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Borrelia burgdorferi linear plasmid 38 is dispensable for completion of the mouse-tick infectious cycle.
|
Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, exists in a complex enzootic cycle, transiting between its vector, Ixodes ticks, and a diverse range of vertebrate hosts. B. burgdorferi linear plasmid 38 (lp38) contains several genes that are differentially regulated in response to conditions mimicking the tick or mouse environments, suggesting that these plasmid-borne genes may encode proteins important for the B. burgdorferi infectious cycle. Some of these genes encode potential virulence factors, including hypothetical lipoproteins as well as a putative membrane transport system. To characterize the role of lp38 in the B. burgdorferi infectious cycle, we constructed a shuttle vector to selectively displace lp38 from the B. burgdorferi genome and analyzed the resulting clones to confirm the loss of lp38. We found that, in vitro, clones lacking lp38 were similar to isogenic wild-type bacteria, both in growth rate and in antigenic protein production. We analyzed these strains in an experimental mouse-tick infectious cycle, and our results demonstrate that clones lacking lp38 are fully infectious in a mouse, can efficiently colonize the tick vector, and are readily transmitted to a naive host.
|
['Animals', 'Arachnid Vectors', 'Borrelia burgdorferi', 'Female', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Ixodes', 'Lyme Disease', 'Mice', 'Plasmids', 'Virulence Factors']
| 21,708,994
|
[['B01.050'], ['N06.850.335.188.100.100', 'N06.850.520.203.375.100.100'], ['B03.440.425.410.711.193.150.125', 'B03.851.595.193.150.125'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.832.400.425'], ['C01.150.252.400.536', 'C01.150.252.400.794.352.250', 'C01.920.930.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D23.946.896']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Phosphagens and glycogen content in skeletal muscle after treadmill training in young and old rats.
|
The concentration of creatine phosphate (CrP), ATP, ADP, AMP and glycogen were measured in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and in quadriceps muscles of 3, 6, 24, and 27 months old male Wistar rats groups. Young (3 months) and old (24 months) rats were trained for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, with running exercise session. Each training session was of 2 h. In sedentary groups and for both muscles, CrP, ATP, ADP, and glycogen contents decrease with aging (between 6 and 27 months). In spite of an AMP increase, total adenosine nucleotides (TAN) decrease significantly between 6-27 months (P less than 0.01) from 6.11 to 5.11 (EDL) and from 5.59 to 4.65 (quadriceps) mumol X g-1 wet weight muscle. After 12 weeks of physical training, the mean values of CrP, TAN, and glycogen were improved in both young and old rat groups. Moreover, the ATP/ADP ratios and the energy charge of the adenylate system were unrelated to age, but training decreases significantly the mean value of energy charge in both young and old groups. These results suggest that, as far as energy-rich phosphagen metabolism is concerned young and old muscles show the same pattern response to training.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Monophosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Aging', 'Animals', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Glycogen', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'Phosphocreatine', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats']
| 6,539,680
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.180', 'D13.695.667.138.180', 'D13.695.827.068.180'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.295'], ['D05.750.078.562.388', 'D09.698.365.388'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D12.125.373.603', 'D12.125.740.675'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Emotional stimuli and motor conversion disorder.
|
Conversion disorder is characterized by neurological signs and symptoms related to an underlying psychological issue. Amygdala activity to affective stimuli is well characterized in healthy volunteers with greater amygdala activity to both negative and positive stimuli relative to neutral stimuli, and greater activity to negative relative to positive stimuli. We investigated the relationship between conversion disorder and affect by assessing amygdala activity to affective stimuli. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a block design incidental affective task with fearful, happy and neutral face stimuli and compared valence contrasts between 16 patients with conversion disorder and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. The patients with conversion disorder had positive movements such as tremor, dystonia or gait abnormalities. We also assessed functional connectivity between the amygdala and regions associated with motor preparation. A group by affect valence interaction was observed. Post hoc analyses revealed that whereas healthy volunteers had greater right amygdala activity to fearful versus neutral compared with happy versus neutral as expected, there were no valence differences in patients with conversion disorder. There were no group differences observed. The time course analysis also revealed greater right amygdala activity in patients with conversion disorder for happy stimuli (t = 2.96, P = 0.006) (with a trend for fearful stimuli, t = 1.81, P = 0.08) compared with healthy volunteers, with a pattern suggestive of impaired amygdala habituation even when controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Using psychophysiological interaction analysis, patients with conversion disorder had greater functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the right supplementary motor area during both fearful versus neutral, and happy versus neutral 'stimuli' compared with healthy volunteers. These results were confirmed with Granger Causality Modelling analysis indicating a directional influence from the right amygdala to the right supplementary motor area to happy stimuli (P < 0.05) with a similar trend observed to fearful stimuli (P = 0.07). Our data provide a potential neural mechanism that may explain why psychological or physiological stressors can trigger or exacerbate conversion disorder symptoms in some patients. Greater functional connectivity of limbic regions influencing motor preparatory regions during states of arousal may underlie the pathophysiology of motor conversion symptoms.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Amygdala', 'Conversion Disorder', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Cortex', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Young Adult']
| 20,371,508
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211.180.090', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.152'], ['F03.875.300'], ['F01.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Reaction of deoxyguanosine with nitrous acid.
|
We reinvestigated the reaction of dGuo in the presence of nitrous acid by reversed phase HPLC (RPLC) analysis. When 10 mM deoxyguanosine (dGuo) was treated with 100 mM NaNO2 in 3.0 M acetate buffer (pH 3.7) at 37 degrees C, unknown peak appeared in large amount (yield 19.7% at 2 h, 28.7% at 6 h). The yield of this newly found compound, denoted as 1, arose with increasing H+ concentration and was maximal at 50 degrees C. 1 has small depurination rate constant. If no enzymatic repair system for 1 exists, 1 would have strong mutagenic ability.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Deoxyguanosine', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mutagens', 'Nitrous Acid']
| 8,841,605
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.633.100.759.590.454.240', 'D13.570.230.360', 'D13.570.583.454.240'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D01.029.260.575', 'D01.625.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Self-construals and values in different cultural and socioeconomic contexts.
|
In this study the authors investigated (a) how individuational and relational self-orientations, as well as self-directed and other-directed values, are related to one another, and (b) how these self- and value orientations differ across 2 cultural (i.e., 422 Turkish and 441 American university students) and 2 socioeconomic status (SES) groups (i.e., 186 lower SES and 167 upper SES Turkish high school students). Across cross-cultural and SES groups, individuational and relational self-orientations appeared to be not opposite but distinct orientations, as predicted by the Balanced Integration-Differentiation (BID) model (E. O. Imamoglu, 2003). Furthermore, both Turkish and American students with similar self-construal types, as suggested by the BID model, showed similar value orientations, pointing to both cross-cultural similarities and within-cultural diversity. Individuational and relational self-orientations showed weak to moderate associations with the respective value domains of self-directedness and other-directedness, which seemed to represent separate but somewhat positively correlated orientations. In both cross-cultural and SES groups, students tended to be high in both relational and individuational self-orientations; those trends were particularly strong among the Turkish and American women compared with men and among the upper SES Turkish adolescents compared with lower SES adolescents. Results are discussed as contesting the assumptions that regard the individuational and relational orientations as opposites and as supporting the search for invariant aspects of psychological functioning across contexts.
|
['Adult', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Identification', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,259,380
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.076.201.450', 'I01.880.853.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.145.813.708'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Identification of the in vitro phosphorylation sites on Gs alpha mediated by pp60c-src.
|
Overexpression of pp60c-src in mouse fibroblasts potentiates both agonist-induced signalling through beta-adrenergic receptors and cyclic AMP accumulation in response to cholera toxin [Bushman, Wilson, Luttrell, Moyers and Parsons (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 7462-7466; Moyers, Bouton and Parsons (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 2391-2400]. In reconstitution experiments in vitro, phosphorylation of Gs alpha by immune-complexed pp60c-src resulted in enhanced rates of receptor-mediated guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) binding and GTP hydrolysis [Hausdorff, Pitcher, Luttrell, Linder, Kurose, Parsons, Caron and Lefkowitz (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 5720-5724]. These results suggest that one mechanism by which pp60c-src affects signalling through the beta-adrenergic receptor is by phosphorylation and functional alteration of the G protein. To elucidate how phosphorylation of Gs alpha might affect its function, we subjected phosphorylated, recombinant Gs alpha to tryptic phosphopeptide analysis. Phosphotryptic peptides were purified by h.p.l.c. and analysed by Edman degradation to determine the cycle numbers at which radiolabelled phosphotyrosine was released. Candidate peptides that contained Tyr residues at the corresponding positions were synthesized, phosphorylated in vitro by pp60c-src, and their migrations in two-dimensional electrophoresis/t.l.c. were compared with those of tryptic phosphopeptides from intact Gs alpha. We report here that Gs alpha is phosphorylated on two residues by pp60c-src, namely, Tyr-37 and Tyr-377. Tyr-37 lies near the site of beta gamma binding in the N-terminus, within a region postulated to modulate GDP dissociation and activation by GTP [Johnson, Dhanasekaran, Gupta, Lowndes, Vaillancourt and Ruoho (1991) J. Cell Biochem. 47, 136-146], while Tyr-377 is located in the extreme C-terminus, within a region of Gs alpha important for receptor interaction [Sullivan, Miller, Masters, Beiderman, Heideman and Bourne (1987) Nature (London) 334, 712-715]. The location of these residues suggests that phosphorylation may affect the function of both of these regulatory domains.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Birds', 'Cattle', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotyrosine', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, beta', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Signal Transduction', 'Trypsin', 'Tyrosine']
| 7,530,445
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.644.717'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.750', 'D12.125.740.740'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.800.630', 'D12.776.624.664.700.202'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.340', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.340'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.895', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.895'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Execution of BMP-4-induced apoptosis by p53-dependent ER dysfunction in myeloma and B-cell hybridoma cells.
|
Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-4 inhibits proliferation and induces the apoptosis of myeloma cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of how BMP-4 executes this apoptosis. In this report, we investigated the roles of p53 and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in BMP-4-induced apoptosis of mouse hybridoma HS-72 cells. We found that 3 ng/ml of BMP-4 is sufficient to induce the expression of proapoptotic proteins, puma and bax, in a p53-dependent mechanism, and facilitate Ca(2+) release from the ER to the cytosol, resulting in the activation of caspase-12 and ER dysfunction. Similarly to HS-72 cells, multiple myeloma cells with wild-type p53 genes show much higher sensitivity to BMP-4-induced apoptosis than cells without wild-type p53 genes, suggesting that wild-type p53 status is required for dysfunction of the ER during BMP-4-induced apoptosis in ER-enriched cells, such as hybridoma and myeloma cells. These findings demonstrate that the presence of wild-type p53 genes and enrichment of the ER determines the sensitivity to effective apoptosis by BMP-4, and suggest that ER stress-inducing agents would be valuable in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Hybridomas', 'Immunoblotting', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 16,449,972
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['D12.644.276.954.200.400', 'D12.776.467.942.200.400', 'D23.529.942.200.400'], ['D12.644.276.954.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200', 'D23.529.942.200'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.353.485', 'A11.251.600.485'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Alpha 2plasmin-inhibitor . plasmin complex (PIC)--useful diagnostic and prognostic parameter].
|
To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of PIC, we compared it with the DIC score (which is calculated from platelet count, fibrinogen, FDP, and prothrombin time). We examined 182 samples from 60 patients with coaglo-fibrinolytic abnormalities. For the diagnosis of DIC, the sensitivity of PIC was significantly higher than that of DIC score (78.46% vs 43.08%; chi 2-test p less than 0.01), although the specificity of PIC was significantly lower than that of DIC score (32.48% vs 69.23%; chi 2-test p less than 0.01). For the prediction of prognosis, the peak value of PIC and DIC score during the patient's clinical course were evaluated. The non-survivors (n = 33) had significantly higher levels of peak PIC and DIC scores than the survivors (n = 27) (peak PIC: 6.1 + 9.0 micrograms/ml vs 2.2 + 3.3, p less than 0.05; peak DIC score: 4.6 + 2.4 points vs 3.3 + 2.2, p less than 0.05). The patients with a peak PIC of more than 4.0 micrograms/ml had a mortality of over 90%. These results show that PIC is a useful diagnostic and prognostic parameter.
|
['Aged', 'Antifibrinolytic Agents', 'Biomarkers', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Female', 'Fibrinolysin', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'alpha-2-Antiplasmin']
| 1,833,570
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.519.421.500', 'D27.505.954.502.270.463.091'], ['D23.101'], ['C15.378.100.220', 'C15.378.463.250', 'C15.378.925.220'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.330', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D12.644.861.050', 'D12.776.124.790.106.090', 'D12.776.377.715.085.090', 'D12.776.395.080', 'D12.776.872.050']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Full backbone assignment and dynamics of the intrinsically disordered dehydrin ERD14.
|
Dehydrins are a class of stress proteins that belong to the family of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins in plants, so named because they are highly expressed in late stages of seed formation. In somatic cells, their expression is very low under normal conditions, but increases critically upon dehydration elicited by water stress, high salinity or cold. Dehydrins are thought to be intrinsically disordered proteins, which represents a challenge in understanding their structure-function relationship. Herein we present the backbone (1)H, (15)N and (13)C NMR assignment of the 185 amino acid long ERD14 (Early Response to Dehydration 14), which is a K(3)S-type, typical dehydrin of A. thaliana. Secondary chemical shifts as well as NMR relaxation data show that ERD14 is fully disordered under near native conditions, with short regions of somewhat restricted motion and 5-25% helical propensity. These results suggest that ERD14 may have partially preformed elements for functional interaction with its partner(s) and set the stage for further detailed structural and functional studies of ERD14 both in vitro and in vivo.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Isotopes', 'Molecular Chaperones', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Plant Proteins']
| 21,336,827
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['D01.496'], ['D12.776.580'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['D12.776.765']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The transition from acute care to home: a review of issues in discharge teaching and a framework for better practice.
|
Patients are often sent home with complex discharge plans that can become overwhelming and difficult to follow. By contrast, implementing effective teaching at the time of discharge can lead to a decrease in the rate of hospital readmissions and mortality for patients post discharge (Koelling, Johnson, Cody, & Aaronson, 2005). Unfortunately, many of the discharge teaching practices and programs used in health care settings have been criticized as being ineffective. Ensuring that patients are prepared for the transition from hospital to home after a cardiac event will require a fundamental shift in how teaching is performed in acute care settings. In this paper, the authors identify and examine models and concepts relevant to improving the process of providing discharge education in acute care settings. This includes attention to adult education, self-management and patient-centred care. A practical framework was developed: Important Elements of Effective Discharge Teaching. This framework can be used by frontline staff to initiate realistic practice change and promote the use of evidence-based strategies related to discharge teaching in acute care settings. The Important Elements of Effective Discharge Teaching framework provides health care practitioners with a tool to evaluate and reflect on their current professional practice and provides examples of teaching strategies that are based on best evidence. Nurses can incorporate elements of this framework while providing health teaching to patients after a cardiac event.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiac Rehabilitation', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Critical Care', 'Evidence-Based Nursing', 'Female', 'Home Care Services', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Patient Discharge', 'Patient Education as Topic']
| 23,984,482
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.185', 'E02.831.185', 'H02.403.680.600.250', 'N02.421.784.244'], ['E02.760.169', 'N02.421.585.169', 'N04.590.233.727.210'], ['E02.760.190', 'N02.421.585.190'], ['H02.249.875', 'H02.478.197'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['E02.760.169.125', 'E02.760.400.610', 'N02.421.585.169.125', 'N02.421.585.400.610', 'N04.590.233.727.210.125'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of diazepam on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone cAMP levels in cats.
|
Cyclic AMP has been suggested as a possible intracellular mediator in bone remodeling during tooth movement. Accordingly, an increase in the level of this nucleotide should result in faster tooth movement. Breakdown of cAMP was inhibited by administration of diazepam in eight cats undergoing orthodontic tooth movement; another matched group of eight animals served as controls. Orthodontic appliances consisted of coil springs stretching between the right side maxillary and mandibular canines and third premolars. The data for tooth movement and cAMP concentrations were analyzed by repeated measures factorial analyses of variance. The results indicated that administration of diazepam increased the rate of tooth movement at P less than 0.0005 and, interestingly, although diazepam had no effect on undisturbed tissues, it lowered the cAMP levels in the periodontal tissues of orthodontically moved teeth at P less than 0.01. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the concentration of cAMP did not correlate with bone remodeling in this model and perhaps should not be used as an index of periodontal-tissue response during orthodontic tooth movement.
|
['Alveolar Process', 'Animals', 'Cats', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Diazepam', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth', 'Tooth Movement Techniques']
| 3,017,093
|
[['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D03.633.100.079.080.070.216'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A14.549.167.860'], ['E06.658.578.836']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels among women in Hawaii and Japan with different levels of tofu intake.
|
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been proposed as the link between diet and breast cancer risk. Due to their estrogen-like structure, soy isoflavones may affect IGF-I levels in a similar way as exogenous estrogens. In a cross-sectional design, we compared IGF-I levels between women with high and low soy intake. The analysis included 611 pre- and postmenopausal women: Japanese in Japan and Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii. The subjects had participated in a previous study, were never diagnosed with breast cancer, provided a screening mammogram and a blood sample, and completed validated food-frequency questionnaires. The same laboratory analyzed all serum samples for IGF-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We estimated covariate-adjusted mean IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels by tofu intake. The respective mean IGF-I levels were 213, 257, and 255 ng/ml for Japanese in Japan, Japanese in Hawaii, and Caucasians in Hawaii. Tofu intake was higher in Japan than among Japanese and Caucasians in Hawaii (11.0 vs. 9.4 and 4.9 g/1,000 kcal). Mean IGF-I levels were 11% lower among women in the highest tofu intake category compared with the lowest, but the difference in IGF-I levels between the highest and lowest tofu category was only significant among women in Japan. Inclusion of total energy, total protein, meat, and dairy intake did not materially alter the association between tofu consumption and IGF-I levels. These findings suggest that a diet rich in soy foods and low in meats may be related to lower IGF-I levels, but it is unclear whether soy or other characteristics of diet and lifestyle are responsible for this association.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diet Surveys', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hawaii', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Isoflavones', 'Japan', 'Mammography', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Premenopause', 'Risk Factors', 'Soy Foods', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,474,858
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.318.308.980.485.350', 'N05.715.360.300.800.469.300', 'N06.850.505.616.300', 'N06.850.520.308.980.469.350'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.375', 'Z01.639.760.815.482'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.157.420.270'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.350.700.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.625', 'G08.686.841.249.500.625'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G07.203.200.775', 'G07.203.300.850.450.500', 'J02.350.775', 'J02.500.850.800.500'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Accidental severance of epidural catheter used in a patient with postoperative delirium].
