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Glutathione triggered degradation of polydopamine to facilitate controlled drug release for synergic combinational cancer treatment.
|
Here we report a novel mechanism for triggering drug release in the polydopamine (PDA)-coated magnetic CuCo2S4 core-shell nanostructure by glutathione (GSH) triggered degradation of PDA for release. In the design, we used PDA coated CuCo2S4 as the nanocarrier with polyethylene glycol and folic acid targeting molecules to ensure the safe delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to cancer cells. In addition, the controlled release could be enforced by taking advantage of the pH sensitivity of PDA to tumor acidic environments. The targeting and treatment of HeLa cancer cells were very effective and the killing was more efficient at higher levels of GSH. Furthermore, the designed system not only could be used for drug delivery but also could combine photothermal therapy with chemotherapy in a synergetic way. Plus, the system could be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is beneficial for imaging-guided treatment.
|
['Biocompatible Materials', 'Drug Synergism', 'Glutathione', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Neoplasms', 'Polymers']
| 31,465,074
|
[['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['G07.690.773.968.477'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['C04'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phase II study of saracatinib (AZD0530) in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Src has a critical role in tumor cell migration and invasion. Increased Src activity has been shown to correlate with disease progression and poor prognosis, suggesting Src could serve as a therapeutic target for kinase inhibition. Saracatinib (AZD0530) is a novel selective oral Src kinase inhibitor.METHODS: Metastatic colorectal cancer patients who had received one prior treatment and had measurable disease were enrolled in this phase 2 study. Saracatinib was administered at 175 mg by mouth daily for 28 day cycles until dose-limiting toxicity or progression as determined by staging every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was improvement in 4 month progression-free survival. Design of Thall, Simon, and Estey was used to monitor proportion of patients that were progression free at 4 months. The trial was opened with plan to enroll maximum of 35 patients, with futility assessment every 10 patients.RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were enrolled between January and November 2007. Further enrollment was stopped due to futility. Median progression-free survival was 7.9 weeks, with all 10 patients showing disease progression following radiographic imaging. Median overall survival was 13.5 months. All patients were deceased by time of analysis. Observed adverse events were notable for a higher than expected number of patients with grade 3 hypophosphatemia (n = 5).CONCLUSION: Saracatinib is a novel oral Src kinase inhibitor that was well tolerated but failed to meet its primary endpoint of improvement in 4 month progression-free survival as a single agent in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Benzodioxoles', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Quinazolines', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'src-Family Kinases']
| 26,062,928
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D03.383.246.118', 'D03.633.100.115'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E01.789.800.190', 'E05.318.740.998.300', 'N04.761.559.590.800.190', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.190', 'N05.715.360.750.795.300', 'N06.850.520.830.998.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['D03.633.100.786'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The response of hypoxic cells in SCCVII murine tumors to treatment with cisplatin and x rays.
|
Possible mechanisms of enhancement of radiation effects by cisplatin, including radiosensitization of hypoxic cells, drug-induced tumor reoxygenation, and inhibition of repair of sublethal radiation damage, were examined in the murine SCCVII model. Combination radiation/drug treatments were most effective when drug exposure preceded irradiation of animals breathing a reduced oxygen atmosphere, indicating that the primary interaction between the modalities was a cisplatin-induced increase in the oxygenation status of the acutely hypoxic cells in those tumors. Delivering cisplatin prior to or immediately after the first of two 5 Gy fractions was more effective than combinations with a single x-ray exposure, suggesting that proper sequences of the combined modalities may augment natural reoxygenation processes.
|
['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cisplatin', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 1,991,687
|
[['B01.050'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['G03.680'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Identification of aroma-active compounds in Jiashi muskmelon juice by GC-O-MS and OAV calculation.
|
To identify aromatic compounds in Jiashi melon juice, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) analysis was used. Odor activity values (OAVs) were also calculated on the basis of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile compounds. Results showed that 42 volatiles were identified, among which 4 compounds, namely, diethyl carbonate, isophorone, 2-butoxyethyl acetate, and menthol, were identified or tentatively identified for the first time as volatiles in melon fruit. Twelve compounds, namely, (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal, (3Z,6Z)-nona-3,6-dien-1-ol, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, (Z)-non-6-enal, (E)-2-nonenal, heptanal, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, nonanal, hexanal, and 2-methylpropyl acetate, were identified as the potent odorants of Jiashi melon juice by both OAV and detection frequency analysis (DFA). In addition, seven odorants were detected by all of the panelists and showed higher OAVs, indicating that DFA and OAV resulted in relatively similar "Jiashi" melon aroma patterns.
|
['Adult', 'Beverages', 'Cucumis melo', 'Female', 'Fruit', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Odorants', 'Smell', 'Volatile Organic Compounds']
| 22,497,266
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.188.444'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.640', 'N06.230.480'], ['F02.830.816.643', 'G11.561.790.643'], ['D02.974']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Left-Handed Metamaterial-Inspired Unit Cell for S-Band Glucose Sensing Application.
|
This paper presents an oval-shaped sensor design for the measurement of glucose concentration in aqueous solution. This unit cell sensing device is inspired by metamaterial properties and is analytically described for better parametric study. The mechanism of the sensor is a sensing layer with varying permittivity placed between two nozzle-shaped microstrip lines. Glucose aqueous solutions were characterized considering the water dielectric constant, from 55 to 87, and were identified with a transmission coefficient at 3.914 GHz optimal frequency with double negative (DNG) metamaterial properties. Consequently, the sensitivity of the sensor was estimated at 0.037 GHz/(30 mg/dL) glucose solution. The design and analysis of this sensor was performed using the finite integration technique (FIT)-based Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio simulation software. Additionally, parametric analysis of the sensing characteristics was conducted using experimental verification for the justification. The performance of the proposed sensor demonstrates the potential application scope for glucose level identification in aqueous solutions regarding qualitative analysis.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Computer Simulation', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Microwaves', 'Software', 'Water']
| 30,621,259
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.358.500.505.810.500', 'G01.750.250.810.500', 'G01.750.770.721.500'], ['L01.224.900'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
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|
Flowable materials as an intermediate layer could improve the marginal and internal adaptation of composite restorations in Class-V-cavities.
|
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of restorative systems in combination with flowable materials as an intermediate layer in Class-V-cavities.METHODS: Thirty Class-V-cavities with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin/cementum were prepared and randomly assigned to five groups. The following five restorative systems were used: compomer, composite E, flowable compomer/composite E, composite RF and flowable composite/composite RF. The flowable materials were added between the restorative composites and the cervical margins of the cavities. Marginal and internal adaptation were quantitatively evaluated before and after thermal (2,500 times between 5 and 55 degrees C) and mechanical load cycling (25,000 times 100 N) using standard SEM procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-Test. The morphology of the internal restorative interfaces was also evaluated.RESULTS: The present study revealed that the best marginal adaptation in dentin was attained with the compomer restoration (95.8% perfect margin). The marginal adaptation of composite restorative systems was improved by the use of a flowable compomer (45.5% vs. 68.2% perfect margin in dentin) or a flowable composite (46.7% vs. 80.7% perfect margin in dentin, p<0.05) as an intermediate layer. No differences were observed between the used materials for the parameter internal adaptation.SIGNIFICANCE: In Class-V-cavities compomers showed the best marginal adaptation and the marginal adaptation of composite fillings could be improved by the use of flowable materials as an intermediate layer.
|
['Compomers', 'Composite Resins', 'Dental Cavity Preparation', 'Dental Cementum', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Marginal Adaptation', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Restoration, Permanent', 'Dentin', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Methacrylates', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Polymethacrylic Acids', 'Rheology', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Temperature', 'Viscosity']
| 16,084,584
|
[['D05.750.716.822.308.300', 'D25.339.291.150', 'D25.339.816.500.300', 'D25.720.716.822.308.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.150', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500.300', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308.300'], ['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.931.325'], ['A14.549.167.646.267', 'A14.549.167.900.250'], ['A14.549.167.900.255'], ['E06.323.764', 'E06.658.224', 'E06.780.620'], ['D25.339', 'D27.720.102.339', 'J01.637.051.339'], ['E06.323.428', 'E06.780.346.737', 'E07.695.190.190'], ['A14.549.167.900.280'], ['D25.339.291.300', 'J01.637.051.339.291.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['D02.241.081.069.600'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D02.241.081.069.800', 'D05.750.716.822.111.650', 'D25.720.716.822.111.650', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111.650'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.374.835'], ['G02.860'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G02.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Relation of right ventricular mass and volume to functional health status in repaired tetralogy of Fallot.
|
After repair of tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular (RV) mass and mass:volume ratio may reflect RV remodeling and adverse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of RV mass to functional health status and subsequent adverse RV remodeling and to determine whether RV mass measurement in systole could improve reproducibility. In 53 patients with tetralogy of Fallot (median 29 years old) who previously underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance and completed the Short Form 36, version 2 (Optum, Eden Prairie, MN), short-axis images were analyzed for RV end-diastolic volume and diastolic and systolic mass, indexed to body surface area. The most recent subsequent cardiovascular magnetic resonance study (before pulmonary valve or conduit replacement) was evaluated for change in RV end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction. Diastolic indexed mass ?37.3 g/m(2) (odds ratio 7.6, p = 0.02) predicted decreased general health scores. In patients with normal RV ejection fraction, indexed mass correlated with Physical Component Summary and general health scores. RV diastolic mass:volume ratio >0.2 had a strong association with subsequent increase in RV end-diastolic volume (odds ratio 26.1, p = 0.002). Systolic RV mass measurement had excellent correlation with diastolic measurement (r = 0.97, p <0.0001), but did not improve intraobserver or interobserver variability. In conclusion, RV mass relates to functional health status and adverse RV remodeling and can be measured with good reproducibility. RV mass should be routinely evaluated in this population and is best measured in diastole; further study is necessary to evaluate longitudinal changes in functional health status and RV parameters.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiac Volume', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Health Status', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine', 'Male', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tetralogy of Fallot', 'Ventricular Function, Right', 'Young Adult']
| 25,438,919
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['G09.330.380.249'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['A07.541.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.510'], ['G09.330.580', 'G11.427.494.570'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C14.240.400.849', 'C14.280.400.849', 'C16.131.240.400.849'], ['G09.330.955.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Observations from a national multiple institution autotransfusion (ATS) quality indicator program.
|
A process to collect universal, mandatory autotransfusion (ATS) procedure quality indicators to measure and monitor ATS quality improvement was designed and implemented by Fresenius Medical Care Extracorporeal Alliance (FMCEA) an outsource provider of extracorporeal services. The indicator program collected and evaluated data that reflect real-world extracorporeal clinical practices and outcomes. The indicator reports provide our clinicians, client physicians, and partner institutions with confidential reports that allow comparison of their practice to evidenced-based performance standards. All ATS procedures reviewed were performed on non-open-heart surgery procedures (on pump or off pump), including vascular, thoracic, orthopedic, and general surgery. After continuous collection and analysis of the indicator data, a hospital is given a report with three components: 1) data analysis that reports summary results and benchmarks the hospital against the other reporting hospitals, 2) corrective action plan that allows the clinical manager to document their investigations and outline plans for continuous quality improvement; and 3) raw data tabulation that allows the clinical manager to identify individual cases that are outliers from the target goal to facilitate local chart reviews. This communication describes FMCEA's ATS Quality Indicator Program and presents the collective results for the first 13 months (January 2002--January 2003) of data collection. Physicians and ATS service client hospitals value the Quality Indicator Process Reports. ATS service managers use the reports and the subsequent process improvement to meet AaBB (American Association of Blood Banks) and JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations) standards and guidelines for providing safe patient-care services.
|
['Benchmarking', 'Blood Transfusion, Autologous', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Extracorporeal Circulation', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Program Evaluation', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Total Quality Management', 'United States']
| 15,334,756
|
[['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['E02.095.135.164'], ['E04.100.376', 'E04.928.220'], ['E04.292'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['N04.452.955', 'N04.761.700.675', 'N05.700.792'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Zearalenone-14-Sulfate, Zearalenone-14-Glucoside and Zearalenone-16-Glucoside Using Common Fungal Strains.
|
Zearalenone (ZEN) and its phase II sulfate and glucoside metabolites have been detected in food and feed commodities. After consumption, the conjugates can be hydrolyzed by the human intestinal microbiota leading to liberation of ZEN that implies an underestimation of the true ZEN exposure. To include ZEN conjugates in routine analysis, reliable standards are needed, which are currently not available. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop a facilitated biosynthesis of ZEN-14-sulfate, ZEN-14-glucoside and ZEN-16-glucoside. A metabolite screening was conducted by adding ZEN to liquid fungi cultures of known ZEN conjugating Aspergillus and Rhizopus strains. Cultivation conditions and ZEN incubation time were varied. All media samples were analyzed for metabolite formation by HPLC-MS/MS. In addition, a consecutive biosynthesis was developed by using Fusarium graminearum for ZEN biosynthesis with subsequent conjugation of the toxin by utilizing Aspergillus and Rhizopus species. ZEN-14-sulfate (yield: 49%) is exclusively formed by Aspergillus oryzae. ZEN-14-glucoside (yield: 67%) and ZEN-16-glucoside (yield: 39%) are formed by Rhizopus oryzae and Rhizopusoligosporus, respectively. Purities of ?73% ZEN-14-sulfate, ?82% ZEN-14-glucoside and ?50% ZEN-16-glucoside were obtained by ?H-NMR. In total, under optimized cultivation conditions, fungi can be easily utilized for a targeted and regioselective synthesis of ZEN conjugates.
|
['Aspergillus oryzae', 'Fusarium', 'Glucosides', 'Rhizopus', 'Sulfates', 'Zearalenone']
| 29,494,480
|
[['B01.300.381.081.500'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['D09.408.348'], ['B01.300.300.500.800'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.852.900', 'D02.540.950', 'D23.946.587.989']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prognostic indices for tumor relapse and tumor mortality in follicular thyroid carcinoma.
|
To establish an objective basis for therapeutic decisions and follow-up programs in patients with follicular thyroid cancer, the authors developed a prognostic scoring system. The prognostic impact of nine clinical, histologic, and therapeutic parameters was quantified retrospectively based on a multivariate analysis covering 149 patients. The relative relapse risk in follicular thyroid cancer (RR) was 6.8-fold increased in the presence of a moderate when compared with a high degree of histologic tumor differentiation. The RR rose with increasing age of the patient at time of tumor diagnosis by a factor of 1.8 per 20 years. The RR was reduced by a factor of 4.3 after the performance of a neck dissection and by a factor of 2.3 after percutaneous radiation therapy of the neck. The relative mortality risk in follicular thyroid cancer (RM) rose in the absence of a tumor capsule by a factor of 10, in the presence of a moderate compared with a high degree of histologic tumor differentiation by a factor of 5.9, in the presence of distant metastases by a factor of 3.2, and with increasing age of the patient at the time of tumor diagnosis by a factor of 2.2 per 20 years. From these data prognostic indices denoting the individual risk for tumor relapse (IRR index) and tumor mortality (IMR index) were calculated. The indices categorize patients into low-risk, medium-risk, or high-risk groups with regard to tumor relapse and tumor-related death. Consequently, the IRR and IMR indices contribute to select patients with follicular thyroid cancer who need an aggressive form of treatment and an intensive follow-up program. The indices may also be used for risk stratification in prospective therapy trials.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aging', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neck Dissection', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 2,004,304
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G07.345.124'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E04.446.318', 'E04.580.411'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHM8 gene encodes a soluble magnesium-dependent lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase.
|
Phosphate is the essential macronutrient required for the growth of all organisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphatases are up-regulated, and the level of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is drastically decreased under phosphate-starved conditions. The reduction in the LPA level is attributed to PHM8, a gene of unknown function. phm8Delta yeast showed a decreased LPA-hydrolyzing activity under phosphate-limiting conditions. Overexpression of PHM8 in yeast resulted in an increase in the LPA phosphatase activity in vivo. In vitro assays of the purified recombinant Phm8p revealed magnesium-dependent LPA phosphatase activity, with maximal activity at pH 6.5. The purified Phm8p did not hydrolyze any lipid phosphates other than LPA. In silico analysis suggest that Phm8p is a soluble protein with no transmembrane domain. Site-directed mutational studies revealed that aspartate residues in a DXDXT motif are important for the catalysis. These findings indicated that LPA plays a direct role in phosphate starvation. This is the first report of the identification and characterization of magnesium-dependent soluble LPA phosphatase.
|
['Amino Acid Motifs', 'Gene Deletion', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Hydrolysis', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Magnesium', 'Mutagenesis, Site-Directed', 'Phosphates', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins']
| 18,234,677
|
[['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.380'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['E05.393.420.601.575'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['D12.776.354.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autonomic neuropathy influences great toe blood pressure.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of autonomic neuropathy on toe blood pressure (TBP), a parameter used currently as an ischemic index.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The age-matched study subjects included 20 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with autonomic neuropathy (DN) and 10 NIDDM patients without autonomic neuropathy (D), assessed by standard cardiovascular tests and galvanic skin response, and 8 control subjects (C). None of the subjects had peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (ankle/brachial index 0.9-1.1.RESULTS: The TBP and toe/brachial index (TBI) were significantly lower in DN than in C and D (P < 0.01). The saturation index (SI), the ratio between foot venous and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), was significantly higher in DN than in C and D (P < 0.05). An inverse relationship was found between TBI and SI (r = 0.554, P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The autonomic nervous system directly influences peripheral circulation. In diabetic patients without PVD, a failure of sympathetic fibers caused by autonomic neuropathy could lead to a reduction of TBP. Therefore, TBP cannot be used as an ischemic index in diabetic patients.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Ankle', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous', 'Blood Pressure', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Neuropathies', 'Humans', 'Hypotension, Orthostatic', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Partial Pressure', 'Posture', 'Regression Analysis', 'Respiration', 'Systole', 'Thorax', 'Toes', 'Valsalva Maneuver']
| 8,026,283
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['A01.378.610.050'], ['A08.800.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.100.600.100', 'E01.370.370.380.600.100', 'E01.370.386.700.100.600.100', 'E05.200.124.100.100.600.100'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C18.452.394.750.149', 'C19.246.300'], ['C10.668.829.300', 'C19.246.099.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.177.575.600.450', 'C14.907.514.482'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['G01.374.715.714'], ['G11.427.695'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['G09.772.705'], ['G09.330.580.880', 'G11.427.494.570.880'], ['A01.923.761'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792'], ['E01.370.370.380.950', 'E01.370.386.700.950', 'G09.330.380.875', 'G09.772.910']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Complete amino acid sequence of Scytalidium lignicolum acid protease B.
