% of whom were born prematurely (29/74). Out of the 200 cases, 75 had complete clinical data. Neither blood nor lung culture for GBS was performed in any of these cases. But risk factors were identified for 35 cases, such as premature delivery, low birth weight, premature rupture of the membrane and abnormal amniotic fluid. GBS was positive in all these cases. Severe apnea appeared to be a common symptom and was present in most of the early-onset GBS-positive cases, while cough and wheezing were found in most of the late-onset GBS-positive cases. In the control group, one PCR positive case was suffered from malignant teratoma. The other 5 positive cases confirmed by Southern blot were diagnosed as kernicterus, hepatoma, aproctia complicating with cysti-urethral fistula, neonatal physio logical bleeding and aproctia complicated with archo-perineal fistula.CONCLUSION: Group B Streptococcus is an important pathogen in fatal neonatal pneumonia, especially in early-onset cases. southern blot may be a sensitive method to detect GBS infection in archival tissues. In the clinical work, more attention should be paid to the neonates with GBS risk factors. And GBS detection and prevention in neonates should be put into clinical practice.
|
['China', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Pneumonia, Staphylococcal', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Streptococcus agalactiae']
| 17,274,877
|
[['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C01.150.252.410.868.675', 'C01.150.252.620.620', 'C01.748.610.540.620', 'C08.381.677.540.620', 'C08.730.610.540.620'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.100', 'B03.510.400.800.872.100', 'B03.510.550.737.872.100']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of a rod domain-truncated isoform of nestin, Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄, in rat dorsal root ganglia.
|
Nestin, a type VI intermediate filament (IF) protein, is predominantly expressed in neurogenic and myogenic stem cells. We previously identified the first isoform of nestin, Nes-S, in rat DRG neurons. In this study, we report a previously unidentified nestin isoform, Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄, that is expressed in lower levels in DRG neurons of adult rats. The 29-kD Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄ is identical to Nes-S, except that an additional region is removed in its rod domain. Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄ is assembly compromised and forms aggregates. Unlike nestin and Nes-S, Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄ does not exert cytoprotective effect. Furthermore, elevated caspase-3 activation was observed in HEK293T cells expressing the EGFP-Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄ protein. Taken together, Nes-SÄ₁₀₇₋₂₅₄ is a rod domain-truncated isoform of nestin that is susceptible to form cytotoxic aggregates.
|
['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Humans', 'Nestin', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Rats', 'Transfection']
| 23,994,057
|
[['G02.111.760.700.100', 'G03.839.700.100', 'G05.308.700.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.340.390.340', 'A08.800.350.340', 'A08.800.800.720.725.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D05.750.078.593.540', 'D12.776.220.475.540', 'D12.776.631.607'], ['D12.776.800'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survey of urine from transplant recipients for polyomaviruses JC and BK using the polymerase chain reaction.
|
Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we examined 108 urine specimens from 39 post transplant patients for polyomaviruses JC (JCV) and BK (BKV). Urine sediments were collected and subjected to 30 cycles of amplification. PCR products were resolved by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to nylon membranes by Southern blot, and hybridized with radiolabelled probes. Polyomavirus DNA was found in urine specimens from 17 out of 39 patients (44%). Both viruses were detected in specimens from nine patients, JCV alone in five, and BKV alone in three. In comparison, polyomavirus was detected in only five of 22 PCR positive specimens by shell vial cell culture assay. Our results show a high prevalence of polyomavirus shedding after transplantation and suggest a higher rate of JC viruria than previously reported.
|
['DNA, Viral', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Organ Transplantation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polyomavirus', 'Tumor Virus Infections']
| 1,649,395
|
[['D13.444.308.568'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['E04.936.450'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['B04.280.210.700.615', 'B04.613.204.670.615'], ['C01.925.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Influence of HLA and KIR Genes on Malignant Melanoma Development and Progression.
|
Many studies have described the role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands in the immune protection against melanoma, but the effect of these markers on intra-individual variations in tumor development and progression has remained less clear. We performed KIR, HLA, and KIR/ligand analysis in 283 patients with malignant melanoma in order to evaluate their integrated influence on disease stage and progression. The patients were grouped according to AJCC staging, histological type of the primary tumor, progression, and survival rate. Analysis of HLA class I alleles revealed positive association of HLA-C*14 (Pc = 0.026, OR = 5.99) and negative association of HLA-C*02 (Pc = 0.026, OR = 0.43) with the disease. Decreased frequency of KIR2DS5 was observed in patients with rapid progression, as compared to those with slow progression. KIR BB genotype was prevalent in patients with metastasis (p = 0.004, OR = 0.025). KIR AA genotype was nearly twice as frequent in rapidly progressive cases, but without statistical relevance (p = 0.055, OR = 2.6). Significantly increased frequency of KIR2DL2 in the presence of C1 ligand (strong inhibition) was found in patients with AJCC III and IV, as compared to individuals with AJCC I stage (p = 0.045, OR = 1.93). In summary, our data imply that KIR/ligand gene content in patients could modulate the disease course towards unfavorable tumor behavior.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alleles', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'HLA Antigens', 'HLA-A3 Antigen', 'HLA-C Antigens', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptors, KIR', 'Receptors, KIR2DL3', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,083,606
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G05.308.370'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['D23.050.301.500.450', 'D23.050.705.552.450'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.400.030', 'D12.776.543.550.439.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.100.400.030', 'D23.050.301.500.450.370.030', 'D23.050.705.552.100.400.030', 'D23.050.705.552.450.370.376'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.600', 'D12.776.543.550.439.600', 'D23.050.301.500.100.600', 'D23.050.301.500.450.390', 'D23.050.705.552.100.600', 'D23.050.705.552.450.390'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.537', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.537', 'A15.382.490.555.567.537'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.500'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.895.500.437'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Using the ecological framework to identify barriers and enablers to implementing Namaste Care in Canada's long-term care system.
|
BACKGROUND: Higher acuity of care at the time of admission to long-term care (LTC) is resulting in a shorter period to time of death, yet most LTC homes in Canada do not have formalized approaches to palliative care. Namaste Care is a palliative care approach specifically tailored to persons with advanced cognitive impairment who are living in LTC. The purpose of this study was to employ the ecological framework to identify barriers and enablers to an implementation of Namaste Care.METHODS: Six group interviews were conducted with families, unlicensed staff, and licensed staff at two Canadian LTC homes that were planning to implement Namaste Care. None of the interviewees had prior experience implementing Namaste Care. The resulting qualitative data were analyzed using a template organizing approach.RESULTS: We found that the strongest implementation enablers were positive perceptions of need for the program, benefits of the program, and fit within a resident-centred or palliative approach to care. Barriers included a generally low resource base for LTC, the need to adjust highly developed routines to accommodate the program, and reliance on a casual work force.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that within the Canadian LTC system, positive perceptions of Namaste Care are tempered by concerns about organizational capacity to support new programming.
|
['Aged', 'Canada', 'Communication Barriers', 'Dementia', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Services for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Long-Term Care', 'Palliative Care']
| 28,754,046
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['L01.143.230'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['N02.421.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationship between the high-energy phosphate content and various left ventricular functional parameters of the normal and hypertrophied heart after global ischemia and reperfusion.
|
Using an isolated rat heart preparation (Langendorff perfusion, perfusion pressure 100 cm H2O) the correlation between the high-energy phosphate content and various left ventricular (lv) functional parameters of the hypertrophied heart (spontaneous hypertensive rats lv/body weight ratio 3.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(-3) was determined after normo- (30 min) and hypothermic (25 degrees C, 120 min) cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion, and compared with normal hearts (Wistar rats lv/body weight ratio 2.0 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3). St. Thomas Hospital solution was used as the cardioplegic agent. Before ischemia hypertrophied hearts had a significantly higher developed left ventricular pressure, pressure rate product and dp/dtmax, but a significantly lower ATP and total adenine nucleotide content. Irrespective of the mode and temperature of cardiac arrest there was a strong correlation both for normal and for hypertrophied hearts between the high-energy phosphate content expressed as ATP, total adenine nucleotides or the "energy charge" and the left ventricular functional parameters pressure rate product and dp/dtmax. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.80 to 0.89 and was highest when the ATP content was plotted against pressure rate product (r = 0.89). There was a different slope for normal and hypertrophied hearts with a steeper decline of the left ventricular function in hypertrophied hearts for any given reduction of the myocardial adenine nucleotide content. Our results indicate that a similar reduction of the ATP or total adenine nucleotide content in both the normal and hypertrophied heart reduces left ventricular function to a greater degree in the hypertrophied heart.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardium', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR']
| 3,388,406
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['C14.280.238.100', 'C14.280.484.048.750.070.160'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['G03.295'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antigenic conservation of H1N1 swine influenza viruses.
|
Influenza viruses of the H1N1 subtype have been continually circulating in pigs in the U.S.A. for at least 50 years. To examine the level of antigenic variation in these swine viruses, a panel of 60 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the haemagglutinin (HA) of recent swine isolates was prepared. Evaluation of neutralization escape mutants selected with these MAbs defined four antigenic sites on the HA, two of which overlap. Swine viruses isolated over 24 years in an enzootic area in Wisconsin were examined by ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) with these MAbs and the results indicated that the antigenic sites defined by these MAbs were highly conserved in these viruses. In comparing recent H1N1 viruses from pigs, turkeys, ducks and humans, changes in the antigenic sites were detected on the basis of HI reactivity. However, results of ELISA with these viruses clearly showed that the antigenic sites were still present on almost all H1N1 viruses of swine origin; thus, altered reactivity of these viruses in HI tests with MAbs was not a reflection of changes in the antigenic sites defined by the MAbs. It seems likely that the variation detected in these viruses occurs by a mechanism other than immune selection.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigenic Variation', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Ducks', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Hemagglutinins, Viral', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza A virus', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Turkeys', 'Wisconsin']
| 2,558,159
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['D23.050.327'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.050.200', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.345'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345', 'D23.050.327.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.800', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Relationship between endogenous hormonal content and somatic organogenesis in callus of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars and Prunus persica?Prunus dulcis rootstocks.