|
A 79-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm had a lumbar epidural catheter inserted for postoperative pain control of bypass graft surgery with continuous epidural analgesia. Five days after the operation, we noticed that forced traction by the patient with delirium had led to the catheter tip being separated and left behind in his body. The remaining portion of the catheter was detected using a lateral lumbar roentgenogram and CT imaging, and it was later removed surgically. We conclude that it was necessary to change the method of analgesia in this patient, since it was difficult to maintain the epidural catheter.
|
['Aged', 'Anesthesia, Epidural', 'Catheterization', 'Delirium', 'Equipment Failure', 'Foreign Bodies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Period', 'Spine']
| 15,198,244
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E03.155.086.131'], ['E02.148', 'E05.157'], ['C10.597.606.337.500', 'C23.888.592.604.339.500', 'F01.700.250.500', 'F03.615.350'], ['E05.325'], ['C26.392'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750'], ['A02.835.232.834']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Echocardiographic follow-up of congenital aortic valvular stenosis.
|
We investigated the morphology of the stenotic aortic valve, the progression of the stenosis, and the onset and progression of aortic regurgitation (AR) in patients with congenital aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). The medical records of 278 patients with AVS were reviewed, with the patients with concomitant lesions besides AR excluded. Very mild aortic stenosis was defined as a transvalvular Doppler peak systolic instantaneous gradient (PSIG) less than 25 mmHg, mild stenosis as 25-49 mmHg, moderate stenosis as 50-75 mmHg, and severe stenosis as more than 75 mmHg. The mean age of the patients was 4.9 +/- 4.3 years (range, 3 days to 15 years), and 203 (73%) were male. The number of the cusps was determined with two-dimensional echocardiography in 266 patients (95%): unicuspid in 3 patients (1%), bicuspid in 127 patients (48%), and tricuspid in 136 patients (51%). A total of 192 of all patients were followed for 2 months to 14.6 years (mean 4.2 +/- 3.3 years) with medical treatment alone. Among 72 patients with very mild stenosis at initial echocardiographic examination, 20% had mild, 3% moderate, and 1% severe stenosis after a mean period of 3.7 years. In 70 patients with mild stenosis at initial echocardiographic examination, 28% had moderate and 9% severe stenosis after a mean period of 5 years. Among 44 patients with moderate stenosis at initial echocardiographic examination, 36% had severe stenosis after a mean period of 3.7 years. Among 192 patients, 40% had AR (3% trivial, 28% mild, and 9% moderate) at initial echocardiographic examination. After a mean period of 4.2 years, 58% of the patients had AR (13 % trivial, 25% mild, 16% moderate, and 4% severe). There was not statistically significant difference between catheterization peak systolic gradients (47 +/- 16 mmHg) and Doppler estimated mean gradients (45 +/- 9 mmHg) (p = 0.53), whereas Doppler PSIGs (74.9 +/- 15.7 mmHg) were higher than catheterization peak systolic gradients (p < 0.0001) in 25 patients who were studied in the catheterization lab. Patients with very mild stenosis may be followed with a noninvasive approach every 1 or 2 years, and an annual follow-up is suggested for patients with mild stenosis. Nearly one-third of patients with moderate stenosis at initial echocardiographic examination had severe stenosis after a mean period of 3.7 years. Therefore, we recommend, that patients with moderate stenosis undergo noninvasive evaluation every 6 months. Doppler estimated mean gradient is very useful in predicting the need for intervention in children with AVS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Aortic Valve Insufficiency', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Disease Progression', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Color', 'Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 17,111,293
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C14.280.484.048.500'], ['C14.280.484.048.750', 'C14.280.955.249'], ['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.220', 'E01.370.350.850.850.850.850.220', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.220'], ['E01.370.350.130.750.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.220.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.220.225', 'E01.370.350.850.850.860.225', 'E01.370.370.380.220.220.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Estimating the contribution of surfactant replacement therapy to the alveolar pool: An in vivo study based on 13
|
Variation of the isotopic abundance of selected nutrients and molecules has been used for pharmacological and kinetics studies under the premise that the administered molecule has a different isotopic enrichment from the isotopic background of the recipient subject. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of assessing the contribution of exogenous surfactant phospholipids to the endogenous alveolar pool in vivo after exogenous surfactant replacement therapy in rabbits. The study consisted in measuring the consistency of 13 C/12 C ratio of disaturated-phosphatidylcholine palmitate (DSPC-PA) in 7 lots of poractant alfa, produced over a year, and among bronchoalveolar lavages of 20 rabbits fed with a standard chow. A pilot study was performed in a rabbit model of lavage-induced surfactant deficiency: 7 control rabbits and 4 treated with exogenous surfactant. The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool was assessed after intra-tracheal administration of 200 mg/kg of poractant alfa. The 13 C content of DSPC-PA was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The mean DSPC-PA 13 C/12 C ratio of the 7 lots of poractant alfa was -18.8‰ with a SD of 0.1‰ (range: -18.9‰; -18.6‰). The mean 13 C/12 C ratio of surfactant DSPC recovered from the lung lavage of 20 rabbits was -28.8 ± 1.2‰ (range: -31.7‰; -25.7‰). The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the total alveolar surfactant could be calculated in the treated rabbits, and it ranged from 83.9% to 89.6%. This pilot study describes a novel method to measure the contribution of the exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool. This method is based on the natural variation of 13 C, and therefore it does not require the use of chemically synthetized tracers. This method could be useful in human research and especially in surfactant replacement studies in preterm infants.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Products', 'Carbon Isotopes', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Phospholipids', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Pulmonary Surfactants', 'Rabbits']
| 29,633,450
|
[['B01.050'], ['D20.215'], ['D01.268.150.075', 'D01.496.123'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.570.755'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['A04.411.715'], ['D27.505.954.796.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Conservative evaluation of space radiation dose equivalent using the glow curve of 7LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-700).
|
For conservative evaluation of dose equivalent in space, a simple method using two glow peaks in TLD-700 has been proposed. This method is superior to the method using the two-peak ratio in terms of following the 1990 ICRP recommendation. Dependence of each peak on LET was confirmed using relativistic heavy-ion beams (He, C, Ne, Ar, and Kr) at NIRS-HIMAC. TL values as gamma-ray absorbed-dose equivalent of both peak areas were additionally combined to conservatively estimate a dose equivalent over a range of LET of 0.5-440 keV microm(-1). This method was tested in an 8.8-d Shuttle-Mir mission (STS-89) at 400 km x 51.65 degrees. The dose-equivalent rates obtained at two positions in the Spacehab module were about 0.9 mSv d(-1); this result is reasonable in a conservative sense.
|
['Extraterrestrial Environment', 'Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Linear Energy Transfer', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiometry', 'Space Flight', 'Temperature']
| 11,388,727
|
[['G01.060.075.159', 'G16.500.275.240'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.154.240.400', 'G02.111.255.400', 'G02.216.400'], ['E05.599'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['E05.799'], ['J01.937.285.850'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Distribution of silicone oil in prefilled glass syringes probed with optical and spectroscopic methods.
|
Prefilled glass syringes (PFSs) have become the most commonly used device for the delivery of recombinant protein therapeutics in parenteral formulations. In particular, auto-injectors preloaded with PFSs greatly facilitate the convenient and efficient self-administration of protein therapeutics by patients. Silicone oil is used as a lubricant in PFSs to facilitate the smooth motion of the plunger during injection. However, there have been few sophisticated analytical techniques that can qualitatively and quantitatively characterize in-situ the morphology, thickness, and distribution of silicone oil in PFSs. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of three optical techniques including confocal Raman microscopy, Schlieren optics, and thin film interference reflectometry to visualize and characterize silicone oil distribution in PFS. The results showed that a container coating process could produce unevenly distributed silicone oil on the glass barrel of PFSs. An insufficiency of the amount of silicone oil on the glass barrel of a PFS can cause stalling when the device is preloaded into an auto-injector. These analytical techniques can be applied to monitor the silicone oil distribution in PFSs.
|
['Microscopy, Interference', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Silicone Oils', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Syringes']
| 19,634,353
|
[['E01.370.350.515.513', 'E05.490.630', 'E05.595.513'], ['D12.776.828'], ['D02.756.650.700.800', 'D05.750.900.850.950', 'D25.720.900.850.950', 'J01.637.051.720.900.850.950'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['E07.877']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in hospital-acquired infections: Concomitant analysis of antimicrobial resistant strains.
|
BACKGROUND: Hospital-acquired infections caused by K pneumoniae are difficult to eradicate since K pneumoniae carries resistance genes for many antimicrobials, including carbapenems. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by multiple drug-resistant K pneumoniae and identify carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance by phenotypic and genotypic methods amongst hospitalised patients.METHODS: Two hundred and fifty samples from patients with hospital-acquired infections were included. Identification and susceptibility testing for K pneumoniae isolates was performed by standard methods. The detection of carbapenemase resistance (blaKPC , blaVIM-1 and blaOXA-48 ) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR; qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) genes was performed using PCR assay.RESULTS: Out of 250 samples, 42 (16.8%) were multiple drug-resistant K pneumoniae, and the frequency of K Pneumoniae isolation was higher in urine samples, in the age group (<10 years), in ICU and in patients with longer hospital stay. Twenty-four (57%) of the isolates were resistant to Meropenem, 13 (31%) were resistant to Imipenem and 35 (83.3%) were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. blaOXA-48 gene was detected in 9 (21.4%) of isolates, and blaVIM-1 gene was detected in 6 (14.3%) of isolates. However, no isolate harboured blaKPC gene. PMQR genes were detected in 100% of ciprofloxacin resistant isolates, and qnrS was the dominant.CONCLUSION: Multidrug-resistant K pneumoniae isolates harbouring blaOXA-48, blaVIM-1 and PMQR genes are emerging in hospitals particularly with long hospital stays.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Child', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Cross Infection', 'Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Imipenem', 'Klebsiella Infections', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Meropenem', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Young Adult', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 31,830,351
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['M01.060.406'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['G06.099.225.812', 'G06.225.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.812', 'G07.690.773.984.300.500'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.500', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.500'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.503'], ['B03.440.450.425.425.600', 'B03.660.250.150.400.590'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['D02.065.589.099.124.300.750', 'D03.633.100.300.124.300.750'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Neural correlates of motor-sensory temporal recalibration.
|
The relative timing of a motor-sensory event can be recalibrated after exposure to delayed visual feedback. Here we examined the neural consequences of lag adaptation using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants tapped their finger on a pad, which triggered a flash either after a short delay (0 ms/50 ms) or a long delay (100 ms/150 ms). Following the exposure phase, they judged the temporal order of a synchronous tap-flash test stimulus. The synchronous flash was more often perceived to occur before the tap after exposure to long than short delays, indicating that the temporal relation between the tap and the flash was realigned. ERPs evoked by the synchronous tap-flash test stimulus showed that adaptation to delayed flashes caused an early attenuation of the visual P1 (85 ms-150 ms), and a later negativity at central electrodes (N450). The P1-attenuation may reflect the unexpected earliness of the test flash, or a violation of "cause-before-consequence". The N450 may be due to realignment of the adapted and the actual timing of the tap-flash interval. We conclude that motor-visual temporal recalibration has consequences at early perceptual levels of visual processing and involves a high-level recalibration mechanism.
|
['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Feedback, Psychological', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Motor Activity', 'Motor Neurons', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Psychometrics', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Time Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 21,600,564
|
[['F01.058'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['F01.058.288', 'F04.754.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['E05.723.729'], ['F04.711.780'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Molecular Cloning, Functional Characterization and Nutritional Regulation of the Putative Elongase Elovl5 in the Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides).
|
The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are widely studied in fish species, as fish are the main source of n-3 LC-PUFAs for human beings. In the present study, a putative gene for elovl5, which encodes a key enzyme involved in LC-PUFA synthesis, was cloned and functionally characterized, and its transcription in response to dietary n-3 LC-PUFA exposure was investigated. Moreover, cell transfection and luciferase assays were used to explore the mechanism underlying the regulation of elovl5. The full-length cDNA of elovl5 was 1242 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including an 885 bp coding region encoding a 295 amino acid protein that possesses all of the characteristic features of elovl proteins. Functional characterization of heterologously expressed grouper Elovl5 indicated that it effectively elongates both C18 (18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3) and C20 (20:4n-6 and C20:5n-3) PUFAs, but not the C22 substrates. The expression of elovl5 was significantly affected by dietary n-3 LC-PUFA exposure: a high n-3 LC-PUFA level repressed the expression of elovl5 by slightly down-regulating the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and liver X receptor (LXR) á, which are major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. Promoter studies showed that grouper elovl5 reporter activity was induced by over-expression of LXRá but not SREBP-1. This finding suggests that elovl5 is a direct target of LXRá, which is involved in the biosynthesis of PUFAs via transcriptional regulation of elovl5. These findings may contribute to a further understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species.
|
['Acetyltransferases', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bass', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny']
| 26,950,699
|
[['D08.811.913.050.134'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.105'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D10.251.355'], ['G05.308.320'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Influence of protein and ribonucleic acid synthesis on the replication of the bacteriocinogenic factor Clo DF13 in Escherichia coli cells and minicells.
|
The influence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein synthesis on the replication of the cloacinogenic factor Clo DF13 was studied in Escherichia coli cells and minicells. In chromosomeless minicells harboring the Clo DF13 factor, Clo DF13 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis is slightly stimulated after inhibition of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol or puromycin and continues for more than 8 h. When minicells were treated with rifampin, a specific inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Clo DF13 RNA and DNA synthesis appeared to stop abruptly. In cells, the Clo DF13 factor continues to replicate during treatment with chloramphenicol long after chromosomal DNA synthesis ceases. When rifampin was included during chloramphenicol treatment of cells, synthesis of Clo DF13 plasmid DNA was blocked completely. Isolated, supercoiled Clo DF13 DNA, synthesized in cells or minicells in the presence of chloramphenicol, appeared to be sensitive to ribonuclease and alkali treatment. These treatments convert a relatively large portion of the covalently closed Clo DF13 DNA to the open circular form, whereas supercoiled Clo DF13 DNA, isolated from non-chloramphenicol-treated cells or minicells, is not significantly affected by these treatments. These results indicate that RNA synthesis and specifically Clo DF13 RNA synthesis are involved in Clo DF13 DNA replication and that the covalently closed Clo DF13 DNA, synthesized in the presence of chloramphenicol, contains one or more RNA sequences. De novo synthesis of chromosomal and Clo DF13-specific proteins is not required for the replication of the Clo DF13 factor. Supercoiled Clo DF13 DNA, isolated from a polA107 (Clo DF13) strain which lacks the 5' --> 3' exonucleolytic activity of DNA polymerase I, is insensitive to ribonuclease or alkali treatment, indicating that in this mutant the RNA sequences are still removed from the RNA-DNA hybrid.
|
['Alkalies', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Bacteriocins', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Centrifugation, Density Gradient', 'Chloramphenicol', 'DNA Replication', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA, Circular', 'DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases', 'Escherichia coli', 'Extrachromosomal Inheritance', 'Leucine', 'Mutation', 'Puromycin', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Ribonucleases', 'Rifampin', 'Thymidine', 'Tritium', 'Uridine']
| 4,595,194
|
[['D01.045'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.097.151', 'D12.776.543.695.110'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['E05.181.724.336', 'E05.196.941.336'], ['D02.033.455.706.300', 'D02.455.426.559.389.565.175', 'D02.640.529.175'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D13.444.308.283', 'G02.111.570.820.486.212', 'G05.360.580.156'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.420.275'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D02.241.223.200.380', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.711', 'D09.408.051.788', 'D13.570.583.138.711'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['D03.633.400.811.700', 'D04.345.295.750.700'], ['D03.383.742.680.705', 'D13.570.230.855', 'D13.570.685.705'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D03.383.742.680.852', 'D13.570.685.852', 'D13.570.800.892']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Static pressure-volume curves and effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on gas exchange in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
|
Fifteen patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were studied: 11 in the early stage of ARDS (group 1); 4 in the late stage (group 2). The inspiratory and expiratory static pressure-volume (P-V) curves of the respiratory system were compared to the pulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt) when PEEP was increased; cardiac output was kept constant. In group 1 patients, we found that a concavity on the P-V curves was associated with an abrupt decrease in Qsp/Qt when PEEP was increased; the concavity on the expiratory curve was correlated with the change in Qsp/Qt but not the concavity on the inspiratory curve. In group 2 patients, the P-V curves were found rectilinear and Qsp/Qt was not abruptly decreased when PEEP was increased. Expiratory P-V curve can be used to determine: first, whether a patient should be ventilated with PEEP; second, the PEEP level which can be set on the respirator. In group 1 patients, when PEEP was set to a value corresponding to the inflexion point, i.e., the point of departure from the exponential shape (mean value 14.6 +/- 2.8 cm H2O), Qsp/Qt compared to zero PEEP was abruptly decreased to 87.6 +/- 6%; further increase in PEEP had little advantage.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Child', 'Female', 'Functional Residual Capacity', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Positive-Pressure Respiration', 'Pressure', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 6,409,503
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.275', 'G09.772.850.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.300'], ['E02.041.625.790.550', 'E02.880.820.790.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E02.041.625.790', 'E02.880.820.790'], ['G01.374.715'], ['C08.381.742'], ['C08.381.765'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of amaranth and oat bran on blood serum and liver lipids in rats depending on the kind of dietary fats.
|
The effect of amaranth and oat bran on the lipids of blood and liver in rats depending on the kind of fats in diet was the subject of our study. Sixty male Buffalo rats were fed for 28 days one of six diet containing 15% of fat (lard or sunflower oil), 20% of protein and 0.5% of cholesterol. Amaranth and oat bran added to diet provided 4-4.5% of dietary fiber, water soluble fraction of which amounted to 30%. Amaranth significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol in rats blood serum (by 10.7% in the case of diet with lard and by 14% with sunflower oil) and in liver (by 20% in the case of diet with lard and by 23% with sunflower oil). Similarly oat bran decreased the level of total cholesterol in the blood serum: by 19% in the case of diet with lard and by 22% with sunflower oil; and in liver by 22 and 27%, respectively. Amaranth and oat bran did not influence HDL-cholesterol in the blood of rats. The influence of amaranth and oat bran on the concentration of triglycerides in the blood serum depended on the kind of fats in a diet. The diets containing amaranth or oat bran with lard did not decrease the concentration of this lipids, however, the same diets but with sunflower oil decreased this concentration significantly (by 22%). In liver significant hypotriglyceridemic effect of amaranth and oat bran was observed for both of the diets: based on lard and sunflower. The decrease of triglycerides concentration under the influence of amaranth amounted to 10% (diet with lard) and 15% (diet with sunflower oil). Oat bran decreased the concentration of triglycerides in liver by 15% (diet with lard) and 20% (diet with sunflower oil). Sunflower oil added to the diets augmented the hypolipemic effect of amaranth and oat bran.