|
The acid protease B (SLB) of Scytalidium lignicolum was reduced and carboxymethylated and then subjected to tryptic digestion. Five fragments were isolated and some of them were further digested with alpha-chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and dilute acetic acid. The sequence analysis of these fragments and the peptides by conventional methods established the complete amino acid sequence of SLB. The enzyme was composed of 204 amino acid residues with threonine and valine as its amino- and carboxyl-termini, respectively. Locations of three disulfide bridges were also established to be Cys47-126, Cys140-163, and Cys192-201 by enzymatic fragmentation of the denatured and unmodified SLB. Only a slight homology was found in the sequences of SLB and other acid proteases hitherto reported.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases', 'Chymotrypsin', 'Disulfides', 'Endopeptidases', 'Hydrolysis', 'Mitosporic Fungi', 'Peptide Fragments']
| 6,370,989
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.176', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.176'], ['D01.248.497.158.874.390', 'D01.875.350.850.150', 'D02.886.520.150'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['G02.380'], ['B01.300.381'], ['D12.644.541']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Dental caries rates in primary teeth in 2002, and caries surveillance trends 1981-2002, in a South African city.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in the prevalence and severity of dental caries in 2- to 5-year-old children.BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional surveys in 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997 and 2002.CLINICAL SETTING: Nursery schools in Germiston, South Africa.PARTICIPANTS: Dental caries was diagnosed by calibrated examiners using WHO criteria in 7,185 2- to 5-year-old children whose parents had given informed consent.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Caries prevalence (%), caries experience (dmft).RESULTS: Both caries prevalence and experience showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) fluctuations between study years from 1981 to 2002. A worry is an increase in rates between 1997 and 2002.CONCLUSION: There is a suggestion of a cyclical pattern to the caries rates observed.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'DMF Index', 'Dental Caries', 'Epidemiology', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prevalence', 'South Africa', 'Tooth, Deciduous']
| 18,637,318
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.350', 'E06.208.266', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.340', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.350', 'N06.890.160.100'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['H02.403.720.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['A14.549.167.860.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Human cytomegalovirus strain Towne pp28 gene: sequence comparison to pp28 of HCMV AD169 and stable expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
|
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) contains a 28-kDa (pp28) matrix phosphoprotein which has been shown to be highly immunogenic in humans. We have cloned and sequenced the gene encoding pp28 of HCMV Towne strain (pp28Towne) and have expressed this gene in stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines in order to examine the structural, functional, and antigenic properties of this protein. The pp28Towne gene had 99% nucleotide and 98.4% amino acid similarity to the pp28 gene of HCMV AD169 strain (pp28AD169). We identified three amino acid substitutions (Gly70 to Ser70, Ser76 to Asn76, and Thr85 to Ala85) in pp28Towne, all clustered in a short 16 amino acid stretch located in the N-terminal half of the protein. The pp28Towne gene was expressed in CHO cells using a vector in which transcription was driven by a human beta-actin promoter. The expressed protein, having an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of HCMV-derived pp28, reacted strongly in immunoblot analysis with pp28-specific murine monoclonal antibodies as well as HCMV-seropositive human sera.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Line', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cricetinae', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'DNA, Viral', 'Genes, Viral', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphoproteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Viral', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Solubility', 'Viral Proteins', 'Viral Structural Proteins']
| 1,653,497
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.393.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B04.280.382.150.150'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.875', 'G05.360.340.358.024.875', 'G05.360.340.358.840.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.744'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['G02.805'], ['D12.776.964'], ['D12.776.964.970']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Advanced tool for characterization of microbial cultures by combining cytomics and proteomics.
|
Flow cytometry approaches are applicable to recover sub-populations of microbial cultures in a purified form. To examine the characteristics of each sorted cell population, Omics technologies can be used for comprehensively monitoring cellular physiology, adaptation reactions, and regulated processes. In this study, we combined flow cytometry and gel-free proteomic analysis to investigate an artificial mixed bacterial culture consisting of Escherichia coli K-12 and Pseudomonas putida KT2440. Therefore, a filter-based device technique and an on-membrane digestion protocol were combined in conjunction with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. This combination enabled us to identify 903 proteins from sorted E. coli K-12 and 867 proteins from sorted P. putida KT2440 bacteria from only 5 x 10(6) cells of each. Comparative proteomic analysis of sorted and non-sorted samples was done to prove that sorting did not significantly influence the bacterial proteome profile. We further investigated the physicochemical properties, namely M (r), pI, hydropathicity, and transmembrane helices of the proteins covered. The on-membrane digestion protocol applied did not require conventional detergents or urea, but exhibited similar recovery of all protein classes as established protocols with non-sorted bacterial samples.
|
['Bacterial Load', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Cell Separation', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Escherichia coli K12', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Proteome', 'Proteomics', 'Pseudomonas putida']
| 20,676,634
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.115', 'E01.370.225.875.220.115', 'E05.200.875.150.115', 'E05.200.875.220.115', 'G06.099.100'], ['D12.776.097'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.360', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['E05.196.566'], ['D12.776.817'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.675', 'B03.660.250.580.590.580']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of nitric oxide synthase isoform deletion on oxytocin and vasopressin messenger RNA in mouse hypothalamus.
|
The effects of neuronal, endothelial, or inducible nitric oxide synthase gene disruption on the expression of oxytocin and vasopressin gene were examined in the hypothalamus (paraventricular, supraoptic, suprachiasmatic, and anterior commissural nuclei) and extrahypothalamus (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis). The oxytocin messenger RNA levels in the anterior commissural nucleus of neuronal nitric oxide synthase knockout mice were significantly higher than in control mice, but not in endothelial or inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. In contrast, no significant effects of neuronal, endothelial, or inducible nitric oxide synthase gene disruption on oxytocin and vasopressin messenger RNA levels in the other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei were observed. These results suggest that neuronal nitric-oxide-synthase-derived nitric oxide may be involved in the regulation of oxytocin gene expression in the anterior commissural nucleus.
|
['Animals', 'Gene Deletion', 'Hypothalamus', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I', 'Oxytocin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Vasopressins']
| 15,729,148
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['A08.186.211.180.497', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.776.631'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.249'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.433', 'D12.644.548.691.692.433'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A neuropathological, stereo-EEG, and MRI study of subcortical band heterotopia.
|
The authors performed an MRI, stereo-EEG, and pathology study on a woman with subcortical band heterotopia and partial epilepsy. Clinical manifestations of seizures always started when ictal discharges were present in outer and heterotopic cortices. Simultaneous activation of both cortices and presence of differentiated neurons in the white matter and the heterotopia strongly suggest that the cortices were anatomically and functionally interconnected.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Choristoma', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsies, Partial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging']
| 12,796,544
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['C23.300.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Elevated sleep arousal thresholds in enuretic boys: clinical implications.
|
Enuretic children are described as difficult to arouse from sleep. We studied auditory sleep arousal thresholds in enuretic boys and report on the clinical implications of these findings. Fifteen enuretic and 18 control subjects (7-12-year-old males) were studied in a sleep laboratory for four consecutive nights using standard polysomnographic recording techniques. Sleep was undisturbed for the initial two nights and waking thresholds were measured on the following two nights. Enuretic children wet most frequently in the first two-thirds of the night. Arousal attempts were successful 39.7% of the time in controls and only 9.3% of the time in enuretics. In conclusion, enuretic males were more difficult to arouse than age-matched controls. The elevated arousal thresholds may be due to delayed maturation. Treatment programmes that rely on awakening should be aware of these features.
|
['Arousal', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Enuresis', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Sleep Stages', 'Sleep Wake Disorders']
| 9,174,224
|
[['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C12.777.934.284', 'C13.351.968.934.252', 'F01.145.126.856', 'F03.388.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754'], ['C10.886', 'C23.888.592.796', 'F03.870']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Susceptibility of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) to entomopathogenic fungi.
|
The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) is one of the most serious pest of fruits in Syria and present all year round. This fly is active on different host plants, such as mango, peach, fig, apple, pear, and citrus. The number of generations per year varies with local temperatures and host plant. The objective of this research was: to evaluate the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on adults of C. capitata under laboratory conditions. Flies for experiments were obtained from a population reared in Laboratory conditions at 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 2% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 [L: D] h. Four concentrations (3 x 10(4), 3 x 10(5), 3 x 10(6), 3 x 10(7) conidia/ml) of Beauveria bassiano (Balsamo) and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) were tested on adults of C. capitata less than 3 days old. The flies were inoculated with spores by dipping them for 10-15 seconds in 10 ml of conidial suspension or water for control respectively. After that, flies were transferred to plastic cages with diet and water. There were 10 flies per cage and 4 replicates per concentration. Adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, C. copitata, were high susceptible. In case of B. bassiana 100% of flies were dead at 3 x 10(7) conidia/ml and 82.5% at 3 x 10(6) conidia/ml. For P. fumosoroseus the mortality of flies was 70% at 3 x 10(7) conidia/ml and 62.5% at 3 x 10(7) conidia/ml. However, in low levels of concentration (3 x 10(4) and 3 x 10(5) conidia/ml respectively) only 7.5% and 30% flies died. Mouldiness of the dead flies ranged from 77.5% to 72.5% for the two higher concentrations (3 x 10(7) and 3 x 10(6) conidia/mt) of B. bassiona and 52.5% for P. fumosoroseus at 3 x l0(7) conidia/ml. The fungal mycelium of both entomopathogenic fungi emerged through the soft parts of the exoskeleton, such as the wing bases, legs bases, head and membranous regions of the abdomen. In case of B. bassiana additional the ovipositor was mouldy.
|
['Animals', 'Ceratitis capitata', 'Fungi', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Paecilomyces', 'Pest Control, Biological', 'Pupa']
| 19,226,799
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.850.150'], ['B01.300'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['B01.300.381.640'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.650'], ['B05.500.700', 'G07.345.500.550.500.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF): selective triggering of TNF and interleukin-1 production by distinct glucosamine-derived lipids.
|
The isolated lipid A of Bordetella pertussis endotoxin (LipA) has been found to induce in vitro release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by murine macrophages, albeit much less efficiently than does the intact lipopolysaccharide. Synthetic analogs (monosaccharides M4 and M6) of both glucosamine units present in the LipA backbone induced production of TNF by peritoneal macrophages of Swiss mice. Macrophages from A/J mice gave higher responses than those from Swiss mice, while those of C3H/HeJ mice were unresponsive. Enhancement of TNF secretion was observed for all cells if they were pretreated with a calcium ionophore, and no otherwise inactive substance became active with cells thus treated. For synthetic monosaccharide derivatives, a phosphate group on O-4 was not required for, and a phosphate group on O-1 abolished, the TNF-inducing activity. Synthetic monosaccharides, chemically closely related to substructures recognized to be present in isolated lipid A preparations, could induce either TNF or interleukin-1 (IL-1) production, but not both simultaneously: the monosaccharides M4 and M6 were active TNF inducers, but did not initiate IL-1 production, while the monosaccharides M9 and lipid X efficiently elicited IL-1 production, but did not trigger TNF secretion. It should be noted, however, that the active synthetic compounds are considerably less efficient TNF inducers as is the intact B. pertussis endotoxin.
|
['Animals', 'Calcimycin', 'Endotoxins', 'Galactosamine', 'Glucosamine', 'Interleukin-1', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Phospholipids', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Virulence Factors, Bordetella']
| 3,135,943
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.221.173'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['D09.067.342.356'], ['D09.067.342.531'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['G12.287.500'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['D10.570.755'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['D23.946.123.946', 'D23.946.896.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The antishock pelvic clamp.
|
Unstable posterior pelvic ring disruptions are frequently accompanied by severe venous bleeding and hypotension. Mechanical stabilization has been shown to help reduce such blood loss. A new external fixator called an antishock clamp provides direct reduction and compression of such fracture-diastases about the sacroiliac joint. It is used acutely to rapidly stabilize the posterior pelvic ring in hypotensive patients. The simplicity of design allows the device to be applied in less than ten minutes in the emergency room. Most importantly, it does not interfere with the ability to carry out subsequent laparotomy or other required procedures. Although more clinical experience is needed, the clamp has provided hemodynamic stabilization accompanying fracture reduction. The device is not expected to be of benefit in the cases with significant bleeding of arterial origin.
|
['Adult', 'Emergencies', 'External Fixators', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pelvic Bones', 'Shock, Hemorrhagic']
| 2,044,295
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['E07.858.442.660.430', 'E07.858.690.725.430'], ['C26.404'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.825'], ['C23.550.414.980', 'C23.550.835.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Tokyo University series.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major indications for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Unlike in deceased donor liver transplantation, however, there exist no universally adopted selection criteria for the potential candidates with HCC in LDLT. Our institutional guideline for HCC in LDLT has been up to 5 nodules with a maximum diameter of 5 cm (5-5 rule).METHODS: A total of 78 adult patients underwent adult living donor liver transplantation at University of Tokyo between April 1996 and October 2005.RESULTS: Overall and recurrence-free survival at 5 years after transplantation were 75 and 90%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 2 years. When stratified by the 5-5 rule, recurrence-free survival at 3 years for patients fulfilling the criteria and those exceeding the criteria was 94 and 50%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: In LDLT, the indication for HCC might be expanded from the Milan criteria, with equivalent outcomes. Further study, however, is necessary to justify the general application of the 5-5 rule.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Patient Selection', 'Survival Analysis']
| 17,960,065
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.898.656'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.581.500.653', 'N04.590.731'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationships between transforming growth factor-beta1, myostatin, and decorin: implications for skeletal muscle fibrosis.
|
Recent studies have shown that myostatin, first identified as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, may also be involved in the formation of fibrosis within skeletal muscle. In this study, we further explored the potential role of myostatin in skeletal muscle fibrosis, as well as its interaction with both transforming growth factor-beta1 and decorin. We discovered that myostatin stimulated fibroblast proliferation in vitro and induced its differentiation into myofibroblasts. We further found that transforming growth factor-beta1 stimulated myostatin expression, and conversely, myostatin stimulated transforming growth factor-beta1 secretion in C2C12 myoblasts. Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, was found to neutralize the effects of myostatin in both fibroblasts and myoblasts. Moreover, decorin up-regulated the expression of follistatin, an antagonist of myostatin. The results of in vivo experiments showed that myostatin knock-out mice developed significantly less fibrosis and displayed better skeletal muscle regeneration when compared with wild-type mice at 2 and 4 weeks following gastrocnemius muscle laceration injury. In wild-type mice, we found that transforming growth factor-beta1 and myostatin co-localize in myofibers in the early stages of injury. Recombinant myostatin protein stimulated myofibers to express transforming growth factor-beta1 in skeletal muscles at early time points following injection. In summary, these findings define a fibrogenic property of myostatin and suggest the existence of co-regulatory relationships between transforming growth factor-beta1, myostatin, and decorin.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Decorin', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Female', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fibrosis', 'Follistatin', 'Mice', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Muscular Diseases', 'Myoblasts', 'Myostatin', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'Proteoglycans', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1']
| 17,597,062
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D09.698.735.700.750', 'D12.776.395.650.750.625', 'D12.776.395.650.875.500', 'D12.776.860.300.806.750'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['A11.329.228'], ['C23.550.355'], ['D12.776.157.247'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05.651', 'C10.668.491'], ['A11.872.620'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.925', 'D12.776.467.942.300.925', 'D23.529.942.300.925'], ['A11.251.210.100.550', 'A11.329.228.100.550'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Studies on the use of cultured cells in a bioassay for parathyroid hormone.
|
Measurement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important for diagnosing hyper- and hypoparathyroidism. The move to two-site immunometric assays that detect the whole molecule has improved the discrimination of these conditions but these assays may be too restrictive because some PTH fragments that are biologically active may not be detected. In addition, PTH-like peptide of malignancy, an important cause of malignancy-associated hypercalcaemia, is not detected by the two-site assays. Experiments were performed to set up a simple, robust and inexpensive bioassay for PTH, exploiting a kidney cell line and using cyclic AMP or an eluted stain assay as the end point. Of the 12 cell lines tested, an opossum kidney (WOK) cell line showed the most promise. Despite optimization of the procedure to include pre-treatment with dexamethasone, insulin and PTH, followed by incubation in the presence of 5'-guanylimidodiphosphate, isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and forskolin, the WOK cells showed insufficient sensitivity for use in a cultured cell bioassay for PTH in human serum. In addition, the cells were less sensitive to PTH-like peptide precluding their use for an assay for this molecule.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Cats', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cricetinae', 'Dogs', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Glioma', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Marsupialia', 'Mesocricetus', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Opossums', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Swine']
| 7,829,991
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380', 'C04.557.470.670.380', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.573.575'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
An improved assay for iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase in serum and its use in the detection of carriers of the Hunter syndrome.