|
The relationship between endogenous hormones content and the induction of somatic peach plant was studied. To induce multiple shoots from callus derived from the base of stem explants of the scion cultivars 'UFO-3', 'Flariba' and 'Alice Bigi', and the peach?almond rootstocks 'Garnem' and 'GF677', propagated plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog salts augmented with 0.1mgL(-1) of indolebutyric acid, 1mgL(-1) of 6-benzylaminopurine and 3% sucrose. The highest regeneration rate was obtained with the peach?almond rootstocks. Endogenous levels of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR), ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) were analyzed in the organogenic callus. Lower levels of several hormones, namely Z, ZR, ABA, and ACC were found in the peach?almond rootstock compared to peach cultivars, while IAA and SA presented inconclusive returns. These results suggest that the difference in somatic organogenesis capacity observed in peach and peach?almond hybrids is markedly affected by the endogenous hormonal content of the studied genotypes.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Hybridization, Genetic', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Morphogenesis', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plant Roots', 'Plant Shoots', 'Prunus']
| 24,709,154
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.820.150.390', 'G05.090.390'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G07.345.500'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['A18.400'], ['A18.024.875'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.625']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Integrin signaling, free radicals, and tyrosine kinase mediate flow constriction in isolated cerebral arteries.
|
Isolated, cannulated, and pressurized (100 mmHg) middle cerebral arteries from adult cats were perfused intraluminally at rates from 0 to 4 ml/min with heated and gassed physiological saline solution. An electronic system held pressure constant by changing outflow resistance. The arteries constricted 18.1 +/- 0.95% in response to flow and depolarized from -54 +/- 0.51 to -40 +/- 1.26 mV (P < 0.05). Constriction was independent of a functional endothelium but was eliminated by superoxide dismutase or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Luminal perfusion with a synthetic extracellular matrix Arg-Gly-ASP (RGD) peptide that binds with integrin significantly reduced constriction to flow. Neither reducing intraluminal pressure nor increasing tone or shear stresses altered constriction to flow. Flow-induced constriction did not impede the ability of the arteries to dilate to hypercapnia, and inhibiting flow-induced constriction did not alter contractile responses to other agonists. These data suggest that, in vitro, middle cerebral arteries constrict to flow through a mechanism involving free radicals and tyrosine kinase and that flow shear stresses resulting in constriction are transduced by integrin signaling.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cats', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Integrins', 'Male', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Muscle Contraction', 'NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester', 'Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Vascular Resistance', 'Vasoconstriction']
| 10,600,845
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A07.015.114.228.550'], ['G11.427.494'], ['D12.125.068.050.525', 'D12.125.095.104.525'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.374.835'], ['D08.811.682.881'], ['G09.330.380.921'], ['G09.330.380.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measuring the quality of clinical performance with hernia and myocardial infarction patients, controlling for patient risks.
|
This article describes a method for measuring the performance of clinicians treating patients with unilateral inguinal hernia or myocardial infarction. The scoring was based upon the percentage of occasions when appropriate education was given and acute conditions resolved in accordance with clinical expectations. The method was applied to patients of general surgical and general medical firms at two London teaching hospitals in 1972 and 1975. Scores for samples of each diagnosis correlated significantly with subjective evaluations of care by clinicians. Multiple regression was used to identify and weight the patient risk factors (physiological and demographic) significantly associated with lower scores in each disease. Score of patients with these risks were adjusted upward to compensate for the difficulty of achieving good clinical results when these risks were present. Comparison of firms was based upon adjusted scores. Being older and being single, widowed or divorced were significant in both diseases. High blood pressure and anemia were also significantly associated with lower scores for hernia patients, as were the number of cigarettes smoked for infarction patients. The range of scores was wide in surgical firms in both years. While relatively narrow in the medical firms, scores suggest that there is still scope for improvement in some firms. The authors discuss a plan for using these data to arrive at score standards for each disease which could be used to screen clinical care routinely.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'London', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Recurrence', 'Risk']
| 7,218,893
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['N04.761', 'N05.715'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Trough levels and concentration time curves of cyclosporine in patients undergoing renal transplantation.
|
We determined the AUC of cyclosporine (24 hours) nonspecifically by RIA and specifically by HPLC after an oral and an intravenous dose of cyclosporine in 58 patients undergoing renal transplantation. The RIA/HPLC concentration ratio of cyclosporine changed continuously during the first 12 hours after administration. The ratio was higher after oral than after intravenous administration and varied from patient to patient. The predictive value of trough levels for the corresponding AUCs was better when trough levels were assessed 24 than 12 hours after administration. Trough levels assessed by RIA poorly predicted AUCs measured specifically by HPLC. Therefore if, in the future, therapeutic cyclosporine monitoring has to be improved, trough levels should be assessed 24 hours after the last dose by means of a specific HPLC method.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Cyclosporins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Time Factors']
| 3,275,522
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D04.345.566.235', 'D12.644.641.235'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular detection of H. pylori antibiotic-resistant genes and molecular docking analysis.
|
To explore the mutation characteristics of H. pylori resistance-related genes to antibiotics of clarithromycin (CAM), levofloxacin (LVX) and metronidazole, 23SrRNA, gyrA, gyrB, rdxA, and frxA genes were amplified and sequenced, respectively. Molecular docking study was performed to explore molecular interactions between chemotherapeutic agents and target proteins. In the CAM-resistant strains, the mutation rate in site A2143G was 74.2% (n = 23). The interactions in sites of G1949A, C1953T, and G2211T with CAM were weaker after mutation. In the LVX-resistant strains, the mutation rates in 87 (N to K/I) and 91 (D to N/Y/G) of gyrA were 28.6% (n = 16) and 12.5% (n = 7), respectively. We could infer by docking studies that N87 K/I, D91Y/G/N, D99N, and D143E mutations in GyrA protein all had weakened interaction with LVX. The mutation types of RdxA protein consisted of protein truncation caused by premature stop codons (n = 26, 33.3%), frameshift mutations (n = 8, 10.3%), FMN-binding sites (n = 16, 20.5%), and the others (n = 11, 14.1%). Docking analysis showed that some mutations in those four types of RdxA protein could reduce interaction with MNZ, and play a significant role in antibiotic resistance. What's more, we performed natural transformation with some of these mutated DNA fragments to see if they really impact susceptibility to antibiotics. Our study suggested that in addition to the reported mutation sites, H. pylori antibiotic resistance in this region may also be associated with changes in some new sites. Our study provides novel ideas and methods for the identification of H. pylori resistance-related mutations, and also clues and basis for further investigation on specific molecular mechanism.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Clarithromycin', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Levofloxacin', 'Metronidazole', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mutation']
| 31,914,672
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D02.540.576.500.992.100'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['C01.150.252.400.466'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.500.500'], ['D02.640.672.500', 'D03.383.129.308.658.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase triggers the microvascular mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
|
Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mediates oxidative stress-induced cell injury. We tested the hypothesis that PARP contributes to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage of the liver by triggering the mechanisms of microcirculatory failure. Leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell interactions as well as sinusoidal perfusion were analyzed by intravital fluorescence microscopy after lobar hepatic I/R (90 min/30 min) in C57BL/6 x 129/Sv wild-type (PARP+/+) and PARP-deficient (PARP-/-) mice. Hepatic I/R induced leukocyte/platelet-endothelial cell interactions and tissue injury in PARP+/+ mice, as indicated by impaired sinusoidal perfusion and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum activities. In PARP-/- mice, however, the postischemic increase in the numbers of rolling/adherent leukocytes and platelets was significantly lower. In addition, I/R-induced translocation of CD62P as well as mRNA expression of CD62E, CD54, and CD106 were attenuated. The degree of perfusion failure was reduced and the increase in the ALT/AST activities was lower in PARP-/- mice compared with PARP+/+ mice. We conclude that PARP contributes to hepatic microvascular injury by triggering the expression/translocation of adhesion molecules and modulating leukocyte/platelet-endothelial cell interactions.
|
['Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell Communication', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Ischemia', 'Leukocytes', 'Liver', 'Liver Circulation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Microcirculation', 'P-Selectin', 'Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reperfusion Injury']
| 12,181,167
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['G04.085'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['C23.550.513'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['A03.620'], ['G09.330.100.881.552'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.395.550.625.905', 'D12.776.503.843.775', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.775', 'D12.776.543.550.625.905', 'D23.050.301.350.700.775'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.690'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['C14.907.725', 'C23.550.767.877']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fibroblast sheets co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells improve cardiac function of infarcted hearts.
|
We have already confirmed that cell sheet transplantation can improve damaged heart function via continuous cytokine secretion. In this study, we hypothesized that cytokine-secreting cell sheets co-cultured with an endothelial cell source may be more effective for repairing ischemic myocardium. Confluent rat fibroblasts cultured on temperature-responsive culture dishes were harvested as contiguous cell sheets by temperature reduction. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were seeded on fibroblast sheets to create co-cultured cell sheets, and sandwich-like constructs were engineered by stacking of the co-cultured cell sheets. These constructs were transplanted into rat myocardial infarction models. Cardiac function and histology were assessed in four groups: the sham operation (C) group, the isolated EPC injection (E) group, the transplantation of triple-layer fibroblast sheets (F) group, and the transplantation of triple-layer sandwich-like constructs (E + F) group. Echocardiography showed significant improvement of the fractional shortening in the E + F group in comparison with the C group (0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.02). On histological examination, significantly less connective tissue formation was observed in the E, F, and E + F groups when compared to the C group (C, E, F, and E + F groups: 53 +/- 2%, 41 +/- 4%, 40 +/- 4%, and 32 +/- 7%, respectively). Additionally, increased blood vessel formation was detected in the E, F, and E + F groups compared with the C group (C, E, F, and E + F groups: 1.9% +/- 0.6%, 6.7% +/- 0.6%, 7.8% +/- 0.9%, and 10.2% +/- 2.4%, respectively). Furthermore, GFP-staining demonstrated that the newly formed blood vessels were composed of the co-cultured EPCs. Transplantation of cell sheets co-cultured with an endothelial cell source may be a new therapeutic strategy for myocardial tissue regeneration.