|
['Animals', 'Avena', 'Cholesterol', 'Diet', 'Dietary Fats', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Eating', 'Hemangiosarcoma', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Lipids', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred BUF', 'Triglycerides', 'Weight Gain']
| 10,331,211
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.060'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D09.301.416', 'G07.203.300.400', 'J02.500.400'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['C04.557.450.795.390', 'C04.557.645.390'], ['G03.458'], ['D10'], ['A03.620'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.130', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.130'], ['D10.351.801'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of single periocular injection of methylprednisolone and drainage of suprachoroidal fluid in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment.
|
PURPOSE: In this study we compared the anatomic and functional outcomes of two steroid treatments on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) combined with choroidal detachment (CD), namely treatment with oral prednisolone (1 mg/kg daily) for 3-7 days before vitrectomy or a single periocular injection of methylprednisolone (40 mg) 1-3 days before vitrectomy. We also analyzed the outcomes of the eyes with subsided CD and the eyes with persistent CD that underwent drainage of suprachoroidal fluids during the vitrectomy.METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study. Seventy five eyes with RRD combined with CD were divided into 2 groups based on the two different treatment regimens as above. The eyes in each group were further divided into 2 subgroups (A: CD subsided eyes; B: CD persistent eyes) according to the response of CD to the treatment of steroids. Retinal reattachment rates were measured at 6 months after the removal of silicone oil.RESULTS: At 6 months after silicone oil removal, the retinal reattachment rate was similar (p = 0.666) in the oral prednisolone group (91.7%, 33/36) and the periocular injection group (94.9%, 37/39). Similar retinal reattachment rates (p = 0.364) were also found in the CD subsided eyes (97.1%, 34/35) and the CD persistent eyes (90.0%, 36/40). The retinal reattachment rate was comparable among the subgroups (p = 0.395; oral prednisolone A group: 95.2%, 20/21; oral prednisolone B group: 86.7%, 13/15; periocular injection A group: 100%, 14/14; periocular injection B group: 92.0%, 23/25).CONCLUSIONS: For RRD combined with CD, eyes treated with a single periocular injection of methylprednisolone (40 mg, 1-3 days before pars plana vitrectomy) combined with the drainage of suprachoroidal fluids during the surgery had similar anatomic and functional outcomes compared to the eyes treated with oral prednisolone for 3-7 days before vitrectomy.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Choroid Diseases', 'Choroidal Effusions', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intraocular', 'Male', 'Methylprednisolone', 'Middle Aged', 'Prednisolone', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vitrectomy']
| 30,940,887
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C11.941.160'], ['C11.250.105', 'C11.941.160.241'], ['E02.186'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.475'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795.539'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C11.768.648'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E04.540.960']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Designed miniaturization of microfluidic biosensor platforms using the stop-flow technique.
|
Here, we present a novel approach to increase the degree of miniaturization as well as the sensitivity of biosensor platforms by the optimization of microfluidic stop-flow techniques independent of the applied detection technique (e.g. electrochemical or optical). The readout of the labeled bioassays, immobilized in a microfluidic channel, under stop-flow conditions leads to a rectangular shaped peak signal. Data evaluation using the peak height allows for a high level miniaturization of the channel geometries. To study the main advantages and limitations of this method by numerical simulations, a universally applicable model system is introduced for the first time. Consequently, proof-of-principle experiments were successfully performed with standard and miniaturized versions of an electrochemical biosensor platform utilizing a repressor protein-based assay for tetracycline antibiotics. Herein, the measured current peak heights are the same despite the sextuple reduction of the channel dimensions. Thus, this results in a 22-fold signal amplification compared to the constant flow measurements in the case of the miniaturized version.
|
['Biosensing Techniques', 'Humans', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'Microfluidics', 'Miniaturization', 'Tetracyclines']
| 27,747,319
|
[['E05.601.043'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.588.465'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['J01.897.520'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.900', 'D04.615.562.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
'Strong is the new skinny': A content analysis of #fitspiration images on Instagram.
|
'Fitspiration' is an online trend designed to inspire viewers towards a healthier lifestyle by promoting exercise and healthy food. This study provides a content analysis of fitspiration imagery on the social networking site Instagram. A set of 600 images were coded for body type, activity, objectification and textual elements. Results showed that the majority of images of women contained only one body type: thin and toned. In addition, most images contained objectifying elements. Accordingly, while fitspiration images may be inspirational for viewers, they also contain a number of elements likely to have negative effects on the viewer's body image.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Image', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physical Fitness', 'Qualitative Research', 'Social Media', 'Young Adult']
| 27,611,630
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['L01.178.751', 'L01.224.230.110.500.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Allosteric interactions required for high-affinity binding of dihydropyridine antagonists to Ca(V)1.1 Channels are modulated by calcium in the pore.
|
Dihydropyridines (DHPs) are an important class of drugs, used extensively in the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, and arrhythmia. The molecular mechanism by which DHPs modulate Ca(2+) channel function is not known in detail. We have found that DHP binding is allosterically coupled to Ca(2+) binding to the selectivity filter of the skeletal muscle Ca(2+) channel Ca(V)1.1, which initiates excitation-contraction coupling and conducts L-type Ca(2+) currents. Increasing Ca(2+) concentrations from approximately 10 nM to 1 mM causes the DHP receptor site to shift from a low-affinity state to a high-affinity state with an EC(50) for Ca(2+) of 300 nM. Substituting each of the four negatively charged glutamate residues that form the ion selectivity filter with neutral glutamine or positively charged lysine residues results in mutant channels whose DHP binding affinities are decreased up to 10-fold and are up to 150-fold less sensitive to Ca(2+) than wild-type channels. Analysis of mutations of amino acid residues adjacent to the selectivity filter led to identification of Phe-1013 and Tyr-1021, whose mutation causes substantial changes in DHP binding. Thermo-dynamic mutant cycle analysis of these mutants demonstrates that Phe-1013 and Tyr-1021 are energetically coupled when a single Ca(2+) ion is bound to the channel pore. We propose that DHP binding stabilizes a nonconducting state containing a single Ca(2+) ion in the pore through which Phe-1013 and Tyr-1021 are energetically coupled. The selectivity filter in this energetically coupled high-affinity state is blocked by bound Ca(2+), which is responsible for the high-affinity inhibition of Ca(2+) channels by DHP antagonists.
|
['Allosteric Regulation', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Isradipine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 16,675,661
|
[['G02.111.044'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D27.505.519.562.249', 'D27.505.696.260.500', 'D27.505.954.411.192'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.150.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450.150.400', 'D12.776.543.585.400.150.400'], ['D03.383.725.203.310'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570.820.709'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessing collective affect recognition via the Emotional Aperture Measure.
|
Curiosity about collective affect is undergoing a revival in many fields. This literature, tracing back to Le Bon's seminal work on crowd psychology, has established the veracity of collective affect and demonstrated its influence on a wide range of group dynamics. More recently, an interest in the perception of collective affect has emerged, revealing a need for a methodological approach for assessing collective emotion recognition to complement measures of individual emotion recognition. This article addresses this need by introducing the Emotional Aperture Measure (EAM). Three studies provide evidence that collective affect recognition requires a processing style distinct from individual emotion recognition and establishes the validity and reliability of the EAM. A sample of working managers further shows how the EAM provides unique insights into how individuals interact with collectives. We discuss how the EAM can advance several lines of research on collective affect.
|
['Adult', 'Affect', 'Behavior Rating Scale', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Recognition, Psychology', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Young Adult']
| 25,809,581
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.047'], ['F04.711.271'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.829.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.706'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Influence of growth hormone on maintenance of capillary-like structures in an in vitro model of stromal vascular tissue--results from morphometric analysis.
|
The in vitro development of a vascular stroma might be a solution for the engineering of vascularized tissues, however, in vitro stability of capillary-like structures is limited. In order to test the influence on maintenance of capillary-like structures, human growth hormone (hGH) was added in concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 ng/mL in an in vitro model of stromal vascular tissue. The angiogenic response and maintenance of capillary-like structures were analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and image analysis after 8, 16, and 32 days of culture. The highest angiogenic response was observed with a concentration of 50 ng/mL hGH. With the addition of 50 and 500 ng/mL, the length of capillary-like structures could be maintained on high levels up to the 32nd day of culture, whereas with 5 ng/mL values dropped to the level of the control group. The proposed technique of analysis allows quantification of capillary-like network formation and might be useful for tissue engineering applications.
|
['Capillaries', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Stromal Cells', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 15,787,630
|
[['A07.015.461.165'], ['E05.481.500.374'], ['A11.436.275'], ['D06.472.699.631.525.425.875', 'D12.644.548.691.525.425.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['G09.330.630'], ['A11.329.830'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment of a cohort of patients with acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation.
|
BACKGROUND: Although thrombolysis and primary CTA are well-established procedures, they are not administered in a large proportion of the patients with STEMI who arrive to the emergency rooms.OBJECTIVE: Describe initial and final the results in a cohort of STEMI patientsMETHODS: The study included, from hospital admission to the discharge, 158 patients diagnosed with STEMI, from a total of 351 patients with ACS admitted to hospitals in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, between 2004 and 2006.RESULTS: Of the 158 patients with STEMI, 67.7% arrived to the hospital within 180 minutes, 81.3% within 360 minutes, and 8.4% after twelve hours from the symptoms. Cinecoronariographic studies (148) were performed (93,7%). Lesions of over 70% were observed in 266 artery territories. The initial treatment was CTA in 41 (26%), thrombolytics in 50 (32%), 80% of success. Clinical treatment in 67 (42%). Approximately 35% of the patients should have undergone thrombolysis, but they didn't. During the final treatment, 93 CTAs were performed: 89 with angiographic success (95.7%), bleeding 2 (2.2%), subacute occlusion 2 (2.2%), trunk dissection 1 (1.1%), pseudoaneurism 1 (1.1%). No deaths during angioplasty; during evolution, there were two deaths (2.1%). Twelve patients underwent myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS), while 53 underwent clinical treatment, with 11 deaths (20.7%). Global lethality was 9.5%, considering the three types of treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Patients were suitable for reperfusion, but one third of them did not have the procedure. Two deaths during evolution. The most predominant treatment was CTA, with low morbidity. Low global lethality.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 19,629,310
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.148.050.060.100', 'E04.100.376.719.100', 'E04.100.814.529.124.060.100', 'E04.100.814.529.968.050', 'E04.502.382.124.060.100', 'E04.502.382.968.050', 'E04.928.220.520.100', 'E05.157.016.060.100'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['D27.505.519.421.750', 'D27.505.954.411.320', 'D27.505.954.502.427'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['E02.319.913'], ['G01.910.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparison of jumping and electrodiffusion mechanisms of particle movement in thin membranes. III. Potential clamping in a uniform membrane].
|
Electric relaxation of a non-uniform membrane was considered during potential clamp. It is shown that in the case of non-uniformity as a high narrow potential barrier in the middle and deep holes along the membrane edges the electrodiffusion model is adequate to the three-barrier hopping one.
|
['Biological Transport', 'Diffusion', 'Mathematics', 'Membranes', 'Models, Biological']
| 1,268,273
|
[['G03.143'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['H01.548'], ['A10.615'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The cytokine response element of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene is a complex of several interacting regulatory sequences.
|
Expression of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene is stimulated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and is synergistically enhanced by the combination of the two. The distal regulatory element (DRE), a 142-base-pair (bp) sequence located 5 kilobase pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site, appears to be crucial for this cytokine response. The cytokine-specific regulatory sequences within the DRE have been identified by inserting individual DRE subregions, selected combinations of these, or a few linker mutated fragments into a plasmid containing an enhancerless simian virus 40 promoter linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The regulatory activity was determined in transiently transfected human and rat hepatoma cells. The IL-1 response region was confined to the 5'-most 62 bp of the DRE, and its function seemed to depend on at least two separate components. The same region was also responsive to phorbol ester treatment. The IL-6 regulatory function was dependent on a 54-bp sequence located within the 3' half of the DRE. When the IL-1 response region was recombined with the IL-6 regulatory region of the DRE or with IL-6 response elements of other plasma protein genes, a strong cooperative action by IL-1 and IL-6 was achieved. The functional DRE sequences were recognized by nuclear proteins extracted from rat liver and hepatoma cells. However, no cytokine-inducible binding activity was detectable, which suggests that transcriptional regulation through the DRE might be controlled by posttranslational modification of constitutively bound trans-acting factors.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Biological Factors', 'Cell Line', 'Cytokines', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Interleukin-6', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Orosomucoid', 'Plasmids', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Transfection']
| 2,196,441
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D23'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400', 'D23.529.374.465.131', 'D23.529.374.500.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['A03.620'], ['C04.588.274.623.460', 'C04.619.540', 'C06.301.623.460', 'C06.552.697.580', 'E05.598.500.496.750'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.124.050.600', 'D12.776.124.790.106.640', 'D12.776.377.715.085.640', 'D12.776.395.560.742'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hydrolyzed Rutin Decreases Worsening of Anaplasia in Glioblastoma Relapse.
|
BACKGROUND: Gliomas are aggressive and resilient tumors. Progression to advanced stages of malignancy, characterized by cell anaplasia, necrosis, and reduced response to conventional surgery or therapeutic adjuvant, are critical challenges in glioma therapy. Relapse of the disease poses a considerable challenge for management. Hence, new compounds are required to improve therapeutic response. As hydrolyzed rutin (HR), a compound modified via rutin deglycosylation, as well as some flavonoids demonstrated antiproliferative effect for glioblastoma, these are considered potential epigenetic drugs.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the antitumor activity and evaluate the potential for modifying tumor aggressivity of rutin hydrolysates for treating both primary and relapsed glioblastoma.METHODS: The glioblastoma cell line, U251, was used for analyzing cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis and for establishing the GBM mouse model. Mice with GBM were treated with HR to verify antitumor activity. Histological analysis was used to evaluate HR interference in aggressive behavior and glioma grade. Immunohistochemistry, comet assay, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were used to evaluate the mechanism of HR action.RESULTS: HR is an antiproliferative and antitumoral compound that inhibits the cell cycle via a p53- independent pathway. HR reduces tumor growth and aggression, mainly by decreasing mitosis and necrosis rates without genotoxicity, which is suggestive of epigenetic modulation.CONCLUSION: HR possesses antitumor activity and decreases anaplasia in glioblastoma, inhibiting progression to malignant stages of the disease. HR can improve the effectiveness of response to conventional therapy, which has a crucial role in recurrent glioma.
|
['Anaplasia', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Mice', 'Recurrence', 'Rutin', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']
| 30,868,970
|
[['C04.697.045', 'C23.550.727.045'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.335', 'C04.557.470.670.380.080.335', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.080.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.888', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.888'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue-specific expression of two structurally different estrogen receptor alpha isoforms along the female reproductive axis of an oviparous species, the rainbow trout.
|
In oviparous species, in addition to a full-length estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), another ER alpha isoform lacking the A domain and exhibiting a ligand-independent transactivation function has been consistently reported. Although both isoforms are expressed in the liver, their respective sites of expression in other potential target tissues are unknown. In contrast to the situation in Xenopus and chicken, the two isoforms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are generated from two classes of transcripts with different 5' untranslated sequences issued from the same gene by alternative splicing and promoter usage. The aim of this study was to take advantage of the unique organization of the rainbow trout ER alpha gene to investigate the tissue distribution of these two messenger species along the reproductive axis of female trout. The S1 nuclease assay and in situ hybridization were used, with probes specific for each of the transcripts. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for each of the isoforms also was performed. The data indicated that the full-length ER alpha is expressed in liver, brain, pituitary, and ovary, whereas expression of the isoform with the truncated A domain is restricted to the liver, demonstrating a tissue-specific expression of these two ER alpha isoforms. The presence of a short liver-specific isoform in oviparous species suggests its role in the development and/or maintenance of the unique function of the liver in the vitellogenesis process.
|
['Animals', 'Autoradiography', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Organ Specificity', 'Ovary', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Prosencephalon', 'Protein Isoforms', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases']
| 11,673,274
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.750.132', 'E05.200.750.132', 'E05.799.256'], ['D12.776.826.750.350.174'], ['G05.297'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['G07.650'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['A08.186.211.200'], ['D12.776.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.700', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.700', 'D08.811.277.352.355.350.820', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term efficacy of Al3+ for prevention of bioprosthetic heart valve calcification.
|
AI3+ preincubation has been shown in 21 and 60 day implants to inhibit calcification of glutaraldehyde preserved bovine pericardium (GPBP) in the rat subdermal model. This study was designed to assess the long-term anticalcification efficacy of GPBP AI3+ preincubation. Rat (50-60 gm, male, CD Sprague-Dawley) subdermal implants of GPBP, pretreated with 0.01 M or 0.1 M AICI3, were carried out for 21, 60, 90, and 120 days. Each explanted GPBP was analyzed for Ca2+ by atomic absorption spectroscopy and for AI3+ by atomic absorption spectroscopy or neutron activation irradiation. Results showed profound long-term (implant duration 120 days) inhibition of calcification after GPBP preincubation in 0.1 M AICI3 (Ca2+ = 21.8 +/- 12.6 micrograms/mg), compared to control (Ca2+ = 329.0 +/- 20.3 micrograms/mg). After preincubation in 0.1 M AICI3 and 21 day rat subdermal implantation, GPBP AI3+ levels declined from 9033 +/- 680 micrograms/g (control = 6.3 +/- 3.7 micrograms/g) to 2700 +/- 156 micrograms/g; however, there was no further significant decline in GPBP AI3+ levels after long-term implantation of 120 days (2618.4 +/- 349 micrograms/g). The authors conclude that GPBP preincubation in 0.1 M AICI3 markedly inhibited pathologic calcification to 7% of control values in the rat model after long-term (120 day) subdermal implantation.
|
['Aluminum', 'Aluminum Chloride', 'Aluminum Compounds', 'Animals', 'Bioprosthesis', 'Calcinosis', 'Chlorides', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Tissue Preservation']
| 2,252,713
|
[['D01.268.557.050', 'D01.552.547.050'], ['D01.056.031', 'D01.210.450.150.025'], ['D01.056'], ['B01.050'], ['E07.695.100'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['E07.695.310'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760', 'E02.792.833', 'E05.200.500.620.760', 'E05.200.750.600.760', 'E05.760.833']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Seroprevalence of Chikungunya Virus after Its Emergence in Brazil.
|
Chikungunya has had a substantial impact on public health because of the magnitude of its epidemics and its highly debilitating symptoms. We estimated the seroprevalence, proportion of symptomatic cases, and proportion of chronic form of disease after introduction of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in 2 cities in Brazil. We conducted the population-based study through household interviews and serologic surveys during October-December 2015. In Feira de Santana, we conducted a serologic survey of 385 persons; 57.1% were CHIKV-positive. Among them, 32.7% reported symptoms, and 68.1% contracted chronic chikungunya disease. A similar survey in Riach?o do Jacu?pe included 446 persons; 45.7% were CHIKV-positive, 41.2% reported symptoms, and 75.0% contracted the chronic form. Our data confirm intense CHIKV transmission during the continuing epidemic. Chronic pain developed in a high proportion of patients. We recommend training health professionals in management of chronic pain, which will improve the quality of life of chikungunya-affected persons.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brazil', 'Chikungunya Fever', 'Chikungunya virus', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Communicable Diseases, Emerging', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Population Surveillance', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 29,553,317
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['C01.920.500.078.184', 'C01.925.081.198', 'C01.925.782.930.100.184'], ['B04.820.578.875.054.198'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.221.500', 'C23.550.291.531.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The cost-effectiveness of the management of acute sinusitis.
