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[Mitochondrial DNA diversity in prehispanic bone remains on the eastern Colombian Andes].
|
INTRODUCTION: DNA extracted from ancient human bones allows to analyze the genetic makeup of pre-Columbian populations and to determine the dynamics that gave rise to the diversity of contemporary populations.OBJECTIVE: To determine the genetic diversity of skeletal remains associated with the Templo del Sol (Sun Temple) and their relationship with other contemporary and ancient communities of America.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 13 individuals belonging to the pre-Columbian Muisca Period (IX-XVI centuries AD) from the vicinities of the Templo del Sol (Sun Temple) (Sogamoso, Boyac?) in the eastern Colombian Andes. Mitochondrial DNA was amplified and RFLPs were performed in order to type the four traditional Amerindian haplogroups (A, B, C and D). In addition, autosomal markers including amelogenin and Y-chromosome STRs were amplified.RESULTS: Among the observed mitochondrial lineages, haplogroup A was the most frequent, followed by haplogroups B and C; no evidence of haplogroup D was found. The genetic variation analysis indicated a similar diversity of pre-ColumbianMuiscas to that of contemporary populations belonging to the Chibcha linguistic family from Colombia and Central America. Molecular sexing was accomplished and it was compared to osteological data. With only one exception, anthropological and molecular data were consistent.CONCLUSIONS: Our results contribute new genetic elements supporting the hypothesis of Central American origin of the Chibcha groups of the Cundiboyacense plateau, and allowed sex typing and kinship evaluations.
|
['Amelogenin', 'Bone and Bones', 'Chromosomes, Human, Y', 'Colombia', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Female', 'Genetic Markers', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haplotypes', 'History, Ancient', 'History, Medieval', 'Humans', 'Indians, South American', 'Male', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 29,373,774
|
[['D12.776.231.500'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.505.757', 'A11.284.187.865.983.500', 'G05.360.162.520.300.505.757', 'G05.360.162.865.983.500'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.380.360'], ['K01.400.470'], ['K01.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.686.508.150.625'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G05.365.795.595'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
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|
Frog population viability under present and future climate conditions: a Bayesian state-space approach.
|
1. World-wide extinctions of amphibians are at the forefront of the biodiversity crisis, with climate change figuring prominently as a potential driver of continued amphibian decline. As in other taxa, changes in both the mean and variability of climate conditions may affect amphibian populations in complex, unpredictable ways. In western North America, climate models predict a reduced duration and extent of mountain snowpack and increased variability in precipitation, which may have consequences for amphibians inhabiting montane ecosystems. 2. We used Bayesian capture-recapture methods to estimate survival and transition probabilities in a high-elevation population of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) over 10 years and related these rates to interannual variation in peak snowpack. Then, we forecasted frog population growth and viability under a range of scenarios with varying levels of change in mean and variance in snowpack. 3. Over a range of future scenarios, changes in mean snowpack had a greater effect on viability than changes in the variance of snowpack, with forecasts largely predicting an increase in population viability. Population models based on snowpack during our study period predicted a declining population. 4. Although mean conditions were more important for viability than variance, for a given mean snowpack depth, increases in variability could change a population from increasing to decreasing. Therefore, the influence of changing climate variability on populations should be accounted for in predictive models. The Bayesian modelling framework allows for the explicit characterization of uncertainty in parameter estimates and ecological forecasts, and thus provides a natural approach for examining relative contributions of mean and variability in climatic variables to population dynamics. 5. Longevity and heterogeneous habitat may contribute to the potential for this amphibian species to be resilient to increased climatic variation, and shorter-lived species inhabiting homogeneous ecosystems may be more susceptible to increased variability in climate conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Anura', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Climate Change', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Extinction, Biological', 'Models, Biological', 'Montana', 'Population Dynamics']
| 22,574,643
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.510'], ['E05.599.395'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.500'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
| 0
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|
Isolated osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head of lesser toes.
|
Isolated fracture of the metatarsal head is very rare and no consensus has been reached regarding their best management. We reported four cases of isolated osteochondral fracture of the metatarsal head with different method of treatment to achieve the common goal of restoration of the congruity of the metatarsal head.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Foot Injuries', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Fractures, Cartilage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metatarsal Bones', 'Radiography', 'Toes']
| 25,937,421
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.558.300'], ['C26.404'], ['C26.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.492'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
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|
Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells via suppression of the hedgehog signaling pathway.
|
Hypoxic microenvironment, a common feature of pancreatic cancer, is associated with tumor proliferation, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes. In recent years, many natural agents, including curcumin, have been proven to possess the ability to inhibit the progression of pancreatic cancer. However, whether curcumin is able to suppress hypoxia-induced pancreatic cancer progression and the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether curcumin affects hypoxia-induced EMT and the activation of Hh signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer. The human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1, was treated with hypoxic condition and curcumin. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were used to detect the migratory and invasive activity of cancer cells. The EMT-related factors, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin were detected by QT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. The Hh signaling-related factors, SHH, SMO and GLI1 were detected by western blot analysis. The results of present study showed that curcumin could not only inhibit the hypoxia-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer, but also mediate the expression of EMT-related factors. In addition, curcumin remarkably inhibited hypoxia-mediated activation of Hh signaling pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that curcumin plays an important role in suppressing hypoxia-induced pancreatic cancer metastasis by inhibiting the Hh signaling pathway. Curcumin might be a potential candidate for chemoprevention of this severe disease.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cadherins', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Curcumin', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Hedgehog Proteins', 'Humans', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smoothened Receptor', 'Vimentin', 'Wound Healing', 'Zinc Finger Protein GLI1']
| 27,035,865
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['G03.197.300', 'G04.270.300'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D02.455.326.146.485.222.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.200', 'D02.455.426.559.694.222'], ['G04.356.500'], ['D12.644.276.671', 'D12.776.467.671', 'D23.529.671'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.017.500', 'D12.776.543.750.850.500.500'], ['D05.750.078.593.900', 'D12.776.220.475.900'], ['G16.762.891'], ['D12.776.260.755.850', 'D12.776.624.664.700.989', 'D12.776.930.900.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
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|
Prolactin stimulation of Nb 2 node lymphoma cell division is inhibited by polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors.
|
The mitogenic action of prolactin in Nb 2 node lymphoma cells was inhibited by two drugs which interfere with polyamine biosynthesis. At concentrations of 0.5 mM and above alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), which inhibits ornithine decarboxylase and the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, significantly attenuated the mitogenic effect of prolactin. This inhibition was prevented by the addition of putrescine, spermidine, or spermine to the culture medium. At concentrations of 1 microM and above methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), which inhibits S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and hence the conversion of putrescine to spermidine and spermine, abolished the mitogenic action of prolactin. This inhibition was prevented by the addition of spermidine or spermine, but not putrescine, to the culture medium. These studies show that ongoing polyamine biosynthesis is essential for prolactin to express its mitogenic effect in this lymphoma cell line.