|
A more sensitive assay procedure has been developed for the enzyme iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase which is deficient in the Hunter syndrome. The substrate is the same as previously described by Lim et al. [1], O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulphate)-(1leads to 4)-2,5 anhydro-D-[3H-1]mannitol 6-sulphate, but, after incubation, it is separated from the product by ion-exchange chromatography on a micro-column of Dowex 1 x 2 (Cl-1) instead of high voltage electrophoresis or ECTEOLA cellulose chromatography. Since the blank correction is then much smaller, a shorter incubation time can be used and conversion of the substrate reduced from approximately 50% down to levels where complications resulting from substrate depletion and product inhibition are minimal. Using whole serum the apparent Km for the substrate is 0.2 mmol/l. With an incubation time of 20 min, sera from heterozygotes exhibited approximately 35% of the normal levels of iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase (0.11-0.61, mean 0.34 nmol.h-1.mg-1 protein for carriers; 0.24-2.35, mean 0.94 nmol.h-1.mg-1 protein for 37 normal females). Serum analyses can thus be used to supplement those on hair roots in the detection of carriers of the Hunter syndrome.
|
['Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Hair', 'Homozygote', 'Humans', 'Iduronate Sulfatase', 'Kinetics', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis II', 'Sulfatases']
| 6,786,801
|
[['E05.196.181.400.383'], ['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['E01.370.225.562.250', 'E05.200.562.250', 'E05.393.435.250', 'N02.421.308.200', 'N02.421.726.233.221.250'], ['A17.360'], ['G05.380.554'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.827.500'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.750', 'C16.320.322.500.750', 'C16.320.400.525.750', 'C16.320.565.202.715.645', 'C16.320.565.595.600.645', 'C17.300.550.575.645', 'C18.452.648.202.715.645', 'C18.452.648.595.600.645'], ['D08.811.277.352.827']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Disc and condyle translation in patients with temporomandibular disorder.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate causal relationship between disc and condyle range of movement and clinical signs and symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).STUDY DESIGN: The subjects comprised of a study group of 191 patients with TMD and a control group of 43 asymptomatic patients. The clinical assessment consisted of range of maximum mouth opening (MMO) and preauricular pain during mandibular function. After clinical and radiographic findings assessment, disc and condyle condition were examined by MRI and the range of movement was accordingly classified.RESULTS: Disc displacement was observed in 156/191 (81.7%) of the study group and 9/43 (20.9%) of the control group. When disc and condyle mobility was presented around the eminence, wider MMO range was maintained, P < .05. Presence of osteoarthrosis (OA) was not correlated with preauricular pain, because OA variables were mild in the study group.CONCLUSION: Maintenance of disc/condyle translation is an important factor in TMJ function, irrespective of disc displacement or arthritis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Facial Pain', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Pain Measurement', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disc', 'Temporomandibular Joint Disorders']
| 15,829,887
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C23.888.592.612.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E01.370.600.550.324'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['A02.835.583.861.900', 'A14.907.900'], ['C05.500.607.221.897', 'C05.550.905', 'C05.651.243.897', 'C07.320.610.291.897', 'C07.678']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of sequential video shot comprehensibility on attentional synchrony: A comparison of children and adults.
|
To comprehend edited video, viewers must infer the meaning conveyed by successive video shots (i.e., continuous video segments separated by edit points, such as camera cuts). The central question here was whether comprehension-related top-down cognitive processes drive eye movements during sequential processing of video montage. Eye movements were recorded as 4 year olds and adults (n = 62) watched a video with the same constituent shots in either normal or random sequence. The key analyses compared eye movements to constituent shots when presented in normal order with those to the same shots presented in random order. The dependent variable was attentional synchrony or the extent to which viewers looked at the same location at the same time, indicating commonality of processing the video. This was calculated as the bivariate contour ellipse area within which points of gaze fell during each video frame. Results indicated that children were more scattered in their gaze locations than adults. Viewers became more similar to each other as normal vignettes unfolded over time; this was especially true in adults and possibly reflects a growing and shared understanding of the content. Conversely, adult attentional synchrony was reduced when watching random shot sequences. Thus, attentional synchrony during normal video viewing is driven not only by salient visual features, such as movement and areas of high contrast, but also, by the unfolding sequential comprehension of video montage, especially in adults. Differences between children and adults indicate that this top-down control of eye movements while watching video changes systematically over development.
|
['Adult', 'Attention', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comprehension', 'Female', 'Fixation, Ocular', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multimedia']
| 30,275,303
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F02.463.188.357'], ['G14.350.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.633', 'L01.178.820.090.633']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Multi-output Model with Box-Jenkins Operators of Quadratic Indices for Prediction of Malaria and Cancer Inhibitors Targeting Ubiquitin- Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Proteins.
|
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the primary degradation system of short-lived regulatory proteins. Cellular processes such as the cell cycle, signal transduction, gene expression, DNA repair and apoptosis are regulated by this UPP and dysfunctions in this system have important implications in the development of cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiac and other human pathologies. UPP seems also to be very important in the function of eukaryote cells of the human parasites like Plasmodium falciparum, the causal agent of the neglected disease Malaria. Hence, the UPP could be considered as an attractive target for the development of compounds with Anti-Malarial or Anti-cancer properties. Recent online databases like ChEMBL contains a larger quantity of information in terms of pharmacological assay protocols and compounds tested as UPP inhibitors under many different conditions. This large amount of data give new openings for the computer-aided identification of UPP inhibitors, but the intrinsic data diversity is an obstacle for the development of successful classifiers. To solve this problem here we used the Bob-Jenkins moving average operators and the atom-based quadratic molecular indices calculated with the software TOMOCOMD-CARDD (TC) to develop a quantitative model for the prediction of the multiple outputs in this complex dataset. Our multi-target model can predict results for drugs against 22 molecular or cellular targets of different organisms with accuracies above 70% in both training and validation sets.
|
['Antimalarials', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Pharmaceutical', 'Drug Discovery', 'Humans', 'Malaria', 'Molecular Targeted Therapy', 'Neoplasms', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Proteolysis', 'Ubiquitin']
| 26,427,384
|
[['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.400', 'L01.470.750.750.400'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['E02.319.574'], ['C04'], ['D05.500.562.500', 'D08.811.277.656.918', 'D08.811.600.730'], ['G02.111.720', 'G03.812'], ['D12.776.947.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitative power Doppler ultrasound measures of peripheral joint synovitis in poor prognosis early rheumatoid arthritis predict radiographic progression.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of quantitative vascular imaging by power Doppler US (PDUS) as a tool that can be used to stratify patient risk of joint damage in early seropositive RA while still biologic naive but on synthetic DMARD treatment.METHODS: Eighty-five patients with seropositive RA of <3 years duration had clinical, laboratory and imaging assessments at 0 and 12 months. Imaging assessments consisted of radiographs of the hands and feet, two-dimensional (2D) high-frequency and PDUS imaging of 10 MCP joints that were scored for erosions and vascularity and three-dimensional (3D) PDUS of MCP joints and wrists that were scored for vascularity.RESULTS: Severe deterioration on radiographs and ultrasonography was seen in 45 and 28% of patients, respectively. The 3D power Doppler volume and 2D vascularity scores were the most useful US predictors of deterioration. These variables were modelled in two equations that estimate structural damage over 12 months. The equations had a sensitivity of 63.2% and specificity of 80.9% for predicting radiographic structural damage and a sensitivity of 54.2% and specificity of 96.7% for predicting structural damage on ultrasonography.CONCLUSION: In seropositive early RA, quantitative vascular imaging by PDUS has clinical utility in predicting which patients will derive benefit from early use of biologic therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Male', 'Metacarpophalangeal Joint', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Synovitis', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'Young Adult']
| 26,316,580
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.329'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['A02.835.583.405.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C05.550.870'], ['E01.370.350.850.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A direct comparison between ERP and fMRI measurements of food-related inhibitory control: Implications for BMI status and dietary intake.
|
Obesity and maintaining a healthy diet have important implications for physical and mental health. One factor that may influence diet and obesity is inhibitory control. We tested how N2 and P3 amplitude, event-related potential (ERP) components that reflect inhibitory control, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity in brain regions associated with inhibitory control differed toward high- and low-calorie food stimuli across BMI status. We also assessed the relationship between neural indices of food-related inhibitory control and laboratory and daily food intake. Fifty-four individuals (17 normal-weight; 18 overweight; 19 individuals with obesity) completed two food-based go/no-go tasks (one with high- and one with low-calorie foods as no-go stimuli), once during ERP data acquisition and once during fMRI data acquisition. After testing, participants were presented with an ad libitum weighed food buffet. Participants also recorded their food intake using the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Recall (ASA24) system across four days. Individuals recruited more inhibitory control when withholding responses towards high-compared to low-calorie foods, although this effect was more consistent for N2 than P3 or fMRI assessments. BMI status did not influence food-related inhibitory control. A larger inhibitory response as measured by N2 amplitude was related to increased ASA24 food intake; P3 amplitude and fMRI region of interest activity did not predict ASA24 intake; neither method predicted food intake from the buffet. ERP and fMRI measurements show similar neural responses to food, although N2 amplitude may be somewhat more sensitive in detecting differences between food types and predicting self-reports of food intake.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Eating', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Executive Function', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Food', 'Functional Neuroimaging', 'Humans', 'Inhibition, Psychological', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Young Adult']
| 29,113,942
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['F02.463.217'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['G07.203.300', 'J02.500'], ['E01.370.350.578.875', 'E01.370.376.537.625', 'E05.629.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.544', 'F02.463.425.475', 'F02.739.794.405'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['C23.888.144.699', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Understanding the magnitude of still birth in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital.
|
To understand the incidence and causes of still-births occurred in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, we conducted a retrospective record review study in Department of Gynaecology of the hospital. The study population were the cases of still births occurred the months of January and December 2007. We administered a structured questionnaire to all the Medical Officers working in the department. They were requested to provide information on the still-births they noticed during the study period. They review their personal log books and hospital records to complete the questionnaire. We also reviewed the hospital records to obtain the service statistics. In total 11,146 patients were admitted to seek obstetric care during the study period and of them 7,069(63%) sought delivery care. During this period there were 735(10%) still births. The incidences of still births were more during December and January. The pre-existing maternal diseases that were frequently associated with still births were Antepartum Haemorrhage (APH) 38% and hypertension (27%). The frequently reported direct causes of the still births were obstructed labour (42%), misuse of oxytocin (28%) and foetal distress (20%). In many cases the loss is completely unexpected. Hospital based surveillance and issuing of still-birth certificates may increase the awareness of the problem among the obstetricians and in the community.
|
['Bangladesh', 'Cause of Death', 'Female', 'Fetal Distress', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Obstetric Labor Complications', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Seasons', 'Stillbirth']
| 20,639,823
|
[['Z01.252.245.131'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['C23.888.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C13.703.420'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['C13.703.223.650', 'C23.550.260.585.630', 'G08.686.784.769.496.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Open tongue-type calcaneus fracture with a partial posteromedial subtalar dislocation.
|
Calcaneus fractures with a subtalar dislocation are extremely rare. A case of a tongue-type calcaneus fracture with a posteromedial dislocation of the calcaneal posterior facet and tuberosity is presented. Treatment included lag screw fixation to maintain the reduction without further soft-tissue trauma.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Bone Screws', 'Calcaneus', 'Debridement', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation', 'Fractures, Open', 'Humans', 'Joint Dislocations', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography']
| 10,955,468
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.710.300'], ['E04.176'], ['E04.555.300'], ['C26.404.311'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.518', 'C26.289'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sex hormones selectively impact the endocervical mucosal microenvironment: implications for HIV transmission.
|
Several studies suggest that progesterone and estrogens may affect HIV transmission in different, possibly opposing ways. Nonetheless, a direct comparison of their effects on the mucosal immune system has never been done. We hypothesize that sex hormones might impact the availability of cells and immune factors important in early stages of mucosal transmission, and, in doing so influence the risk of HIV acquisition. To test this hypothesis, we employed 15 ovarectomized rhesus macaques: 5 were treated with Depot Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA), 6 with 17-â estradiol (E2) and 4 were left untreated. All animals were euthanized 5 weeks after the initiation of hormone treatment, a time post-DMPA injection associated with high susceptibility to SIV infection. We found that DMPA-treated macaques exhibited higher expression of integrin á4â7 (á4â7) on CD4+ T cells, the gut homing receptor and a marker of cells highly susceptible to HIV, in the endocervix than did the E2-treated animals. In contrast, the frequency of CCR5+ CD4+ T cells in DMPA-treated macaques was higher than in the E2-treated group in vaginal tissue, but lower in endocervix. á4â7 expression on dendritic cells (DCs) was higher in the DMPA-treated group in the endocervical tissue, but lower in vaginal tissue and on blood DCs compared with the E2-treated animals. Soluble MAdCAM-1, the á4â7 ligand, was present in the vaginal fluids of the control and E2-treated groups, but absent in the fluids from DMPA-treated animals. Both hormones modulated the expression and release of inflammatory factors and modified the distribution of sialomucins in the endocervix. In summary, we found that sex hormones profoundly impact mucosal immune factors that are directly implicated in HIV transmission. The effect is particularly significant in the endocervix. This may increase our understanding of the potential hormone-driven modulation of HIV susceptibility and potentially guide contraceptive policies in high-risk settings.
|
['Animals', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Chemokine CCL21', 'Chemokine CCL4', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'HIV Infections', 'Integrin alpha4', 'Integrin beta Chains', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Medroxyprogesterone Acetate', 'Mucins', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Receptors, CCR5']
| 24,830,732
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.890', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.890', 'D23.125.300.110.890', 'D23.469.200.110.890', 'D23.529.374.200.110.890'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.200', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.200', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.200', 'D23.125.300.110.200', 'D23.125.300.600.750', 'D23.469.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.110.200', 'D23.529.374.200.600.200'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['G05.297'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.450'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829.395.700.500'], ['D12.776.395.560.631'], ['A10.615.550'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125.150.500', 'D12.776.543.750.830.700.605']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Funding issues and options for pharmacists providing sessional services to rural hospitals in Australia.
|
OBJECTIVE: Many of Australia' s rural hospitals operate without an on-site pharmacist. In some, community pharmacists have sessional contracts to provide medication management services to inpatients. This paper discusses the funding arrangements of identified sessional employment models to raise awareness of options for other rural hospitals.METHODS: Semistructured one-on-one interviews were conducted with rural pharmacists with experience in a sessional employment role (n =8) or who were seeking sessional arrangements (n = 4). Participants were identified via publicity and referrals. Interviews were conducted via telephone or Skype for ~40-55 min each, recorded and analysed descriptively.RESULTS: A shortage of state funding and reliance on federal funding was reported. Pharmacists accredited to provide medication reviews claimed remuneration via these federal schemes; however, restrictive criteria limited their scope of services. Funds pooling to subsidise remuneration for the pharmacists was evident and arrangements with local community pharmacies provided business frameworks to support sessional services.CONCLUSION: Participants were unaware of each other's models of practice, highlighting the need to share information and these findings. Several similarities existed, namely, pooling funds and use of federal medication review remuneration. Findings highlighted the need for a stable remuneration pathway and business model to enable wider implementation of sessional pharmacist models.
|
['Australia', 'Employment', 'Female', 'Health Services Accessibility', 'Hospitals, Rural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pharmacists', 'Qualitative Research']
| 25,556,894
|
[['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['N01.824.245'], ['N04.590.374.350', 'N05.300.430'], ['N02.278.421.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['H01.770.644.241.850']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of aluminum ions in surface water samples using different analytical techniques.
|
A separation/preconcentration of aluminum (III) (Al(3+)) has been developed to overcome the problem of high matrix species, which may interfere with the determination of trace quantity of Al(3+) in natural water samples. The separation of Al(3+) in water samples was carried out from interfering cations by complexing them with 2-methyle 8-hyroxyquinoline (quinaldine) on activated silica. Whereas the separated trace amounts of Al(3+) was preconcentrated by cloud point extraction (CPE), as prior step to its determination by spectrofluorimetry (SPF) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The Al(3+) react with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) and then entrapped in non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. The main factors affecting CPE efficiency, such as pH of sample solution, concentration of oxine and Triton X-114, equilibration temperature and time period for shaking were investigated in detail. The validity of separation/preconcentration of Al(3+) was checked by certified reference material of water (SRM-1643e). After optimization of the complexation and extraction conditions, a preconcentration factor of 20 was obtained for Al(3+) in 10 mL of natural water samples. The relative standard deviation for 6 replicates containing 100 microg L(-1) of Al(3+) was 5.41 and 4.53% for SPF and FAAS, respectively. The proposed method has been applied for determination of trace amount of Al(3+) in natural water samples with satisfactory results.
|
['Adsorption', 'Aluminum', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fresh Water', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Octoxynol', 'Oxyquinoline', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Quinaldines', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Solid Phase Extraction', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Atomic', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 19,782,206
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['D03.633.100.810.350.625'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D03.633.100.810.637'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.196.155.800'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.551', 'E05.196.867.826.551'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cow-related risk factors for milk leakage.
|
Milk leakage in dairy cows is a symptom of impaired teat sphincter function. Milk leakage is related to an increased risk of mastitis in heifers and cows, and causes hygiene problems. The aim of our study was to assess whether teat shape, condition of teat orifice, and peak milk flow rate are risk factors for milk leakage. We conducted a longitudinal observational study in 15 German dairy farms in which cows were maintained in loose housing. The farms were visited monthly at 2 consecutive milkings. During the evening milking, milk flow curves were measured with the LactoCorder. Milk leakage was recorded during the subsequent morning milking, when cows entered the milking parlor. Immediately after detachment of the milking cluster, teat shape, teat end shape, and condition of the teat orifice of cows were assessed between 9 and 100 d in milk (DIM) and during late lactation (>250 DIM). Data from 1600 cows were analyzed. Milk leakage was treated as the binary response variable in a logistic regression model with herd as a random effect. Primiparous cows with high peak milk flow and teat canal protrusion were at greater risk of milk leakage. High peak milk flow rate, short teats, teat canal protrusion, inverted teat ends, and early lactation increased the risk of milk leakage in multiparous cows. Random herd effects accounted for only 10% of the total variation, indicating that the impact of management or other herd-level factors on the occurrence of milk leakage is virtually negligible for practical purposes.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Lactation', 'Logistic Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mastitis, Bovine', 'Risk Factors']
| 15,591,375
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['G08.686.523', 'G08.686.702.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['C22.196.581'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Ontogeny of secretory immunity: levels of secretory IgA and natural antibodies in saliva.