|
BACKGROUND: Sinusitis is a common medical disease with a tremendous economic impact on health care. Our objective was to determine the most cost-effective strategy for the management of acute sinusitis from the societal and payers' perspectives.METHODS: A Markov disease simulation model was used for comparing four treatment strategies: (1) no antibiotic (Abx), (2) empiric Abx, (3) CT-based Abx, and (4) clinical guideline-based Abx.RESULTS: Empiric Abx treatment was the most cost-effective from the societal perspective. Clinical guideline-based treatment was the most cost-effective strategy from the payers' perspective ($38,515/quality-adjusted life year). Cost and effectiveness of Abx, time lost from work, and prevalence of acute bacterial sinusitis are influential variables.CONCLUSION: Empiric Abx treatment is a cost-effective strategy from the short-term societal perspective. However, Abx resistance will lead to increased costs and reduced efficacy of this strategy in the long-term. Clinical guidelines provide a low-cost method of targeting therapy.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Computer Simulation', 'Cost of Illness', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Trees', 'Health Care Costs', 'Humans', 'Markov Chains', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Quality of Life', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Sinusitis', 'United States']
| 17,882,914
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['L01.224.160'], ['N03.219.151.165', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.182', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.046'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['G17.162.500'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.500', 'E05.318.740.996.500', 'G17.830.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.500', 'N05.715.360.750.770.500', 'N06.850.520.830.600.500', 'N06.850.520.830.996.500'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['C01.748.749', 'C08.460.692.752', 'C08.730.749', 'C09.603.692.752'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Role of DL alpha-lipoic acid in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.
|
The effect of DL alpha-lipoic acid on the nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin was examined. Intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin (100 mg/kg/day) to rats resulted in decreased activity of the glycolytic enzymes-hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase. The two gluconeogenic enzymes--glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, the transmembrane enzymes namely the Na+, K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Mg(2+)-ATPase and the brushborder enzyme alkaline phosphatase, also showed decreased activities. This decrease in the activities of ATPases and alkaline phosphatase suggests basolateral and brush border membrane damage. Decreased activity of the TCA cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), suggests a loss in mitochondrial integrity. These biochemical disturbances were effectively counteracted by lipoic acid administration. Lipoic acid administration by gastric intubation at two different concentrations (10 mg and 25 mg/kg/day) brought about an increase in the activity of the glycolytic enzymes, ATPases and the TCA cycle enzymes. The gluconeogenic enzymes however showed a further decrease in their activities at both the concentrations of lipoic acid administered. These observations shed light on the nephroprotective action of lipoic acid against experimental aminoglycoside toxicity and the protection afforded at 25 mg/kg/day of lipoic acid was noted to be higher than that at 10 mg level.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Alcohol Oxidoreductases', 'Animals', 'Citric Acid Cycle', 'Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase', 'Gentamicins', 'Gluconeogenesis', 'Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase', 'Glycolysis', 'Hexokinase', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Intubation, Gastrointestinal', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Thioctic Acid']
| 7,659,073
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D08.811.682.047'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.165', 'G03.295.342', 'G03.493.170'], ['D08.811.520.224.062.400'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['G02.111.158.500', 'G03.191.500'], ['D08.811.399.475.200.350'], ['G02.111.158.750', 'G03.191.750', 'G03.295.436', 'G03.493.360'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.300'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['E02.585.412', 'E05.497.412'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D08.811.277.352.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D02.241.803', 'D02.886.778.827', 'D08.211.906', 'D10.251.941']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Community-based approaches and partnerships: innovations in health-service delivery in Bangladesh.
|
In Bangladesh, rapid advancements in coverage of many health interventions have coincided with impressive reductions in fertility and rates of maternal, infant, and childhood mortality. These advances, which have taken place despite such challenges as widespread poverty, political instability, and frequent natural disasters, warrant careful analysis of Bangladesh's approach to health-service delivery in the past four decades. With reference to success stories, we explore strategies in health-service delivery that have maximised reach and improved health outcomes. We identify three distinctive features that have enabled Bangladesh to improve health-service coverage and health outcomes: (1) experimentation with, and widespread application of, large-scale community-based approaches, especially investment in community health workers using a doorstep delivery approach; (2) experimentation with informal and contractual partnership arrangements that capitalise on the ability of non-governmental organisations to generate community trust, reach the most deprived populations, and address service gaps; and (3) rapid adoption of context-specific innovative technologies and policies that identify country-specific systems and mechanisms. Continued development of innovative, community-based strategies of health-service delivery, and adaptation of new technologies, are needed to address neglected and emerging health challenges, such as increasing access to skilled birth attendance, improvement of coverage of antenatal care and of nutritional status, the effects of climate change, and chronic disease. Past experience should guide future efforts to address rising public health concerns for Bangladesh and other underdeveloped countries.
|
['Bangladesh', 'Communicable Disease Control', 'Community Health Services', 'Community Health Workers', 'Delivery of Health Care', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Diffusion of Innovation', 'Family Planning Services', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Forecasting', 'Government Agencies', 'Humans', 'Immunization Programs', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Organizations', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Private Sector', 'Tuberculosis', 'Universal Health Insurance']
| 24,268,607
|
[['Z01.252.245.131'], ['N06.850.780.200'], ['N02.421.143'], ['M01.526.485.067.080', 'N02.360.067.080'], ['N04.590.374', 'N05.300'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['L01.143.320'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['E02.319.360'], ['I01.320'], ['I01.409.418', 'N03.540.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.726.608'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['N03.540'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['I01.791', 'N04.452.633.390'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846'], ['N03.219.521.576.265.500']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Combinatorial regulation of transcription factors and microRNAs.
|
BACKGROUND: Gene regulation is a key factor in gaining a full understanding of molecular biology. Cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), consisting of multiple transcription factor binding sites, have been confirmed as the main regulators in gene expression. In recent years, a novel regulator known as microRNA (miRNA) has been found to play an important role in gene regulation. Meanwhile, transcription factor and microRNA co-regulation has been widely identified. Thus, the relationships between CRMs and microRNAs have generated interest among biologists.RESULTS: We constructed new combinatorial regulatory modules based on CRMs and miRNAs. By analyzing their effect on gene expression profiles, we found that genes targeted by both CRMs and miRNAs express in a significantly similar way. Furthermore, we constructed a regulatory network composed of CRMs, miRNAs, and their target genes. Investigating its structure, we found that the feed forward loop is a significant network motif, which plays an important role in gene regulation. In addition, we further analyzed the effect of miRNAs in embryonic cells, and we found that mir-154, as well as some other miRNAs, have significant co-regulation effect with CRMs in embryonic development.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the co-regulation of CRMs and miRNAs, we constructed a novel combinatorial regulatory network which was found to play an important role in gene regulation, particularly during embryonic development.
|
['Animals', 'Embryonic Development', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Systems Biology', 'Transcription Factors']
| 21,059,252
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.325.180', 'G08.686.784.170.104'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['H01.158.273.180.800'], ['D12.776.930']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of active vitamin D administration on muscle mass in hemodialysis patients.
|
BACKGROUND: Muscle wasting is common and insidious in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Loss of muscle quantity and quality reduces quality of life and increases mortality in ESRD patients. Additionally, secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) causes muscle atrophy. Meanwhile, vitamin D, which is used for SHPT treatment, plays an essential role in muscle growth.OBJECTIVES: We prospectively investigated the effect of active vitamin D administration on muscle mass.METHODS: We measured muscle mass based on bioelectrical impedance analysis in 68 hemodialysis patients. Patients were divided into a control group (without active vitamin D administration) and a VitD group (with active vitamin D administration). We compared muscle mass at the beginning of treatment and 1 year later. We also investigated health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 (SF-36).RESULTS: The VitD group experienced a significant increase in the amount of change in total muscle mass and muscle mass percentage in men (p = 0.025) but not in women (p = 0.945). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, active vitamin D administration was independently associated with increased muscle mass percentage in men only. In the SF-36, the physical functioning (PF) scores were significantly decreased at the end of the study in the patients without active vitamin D treatment, especially in women.CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that active vitamin D treatment was associated with increased muscle mass in men, and it might have a favorable effect on maintaining PF in HR-QOL in hemodialysis patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Vitamin D']
| 24,068,630
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['D04.210.500.812.768']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Signal transduction in the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis upon attachment and invasion by Legionella micdadei.
|
The intracellular pathogens Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila are the two most common Legionella species that cause Legionnaires' disease. Intracellular replication within pulmonary cells is the hallmark of Legionnaires' disease. In the environment, legionellae are parasites of protozoans, and intracellular bacterial replication within protozoans plays a major role in the transmission of Legionnaires' disease. In this study, we characterized the initial host signal transduction mechanisms involved during attachment to and invasion of the protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis by L. micdadei. Bacterial attachment prior to invasion of H. vermiformis by L. micdadei is associated with tyrosine dephosphorylation of multiple host cell proteins, including a 170-kDa protein. We have previously shown that this 170-kDa protein is the galactose N-acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc)-inhibitable lectin receptor that mediates attachment to and invasion of H. vermiformis by L. pneumophila. Subsequent bacterial entry targets L. micdadei into a phagosome that is not surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). In contrast, uptake of L. pneumophila mediated by attachment to the Gal/GalNAc lectin is followed by targeting of the bacterium into an RER-surrounded phagosome. These results indicate that despite similarities in the L. micdadei and L. pneumophila attachment-mediated signal transduction mechanisms in H. vermiformis, the two bacterial species are targeted into morphologically distinct phagosomes in their natural protozoan host.
|
['Acetylgalactosamine', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Galactose', 'Hartmannella', 'Lectins', 'Legionella', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Phagosomes', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protozoan Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tyrosine']
| 9,726,850
|
[['D09.067.342.356.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.248'], ['D09.947.875.359.377'], ['B01.046.500.100.700.430'], ['D12.776.503'], ['B03.440.400.425.450.450', 'B03.660.250.460.460'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.700'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.776.820'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-modified epitope in connective tissue diseases and vasculitides.
|
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a peroxidative end-product released during polyunsaturated fatty acid degradation, reacts strongly with lysine residues of cellular proteins. MDA-modified proteins become immunogenic and may elicit specific autoantibody formation. We hypothesized that systemic diseases in which inflammatory events occur, could be an interesting model for studying oxidative stress. A few studies have suggested that MDA-modified proteins may exist in systemic diseases, and that autoantibodies to MDA-modified structures might reflect this oxidative process. Autoantibodies to MDA-modified epitope(s) were therefore assayed in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 29), scleroderma (SCL, n = 11), giant cell arteritis (GCA, n = 11), periarteritis nodosa (PAN, n = 10), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 9), and healthy subjects (HS, n = 32). Significantly increased anti-MDA-modified epitope(s) autoantibodies were found in patients with SLE and also in other systemic diseases such as PAN and SCL. Autoantibodies to MDA-modified epitope(s) were predominantly of IgM isotype, with low levels of IgG and no IgA activity. In SLE, anti-MDA-modified epitope(s) autoantibody titres correlated strongly with systemic lupus activity measure (SLAM, r = 0.702, P = 0.0001), anti-nuclear antigen autoantibodies (ANA, r = 0.4, P = 0.029), IgG anti-cardiolipin (r = 0.558, P = 0.03) and the steroid drug regimen (r = 0.52, P = 0.004). Autoantibodies to MDA-modified epitope(s) may reflect oxidative modifications occurring in systemic diseases, and might be useful as clinical markers of SLE activity if further investigated.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Autoantibodies', 'Connective Tissue Diseases', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Middle Aged', 'Vasculitis']
| 7,544,246
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['C17.300'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['D23.050.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['D02.047.700'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.907.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Population-based study of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer remains a common cancer with a poor prognosis. Improving trends seen in Japan have not yet been observed in Western countries.METHODS: A population-based series of 1329 patients with gastric cancer diagnosed over an 18-year period in C?te d'Or, France, was used to establish time trends in diagnostic strategy, treatment and prognosis.RESULTS: The use of endoscopy alone increased from 2.7 per cent in 1976-1978 to 76.6 per cent in 1991-1993 (P < 0.0001). This trend was associated at first with a significant decrease in the use of radiography alone, then by a significant decrease in the use of both radiography and endoscopy. The proportion of resections for cure increased from 37.9 per cent in 1976-1978 to 50.0 per cent in 1991-1993 (mean 3-year variation + 5.8 per cent, P < 0.01). The proportion of cases confined to the gastric wall increased from 6.1 to 11.7 per cent (mean 3-year variation + 13.1 per cent, P < 0.01), while the proportion of other stages remained stable. The operative mortality rate decreased dramatically from 25.6 per cent in 1976-1978 to 13.6 per cent in 1991-1993 (P < 0.001) and the 5-year relative survival rate rose from 12.8 per cent in 1976-1978 to 26.4 per cent in 1988-1990 (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that improvements in the care of patients with gastric cancer have been achieved, but that further progress may be made.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']
| 9,361,617
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Bone marrow morphology during haematopoietic stem cell mobilisation with cyclophosphamide in mice.
|
The aim of the study was to examine the morphology of the bone marrow of mice after stimulation with cyclophosphamide (Cy). The experimental mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection with 250 mg/kg bw cyclophosphamide. After 2, 4 and 6 days of experiment the femurs were obtained for morphological study. On the 2nd day after the mobilisation of the mice with Cy destruction of the bone marrow was observed with a decrease in the haematopoietic compartment and an increase in the area occupied by sinusoids filled with erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were located among the haematopoietic cells, which indicated that the endothelial barrier had been disrupted. On the 4th day after treating the mice with Cy, repair processes in the bone marrow were conducted, including macrophages. The cells filled with haemosiderin migrated from the extravascular compartment of the bone marrow into the lumen of the sinusoids. There were proliferating cells among the haematopoietic cells. On the 6th day the morphology of the bone marrow was similar to the morphology of that in the control mice. However, more haematopoietic cells were visible compared to the control bone marrow. The presence of an increased number of leucocytes in the sinusoid lumen in comparison with the control suggested that at that time the migration of haematopoietic cells from the bone marrow had been initiated.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Female', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms']
| 14,655,135
|
[['B01.050'], ['A15.382.216'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.730.243', 'D02.705.672.500.243'], ['E02.095.410'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G06.320.676']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using the dimensions of health to assess motivation among running moms.
|
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008) reported that 60% of American women did not engage in the recommended daily amount of physical activity and 25% are not physically active at all. The concept of holistic health or wellness refers to an active process in which an individual's life is influenced by dimensions that include physical, emotional, social, mental, and spiritual factors.
|
['Emotions', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Mothers', 'Motivation', 'Running', 'Social Behavior', 'Spirituality', "Women's Health"]
| 21,476,159
|
[['F01.470'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['G11.427.410.568.610', 'G11.427.410.698.277.750', 'I03.350.750', 'I03.450.642.845.610'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F02.880.705', 'K01.844.664.500'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of hyaluronan injections into human knees on the number of bone and cartilage wear particles captured by bio-ferrography.
|
Osteoarthritis is characterized by degradation of cartilage and subchondral bone, releasing wear particles into the synovial fluid. Intra-articular injections of exogenous hyaluronan are often given to patients suffering from osteoarthritis in order to compensate for the reduction in the level of endogenous hyaluronan and to restore the rheological properties of the synovial fluid. The exact effect of these injections is still ambiguous. In this work bio-ferrography was used to capture magnetically labeled cartilage and bone debris from the synovial fluid in human knees before each of four injections (Euflexxa). The wear particles were counted and characterized microscopically and chemically. WOMAC, VAS, SF-36 and KS questionnaires indicated significant pain relief during the treatment, but suffered from inconsistency. Bio-ferrography showed a reduction in the concentration of both cartilage and bone particles, with a minimum after the third hyaluronan injection. The advantages of bio-ferrography as a primary assessment tool are discussed. The results indicate that while hyaluronan treatment may temporarily slow the wear rate to an extent beyond a placebo effect, it does not prevent joint degradation altogether.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone and Bones', 'Cartilage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Injections, Intra-Articular', 'Knee Joint', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 20,826,234
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['A02.165', 'A10.165.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.698.373.475'], ['E02.319.267.530.380'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['H01.671.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.196.867.800', 'E05.799.830'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two forms of activation-induced cytidine deaminase differing in their ability to bind agarose.
|
BACKGROUND: Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is a B-cell-specific DNA mutator that plays a key role in the formation of the secondary antibody repertoire in germinal center B cells. In the search for binding partners, protein coimmunoprecipitation assays are often performed, generally with agarose beads.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We found that, regardless of whether cell lysates containing exogenous or endogenous AID were examined, one of two mouse AID forms bound to agarose alone.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These binding characteristics may be due to the known post-translational modifications of AID; they may also need to be considered in coimmunoprecipitation experiments to avoid false-positive results.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cytidine Deaminase', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Sepharose']
| 20,111,710
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['D08.811.277.151.486.250'], ['E05.196.150.639', 'E05.478.605'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D09.698.813']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Evaluation test and masking therapy of subjective tinnitus].
|
OBJECTIVE: To undergo tinnitus evaluation test and masking therapy of subject tinnitus associated with sensorineural hearing loss as a reference for diagnosis and guiding masking therapy.METHODS: The 66 patients with subject tinnitus were diagnosed as sensorineural hearing loss. Sixty-six patients divide into three groups according to the results of pure tone audiometry, including steep drop type in 28 patients, slow drop type in 20 patients, and flat type in 18 patients. All the patients underwent tinnitus evaluation tests (pitch matching, intensity matching, tinnitus masking curves, residual inhibition) and masking therapy.RESULTS: Tinnitus with steep drop type manifest was as low intensity [average intensity (5.7 +/- 2.9) dB (x(-) +/- s)] and high frequency (median with 4750 Hz). Residual inhibition was almost positive, but was usually consistent with convergence and congruence tinnitus masking curves. Masking therapy had better effect in the treatment of this type of tinnitus (effective rate 89.3%). Tinnitus with slow drop type manifest was as low intensity [average intensity: (6.2 +/- 4.8) dB] and high frequency (median: 4050 Hz). The distribution of residual inhibition and tinnitus masking curves had no obviously characteristics. The effective rate of masking therapy of this type of tinnitus (55.0%) was higher than tinnitus with flat type but low than that of tinnitus with steep drop type. The intensity of tinnitus with flat type [average intensity: (9.2 +/- 5.0) dB] was higher than that of the previous groups. The distribution of frequency of this type had no obviously characteristics. The residual inhibition was almost negative, and was usually consistent with divergence and persistence tinnitus masking curves. Masking therapy had unsatisfactory curative effect in the treatment of this type of tinnitus (effective rate 11.1%). The effective rate of masking therapy was significant differences among the three groups (chi(2) = 9.127, P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: For the tinnitus patients with steep drop type audiometric curve, they are recommended masking therapy. For the tinnitus patients with slow drop type audiometric curve, masking therapy may be attempted to perform. For the tinnitus patients with flat type audiometric curve, they do not recommend the masking therapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Tinnitus', 'Young Adult']
| 19,961,770
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['C09.218.458.670', 'C10.597.751.418.670', 'C23.888.592.763.393.670'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Induction therapy consisting of alternating cycles of ranimustine, vincristine, melphalan, dexamethasone and interferon alpha (ROAD-IN) and a randomized comparison of interferon alpha maintenance in multiple myeloma: a co-operative study in Japan.