|
['Animals', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Doxorubicin', 'Echocardiography', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Fibroblasts', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Rats', 'Rats, Nude', 'Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 18,836,875
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E01.370.350.130.750', 'E01.370.350.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220'], ['A11.436.275'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['G09.330.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.508'], ['E02.095.147.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neural mechanisms for coping with acoustically reduced speech.
|
In spoken language, reductions of word forms occur regularly and need to be accommodated by the listener. Intriguingly, this accommodation is usually achieved without any apparent effort. The neural bases of this cognitive skill are not yet fully understood. We here presented participants with reduced words that were either preceded by a related or an unrelated visual prime and compared electric brain responses to reduced words with those to their full counterparts. In time-domain, we found a positivity between 400 and 600 ms differing between reduced and full forms. A later positivity distinguished primed and unprimed words and was modulated by reduction. In frequency-domain, alpha suppression was stronger for reduced than for full words. The time- and frequency-domain reduction effects converge towards the view that reduced words draw on attention and memory mechanisms. Our data demonstrate the importance of interactive processing of bottom-up and top-down information for the comprehension of reduced words.
|
['Acoustics', 'Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Brain', 'Comprehension', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Reaction Time', 'Speech Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 30,822,731
|
[['H01.671.031'], ['F01.058'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F02.463.593.071.875', 'G07.888.125.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
GABA influences the development of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
|
The region that becomes the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is surrounded by cells and fibers containing immunoreactive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by embryonic day 13 (E13), several days before the nucleus emerges in Nissl stains. As GABA plays many roles during neural development, we hypothesized that it influences VMH development, perhaps by providing boundary information for migrating neurons. To test this hypothesis we examined the VMH in embryonic mice in which the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A)-receptor, a receptor subunit that is normally highly expressed in this nucleus, was disrupted by gene targeting. In beta3 -/- embryos the VMH was significantly larger, and the distribution of cells containing immunoreactive estrogen receptor-alpha was expanded compared to controls. Using in vitro brain slices from wild-type C57BL/6J mice killed at E15 we found that treatment with the GABA(A) antagonist bicuculline increased the number of cells migrating per video field analyzed in the VMH. In addition, treatment with either bicuculline or the GABA(A) agonist muscimol altered the orientation of cell migration in particular regions of this nucleus. These data suggest that GABA is important for the organization of cells during VMH formation.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Chemistry', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'GABA Agonists', 'GABA Antagonists', 'GABA-A Receptor Agonists', 'GABA-A Receptor Antagonists', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Video', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 11,745,664
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.150', 'G03.185'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.200.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.200.500'], ['D27.505.519.625.240.300.500', 'D27.505.696.577.240.300.500'], ['G05.308.310'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E05.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.690', 'E05.595.690', 'J01.897.280.500.898.475', 'L01.178.820.090.898.475', 'L01.178.847.823.475'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.352.953', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.953'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of total knee arthroplasty implant position on flexion angle before implant-bone impingement.
|
We generated patient-specific computer models of total knee arthroplasty from 10 patients to compute maximum flexion angle before implant-bone impingement. Motion was simulated for 5 different femoral implant positions and 11 different tibial insert positions at 4 different tibial posterior slopes. In the neutral position, the mean maximum flexion angle was 136.3°. The range because of anatomical variation among patients was 13.0°. A combination of 2-mm posterior translation of the femoral component with a 10-mm anterior translation of the insert and a 7° posterior slope increased flexion by a mean of 14° relative to the neutral position. The rate of change in flexion angle was 0.4°/mm to 1.5°/mm with respect to implant position and 1.5°/mm increase in the posterior condylar offset.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Malalignment', 'Computer Simulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Knee Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Posterior Cruciate Ligament', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 20,870,382
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.110.110', 'E04.650.110', 'E04.680.101.110'], ['E04.555.110.110.115', 'E04.650.110.115', 'E04.680.101.110.115'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['C05.116.214'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E07.695.400.410'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.513.514.600', 'A02.835.583.512.600', 'A10.165.669.514.600'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Current and future health and economic impact of hepatitis C in Belgium.
|
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious global health problem affecting 150 million individuals worldwide. Although infection rates are decreasing, an aging population with progressing disease is expected to result in increased burden of advanced stage disease with high associated costs. This analysis describes the current and projected future economic impact of HCV sequelae in Belgium.METHODS: A previously described and validated model was populated with Belgian inputs and calibrated to project the current and future health and economic burden of HCV. Monte Carlo and sensitivity analyses were run to quantify uncertainty. All estimates exclude the cost of antiviral therapy.RESULTS: Costs associated with HCV were projected to peak in 2026 at Euro126M (Euro30M-Euro257M), while decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma costs were projected to increase until 2031 and 2034. The projected 2014-2030 cumulative cost of HCV under current conditions was Euro1,850M. Scenarios to reduce the burden of HCV could result in Euro70M-Euro400M in cumulative cost savings. Starting treatment (1,000 patients) in 2015 could result in Euro150M cost savings. The lifetime cost of HCV increases with life expectancy, with highest future costs projected among young females with early stage disease.CONCLUSIONS: The economic burden of HCV and advanced stage disease were projected to further increase. Cost reductions are possible with timely interventions aimed at minimizing the health burden of advanced stage disease.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Belgium', 'Health Care Costs', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Models, Econometric', 'Monte Carlo Method']
| 25,090,835
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['Z01.542.115'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.600.500', 'E05.599.835.890.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.500.600.500'], ['E05.318.740.525', 'L01.906.394.422', 'N05.715.360.750.540', 'N06.850.520.830.525']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A multifactor winner-take-all dynamics.
|
Perceptual systems often have to disentangle different factors from mixed observations. If each factor is represented by a set of variables, each standing for a discrete value of the factor, the factor values underlying an observation can be extracted by a winner-take-all (WTA) mechanism over the direct product of the factors. Search in the product space, however, is expensive. It is computationally attractive to work on the marginal factors. In this letter we study the dynamics of a multifactor system modeled by a number of interacting WTA dynamics, one for each factor. We give theoretical results on the stable fixed points of this system and show experimental results on invariant object recognition.
|
['Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Recognition, Psychology']
| 21,492,007
|
[['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F02.463.425.540.706']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluating an intermittent compression system for thromboembolism prophylaxis.
|
Patients undergoing orthopaedic or trauma surgery are at high risk of venous thromboembolism, which can lead to deep-vein thrombosis and other complications. However, it is well known that incidence can be greatly reduced with prophylaxis. This article reports on the trial of a new intermittent pneumatic compression device.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Attitude to Health', 'Benchmarking', 'Clinical Nursing Research', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices', 'London', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Orthopedic Procedures', 'Postoperative Care', 'Primary Prevention', 'Thromboembolism']
| 15,624,623
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['H01.770.644.145.390.234', 'H02.478.395.234', 'N04.590.233.508.613.234'], ['E05.320'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.515'], ['Z01.433.553', 'Z01.542.363.300.553'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E02.718', 'E04.555'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['N02.421.726.758', 'N06.850.780.680'], ['C14.907.355.590']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dicer1/miR-29/HMGCR axis contributes to hepatic free cholesterol accumulation in mouse non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
|
Dicer1 is an enzyme essential for microRNA (miRNA) maturation. The loss of miRNAs resulted from Dicer1 deficiency greatly contributes to the progression of many diseases, including lipid dysregulation, but its role in hepatic accumulation of free cholesterol (FC) that is critical in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains elusive. In this study, we used the liver-specific Dicer1-knockout mice to identify the miRNAs involved in hepatic FC accumulation. In a widely used dietary NASH model, mice were fed a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 3 weeks, which resulted in significant increase in hepatic FC levels as well as decrease of Dicer1 mRNA levels in livers. The liver-specific Dicer1-knockout induced hepatic FC accumulation at 5-6 weeks, accompanied by increased mRNA and protein levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis in livers. Eleven predicted miRNAs were screened, revealing that miR-29a/b/c significantly suppressed HMGCR expression by targeting the HMGCR mRNA 3'-UTR. Overexpression of miR-29a in SMMC-7721 cells, a steatosis hepatic cell model, significantly decreased HMGCR expression and the FC level. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-29a were inversely correlated with HMGCR expression levels in the MCD diet mouse model in vivo and in 2 steatosis hepatic cell models (SMMC-7721 and HL-7702 cells) in vitro. Our results show that Dicer1/miR-29/HMGCR axis contributes to hepatic free cholesterol accumulation in mouse NASH, and miR-29 may serve as an important regulator of hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, miR-29a could be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as for other liver diseases associated with FC accumulation.
|
['Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'DEAD-box RNA Helicases', 'Diet', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases', 'Male', 'Methionine', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Ribonuclease III']
| 28,112,179
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720.249'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.150.415'], ['D02.886.030.676', 'D12.125.142.557', 'D12.125.154.549', 'D12.125.166.676'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['C06.552.241.519'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D08.811.277.352.700.350.707']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estimating the Hospital Burden of Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis in England and Its Opportunity Costs for Nonadmitted Patients.
|
Background: Norovirus places a substantial burden on healthcare systems, arising from infected patients, disease outbreaks, beds kept unoccupied for infection control, and staff absences due to infection. In settings with high rates of bed occupancy, opportunity costs arise from patients who cannot be admitted due to beds being unavailable. With several treatments and vaccines against norovirus in development, quantifying the expected economic burden is timely.Methods: The number of inpatients with norovirus-associated gastroenteritis in England was modeled using infectious and noninfectious gastrointestinal Hospital Episode Statistics codes and laboratory reports of gastrointestinal pathogens collected at Public Health England. The excess length of stay from norovirus was estimated with a multistate model and local outbreak data. Unoccupied bed-days and staff absences were estimated from national outbreak surveillance. The burden was valued conventionally using accounting expenditures and wages, which we contrasted to the opportunity costs from forgone patients using a novel methodology.Results: Between July 2013 and June 2016, 17.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.6%‒21.6%) of primary and 23.8% (95% CI, 20.6%‒29.9%) of secondary gastrointestinal diagnoses were norovirus attributable. Annually, the estimated median 290000 (interquartile range, 282000‒297000) occupied and unoccupied bed-days used for norovirus displaced 57800 patients. Conventional costs for the National Health Service reached £107.6 million; the economic burden approximated to £297.7 million and a loss of 6300 quality-adjusted life-years annually.Conclusions: In England, norovirus is now the second-largest contributor of the gastrointestinal hospital burden. With the projected impact being greater than previously estimated, improved capture of relevant opportunity costs seems imperative for diseases such as norovirus.