|
In 187 healthy subjects from 2 months to 27 years of age, secretory IgA and free secretory component were assayed in samples of whole saliva obtained before and after stimulation with lemon juice. Antibody titers against Escherichia coli O antigens and against rabbit erythrocytes were also dosed in unstimulated saliva. Secretory IgA, undetectable in newborns, was present in all 2-month-olds tested in both unstimulated and stimulated saliva; thereafter secretory IgA levels increased progressively, reaching adult values by 6 to 8 years in unstimulated saliva and already by 2 to 4 years in stimulated saliva. The antibody titers assessed in unstimulated saliva followed a similar pattern also reaching adult values by 6 to 8 years. On the other hand, free secretory component levels showed no significant variation with age in unstimulated saliva whereas a slight increase was observed in the first year of life in stimulated saliva.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Erythrocytes', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin A, Secretory', 'Infant', 'Saliva', 'Secretory Component']
| 7,008,011
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026.030', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026.030', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026.030'], ['M01.060.703'], ['A12.200.666'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.124.486.485.705.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.705.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026.030.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.705.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Membrane permeation of testosterone from either solutions, particle dispersions, or particle-stabilized emulsions.
|
We derive a unified model that accounts for the variation in extent and rate of membrane permeation by a permeating species with the type of donor compartment formulation (aqueous and oil solutions, particle dispersions, and oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions stabilized by particles) initially containing the permeant. The model is also applicable to either closed-loop or open-flow configurations of the receiver compartment of the permeation cell. Predictions of the model are compared with measured extents and rates of permeation of testosterone across an 80 ìm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane from donor compartments initially containing testosterone dissolved in either aqueous or isopropylmyristate (IPM) solutions, aqueous or IPM dispersions of silica nanoparticles or IPM-in-water or water-in-IPM emulsions stabilized by silica nanoparticles. Using a single set of input parameters, the model successfully accounts for the wide variations in permeation behavior observed for the different donor formulation types with either closed-loop or open flow configurations of the permeation cell receiver compartment.
|
['Dimethylpolysiloxanes', 'Emulsions', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Myristates', 'Particle Size', 'Solubility', 'Solutions', 'Surface Properties', 'Testosterone', 'Water']
| 22,224,415
|
[['D02.756.650.700.150', 'D05.750.900.850.150', 'D25.720.900.850.150', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.150'], ['D20.280.260', 'D26.255.165.260'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['D10.251.640.610'], ['G02.712'], ['G02.805'], ['D26.776'], ['G02.860'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Gemmobacter intermedius sp. nov., isolated from a white stork (Ciconia ciconia).
|
A cream-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod- to irregular shaped bacterium, strain 119/4(T), was isolated from a choana swab of a white stork nestling on sheep blood agar. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and subsequent comparisons showed that it was a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae, showing 94.9 % similarity to the type strain of Gemmobacter tilapiae and 94.6 % similarity to that of Gemmobacter nectariphilus, but also similarly low sequence similarity to the type strains of Rhodobacter viridis (94.8 %), Rhodobacter veldkampii (94.6 %) and Paenirhodobacter enshiensis (94.6 %). Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees showed that strain 119/4(T) clustered close to species of the genus Gemmobacter. The quinone system contained high amounts of ubiquinone Q-10 with traces of Q-8, Q-9 and Q-11, and the fatty acid profile consisted mainly of C18 : 1ù7c, C16 : 1ù7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and C10 : 0 3-OH. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phoshatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain 119/4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gemmobacter, for which the name Gemmobacter intermedius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 119/4(T) ( = CIP 110795(T) = LMG 28215(T) = CCM 8510(T)).
|
['Animals', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Base Composition', 'Birds', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Fatty Acids', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Poland', 'Putrescine', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Rhodobacteraceae', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Spermidine', 'Ubiquinone']
| 25,479,954
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['G02.111.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D10.251'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['D02.092.211.415.701', 'D02.092.782.258.784'], ['D13.444.735.686.670'], ['B03.660.050.750'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Phosphoester hydrolysis by cerium(IV)-thiacalix[4]arene complexes and its application to immunoassay.
|
Thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate was treated with Ce(IV) in water at pH 9.5 to give novel phosphoester-hydrolyzing complexes. The dinuclear Ce(IV) complex promoted the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate with a turnover frequency of 6.8 h(-1) at 50 degrees C, showing fourfold higher activity than the mononuclear complex. The dinuclear complex was readily immobilized onto an antibody by simply mixing them in water, hence its phosphatase-like activity was applied to the color-developing reaction in immunoassay. The model assay using an antibody labeled with the dinuclear complex allowed the detection of as little as 10 ng mL(-1) of a tumor marker, Bence-Jones protein, in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Analysis of urine for Bence-Jones protein was performed by the proposed method.
|
['Animals', 'Bence Jones Protein', 'Calibration', 'Calixarenes', 'Catalysis', 'Esters', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immunoassay', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nitrophenols', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Organophosphorus Compounds', 'Rabbits']
| 19,404,618
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.900.120', 'D12.776.124.790.651.900.120', 'D12.776.377.715.548.900.120'], ['E05.978.155'], ['D04.345.025'], ['G02.130'], ['D02.241.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.566', 'D02.640.743'], ['D02.691'], ['D02.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epigenomic differentiation in mouse preimplantation nuclei of biparental, parthenote and cloned embryos.
|
Chromosomes, sub-chromosomal regions and genes are repositioned during cell differentiation to acquire a cell-type-specific spatial organization. The constraints that are responsible for this cell-type-specific spatial genome positioning are unknown. In this study we addressed the question of whether epigenetic genome modifications may represent constraints to the acquisition of a specific nuclear organization. The organization of kinetochores, pericentric heterochromatin and the nucleolus was analysed in pre-implantation mouse embryos obtained by in-vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenetic activation (P) and nuclear transfer (NT) of differentiated somatic nuclei, which possess different epigenomes. Each stage of pre-implantation embryonic development is characterized by a stage-specific spatial organization of nucleoli, kinetochores and pericentric heterochromatin. Despite differences in the frequencies and the time-course of nuclear architecture reprogramming events, by the eight-cell stage P and NT embryos achieved the same distinct nuclear organization in the majority of embryos as observed for IVF embryos. At this stage the gametic or somatic nuclear architecture of IVF or P and NT embryos, respectively, is replaced by a common embryonic nuclear architecture. This finding suggests that the epigenome of the three types of embryos partially acts as a constraint of the nuclear organization of the three nuclear subcompartments analysed.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Nucleus Structures', 'Cloning, Organism', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Genomics', 'Mice', 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques', 'Parthenogenesis', 'Reproductive Techniques']
| 17,447,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.106.279'], ['E05.393.240', 'E05.820.180'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A16.254'], ['G05.308.203'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.200.500.380.500', 'E05.393.085.500', 'E05.820.540'], ['G08.686.784.830.500', 'G15.547'], ['E02.875', 'E05.820']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
CD40 ligand+ microparticles from human atherosclerotic plaques stimulate endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis a potential mechanism for intraplaque neovascularization.
|
OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to demonstrate that microparticles (MPs) are the endogenous signal leading to neovessel formation through CD40 ligation in human atherosclerotic plaques.BACKGROUND: Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques prone to rupture are characterized by an increased number of vasa vasorum and frequent intraplaque hemorrhage. Although inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, or CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) are possible candidates, the mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque neovascularization remains unknown. Atherosclerotic plaques contain large amounts of membrane-shed submicron MPs released after cell activation or apoptosis.METHODS: Microparticles were isolated from endarterectomy specimens surgically obtained from 26 patients and characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure and specific markers of cellular origin.RESULTS: Plaque MPs increased both endothelial proliferation assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation and cell number and stimulated in vivo angiogenesis in Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Diego, California) assays performed in wild-type and BalbC/Nude mice, whereas circulating MPs had no effect. Microparticles from symptomatic patients expressed more CD40L and were more potent in inducing endothelial proliferation, when compared with asymptomatic plaque MPs. Most of CD40L+ MPs (93%) isolated from human plaques were of macrophage origin. Microparticle-induced endothelial proliferation was impaired by CD40L or CD40-neutralizing antibodies and abolished after endothelial CD40-ribonucleic acid silencing. In addition, the proangiogenic effect of plaque MPs was abolished in Matrigel assays performed in the presence of CD40L-neutralizing antibodies or in CD40-deficient mice.CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that MPs isolated from human atherosclerotic lesions express CD40L, stimulate endothelial cell proliferation after CD40 ligation, and promote in vivo angiogenesis. Therefore, MPs could represent a major determinant of intraplaque neovascularization and plaque vulnerability.
|
['Aged', 'Apoptosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Culture Media', 'Endarterectomy', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Particle Size', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,929,241
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.124', 'D12.776.395.550.185', 'D12.776.467.374.750.124', 'D12.776.543.550.198', 'D23.529.374.750.124'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E04.100.814.456'], ['A07.015.700.500', 'A10.272.491.355'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['G02.712'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Importance of inhaler device use status in the control of asthma in adults: the asthma inhaler treatment study.
|
BACKGROUND: Proper education and training in correct inhalation technique has been reported to have a substantial role in the achievement of optimal therapeutic benefit and asthma control. The present study was designed to evaluate inhaler technique and the role of education in relation to asthma control among patients with persistent asthma in Turkey.METHODS: A total of 572 patients with persistent asthma (mean ± SD age 42.7 ± 12.2 y, 76% females) were included in this non-interventional, observational, registry study conducted across Turkey. Data on the effective and correct use of inhaler devices were collected via the Ease of Use for the Inhaler Device Questionnaire to patients and physicians.RESULTS: Asthma control (overall 61.5% at baseline, and increased to 87.3% during follow-up) was better, with significant improvement in technique and decrease in basic errors to the range 0-1, regardless of the inhaler type. Overall, the most common basic error associated with inhalation maneuvers was failure to exhale before inhaling through the device (18.9%). There was concordance between the patients and physicians in the ratio of correct inhaler technique only for spray-type inhalers.CONCLUSIONS: Close follow-up with repeated checking of the patient's inhaler technique and correction of errors each time by a physician seem to be associated with a significant decrease in the percent of patients who make basic errors in inhalation maneuvers and device-independent errors, and with better control of persistent asthma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Asthmatic Agents', 'Asthma', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nebulizers and Vaporizers', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Turkey', 'Young Adult']
| 23,882,109
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.796.050'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.605'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 1
|
Steam heat with an EDTA buffer and protease digestion optimizes immunohistochemical expression of basal cell-specific antikeratin 34betaE12 to discriminate cancer in prostatic epithelium.
|
In select cases of prostatic carcinoma, antikeratin 34betaE12 immunohistochemical analysis is diagnostically useful for specific labeling of basal cells. This antibody, however, is prone to variability in staining, and the optimal conditions were not, to our knowledge, previously defined. We combined steam heat with EDTA buffer (steam-EDTA) and protease digestion (steam-EDTA + protease) to optimize epitope retrieval of antikeratin 34betaE12 in 42 cases of prostatic cancer. Results were judged by the percentage of cells staining and by staining intensity. In benign epithelium, steam-EDTA + protease significantly increased the percentage of immunoreactive cells (from 74 to 93%) and the intensity of staining (from 2.1 to 3.0 on a scale of 0-3+) by comparison with protease alone (all P<.001). In high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, the percentage of cells staining increased from 55 to 73% and intensity increased from 1.7 to 2.8 (both P<.001). Steam-EDTA + protease also minimized variability in results between cases, with essentially no background stromal staining. Cancer was negative in all of our cases by both methods. We conclude that steam-EDTA + protease significantly enhances basal cell immunoreactivity compared with protease treatment alone in noncancerous prostatic epithelium. This helps to prevent misinterpretation of histologic mimics of cancer, such as atrophic acini and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, that result from false-negative staining.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Buffers', 'Edetic Acid', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Keratins', 'Male', 'Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Steam']
| 9,950,154
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D27.720.470.280'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.250', 'D02.241.081.018.253'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['D01.045.250.875.800', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.800', 'D01.650.550.925.800', 'G16.500.887', 'N06.230.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Unhealthy alcohol use in primary care patients who screen positive for drug use.
|
BACKGROUND: Unhealthy alcohol use (UAU) is common among people who use other drugs; however, little information is available about UAU among patients who screen positive for drugs in primary care, where the clinical priority might be assumed to be drug use. This study aimed at describing the occurrence of UAU and its association with substance use-related outcomes in such patients.METHODS: This cohort study is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of brief intervention for primary care patients screening positive for drug use. UAU was assessed at baseline; the main independent variable was any heavy drinking day in the past month. Outcomes including drug use characteristics and substance use-related consequences were assessed at baseline and 6 months later.RESULTS: Of 589 primary care patients with drug use, 48% had at least 1 past-month heavy drinking day. The self-identified main drug was marijuana for 64%, cocaine for 18%, and an opioid for 16%. Any heavy drinking at baseline was negatively associated with number of days use of the main drug at 6 months (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.91), but positively associated with the use of more than 1 drug (IRR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.17-2.55) and unsafe sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.21-2.98).CONCLUSION: Unhealthy alcohol use is common among patients identified by screening in primary care as using other drugs. Unexpectedly, UAU was negatively associated with days of main drug use. But, as expected, it was positively associated with other drug use characteristics and substance use-related consequences. These findings suggest that attention should be given to alcohol use among primary care patients who use other drugs.
|
['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Primary Health Care', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Substance Abuse Detection', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'United States', 'Young Adult']
| 27,482,999
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.885', 'N06.850.780.500.765'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Epiregulin binds to epidermal growth factor receptor and ErbB-4 and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB-2, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4.
|
Epiregulin is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, and has certain characteristics that are different from that of EGF, including mitogenic responses and binding to EGF receptor (EGFR). Epiregulin may also have another cell surface receptor and/or induces different receptor heterodimerizations for intracellular signaling. We investigated the binding ability of epiregulin to four ErbB family receptors using four human breast carcinoma cell lines that expressed different subsets of receptors. Chemical cross-linking experiments showed that [125I]epiregulin directly bound to each of EGFR and ErbB-4 but not to ErbB-2 and ErbB-3. Furthermore, although epiregulin stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of all four ErbB receptors, the main intracellular signal was mediated by ErbB-4 and/or EGFR. The pattern of activation of ErbB family receptors was different from that of other EGF-related ligands. Our findings indicate that ErbB-4 and EGFR are receptors for epiregulin, and suggest that EGF-related ligands transduce signals for different biological responses by the hierarchical mechanism.
|
['3T3 Cells', 'Animals', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Epiregulin', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptor, ErbB-3', 'Receptor, ErbB-4', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Tyrosine']
| 9,419,975
|
[['A11.251.210.100', 'A11.329.228.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['D12.644.276.382.562', 'D12.776.467.382.562', 'D23.529.382.562'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.500', 'D12.776.624.664.700.790', 'D23.101.140.721'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.600', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.600', 'D12.776.624.664.700.791', 'D23.101.140.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Results and perspectives of the treatment of skeletal neoplasms.
|
Improvements in the therapy of skeletal neoplasms at the end of the 20th century are the reason for a retrospective view on the development of the therapy of skeletal neoplasms, especially in the Slovak Republic. Up to the sixties years of the 20th century was amputation the imperative in the surgical treatment of malignant tumors, above all tumors of the extremities. Then chemotherapy was introduced into the treatment of these tumors, in Slovak Republic it was later. Bone transplantations were widely used in the 70 and 80 years of 20th century. Autotransplantations of bone grafts were used at the Orthopaedic department in Bratislava already in the year 1953, but low number of appropriate grafts limited their use in clinical practice. In the 70 and 80 years development of bone banks was observed. Results of the treatment of malignant diseases with this technique are considered poor. Only few patients survived more than 5 years after the surgery, mainly due to inappropriate techniques of detection, localization and determination of the size of the tumor. Biopsy played above all at this time an important role in the diagnostics of bone tumors. Apart from basic examinations of the fixed material, processed after it was imbedded in particular medium, perioperative biopsy is recently being performed with the technique of frozen sections from unfixed tissue obtained during the surgery. This type of material processing prolongs the period from obtaining the material till making the diagnosis, but the advantages of this type of examination are undoubted. (Ref. 17.).
|
['Bone Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Slovakia']
| 12,583,509
|
[['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.797']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced alterations in metaphase II mouse oocyte spindle structure.