|
This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of a new combination chemotherapy with a newly developed nitrosourea derivative ranimustine and evaluated the efficacy of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) maintenance in previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The induction therapy (ROAD-IN) was a 6-week regimen consisting of chemotherapy with ranimustine, vincristine (Oncovin), melphalan (Alkeran) and dexamethasone starting on day 1 and IFN-alpha, which was administered three times weekly for 3 weeks starting on day 22. This was repeated for three cycles. The responders were subsequently randomized into two groups that received or did not receive IFN-alpha as maintenance therapy. Of the 164 patients registered, 161 were evaluated. An objective response to induction therapy was seen in 75% of patients; complete remission (CR) in 38 (24%) and partial remission (PR) in 82 (51%). The median survival for all patients was 3.6 years from registration. The survival of responders (CR + PR) was significantly better than that of non-responders (median survival 4.3 years vs. 1.4 years; 7-year survival rate 32% vs. 9%; P < 0.0001). The IFN-alpha maintenance did not show any advantage for either response duration or survival. This pilot study demonstrated that a comparatively short period of induction therapy with the ROAD-IN regimen produced a rather high response rate and a similar survival rate to those achieved with other longer induction regimens, and that good responders to the initial therapy survived significantly longer than non-responders.
|
['Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Connectin', 'Dexamethasone', 'Humans', 'Interferon-alpha', 'Logistic Models', 'Melphalan', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Myeloma Proteins', 'Nitrosourea Compounds', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prospective Studies', 'Remission Induction', 'Vincristine']
| 10,929,034
|
[['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.324', 'D12.776.210.500.246'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.890.250', 'D12.776.467.374.440.890.250', 'D23.529.374.440.890.250'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.900.500', 'D12.776.124.790.651.900.500', 'D12.776.377.715.548.900.500', 'D12.776.624.553'], ['D02.065.950.594', 'D02.654.692'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.860'], ['D03.132.436.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.473.402.681.827.817', 'D03.633.100.496.500.500.681.827.817']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Studies on the high-energy gun propellant formulations based on 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane.
|
This paper discusses the enhancement of ballistic performance of RDX-based high-energy gun propellants by incorporation of the energetic plasticizer 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane into the propellant composition. Compositions containing 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane with varying percentage of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine and nitrocellulose have been studied theoretically and experimentally. Performance in terms of ballistic parameters, sensitivity, thermal characteristics, stability and mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with those of compositions containing non-energetic plasticizer di-octyl-phthalate. Experimental data on comparative study indicates that propellants containing 1,5-diazido-3-nitrazapentane are superior to propellants containing di-octyl-phthalate in respect of ballistic performance and mechanical properties.
|
['Azides', 'Collodion', 'Explosive Agents', 'Firearms', 'Plasticizers', 'Triazines']
| 19,720,458
|
[['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['D25.720.099.500.439', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500.439'], ['D27.720.317'], ['J01.637.870.350'], ['D27.720.760'], ['D03.383.931']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The vagueness of "tradition" and the pain and suffering of children.
|
The argument presented by Jeffrey Bishop that "tradition" justifies female circumcision is grounded on the assumption that reason is always situated within traditions and that traditions are the foundational source of values. I argue that the concept of tradition is inherently vague and, as such, cannot support the weight of the argument that makes it the final arbiter of moral values. The concept especially does not justify intense pain and suffering inflicted on children.
|
['Anthropology, Cultural', 'Circumcision, Female', 'Cultural Characteristics', 'Ethics, Medical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pain']
| 18,662,952
|
[['I01.076.201'], ['E02.218.085.165', 'E04.085.165', 'E04.950.300.200', 'I01.076.201.450.199'], ['I01.076.201.450.324', 'I01.880.853.100.329'], ['K01.752.566.479.171.132.750', 'N05.350.340.162.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hexosaminidase: a biochemical marker for necrotizing enterocolitis in the preterm infant.
|
To evaluate hexosaminidase as a biochemical marker for the early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, 33 preterm infants without necrotizing enterocolitis and 18 preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis had hexosaminidase activity measured during the course of their hospitalization. Although hexosaminidase activity could not identify those preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis who had impending perforation, the data strongly suggest that measurements of serum hexosaminidase activity may provide an early biochemical indication of the presence of necrotizing enterocolitis in the preterm infant. Hopefully, early detection of necrotizing enterocolitis in these infants will reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease.
|
['Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous', 'Female', 'Hexosaminidases', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Time Factors']
| 6,691,551
|
[['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['C01.150.252.410.222.310', 'C06.405.205.596.800', 'C06.405.469.363.800'], ['D08.811.277.450.483'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Increase of serum angiopoietin-2 during pregnancy is suppressed in women with preeclampsia.
|
BACKGROUND: Numerous recent reports demonstrated that changes in serum levels of angiogenesis-related factors were associated with preeclampsia. Here, we determined the serum concentration of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a natural antagonist of angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) involved in promoting angiogenesis in the presence of angiogenic stimuli such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in women with preeclampsia.METHODS: The levels of serum Ang-2 and Tie-2, a receptor for Ang-1 expressed on endothelial cells, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: The concentrations of serum Ang-2 were significantly elevated in healthy pregnant women (18.9 ng/mL) as compared to nonpregnant women or women in postpartum period. Increase in the levels of serum Ang-2 was significantly suppressed in preeclamptic women (4.5 ng/mL). The serum Ang-2 concentrations inversely correlated with gestational age in healthy pregnant women, but not in preeclamptic women. The serum Ang-2 concentrations positively correlated with placental weight or mean blood pressure (BP) in healthy pregnant women, but not in preeclamptic women. The serum Ang-2 concentrations inversely correlated with proteinuria in preeclamptic women. The serum concentrations of Tie-2 were not significantly different between preeclamptic and nonpreeclamptic women.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the potential requirement of circulating Ang-2 in proper formation of placental vasculatures during pregnancy. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that suppression in the increase of serum Ang-2 levels during pregnancy in preeclampsia as a consequence rather than a cause, measurement of serum Ang-2 concentration in pregnant women may serve as a useful marker in the diagnosis and potentially in predicting subsequent development of preeclampsia.
|
['Adult', 'Angiopoietin-2', 'Blood Pressure', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Organ Size', 'Placenta', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptor, TIE-2']
| 16,182,107
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D12.644.276.100.100.200', 'D12.776.467.100.100.200', 'D23.529.100.100.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A16.710'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.925.500', 'D12.776.543.750.630.687.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cost analysis of living donor liver transplantation: the first Italian economical data.
|
BACKGROUND: Over a period of 30 months, the Niguarda Ca'Granda Hospital performed 12 living donor liver transplants (LDLT) on adult subjects using the split-liver technique and transplant of the right lobe. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the financial obligation that this technique will bring, the ethical and cultural aspects, and the mortality related to surgery on a healthy donor whose only reward is in the knowledge of having done everything possible for a loved family member.METHODS: The analysis of the costs of the surgical process takes into account the simultaneous consideration of both types of patients: the donor and the recipient. The diagnostic course is subdivided into seven functional phases of the cost centers, and the transitory sequences of the foreseeable events of the entire process. The method used consists in the appraisal of all the clinical activities in chronological order several the centers of cost. The direct expenses are evaluated according to an analytical method, and the indirect costs has been carried out on the criterion of the activities of support to the process (management of the orders, recording and programming of the activities) and support to the organization (maintenance, management supplying and contests of contract, programming of the business production, management warehouses, supplyings, marketing and relations with the public).RESULTS: The cost of all the patients evaluated that were not able to donate has been added to the direct expenses of 12 donor and 12 recipient patients, in all 30 patients, so as to shift the added expenses only to the donor patient, since these costs are not included in the typical costs of transplantation from a cadaver. The indirect cost calculated for each patient has been added to the direct costs of the donor and recipient patients. The total calculated cost of LDLT is 175, 210.78 Euros.CONCLUSION: The analysis of the economical obligation that this practice brings is the starting point for an accurate evaluation of all the new technology that, in conjunction with the results of clinical efficacy and efficiency trials, is part of program of a larger scope to fulfil the general social principles of equity and justice.
|
['Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Hematologic Tests', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Living Donors']
| 17,912,202
|
[['N03.219.151'], ['E01.370.225.625', 'E05.200.625'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.898.656']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[IL-2 responsiveness in antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation test with sulfhydryl drug-sensitized murine lymphocytes--using rapid fluorochromasia assay].
|
Response of murine lymphnode cells (LNC) sensitized with sulfhydryl drugs to recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) was studied in antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT). Mice were primed with tiopronin (TP) and gold sodium thiomalate (GTM) and the secondary response to LNC was measured in a proliferative assay in vitro. Rapid fluorochromasia assay with propidium iodide (RFP) was used for the quantitative measurement of LPT instead of 3H-thymidine uptake. There was no difference in proliferative response to specific antigen between TP or GTM-primed LNC and control ones. In contrast, a significant proliferation was observed when LNC from sensitized mice were cultured with sensitizing antigen and rIL-2. The strength of response was dependent on the concentration of rIL-2. It was considered that adding rIL-2 to LPT of TP or GTM-sensitized mice enhanced antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative response and the measurement of IL-2 responsiveness using RFP method might be useful to detect sulfhydryl drug allergy in man.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Separation', 'Cross Reactions', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Epitopes', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Interleukin-2', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Propidium', 'Sulfhydryl Compounds', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 1,706,443
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['G12.122.281'], ['C20.543.206', 'C25.100.468'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.021', 'D12.644.276.374.480.372', 'D12.776.467.374.465.021', 'D12.776.467.374.480.372', 'D23.529.374.465.155', 'D23.529.374.480.372'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.633.300.633.700'], ['D02.886.489'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inference on the Genetic Basis of Eye and Skin Color in an Admixed Population via Bayesian Linear Mixed Models.
|
Genetic association studies in admixed populations are underrepresented in the genomics literature, with a key concern for researchers being the adequate control of spurious associations due to population structure. Linear mixed models (LMMs) are well suited for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because they account for both population stratification and cryptic relatedness and achieve increased statistical power by jointly modeling all genotyped markers. Additionally, Bayesian LMMs allow for more flexible assumptions about the underlying distribution of genetic effects, and can concurrently estimate the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genetic markers. Using three recently published Bayesian LMMs, Bayes R, BSLMM, and BOLT-LMM, we investigate an existing data set on eye (n = 625) and skin (n = 684) color from Cape Verde, an island nation off West Africa that is home to individuals with a broad range of phenotypic values for eye and skin color due to the mix of West African and European ancestry. We use simulations to demonstrate the utility of Bayesian LMMs for mapping loci and studying the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in admixed populations. The Bayesian LMMs provide evidence for two new pigmentation loci: one for eye color (AHRR) and one for skin color (DDB1).
|
['Africa, Western', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Color', 'Eye', 'Genetics, Population', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Pigments, Biological', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Skin Pigmentation']
| 28,381,588
|
[['Z01.058.290.190'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D23.767'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Host-mediated modification of Sau3AI restriction in Listeria monocytogenes: prevalence in epidemic-associated strains.
|
Most major food-related outbreaks of listeriosis have been traced to a cluster of genetically related strains of serovar 4b (epidemic clone). In spite of numerous searches, distinct bacteriologic or virulence-related features unique to these strains have eluded identification, although a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) characteristic of the epidemic clone has previously been described (W. Zheng and S. Kathariou, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:4310-4314, 1995). We found that DNAs from 75 strains which were derived from three separate outbreaks and which had the epidemic clone-specific RFLP were also invariably resistant to digestion by Sau3AI and other restriction endonucleases sensitive to cytosine methylation at 5' GATC 3' sites. This modification of Sau3AI restriction was host mediated, as it did not persist when DNA was cloned and propagated in Escherichia coli, and was uncommon among other Listeria strains. Epidemic-associated strains with this modification were resistant to infection by phage propagated in a serotype 4b strain which was not known to be involved in an epidemic and which lacked the epidemic clone-specific RFLP. Screening for susceptibility to MboI digestion revealed that these epidemic strains lacked methylation of adenines at GATC sites. This type of modification was rare among Listeria strains and was found in only three (of eight screened) strains of serovar 1/2b, possibly representing one clonal lineage.
|
['Adenine', 'Bacteriophages', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cytosine', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Escherichia coli', 'Food Microbiology', 'Listeria monocytogenes', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length']
| 9,251,194
|
[['D03.633.100.759.138'], ['B04.123'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D03.383.742.698.421'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.150.280.260', 'D08.811.277.352.335.350.300.260', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325.300.260'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.332', 'J01.576.423.850.730.500.249.300', 'N06.850.425.200', 'N06.850.460.400.300', 'N06.850.601.500.249.300'], ['B03.353.500.500.500', 'B03.510.100.500.500', 'B03.510.460.400.410.485.500'], ['G05.365.795.595']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Metabolism of pyrazinamide and allopurinol in hereditary xanthine oxidase deficiency.
|
The metabolism of pyrazinamide and allopurinol was studied in three xanthinuric patients from two families with hereditary xanthinuria to determine whether both substrates were oxidized only by xanthine oxidase or by other oxidases as well. One xanthinuric patient could neither metabolize pyrazinamide into 5-hydroxypyrazinamide nor allopurinol into oxypurinol. Two xanthinuric patients could metabolize both pyrazinamide into 5-hydroxypyrazinamide and allopurinol into oxypurinol but could not oxidize pyrazinoic acid to 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid. These findings suggest that xanthinuria comprises at least two subgroups.
|
['Adult', 'Allopurinol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Pyrazinamide', 'Xanthines']
| 2,731,378
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.759.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.798', 'C18.452.648.798'], ['D03.383.679.750'], ['D03.132.960', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Majoon ushba, a polyherbal compound ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis via regulating inflammatory and bone remodeling markers in rats.
|
The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effect of majoon ushba (MU) and its underlying mechanism in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) rats. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of complete freund's adjuvant (0.1ml) into the right hind paw of the Wistar albino rats. MU (1000mg/kg/b.wt) and methotrexate (3mg/kg/b.wt) were administered from day 11 to day 18th for 8days after adjuvant induction. We have found that MU treatment significantly increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and inhibited the over production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-á, IL-1â, and IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (ELISA) in the serum of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-á, IL-1â, IL-6, and IL-17), inflammatory enzymes (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2)), MCP-1, receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and transcription factors (NF-?B and AP-1) (Real-Time PCR) was found significantly downregulated in the synovial tissues of MU treated arthritic rats. In addition, the protein expression of NF-?B, IL-17, COX-2, and RANKL (western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis) was found reduced. On the other hand, osteoprotegerin (OPG), a bone remodeling marker was found to be elevated in synovial tissues of MU treated arthritic rats. Furthermore, MU treatment prevented body weight loss and reduced the joint paw edema, cell infiltration, cartilage and bone degradation as evidenced by the histopathological and radiological analysis. In conclusion, our current findings provide scientific evidence for the traditional claim of MU as an anti-arthritic drug.
|
['Animals', 'Arthritis, Experimental', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Biomarkers', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bone Remodeling', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cytokines', 'Edema', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Hindlimb', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Male', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Preparations', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 26,556,105
|
[['B01.050'], ['C05.550.114.015', 'E05.598.500.249'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G11.427.213', 'G16.762.150'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.990.600', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.990.600', 'D23.125.300.110.990.600', 'D23.469.200.110.990.600', 'D23.529.374.200.110.990.500'], ['D08.811.600.720.750'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C23.888.277'], ['G05.297'], ['A13.473'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D23.469'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D20.215.784'], ['B01.650.560'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Presidents and health reform: from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Barack Obama.
|
The health care reforms that President Barack Obama signed into law in March 2010 were seventy-five years in the making. Since Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. presidents have struggled to enact national health care reform; most failed. This article explores the highly charged political landscape in which Obama maneuvered and the skills he brought to bear. It contrasts his accomplishments with the experiences of his Oval Office predecessors. Going forward, implementation poses formidable challenges for Democrats, Republicans, and the political process itself.
|
['Federal Government', 'Health Care Reform', 'History, 20th Century', 'History, 21st Century', 'National Health Insurance, United States', 'Politics', 'Public Opinion', 'United States']
| 20,530,336
|
[['I01.409.137', 'I01.409.418.625', 'N03.540.348.500', 'N03.540.400.750'], ['I01.655.500.608.400.285', 'I01.880.604.825.608.400.285', 'N03.349.285', 'N03.623.500.608.428.285', 'N04.590.374.285', 'N05.300.380'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.400.504.984'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.900', 'N03.349.550.610'], ['I01.738'], ['I01.880.630.548'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Physician glut. Physicians--the next victims of "downsizing?".
|
Should physicians really be polishing up their CVs or preparing to enter another line of work? In a word: No. What a recent survey makes clear is that, while managed care is driving physicians from some markets, jobs are still available in other markets traditionally underserved by physicians. This is not to suggest that the physician employment market has gone unchanged. Many physicians, particularly specialists, have taken income hits, and some specialists truly are in need of work. Primary care physicians, however, have seen their stars rise and are now in a position to work wherever they want. Physicians may no longer be able to practice within 50 miles of where they were raised or where they were trained, as has been their wont. Instead, they will have to do what other professionals have long done--go where job opportunities take them. In short, they will have to add a career strategy to their scientific mindset, and that means an aggressive job search, coupled with a strong consumer orientation.
|
['Consumer Behavior', 'Employment', 'Job Application', 'Personnel Administration, Hospital', 'Physicians', 'United States', 'Vocational Guidance']
| 10,160,035
|
[['F01.145.236'], ['N01.824.245'], ['N04.452.677.400'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.565', 'N04.452.442.452.422.565', 'N04.452.677.440'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['F02.784.629.937', 'F02.784.692.887']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prevention of secondary coxarthrosis in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a long-term follow-up study after corrective intertrochanteric osteotomy.
|
Fifty-one patients with unilateral severe (gliding angles 30 degrees-60 degrees) slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated by intertrochanteric corrective osteotomy were reexamined after 20-29 years (average 24 years) of follow-up; 55% of the patients showed neither radiographic signs of degenerative hip disease nor clinical symptoms, whereas 28% had moderate and 17% had severe osteoarthritis. These results are definitely superior to those reported in other series of patients with comparable slips treated by bed rest or in situ fixation only. Analysis of individual gliding angles and directions of the slips shows that results can probably be further improved by correct assessment of the gliding process to allow for best use of the potentials of intertrochanteric corrective osteotomies. Correction should also be performed as early as possible to allow for maximum remodeling.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Epiphyses, Slipped', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Osteotomy', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 8,866,276
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C05.116.425'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.550.114.606.400', 'C05.799.613.400'], ['E04.555.580'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cerebral contusional tears as a marker of child abuse--detection by cranial sonography.