|
['Absenteeism', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caliciviridae Infections', 'Cost of Illness', 'Cross Infection', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'England', 'Female', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Infection Control', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norovirus']
| 29,529,135
|
[['F02.784.692.107'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C01.925.782.160'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['N06.850.290'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['C06.405.205'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.780.200.450'], ['M01.643.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B04.820.578.298.550']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hung out to dry: choice of priority ecoregions for conserving threatened neotropical anurans depends on life-history traits.
|
BACKGROUND: In the Neotropics, nearly 35% of amphibian species are threatened by habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat split; anuran species with different developmental modes respond to habitat disturbance in different ways. This entails broad-scale strategies for conserving biodiversity and advocates for the identification of high conservation-value regions that are significant in a global or continental context and that could underpin more detailed conservation assessments towards such areas.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identified key ecoregion sets for anuran conservation using an algorithm that favors complementarity (beta-diversity) among ecoregions. Using the WWF's Wildfinder database, which encompasses 700 threatened anuran species in 119 Neotropical ecoregions, we separated species into those with aquatic larvae (AL) or terrestrial development (TD), as this life-history trait affects their response to habitat disturbance. The conservation target of 100% of species representation was attained with a set of 66 ecoregions. Among these, 30 were classified as priority both for species with AL and TD, 26 were priority exclusively for species with AL, and 10 for species with TD only. Priority ecoregions for both developmental modes are concentrated in the Andes and in Mesoamerica. Ecoregions important for conserving species with AL are widely distributed across the Neotropics. When anuran life histories were ignored, species with AL were always underrepresented in priority sets.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The inclusion of anuran developmental modes in prioritization analyses resulted in more comprehensive coverage of priority ecoregions-especially those essential for species that require an aquatic habitat for their reproduction-when compared to usual analyses that do not consider this life-history trait. This is the first appraisal of the most important regions for conservation of threatened Neotropical anurans. It is also a first endeavor including anuran life-history traits in priority area-selection for conservation, with a clear gain in comprehensiveness of the selection process.
|
['Animal Migration', 'Animals', 'Anura', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Environment', 'Extinction, Biological', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Population Density', 'Population Dynamics']
| 18,461,175
|
[['F01.145.113.069.500'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['G16.510'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['N01.224.600', 'N06.850.505.400.600'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Genetic characterization of an alloalbumin, albumin Kashmir, using gene amplification and allele-specific oligonucleotides.
|
The molecular basis for albumin Kashmir was studied using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify a DNA fragment containing codon 501 in exon 12 of the human albumin gene. Southern blots of the amplified DNA were hybridized to oligonucleotide probes specific either for the normal allele of albumin or for albumin Kashmir. The results provide strong evidence that codon 501 in albumin Kashmir is AAG (lysine) instead of GAG (glutamic acid), thus confirming the protein sequences reported. This approach was used to characterize a bisalbuminaemic individual as a carrier for albumin Kashmir. Similar strategies may be devised to study the molecular basis and to identify carriers of other alloalbumins.
|
['Albumins', 'Alleles', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Oligonucleotide Probes', 'Pedigree', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 2,317,208
|
[['D12.776.034'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D13.444.600.601', 'D27.505.259.750.600.650', 'D27.720.470.530.600.650'], ['E05.393.673'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Energetic stress in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces apoptosis of human fibroblasts (WI-38) in vitro: reduced responsiveness of senescent cells.
|
The NaCl content of the culture medium of human fibroblasts (WI-38) was elevated from 0.12 M to 0.23 M. Previously it had been shown that exposure of fibroblasts to such high NaCl conditions resulted in a rise of both glycolysis and respiration ("energetic stress"), mainly due to increased demands of energy for active ion transport ("sodium pump"). While "young" (Phase II) and "senescent" (Phase III) cells did not show a significant increase of apoptosis over the basal rate (ca. 4%) under treatment with either a high-NaCl medium or TNF-alpha (10 nM) alone, combined treatment resulted in a strong increase in Phase II cells and a significantly lesser rise in the case of "senescent" Phase III cells. We conclude, therefore, that energetic stress stimulates sensitivity to apoptosis by (in the presence of) TNF-alpha, especially pronounced in potentially replicating "young" as compared with irreversible postmitotic ("senescent") fibroblasts. Possible causes of this differential responsiveness and implications for the in vivo situation (in the organism) were discussed.
|
['Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cellular Senescence', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Water-Electrolyte Balance']
| 11,828,880
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.043'], ['G03.295'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['G02.111.635.500', 'G03.615.500', 'G07.410.810.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Mutagenic effects of asbestos modified by association with ethanol, coffee and tobacco tar].
|
The study covered possible modification of mutagenic action of asbestos in combination with widespread agents--ethanol, coffee extractive and fumigating resin. Such modifying effects as antagonism, synergism were revealed as well as an independent action. An attempt was made to extrapolate the obtained data to human exposure to asbestos.
|
['Animals', 'Asbestos', 'Coffee', 'Ethanol', 'Mice', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Smoking', 'Tars']
| 7,953,145
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.578.725.050', 'D01.837.725.700.760.070'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['D02.033.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['F01.145.805'], ['D20.749']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Hydrogen production and enzyme activity of acidophilic strain X-29 at different C/N ratio].
|
Some fermentative bacteria can produce hydrogen by utilizing carbohydrate and other kinds of organic compounds as substrates. Hydrogen production was also determined by both the limiting of growth and related enzyme activity in energy metabolism. Carbon and nitrogen are needed for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. In addition, the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio can influence the material metabolized and the energy produced. In order to improve the hydrogen production efficiency of the bacteria, we analyzed the effect of different C/N ratios on hydrogen production and the related enzyme activities in the acidophilic strain X-29 using batch test. The results indicate that the differences in the metabolism level and enzyme activity are obvious at different C/N ratios. Although the difference in liquid fermentative products produced per unit of biomass is not obvious, hydrogen production is enhanced at a specifically determined ratio. At a C/N ratio of 14 the accumulative hydrogen yield of strain X-29 reaches the maximum, 2210.9 mL/g. At different C/N ratios, the expression of hydrogenase activity vary; the activity of hydrogenase decrease quickly after reaching a maximum along with the fermentation process, but the time of expression is short. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) tend to stabilize after reaching a peak along with the fermentation process, the difference in expression activity is little, and the expression period is long at different C/N ratios. At a C/N ratio of 14 hydrogenase and ADH reach the maximum 2.88 micromol x (min x mg)(-1) and 33.2 micromol x (min x mg)(-1), respectively. It is shown that the C/N ratio has an important effect on enhancing hydrogen production and enzyme activity.
|
['Bacteria', 'Carbon', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogenase', 'Nitrogen']
| 16,768,012
|
[['B03'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['D08.811.682.400'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Beehive-Inspired Macroporous SERS Probe for Cancer Detection through Capturing and Analyzing Exosomes in Plasma.
|
The protein phosphorylation status of exosomes can regulate the activity and function of proteins related to cancer development, and it is highly possible to diagnose cancers through analyzing the protein phosphorylation status. However, monitoring the protein phosphorylation status with a simple and label-free method is still clinically challenging. Here, inspired by beehives, we developed an Au-coated TiO2 macroporous inverse opal (MIO) structure with an engineered "slow light effect" and thus with outstanding surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance. The MIO structure can capture and analyze the exosomes from plasma of cancer patients without any labeling processes. It was found that the SERS intensity of exosomes at 1087 cm-1 arising from the P-O bond within the phosphoproteins can be used as a criterion for tumor liquid biopsies. The intensity of the 1087 cm-1 SERS peak from exosomes extracted from the plasma of cancer patients (prostate, lung, liver, and colon) is at least two times of that from healthy people. This indicates the simplicity and versatility of this method in cancer diagnostics. Our method has obvious advantages (noninvasive and time-saving) over currently clinically used tumor liquid biopsy techniques (such as western blot), which has great potentials to make vitro cancer diagnostics/monitoring as simple as diagnostics/monitoring of common diseases.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Exosomes', 'Humans', 'Liquid Biopsy', 'Nanoparticles', 'Neoplasms', 'Porosity', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Titanium']
| 31,894,690
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.284.295.588.750', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.880.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.396', 'E01.370.225.998.054.396', 'E05.200.500.384.100.396', 'E05.200.998.054.396', 'E05.242.384.100.396'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['C04'], ['G01.374.710'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: N-(p-sulfamoylphenyl)-alpha-D-glycopyranosylamines as topically acting antiglaucoma agents in hypertensive rabbits.
|
A series of N-(p-sulfamoylphenyl)-alpha-D-glycopyranosylamines was prepared by reaction of sulfanilamide with different monosaccharides in the presence of ammonium chloride. The new compounds were investigated for inhibition of the metallo-enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), involved in aqueous humor secretion within the mammalian eye. Isozymes CA I and CA II were strongly inhibited by some of these compounds, which showed inhibition constants in the range of 510-1200 nM against CA I and 10-25 nM against CA II, similarly to clinically used sulfonamides, such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide and brinzolamide. The presence of sugar moieties in these molecules induced an enhanced water solubility as compared to other sulfonamides. In hypertensive rabbits (a widely used animal model of glaucoma), two of the new compounds showed strong and long-lasting intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, being more effective than dorzolamide and brinzolamide, the two clinically used, topically acting antiglaucoma sulfonamides with CA inhibitory properties.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors', 'Glaucoma', 'Hypertension', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Monosaccharides', 'Rabbits', 'Sulfanilamides']
| 14,684,332
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.411.162'], ['D27.505.519.389.200'], ['C11.525.381'], ['C14.907.489'], ['G14.440'], ['D09.947.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D02.065.884.725', 'D02.092.146.807', 'D02.886.590.700.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dietary vitamin A modulates the properties of retinoic acid and glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver.