|
['Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Drug Interactions', 'Eflornithine', 'Lymphoma', 'Mitoguazone', 'Ornithine', 'Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors', 'Polyamines', 'Prolactin', 'Rats']
| 3,931,086
|
[['D08.811.520.224.125.050'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D12.125.068.665.340', 'D12.125.095.765.340'], ['C04.557.386', 'C15.604.515.569', 'C20.683.515.761'], ['D02.078.370.600'], ['D12.125.068.665', 'D12.125.095.765'], ['D27.505.519.389.705'], ['D02.092.782'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
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| 0
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|
Effects of selective dropout on infant growth standards.
|
Exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants have higher weight gain during the first 2 months, and lower thereafter. The explanation for this phenomenon is not clear. Longitudinal data from the Social Medical Survey of Children Attending Child Health Clinics study with a cohort of 2,151 Dutch children were analyzed according to a pattern mixture model. It appears that higher than average growth of EBF infants during the first 2 months is primarily attributable to selective dropout. Furthermore, between months 2 and 6, light nonEBF infants gain more weight than light EBF infants. Both factors aid in explaining differences in growth between EBF and nonEBF infants. The WHO Child Growth Standards for weight-for-age have been calculated from a subgroup of 903 infants (out of 1,743) that complied with strict feeding criteria. If similar dropout mechanisms operate in the Multicentre Growth Reference Study, then the WHO weight-for-age standards are expected to be systematically different from those for the entire group of 1,743 infants.
|
['Age Factors', 'Body Weight', 'Breast Feeding', 'Growth', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Netherlands', 'Patient Dropouts', 'Reference Values', 'Weight Gain', 'World Health Organization']
| 20,139,681
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['G07.345.249'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.610', 'F01.145.488.887.500.610', 'N05.300.150.800.500.610'], ['E05.978.810'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926'], ['N03.540.514.718.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
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|
First experience with zero-fluoroscopic ablation for supraventricular tachycardias using a novel impedance and magnetic-field-based mapping system.
|
AIMS: Zero- and near-zero-fluoroscopic ablation techniques reduce the harmful effects of ionizing radiation during invasive electrophysiology procedures. We aimed to test the feasibility and safety of a zero-fluoroscopic strategy using a novel integrated magnetic and impedance-based electroanatomical mapping system for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs).METHODS: We retrospectively studied 92 consecutive patients undergoing electrophysiology studies with/without RFA for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) performed by a single operator at a single center. The first 42 (Group 1) underwent a conventional fluoroscopic-guided approach and the second 50 (Group 2) underwent a zero-fluoroscopic approach using the Ensite Precision™ 3-D magnetic and impedance-based mapping system (Abbott Inc).RESULTS: Group 1 comprised 14 AV-nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), 12 typical atrial flutter, 4 accessory pathway (AP), 2 atrial tachycardia (AT), and 9 diagnostic EP studies (EPS). Group 2 comprised 16 AVNRT, 17 atrial flutter, 6 AP, 3 AT, 2 AV-nodal ablations, and 7 EPS. A complete zero-fluoroscopic approach was achieved in 94% of Group 2 patients. All procedures were acutely successful, and no complications occurred. There was a significant reduction in fluoroscopy dose, dose area product, and time (p < 0.0001, for all), with no difference in procedure times. Ablation time for typical atrial flutter was shorter in Group 2 (p = 0.006).CONCLUSIONS: A zero-fluoroscopic strategy for diagnosis and treatment of SVTs using this novel 3D-electroanatomical mapping system is feasible in majority of patients, is safe, reduces ionizing radiation exposure, and does not compromise procedural times, success rates, or complication rates.
|
['Accessory Atrioventricular Bundle', 'Action Potentials', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Flutter', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fluoroscopy', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Operative Time', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Radiation Exposure', 'Radiography, Interventional', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry', 'Tachycardia, Supraventricular', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,476,203
|
[['C23.300.190'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.280.067.248', 'C23.550.073.248'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['E01.370.350.700.225'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.671.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.374.500', 'N02.421.585.753.374.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.799.513', 'G01.750.740', 'N06.850.810.250'], ['G01.750.748', 'N06.850.460.350.850'], ['E01.370.350.700.725', 'E04.502.780'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C14.280.067.845.787.249', 'C14.280.123.875.787.249', 'C23.550.073.845.787.500'], ['C14.280.067.845.880', 'C14.280.123.875.880', 'C23.550.073.845.880'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
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|
Decreased regional gray matter volume in suicide attempters compared to suicide non-attempters with major depressive disorders.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated regional gray matter (GM) volume differences between suicide attempters and suicide non-attempters with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their relationship with psychological risk factors for suicidality.METHODS: MDD patients with and without a suicide attempt history (n=19 in each group) participated. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression (severity subscale), Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), Risk-Rescue Rating (RRR), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Barrett Impulsivity Scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL) were administered. T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired to evaluate changes in GM volume. Voxel-based morphometry was performed using the SPM 8 software package. Two-sample t-tests were used during second-level group comparison analysis; partial correlation analysis controlling for gender and age identified associations between regional GM volume and psychological measures.RESULTS: Suicide attempters exhibited significantly decreased GM volume in the left angular gyrus (p<0.001, uncorrected) and right cerebellum (p<0.001, uncorrected). GM volume in the left angular gyrus was inversely correlated with BHS scores (r=-0.55, p<0.01) and positively correlated with the Seeking Social Support subscale of the WCCL (r=0.43, p<0.01).CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidence of a neural basis of suicidal behaviors in MDD. In particular, reduced GM volume in the left angular gyrus may be a neurobiological marker of suicidality in depressed patients.
|
['Adult', 'Cerebellum', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Gray Matter', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Suicidal Ideation', 'Suicide', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 27,095,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['F03.600.300.375'], ['A08.186.211.168', 'A08.186.854.348'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['F04.711.513.653'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.149', 'I01.880.735.856.149'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Heterogeneous survival rates for isolated skeletal metastases from melanoma.
|
In this study, the authors examine the survivorship of individuals who constitute the small subset of patients with Stage IV melanoma who present with their first and only detectable metastasis to the skeleton. One thousand two hundred six patients were identified with primary melanoma at the authors' institution since 1962. There were 14 patients with isolated (solitary) skeletal metastases. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier technique. The survival rate for any individual with an isolated metastasis to the axial skeleton was 0. Three of 8 patients with melanoma metastases to the appendicular skeleton are alive at 18, 25, and 52 months after Stage IV detection. A statistically significant prolonged latency period (initial diagnosis to Stage IV) in the appendicular group compared with the axial group contributed to their significant survival rate advantage. The melanoma literature strongly supports the complete resection of soft tissue metastatic foci. These data support this concept and extend it to include isolated skeletal metastases. The mechanisms by which axial and appendicular skeletal metastases occur are significantly different. This difference manifests itself as a survival advantage for the appendicular group and warrants an aggressive surgical approach for these individuals.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Survival Analysis', 'Uveal Neoplasms']
| 8,625,592
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['C04.588.364.978', 'C11.319.494', 'C11.941.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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Tobacco mosaic virus as an AFM tip calibrator.