|
A series of 6 infants subjected to child abuse is presented in whom contusional tears of subcortical white matter were detected during life by intracranial sonography. The sonographic appearances of this highly pathognomonic marker of shaking injury are described for the first time and their significance discussed. On the basis of our experience we suggest that high resolution cranial sonography is an extremely valuable part of the diagnostic work up in cases of suspected non-accidental injury.
|
['Brain Concussion', 'Child Abuse', 'Echoencephalography', 'Female', 'Hematoma, Subdural', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Skull Fractures']
| 1,523,042
|
[['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.260', 'E01.370.350.700.560.260', 'E01.370.350.850.260', 'E01.370.376.537.750.260', 'E05.629.937.260'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400', 'C10.900.300.837.600', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450', 'C23.550.414.838.700', 'C23.550.414.913.700', 'C26.915.300.490.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C10.900.300.918', 'C26.404.750', 'C26.915.300.745']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Acaricide, fungicide and drug interactions in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
|
BACKGROUND: Chemical analysis shows that honey bees (Apis mellifera) and hive products contain many pesticides derived from various sources. The most abundant pesticides are acaricides applied by beekeepers to control Varroa destructor. Beekeepers also apply antimicrobial drugs to control bacterial and microsporidial diseases. Fungicides may enter the hive when applied to nearby flowering crops. Acaricides, antimicrobial drugs and fungicides are not highly toxic to bees alone, but in combination there is potential for heightened toxicity due to interactive effects.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Laboratory bioassays based on mortality rates in adult worker bees demonstrated interactive effects among acaricides, as well as between acaricides and antimicrobial drugs and between acaricides and fungicides. Toxicity of the acaricide tau-fluvalinate increased in combination with other acaricides and most other compounds tested (15 of 17) while amitraz toxicity was mostly unchanged (1 of 15). The sterol biosynthesis inhibiting (SBI) fungicide prochloraz elevated the toxicity of the acaricides tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos and fenpyroximate, likely through inhibition of detoxicative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity. Four other SBI fungicides increased the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate in a dose-dependent manner, although possible evidence of P450 induction was observed at the lowest fungicide doses. Non-transitive interactions between some acaricides were observed. Sublethal amitraz pre-treatment increased the toxicity of the three P450-detoxified acaricides, but amitraz toxicity was not changed by sublethal treatment with the same three acaricides. A two-fold change in the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was observed between years, suggesting a possible change in the genetic composition of the bees tested.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Interactions with acaricides in honey bees are similar to drug interactions in other animals in that P450-mediated detoxication appears to play an important role. Evidence of non-transivity, year-to-year variation and induction of detoxication enzymes indicates that pesticide interactions in bees may be as complex as drug interactions in mammals.
|
['Acaricides', 'Animals', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Beekeeping', 'Bees', 'Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System', 'Drug Interactions', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Honey', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Nitriles', 'Pesticides', 'Pyrethrins', 'Toluidines', 'Varroidae']
| 23,382,869
|
[['D27.720.031.700.071', 'D27.888.723.071'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['J01.040.207'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['D08.244.453', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170', 'D12.776.422.220.453'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['G07.203.300.581', 'J02.500.581'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['D02.626'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['D02.455.849.575.188.750'], ['D02.092.146.859', 'D02.455.426.559.389.832.559'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of ubiquinone-10 on the stability of biomimetic membranes of relevance for the inner mitochondrial membrane.
|
Ubiquinone-10 (Q10) plays a pivotal role as electron-carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and is also well known for its powerful antioxidant properties. Recent findings suggest moreover that Q10 could have an important membrane stabilizing function. In line with this, we showed in a previous study that Q10 decreases the permeability to carboxyfluorescein (CF) and increases the mechanical strength of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (POPC) membranes. In the current study we report on the effects exerted by Q10 in membranes having a more complex lipid composition designed to mimic that of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Results from DPH fluorescence anisotropy and permeability measurements, as well as investigations probing the interaction of liposomes with silica surfaces, corroborate a membrane stabilizing effect of Q10 also in the IMM-mimicking membranes. Comparative investigations examining the effect of Q10 and the polyisoprenoid alcohol solanesol on the IMM model and on membranes composed of individual IMM components suggest, moreover, that Q10 improves the membrane barrier properties via different mechanisms depending on the lipid composition of the membrane. Thus, whereas Q10's inhibitory effect on CF release from pure POPC membranes appears to be directly and solely related to Q10's lipid ordering and condensing effect, a mechanism linked to Q10's ability to amplify intrinsic curvature elastic stress dominates in case of membranes containing high proportions of palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE).
|
['Adsorption', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Cell Membrane Permeability', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Mitochondrial Membranes', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Terpenes', 'Ubiquinone']
| 29,470,946
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['J01.637.087'], ['G03.143.335', 'G04.175'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D10.570'], ['A11.284.149.450.349', 'A11.284.835.514.349'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D02.455.849'], ['D02.806.250.900', 'D08.211.935']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Molecular heterogeneity of malignant melanomas].
|
Malignant melanomas make up a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by particular genetic aberrations depending on their anatomic localization and UV exposure. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is found in the majority of melanomas, with either somatic missense mutations of BRAF or, considerably more rarely, mutations of N-RAS. The loss of both products of the CDKN2A gene, proteins p16(ARF) and p14(INK4a), or amplification of microphthalmia-associated transcriptional factor (MITF) are also predisposing factors in the development of melanoma. BRAF mutations are observed mainly in melanomas on skin liable to intermittent UV exposure. Acral and mucosal melanomas, and also melanomas on skin damaged by chronic exposure to the sun are characterized by distinct patterns of chromosomal aberrations with frequent amplifications and alterations of the KIT gene, while BRAF mutations are rarely found in these sites. Uveal melanomas show recurrent chromosomal losses (1p, 3, 6q) and gains (6p, 8q), but mutations of BRAF are hardly ever found. So far, ancillary molecular studies are not regularly applied in the routine diagnostic procedures performed when malignant melanoma is suspected. In the future, however, the development of targeted molecular therapies will require that molecular pathological techniques are used to identify the melanoma patients who will most probably benefit from a particular therapy.
|
['Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Gene Amplification', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Melanoma', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Signal Transduction', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF']
| 17,885,757
|
[['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['E01.171'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.500'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['D12.776.167.600', 'D12.776.624.776.772']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synergetic effects of caspase 3 and mu-calpain in XIAP-breakdown upon focal cerebral ischemia.
|
Dysregulation of apoptosis is involved in a wide spectrum of disease ranging from proliferative to neurodegenerative disorders. The recently discovered X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is among the most potent inhibitors of apoptosis. This protein binds to and inhibits both initiator caspases and effector caspases such as caspase-3. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between XIAP-breakdown, caspase activation in the development of delayed infarct upon ischemia. We demonstrated that endogenous XIAP is cleaved at least into two fragments during reperfusion following the ischemic insult. The two fragments produced seem to be related to caspase-3 and mu-calpain activities, which are massively enhanced in tissues challenged by ischemia. Therefore, degradation of XIAP by mu-calpain in our system may decrease the activation threshold of caspase-3 normally held in check by the IAPs and/or lead to auto-activation of other caspases.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Blotting, Western', 'Calpain', 'Caspase 3', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Laser-Doppler Flowmetry', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tubulin', 'X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein']
| 17,514,421
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.120', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.120'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.477.200.450', 'C10.228.140.300.510.200.387', 'C10.228.140.300.775.200.200.450', 'C14.907.253.092.477.200.450', 'C14.907.253.560.200.387', 'C14.907.253.855.200.200.450', 'C23.550.513.355.250.200.450', 'C23.550.717.489.250.200.450'], ['C10.228.140.300.150.836', 'C14.907.253.092.836'], ['E01.370.370.475', 'E05.830.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920'], ['D08.811.464.938.750.210.750', 'D12.644.360.075.437.750', 'D12.776.476.075.437.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nonlinear Connectivity in the Human Stretch Reflex Assessed by Cross-Frequency Phase Coupling.
|
Communication between neuronal populations is facilitated by synchronization of their oscillatory activity. Although nonlinearity has been observed in the sensorimotor system, its nonlinear connectivity has not been widely investigated yet. This study investigates nonlinear connectivity during the human stretch reflex based on neuronal synchronization. Healthy participants generated isotonic wrist flexion while receiving a periodic mechanical perturbation to the wrist. Using a novel cross-frequency phase coupling metric, we estimate directional nonlinear connectivity, including time delay, from the perturbation to brain and to muscle, as well as from brain to muscle. Nonlinear phase coupling is significantly stronger from the perturbation to the muscle than to the brain, with a shorter time delay. The time delay from the perturbation to the muscle is 33 ms, similar to the reported latency of the spinal stretch reflex at the wrist. Source localization of nonlinear phase coupling from the brain to the muscle suggests activity originating from the motor cortex, although its effect on the stretch reflex is weak. As such nonlinear phase coupling between the perturbation and muscle activity is dominated by the spinal reflex loop. This study provides new evidence of nonlinear neuronal synchronization in the stretch reflex at the wrist joint with respect to spinal and transcortical loops.
|
['Artifacts', 'Electroencephalography', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Neurological', 'Motor Activity', 'Motor Cortex', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Neural Pathways', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Periodicity', 'Reflex, Stretch', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Time Factors', 'Wrist Joint', 'Young Adult']
| 27,440,467
|
[['E05.047'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.642'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['A08.612'], ['E05.599.850', 'H01.548.675'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.700', 'E01.370.600.550.650.700', 'G11.561.731.768'], ['L01.224.800'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A02.835.583.405.930'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Investigations on the present status of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in patients with venereal diseases, sexual abusers and healthy people in Da Lian].
|
From January to June 1992, we conducted the detection of serum antibodies against Ct, Mh and Uu in patients with venereal diseases, sexual abusers and healthy people. The results showed that the positive rates of antibodies against Ct, Mh and Uu in patients were the highest, while in healthy people those of antibodies against Ct and Uu were the lowest. The positive rates between the antibody against Uu and that against Mh have no obvious difference between male and female. All samples have dual infection of Ct and Mh.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antibodies, Viral', 'China', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Condylomata Acuminata', 'Female', 'Gonorrhea', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mycoplasma Infections', 'Sexual Partners', 'Superinfection', 'Ureaplasma Infections', 'Ureaplasma urealyticum']
| 7,923,339
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C01.150.252.400.210.125', 'C01.150.252.734.301', 'C01.221.812.281.301', 'C01.778.281.301', 'C12.294.668.281.301', 'C13.351.500.711.281.301'], ['B03.440.190.190.190.750'], ['C01.221.812.640.220', 'C01.778.640.220', 'C01.925.256.650.810.217', 'C01.925.813.220', 'C01.925.825.810.110', 'C01.925.928.914.217', 'C17.800.838.790.810.110'], ['C01.150.252.400.625.275', 'C01.150.252.734.401', 'C01.221.812.281.401', 'C01.778.281.401', 'C12.294.668.281.401', 'C13.351.500.711.281.401'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.610'], ['M01.778'], ['C01.597.880', 'C01.610.684.880', 'C01.925.597.880'], ['C01.150.252.400.610.850'], ['B03.440.860.580.553.900.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Brain cavernoma: a dynamic lesion.
|
BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of brain cavernomas is high (0.50%), for unknown reasons, only a few of them display aggressive clinical behavior.METHODS: From a personal series of 65 operated and histopathologically verified cavernomas, we have conducted a long-term study, both retrospectively and prospectively, of the main features that cause some cavernomas to be dynamic lesions.RESULTS: Hemorrhage is the most common phenomenon. Extralesional bleeding due to the rupture of peripheral caverns is most often observed. These are never as immediately devastating as hemorrhages originating from a high-flow, high-pressure AVM. Extralesional hemorrhages tend toward spontaneous resorption, but the risk of recurrence exists and may lead to permanent disability or death (especially when the lesion is located in the brain stem). Intralesional bleeding caused by rupture of contiguous caverns is less frequently observed. This may lead to the formation of large cysts. Calcifications are mostly observed in patients presenting with chronic epilepsy. The bleeding risk of calcified cavernomas is low, but it can exist and should be taken into account in the surgical decision making. The growth of the cavernomatous matrix was obvious in three large cavernomas (two with calcification). No bleeding was found inside the lesions, suggesting a pure "intrinsic" growth. The role of pathologic angiogenic factors is highly probable in these cases. "De novo" appearing lesions were observed in five cases (four belonging to familial forms) on the magnetic resonance imaging survey of operated patients. Perilesional atrophy was observed in three cases (two operated) in patients with a long-lasting evolution. It suggests that the brain metabolism can be disturbed by slow, chronic effusion of blood around the cavernoma.CONCLUSIONS: The dynamism of cavernomas is determined by extrinsic factors, mainly hemorrhage (with its own consequences); and by intrinsic factors: the pseudotumoral growth of the cavernous matrix. Therefore, when they are symptomatic, cavernomas should be totally removed.
|
['Adult', 'Atrophy', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Calcinosis', 'Female', 'Hemangioma, Cavernous', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 9,400,644
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C23.300.070'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C18.452.174.130'], ['C04.557.645.375.385', 'C14.907.454.385', 'C15.378.463.515.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A fully integrated mixed-signal neural processor for implantable multichannel cortical recording.
|
A 64-channel neural processor has been developed for use in an implantable neural recording microsystem. In the Scan Mode, the processor is capable of detecting neural spikes by programmable positive, negative, or window thresholding. Spikes are tagged with their associated channel addresses and formed into 18-bit data words that are sent serially to the external host. In the Monitor Mode, two channels can be selected and viewed at high resolution for studies where the entire signal is of interest. The processor runs from a 3-V supply and a 2-MHz clock, with a channel scan rate of 64 kS/s and an output bit rate of 2 Mbps.
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electroencephalography', 'Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Haplorhini', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Systems Integration', 'Telemetry']
| 17,554,826
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400'], ['E07.695'], ['L01.224.800'], ['H01.770.787', 'L01.906.787'], ['E01.370.520.750', 'E05.925', 'L01.178.847.675']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thin-film epidural microelectrode arrays for somatosensory and motor cortex mapping in rat.
|
Assessments of somatosensory and motor cortical somatotopy in vivo can provide important information on sensorimotor physiology. Here, novel polyimide-based thin-film microelectrode arrays (72 contacts) implanted epidurally, were used for recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and somatosensory cortex somatotopic maps of the rat. The objective was to evaluate this method with respect to precision and reliability. SEPs and somatosensory maps were measured twice within one session and again after 8 days of rest. Additionally, motor cortex maps were acquired once to assess the spatial relationship between somatosensory and motor representations of fore- and hindlimb within one individual. Somatosensory maps were well reproduced within and between sessions. SEP amplitudes and latencies were highly reliable within one recording session (combined intraclass correlation 90.5%), but less so between sessions (21.0%). Somatosensory map geometry was stable within and between sessions. For the forelimb the somatosensory representation had a 30% overlap with the corresponding motor area. No significant overlap was found for the hindlimb. No evidence for cortical injury was found on histology (Nissl). Thin-film epidural electrode array technology enables a detailed assessment of sensorimotor cortex physiology in vivo and can be used in longitudinal designs enabling studies of learning and plasticity processes.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Brain Mapping', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electrophysiology', 'Epidural Space', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Forelimb', 'Hindlimb', 'Male', 'Membranes, Artificial', 'Motor Cortex', 'Movement', 'Neurons', 'Neurophysiology', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Reaction Time', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Touch']
| 18,582,949
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A02.835.232.834.803.350'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['A13.395'], ['A13.473'], ['D25.479', 'J01.637.051.479', 'J01.637.087.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.548', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.624'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['H01.158.610.268', 'H01.158.782.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670.675', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.906'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Cesarean, result of an exploration of a loss of visual acuity].
|
Toxaemia of pregnancy associating hypertension and proteinuria can cause maternal and ocular complications. Maternal ocular involvement is classically described with loss of visual acuity due to serous retinal detachment. We report a case of a 31 year old woman who just complained of severe deterioration of visual acuity. During her stay at the hospital we discovered a pregnancy complicated by a HELLP syndrome. Resturation of vision has been obtained after fetal expulsion and medical treatment against hypertension.
|
['Adult', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'HELLP Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Visual Acuity']
| 9,745,822
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['C13.703.395.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel system for organ and tissues preservation: the refrigerating hyperbaric chamber.
|
UNLABELLED: This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of building a simple and inexpensive device to preserve organs or tissues in hyperbaric and hypothermic conditions.METHODS: The device was built on a 40-cm wide, 28-cm long, and 23-cm deep stainless steel chassis. The pressure vessel was built by a 7.8-cm bore stainless steel cylinder put inside another 12-cm cylinder welded together and closed by a steel plate on the top and bottom. The inferior plate was welded, and the superior one was fixed by manual clasp nut. The cooling system is made up of air compressor, condenser, expansion area, and cooling worm that is located between the cylinders. The temperature-controlling device is a computer processor contained in an integrated-circuit chip, with a on-off system to maintain the chamber temperature between 2 degrees to 4 degrees C. The compression of the chamber is performed by lateral coupling with the oxygen cylinder and is maintained at 5.5 absolute atmospheres and controlled by air pressure gauge. The maximal work pressure was evaluated by spreadsheet. Temperature or pressure changes were evaluated by 12- and 24-hour assays.RESULTS: The maximal work pressure permitted was 6.5 absolute atmospheres. Thus, the container was free from danger. The temperature inside the chamber was kept between 2 degrees and 4 degrees C. The production costs of the prototype was US$1000.DISCUSSION: The manufacture of the refrigerating hyperbaric chamber is viable, simple, and inexpensive.
|
['Cold Temperature', 'Equipment Design', 'Hyperbaric Oxygenation', 'Organ Preservation', 'Refrigeration', 'Temperature']
| 16,908,312
|
[['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E05.320'], ['E02.880.690.490'], ['E02.792.833.660', 'E05.760.833.660'], ['E02.792.643', 'E05.760.643'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Required procedure for nominal data files processing in biomedical research].
|
To date, biomedical research using nominal data files for the data collection, data acquisition or data processing has had to comply with 2 French laws (Law of December, 20, 1988, modified, relating to the protection of patients participating in biomedical research, and the Law of January, 6, 1978, completed by the Law of July 1, 1994 n degrees 94-548, chapter V bis). This later law dictates rules not only for the establishment of nominal data files, but also confer individual rights to filed persons. These regulations concern epidemiological research, clinical trials, drug watch studies and economic health research. In this note, we describe the obligations and specific general and simplified procedure required for conducting biomedical research. Included in the requirements are an information and authorization procedure with the local and national consultative committees on data processing in biomedical research (CCTIRS, Comit? Consultatif sur le Traitement de l'Information en Recherche Biom?dicale, and CNIL, Commission Nationale Informatique et Libert?s).