|
Properties of retinoic acid receptors and glucocorticoid receptors of rat liver were influenced by retinol status in a nonsimilar manner. The binding of the retinoic acid receptors which was lowered in vitamin A--deficient animals relative to controls was restored by a single dose (100 micrograms) of retinoic acid; in vitamin A--overloaded animals (40-fold the control intake) the binding was greater than in controls. The binding of the glucocorticoid receptor was higher in vitamin A--deficient rats than in controls and restored by retinoic acid supplementation, but did not differ from controls in the vitamin A--overloaded rats. The cellular actions of glucocorticoid hormone and retinoic acid were investigated by assaying the activity of some related enzymes. The activity of tyrosine aminotransferase reflected glucocorticoid receptor binding in vitamin A--deficient and vitamin A--restored rats. The decreased tyrosine amino transferase activity observed in vitamin A--overloaded rats could be related to the inhibition of expression of tyrosine amino transferase gene by retinoic acid. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was unaffected or only slightly affected by vitamin A status. The known existence of glucocorticoid hormone- and retinoic acid--sensitive elements in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene could explain such observations. Furthermore, the changes in the binding of retinoic acid receptors and glucocorticoid receptors were often in opposite directions. These results provide new evidence for the mechanisms by which the amount of dietary vitamin A modulates hormonal status.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Alcohol Dehydrogenase', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Receptors, Retinoic Acid', 'Tyrosine Transaminase', 'Vitamin A', 'Vitamin A Deficiency']
| 8,100,575
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D08.811.682.047.820.250'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.826.701', 'D12.776.930.775'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.900'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['C18.654.521.500.133.628']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) polymers for cell encapsulation.
|
Polyanions based on poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) were investigated as materials for cell encapsulation. These water-soluble polyanions having molecular masses ranging from 20 to 1980 kDa were prepared by functionalization of poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) with 5-aminofluorescein and/or á-methoxy-ù-amino-poly(ethylene glycol), followed by base hydrolysis of the residual anhydride groups to form the corresponding poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-sodium maleate). Their potential to replace alginate both in the core and, in particular, the outer shell of calcium alginate-poly(L-lysine)-alginate (APA) capsules was determined using confocal fluorescence microscopy, osmotic pressure tests, permeability studies, protein binding and cell viability assays. These polymers were shown to be able to replace the outer layer of alginate, forming more resilient capsule shells. The resulting capsules showed similar permeability and resistance to bovine serum albumin binding, as well as superior viability for encapsulated cells, when compared to standard APA capsules. In addition, these polymers showed promise for use as functional additives to the capsule cores.
|
['Alginates', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cell Engineering', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Compounding', 'Fluoresceins', 'Maleates', 'Methyl Ethers', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Polymers', 'Polyvinyls']
| 21,067,656
|
[['D09.698.068'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.481.500.311', 'J01.293.069.249'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G04.346'], ['E05.916.270'], ['D02.455.426.779.347', 'D03.633.300.953.275', 'D04.711.347'], ['D02.241.081.337.502'], ['D02.355.601'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.616', 'D02.455.326.271.884.533', 'D05.750.716.721', 'D25.720.716.721', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extracellular guanosine and GTP promote expression of differentiation markers and induce S-phase cell-cycle arrest in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
|
SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a model for studying neuronal differentiation, are able to differentiate into either cholinergic or dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotypes depending on media conditions. Using this system, we asked whether guanosine (Guo) or guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) are able to drive differentiation towards one particular phenotype. Differentiation was determined by evaluating the frequency of cells bearing neurites and assessing neurite length after exposure to different concentrations of Guo or GTP for different durations. After 6 days, 0.3 mM Guo or GTP induced a significant increase in the number of cells bearing neurites and increased neurite length. Western blot analyses confirmed that purines induced differentiation; cells exposed to purines showed increases in the levels of GAP43, MAP2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Proliferation assays and cytofluorimetric analyses indicated a significant anti-proliferative effect of purines, and a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in S-phase, starting after 24 h of purine exposure and extending for up to 6 days. A transcriptional profile analysis using gene arrays showed that an up-regulation of cyclin E2/cdk2 evident after 24 h was responsible for S-phase entry, and a concurrent down-regulation of cell-cycle progression-promoting cyclin B1/B2 prevented S-phase exit. In addition, patch-clamp recordings revealed that 0.3 mM Guo or GTP, after 6 day incubation, significantly decreased Na(+) currents. In conclusion, we showed Guo- and GTP-induced cell-cycle arrest in neuroblastoma cells and suggest that this makes these cells more responsive to differentiation processes that favor the dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotype.
|
['Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cyclin B', 'Cyclin B1', 'Cyclin B2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2', 'Cyclins', 'Down-Regulation', 'Extracellular Space', 'GAP-43 Protein', 'Guanosine', 'Guanosine Triphosphate', 'Humans', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neurites', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'S Phase', 'Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase', 'Up-Regulation']
| 19,111,604
|
[['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D12.644.360.262.120', 'D12.776.167.218.120', 'D12.776.476.262.120'], ['D12.644.360.262.120.100', 'D12.776.167.218.120.100', 'D12.776.476.262.120.100'], ['D12.644.360.262.120.200', 'D12.776.167.218.120.200', 'D12.776.476.262.120.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.750', 'D12.644.360.250.323', 'D12.776.167.200.323', 'D12.776.476.250.323'], ['D12.644.360.262', 'D12.776.167.218', 'D12.776.476.262'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['A10.082.500', 'A11.284.295'], ['D12.776.395.550.400', 'D12.776.543.550.400', 'D12.776.631.400'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454', 'D13.570.583.454', 'D13.570.800.453'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.454.504', 'D13.695.667.454.504', 'D13.695.827.426.504'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.225.880', 'G04.144.500.800', 'G05.226.880'], ['D08.811.682.690.708.923', 'D12.776.556.579.374.925'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activity Levels for Four Years in a Cohort of Urban-Dwelling Adolescent Females.
|
PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that female adolescents and those living in urban environments may have lower physical activity (PA) levels compared with their peers. Yet few studies report PA for urban adolescent females, and there is no consensus regarding potential causes for low PA in this subgroup. We examined PA levels, in a large, diverse cohort of 14- to 17-yr-old urban-dwelling females and assessed the effect of socioeconomic, personal, and neighborhood/environmental factors on PA.METHODS: One week of time-stamped step count data were collected on 926 girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study at four annual visits. Valid recordings (worn at least 10 h on 3+ d) were examined and compared with normalized step count values from a U.S. population-representative sample. Relationships between important covariates and average steps per day were examined with regression models.RESULTS: Adjusted mean ± SD step counts per day at baseline were 5614 ± 2434 after controlling for important covariates with less than 6% of girls achieving at least 10,000 steps per day. The girls from the Pittsburgh Girls Study accrued ~45% of their steps during school hours. Age-specific median step counts per day for study participants were similar to the 25th percentile of U.S. population normalized values and did not significantly change during follow-up. Non-Hispanic African American race/ethnicity was associated with higher average step counts per day; obesity and a recent childbirth were associated with lower average step counts per day.CONCLUSIONS: Step counts in this cohort of urban adolescent girls were considerably lower than expected for U.S. adolescent females. Targeted efforts to improve PA levels in urban youth should consider the importance of school-based activity while increasing PA opportunities outside of school.
|
['Actigraphy', 'Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Environment Design', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Pennsylvania', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Schools', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 27,875,500
|
[['E01.370.520.049', 'E05.003.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['I01.283', 'I01.880.709.359', 'N06.230.145'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['N01.224.791', 'N06.850.505.400.800'], ['I02.783', 'J03.832'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Characterization of erythrocyte membrane tension for hemolysis prediction in complex flows.
|
Hemolysis is a persistent issue with blood-contacting devices. Many experimental and theoretical contributions over the last few decades have increased insight into the mechanisms of hemolysis in both laminar and turbulent flows, with the ultimate goal of developing a comprehensive, mechanistic hemolysis model. Many models assume that hemolysis scales with a resultant, scalar stress representing all components of the fluid stress tensor. This study critically evaluates this scalar stress hypothesis by calculating the response of the red blood cell membrane to different types of fluid stress (laminar shear and extension, and three turbulent shear and extension cases), each with the same scalar stress. It was found that even though the scalar stress is the same for all cases, membrane tension varied by up to three orders of magnitude. In addition, extensional flow causes constant tension, while tank-treading in shear flow causes periodic tension, with tank-treading frequency varying by three orders of magnitude among the cases. For turbulent flow, tension also depends on eddy size. It is concluded, therefore, that scalar stress alone is inadequate for scaling hemolysis. Fundamental investigations are needed to establish a new index of the fluid stress tensor that provides reliable hemolysis prediction across the wide range of complex flows that occur in cardiovascular devices.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Hemolysis', 'Hemorheology', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Viscosity']
| 29,299,699
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['E05.830.250', 'G09.188.370', 'G09.330.380.630'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma with Hodgkin lymphoma.
|
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumour of uncertain differentiation and low metastatic potential, which occurs predominantly in children and young adults. It occurs mostly within the extremities, trunk, head and neck. We report the case of a 32-year-old female that was operated in our hospital in 2016 and twice in 2017. The patient had headaches and neck pain initially in 2016. We discuss the radiographic and histologic features initially found and the findings that ultimately led to the diagnosis of AFH. The patient had a past history of Hodgkin lymphoma.
|
['Adult', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous', 'Hodgkin Disease', 'Humans']
| 31,256,181
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.425.360', 'C04.557.450.795.400'], ['C04.557.386.355', 'C15.604.515.569.355', 'C20.683.515.761.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor Cdc24p is targeted to the nucleus and polarized growth sites.