|
The study of high-resolution topographic surfaces of isolated single molecules is one of the applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Since tip-induced distortions are significant in topographic images the exact AFM tip shape must be known in order to correct dilated AFM height images using mathematical morphology operators. In this work, we present a protocol to estimate the AFM tip apex radius using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles. Among the many advantages of TMV, are its non-abrasivity, thermal stability, bio-compatibility with other isolated single molecules and stability when deposited on divalent ion pretreated mica. Compared to previous calibration systems, the advantage of using TMV resides in our detailed knowledge of the atomic structure of the entire rod-shaped particle. This property makes it possible to interpret AFM height images in term of the three-dimensional structure of TMV. Results obtained in this study show that when a low imaging force is used, the tip is sensing viral protein loops whereas at higher imaging force the tip is sensing the TMV particle core. The known size of the TMV particle allowed us to develop a tip-size estimation protocol which permits the successful erosion of tip-convoluted AFM height images. Our data shows that the TMV particle is a well-adapted calibrator for AFM tips for imaging single isolated biomolecules. The procedure developed in this study is easily applicable to any other spherical viral particles.
|
['Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Tobacco Mosaic Virus']
| 21,504,029
|
[['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['B04.715.464.725.800', 'B04.820.578.844.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Establishment of a lentivirus-mediated rapid eukaryotic expression system of novel avian influenza H7N9 virus hemagglutinin gene].
|
OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid eukaryotic expression system of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of novel avian influenza H7N9 using lentiviral vector, express the recombinant protein and study its functions in human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells.METHODS: The full-length HA gene was amplified from H7N9 genomic RNA by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and linked with pMD18-T vector to generate pMD18-T-HA plasmid. Blunt-end HA gene with Kozak sequence was amplified from pMD18-T-HA vector, and then pLenti-HA-V5 expression vector was constructed by Topo cloning for transient expression in HEK293T cells. Expression of HA-V5 recombinant protein was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Hemagglutination test was performed to evaluate the biological activity of the recombinant protein.RESULTS: The full-length HA gene (1 683 bp) was obtained and eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed successfully. A recombinant protein with relative molecular mass (Mr) 70 000 was expressed and the antigenicity and binding specificity to positive serum were demonstrated by IFA and Western blotting. The hemagglutination activity was proved by hemagglutination test. IFA and Western blotting showed that the Mr 70 000 recombinant protein had an immuoreactivity to positive serum. The hemagglutination activity was confirmed by hemagglutination test.CONCLUSION: The rapid eukaryotic expression system of HA gene was successfully constructed, which laid a solid foundation for further research on subunit vaccine development, neutralizing epitope mapping and packaging pseudovirus.
|
['Animals', 'Birds', 'Blotting, Western', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'Gene Expression', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype', 'Influenza in Birds', 'Influenza, Human', 'Lentivirus', 'Molecular Weight', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 24,909,287
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240.310', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240.310', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240.310', 'E05.478.583.375.310'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['D12.776.964.970.880.345.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.800'], ['C01.925.782.620.300', 'C22.131.450'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['B04.820.650.589'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular basis of UV-sensitive mutant strain MBH3 of Haemophilus influenzae Rd: identification of mutation in the uvrA gene.
|
We have previously reported on cloning a DNA repair gene designated as uvr3 by virtue of its ability to phenotypically complement the UV sensitivity of mutant strain MBH3. Subsequently, we identified the uvr3 gene to be the uvrA gene (gene identification number HI0249) of Haemophilus influenzae Rd. The uvrA gene is a component of the UvrABC excision repair pathway. We studied molecular basis of the UV sensitivity of the MBH3 strain and identified a G-->A transition at nucleotide position 2700 of the uvrA gene, altering the Trp-900 codon (TGG) to a nonsense codon (TGA). Thus, the UvrA protein produced in the mutant strain MBH3 is likely to be truncated and unable to carry out the UV-induced DNA repair, thereby rendering the strain UV sensitive.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphatases', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Mutation', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 11,215,703
|
[['D08.811.277.040.025'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
What features improve the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism (PSP-P)?
|
Progressive supranuclear palsy-parkinsonism (PSP-P) is a primary tauopathy characterised by neurofibrillary degeneration, which is frequently mistaken for Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and vascular parkinsonism (VP) at presentation. The aim of this study was to identify particular clinical features (green flags) that may be helpful in differentiating PSP-P from these other disorders. We identified 37 patients with PSP-P from 726 patients archived at the Queen Square Brain Bank. Using a retrospective case notes review the clinical features were compared between the PSP-P group and Lewy body associated parkinsonism (PD, n = 444 and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), n = 46), MSA (n = 90), and VP (n = 19), using the chi(2)-test for proportions for a two-by-two contingency table. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for individual clinical features. A specificity of >0.85 or a PPV of >0.85 were considered reliable discriminators. No clinical features were predictive of PSP-P, but late drug induced dyskinesias (specificity 0.92, PPV 0.99), late autonomic dysfunction (specificity 0.94, PPV 0.99) and any visual hallucinations (specificity 0.94, PPV 0.99) were better in distinguishing PD and PSP-P than predicted using operational diagnostic criteria for PD. PSP-P shares many clinical features with PD and DLB, MSA and VP, but visual hallucinations, drug induced dyskinesias and autonomic dysfunction are very uncommon and may be helpful exclusion criteria.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinsonian Disorders', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive']
| 20,108,379
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.228.140.079.862', 'C10.228.662.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.228.140.079.882', 'C10.228.662.700', 'C10.292.562.750.500', 'C10.574.945.500', 'C10.597.622.447.690', 'C11.590.472.500', 'C23.888.592.636.447.690']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Expressions of Axl and Tyro-3 receptors are under regulation of nerve growth factor and are involved in differentiation of PC12 cells.
|
OBJECTIVE: Tyro-3 and Axl receptors are expressed in brain in a region-specific manner and their bioactivities in the central nervous system remain still elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate their functions in neuronal differentiation.METHODS: PC12 cells overexpressing Tyro-3 or Axl were established by transfection with full-length CMV-Tyro-3-eCFP or CMV-Axl-eGFP plasmid, respectively. CMV-eGFP plasmid served as a control vector. After that, the fluorescence intensity and distributions of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) in the cells with or without nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment were real-time monitored.RESULTS: Expressions of Tyro-3 and Axl receptors were under the regulation of NGF and associated with neuronal differentiation. This was not observed in CMV-eGFP-transfected PC12 cells. Besides, confocal microscopy revealed that NGF affected intracellular localization of full-length Axl-eGFP and Tyro-3-eCFP in PC12 cells. Moreover, the development of outgrowth of differentiated PC12 cells under stimulation of NGF was promoted by overexpression of Tyro-3 or Axl.CONCLUSION: Expressions of Tyro-3 and Axl receptors are under the regulation of NGF and are involved in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.
|
['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Neurons', 'PC12 Cells', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Rats', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Transfection']
| 21,270,900
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.152'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.308'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A11.251.210.190.750', 'A11.251.860.180.750', 'A11.299.500'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The chronic hepatotoxicity assessment of the herbal formula Zishen Yutai pill.