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Data Collection', 'France', 'Humans', 'Medical Records', 'Research']
| 11,845,106
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968', 'N04.452.859.564', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968'], ['H01.770.644']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Most highly expressed protein-coding genes have a single dominant isoform.
|
Although eukaryotic cells express a wide range of alternatively spliced transcripts, it is not clear whether genes tend to express a range of transcripts simultaneously across cells, or produce dominant isoforms in a manner that is either tissue-specific or regardless of tissue. To date, large-scale investigations into the pattern of transcript expression across distinct tissues have produced contradictory results. Here, we attempt to determine whether genes express a dominant splice variant at the protein level. We interrogate peptides from eight large-scale human proteomics experiments and databases and find that there is a single dominant protein isoform, irrespective of tissue or cell type, for the vast majority of the protein-coding genes in these experiments, in partial agreement with the conclusions from the most recent large-scale RNAseq study. Remarkably, the dominant isoforms from the experimental proteomics analyses coincided overwhelmingly with the reference isoforms selected by two completely orthogonal sources, the consensus coding sequence variants, which are agreed upon by separate manual genome curation teams, and the principal isoforms from the APPRIS database, predicted automatically from the conservation of protein sequence, structure, and function.
|
['Computational Biology', 'Databases, Protein', 'Humans', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Peptides', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Proteomics']
| 25,732,134
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.300.750', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325.710', 'L01.470.750.750.300.750', 'L01.470.750.750.325.710'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776.800'], ['H01.158.201.843', 'H01.158.273.180.350.700', 'H01.158.273.343.350.700', 'H01.181.122.738']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The Use of Tissue Glue for Circumcision in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of tissue glue in pediatric circumcision.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the English literature (1997-2017) was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement on children who underwent circumcision with tissue glue. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2, and MedCalc 18. P values <.05 were considered significant.RESULTS: The search returned 15 studies for a total of 4567 circumcisions, of which 3045 (66%) were performed with tissue glue. The systematic review indicated that overall complication rates were 4.3% (tissue glue) and 5.9% (sutures). The use of tissue glue was associated with reduced postoperative pain, better cosmetic results, and reduced cost. Meta-analysis showed that there was no difference between the incidence of total postoperative complications (relative risk [RR] 0.86 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.62-1.19], P = .36) and wound infection and dehiscence between the 2 groups (RR 0.95 [95% CI: 0.59-1.56], P = .85). Postoperative bleeding and hematoma formation were reduced with the use of tissue glue (RR 0.55 [95% CI: 0.32-0.95], P = .03). Tissue glue also significantly shorten the operative time (mean difference -0.22 [95% CI: -0.39 to -0.05], P = .01).CONCLUSION: The incidence of postoperative bleeding and hematoma formation in pediatric circumcision is reduced with the use of tissue glue. Tissue glue has reduced operative time; furthermore, it might be associated with reduced postoperative pain, less overall cost, and superior cosmetic results.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Circumcision, Male', 'Health Care Costs', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Operative Time', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Surgical Wound Dehiscence', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Sutures', 'Tissue Adhesives']
| 29,407,454
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.218.085.170', 'E04.085.170', 'E04.950.774.860.226'], ['N03.219.151.400', 'N05.300.375'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['C23.550.414.941', 'C23.550.767.850'], ['C23.550.767.887'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E07.858.690.820'], ['D25.919', 'D27.720.102.919', 'E07.858.690.860', 'J01.637.051.919']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Characteristics of prosthetic vision in rats with subretinal flat and pillar electrode arrays.
|
OBJECTIVE: Retinal prostheses aim to restore sight by electrically stimulating the surviving retinal neurons. In clinical trials of the current retinal implants, prosthetic visual acuity does not exceed 20/550. However, to provide meaningful restoration of central vision in patients blinded by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), prosthetic acuity should be at least 20/200, necessitating a pixel pitch of about 50 µm or lower. With such small pixels, stimulation thresholds are high due to limited penetration of electric field into tissue. Here, we address this challenge with our latest photovoltaic arrays and evaluate their performance in vivo.APPROACH: We fabricated photovoltaic arrays with 55 and 40 µm pixels (a) in flat geometry, and (b) with active electrodes on 10 µm tall pillars. The arrays were implanted subretinally into rats with degenerate retina. Stimulation thresholds and grating acuity were evaluated using measurements of the visually evoked potentials (VEP).MAIN RESULTS: With 55 µm pixels, we measured grating acuity of 48 ± 11 µm, which matches the linear pixel pitch of the hexagonal array. This geometrically corresponds to a visual acuity of 20/192 in a human eye, matching the threshold of legal blindness in the US (20/200). With pillar electrodes, the irradiance threshold was nearly halved, and duration threshold reduced by more than three-fold, compared to flat pixels. With 40 µm pixels, VEP was too low for reliable measurements of the grating acuity, even with pillar electrodes.SIGNIFICANCE: While being helpful for treating a complete loss of sight, current prosthetic technologies are insufficient for addressing the leading cause of untreatable visual impairment-AMD. Subretinal photovoltaic arrays may provide sufficient visual acuity for restoration of central vision in patients blinded by AMD.
|
['Animals', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Prosthesis Implantation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Retina', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Visual Prosthesis']
| 31,341,094
|
[['B01.050'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['E04.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['E07.695.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modulation of resistance to anticancer drugs by inhibition of metallothionein synthesis.
|
The expression of metallothionein (MT) in certain tumor cells has been associated with resistance to anticancer drugs. In the present study, we examined the effects of inhibition of MT synthesis on resistance to anticancer drugs of human bladder tumor which were inoculated in nude mice. The results show that pretreatment of tumor-bearing mice with zinc salts increased MT content, both in normal and tumor tissues, with a marked reduction in the antitumor activity of cisplatin, Adriamycin, and melphalan. Injection of propargylglycine, an inhibitor of cystathionase, decreased MT induction by zinc in the tumor and diminished the resistance to these drugs. These results suggest a role for MT in drug resistance in tumors, and injection of propargylglycine may provide a potential means to overcome drug resistance caused by elevation of MT levels in certain tumors.
|
['Alkynes', 'Animals', 'Cisplatin', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Cysteine', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance', 'Female', 'Fibrosarcoma', 'Glycine', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melphalan', 'Metallothionein', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Mice, Nude', 'Pargyline', 'Sulfates', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Zinc Compounds', 'Zinc Sulfate']
| 7,923,149
|
[['D02.455.326.397'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['G07.690.773.984'], ['C04.557.450.565.590.350', 'C04.557.450.795.350'], ['D12.125.481'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.728.650.594', 'D12.125.072.050.685.500'], ['D12.776.556.670'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D02.092.200.650', 'D02.455.426.559.389.140.210.650'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850'], ['A11.251.860'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['D01.975'], ['D01.875.800.800.850.950', 'D01.975.987']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF CONBERCEPT VERSUS RANIBIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY.
|
PURPOSE: Intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) is the latest applied treatment that could be used in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients. The structural outcomes and recurrence of ROP among patients treated with IVC or intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) were compared.METHODS: A consecutive case series of ROP treated with IVC or IVR were retrospectively studied. The primary outcome was treatment success defined as regression of plus disease. The secondary outcomes were recurrence of plus, times of injection, and the final regression of disease.RESULTS: A total of 48 eyes (24 patients) with ROP were included. Twenty eyes (10 patients) received IVC, and 28 eyes (14 patients) received IVR. For the IVC group, 18 eyes had Zone II 3+ ROP and 2 eyes had aggressive posterior ROP. Among the 28 eyes treated with IVR, 6 eyes had Zone I 2/3+ ROP, 6 eyes had aggressive posterior ROP, and 16 eyes had Zone II 3+ ROP. For the IVC group, the mean gestational age, birth weight, postmenstrual age at initial treatment, and follow-up period for the infants were 29.49 ± 1.37 weeks, 1,369.0 ± 161.9 g, 38.47 ± 2.72 weeks, and 52.6 ± 21.4 weeks, respectively. And for the infants who received IVR, these were 28.35 ± 1.62 weeks, 1,171.4 ± 279.9 g, 38.53 ± 3.54 weeks, and 42.9 ± 9.8 weeks, respectively. For the IVC group, 17 (85%) of 20 eyes received the injection only once, and the regression of plus disease occurred 4.3 ± 2.08 weeks later. Three eyes (15%) did not healed with one injection received a second IVC, and the regression of plus disease occurred within 3 weeks. For the IVR group, 15/28 (53.6%) eyes received a second IVR. Among them, 10 recurrent eyes and 5 eyes did not recover with one injection. No retinal detachment was observed in both group infants.CONCLUSION: Both conbercept and ranibizumab are effective choice for the treatment of ROP. Conbercept is a novel effective treatment strategy for ROP providing a new treatment option for ophthalmologists.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Male', 'Ranibizumab', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Recurrence', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 28,699,927
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.868', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.868'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C11.768.836', 'C16.614.521.731'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Concealed re-entry in the human heart.
|
The mechanism and electrophysiologic manifestations of concealed re-entry were studied in human electrocardiograms and intracardiac recordings. Previously described patterns of concealed re-entry were documented in 49 patients. In seven cases concealed re-entry was involved in the genesis of Wenckebach periodicity and alternating Wenckebach periodicity in the AV node, and "reversed" Wenckebach periods in the His-Purkinje system. These manifestations of concealed re-entry were not described so far. In five cases re-entry was apparently concealed. Complete (but hidden) circus movement of the supraventricular impulses in these patients were detected by intracardiac recordings and by analysing the effects of echo beats on timing of the subsequent sinus beats. Concealed re-entry of the cardiac impulse is a well-documented electrophysiologic event which explains many common and peculiar manifestations of impulse formation and impulse conduction in the human heart.
|
['Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Atrioventricular Node', 'Bundle of His', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiology', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Humans', 'Purkinje Fibers']
| 7,180,359
|
[['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['A07.541.409.147'], ['A07.541.409.273'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['A07.541.409'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.541.409.683']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Satureja Montana L. and S. Subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae).
|
Satureja montanaL. and S. subspicata Vis. (Lamiaceae) are used for centuries in traditional medicine of Balcanic people in the healing of the lymphatic nodule and respiratory system inflammation. In this paper the amount of total phenols and flavonoids (analyzed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry), phenolic compounds profile (analyzed by HPLC), antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were studied in samples collected in seven per species populations of S. montanaand S. subspicatain Croatia. Eight phenolic compounds (rutin, quercetin, caffeic, p-coumaric, ellagic, protocatehuic, rosmarinic, and syringic acid) were identified and quantified using HPLC in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. Results showed that both species contained polyphenolics and other antioxidant compounds with chelating and radical-scavenging properties. The extracts prepared from both species showed broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity on in vitrotested microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and Microsporum gypseum).
|
['Anti-Infective Agents', 'Antioxidants', 'Bacteria', 'Croatia', 'Flavonoids', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Phenols', 'Plant Extracts', 'Satureja']
| 25,642,718
|
[['D27.505.954.122'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B03'], ['Z01.542.248.295'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.935']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Placental mosaicism for Trisomy 13: a challenge in providing the cell-free fetal DNA testing.
|
PURPOSE: We investigated the disagreement between the positive cell-free fetal DNA test for trisomy 13 and the standard cytogenetic diagnosis of one case.METHODS: Cell-free fetal DNA testing was performed by massively parallel sequencing. We used conventional cytogenetic analysis to confirm the commercial cell-free fetal DNA testing. Additionally, postnatal fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) testing was performed on placental tissues.RESULTS: The cell-free fetal DNA testing result was positive for trisomy 13. G-banded analysis of amniotic fluid was normal, 46, XY. FISH testing of tissues from four quadrants of the placenta demonstrated mosaicism for trisomy 13.CONCLUSIONS: A positive cell-free fetal DNA testing result may not be representative of the fetal karyotype because of placental mosaicism. Cytogenetic analysis should be performed when abnormal cell-free fetal DNA test results are obtained.
|
['Adult', 'Amniotic Fluid', 'Aneuploidy', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Female', 'Genetic Testing', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Karyotype', 'Mosaicism', 'Placenta', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Diagnosis', 'Trisomy', 'Trisomy 13 Syndrome']
| 24,497,298
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A12.098', 'A16.378.149'], ['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.375', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.375'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.360.162.679'], ['G05.365.590.175.595'], ['A16.710'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E01.370.378.630'], ['C23.550.210.050.750', 'C23.550.210.182.500', 'G05.365.590.175.050.750', 'G05.365.590.175.183.500', 'G05.700.131.750'], ['C10.597.606.360.835', 'C14.240.400.970', 'C14.280.400.970', 'C16.131.077.919', 'C16.131.240.400.965', 'C16.131.260.923', 'C16.320.180.923']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expression of p16 in serous ovarian neoplasms.
|
PURPOSE: We aimed to examine p16 protein expression in ovarian serous neoplasms along with normal ovarian tissues.MATERIALS AND METHODS: P16 expression was immunhistochemically evaluated in 86 ovarian serous neoplasms (21 cystadenomas, 20 borderline tumors and 45 carcinomas) and 21 non-neoplastic ovarian tissue. The results were also compared with histopathological grade in serous adenocarcinomas.RESULTS: P16 expression rates for benign, borderline ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer were 14.2%, 85% and 86.6%, respectively. It was significantly higher in carcinomas (p < 0.001) and borderline tumors (p < 0.001) compared to cystadenomas. No immunoreactivity was found in the non-neoplastic ovarian surface epithelial cells. The percentage of p16 expression did not change significantly with histological grade in carcinomas.CONCLUSION: P16 expression is strong and widespread involving most tumor cells in serous papillary ovarian carcinomas, and is probably an early event.
|
['Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16', 'Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Ovarian Neoplasms']
| 21,077,476
|
[['D12.644.360.225.200', 'D12.776.167.187.200', 'D12.776.476.225.200', 'D12.776.624.776.355.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.480.240', 'C04.557.470.590.480.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.624'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The small for gestational age infant: accelerated or delayed pulmonary maturation? Increased or decreased survival?
|
OBJECTIVE: Small for gestational age (SGA) neonates have been considered to have accelerated pulmonary maturation and thus a lower risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates. This, however, has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, we compared SGA infants with AGA infants of the same gestational age (GA) with respect to risk of RDS, respiratory failure, or death.POPULATION: An indigent population born in a large county hospital.METHODS: Multivariate analyses were performed controlling for GA alone or for GA, race, sex, and congenital anomalies. Because the proper method to identify SGA infants is unclear, we performed separate analyses using different GA estimates (obstetric or pediatric) and intrauterine growth grids (hospital-specific grids or grids for a healthy, geographically-defined population).RESULTS: SGA infants did not fare better than AGA infants in any analysis. SGA infants had significantly increased risk in some analyses of RDS and in almost all analyses of respiratory failure or death. The risk associated with being SGA was generally comparable to that associated with male sex or White race.CONCLUSION: The concept that intrauterine growth retardation accelerates lung maturation and improves outcome is not supported in comparisons of SGA and AGA infants of the same GA, sex, and race. This widely accepted concept deserves critical re-evaluation.
|
['Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Fetal Organ Maturity', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Infant Mortality', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Logistic Models', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn', 'Respiratory Insufficiency', 'Risk Factors']
| 7,700,754
|
[['C13.703.277.370', 'C16.300.390', 'C23.550.393.450'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.750', 'G07.345.500.325.377.249', 'G08.686.784.170.157.750'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.460.560'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A04.411'], ['C08.381.840.500', 'C08.618.840.500', 'C16.614.521.563'], ['C08.618.846'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The analysis of underivatized â-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), BAMA, AEG & 2,4-DAB in Pteropus mariannus mariannus specimens using HILIC-LC-MS/MS.
|
â-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been identified as the potential cause of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) observed in the Chamorro people of Guam. The principal hypothesis for BMAA exposure and intoxication relies on the biomagnification of BMAA in flying fox specimens ingested by the Chamorro people. Although high levels of BMAA were quantitated in flying fox specimens utilizing liquid chromatography-fluorescence (LC-FL), there have not been any confirmatory analyses conducted to date. Therefore, a method for the tissue homogenization, extraction and direct analysis of BMAA (including BAMA, 2,4-DAB and AEG) was utilized. The approach was applied to mammalian dried skin and hair from various rodent species (negative controls) and archived flying fox (Pteropus mariannus mariannus) specimens. A positive control sample of homogenized mussel (Mytelius edulis) with native BMAA was used to verify the method. It was determined that the direct analysis using HILIC MS/MS required additional quality control in order to allow for the confident identification of BMAA due to the near co-elution of BAMA. BMAA was not present above 0.2 ìg g-1 (free fraction) or 2.8 ìg g-1 (total fraction) in the flying fox specimens. While analysis did not result in BMAA detection in flying fox or negative control samples, the positive control sample and spiked samples were successfully detected.
|
['Amino Acids, Diamino', 'Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Chiroptera', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Hair', 'Isomerism', 'Rodentia', 'Skin', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry']
| 30,102,919
|
[['D12.125.095'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.937'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['A17.360'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992'], ['A17.815'], ['E05.196.566.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extensive HLA-driven viral diversity following a narrow-source HIV-1 outbreak in rural China.
|
Obstacles to developing an HIV-1 vaccine include extensive viral diversity and lack of correlates of protective immunity. High mutation rates allow HIV-1 to adapt rapidly to selective forces such as antiretroviral therapy and immune pressure, including HIV-1-specific CTLs that select viral variants which escape T-cell recognition. Multiple factors contribute to HIV-1 diversity, making it difficult to disentangle the contribution of CTL selection without using complex analytical approaches. We describe an HIV-1 outbreak in 231 former plasma donors in China, where a narrow-source virus that had contaminated the donation system was apparently transmitted to many persons contemporaneously. The genetic divergence now evident in these subjects should uniquely reveal how much viral diversity at the population level is solely attributable to host factors. We found significant correlations between pair-wise divergence of viral sequences and HLA class I genotypes across epitope-length windows in HIV-1 Gag, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and Nef, corresponding to sites of 140 HLA class I allele-associated viral polymorphisms. Of all polymorphic sites across these 4 proteins, 24%-56% were sites of HLA-associated selection. These data confirm that CTL pressure has a major effect on inter-host HIV-1 viral diversity and probably represents a key element of viral control.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'China', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Integrase', 'HIV Reverse Transcriptase', 'HIV-1', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Phylogeny', 'Rural Population', 'gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus', 'nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']
| 21,562,042
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['N06.850.290'], ['D23.050.550.402'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['D08.811.739.500.667.500', 'D08.811.913.696.445.825.500', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.500', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.500', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.775.375.750.187', 'D12.776.964.775.562.764.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.545.875', 'D12.776.964.900.750.500.750.187', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.545.875', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.375.750.187'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['D12.776.395.550.489', 'D12.776.543.550.439', 'D23.050.301.500.100', 'D23.050.705.552.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['N01.600.725'], ['D12.776.775.330.650', 'D12.776.964.775.350.362', 'D12.776.964.775.562.750', 'D12.776.964.970.600.850.350.362'], ['D12.776.964.775.362.500', 'D12.776.964.775.562.760', 'D12.776.964.925.500.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthesis from glucose decreases during amino acid starvation of human lymphoblasts.