|
Generation of cellular asymmetry or cell polarity plays a critical role in cell-cycle-regulated morphogenetic processes involving the actin cytoskeleton. The GTPase Cdc42 regulates actin rearrangements and signal transduction pathways in all eukaryotic cells [1], and the temporal and spatial regulation of Cdc42p depends on the activity and targeting of its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Cdc24p, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GEF for Cdc42p, is found in a particulate fraction and localizes to the plasma membrane [2] [3] at sites of polarized growth [4]. We show that Cdc24p labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP-Cdc24p) was targeted to pre-bud sites, the tips and sides of enlarging buds, and mating projections in pheromone-treated cells. Unexpectedly, GFP-Cdc24p also localized to the nucleus and GFP-Cdc24p levels diminished before nuclear division followed by its reappearance in divided nuclei and mother-bud necks during cytokinesis. The Cdc24p amino-terminal 283 amino acids were necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization, which depended on the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor Far1p. The Cdc24p carboxy-terminal 289 amino acids were necessary and sufficient for targeting to the pre-bud site, bud, mother-bud neck, and mating projection. Targeting was independent of the Cdc24p-binding proteins Far1p, the GTPase Rsr1p/Bud1p, the scaffold protein Bem1p, and the G(beta) subunit Ste4p. These data are consistent with a temporal and spatial regulation of Cdc24p-dependent activation of Cdc42p during the cell cycle.
|
['Binding Sites', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Polarity', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Transcription Factors']
| 10,531,032
|
[['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.144'], ['D12.776.167'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['G04.250'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D12.644.360.325.300', 'D12.776.476.325.300'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Augmented anti-acetylcholine receptor response following long-term penicillamine administration.
|
Because of the association of D-penicillamine (DP) therapy with myasthenia gravis, we have studied long-term DP treatment in five inbred strains of mice with doses comparable to those used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No clinical weakness or anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody developed with up to 6 months of treatment, but augmented responses did occur to challenge with purified AChR in adjuvant. Anti-AChR antibody titers in C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice were significantly higher after challenge with AChR in DP-treated than in control mice. Augmented anti-AChR titers were not seen in strain A mice, but after 6 months of DP treatment increased susceptibility developed to the induction of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Nine weeks after challenge with purified AChR, 10 of 11 mice developed clinical weakness, leading to death in 6. Results of edrophonium testing were positive in 5 of 6 mice, and electrophysiological abnormalities were demonstrated in 3 of the surviving mice. Long-term DP treatment is associated with augmented anti-AChR antibody responses in C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice, and increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in strain A mice.
|
['Animals', 'Autoantibodies', 'Edrophonium', 'Female', 'Long-Term Care', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Motor Endplate', 'Myasthenia Gravis', 'Penicillamine', 'Receptors, Cholinergic', 'Species Specificity']
| 6,431,900
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D02.092.877.674.333', 'D02.675.276.352'], ['E02.760.476', 'N02.421.585.476'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400'], ['A08.800.550.550.550.500', 'A08.850.550.550.500', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550.500'], ['C04.588.614.550.500', 'C04.730.856.490', 'C10.114.656', 'C10.574.781.588', 'C10.668.758.725', 'C20.111.258.500'], ['D02.886.030.786', 'D12.125.166.786'], ['D12.776.543.750.720.360'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The reorganization of functional architecture in the early-stages of Parkinson's disease.
|
INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to identify longitudinal abnormalities of functional connectivity and its relation with motor disability in early to moderately advanced stages of Parkinson's disease patients.METHODS: 3.0T structural and resting-state functional MRI was performed in healthy subjects (n = 16) and Parkinson's disease patients (n = 16) with mean disease duration of 2.2 ± 1.2 years at baseline with a clinical follow-up of 1.5 ± 0.3 years. Resting-state fMRI analysis included region-to-region connectivity in correlation with UPDRS-III scores and computation of Global Efficiency and Degree Centrality.RESULTS: At baseline, patients' connectivity increased between the cerebellum and somatomotor network, and decreased between motor regions (Rolandic operculum, precentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, postcentral gyrus) and cingulate connectivity. At 1.5 years follow-up, connectivity remained altered in the same regions identified at baseline. The cerebellum showed additional hyperconnectivity within itself and to the caudate nucleus, thalamus and amygdala compared to controls. These differences correlated with UPDRS-III scores. Seed-based connectivity revealed increased involvement of the default mode network with precentral gyrus in patients at follow-up investigation.CONCLUSION: Resting-state fMRI identified marked disturbances of the overall architecture of connectivity in Parkinson's disease. The noted alterations in cortical motor areas were associated with cerebellar hyperconnectivity in early to moderately advanced stages of Parkinson's disease suggesting ongoing attempts of recovery and compensatory mechanism for affected functions. The potential to identify connectivity alterations in regions related to both motor and attentional functions requires further evaluation as an objective marker to monitor disease progression, and medical, as well as surgical interventions.
|
['Cerebellum', 'Cerebrum', 'Connectome', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Parkinson Disease']
| 29,449,186
|
[['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500.249', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500.249', 'E05.629.875.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.228.140.079.862.500', 'C10.228.662.600.400', 'C10.574.928.750']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Dual modes of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport in dendrites revealed by live-cell imaging.
|
Organelles of the neuronal secretory pathway are critical for the addition of membrane that accompanies neuronal development, as well as for the proper localization of plasma membrane proteins necessary for polarity, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that two organizations of the secretory pathway exist in neurons: one requiring processing of membrane and lipids in the Golgi complex of the cell body and one in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking is localized to dendrites. Using time-lapse imaging of green fluorescent protein-tagged cargo proteins and compartment markers, we show that organelles of the secretory pathway, including ER, ER exit sites, and Golgi, are present and engage in trafficking in neuronal dendrites. We find that ER-to-Golgi trafficking involves highly mobile vesicular carriers that traffic in both the anterograde and retrograde directions throughout the dendritic arbor. Dendritic Golgi outposts, which appear developmentally during the phase of process outgrowth, are involved in the trafficking of both integral membrane proteins and the secreted neuronal growth factor BDNF. This distributed dendritic Golgi represents an organization of the secretory pathway unique among mammalian cells.
|
['Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Cell Compartmentation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendrites', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Golgi Apparatus', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Hippocampus', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Internet', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Neurons', 'Protein Processing, Post-Translational', 'Protein Transport', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Temperature', 'Video Recording', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 12,867,502
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.860.100', 'D12.776.467.860.100', 'D12.776.631.600.100', 'D23.529.850.100'], ['G04.128'], ['A11.251'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.336'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['D12.776.532'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.660.871.790.600', 'G02.111.691.600', 'G03.734.871.790.600', 'G05.308.670.600'], ['G03.143.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['L01.280.960'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Spontaneous regression of Friend-virus-induced erythroleukemia. VII. The genetic control of regression.
|
The genetic control of spontaneous regression of erythroleukemia was studied in parental and hybrid mice in which leukemia was induced by the regressing strain of Friend virus (RFV). Because in previous studies parental regressor mouse strains tested (N/PLCR, SIM, NIH Swiss) all had the FV-1n/n genotype and the progressor mouse strains (SIM.R, BALB/c) had the Fv-1b/b genotype, we detemined the influence of Fv-1 alleles on regression. Genes which influence regression were dominant and had partial penetrance in (progressor x regressor) F1 mice. Regression occurred in hybrid mice which inherited the Fv-1b/b genes of each of the progressor mouse strains. Regression and Fv-1 alleles also segregated independently in (N/PLCR x BALB/c) F2 mice, in random-bred Swiss mice heterozygous for the Fv-1 gene, in partially inbred Swiss recombinant progressor and regressor mouse lines, and in hybrid mice carrying the Fv-1b/b gene of SIM.R mice. Regressor SIM and progressor SIM.R mice, which were bred to be congeneic at the Fv-1 locus, also differ with respect to recovery from viremia, suggesting that their Rfv-3 genes differ and influence regression. Crosses of SIM and SIM.R mice with the A.BY (Rfv-3s/s) mouse strain confirmed that SIM and SIM.R carry Rfv-3r/r and Rfv-3s/s, respectively. We conclude that Fv-1b/b is not inhibitory to regression nor is the Fv-1 gene a genetic deteminant in the process. The data suggest that regression is influenced by several genes, including those (Rfv-1, Rfv-2, Rfv-3) shown to affect recovery from leukemia in other systems.
|
['Alleles', 'Animals', 'Friend murine leukemia virus', 'Genotype', 'Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute', 'Leukemia, Experimental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous']
| 6,945,295
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['B01.050'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.225', 'B04.820.650.375.525.225'], ['G05.380'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.325', 'C15.378.190.636.276'], ['C04.557.337.372', 'C04.619.531', 'E05.598.500.496.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['C04.697.670', 'C23.550.727.670', 'G16.767.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Development and preliminary validation of a Chinese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire in a population of Hong Kong Chinese.
|
I developed a Chinese version of the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) by translating scale items into Chinese and subjecting them to standard validation procedures. I used confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modeling to compare several measurement models. Models based on Buss and Perry's (1992) original four-factor (29-item) scale failed to replicate in the Chinese sample; however, the construct validity of Bryant and Smith's (2001) abridged version of the Aggression Questionnaire received strong overall support. The new 12-item scale demonstrated good fit to the data and adequate internal reliability. Evidence for criterion validity was provided by the scale's sensitivity to differing levels of aggression in males and females. Convergent and discriminant validity received partial support from the pattern of correlations with a measure of anger rumination. Linguistic and metric equivalence were supported by high correlation coefficients between scores on Chinese and English versions of the scale completed by bilingual Chinese on separate occasions. Consistent replications of these preliminary results across three independent samples suggest that the Chinese version of the Aggression Questionnaire may be useful for clinical assessment and cross-cultural research.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aggression', 'Anger', 'China', 'Conduct Disorder', 'Cross-Cultural Comparison', 'Female', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Personality Assessment', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,518,550
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['F01.470.093'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F03.625.094.300'], ['I01.076.201.450.281', 'I01.880.853.100.257'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.513'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Radiolocalization of sentinel lymph nodes in clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
|
OBJECTIVES: We sought to analyze the characteristics of radioactive lymph nodes with metastatic disease and to explore methods for the localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with radionuclide in clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer.METHODS: Forty-five patients with T1-T4 and clinically N0 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer were recruited. For each patient, a peritumoral submucosal injection of 99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid was administered, and lymph node mapping was performed by lymphoscintigraphy 2 hours after injection. The SLNs were localized during operation by a hand-held gamma probe 10 to 12 hours after the injection, and we defined the radioactive counts from the parotideomasseteric region as background values. All lymph nodes that had accumulated radioactivity were harvested and initially termed as SLNs. Selective neck dissection was performed in all patients. The SLN specimens were sent for formal paraffin-embedded sectioning, serial sectioning, and immunohistochemical assay. The results were compared to those for the remaining lymphadenectomy specimen. Resection of the primary tumor depended on its location and the T classification.RESULTS: Sentinel lymph nodes were identified in 41 of 45 patients (51 necks). Sentinel lymph nodes with occult metastases were found in 13 patients (15 necks). In a false-negative case, metastasis was found in a nonsentinel lymph node in 1 of the neck specimens. The SLN identification rate was 92.7%, the sensitivity was 93.7%, the false-negative rate was 6.3%, and the accuracy was 98.0%. In 11 of the 15 necks (73.3%) with pathologically positive SLNs, metastasis was found in the node with the highest radioactivity. Harvesting the first 3 nodes with the highest radioactive counts may identify patients with occult metastatic disease.CONCLUSIONS: Excision of the first 3 SLNs with the highest radioactive counts can be used to accurately identify the status of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with clinically N0 laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid']
| 21,675,592
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.485', 'C07.550.745.436', 'C09.647.710.485', 'C09.775.549.485'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.598'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D01.875.900', 'D01.925.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Demographic characteristics of the equine population of northern Britain.