|
OBJECTIVE(S): To examine the effect of exogenous exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on mouse metaphase II (MII) oocyte spindle structure and to examine the potential benefits of supplementing the culture media with vitamin C.DESIGN: Prospective study.SETTING: Research laboratory in a tertiary hospital.INTERVENTION(S): None.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Microtubule changes and alterations in chromosomal alignment.RESULT(S): Both concentration- and time-dependent alterations were seen in spindle structure after exposure to H(2)O(2). An H(2)O(2) concentration as low as 12.5 microM increased the odds of an oocyte with altered microtubule and chromosome alignment (score >or=3) by 93%. Significantly increased damage was seen with increasing period of incubation. Higher scores were seen after exposure to both TNF-alpha alone and in combination with H(2)O(2) compared with controls. Changes in chromosomal alignment were comparable among the three groups. Oocytes coincubated with H(2)O(2) and vitamin C at 200 microM demonstrated less damage compared with those with H(2)O(2) alone.CONCLUSION(S): Oxidative stress results in concentration and time-dependent alterations in the spindle structure and augments the effects induced by TNF-alpha. Proper oocyte handling in vitro may help reduce oxidative insult, thus improving the oocyte quality. Antioxidants may have a protective effect and need to be further evaluated.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Metaphase', 'Mice', 'Oocytes', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Prospective Studies', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 17,601,599
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.820'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
In vitro evaluation of protein degradability in the rumen and digestibility of undegraded protein.
|
A three-phase laboratory procedure suitable for predicting protein degradability in the rumen and digestibility of undegraded protein is reported. In the first phase the feed was incubated with starch and buffered rumen fluid. In the incubation mixture the viability of protease-active bacteria was checked by anaerobic culturing, whereas changes in protease activity were monitored by azocasein degradation. In the second and third phase rumen undegradable protein (UDP) was digested with pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. The measurements showed that 63.2, 5.2 and 4.7% of the crude protein of green lucerne was decomposed by rumen fluid, pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. Degradability of the crude protein of extracted sunflower meal was 68.3, 17.7 and 5.5% in the three phases, respectively. Repeated determination yielded crude protein degradabilities of 66.7, 27.1 and 5.1% for the three phases, respectively.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Bacteria', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Digestion', 'Male', 'Rumen', 'Ruminants', 'Sheep']
| 2,626,994
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B03'], ['D12.776.256', 'G07.203.300.428', 'J02.500.428'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['A13.869.804'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycopeptide tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus.
|
Treatment failures with vancomycin prompted us to investigate the phenomenon of tolerance to glycopeptides in recent clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We used both MBC/MIC determinations and time-kill measurements to study tolerance to vancomycin and teicoplanin in 35 blood or heart valve isolates of S. aureus from patients with endocarditis or bacteraemia. There was generally good agreement between vancomycin tolerance indicated by an MBC:MIC ratio of > or =32 and by < or =90% kill after 6 h incubation in the presence of 20 mg/L vancomycin. However, two isolates were tolerant according to their MBC:MIC ratios but non-tolerant as judged by time-kill measurements. Seven of 15 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates but only two of 20 methicillin-susceptible ones were tolerant as judged by time-kill experiments (chi2 = 4.27 with Yates' correction, P = 0.04). Seven of the 16 isolates from patients with endocarditis were tolerant, compared with only two of the 19 isolates from patients with other conditions (chi2 = 3.43 with Yates' correction, P = 0.06). Within the endocarditis and non-endocarditis subgroups, tolerance was associated more frequently with methicillin resistance than with susceptibility, but the numbers were too small for the differences to be statistically significant. Most of the vancomycin-tolerant isolates were also tolerant to teicoplanin. We conclude that glycopeptide tolerance is a real phenomenon in S. aureus, particularly amongst MRSA isolates, and can be reliably determined by our method of time-kill analysis. Tolerance may compromise glycopeptide therapy of serious S. aureus infection and should be taken into account when deciding treatment.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacteriophage Typing', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Endocarditis, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Teicoplanin', 'Vancomycin']
| 9,738,836
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125.150', 'E05.200.875.150.125.150'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['C01.150.252.245', 'C01.190.249', 'C14.260.249', 'C14.280.282.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100'], ['D09.400.420.405.500', 'D12.644.233.352.500'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bone and joint infections caused by gram-positive bacteria: treatment with cefotaxime.
|
Cefotaxime treatment was evaluated in 41 patients with serious bone and joint infections. Septic arthritis and bursitis (8), acute and chronic osteomyelitis (33) were treated with 3 to 12 g of cefotaxime per day for three to 52 days. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis was made on the basis of clinical and roentgenographic evidence of infection. The diagnosis of a joint infection was confirmed by a positive culture of a joint aspirate sample. The diagnosis of a bone infection was confirmed by either a positive culture of a bone biopsy or of blood in combination with a positive bone scan or roentgenogram. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Overall, 36 of 41 patients, who met all criteria for evaluation, had satisfactory responses to cefotaxime. The drug was well tolerated by all patients. However, six patients had a direct Coomb's test, two patients were noted to be neutropenic and two patients developed a macular rash. It is concluded that cefotaxime is a useful and safe antibiotic for the treatment of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Infectious', 'Bacterial Infections', 'Cefotaxime', 'Female', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutropenia', 'Osteomyelitis']
| 4,055,056
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C01.100', 'C05.550.114.099'], ['C01.150.252'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190'], ['B03.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['C01.160.495', 'C05.116.165.495']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Controlled self-assembly and photovoltaic characteristics of porphyrin derivatives on a silicon surface at solid-liquid interfaces.
|
Two meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) derivatives with different central metal ions, namely ZnTPP, CuTPP, were synthesized, and characterized by a series of spectroscopic methods. Their self-assembly behaviors in mixed solvents without surfactant were systematically investigated. The morphology of the thus produced nanoarchitectures could be efficiently controlled. Nanoslices can be manufactured when a volume of cyclohexane is involved, octahedrons can be produced when a mixed solvent of chloroform and isopropanol is employed, while four-leaf clover-shaped structures can be produced with a large volume of methanol injected. The nanostructures have been characterized by electronic absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoelectric conversion techniques. The internal structures of the nanostructures are well described by XRD. The nanostructures exhibit a power conversion under illumination intensity of 2.3 mW cm(-2). The present result appears to represent an effort toward controlling the morphology of self-assembled nanostructures of porphyrin derivatives via synthesis through introduction of metal-ligand and solvent interaction. Nevertheless, the fundamental study will be helpful to understand photoinduced energy/charge transport in an organic interface and this might also serve as promising building blocks for nanoscale power sources for potential application in solar energy technologies and organic electronics and optoelectronics.
|
['Electronics', 'Metals', 'Nanostructures', 'Particle Size', 'Porphyrins', 'Silicon', 'Solar Energy', 'Solvents', 'Surface Properties']
| 24,647,426
|
[['H01.671.293'], ['D01.552'], ['J01.637.512'], ['G02.712'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500', 'D03.633.400.909.500', 'D04.345.783.500', 'D23.767.727'], ['D01.268.513.937'], ['G01.750.897', 'N06.230.132.644.500'], ['D27.720.844'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Some anatomical and mechanical considerations relevant to the surface replacement of the femoral head.
|
The internal structure of the arthrosic and normal femoral heads are grossly different although both are roughly circular. In particular bone is destroyed or defective superolaterally in the former. The compressive strength of the femoral head depends upon the medial trabecular system which runs through the head at approximately 20 degrees to the vertical i.e. the plane of the resultant of the major loads borne by the hip. Ideally a femoral resurfacing prosthesis should be placed in this axis. The bone of the arthrosic femoral head can be sustained by blood reaching it within the neck. Thus vessels on the intracapsular surface of the neck need not be preserved.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Femur Head', 'Humans', 'Joint Prosthesis', 'Osteoarthritis', 'Prosthesis Design']
| 729,243
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.232.043.150.343'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.695.400'], ['C05.550.114.606', 'C05.799.613'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evidence for an optimal level of connectivity for establishment and colonization.
|
Dispersal is usually associated with the spread of invasive species, but it also has two opposing effects, one decreasing and the other increasing the probability of establishment. Indeed, dispersal both slows population growth at the site of introduction and increases the likelihood of surrounding habitat being colonized. The connectivity of the introduction site is likely to affect dispersal, and, thus, establishment, according to the dispersal behaviour of individuals. Using individual-based models and microcosm experiments on minute wasps, we demonstrated the existence of a hump-shaped relationship between connectivity and establishment in situations in which individual dispersal resembled a diffusion process. These results suggest that there is an optimal level of connectivity for the establishment of introduced populations locally at the site of introduction, and regionally over the whole landscape.
|
['Animal Distribution', 'Animals', 'Ecosystem', 'Introduced Species', 'Models, Biological', 'Wasps']
| 27,903,780
|
[['F01.145.113.069', 'G16.049'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['B01.050.050.580', 'G16.500.275.157.049.400', 'N06.230.124.049.400'], ['E05.599.395'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thermomechanical Fractional Model of TEMHD Rotational Flow.
|
In this work, the fractional mathematical model of an unsteady rotational flow of Xanthan gum (XG) between two cylinders in the presence of a transverse magnetic field has been studied. This model consists of two fractional parameters á and â representing thermomechanical effects. The Laplace transform is used to obtain the numerical solutions. The fractional parameter influence has been discussed graphically for the functions field distribution (temperature, velocity, stress and electric current distributions). The relationship between the rotation of both cylinders and the fractional parameters has been discussed on the functions field distribution for small and large values of time.
|
['Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Engineering', 'Fourier Analysis', 'Hot Temperature', 'Industry', 'Magnetic Fields', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'Rheology', 'Rotation', 'Solutions']
| 28,045,941
|
[['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['J01.293'], ['E05.377', 'G17.226', 'L01.224.800.625'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['J01.576'], ['G01.358.750'], ['E05.599'], ['D09.698.718', 'D23.050.161.616'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['G01.482.703'], ['D26.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Renal cell carcinoma co-existent with other renal disease: clinico-pathological features in pre-dialysis patients and those receiving dialysis or renal transplantation.
|
BACKGROUND: Patients on chronic dialysis are prone to developing acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD), which may lead to the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The risk factors for the development of RCC so far have not been determined in pre-dialysis patients with co-existent renal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-pathological features of RCC in pre-dialysis patients with associated renal diseases or in those undergoing chronic dialysis and renal transplantation.METHODS: We studied 32 kidneys from 31 patients with RCC and associated renal diseases. Of those, 18 kidneys were from 17 patients not on renal replacement therapy (RRT) when diagnosed with RCC; 14 patients received dialysis or dialysis followed by renal transplantation. Several clinico-pathological features were analysed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS: Overall, there was a preponderance of males (75%); nephrosclerosis was the predominant co-existent disease (31%). The median intervals from renal disease to RCC in the dialysis and transplanted groups were significantly longer than in the pre-dialysis group (15.8+/-1.1 vs 2.4+/-0.7 years, P<0.0001). In contrast to pre-dialysis RCC, the dialysis and transplant RCC groups had greater frequency of ACKD (100 vs 28%, P<0.0001), papillary type RCC (43 vs 11%, P<0.05) and multifocal tumours (43 vs 5%, P<0.05). At the end of the study, 71% of dialysis and transplanted patients and 72% of pre-dialysis patients were alive.CONCLUSIONS: ACKD develops in dialysis patients, as it does in those with renal disease prior to RRT. The duration of renal disease, rather than the dialysis procedure itself, appears to be the main determinant of ACKD and RCC. The RCC occurring in patients with ACKD and prolonged RRT is more frequently of the papillary type and multifocal than the RCC occurring in patients with no or few acquired cysts and a short history of renal disease. Long-term outcomes did not differ between the two groups.
|
['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases, Cystic', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 15,316,098
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.403', 'C13.351.968.419.403'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Three-dimensional mechano-electrochemical model for smooth muscle contraction of the urinary bladder.
|
The urinary bladder is a central organ of vertebrates and imposes, based on its extreme deformation (volume changes up to several 100%), special requirements on the overall bladder tissue. However, studies focusing on three-dimensional modelling of bladder deformation and bladder function during micturition are rare. Based on three fields, namely, the membrane potential, calcium concentration, and placement, a mechano-electrochemical-coupled, three-dimensional model describing the contractile behaviour of urinary bladder smooth muscle is presented using a strain energy function. The strain energy functions for the different layers of the bladder wall are additively decomposed into a passive part comprising elastin, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and collagen and an active electrochemical-driven part comprising the contraction of smooth muscle cells (SMC). While the two-variable FitzHugh-Nagumo-type membrane model (FitzHugh, 1961; Nagumo et al., 1962) has been used to describe the membrane potential characteristics, the four-state, cross-bridge model of Hai and Murphy (1988) is implemented into the finite element method for the quantification of the calcium phase. Appropriate model parameters were determined experimentally using 40 tissue strips isolated from porcine bladders. Characteristic orientation-dependent passive and active stress-stretch relationships were identified for muscle strips, including the entire bladder wall structure and those featuring the isolated muscle layer only. Active experiments on the smooth muscle layers revealed higher stresses in the longitudinal (28.9kPa) direction than in the transversal (22.7kPa) one. Additionally, three-dimensional deformation characteristics were recorded from single muscle strips to qualitatively confirm the strip simulations. Three-dimensional simulations at the tissue strip level and the organ level were performed to analyse the interaction among the electrical action potential, calcium distribution, chemical degree of activation, and equivalent von Mises stress.
|
['Animals', 'Elastin', 'Models, Biological', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Swine', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 28,711,025
|
[['B01.050'], ['D05.750.078.421', 'D12.776.860.300.350'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A11.620.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Patients of an ambulatory sleep center--critical variables of insomniacs].
|
The following study presents results of a broad diagnostical screening for 128 insomniacs, which includes polysomnography, sleep-wake diaries and psychosometrical testing. It was our special aim to investigate about critical but not classical variables for insomnia, which had been mentioned in sleep literature before. We therefore focused on hypotheses about the meaning of state 1 sleep (according to Zorick et al. 1984) and the number of REM-Non-REM Cycles (according to R?ther et al. 1985) for the diagnosis of insomnia. Statistical analysis (t-Test, p = 0.05) showed that patients with less than 3 REM-Non-REM Cycles consumed significantly more hypnotics during 6 months before the sleep examination. Moreover it was obvious (Chi-Square, p = 0.001) that more than 50% of insomniacs with organic causes presented less than 3 cycles, whereas the latter was true only for 1 patient with primary insomnia. Although results were not as strong for the "state-1 sleep variable", we find that these non-classical sleep variables should be sincerely regarded within the future context of the diagnosis of insomnia.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polysomnography', 'Psychophysiology', 'Reference Values', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Sleep Stages']
| 8,588,375
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.760.106', 'N02.421.585.106'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.277.350', 'D27.505.954.427.210.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['E02.190.525.812', 'F02.830', 'F04.096.795', 'H01.158.782.795'], ['E05.978.810'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800'], ['F02.830.855.796', 'G11.561.803.754']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of anthocyanins of mulberry juice purification (MJP) and mulberry marc purification (MMP) from different varieties mulberry fruit in China.
|
Anthocyanins, copiously distributed in a variety of colored fruits and vegetables, are probably the most important group of visible plant pigments besides chlorophyll. And the mulberry fruit is one of the anthocyanins-rich fruits. Total flavonols, total phenolic acids and anthocyanins contents of ten varieties mulberry juice purification (MJP) and mulberry marc purification (MMP) were determined. The highest content was 965.63±4.90 mg RE/g, 690.83±7.38 mg GAE/g and 272.00±1.20 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/g FW, respectively. Moreover, MJP and MMP exhibited high antioxidant activity, including total force reduction (TRP), Fe³⁺ reducing power (FRAP) and DPPH • radical scavenging capacity. In addition, the anti-fatigue activity of MJP and MMP was determined through mice-burden swimming experiments. Interestingly, the antioxidant and anti-fatigue capacities of MMP were much higher than those of MJP. The experimental results suggested that the generally discarded mulberry marc had greater value of development and utilization as food processing waste.
|
['Animals', 'Anthocyanins', 'Antioxidants', 'Beverages', 'Energy Drinks', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Fatigue', 'Flavonols', 'Food-Processing Industry', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Fruit', 'Glucosides', 'Industrial Waste', 'Mice', 'Morus', 'Phenols', 'Plant Extracts', 'Random Allocation', 'Swimming']
| 23,727,333
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['G07.203.100.512', 'J02.200.512'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['C23.888.369'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284'], ['J01.576.423.200.400'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['D09.408.348'], ['D20.944.420', 'N06.850.460.710.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.406.633'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The laparoscopic approach to cholecysto-choledocholithiasis.The "rendez-vous " technique].
|
A combined method of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) with common bile duct (CBD) stone extraction and laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia for a single-session treatment of patients with colecysto-choledocholithiasis is described. The so called "rendez-vous" technique consists in: standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography followed by ES if common bile duct stones are detected. The sphincterotome is driven across the papilla through a wire guide inserted by transcystic route. Nine patients were scheduled for "rendez-vous" approach. At intraoperative cholangiography 4 have had CBD stones. Endoscopic sphincterotomy and CBD clearance were successful in all patients. No complication was encountered. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 5 days. The laparo-endoscopic "rendez-vous" approach is feasible, it reduces the number of unnecessary ERCP examinations, it lowers the morbidity related with endoscopic sphincterotomy and shortens the hospital stay.
|
['Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Choledocholithiasis', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans']
| 14,870,557
|
[['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['C06.130.120.250.174', 'C06.130.409.267'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Development of new IL28B genotyping method using Invader Plus assay.