|
Zishen Yutai pill (ZYP) is an oriental herbal formula, while hepatotoxicity assessment of ZYP was rarely evaluated. Therefore, our aim is to re-evaluate its hepatotoxicity in both normal and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced chronic liver injury rats. In the normal model, two doses of ZYP (1.575 and 9.450 g kg-1 d-1; i.e. 1 ? , 6 ? clinical doses) were given orally to rats for 24 weeks. In the chronic liver injury model, 10% CCl4 was administered to rats abdominally twice a week at a dose of 5 mL kg-1 for 12 consecutive weeks. Administration time started from 4 weeks after the beginning of CCl4 treatment. Toxicological parameters included mortality, body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, biochemical parameters, gross observation, organ weight, necropsy findings and histopathology were monitored. In the normal model, we found no any mortality or abnormality in clinical signs, relative liver weight, biochemical parameters and histopathology in ZYP treatment groups. In the chronic liver injury model, liver damage related parameter such as ALT was elevated at the high dose of ZYP treatment in contrast to the CCl4-treated group (P < 0.01). In histopathological assessment, there were no significant difference between ZYP treatment groups and CCl4-treated group. No observed adverse effect on livers were established for 9.450 g kg-1 d-1 ZYP in the normal rats and 9.450 g kg-1 d-1 ZYP in the injury rats.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Weight', 'Carbon Tetrachloride', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Liver', 'Necrosis', 'Organ Size', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Risk Assessment', 'Time Factors', 'Toxicity Tests, Chronic']
| 27,916,537
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D08.811.913.477.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D02.455.526.439.150'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A03.620'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E05.940.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Efficiency of silencing RNA for removal of transthyretin V30M in a TTR leptomeningeal animal model.
|
Some TTR mutants target the central nervous system (CNS). Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) with leptomeningeal involvement has been described in 9% of transthyretin (TTR) mutations and in valine for methionine at position 30 (V30M) patients. These individuals present dementia, ataxia, brain hemorrhages and focal neurological episodes (FNEs). FNEs occurred also in V30M FAP patients with longer disease duration, who have undergone liver transplant to remove the source of plasma mutant TTR as a form of treatment. It is thus to expect that as better treatments for FAP emerge and prolong survival, meningeal-vascular CNS deposition will increase and need special therapies. Recently, we detected TTR meningeal-vascular deposition in a V30M TTR transgenic mouse model, opening new avenues of research to investigate selective treatments of this condition. Since pre-clinical studies with TTR siRNA therapeutics were shown to promote clearance of TTR non-fibrillar deposits in several organs and tissues, we investigated its effect on TTR meningeal-vascular deposition. We show that systemically administered TTR siRNA promoted TTR clearance in the extracellular matrix of meninges and brain blood vessels. Surprisingly, despite the striking decline of blood TTR, cerebrospinal fluid TTR levels were unaffected. Though this is reassuring because siRNA will not interfere with the neuroprotective role of TTR in the CNS, it raises new questions on therapeutical approaches for CNS ATTR.
|
['Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Humans', 'Meninges', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mutation', 'Prealbumin', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering']
| 27,884,058
|
[['C10.574.500.050', 'C10.668.829.050.050', 'C16.320.400.050', 'C16.320.565.176.050', 'C18.452.648.176.050', 'C18.452.845.500.050.050', 'C18.452.845.500.075.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.566'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D12.776.034.841.450', 'D12.776.124.727.750'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin-18 is a novel mitogen of osteogenic and chondrogenic cells.
|
IL-18 was identified due to its ability to induce interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) production by T cells. It is a pleiotropic factor that shares structural features with IL-1 and functional activities with IL-12. IL-18 has a role in T cell development, where it has been demonstrated to act cooperatively with IL-12 to regulate IFNgamma. In bone, IL-18 is mainly produced by macrophages, but is also expressed by osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclast formation through granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and not IFNgamma production by T cells. We have investigated the effects of IL-18 on mature osteoclast activity and for potential actions on osteoblasts or chondrocytes. The effects of IL-18 on mature osteoclast activity were determined using two assays: isolated mature osteoclast cell culture and neonatal murine calvarial organ culture. IL-18 did not affect bone resorption in either assay system. The actions of IL-18 on osteogenic cells (primary cell cultures of fetal rat and neonatal mouse osteoblasts, as well as neonatal mouse calvarial organ culture) and primary chondrocytes (canine) were assessed by proliferation assays (quantification of cell numbers and thymidine incorporation). In each assay system, IL-18 acted as a mitogen to the osteogenic and chondrogenic cells. Since IL-18 signal transduction may involve IFNgamma or GM-CSF, we assessed their involvement in the IL-18 response. IL-18 did not induce IFNgamma production by primary osteoblasts, but, of greater significance, IFNgamma had the opposing action to IL-18 in that it inhibited the primary osteoblast cell proliferation. Although IL-18 rapidly induced GM-CSF production by primary osteoblasts, IL-18 was still mitogenic in osteoblast preparations established from GM-CSF-deficient mice. Combined, these studies indicate that IL-18 may have an autocrine/paracrine mitogen role for both osteogenic and chondrogenic cells, independent of the production of IFNgamma or GM-CSF.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondrocytes', 'Gene Expression', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-18', 'Mice', 'Mitogens', 'Organ Culture Techniques', 'Osteoclasts', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 12,639,900
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.171'], ['G05.297'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.518', 'D12.776.467.374.465.518', 'D23.529.374.465.518'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D27.505.519.593.624'], ['E05.481.500.484'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-wavelength absorbing and fluorescent chameleon labels for proteins, peptides, and amines.
|
Long-wavelength absorbing labels that change their color and fluorescence upon conjugation to proteins and other biomolecules provide two critical advantages over the wealth of conventional amine-reactive labels. At first, the progress of the labeling reaction can be monitored continuously either visually or by spectrometry without prior purification. Then, the labeled biomolecule can be investigated with red or near-infrared light, which minimizes background interference in biological samples. These unique characteristics are met by a group of long-wavelength absorbing cyanine dyes carrying a reactive chloro substituent for nucleophilic substitution with primary amines, which is accompanied by a color change from green to blue. In addition to this so-called chameleon effect, the dyes display an increase in fluorescence during the labeling reaction. Despite their structural similarity, the reactivity of the dyes differs strongly. The fastest labeling kinetics is observed with dye S 0378 as its five-membered ring affords a stabilizing effect on the intermediate carbocation during an S(N)1-type of nucleophilic substitution. The reaction mechanism of the amine-reactive cyanine dyes provides a blueprint for the design of future long-wavelength absorbing chameleon dyes.
|
['Amines', 'Animals', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Peptides', 'Proteins', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 21,671,666
|
[['D02.092'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Immunodetection of gastrin-releasing peptide in malignant melanoma cells.
|
Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the mammalian counterpart of bombesin, was first identified in the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. Little is known about its distribution in the human skin or about its function in certain diseases such as malignant melanoma. Recently functional GRP receptors have been found on human melanoma cell lines. We therefore investigated, using immunohistochemistry, whether human melanoma cells express GRP and whether there is a significant change in its distribution among the different clinical types of melanoma and a connection to histopathological features such as growth phase, type of malignant cells, Breslow thickness and Clark level of invasion. We demonstrated the existence of GRP in all clinicopathological types of melanoma; a predilection for quantitatively increased GRP immunostaining was noticed in nodular melanomas (P = 0.007). As well as this, we observed a restriction of GRP expression at a specific level of invasion, i.e. within the reticular dermis (Clark IV) (P = 0.032). GRP immunoreactivity was found to be associated with an increased amount of melanin pigment in malignant cells (P = 0.054). The presence of GRP in malignant melanocytes, along with its association with the various histopathological features, suggests that GRP may play a role in the pathophysiology of this type of cutaneous tumour.