|
The size, composition and distribution of the equine population of Scotland and the five northernmost counties in England were estimated through a series of mailed questionnaire surveys of sentinel veterinary practices and horse owners. An estimated 96,622 equine animals were kept by an estimated 26,114 owners. The mean (sd) age of the population was 11.0 (7.5) years (range one month to 37 years). Thoroughbred or thoroughbred-cross animals were the most numerous, constituting 30 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval 27 to 33 per cent) of the total population. The ratio of males:females was 1:1.
|
['Animals', 'Demography', 'England', 'Female', 'Horses', 'Male', 'Population', 'Scotland', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 10,515,615
|
[['B01.050'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['N01.600'], ['Z01.542.363.766'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Serial changes in liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter following direct-acting antiviral therapy against hepatitis C virus genotype 1b.
|
Little information is available on the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy on changes in liver fibrosis and steatosis. Liver stiffness (LS) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values were evaluated using transient elastography. The study subjects were 214 elderly patients infected with HCV genotype 1b who received 24-week daclatasvir and asunaprevir dual therapy. All patients of this retrospective study had no hepatocellular carcinoma before and during DAA therapy. LS and CAP were assessed before treatment (baseline), at end of treatment (EOT), and at 24, 48, 72 weeks (W) after EOT. The rate of sustained viral response (SVR) by daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy was 91%. LS values for the entire group correlated with Fib-4 index at baseline (r = 0.565, P < 0.001). LS in both chronic hepatitis group (Fib-4 index <3.25) and cirrhosis group (Fib-4 index ?3.25) decreased significantly at each time point compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Especially, a larger decrease in LS from baseline to EOT was seen in the cirrhosis group than chronic hepatitis group (P < 0.001). LS was also significantly lower in the SVR group at EOT, 24W, 48W, 72W compared with baseline (P < 0.001). Even in the non-SVR group, LS tended to be lower at EOT (P = 0.039), 24W (P = 0.009), 48W (P = 0.475), 72W (P = 0.033) compared with baseline. CAP increased significantly following the treatment from baseline to 48W post-EOT (P = 0.018). Our results showed significant improvement in LS in response to daclatasvir and asunaprevir dual therapy. In the other hand, there was a tendency that CAP increased from baseline.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Imidazoles', 'Isoquinolines', 'Liver', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sulfonamides', 'Sustained Virologic Response', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,906,010
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E01.370.350.850.270'], ['G05.380'], ['B04.450.380', 'B04.820.578.344.475'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.633.100.531'], ['A03.620'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['E01.789.800.570', 'N04.761.559.590.800.665', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.665'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Case study approach to modeling historical disinfection by-product exposure in Iowa drinking waters.
|
In the 1980s, a case-control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa (USA) to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes (THMs), the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP mixture. Average THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was 156ìg/L compared to 74ìg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels (>96ìg/L). The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure.
|
['Disinfection', 'Drinking Water', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Iowa', 'Models, Chemical', 'Neoplasms', 'Risk Assessment', 'Trihalomethanes', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification', 'Water Supply']
| 28,774,607
|
[['N06.850.780.200.450.850.375'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.370'], ['E05.599.495'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['D02.455.526.913'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['J01.293.821.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of pancreatic polypeptide in midgut epithelium of hematophagous dipterans.
|
Midguts of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi, and of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, as well as guinea pig pancreas, were prepared for electron microscopy by using low-temperature embedding in Lowicryl K4M. Rabbit antiserum to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (PP) crossreacted with secretory granules of pancreatic PP-producing cells and of the clear cells in mosquito gut. Rabbit antiserum to human somatostatin crossreacted with the control tissue, guinea pig pancreas D-cells, but not with the mosquito clear cells. None of the antisera used showed a distinct reaction with the endocrine-like cells of tsetse fly midgut. Positive reactions were revealed by gold as electron-dense marker. The gold particles were coated with protein A-gold or goat antibodies to rabbit immunoglobulin.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Endocrine Glands', 'Epithelium', 'Gold', 'Immunologic Techniques', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Pancreatic Polypeptide', 'Somatostatin', 'Tsetse Flies']
| 2,885,369
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['A06.300'], ['A10.272'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['E05.478'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D06.472.699.587.700', 'D12.644.400.600', 'D12.644.548.586.700', 'D12.776.631.650.600'], ['D06.472.699.327.700.875', 'D06.472.699.587.780', 'D12.644.400.400.700.875', 'D12.644.548.365.700.875', 'D12.644.548.586.780', 'D12.776.631.650.405.700.875'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variants of intrafamilial sexual abuse experience: implications for short- and long-term development.
|
This study examines short- and long-term maladaptive outcomes in a sample of sexually abused females and a comparison group. The sample consists of intrafamilial sexual abuse victims ages 6-16 years at entry into the study and a demographically similar comparison group. The outcomes examined included measures of behavior and psychological problems such as aggressive behavior, depression, dissociation, and low self-esteem; and measures at two time points, first at entry into the study (median age 11 years) and approximately 7 years later (median age 18 years). The specific questions being addressed were (a) whether subgroups or profiles. based on the specific characteristics of the sexual abuse experienced, can be identified in this sample of abused females; and (b) whether these profile groups predict different patterns of adverse short- or long-term outcomes.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aggression', 'Child', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Depression', 'Dissociative Disorders', 'Domestic Violence', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incest', 'Personality Development', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Concept', 'Social Adjustment']
| 11,771,904
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.748.300', 'I01.198.240.856.350.250.255', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250.255'], ['F03.625.141'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['F03.300'], ['I01.198.240.856.350', 'I01.880.735.900.350'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.735.442'], ['F01.752.747'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.145.813.621']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of aggregation and shear rate on the dispersion of red blood cells flowing in venules.
|
Previous in vitro studies of blood flow in small glass tubes have shown that red blood cells exhibit significant erratic deviations in the radial position in the laminar flow regime. The purpose of the present study was to assess the magnitude of this variability and that of velocity in vivo and the effect of red blood cell aggregation and shear rate upon them. With the use of a gated image intensifier and fluorescently labeled red blood cells in tracer quantities, we obtained multiple measurements of red blood cell radial and longitudinal positions at time intervals as short as 5 ms within single venous microvessels (diameter range 45-75 microm) of the rat spinotrapezius muscle. For nonaggregating red blood cells in the velocity range of 0.3-14 mm/s, the mean coefficient of variation of velocity was 16.9 +/- 10.5% and the SD of the radial position was 1.98 +/- 0.98 microm. Both quantities were inversely related to shear rate, and the former was significantly lowered on induction of red blood cell aggregation by the addition of Dextran 500 to the blood. The shear-induced random movements observed in this study may increase the radial transport of particles and solutes within the bloodstream by orders of magnitude.
|
['Animals', 'Anticoagulants', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Viscosity', 'Cell Aggregation', 'Dextrans', 'Erythrocytes', 'Hematocrit', 'Male', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Particle Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Venules']
| 12,384,477
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.188.370.124', 'G09.330.380.630.110'], ['G04.198.251'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['E05.599.395.161'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G02.712'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.374.835'], ['A07.015.461.920', 'A07.015.908.952']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Culture of Rectal Swab Specimens for Enteric Bacterial Pathogens Decreases Time to Test Result While Preserving Assay Sensitivity Compared to Bulk Fecal Specimens.
|
Diarrheal illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, yet the etiologic agent of many cases of gastrointestinal illness remains unspecified, often due to the lack of convenient, timely, and sensitive diagnostic testing. Although bulk fecal specimens remain the recommended specimen type for enteric culture, rectal swabs may be an option preferred by clinicians and patients due to the convenience and timing of collection. However, the lack of data evaluating the sensitivity of rectal swabs compared to fecal specimens for detection of enteric pathogens precludes this specimen type from being recommended by national guidelines. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 480 paired rectal swab and fecal specimens submitted for enteric culture to the Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital microbiology laboratories in St. Louis, MO, from 2002 to 2017. We report 32% positivity of paired specimens with an overall agreement of 93% and Cohen's ê of 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.89). Additionally, we evaluated the time to result from the time of patient presentation to the health care setting and demonstrate that rectal swabs have a significantly shorter time to an actionable result than bulk fecal specimens (median, 67.4 h versus 78.4 h, respectively; P < 0.001). These findings indicate that rectal swabs facilitate on-demand culture-based testing with a sensitivity comparable to that of fecal specimens and thus should be recommended for enteric bacterial culture when bulk fecal specimens are unavailable.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diarrhea', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rectum', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Specimen Handling', 'Young Adult']
| 30,944,186
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['A12.459'], ['C06.405.205'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Detection of base-pair mismatches in DNA using graphene-based nanopore device.
|
We present a unique way to detect base-pair mismatches in DNA, leading to a different epigenetic disorder by the method of nanopore sequencing. Based on a tight-binding formulation of a graphene-based nanopore device, using the Green's function approach we study the changes in the electronic transport properties of the device as we translocate a double-stranded DNA through the nanopore embedded in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon. In the present work we are not only successful in detecting the usual AT and GC pairs but also a set of possible mismatches in the complementary base pairing.