|
IL28B polymorphism is associated with the response to pegylated interferon-á with ribavirin (PEG-IFN-á/RBV) treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients. As a genotyping assay for IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in clinical practice, the Invader Plus assay was developed. The accuracy, intra-assay, inter-assay precision, and the limit of detection of the Invader Plus assay were evaluated. Two SNPs (rs8099917 and rs12979860) associated with IL28B were genotyped by the Invader Plus and TaqMan assay in 512 Japanese patients. In comparison with direct sequencing, the Invader Plus assay showed 99% accuracy in rs8099917 and 100% accuracy in rs12979860. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision were sufficient to use in clinical practice and the detection limit was 1ngDNA/assay. Genotyping by rs8099917 showed that 361 (71%), 144 (28%) and seven (1%) of the patients were major homozygous, heterozygous and minor homozygous types, respectively. Five of the 512 cases (1%) had haplotype differences, but none showed differences between the two genotyping methods. For patients with HCV genotype 1, the prevalence of responders in the major homozygous type was 83.3%, and that of non-responders in the minor heterozygous/homozygous type was 72.5%. A convenient IL28B genotyping method using the Invader Plus assay could be useful to predict the treatment outcome in clinical practice.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Genotype', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Interferons', 'Interleukins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Ribavirin']
| 22,537,149
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.393'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.221.250.750.120', 'C01.925.440.440.120', 'C01.925.782.350.350.120', 'C06.552.380.350.120', 'C06.552.380.705.440.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['D12.644.276.374.440', 'D12.776.467.374.440', 'D23.529.374.440'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['D13.570.800.790']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Obstructive jaundice caused by primary choledochal hydatid cyst mimicking radiologically choledochal cyst.
|
A 12-year-old girl with obstructive jaundice that was initially misinterpreted radiologically as having choledochal cyst is presented. A primary hydatid cyst in the wall of the common bile duct causing obstruction was found at operation. The authors emphasize that hydatid cyst should be included in the list of differential diagnoses of obstructive jaundice and cystic lesions located around the biliopancreatic junction in children.
|
['Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Child', 'Cholangiography', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Cholecystography', 'Choledochal Cyst', 'Cholestasis, Extrahepatic', 'Common Bile Duct', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Echinococcosis, Hepatic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Jaundice, Obstructive', 'Jejunum', 'Liver', 'Suction']
| 12,596,118
|
[['E04.035.070', 'E04.210.070'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.200', 'E01.370.372.200'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['E01.370.350.700.715.210', 'E01.370.372.210'], ['C04.182.198', 'C06.130.120.127', 'C06.198.184', 'C16.131.314.184'], ['C06.130.120.135.150'], ['A03.159.183.079.300'], ['E01.171'], ['C01.610.335.190.396.314', 'C01.610.518.314', 'C06.552.664.272'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.429.500.755', 'C23.888.885.375.500'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A03.620'], ['E04.237.890']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A Neural Basis for Contagious Yawning.
|
Contagious yawning, in which yawning is triggered involuntarily when we observe another person yawn, is a common form of echophenomena-the automatic imitation of another's words (echolalia) or actions (echopraxia) [1]. The neural basis for echophenomena is unknown; however, it has been proposed that it is linked to disinhibition of the human mirror-neuron system [1-4] and hyper-excitability of cortical motor areas [1]. We investigated the neural basis for contagious yawning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Thirty-six adults viewed video clips that showed another individual yawning and, in separate blocks, were instructed to either resist yawning or allow themselves to yawn. Participants were videoed throughout and their yawns or stifled yawns were counted. We used TMS to quantify motor cortical excitability and physiological inhibition for each participant, and these measures were then used to predict the propensity for contagious yawning across participants. We demonstrate that instructions to resist yawning increase the urge to yawn and alter how yawns are expressed (i.e., full versus stifled yawns) but do not alter the individual propensity for contagious yawning. By contrast, TMS measures of cortical excitability and physiological inhibition were significant predictors of contagious yawning and accounted for approximately 50% of the variability in contagious yawning. These data demonstrate that individual variability in the propensity for contagious yawning is determined by cortical excitability and physiological inhibition in the primary motor cortex.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Imitative Behavior', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation', 'Yawning', 'Young Adult']
| 28,867,202
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.510'], ['E02.621.820'], ['G09.772.982'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Immunologic and biochemical properties of the major mouse urinary allergen (Mus m 1).
|
Rabbit antiserum to the mouse major urinary protein identified a single antigen that was also found in mouse serum and pelt extract. The skin test reactivity of mouse-pelt extract and mouse urine in two mouse-allergic subjects was significantly reduced after immunoabsorption with the gamma globulin fraction of this antiserum. The antigen defined by this antiserum was designated mouse allergen 1 (MA1). An immunoelectrophoretic procedure was set up to measure its concentration. MA1 had a molecular weight of approximately 19,000 on Sephadex gel filtration and 18,000 to 21,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing identified at least four bands with antigenic activity; the major band had an isoelectric point of 3.9. Significant antigenic and allergenic activity of MA1 was retained on reduction and digestion with papain and pepsin. Heating at 90 degrees C for periods up to 180 minutes resulted in a progressive loss, but not abolition, of activity. Serum and urine derived from male mice contained approximately fourfold more MA1 than samples derived from female mice. Urine contained at least 100-fold more MA1 than serum. Of the tissue extracts studied, liver extract had the highest amount of MA1. The immunochemical properties of MA1, its tissue distribution, and sex differences in its concentration provide strong evidence that MA1 is identical to the previously described mouse major urinary protein.
|
['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Antibodies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunodiffusion', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Isoelectric Point', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Proteins', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 3,097,107
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645.350', 'E05.200.812.735.645.350', 'E05.478.594.760.645.350', 'E05.478.605.492.350'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['E05.301.300.663.500', 'G02.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fast and efficient microfluidic cell filter for isolation of circulating tumor cells from unprocessed whole blood of colorectal cancer patients.
|
Liquid biopsy offers unique opportunities for low invasive diagnosis, real-time patient monitoring and treatment selection. The phenotypic and molecular profile of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide key information about the biology of tumor cells, contributing to personalized therapy. CTC isolation is still challenging, mainly due to their heterogeneity and rarity. To overcome this limitation, a microfluidic chip for label-free isolation of CTCs from peripheral blood was developed. This device, the CROSS chip, captures CTCs based on their size and deformability with an efficiency of 70%. Using 2 chips, 7.5 ml of whole blood are processed in 47 minutes with high purity, as compared to similar technologies and assessed by in situ immunofluorescence. The CROSS chip performance was compared to the CellSearch system in a set of metastatic colorectal cancer patients, resulting in higher capture of DAPI+/CK+/CD45- CTCs in all individuals tested. Importantly, CTC enumeration by CROSS chip enabled stratification of patients with different prognosis. Lastly, cells isolated in the CROSS chip were lysed and further subjected to molecular characterization by droplet digital PCR, which revealed a mutation in the APC gene for most patient samples analyzed, confirming their colorectal origin and the versatility of the technology for downstream applications.
|
['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein', 'Aged', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Separation', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lab-On-A-Chip Devices', 'Liquid Biopsy', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 31,142,796
|
[['D05.500.117.249', 'D12.776.220.040', 'D12.776.476.081.249', 'D12.776.624.776.010'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['E05.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.305.343.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100.396', 'E01.370.225.998.054.396', 'E05.200.500.384.100.396', 'E05.200.998.054.396', 'E05.242.384.100.396'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.642', 'C04.697.650.900', 'C23.550.727.650.900'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
CT assessment of the inferior peripancreatic veins: clinical significance.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and clarify the clinical significance of CT scans of the inferior peripancreatic veins.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with suspected pancreatic disease underwent three-phase helical CT (collimation, 5 mm; reconstruction, 2.5 mm; scan delay, 30, 60, and 150 sec). The frequency of visualization on CT of the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins, inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, and first jejunal trunk was assessed and correlated with angiographic and pathologic findings.RESULTS: The frequency of visualization of normal inferior peripancreatic veins in patients (n = 22) with a normal portomesenteric vein was 36% for the anteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, 36% for the posteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, 59% for the inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, and 100% for the first jejunal trunk. The smaller inferior peripancreatic veins were frequently not visualized when normal. In patients (n = 13) with pancreatic carcinoma involving the portosuperior mesenteric vein, all of the inferior peripancreatic veins were dilated and easily recognizable. When the tumor did not involve the portosuperior mesenteric vein but did involve the anteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal, posteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal, and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins (n = 8), some of the other peripancreatic veins (first jejunal trunk, anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal veins, and gastrocolic trunk) were dilated. Dilatation indicated tumor extension to the third portion of the duodenum. In patients (n = 7) with involvement of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, the first jejunal trunk, or both without the involvement of the portosuperior mesenteric vein, dilatation of the other peripancreatic veins (anteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, posteroinferior pancreaticoduodenal vein, anterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal vein, posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal vein, and gastrocolic trunk) indicated tumor invasion of only the second portion of the extrapancreatic nerve plexus (n = 4) and tumor invasion of both the second portion of the extrapancreatic nerve and the mesenteric root (n = 3).CONCLUSION: Dilatation of peripancreatic veins with nonvisualization of inferior peripancreatic veins suggests tumor invasion of peripancreatic tissue.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Ampulla of Vater', 'Common Bile Duct Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreatitis', 'Phlebography', 'Reference Values', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Veins']
| 10,701,608
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236', 'A03.556.875.249.160', 'A03.734.667.500'], ['C04.588.274.120.250.250', 'C06.130.120.120.280', 'C06.130.120.250.280', 'C06.130.320.120.280', 'C06.301.120.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['E01.789.625'], ['A03.734'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['C06.689.750'], ['E01.370.350.700.060.600', 'E01.370.370.050.600'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A07.015.908']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Low Expression and Clinical Value of hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220 in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Patients.
|
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to discuss the possible roles and clinical value of 2 circRNAs (hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220) in SLE patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect the expressions of hsa_circ_0049224, has_circ_0049220, and DNMT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 18 diagnosed SLE patients and 10 healthy controls. RESULTS We found that the expressions of hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220 in healthy control groups were both much higher than those in inactive and active SLE patients. The expression level of DNMT1 is positively correlated with the expressions of hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220. Moreover, there was a negative correlation between the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the expressions of hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220. We also found that these 2 circRNAs are associated with some clinical characteristics of SLE. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0049224 and has_circ_0049220 are probable factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and they have potential clinical value in SLE.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA', 'RNA, Circular', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcriptome']
| 29,606,700
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.032'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prenatal morphine enhances morphine-conditioned place preference in adult rats.
|
Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a commonly used method for assessing the rewarding qualities of drugs, including opiates. In the present study, we examined long-term effects of prenatal morphine on morphine-associated place preference. Pregnant Fischer 344 rats were given increasing doses of morphine (0.75-12.0 mg/day) in slow-release emulsion during gestational days 12-18. Control rats were injected with vehicle and were fed either with morphine rats or ad libitum. At birth, all litters were culled to 8 pups and fostered to naive dams. Testing began when rats were 10-12 weeks old. Rats prenatally exposed to morphine exhibited a significantly higher preference for the morphine-paired compartment, suggesting that prenatal morphine induces a long-lasting enhancement of its reinforcing effect. Thus, prenatal morphine may result in enhanced activity and/or sensitivity of the endogenous opiate system, thereby placing the organism at higher risk for opiate drug abuse.
|
['Animals', 'Conditioning, Psychological', 'Female', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Morphine', 'Narcotics', 'Opioid-Related Disorders', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Reward', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 9,300,614
|
[['B01.050'], ['F02.463.425.179'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['D27.505.696.277.600', 'D27.505.696.663.850.014.760', 'D27.505.954.427.040.550', 'D27.505.954.427.210.600'], ['C25.775.643.500', 'F03.900.647.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200'], ['F02.463.425.770.836'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The interaction of epidermal growth factor and radiation in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with vastly different radiosensitivities.
|
PURPOSE: This study was performed to characterize the interaction of epidermal growth factor and radiation in two human head and neck squamous cell cancer cell lines of vastly different radiosensitivities (UM-SCC-6 Radiosensitive; UM-SCC-1 radioresistant).METHODS AND MATERIALS: The two human head and neck squamous cell cancers (UM-SCC-1 and UM-SCC-6) were grown in medium and following the appropriate treatments, cell survival was assessed by a standard colony formation assay. Growth inhibition was assessed by monitoring cell counts following treatment and flow cytometry was used to assess cell cycle distributions.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that exposure to epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) for 24 h prior to radiation resulted in radiosensitization in both cell lines, however, the magnitude of radiosensitization was greater in the radiosensitive UM-SCC-6 cells compared to the radioresistant UM-SCC-1 cells. Treatment of the UM-SCC-6 cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) for 24 h resulted in a growth delay, however, cell growth returned to normal approximately 24 h following removal of EGF. Similar treatment of the UM-SCC-1 cells resulted in no growth inhibition. The 24 h pre-radiation exposures to EGF (10 ng/ml) did not affect the radiation-induced growth delay in either cell line. Additionally, the 24 h exposures to EGF (10 ng/ml) did not affect the radiation-induced growth delay in either cell line. Additionally, the 24 h exposures to EGF (10 ng/ml) did not cause the cells to enter a more radiosensitive cell cycle phase. Further work will be necessary to determine whether events associated with the EGF-induced growth delay in the UM-SCC-6 cells are associated with the enhanced EGF-induced radiosensitization in these cells compared to UM-SCC-1 cells.
|
['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Survival', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Head and Neck Neoplasms', 'Humans', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 8,195,014
|
[['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['G04.144'], ['G04.346'], ['D06.472.317.350', 'D12.644.276.382.500', 'D12.776.467.382.500', 'D23.529.382.500'], ['C04.588.443'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A GIS-based assessment on the vulnerability and future extent of the tropical forests of the Congo Basin.
|
This paper examines the vulnerability of the Congo Basin's forests through a GIS platform, taking into consideration the variables of population growth, road density, logging concession, and forest fragmentation. The assessment indicates that the forests will continue to shrink towards the interior over the next 50 years. Current contiguous forests will fragment into three large blocks, including one on the west side of the Congo River and two in the Democratic Republic of Congo, while a large number of small forest patches will retain in the periphery of the large blocks. The study shows that integrated GIS assessment of the driving forces of tropical deforestation can shed light on the future forest distribution and provide a tool to address the broader implications of social and economic development for tropical deforestation.
|
['Africa, Central', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Geographic Information Systems', 'Rivers', 'Trees', 'Tropical Climate', 'Urbanization']
| 16,502,279
|
[['Z01.058.290.100'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.314', 'L01.470.750.750.462'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['B01.650.915'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600'], ['I01.880.853.400.726']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Arthrodesis of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe - a report on six years' experience (author's transl)].
|
At the orthopedic clinic of L?beck College of Medicine surgical treatment of disorders of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe has, since 1975, included arthrodesis of this joint using a small bone chip. In the light of experience gathered in 150 arthrodeses performed to date, this paper aims to point out major considerations in surgical technique and postoperative treatment; keeping these in mind should help to prevent unsatisfactory courses and optimize results.
|
['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Arthrodesis', 'Bone Plates', 'Bone Screws', 'Gout', 'Humans', 'Metatarsophalangeal Joint', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Toe Joint']
| 7,113,368
|
[['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['E04.555.100'], ['E07.695.370.374', 'E07.858.442.660.460.374', 'E07.858.690.725.460.374'], ['E07.695.370.437', 'E07.858.442.660.460.437', 'E07.858.690.725.460.437'], ['C05.550.114.423', 'C05.550.354.500', 'C05.799.414', 'C16.320.565.798.368', 'C18.452.648.798.368'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.378.531'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A02.835.583.378.900']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serological evidence of human klassevirus infection.
|
Klassevirus is a proposed new genus of picornavirus that has been associated with pediatric diarrhea. In this study, we used recombinant klassevirus 3C protease as the capture antigen for an indirect serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Four of six klassevirus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-positive individuals demonstrated seroconversion against the 3C protease, suggesting that klassevirus infection and replication occur in humans. Additional screening of 353 samples from an age-banded serological cohort from two St. Louis hospitals indicated a seroprevalence of 6.8%.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Picornaviridae', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Serologic Tests', 'Viral Nonstructural Proteins', 'Virology', 'Young Adult']
| 20,739,504
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D23.050.327'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B04.820.578.750'], ['C01.925.782.687'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E01.370.225.812.735', 'E05.200.812.735', 'E05.478.594.760'], ['D12.776.964.900'], ['H01.158.273.540.859'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Noninvasive multimodal evaluation of bioengineered cartilage constructs combining time-resolved fluorescence and ultrasound imaging.
|
A multimodal diagnostic system that integrates time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and ultrasound backscatter microscopy is evaluated here as a potential tool for assessing changes in engineered tissue composition and microstructure nondestructively and noninvasively. The development of techniques capable of monitoring the quality of engineered tissue, determined by extracellular matrix (ECM) content, before implantation would alleviate the need for destructive assays over multiple time points and advance the widespread development and clinical application of engineered tissues. Using a prototype system combining time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, FLIM, and UBM, we measured changes in ECM content occurring during chondrogenic differentiation of equine adipose stem cells on 3D biodegradable matrices. The optical and ultrasound results were validated against those acquired via conventional techniques, including collagen II immunohistochemistry, picrosirius red staining, and measurement of construct stiffness. Current results confirm the ability of this multimodal approach to follow the progression of tissue maturation along the chondrogenic lineage by monitoring ECM production (namely, collagen type II) and by detecting resulting changes in mechanical properties of tissue constructs. Although this study was directed toward monitoring chondrogenic tissue maturation, these data demonstrate the feasibility of this approach for multiple applications toward engineering other tissues, including bone and vascular grafts.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Bioengineering', 'Cartilage', 'Collagen', 'DNA', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Horses', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Linear Models', 'Mechanical Phenomena', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Stem Cells', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Engineering', 'Tissue Scaffolds', 'Ultrasonics']
| 21,303,258
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['J01.293.069'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['D09.698.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['G01.374'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['A11.872'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500'], ['E07.206.627', 'E07.695.825'], ['H01.671.031.849']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
White coated corruption.
|
This essay documents the state of the medical profession which was once a respected line of work but today is corrupted at every level, from medical education to medical practice, and ir both the private and government sectors. It calls for doctors, thE government and the public to act against dishonest doctors restore the dignity of the profession and work for the benefit of society.