|
['Gastrin-Releasing Peptide', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Melanocytes', 'Melanoma', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Skin', 'Skin Neoplasms']
| 10,985,675
|
[['D06.472.317.410', 'D12.644.400.315', 'D12.776.631.650.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['A17.815'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First experience of carbon-ion radiotherapy for early breast cancer.
|
Breast cancer is increasingly being detected at earlier stages, and partial breast irradiation for patients with low-risk-group tumor has come to be applied in the US and Europe as an alternative to whole-breast irradiation. Based on those experiences, some institutes have tried using particle beams for partial breast irradiation for postoperative or radical intent for early breast cancer, but technical difficulties have hindered its progress. The National Institute of Radiological Sciences has been preparing for carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) with radical intent for stage I breast cancer since 2011, and we carried out the first treatment in April 2013. In this case report, we explain our first experience of C-ion RT as a treatment procedure for breast tumor and present the radiation techniques and preliminary treatment results as a reference for other institutes trying to perform the same kind of treatment.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Carbon', 'Contrast Media', 'Dose Fractionation, Radiation', 'Female', 'Heavy Ion Radiotherapy', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 24,615,166
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E02.815.639.200'], ['E02.815.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Metacognitive control and strategy selection: deciding to practice retrieval during learning.
|
Retrieval practice is a potent technique for enhancing learning, but how often do students practice retrieval when they regulate their own learning? In 4 experiments the subjects learned foreign-language items across multiple study and test periods. When items were assigned to be repeatedly tested, repeatedly studied, or removed after they were recalled, repeated retrieval produced powerful effects on learning and retention. However, when subjects were given control over their own learning and could choose to test, study, or remove items, many subjects chose to remove items rather than practice retrieval, leading to poor retention. In addition, when tests were inserted in the learning phase, attempting retrieval improved learning by enhancing subsequent encoding during study. But when students were given control over their learning they did not attempt retrieval as early or as often as they should to promote the best learning. The experiments identify a compelling metacognitive illusion that occurs during self-regulated learning: Once students can recall an item they tend to believe they have "learned" it. This leads students to terminate practice rather than practice retrieval, a strategy choice that ultimately results in poor retention.
|
['Cognition', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Learning', 'Mental Recall', 'Practice, Psychological', 'Reading', 'Retention, Psychology', 'Students']
| 19,883,131
|
[['F02.463.188'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.209.399', 'L01.559'], ['F02.463.425', 'F02.784.629.529'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['F02.463.425.674'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['F02.463.425.540.772'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Appendicectomy: an assessment of the advisability of stump invagination.
|
Seven hundred and thirty-two cases of appendicectomy performed over a period of 5 years are reviewed to compare the incidence of complications and the length of the postoperative stay in hospital, depending on whether the appendix stump was simply ligated or was invaginated by purse string suture following ligation. No detrimental effects are noted following simple ligation, whereas patients who had stump invagination remained in hospital on average more than a day longer, mainly owing to a higher incidence of wound infection (16 per cent as against 6 per cent).
|
['Adult', 'Appendectomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay']
| 922,311
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.210.078'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Suppression of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation from latency by (+-)-9-([(Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methyl) guanine (L-653,180) in vitro.
|
Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection was induced in human embryonic lung cells in vitro by using a combination of viral replication inhibitors and elevated temperature. Under reactivating conditions (superinfection by human cytomegalovirus or temperature manipulation), a nonantiviral thymidine kinase inhibitor (L-653,180) was found to suppress or delay reactivation of HSV-1 from latently infected human embryonic lung cells. L-653,180 alone or in combination with interferon was ineffective as a primary or acute viral replication inhibitor and was unable to induce latent HSV-1 infection in cell culture. These data suggest that initial or acute virus replication and replication resulting from reactivation from latency are separate events.
|
['Antiviral Agents', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Guanine', 'Humans', 'Pregnancy', 'Simplexvirus', 'Superinfection', 'Virus Activation', 'Virus Replication']
| 2,171,423
|
[['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.758.399.454'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B04.280.382.100.750'], ['C01.597.880', 'C01.610.684.880', 'C01.925.597.880'], ['G06.920.925.940'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Methods to improve the detection of mild cognitive impairment.
|
We examined whether the performance of the National Institute of Aging's Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease's 10-word list (CWL), part of the consortium's neuropsychological battery, can be improved for detecting Alzheimer's disease and related disorders early. We focused on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia because these stages often go undetected, and their detection is important for treatment. Using standardized diagnostic criteria combined with history, physical examination, and cognitive, laboratory, and neuroimaging studies, we staged 471 community-dwelling subjects for dementia severity by using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. We then used correspondence analysis (CA) to derive a weighted score for each subject from their item responses over the three immediate- and one delayed-recall trials of the CWL. These CA-weighted scores were used with logistic regression to predict each subject's probability of impairment, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to measure accuracy. For MCI vs. normal, accuracy was 97% [confidence interval (C.I.) 97-98%], sensitivity was 94% (C.I. 93-95%), and specificity was 89% (C.I. 88-91%). For MCI/mild dementia vs. normal, accuracy was 98% (C.I. 98-99%), sensitivity was 96% (C.I. 95-97%), and specificity was 91% (C.I. 89-93%). MCI sensitivity was 12% higher (without lowering specificity) than that obtained with the delayed-recall total score (the standard method for CWL interpretation). Optimal positive and negative predictive values were 100% and at least 96.6%. These results show that CA-weighted scores can significantly improve early detection of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.
|
['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Mental Recall', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'United States']
| 15,781,874
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Transcriptome map of mouse isochores in embryonic and neonatal cortex.
|
Several studies on adult tissues agree on the presence of a positive effect of the genomic and genic base composition on mammalian gene expression. Recent literature supports the idea that during developmental processes GC-poor genomic regions are preferentially implicated. We investigate the relationship between the compositional properties of the isochores and of the genes with their respective expression activity during developmental processes. Using RNA-seq data from two distinct developmental stages of the mouse cortex, embryonic day 18 (E18) and postnatal day 7 (P7), we established for the first time a developmental-related transcriptome map of the mouse isochores. Additionally, for each stage we estimated the correlation between isochores' GC level and their expression activity, and the genes' expression patterns for each isochore family. Our analyses add evidence supporting the idea that during development GC-poor isochores are preferentially implicated, and confirm the positive effect of genes' GC level on their expression activity.
|
['Animals', 'Base Composition', 'Brain', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Library', 'Isochores', 'Mice', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Transcriptome']
| 23,195,409
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A16.254'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.360.325'], ['D13.444.308.580', 'G05.360.340.024.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Structural characterization of the N-terminal mineral modification domains from the molluscan crystal-modulating biomineralization proteins, AP7 and AP24.