|
['Algorithms', 'Base Pair Mismatch', 'Base Pairing', 'DNA', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Graphite', 'Nanopores', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 26,894,508
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G05.365.590.060'], ['G02.111.570.820.486.100', 'G02.111.611.500', 'G05.360.580.100'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.308.203'], ['D01.268.150.300', 'D01.578.300'], ['J01.637.512.650'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rural healthcare providers question the practicality of motivational interviewing and report varied physical activity counseling experience.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate rural healthcare providers (HCP) physical activity (PA) counseling experiences and perceptions of motivational interviewing (MI), a behavioral counseling style, prior to MI training.METHODS: Four moderator-led focus groups were conducted among rural HCPs providing care to rural African American women with Type 2 diabetes. Questions about experiences with PA counseling in this patient population were asked. Following a DVD demonstration of a MI patient/provider consultation, MI impressions were solicited. Focus groups data were transcribed verbatim. Content-based analysis was conducted using qualitative data analysis software, Atlas.ti., and thematic coding by two analysts.RESULTS: Thirty-three HCPs (64% nurses) participated. Fifty-five percent reported little or no PA counseling comfort due to either the lack of knowledge of PA recommendations or individual challenges in being physically active. MI was viewed as a potentially effective communication approach (positive impression theme). However, HCPs voiced concern about the limited input of the provider during the MI consultation (disadvantage theme) and the feasibility of implementing MI in healthcare settings (disadvantage theme).CONCLUSION: Future studies should evaluate whether integrating, into MI training, information about previous PA counseling experiences and impressions of MI from rural HCPs truly increases the effectiveness of MI training and subsequent PA interventions.
|
['Adult', 'African Americans', 'Communication', 'Directive Counseling', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Health Promotion', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motivation', 'Motor Activity', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Qualitative Research', 'Rural Health Services', 'Rural Population', 'Social Perception', 'United States']
| 19,201,141
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['F02.784.176.279', 'F04.408.413.349', 'N02.421.461.363.349'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['I02.233.332.445', 'N02.421.726.407.579'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['F01.829.401.650.600', 'N05.300.660.560'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N01.600.725'], ['F02.463.593.752'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Therapeutic efficacy and quality of life investigation of traditional Chinese medicine-based therapy of chronic hepatitis B-related liver fibrosis].
|
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-based therapy for treating liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and to investigate the patients' perception of the treatment's effects on quality of life (QoL).METHODS: A total of 430 patients with CHB-related liver fibrosis were randomly assigned to treatment groups for receipt of a 12-month course of the antiviral drug entecavir alone (control group) or in combination with the TCM Liuweiwuling tablets. Patients were assessed before (pre-treatment) and after therapy and the treatment-related differences in clinical manifestations, levels of liver function markers and liver fibrosis indexes, color ultrasound images, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load were compared between the two groups by statistical analysis. The generic QoL scale developed by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to score the patients' perceptions of treatment outcome.RESULTS: After treatment, the patients in both groups showed significant improvement in the majority of clinical manifestations (both P less than 0.05), with the exception of bloating. In addition, both groups showed significant improvements of liver function markers and in signs of liver fibrosis (both P less than 0.05). Both groups also showed significant reductions in the diameters of the portal and splenic (both P less than 0.05), as well as increases in the rate of undetectable HBV DNA (with a statistically similar outcome achieved in the two groups). Finally, both groups had higher QoL scores after treatment, with all assessed parameters except environment showing a significant improvement (all P less than 0.05).CONCLUSION: When used in combination with entecavir, the TCM Liuweiwuling tablet is a safe therapy for CHB and its related liver fibrosis and may help to improve the QoL of these patients.
|
['Adult', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Guanine', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phytotherapy', 'Quality of Life', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,721,240
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['E02.319.310'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.190.755'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intracellular distribution of the La antigen in CV-1 cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection compared with the localization of U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles.
|
The La antigen is known to associate, at least transiently, with a series of small nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs and scRNPs), e.g. U1 and U6 snRNPs. In CV-1 cells a monoclonal antibody (MAb), directed against the La protein (La1B5), immunostained intranuclear speckles. These speckles were found to co-localize with speckles that were stained by MAbs directed against either all U snRNPs or only against U1 snRNPs. Two h after infection of CV-1 cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (strain HFEM) the staining of nuclear speckles with the anti-La MAb disappeared and the La protein was found quantitatively in the cytoplasm. In contrast nuclear speckles remained stained with the MAbs against the U snRNPs. Similar results were obtained using HSV-1 strains Lenette or 17 syn+ or temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants defective either in DNA synthesis (tsS) or in the immediate early protein (Mr 175 K) (tsK). Later in infection the La protein returned to the nucleus. Six h after infection most of the nuclear La protein was found to localize within patchy regions. These areas seem to be related to heterogeneous nuclear RNA transcription and/or processing sites, but not to DNA replication sites.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Autoantigens', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cytoplasm', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mutation', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear', 'Simplexvirus', 'Transcription Factors']
| 2,543,764
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.422'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['D12.776.157.725.500.875', 'D12.776.664.962.500.875'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endoscopic-guided versus cotton-tipped applicator methods of nasal anesthesia for transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized, prospective, controlled study.
|
BACKGROUND: Ultrathin transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (UT-EGD) is well tolerated by patients, but the methods of nasal anesthesia are various.AIM: To compare patient tolerance, safety, and adverse events between the endoscopic-guided (EGNA) and cotton-tipped applicator (CTNA) methods of nasal anesthesia.METHODS: Between September 2005 and September 2006, we conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study in a large tertiary referral hospital in eastern Taiwan. In total, 235 consecutive patients were randomly assigned to the CTNA group or EGNA group before unsedated UT-EGD. We compared demographic data, procedural discomfort using a validated 5-point visual analog scale, optical quality, total procedure time, and adverse events between the two groups.RESULTS: After randomization and exclusion, 101 (43 men and 58 women) and 103 (44 men and 59 women) patients were allocated to the CTNA and EGNA groups, respectively. Baseline characteristics and periprocedural hemodynamics of patients in the two groups were similar. There was no statistical difference in insertion failure rates between the two methods (CTNA 10.9%vs EGNA 7.7%, P= 0.59). Pain scores during both anesthesia (2.3 +/- 0.4 vs 3.5 +/- 0.6, P < 0.001) and insertion (2.8 +/- 1.2 vs 3.8 +/- 1.8, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the EGNA group; however, the sensation of bad taste was significantly worse in the EGNA group (2.3 +/- 1.3 vs 1.9 +/- 1.4, P= 0.040). Less epistaxis happened in the EGNA group than in the CTNA group. The EGNA method had a significantly better visual capacity and shorter procedure time. More patients in the EGNA group said they would like to receive the same procedure the next time.CONCLUSION: Compared with the CTNA method, in which the taste of lidocaine gel was more acceptable, EGNA appeared to be more tolerable, caused less epistaxis, improved visualization capacity, and reduced procedure time.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia, Local', 'Endoscopes', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lidocaine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Taiwan', 'Turbinates']
| 18,445,099
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.086.231'], ['E07.230.220', 'E07.858.240'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['F01.100.150.750.625', 'F01.145.488.887.625', 'N04.452.822.700', 'N05.300.150.800.625', 'N05.715.360.600'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.948', 'A04.531.898']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The potential for polyphosphate metabolism in Archaea and anaerobic polyphosphate formation in Methanosarcina mazei.
|
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is ubiquitous across all forms of life, but the study of its metabolism has been mainly confined to bacteria and yeasts. Few reports detail the presence and accumulation of polyP in Archaea, and little information is available on its functions and regulation. Here, we report that homologs of bacterial polyP metabolism proteins are present across the major taxa in the Archaea, suggesting that archaeal populations may have a greater contribution to global phosphorus cycling than has previously been recognised. We also demonstrate that polyP accumulation can be induced under strictly anaerobic conditions, in response to changes in phosphate (Pi) availability, i.e. Pi starvation, followed by incubation in Pi replete media (overplus), in cells of the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei. Pi-starved M. mazei cells increased transcript abundance of the alkaline phosphatase (phoA) gene and of the high-affinity phosphate transport (pstSCAB-phoU) operon: no increase in polyphosphate kinase 1 (ppk1) transcript abundance was observed. Subsequent incubation of Pi-starved M. mazei cells under Pi replete conditions, led to a 237% increase in intracellular polyphosphate content and a > 5.7-fold increase in ppk1 gene transcripts. Ppk1 expression in M. mazei thus appears not to be under classical phosphate starvation control.
|
['Anaerobiosis', 'Archaeal Proteins', 'Methanosarcina', 'Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)', 'Polyphosphates']
| 31,745,137
|
[['G02.111.062', 'G03.078'], ['D12.776.090'], ['B02.200.765.550.550'], ['D08.811.913.696.650'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374.775', 'D01.248.497.158.730.650', 'D01.695.625.675.650.775']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immune response to minor variant antigen types (VATs) in a mixed VAT infection of the African trypanosomes.
|
It has been shown that soon after the onset of acute infection with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, mice are able to detect immunologically small numbers of minor variant antigen types (VATs) within the population. However, in more longstanding infections, considerably larger populations of minor VATs are required to stimulate an effective immune response. As a result, larger populations of minor VATs evade immune detection and, following a decrease in parasitaemia, become part of the relapse population. We hypothesize that the development of immunosuppression increases the effectiveness of antigenic variation as an escape mechanism.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Protozoan', 'Antigenic Variation', 'Eflornithine', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Mice', 'Trypanosoma brucei gambiense', 'Trypanosomiasis, African', 'Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma']
| 3,143,096
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.252', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.252', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.252'], ['G05.365.073', 'G12.500.249'], ['D12.125.068.665.340', 'D12.125.095.765.340'], ['G12.535.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.268.475.868.887.110'], ['C01.610.752.300.900.719', 'C01.920.937'], ['D12.776.395.550.990', 'D12.776.543.550.990', 'D23.050.293.900', 'D23.050.301.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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