|
['Crime', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Government Regulation', 'Humans', 'India', 'Malpractice', 'Poverty', 'Professional Misconduct', 'Public Policy', 'State Medicine']
| 20,166,290
|
[['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['I01.880.604.394', 'N03.706.358'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['I01.880.604.583.524', 'N03.706.535.606'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['K01.752.566.479.915', 'N05.350.979'], ['I01.655.500.608', 'I01.880.604.825.608', 'N03.623.500.608'], ['N03.349.550.902', 'N03.858']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Morphofunctional changes in the spleen in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].
|
Morphofunctional changes in the spleen in this disease were assessed using a number of histological, histoenzymochemical, morphometric, cytological, and immunological methods. The study included 52 operatively removed spleens. Hyperplastic changes in the white pulp varying in different age groups were demonstrated. Irrespective of the age, an increase in the number of macrophages and a decrease in the number of rosette-forming cells in the spleen tissue were observed, indicating disorders in cooperation of cells of the immunocompetent system, immunodeficiency state.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Middle Aged', 'Purpura, Thrombocytopenic', 'Rosette Formation', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 6,602,606
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C15.378.100.802.687', 'C15.378.140.855.925.750', 'C20.841', 'C23.550.414.950.687', 'C23.888.885.687.687'], ['E01.370.225.812.706', 'E05.200.812.706', 'E05.478.594.730'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Mass isolation of highly purified canine islets using an automated method and Histopaque Ficoll gradients.
|
Eighteen pancreata from adult mongrel dogs were used for the study of islet isolation. The pancreas was distended with collagenase in Hanks' solution. The automated screen method and Histopaque Ficoll gradients were used to isolate and purify the canine islets. In vitro, the viability of isolated islets was assessed by both histology and perifusion studies. In vivo, the islet function was evaluated by using a nude mice xenograft model. Fair to good isolation and purification was found in 12 experiments. Before and after purification, the isolated islet count was 4767.1 +/- 560.1 and 3637.7 +/- 333.4 islet equivalence (I.E.)/gm pancreatic tissue. The purity was above 90%. Aldehyde Fuchsin stain disclosed islets with copious beta granules. The stimulation index of islets responding to 16.7 mM glucose plus 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) versus 1.67 mM glucose was 12.93 +/- 4.75. Normoglycemia was restored and maintained for up to 2 weeks in 7 of 10 and up to 3 weeks in 5 of 10 diabetic nude mice transplanted with canine islets. In conclusion, the automated screen method and Histopaque Ficoll gradients afford a good yield of highly purified canine islets, and functional viability was verified both in vitro and in vivo. This will be an ideal model for isolation of human islets.
|
['Animals', 'Automation', 'Cell Separation', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Diatrizoate', 'Dogs', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Ficoll', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Secretion', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Pancreas']
| 8,171,165
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.897.104'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D02.241.223.100.400.880.270', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.375.880.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.320'], ['D09.698.330'], ['C18.452.394.952'], ['C18.452.394.984'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['G03.442', 'G07.475'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['A03.734']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extradural spinal angiolipoma associated with bone lysis in a dog.
|
An extradural spinal tumor was diagnosed in a 12-year-old Labrador retriever that was presented with a one-week history of paraparesis. Myelography indicated a deviation of the spinal cord to the right side at the level of the second lumbar (L2) vertebra. The difference in length measuring the left and right sides of the L2 vertebra suggested a fracture of the vertebral body. Severe bone remodeling and an extradural mass were seen on computed tomography (CT). Clinical, radiographical, and histological findings are described and considered homologous to extradural angiolipomas described in the human literature.
|
['Angiolipoma', 'Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Myelography', 'Spinal Cord Neoplasms', 'Spondylolysis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 9,728,466
|
[['C04.557.450.550.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.505', 'E01.370.350.700.560.505', 'E01.370.376.537.750.505', 'E05.629.937.505'], ['C04.588.614.250.803', 'C10.228.854.765', 'C10.551.240.750'], ['C05.116.900.938.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activation of glutamate transporters in the locus coeruleus paradoxically activates descending inhibition in rats.
|
Descending noradrenergic inhibition is an important endogenous pain-relief mechanism which can be activated by local glutamate signaling. In the present study, we examined the effect of glutamate transporter activation by riluzole in the regulation of activity of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, which provide the major inhibitory descending noradrenergic projection to the spinal cord. Local injection of riluzole into the LC dose-dependently reduced hypersensitivity in rats after L5-L6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). This anti-hypersensitivity effect of LC-injected riluzole was blocked by intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan and intra-LC co-injection of the AMPA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the gap-junction blockers, carbenoxolone (CBX) and meclofenamic acid (MEC). In brainstem slices from normal rats, riluzole increased phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) expressing nuclei in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) containing cells in the LC. This riluzole-induced pCREB activation in LC neurons was also blocked by CNQX and CBX. In the primary astrocyte culture, riluzole enhanced glutamate-induced glutamate release. Contrary to expectations, these results suggest that activation of glutamate transporters in the LC results in increase of extracellular glutamate signaling, possibly via facilitation of glutamate release from astrocytes, and activation of LC neurons to induce descending inhibition, and that this paradoxical action of glutamate transporters in the LC requires gap-junction connections.
|
['Amino Acid Transport System X-AG', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Central Nervous System Agents', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glutamic Acid', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Locus Coeruleus', 'Male', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neurons', 'Pain', 'Phosphorylation', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Riluzole', 'Spinal Nerves']
| 20,059,984
|
[['D12.776.157.530.200.249.500', 'D12.776.157.530.937.250', 'D12.776.543.585.200.249.500', 'D12.776.543.585.937.250'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.954.427'], ['D12.776.260.108.184', 'D12.776.930.127.184'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D12.125.067.625.349', 'D12.125.119.409.349', 'D12.125.427.300'], ['E05.481'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.473', 'A08.186.211.132.810.428.600.650.437'], ['G07.265.755', 'G11.561.616'], ['A08.612'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.886.675.651', 'D03.383.129.708.089.611', 'D03.633.100.185.611'], ['A08.800.800.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The first fatal case of Mediterranean spotted fever in Croatia.
|
The first lethal case of Mediterranean spotted fever in Croatia is described. A previously healthy, 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with high fever and rash. Several days later, severe anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia developed, and the patient died about eight weeks after the onset of disease. Bone marrow biopsy showed hypercellularity of the cortical and trabecular bone structures with morphologically normal cells of all three hematopoietic lineages that were reduced due to regular nodular infiltrates. Serologic findings indicated that Rickettsia conorii infection was the etiologic cause of the patient's death.
|
['Boutonneuse Fever', 'Croatia', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 11,379,485
|
[['C01.150.252.400.789.725.400.250', 'C01.920.930.887.250'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of inosine on adenosine-induced coronary vasodilation in the open chest dog.
|
The effects of inosine (CAS 58-63-9) on adenosine-induced coronary vasodilation were studied in open-chest dogs. Inosine and hypoxanthine were infused into the coronary artery at a rate to obtain respective calculated coronary plasma concentrations of 10(-5) mol/l, and the dose-coronary flow response of adenosine was recorded with and without inosine or hypoxanthine infusion. When the maximum coronary dilation was obtained, 10 ml of 2 x 10(-3) mol/l 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) solution was injected into the femoral vein. Additionally, adenosine deaminase activity was measured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of either inosine or hypoxanthine. It was found that inosine, but not hypoxanthine, intensified the coronary vasodilatory effect of adenosine, which was abolished by 8-PT injection: EC50 of adenosine was reduced from 10(-5.43) mol/l to 10(-5.90) mol/l by inosine. Inosine and hypoxanthine did not affect adenosine deaminase activity at concentrations of 10(-4) mol/l or less. These findings indicate that inosine intensifies the coronary vasoactivity of adenosine, independent of inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity.
|
['Adenosine', 'Adenosine Deaminase', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Rate', 'Hypoxanthines', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Inosine', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Theophylline', 'Vasodilation']
| 8,240,456
|
[['D03.633.100.759.590.138', 'D13.570.583.138', 'D13.570.800.096'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.075'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G09.330.100.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['A07.541'], ['A07.541.409'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.616', 'D13.570.583.616', 'D13.570.800.573'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['D03.132.960.751', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.751'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM): a critical overview.
|
This paper explores the forces that led to the conceptualisation of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) including the role of the Common Minimum Programme and the Structural Adjustment Programme. The paper analyses the key components of the NRHM in terms of the theoretical frameworks of decentralisation, integration of programmes, primary health care, community health workers and standards.
|
['Humans', 'India', 'National Health Programs', 'Public Health Administration', 'Rural Health Services']
| 16,468,277
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['N03.349.550'], ['N04.452.794'], ['N02.421.816']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Enzyme inhibition by allosteric capture of an inactive conformation.
|
All members of the human herpesvirus protease (HHV Pr) family are active as weakly associating dimers but inactive as monomers. A small-molecule allosteric inhibitor of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protease (KSHV Pr) traps the enzyme in an inactive monomeric state where the C-terminal helices are unfolded and the hydrophobic dimer interface is exposed. NMR titration studies demonstrate that the inhibitor binds to KSHV Pr monomers with low micromolar affinity. A 2.0-?-resolution X-ray crystal structure of a C-terminal truncated KSHV Pr-inhibitor complex locates the binding pocket at the dimer interface and displays significant conformational perturbations at the active site, 15 ? from the allosteric site. NMR and CD data suggest that the small molecule inhibits human cytomegalovirus protease via a similar mechanism. As all HHV Prs are functionally and structurally homologous, the inhibitor represents a class of compounds that may be developed into broad-spectrum therapeutics that allosterically regulate enzymatic activity by disrupting protein-protein interactions.
|
['Allosteric Site', 'Binding Sites', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Crystallography, X-Ray', 'Dimerization', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Herpesvirus 8, Human', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Mutagenesis', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Serine Endopeptidases']
| 21,723,875
|
[['G02.111.570.120.147'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.867.151'], ['E05.196.309.742.225'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B04.280.210.400.700.330', 'B04.280.382.400.700.330', 'B04.613.204.500.700.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G05.558'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association and expression study of synapsin III and schizophrenia.
|
The synapsin III gene, SYN3, which belongs to the family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, has been implicated in the modulation of neurotransmitter release and in synaptogenesis, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. The human SYN3 gene is located on chromosome 22q12-13, a candidate region implicated in previous linkage studies of schizophrenia. However, association studies of SYN3 and schizophrenia have produced inconsistent results. In this study, four SYN3 SNPs (rs133945 (-631 C>G), rs133946 (-196 G>A), rs9862 and rs1056484) were tested in three sets of totally 3759 samples that comprise 655 affected subjects and 626 controls in the Irish Case-Control Study of Schizophrenia (ICCSS), 1350 samples incorporating 273 pedigrees in the Irish Study of High Density Schizophrenia Families (ISHDSF), and 564 unrelated schizophrenia patients and 564 healthy individuals in a Chinese case-control sample. The expression levels of SYN3 in schizophrenic patients and unaffected controls were compared using postmortem brain cDNAs provided by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (SMRI). There was no significant association in either the Irish or Chinese case-control samples, nor in the combined samples. Consistent with this finding, we did not find any significant difference in allele or haplotype frequencies when we used the pedigree disequilibrium test to analyze the Irish family sample. In the expression studies, no significant difference (p=0.507) was observed between patients and controls. Both the association studies and expression studies didn't support a major role for SYN3 in the susceptibility of schizophrenia in Irish and Chinese populations.
|
['Adult', 'China', 'Female', 'Genetic Linkage', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Schizophrenia', 'Synapsins']
| 19,766,700
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['G05.348'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F03.700.750'], ['D12.776.631.750', 'D12.776.744.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dosing regimen of budesonide and occurrence of oropharyngeal complications.
|
The influence of the dosing regimen on the occurrence of oropharyngeal complications during a trial of the anti-asthmatic aerosol steroid budesonide was assessed by systematically varying the daily dose (400, 800, 1,600 micrograms), dose frequency (b.i.d. vs. q.i.d.), and dosing schedule (AM vs. AM/PM). Dysphonia was infrequent and was not affected by any features of the treatment regimen. ;Its incidence was unrelated to that of candidiasis. The amount of oropharyngeal candidiasis on the other hand correlated strongly with the daily dose of budesonide and dosing frequency. B.i.d. treatment abolished the effect of increasing budesonide dose on candidiasis, and virtually eliminated any need for nystatin. A 24 h interval between doses (using an AM schedule), or two intervals of about 12 h were both effective in conserving antifungal host defences in the oropharynx. Temporary conversion to b.i.d. dosing can facilitate the control or prevention of thrush, especially when the risk is increased by concomitant antibiotic therapy, as was shown to be the case in these patients. A small, but statistically significant, deterioration in peak expiratory flow occurred during b.i.d. dosing. Thus, despite its ability to virtually eliminate the problem of recurring thrush, b.i.d. dosing should not be continued indefinitely. These considerations probably apply to other topically active steroids currently used to treat asthma.
|
['Aerosols', 'Asthma', 'Budesonide', 'Candidiasis, Oral', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnenediones', 'Voice Disorders']
| 6,705,856
|
[['D20.280.055', 'D26.255.165.055'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.105'], ['C01.150.703.160.180', 'C07.465.130'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654'], ['C08.360.940', 'C09.400.940', 'C10.597.975', 'C23.888.592.979']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Metal-Free Iodine-Catalyzed Direct Arylthiation of Substituted Anilines with Thiols.
|
Iodine-catalyzed direct arylthiation of substituted anilines for the synthesis of various diaryl sulfides has been developed under metal- and solvent-free conditions. The present method uses readily available thiols as the arylthiation reagents, and environmentally friendly and inexpensive I2 as the catalyst. Importantly, no base or ligand was necessary. Such a simple, efficient, and economical transformation provides an attractive approach to various diaryl sulfides in good to excellent yields.
|
['Aniline Compounds', 'Catalysis', 'Iodine', 'Ligands', 'Metals', 'Molecular Structure', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'Sulfides']
| 26,030,066
|
[['D02.092.146'], ['G02.130'], ['D01.268.380.400'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D01.552'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.886.489'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the immunophenotypes of signet-ring cell carcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production, and mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic mucin.
|
The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification divides adenocarcinoma mainly into adenocarcinoma mixed subtypes, acinar adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production, and it mentions several variants, including fetal adenocarcinoma, mucinous ("colloid") adenocarcinoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, signet-ring adenocarcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma. In general, the mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the lung comprises signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC), solid adenocarcinoma with mucin production (SA), and mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (m-BAC), mucinous ("colloid") adenocarcinomas and/or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. As SRCC, SA, and m-BAC exhibit distinct clinical features, it is important to identify differences in their immunohistochemical characteristics to better understand their histogenesis. In this study we analysed SRCC, SA, m-BAC, normal lung, and foregut-related secretory tissue for immunohistochemical differences using tissue microarrays. SRCC and SA showed high expression of MUC1 (97.4% and 100%, respectively), cytokeratin (CK) 7 (both 100%), and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) (81.1% and 100%, respectively). They also showed low expression of MUC5AC (25.5% and 21.1%, respectively) and MUC6 (18.3% and 10.5%, respectively), whereas m-BAC showed high expression of MUC5AC (97.5%), MUC6 (75.0%), and CK7 (94.7%), but low expression of MUC1 (57.5%), and TTF-1 (27.5%). Hierarchical clustering showed that the immunophenotypes of SRCC and SA belong to the same category as alveolar lining cells, whereas m-BAC clustered onto another branch with gastric foveolar cells and bronchial goblet cells. These immunohistochemical findings support the results of our previous clinicopathological analysis of SRCC of the lung showing that SRCC occurs anatomically in the peripheral portion of the lung rather than in the bronchial gland-bearing portion.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar', 'Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mucins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Protein Array Analysis']
| 16,463,270
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.022.500', 'C04.588.894.797.520.055.500'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.075', 'C04.557.470.590.075'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.415', 'C04.557.470.590.415'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['E01.370.225.812.447', 'E05.200.812.447', 'E05.478.594.450'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.776.395.560.631'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.588.570.700', 'E05.601.680']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Survival of patients on maintenance haemodialysis over a twenty-year period.
|
Patient survival is a key index of the overall adequacy of treatment in most chronic diseases. Analyses of survival of patients undergoing haemodialysis is very important, as it may offer clues and ideas for prolonging survival of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of the patients on maintenance haemodialysis therapy over a period of 20 years, to determine the survival rate of these patients according to ages at the onset of haemodialysis, the primary renal diseases, and the cause of death, and to determine the survival rate at five, ten, fifteen and twenty years of haemodialysis treatment at our centre. The charts of 518 unselected patients, 282 male and 236 female, treated with maintenance haemodialysis therapy in a period of 20 years (1985-2005) were reviewed. At the time of evaluation, 164 patients were currently being treated, and 354 patients overall had been diseased. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between survival and patient characteristics such as age, gender, primary renal disease, and age at dialysis onset. Actual survival rates were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. The survival rate of our patients treated with maintenance haemodialysis was 60% at 5 years, 37% at 10 years, 25% at 15 years and 9% at 20 years. Female patient survival was superior to male. Patients aged under 40 at the start of dialysis had a better survival probability compared to older patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus and nephroangiosclerosis, had a lower survival rate compared to patients with glomerulonephritis and with adult dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cardiac death was the most common cause of death in patients involved in the study. About 52% of the patients died from cardiovascular disease. Death is the most severe consequence of inadequate dialysis and can be used as an index of the adequacy of the dialysis therapy. Treatment factors that may improve outcomes include an early start of dialysis therapy, a high dose of dialysis (Kt/V over 1.2), correction of anemia, adequate protein and caloric intake, control of calcium and phosphate metabolism, and the use of biocompatible dialyzers.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']
| 18,356,782
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Biological and Clinical Relevance of Long Non-Coding RNA PCAT-1 in Cancer, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
|
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer associated transcript 1 (PCAT-1) has been identified as a potential
biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis
to evaluate the role of dysregulation as well as the biological and clinical significance of lnc-PCAT-1 for predicting the
malignancy status in several cancers. Two independent reviewers conducted an extensive search in electronic databases
of Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed until the December of 2017. Five articles investigating the
clinical significance of lncRNA PCAT-1, including 996 patients, were analyzed. Our results revealed that the increased
PCAT-1 expression was related to overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.9, 95%CI: 1.13-3.18, P=0.015). Also, pooled results
of the diagnostic data analysis demonstrated that PCAT-1 has a sensitivity of 0.59 and specificity of 0.66 for cancer
diagnosis. Moreover, pooled area under curve was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.58–0.69). This meta-analysis revealed that lncRNA
PCAT-1 could be served as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various solid tumors.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Long Noncoding']
| 30,909,662
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04'], ['E01.789'], ['D13.444.735.790.375']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structure of sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase SirB: the last of the structures of the class II chelatase family.