|
The AP7 and AP24 proteins represent a class of mineral-interaction polypeptides that are found in the aragonite-containing nacre layer of mollusk shell (H. rufescens). These proteins have been shown to preferentially interfere with calcium carbonate mineral growth in vitro. It is believed that both proteins play an important role in aragonite polymorph selection in the mollusk shell. Previously, we demonstrated the 1-30 amino acid (AA) N-terminal sequences of AP7 and AP24 represent mineral interaction/modification domains in both proteins, as evidenced by their ability to frustrate calcium carbonate crystal growth at step edge regions. In this present report, using free N-terminal, C(alpha)-amide "capped" synthetic polypeptides representing the 1-30 AA regions of AP7 (AP7-1 polypeptide) and AP24 (AP24-1 polypeptide) and NMR spectroscopy, we confirm that both N-terminal sequences possess putative Ca (II) interaction polyanionic sequence regions (2 x -DD- in AP7-1, -DDDED- in AP24-1) that are random coil-like in structure. However, with regard to the remaining sequences regions, each polypeptide features unique structural differences. AP7-1 possesses an extended beta-strand or polyproline type II-like structure within the A11-M10, S12-V13, and S28-I27 sequence regions, with the remaining sequence regions adopting a random-coil-like structure, a trait common to other polyelectrolyte mineral-associated polypeptide sequences. Conversely, AP24-1 possesses random coil-like structure within A1-S9 and Q14-N16 sequence regions, and evidence for turn-like, bend, or loop conformation within the G10-N13, Q17-N24, and M29-F30 sequence regions, similar to the structures identified within the putative elastomeric proteins Lustrin A and sea urchin spicule matrix proteins. The similarities and differences in AP7 and AP24 N-terminal domain structure are discussed with regard to joint AP7-AP24 protein modification of calcium carbonate growth.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mollusca', 'Peptides', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Proteins']
| 15,222,016
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.345.155.500', 'G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.175', 'G11.427.578.050.500.175'], ['D01.146.275', 'D01.200.275.150.150', 'D01.578.200'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.500.644'], ['D12.644'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Who lies?
|
Seventy-seven undergraduates and 70 demographically diverse members of the community completed 12 individual differences measures hypothesized to predict lie-telling in everyday life and then kept a diary every day for a week of all of their social interactions and all of the lies that they told during those interactions. Consistent with predictions, the people who told more lies were more manipulative, more concerned with self-presentation, and more sociable. People who told fewer lies were more highly socialized and reported higher quality same-sex relationships. Manipulative people, less highly socialized people, and people with less gratifying same-sex relationships also told especially more self-serving lies, whereas people with higher quality same-sex relationships told relatively more other oriented lies.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Deception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Machiavellianism', 'Male', 'Personality', 'Personality Assessment', 'Socialization']
| 8,656,334
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['F01.145.813.157'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.752.650'], ['F01.752'], ['F04.513'], ['I01.880.853.934']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory methods for diagnosing streptococcal sore throat].
|
OBJECTIVES: Diagnosis and correct treatment of group A streptococcal sore throat is important particularly to prevent non-suppurative sequelae. Clinical findings continue to be used to differentiate streptococcal infection from viral sore throat. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that streptococcal sore throat diagnosis should always be performed by microbiological identification methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in comparison with culture and rapid test.METHODS: Children aged 2 to 13 years who had received a clinical diagnosis of sore throat and sought treatment at the pediatric emergency unit of S?o Paulo Santa Casa were evaluated and those with clinical signs or viral infection were excluded. Clinical findings were recorded and swabs were taken for group A Streptococcus cultures and a Streptococcus rapid test.RESULTS: The culture was positive in 96 (24.4%) of the 376 children evaluated. The presence of petechiae, purulent exudate and painful tonsils were more likely to occur in children with positive streptococcus cultures, however they exhibited low diagnostic accuracy. The doctors' subjective evaluation failed to identify 21% of positive cases and antibiotics were prescribed in 47% of negative cases, compared with 3 and 6%, respectively, for the rapid test.CONCLUSIONS: A microbiologic method is necessary for the correct prescription of antibiotics in children with streptococcal sore throat.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Male', 'Pharyngitis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reagent Kits, Diagnostic', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus pyogenes', 'Tonsillitis']
| 15,742,082
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['C01.748.561', 'C07.550.781', 'C08.730.561', 'C09.775.649'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['D27.505.259.875', 'D27.720.470.410.680', 'E07.720'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.575', 'B03.510.400.800.872.575', 'B03.510.550.737.872.575'], ['C01.748.561.750', 'C07.550.781.750', 'C08.730.561.750', 'C09.775.649.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Association of occlusal interference-induced masseter muscle hyperalgesia and P2X3 receptors in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and midbrain periaqueductal gray.
|
P2X3 receptor plays a role in nociception transmission of orofacial pain in temporomandibular disorder patients. A previous study found that P2X3 receptors in masseter muscle afferent neurons and the trigeminal ganglia were involved in masseter muscle pain induced by inflammation caused by chemical agents or eccentric muscle contraction. In this study, we attempted to investigate changes in P2X3 receptors in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) in relation to the hyperalgesia of masseter muscles induced by occlusal interference. Experimental occlusal interference by crown application was established in 30 rats and another 30 rats were treated as sham controls. On days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after crown application, the mechanical pain threshold was examined by von-Frey filaments. The expression of the P2X3 receptor in Vc and PAG was investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR. We found that mechanical pain threshold of bilateral masseter muscles decreased significantly after occlusal interference, which remained for the entire experimental period. The mRNA expression of the P2X3 receptor increased significantly and the number of P2X3R-positive neurons increased markedly in Vc and PAG accordingly. These results indicate that the upregulated expression of P2X3 receptors in Vc and PAG may contribute toward the development of orofacial pain induced by occlusal interference and P2X3 receptors in the PAG may play a key role in the supraspinal antiociception effect.
|
['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Facial Pain', 'Hyperalgesia', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Masseter Muscle', 'Pain Threshold', 'Periaqueductal Gray', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2X3', 'Tooth', 'Touch', 'Trigeminal Nuclei']
| 26,836,462
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['C23.888.592.612.330'], ['C10.597.751.791.400', 'C23.888.592.763.770.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A02.633.567.600.500', 'A14.530.630'], ['F02.463.593.710.560', 'F02.830.816.444.700', 'G11.561.790.444.700'], ['A08.186.211.132.659.413.875.595'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.750.300', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.600.300', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.600.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.700.720.250.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500.300'], ['A14.549.167.860'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['A08.186.211.132.931']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Synthesis, receptor binding and biodistribution of the gem-21-chloro-21-iodovinylestradiol derivatives.