|
When cultured human lymphoblasts are starved 3 h for an essential amino acid, rates of purine nucleotide synthesis decrease markedly because of a decrease in the intracellular phosphoribosylpyrophosphate concentration (Boss, G.R., and Erbe, R.W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4242-4247; Boss, G. R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2936-2941). In amino acid-starved cells, glucose transport was not changed, whereas total glucose consumption and lactate production decreased by approximately 25 and 10%, respectively. Carbon flow through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, measured by 14CO2 release from [1-14C]glucose, decreased by 18% during amino acid starvation. However, kinetic studies of ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase and phosphoriboisomerase suggested that the ribulose 5-phosphate produced by this pathway is converted mostly to xylulose 5-phosphate instead of to ribose 5-phosphate so that this pathway produces little phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. The activity of the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway, measured by high performance liquid chromatography following the incorporation of [1-14C]glucose into phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, ATP, and GTP, decreased by approximately 55% during amino acid starvation. None of the enzymes of either pathway changed in specific activity during amino acid starvation. We conclude that the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway is the major source of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate for purine nucleotide synthesis and that this pathway is regulated by a metabolite which changes in concentration during amino acid starvation.
|
['Aldose-Ketose Isomerases', 'Amino Acids', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Carbohydrate Epimerases', 'Cell Line', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Lymphocytes', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Pentose Phosphate Pathway', 'Pentosephosphates', 'Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate', 'Ribulosephosphates']
| 2,581,946
|
[['D08.811.399.475.200'], ['D12.125'], ['G03.143.310'], ['D08.811.399.894.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G02.111.158.875', 'G03.191.875', 'G03.295.693', 'G03.493.695'], ['D09.894.643'], ['D09.894.643.650'], ['D09.894.643.720']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of a hyperosmotic agent on epithelial disruptions during laser in situ keratomileusis.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of epithelial disruptions during primary laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the use of a preoperative hyperosmotic treatment comprising sodium chloride 5% ophthalmic ointment (Muro-128) and to identify the incidence of epithelial disruptions in various demographic populations.SETTING: TLC Laser Eye Center, McLean, Virginia, USA.DESIGN: Comparative case series.METHODS: Using a matched-pair design, hyperosmotic treatment was randomized to 1 eye of patients having bilateral LASIK. The primary outcome measure, epithelial integrity, was assessed in each eye. Epithelial integrity was evaluated in groups defined by characteristics that included age, sex, ethnicity, skin type, presence or absence of rosacea, eye color, and hair color.RESULTS: The study evaluated 496 eyes of 248 patients. The preoperative hyperosmotic treatment was associated with significantly less corneal epithelial disruption, as indicated by an epithelial integrity score. Compared with control eyes, the rate of corneal epithelial disruptions in the population of treated eyes decreased by 40% (relative risk, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.95). Among the characteristics studied, age was the best predictor of corneal epithelial disruptions; every 1-year increase in age was associated with a 9.0% increase in the risk for corneal epithelial disruptions (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). Eyes of patients older than 34 years had a 4.4 times greater odds of being associated with epithelial disturbances than eyes of patients 34 years or younger.CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative use of hyperosmotic agents can reduce the risk for intraoperative epithelial disruptions during LASIK. An increase in epithelial disruptions was associated with increasing age.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Corneal Diseases', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ', 'Lasers, Excimer', 'Male', 'Osmotic Pressure', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Saline Solution, Hypertonic']
| 25,935,340
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C11.204'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A11.436'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E02.594.480.750', 'E04.014.520.480.750', 'E04.378.500.750', 'E04.540.825.437.374'], ['E07.632.490.244', 'E07.710.520.244'], ['G01.374.715.578', 'G02.640.249', 'G02.723.661'], ['E02.760.795', 'E04.604.750', 'N02.421.585.795'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D26.776.314.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Arterial Calcification Is Regulated Via an miR-204/DNMT3a Regulatory Circuit Both In Vitro and in Female Mice.
|
Arterial calcification is a common cardiovascular disease that initiates from a process of osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs play an important role in regulating arterial calcification. miR-204 was significantly downregulated in calcified human renal arteries from patients with uremia; calcified arteries of mice, due to 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet (5/6 NTP); and in VSMCs induced by high phosphate concentration. The overexpression of miR-204 alleviated the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Bisulphite sequencing PCR revealed that CpG sites upstream of miR-204 DNA were hypermethylated in calcified VSMCs; in calcified arteries of mice, due to 5/6 NTP; and in calcified renal artery tissues from patients with uremia. Moreover, increased DNMT3a resulted in the hypermethylation of miR-204 in high phosphate concentration-induced VSMCs, whereas 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine could restore the expression of miR-204 in high phosphate concentration-induced VSMCs. Moreover, we found that DNMT3a was the target of miR-204, and the methylation ratio of miR-204 was decreased significantly, meaning that the expression of miR-204 was restored when DNMT3a was knocked down by using DNMT3a small interfering RNA, resulting in abrogation of the effect of high phosphate concentration on VSMC calcification. The progress of arterial calcification is regulated by the miR-204/DNMT3a regulatory circuit.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Aorta', 'Case-Control Studies', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases', 'DNA Methylation', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Methylation', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Nephrectomy', 'Osteoblasts', 'Phosphates', 'Renal Artery', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Uremia', 'Vascular Calcification']
| 29,850,805
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['D08.811.913.555.500.350.100.500'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.898.656'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['A11.620.520'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['A11.329.629'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['A07.015.114.745'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936'], ['C18.452.174.130.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Emotional and behavioral reactions to facially deformed patients before and after craniofacial surgery.
|
The present experiment investigated whether observers' emotional and behavioral reactions to facially deformed patients could be substantially improved by surgical procedures conducted by well-trained specialists in an experienced multidisciplinary team. Also investigated was the hypothesis that emotional states mediate the effects of physical attractiveness and facial deformity on social interaction. Twenty patients between the ages of 3 months and 17 years were randomly selected from over 2000 patients' files of Kenneth E. Salyer of Dallas, Texas. Patient diagnoses included facial clefts, hypertelorism, Treacher Collins syndrome, and craniofacial dysostoses (Crouzon's and Apert's syndromes). Rigorously standardized photographs of patients taken before and after surgery were shown to 22 "naive" raters ranging in age from 18 to 54 years. Raters were asked to predict their emotional and behavioral responses to the patients. These ratings indicated that observers' behavioral reactions to facially deformed children and adolescents would be more positive following craniofacial surgery. Similarly, the ratings indicated that observers' emotional reactions to these patients would be more positive following surgery. The results are discussed in terms of current sociopsychologic theoretical models for the effects of attractiveness on social interaction. A new model is presented that implicates induced emotional states as a mediating process in explaining the effects of attractiveness and facial deformity on the quality of social interactions. Limitations of the current investigation and directions for future research are also discussed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Emotions', 'Facial Bones', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Random Allocation', 'Skull', 'Social Behavior']
| 3,406,177
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F01.470'], ['A02.835.232.781.324'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['F01.829.401'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['A02.835.232.781'], ['F01.145.813']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Insights into potential consequences of fusion hypothetical accident, lessons learnt from the former fission accidents.
|
From previous catastrophic fission nuclear accidents, such as the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents, researchers learnt the lessons that external hazard beyond design basis or human errors could result in severe accidents and multi-failure of the confinements although they were considered as very-low-probability events and not requested to be paid much attention to according to the current nuclear safety regulations. Fusion energy is always regarded as a safe and clean energy. However, massive quantity of radioactivity still exists in the fusion reactor and is possible to be released into the environment. The environmental pollution and potential public consequences due to severe accidents of fusion reactor remain largely unexplored. In this contribution, we intended to investigate the hypothetical accident to envelop the worst but probable consequences of fusion reactor, and compare with historic Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents under assumed environmental conditions. It was demonstrated that, the radiation consequences of a hypothetical fusion accident would be much less severe than fission accidents, e.g. an INES 7 accident could not appear in a fusion reactor, as in the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents. However, it would still be disastrous and the publics close to site might be exposed to "potentially lethal" radiation dose.
|
['Chernobyl Nuclear Accident', 'Disasters', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'Fukushima Nuclear Accident', 'Humans', 'Power Plants', 'Probability', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Radioactive Hazard Release']
| 30,513,506
|
[['K01.400.504.968.150', 'N06.850.135.848.500'], ['N06.230.100'], ['E05.799.513.500', 'G01.750.740.500', 'G04.712.500', 'G07.225', 'G07.738.500', 'N06.850.810.250.180'], ['K01.400.504.984.186', 'N06.850.135.848.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['N06.850.135.848']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Reduced polymerization stress of MAPO-containing resin composites with increased curing speed, degree of conversion and mechanical properties.
|
OBJECTIVES: The degree and rate of photopolymerization in resin-based dental composites will significantly affect polymer network formation and resultant material properties that may determine their clinical success. This study investigates the mechanical properties, the generation of stress from polymerization, tooth cusp deflection and marginal integrity of experimental resin composites that contain different photoinitiators.METHODS: Experimental light-activated resin composites (60vol% particulate filled in 50/50mass% bis-GMA/TEGDMA) were formulated using a monoacylphosphine oxide (MAPO) photoinitiator and compared with a conventional camphoroquinone (CQ)-based system. Similar radiant exposure was used (18Jcm(-2)) for polymerization of each material although the curing protocol was varied (400mWcm(-2) for 45s, 1500mWcm(-2) for 12s and 3000mWcm(-2) for 6s). Degree and rate of polymerization was calculated in real-time by near infrared spectroscopy and the generation of stress throughout polymerization measured using a cantilever beam method. Flexural strength and modulus were acquired by three-point bend tests. Standardized cavities in extract pre-molar teeth were restored with each material, the total cuspal deflection measured and post-placement marginal integrity between the tooth and restoration recorded.RESULTS: Generally, MAPO- exhibited a significantly higher degree of conversion (72±0.8 to 82±0.5%) compared with CQ-based materials (39±0.7 to 65±1.6%) regardless of curing protocol (p<0.05) and MAPO-based materials exhibited less difference in conversion between curing protocols. CQ-based materials exhibited between ?85 and 95% of the maximum rate of polymerization at <15% conversion, whereas MAPO-based RBCs did not approach the maximum rate until >50% conversion. Higher irradiance polymerization had a significant deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of CQ-based materials (p<0.05) whereas MAPO-based materials exhibited increased strength and modulus and were less affected by the curing method. Total cuspal deflection in restored extracted teeth was higher for CQ- compared with MAPO-based materials cured at the lowest irradiance curing protocol (12.9±4.0 and 8.3±1.5ìm) and similar at 3000mWcm(-1) for 6s (10.1±3.5 and 9.0±1.5ìm). A significant decrease in marginal integrity was observed for CQ-based RBCs cured at high irradiance for short exposure time compared with that of the MAPO-based RBC cured using a similar protocol (p=0.037).SIGNIFICANCE: Polymer network formation dictates the final properties of the set composite and the use MAPO photoinitiators may provide an effective restorative material that exhibits higher curing speeds, increased degree of conversion, strength and modulus without compromise in terms of polymerization stress and marginal integrity between tooth and restoration.
|
['Composite Resins', 'Curing Lights, Dental', 'Materials Testing', 'Polymerization']
| 24,629,734
|
[['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.186.104', 'E07.222.104'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat.
|
The time course of plasma corticosterone was measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats whose endogenous release of ACTH had been blocked following rapid i.v. injections of doses ranging from 0.003 to 10 micrograms corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) per rat and during i.v. infusions at rates ranging from 0.001 to 20 ng CRF X min-1 X 100 g body weight-1. The range of the dose-response curve, following rapid injection, extends from 0.01 to 0.37 micrograms CRF, whereas it extends over a 20 000-fold range from 0.001 to 20 ng CRF X min-1 X 100 g body weight-1 during a continuous infusion. The delayed response to a small rate of CRF could be ascribed to a relatively long time of residence of CRF in the plasma which implies that a relatively long period of time is required until a minimal plasma CRF concentration is reached after the onset of a continuous infusion of CRF at a small rate. When presented with a prolonged infusion of CRF at a large rate, the pituitary secretion of ACTH is rapidly turned on at a rate which exhibits the characteristics of a prolonged secretion at a constant large magnitude.
|
['Adrenal Cortex', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Corticosterone', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Infusions, Parenteral', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 3,011,231
|
[['A06.300.071.140'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.140', 'D12.644.400.400.740.140', 'D12.644.548.365.740.140', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.140'], ['E02.319.267.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Control of normal and transformed cell proliferation by growth factor-nutrient interactions.
|
The proliferation of normal mammalian cells, similar to that of single bacterial and lower eukaryotic cells, is restricted by space and nutrients. Cultured human lung fibroblasts have been used as a model to show that, in the absence of spatial restrictions, the requirement for specific nutrients limits normal cell proliferation. Serum-derived hormonelike growth factors transiently reduce the requirement for Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, phosphate ions, and 2-oxocarboxylic acids for normal cell proliferation. Oncogenic transformation by virus causes a constitutive reduction in the requirement for multiple nutrients for proliferation. A constitutive reduction in the proliferative requirement for Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+ allows transformed cells to escape the restrictions imposed on normal cell growth by suboptimal external concentrations of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and hormonelike growth factors. An understanding of the processes that determine the nutrient requirements of different normal cell types and their alteration by hormonelike growth factors and oncogenic agents is needed to understand and suppress the growth advantage possessed by malignant cells.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Culture Media', 'Fibroblasts', 'Growth Substances', 'Hormones', 'Lung', 'Magnesium', 'Neoplasms', 'Phosphates', 'Potassium', 'Pyruvates', 'Pyruvic Acid']
| 6,690,330
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['D06.472', 'D27.505.696.399.472'], ['A04.411'], ['D01.268.552.437', 'D01.268.557.500', 'D01.552.547.500'], ['C04'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D02.241.755.812'], ['D02.241.755.812.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Real-time monitoring of electrochemical controlled protein adsorption by a plasmonic nanowire based sensor.
|
A plasmonic sensor composed of a vertically aligned gold nanowire array was fabricated and employed for the optical detection of protein adsorption induced by an electric field.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Biosensing Techniques', 'Cattle', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Gold', 'Muramidase', 'Nanowires', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine']
| 23,925,550
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.601.043'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.301'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['D08.811.277.450.642'], ['J01.637.512.925'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Standards to support learning and assessment in practice.
|
This is the first article in a series of 11 that will offer guidance to new and existing mentors and practice teachers to enable them to develop in their role and help them to gather a portfolio of evidence that meets the Nursing and Midwifery Council's Standards to Support Learning and Assessment in Practice (SSLAP). This article provides background to the development of the standards and outlines the SSLAP, including the four main stages of the framework, the eight domains and outcomes, and the five principles required for the roles of mentor, sign-off mentor and practice teacher. The requirements for maintaining the mentor and practice teacher roles are explored.
|
['Clinical Competence', 'Competency-Based Education', 'Education, Nursing', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Mentors', 'Midwifery', 'Students, Nursing', 'United Kingdom']
| 26,967,885
|
[['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.158.210'], ['I02.358.462'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['M01.395'], ['H02.478.676.416'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Multiscale Analysis of Neurite Orientation and Spatial Organization in Neuronal Images.
|
The spatial organization of neurites, the thin processes (i.e., dendrites and axons) that stem from a neuron's soma, conveys structural information required for proper brain function. The alignment, direction and overall geometry of neurites in the brain are subject to continuous remodeling in response to healthy and noxious stimuli. In the developing brain, during neurogenesis or in neuroregeneration, these structural changes are indicators of the ability of neurons to establish axon-to-dendrite connections that can ultimately develop into functional synapses. Enabling a proper quantification of this structural remodeling would facilitate the identification of new phenotypic criteria to classify developmental stages and further our understanding of brain function. However, adequate algorithms to accurately and reliably quantify neurite orientation and alignment are still lacking. To fill this gap, we introduce a novel algorithm that relies on multiscale directional filters designed to measure local neurites orientation over multiple scales. This innovative approach allows us to discriminate the physical orientation of neurites from finer scale phenomena associated with local irregularities and noise. Building on this multiscale framework, we also introduce a notion of alignment score that we apply to quantify the degree of spatial organization of neurites in tissue and cultured neurons. Numerical codes were implemented in Python and released open source and freely available to the scientific community.
|
['Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Hippocampus', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neurites', 'Reproducibility of Results']
| 27,369,547
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['L01.224.308'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A08.675.256.500', 'A08.675.542.145.500', 'A11.284.180.610', 'A11.671.501.145.500', 'A11.671.543'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
L-lysine uptake in giant vesicles from cardiac ventricular sarcolemma: two components of cationic amino acid transport.
|
Cationic L-amino acids enter cardiac-muscle cells through carrier-mediated transport. To study this process in detail, L-[(14)C]lysine uptake experiments were conducted within a 10(3)-fold range of L-lysine concentrations in giant sarcolemmal vesicles prepared from rat cardiac ventricles. Vesicles had a surface-to-volume ratio comparable with that of an epithelial cell, thus representing a suitable system for initial uptake rate studies. Two Na(+)-independent, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive uptake components were found, one with high apparent affinity (K(m)=222+/-71 microM) and low transport capacity (V(max)=121+/-36 pmol/min per mg of vesicle protein) and the other with low apparent affinity (K(m)=16+/-4 mM) and high capacity (V(max)=4.0+/-0.4 nmol/min per mg of vesicle protein). L-Lysine uptake mediated by both components was stimulated by the presence of intravesicular L-lysine as well as by valinomycin-induced membrane hyperpolarization. Altogether, this behaviour is consistent with the functional properties of the CAT-1 and CAT-2A members of the system y(+) family of cationic amino acid transporters. Furthermore, mRNA transcripts for these two carrier proteins were identified in freshly isolated rat cardiac myocytes, the amount of CAT-1 mRNA, relative to beta-actin, being 33-fold larger than that of CAT-2A. These two transporters appear to function simultaneously as a homoeostatic device that supplies cardiac-muscle cells with cationic amino acids under a variety of metabolic conditions. Analysis of two carriers acting in parallel with such an array of kinetic parameters shows significant activity of the low-affinity component even at amino acid plasma levels far below its K(m).
|
['Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Cations', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Ethylmaleimide', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Kinetics', 'Lysine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sarcolemma']
| 19,032,145
|
[['D12.776.157.530.200.374', 'D12.776.543.585.200.374'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['D01.268.150.075.328', 'D01.496.123.328', 'D01.496.749.154'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D02.241.081.337.502.524.418', 'D02.478.440.418', 'D03.383.129.578.399.418'], ['A07.541.560'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['A11.284.149.707']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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