|
The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis SirB, which catalyses the insertion of Fe2+ into the substrate sirohydrochlorin (SHC) in siroheme biosynthesis, is reported herein as the last of the structures of class II chelatases. The structure of SirB with Co2+ showed that the active site of SirB is located at the N-terminal domain with metal-binding amino acid residues His10, Glu43, and His76, which was also predicted for CbiX, but is distinct from the C-terminal active sites of CbiK and HemH. The biosynthetic model reactions using SirB, Co2+ and uroporphyrin I or protoporphyrin IX as a SHC analogue revealed that SirB showed chelatase activity for uroporphyrin I, but not for protoporphyrin IX. Simulations of tetrapyrroles docking to SirB provided an insight into its tetrapyrrole substrate recognition: SHC and uroporphyrin I were suitably bound beside the Co2+ ion-binding site at the active site cavity; protoporphyrin IX was also docked to the active site but its orientation was different from those of the other two tetrapyrroles. Summarizing the present data, it was proposed that the key structural features for substrate recognition of SirB could be the hydrophobic area at the active site as well as the substituents of the tetrapyrroles.
|
['Amino Acids', 'Bacillus subtilis', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Cobalt', 'Crystallization', 'Ferrochelatase', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Conformation', 'Tetrapyrroles', 'Uroporphyrins']
| 30,778,451
|
[['D12.125'], ['B03.300.390.400.158.218.725', 'B03.353.500.100.218.725', 'B03.510.100.100.218.725', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.725', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.725'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.098', 'G03.493.100'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['D01.268.556.185', 'D01.268.956.155', 'D01.552.544.185'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D08.811.520.500', 'D12.776.157.427.374.375.957', 'D12.776.556.579.374.375.617', 'D12.776.575.562'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['D03.383.129.578.840', 'D03.633.400.909', 'D04.345.783'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.880', 'D03.633.400.909.500.880', 'D04.345.783.500.880', 'D23.767.727.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Diffuse Alveolar Septal Amyloidosis With Wild-Type Transthyretin With Spontaneous Lung Hematoma.
|
We experienced a mass formation in the right lower lobe in a patient with cardiac amyloidosis and heart failure. Radiologic findings of the chest showed no abnormality except a mass. The patient had non-valvular atrial fibrillation and was taking edoxaban. Surgical resection of the mass revealed a hematoma. Further pathologic evaluation revealed diffuse alveolar septal amyloidosis with transthyretin (ATTR). The genetic testing found no mutation in the TTR gene. Therefore, systemic wild-type TTR amyloidosis (ATTRwt) was confirmed. Alveolar septal ATTRwt is rare and patient had alveolar septal ATTRwt with spontaneous lung hematoma.
|
['Aged', 'Amyloid', 'Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Heart Failure', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases', 'Male', 'Prealbumin', 'Pulmonary Alveoli']
| 30,009,808
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D05.500.049', 'D12.776.049'], ['C10.574.500.050', 'C10.668.829.050.050', 'C16.320.400.050', 'C16.320.565.176.050', 'C18.452.648.176.050', 'C18.452.845.500.050.050', 'C18.452.845.500.075.050'], ['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['C14.280.434'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381'], ['D12.776.034.841.450', 'D12.776.124.727.750'], ['A04.411.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[The inhibition of keratoplasty rejection with topical cyclosporin A].
|
23 postoperative patients of keratoplasty were instilled 1% cyclosporin A eyedrops in addition to routine systemic corticosteroids, with reduced rate of rejection and increased rate of transparency of the corneal grafts. The values of OKT3, OKT4/OKT8 ratio, and Et-RFC were also reduced in comparison with those of the controls, indicating that the cyclosporin A eyedrops were effective in inhibiting corneal rejection.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'CD4-CD8 Ratio', 'Child', 'Cyclosporine', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Keratoplasty, Penetrating', 'Middle Aged', 'Ophthalmic Solutions']
| 1,818,823
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150.160', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150.160', 'G12.248'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.147.725.225.350', 'E04.540.825.374.350', 'E04.936.580.225.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D26.776.708.645', 'D27.505.954.578.645', 'D27.720.752.608']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Aortic Valve Replacement after Balloon Valvuloplasty for Aortic Valve Stenosis in a Dialysis Patient with Cardiogenic Shock;Report of a Case].
|
A 67-year-old man on chronic hemodialysis was admitted with worsening congestive heart failure due to critical aortic stenosis. Echocardiography showed severe aortic stenosis with a valve area of 0.67 cm2 and an ejection fraction of 0.31. Cardiac catheterization revealed severe pulmonary hypertension with pulmonary artery pressures of 62/32 mmHg. In the middle of cardiac catheterization, the systolic pressure declined to 60 mmHg due to cardiogenic shock. Dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride infusions were necessary to maintain a systolic pressure greater than 80 mmHg. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty was urgently performed. The patient's symptoms rapidly resolved except for angina on exertion. One month later, elective aortic valve replacement was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the he was discharged on the 60th postoperative day. A follow-up echocardiogram 6 months postoperatively revealed normal prosthetic valve function and an ejection fraction of 0.6.
|
['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Balloon Valvuloplasty', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Shock, Cardiogenic']
| 26,066,880
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.541.510.110'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E02.148.108', 'E05.157.125'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['C14.280.647.500.750', 'C14.907.585.500.750', 'C23.550.513.355.750.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750.750', 'C23.550.835.550']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A multicenter phase II study of combined chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer (KDOG 0601).
|
PURPOSE: We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a triplet regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer.METHODS: Docetaxel (40 mg/m(2)) and cisplatin (70 or 60 mg/m(2)) were given on day 1 of a 28-day cycle. S-1 (40 mg/m(2)) was given twice daily on days 1-14. Treatment with this regimen was continued for a maximum of 6 cycles. Subsequently, patients with no disease progression received a combination of docetaxel and S-1.RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients were enrolled. The median number of administered cycles was 8 (range, 1-25). Because some patients had serious myelosuppression and renal dysfunction with 70 mg/m(2) of cisplatin, dose of cisplatin was reduced to 60 mg/m(2) after 19 patients had been treated. Common severe toxic effects of grade 3 or 4 were leukocytopenia (44%), neutropenia (72%), anemia (15%), and febrile neutropenia (14%). The overall response rate of this group was 81% (95% confidence interval (CI), 71-91%). The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 18.5 (95% CI, 15.6-21.5) and 8.7 (95% CI, 6.7-10.7) months, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Triplet of docetaxel, cisplatin, and S-1 is a well-tolerated and highly active regimen for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. A 60 mg/m(2) of cisplatin is as effective as 70 mg/m(2) of cisplatin.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anemia', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cisplatin', 'Docetaxel', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Leukopenia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neutropenia', 'Oxonic Acid', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Taxoids', 'Tegafur', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 21,796,483
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C15.378.071'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.389', 'D02.455.849.291.850.389'], ['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C15.378.553.546'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['C15.378.553.546.184.564'], ['D03.383.931.640'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888', 'D02.455.849.291.850'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404.850'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hfr mapping of mutations in Bordetella pertussis that define a genetic locus involved in virulence gene regulation.
|
We report the development of techniques for the genetic mapping of point mutations in the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A plasmid vector which is self-transmissible by conjugation and which, by insertion into the B. pertussis chromosome, can mobilize chromosomal sequences during conjugation with a recipient B. pertussis bacterium has been constructed. This vector is used in conjunction with a set of strains containing kanamycin resistance gene insertions at defined physical locations in the B. pertussis genome. In crosses between these donor strains and a mutant recipient strain, transfer of a chromosomal segment flanking the kanamycin resistance gene insertion is selected for, and the percentage of exconjugants which reacquire the wild-type trait is scored. In this way the linkage of the mutant allele to these markers, and thus the approximate chromosomal position of the mutant allele, is determined. We have used this genetic system to map a newly described locus in B. pertussis involved in the regulation of the virulence genes ptx (pertussis toxin) and cya (adenylate cyclase toxin).
|
['Adenylate Cyclase Toxin', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Bordetella pertussis', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Conjugation, Genetic', 'Crosses, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pertussis Toxin', 'Plasmids', 'Point Mutation', 'Protein Precursors', 'Virulence', 'Virulence Factors, Bordetella']
| 7,961,497
|
[['D08.811.520.650.200.040', 'D23.946.123.946.040', 'D23.946.896.980.040'], ['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B03.440.400.425.115.425.600', 'B03.660.075.090.344.425.600'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['G05.728.200'], ['E05.393.281'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D08.811.913.400.725.115.680', 'D23.946.123.946.690', 'D23.946.896.980.690'], ['G05.360.600'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['D12.776.811'], ['G06.930'], ['D23.946.123.946', 'D23.946.896.980']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Glycogen synthase kinase 3â promotes osteogenic differentiation of murine adipose-derived stromal cells.
|
Although the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3â (GSK3â) in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) is well-characterized as a negative regulator of â-catenin, its effect on osteogenesis of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) is poorly understood. Here, we show that GSK3â positively regulates osteogenic differentiation of murine ADSCs. Gain-of-function studies showed that GSK3â promotes in vitro osteogenesis of ADSCs. Regulation of GSK3â activity in ADSCs, either by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated GSK3â silencing or by pharmacological inhibitors, blunted osteogenesis and the expression of osteogenic markers. Importantly, we demonstrated that transgenic mice, engineered to overexpress the constitutively active GSK3â (GSK3â-S9A) mutant, exhibited a marked increase in osteogenesis, whereas expression of the catalytically inactive GSK3â (GSK3â-K85A) in mice inhibits osteogenic differentiation. Molecular analyses showed that the enhanced osteoblast differentiation induced by GSK3â was mediated by downregulation of â-catenin. Remarkably, â-catenin silencing enhances osteogenesis and osteoblast marker gene expression such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osterix. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a novel role for GSK3â in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in ADSCs.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Osteogenesis', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Stromal Cells']
| 23,342,170
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['D05.500.117.875.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500', 'D12.644.360.300.500.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875.500', 'D12.776.476.300.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['A11.329.830']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activity of New Enantiopure Aminoalcoholpyrrolo[ 1,2-a]quinoxalines.
|
BACKGROUND: We prepared a novel series of enantiopure mefloquine analogues with pyrrolo[ 1,2-a]quinoxaline core in order to fight Plasmodium falciparum resistant strain.OBJECTIVES: To observe the influence of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline core versus quinoline core on the antimalarial activity.METHOD: Four enantiopure aminoalcoholpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines 2 were synthetized via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction in eight steps. Their antimalarial activity was evaluated on two Plasmodium falciparum strains 3D7 and W2 with a SYBR Green I fluorescence-based method and their cytotoxicity was measured on four cell lines HepG2, THP-1, CHO and HFF.RESULTS: IC50 values of the four compounds 2 were close to the micromolar against the two P. falciparum strains. They were more active against P. falciparum strain W2 vs. P. falciparum strain 3D7. (R)- enantiomers were always more active than their (S)-counterpart whatever the strain. Selectivity indexes of compounds 2 were lower than 100.CONCLUSION: A novel series of enantiopure aminoalcohols with pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline core were synthesized in eight steps. They displayed IC50 values close to the micromolar against two P. falciparum strains 3D7 and W2. Although, In this series, 2,8-bistrifluoromethylquinoline was a best core than pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline for an optimal antimalarial activity, the pyrroloquinoxaline 2b showed an interesting antimalarial activity.
|
['Amino Alcohols', 'Animals', 'Antimalarials', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chloroquine', 'Cricetulus', 'Humans', 'Mefloquine', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Pyrroles', 'Quinoxalines', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 28,745,231
|
[['D02.033.100', 'D02.092.063'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.250.100.085'], ['A11.251.210.200', 'A11.436.155'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.633.100.810.050.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.410'], ['B01.043.075.380.611.561'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['D03.633.100.857'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Conformational analysis of a 4-hydroxyequilenin Guanine adduct using density functional theory.
|
Equilenin, a component of the drug Premarin (Wyeth), can be metabolized to a quinonoid, 4-hydroxyequilenin (4-OHEN). 4-OHEN can react with 2'-deoxynucleosides to form unusual cyclic adducts, among which 4-hydroxyequilenin-2'-deoxyguanosine (4-OHEN-dG) is the major product under physiological conditions. The structure and stereochemistry of one stereoisomer, 4-OHEN-dG1, has been obtained previously using electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR methods [Shen et al. (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 11126-11127]; however, details of the conformations around the linkage site have not yet been investigated. The objective of this paper was to determine the conformation at the five-membered ring linkage site for this adduct. We have carried out a computational investigation involving high level quantum mechanical geometry optimization using density functional theory (DFT) for the 4-hydroxyequilenin-guanine adduct (4-OHEN-G1). Our results reveal that there are three conformational families which differ in the puckering of the five-membered ring at the linkage site and in the cyclohexene-type A ring conformation. The overall structures of all three families are "V"-shaped; however, two are quite compact while the third is more open. The lowest energy structure contains a half chair-type cyclohexene A ring, while two structures whose energies are approximately 3-4 kcal/mol higher are boat-type. Since the Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding edge of the modified guanine is obstructed by the formation of this bulky nonplanar adduct, it likely would reside in a groove of the DNA double helix.
|
['Equilenin', 'Guanine', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Conformation', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 12,018,985
|
[['D04.210.500.365.415.215', 'D04.210.500.578.502.470', 'D06.472.334.851.437.249'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inducible myocardial ischemia and outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction.
|
OBJECTIVES: The study objectives were to test the hypotheses that ischemia during stress testing has prognostic value and identifies those patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who derive the greatest benefit from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with medical therapy.BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of stress-induced ischemia in patients with CAD and moderately to severely reduced LV ejection fraction (EF) is largely unknown.METHODS: The STICH (Surgical Treatment for IsChemic Heart Failure) trial randomized patients with CAD and EF ?35% to CABG or medical therapy. In the current study, we assessed the outcomes of those STICH patients who underwent a radionuclide (RN) stress test or a dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE). A test was considered positive for ischemia by RN testing if the summed difference score (difference in tracer activity between stress and rest) was ?4 or if ?2 of 16 segments were ischemic during DSE. Clinical endpoints were assessed by intention to treat during a median follow-up of 56 months.RESULTS: Of the 399 study patients (51 women, mean EF 26 ± 8%), 197 were randomized to CABG and 202 were randomized to medical therapy. Myocardial ischemia was induced during stress testing in 256 patients (64% of the study population). Patients with and without ischemia were similar in age, multivessel CAD, previous myocardial infarction, LV EF, LV volumes, and treatment allocation (all p = NS). There was no difference between patients with and without ischemia in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 1.50; p = 0.66), cardiovascular mortality, or all-cause mortality plus cardiovascular hospitalization. There was no interaction between ischemia and treatment for any clinical endpoint.CONCLUSIONS: In CAD with severe LV dysfunction, inducible myocardial ischemia does not identify patients with worse prognosis or those with greater benefit from CABG over optimal medical therapy. (Comparison of Surgical and Medical Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease [STICH]; NCT00023595).
|
['Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Echocardiography, Stress', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke Volume', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 23,500,234
|
[['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['C14.280.647.250.260', 'C14.907.137.126.339', 'C14.907.585.250.260'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.228', 'E01.370.350.850.220.228', 'E01.370.370.380.220.228'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882'], ['E02.319.913'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in children associated with afternoon weather changes.
|
We studied the effect of the weather on acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma in children by comparing records of 8,657 admissions for five acute respiratory diseases (3,064 for asthma) with concurrent meteorologic data. These diseases were classified according to their interrelations and distinct meteorologic patterns into two groups: (1) acute asthma and acute laryngitis, which are correlated with the afternoon gradients of air temperature, heat content (the thermal energy of the ambient air), and modified heat content factor (the energy required to heat the air water vapor to the ambient temperature), but not correlated with the absolute values of air temperature and water content: and (2), bronchopneumonia/pneumonia and upper respiratory infections, which are correlated only with the absolute values of the meteorologic parameters (air temperature, water content, heat content, and modified heat content factor), but not with their afternoon gradients. Admissions for bronchiolitis revealed an age-related pattern: up to 1 yr they resembled Group 2 and from 1 to 2 yr, Group 1. It follows that the admission rates of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in childhood are linked both to the afternoon weather gradients and to some of the acute respiratory infections.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adolescent', 'Asthma', 'Bronchiolitis', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Laryngitis', 'Meteorological Concepts', 'Pneumonia', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Temperature']
| 2,064,137
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['M01.060.057'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C01.748.099.135', 'C08.127.446.135', 'C08.381.495.146.135', 'C08.730.099.135'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['C01.748.368', 'C08.360.535', 'C08.730.368', 'C09.400.535'], ['G16.500.750', 'N06.230.300'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
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