|
Radioiodinated 11 beta-methoxy-(17 alpha,20E)iodovinylestradiol (11 beta-OMe-IVE2) shows high estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated uterus uptake and good potential as an ER-imaging agent. In order to examine the tolerance of the ER for modification about the iodovinyl substituent, we prepared the (17 alpha,20Z-chloro)21-chloro-21-iodovinylestradiol (4a) and several derivatives featuring 11 beta-methoxy (4b), 11 beta-ethoxy (4c) or 7 alpha-methyl (4d) substituents. All gem-dihalogen derivatives 4a-d were prepared from the 17 alpha-chloroethynyl precursors. The intermediate chlorostannylvinyl derivatives were obtained using tri-n-butyltin hydride and palladium acetate catalyst. Compounds 4a and 4b were labeled with 125I via their corresponding tin intermediates and their tissue distribution was studied in immature female rats. Addition of a 21-Cl to the 17 alpha-ethynylestradiols reduced ER binding affinity, except for the 11 beta-substituted analogs which showed a pronounced increase. Surprisingly, addition of a 21-Cl to the (17 alpha,20E)IVE2 resulted in increased ER binding affinities and augmented ER-mediated uterus uptake, which may result from the pronounced increase in the dipole moment of the molecule. Thus, further modifications at the C-21 position of IVE2 are well tolerated by the ER. However, addition of the 21-Cl also resulted in increased radioiodine uptake by the thyroid, much slower blood clearance and lower uterus to blood/nontarget ratios, suggesting increased in vivo instability of the C--I bond of the gem-chlorine-iodine atoms which may reflect the increase in steric and electronic interference.
|
['Animals', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Rats', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Uterus']
| 8,240,984
|
[['B01.050'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.826.750.350', 'D12.776.930.778.350'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
When and how to operate the posterior malleolus fragment in trimalleolar fractures: a systematic literature review.
|
OBJECTIVES: Whether or not and how to fixate the posterior malleolus fracture seems to depend on the fracture fragment size and its amount of dislocation, but clear guidelines for daily practice are lacking. In this review, we summarize the literature on preferred treatment of the posterior fragment in trimalleolar fractures.METHODS: A systematic review of publications between January 1995 and April 30 2017 on this topic in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed according to the PRISMA statement.RESULTS: Seventeen (2 prospective and 15 retrospective) of the 180 identified studies were included. Six studies report on indications for fixation of posterior malleolus fracture fragments. Eleven studies compare different fixation approaches and techniques for the posterior fragment. Meta-analysis was not possible due to varying fixation criteria and outcomes. There was no clear association between posterior fragment size and functional outcome or development of osteoarthritis. The non-anatomical reduction of the fragment was of more influence on outcome. Radiological and functional outcome was better after open reduction and internal fixation via the posterolateral approach than after percutaneous anterior-to-posterior screw fixation.CONCLUSION: The posterior fragment size is not a clear indication for its fixation. A step-off, however, seems an important indicator for developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis and worse functional outcome. Posterior fragments involving the intra-articular surface need to be reduced and fixated to prevent postoperative persisting step-off. Furthermore, fixation of the posterior malleolus via an open posterolateral approach seems superior to percutaneous anterior-to-posterior fixation. However, these results need to be confirmed in a prospective comparative trial.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level II.
|
['Ankle Fractures', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Tibia', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,752,537
|
[['C26.404.014'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.043.650.883'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics of biopsy-proven demyelinating brain lesions.
|
OBJECTIVES: To describe lesional diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven CNS inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) and compare diffusion characteristics of ring-enhancing CNS IDD lesions vs abscesses and tumors.METHODS: Forty prebiopsy apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were reviewed from 30 patients with CNS IDD. Lesions were analyzed for size, T2-weighted (T2W) hypointense rim, enhancement, and ADC pattern. ADC patterns of CNS IDD ring-enhancing lesions were compared with a published cohort of 35 patients with ring-enhancing tumors and abscesses.RESULTS: IDD lesions displayed a spectrum of peripheral ADC patterns at the lesion edge: restricted diffusion (low ADC), 33%; increased diffusion (high ADC), 60%; and normal diffusion (homogeneously isointense), 7%. Of biopsied lesions, 93% enhanced (ring, 52%; heterogeneous, 34%; homogeneous, 7%). A hypointense T2W rim was observed in 53%. A ring pattern on ADC (isointense or dark) was associated with T2W hypointense rims (p = 0.02) but not with ring enhancement. On serial imaging, 4 of 7 (57%) patients demonstrated changes in ADC patterns. Peripheral restriction was more common in IDD (p = 0.006) than in tumors or abscesses, whereas central restriction was only observed in abscesses. Restricted lesions in the same stage were more common in the non-IDD cohort (42% vs 20%), with a uniform restricted pattern seen only in abscesses.CONCLUSIONS: In ring-enhancing lesions, peripheral diffusion restriction is more common in IDD than in tumors/abscesses, whereas central restriction is more common among abscesses. Rapid ADC pattern changes in IDD probably reflect dynamic lesion evolution and may distinguish IDD from tumors.
|
['Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Demyelinating Diseases', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Young Adult']
| 22,573,639
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C10.314'], ['E01.370.350.825.500.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
An in vitro physiological study of normal and unstable human detrusor muscle.
|
A systematic in vitro physiological study of isolated human detrusor muscle strips is reported. Detrusor strips were obtained at operation. Pre-operative urodynamic studies enabled specimens to be classified as normal or unstable. Comparisons were made between responses of normal and unstable detrusor strips. The results provide evidence of a previously undescribed feedback-loop operating via pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors which controls detrusor contractility. Further evidence is provided suggesting that an imbalance in this system is present in unstable detrusor muscle.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Clonidine', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Isoproterenol', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Phentolamine', 'Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha', 'Urinary Bladder']
| 6,295,541
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D03.383.129.308.436.500'], ['E05.723.402'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.033.100.291.439', 'D02.092.063.291.439', 'D02.092.311.649', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.649'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D03.383.129.308.754'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.300.300', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.300.300'], ['A05.810.890']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The structure of an alternative wall teichoic acid produced by a Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 mutant contains a 1,5-linked poly(ribitol phosphate) backbone with 2-á-D-glucosyl substitutions.
|
A tagF1-tagF2 deletion mutant of Lactobacillus plantarum lacks poly(glycerol phosphate) polymerase activity required for glycerol-type wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis. The mutant activates an alternative genetic locus, tarIJKL, encoding the enzymes for nucleotide activation and incorporation of ribitol in the WTA backbone polymer. This alternative ribitol-type WTA backbone and its repeating unit were isolated and characterized by HPAEC, UPLC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF MS, using synthetic molecules as references. The structure was established as 1,5-linked poly(ribitol phosphate) which was substituted at the C-2 hydroxyl group of the ribitol residue with á-D-glucosyl at a frequency of 28%.
|
['Cell Wall', 'Glucose', 'Lactobacillus plantarum', 'Mutation', 'Polysaccharides', 'Teichoic Acids']
| 23,454,138
|
[['A11.284.183'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['B03.353.750.450.475.612', 'B03.510.460.400.410.475.475.612', 'B03.510.550.450.475.612'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D09.698'], ['D09.408.872', 'D09.698.718.825', 'D09.894.847', 'D23.050.161.616.797']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate act by different mechanisms when controlling Ca2+ in mouse lacrimal acinar cells.
|
In internally perfused single lacrimal acinar cells the competitive inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins 1,4,5-P3)-antagonist heparin inhibits the ACh-evoked K+ current response mediated by internal Ca2+ and also blocks both the Ins 1,4,5-P3-evoked transient as well as the sustained K+ current increase evoked by combined stimulation with internal Ins 1,4,5-P3 and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins 1,3,4,5-P4). When, during sustained stimulation with both Ins 1,4,5-P3 and Ins 1,3,4,5-P4, one of the inositol polyphosphates is removed, the K+ current declines; whereas removal of Ins 1,4,5-P3 results in an immediate termination of the response, removal of Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 only causes a very gradual and slow reduction in the current. Ins 1,3,4,5-P4 is therefore not an acute controller of Ca2+ release from stores into the cytosol, but modulates the release of Ca2+ induced by Ins 1,4,5,P3 by an unknown mechanism, perhaps by linking Ins 1,4,5 P3-sensitive and insensitive Ca2+ stores.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Heparin', 'Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate', 'Inositol Phosphates', 'Lacrimal Apparatus', 'Mice', 'Potassium Channels', 'Sugar Phosphates']
| 2,535,675
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D09.698.373.400'], ['D02.033.800.519.400.350', 'D09.853.519.400.350', 'D09.894.480.350'], ['D02.033.800.519.400', 'D09.853.519.400', 'D09.894.480'], ['A09.371.463', 'A10.336.422'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['D09.894']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Anthrenus dermatitis].
|
A 31-year-old male presented with widespread itchy papules, especially on the legs, which had appeared 4 weeks previously. He reported that his wife and both daughters had developed similar lesions during the last week. Numerous small beetle larvae had been detected in his apartment, which were identified as museum beetle Anthrenus museorum L. Prick test with a larva extract caused a positive prick-test reaction, followed by a papular delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. History, clinical and histological examination led to the diagnosis of papular Anthrenus-dermatitis. Eradication of the beetle larvae from the patient's apartment, followed by topical glucocorticoid therapy led to a permanent remission of the dermatitis in all household members.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Coleoptera', 'Dermatitis, Allergic Contact', 'Humans', 'Intradermal Tests', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Pruritus', 'Skin', 'Urticaria']
| 12,063,744
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['C17.800.174.255.100', 'C17.800.815.255.100', 'C20.543.418.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.300', 'E05.200.812.871.300', 'E05.478.594.890.300'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['C17.800.685', 'C23.888.885.625'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800.862.945', 'C20.543.480.904']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibition of lung tumor growth and augmentation of radiosensitivity by decreasing peroxiredoxin I expression.
|
PURPOSE: In this study, we examined the role of peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) in lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and its influence on these tumor cells' sensitivity to radiotherapy.METHODS AND MATERIALS: We established stable transfectants of A549 (p53+) and H1299 (p53-) lung carcinoma cell lines with Prx I antisense to downregulate their Prx I protein. We then examined their in vitro biologic changes and used nude mice xenografts of these cell lines to compare tumor invasion, spontaneous metastatic capacity, and sensitivity to radiotherapy.RESULTS: The Prx I antisense transfectants of both cell lines showed a significant reduction in Prx I protein production. Prx I antisense transfectants grew more slowly than did the wild type. As xenografts in mice, A549 Prx I antisense transfectants showed a threefold delay in the generation of palpable tumors. The incidence of spontaneous metastasis of Prx I antisense transfectants was significantly less than that of the wild-type cells. Furthermore, irradiation of Prx I antisense transfectants caused more than twice the growth delay compared with the wild type.CONCLUSION: The results of these studies suggest that inactivation of Prx I may be a promising approach to improve the treatment outcome of patients with lung cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Damage', 'Down-Regulation', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Peroxidases', 'Peroxiredoxins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Transfection', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 16,414,373
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G05.200'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D12.776.624'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['D08.811.682.732.850'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['G04.712', 'G07.738'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['E04.936.764'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phocine distemper virus in seals, east coast, United States, 2006.
|
In 2006 and 2007, elevated numbers of deaths among seals, constituting an unusual mortality event, occurred off the coasts of Maine and Massachusetts, United States. We isolated a virus from seal tissue and confirmed it as phocine distemper virus (PDV). We compared the viral hemagglutinin, phosphoprotein, and fusion (F) and matrix (M) protein gene sequences with those of viruses from the 1988 and 2002 PDV epizootics. The virus showed highest similarity with a PDV 1988 Netherlands virus, which raises the possibility that the 2006 isolate from the United States might have emerged independently from 2002 PDVs and that multiple lineages of PDV might be circulating among enzootically infected North American seals. Evidence from comparison of sequences derived from different tissues suggested that mutations in the F and M genes occur in brain tissue that are not present in lung, liver, or blood, which suggests virus persistence in the central nervous system.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Distemper', 'Distemper Virus, Phocine', 'Maine', 'Massachusetts', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Phoca', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'United States', 'Vero Cells', 'Viral Proteins']
| 21,291,591
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.500.285', 'C22.268.265'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.500.320'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.510'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.700.600'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['A11.251.210.955', 'A11.436.955'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Decreased diversity but increased substitution rate in host mtDNA as a consequence of Wolbachia endosymbiont infection.
|
A substantial fraction of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are infected with parasitic, maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate host reproduction. In addition to imposing direct selection on the host to resist these effects, endosymbionts may also have indirect effects on the evolution of the mtDNA with which they are cotransmitted. Patterns of mtDNA diversity and evolution were examined in Drosophila recens, which is infected with the endosymbiont Wolbachia, and its uninfected sister species D. subquinaria. The level of mitochondrial, but not nuclear, DNA diversity is much lower in D. recens than in D. subquinaria, consistent with the hypothesized diversity-purging effects of an evolutionarily recent Wolbachia sweep. The d(N)/d(S) ratio in mtDNA is significantly greater in D. recens, suggesting that Muller's ratchet has brought about an increased rate of substitution of slightly deleterious mutations. The data also reveal elevated rates of synonymous substitutions in D. recens, suggesting that these sites may experience weak selection. These findings show that maternally transmitted endosymbionts can severely depress levels of mtDNA diversity within an infected host species, while accelerating the rate of divergence among mtDNA lineages in different species.
|
['Animals', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Drosophila', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genetic Variation', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Wolbachia']
| 15,611,174
|
[['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.365'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B03.660.050.783.500.762']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Non-invasive monitoring of subclinical and clinical actinic keratosis of face and scalp under topical treatment with ingenol mebutate gel 150 mcg/g by means of reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography: New perspectives and comparison of diagnostic techniques.
|
Actinic keratosis (AK) corresponds to the earliest stage of in situ squamous cell carcinoma and arises on chronically sun-exposed skin. Around the clinically evident AKs, the apparently healthy epidermis may contain different grades of atypia that can be detected by noninvasive imaging techniques such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subclinical actinic keratosis (sAK) has captured increasing interest as a potential target of field therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the changes in the field cancerization undergoing treatment with topical ingenol mebutate by combining RCM and OCT. Twenty patients with field cancerization of the face and scalp were treated with ingenol mebutate gel (150 mcg/g) for three consecutive days on an area of 25 cm2 containing at least two AKs, two sAKs and two apparently healthy sites. About 120 lesions were evaluated through clinical investigation and clinical, dermoscopical, RCM and OCT images at day 0, 4, 14 and 56 based on the diagnostic criteria for AKs. Main pathological features improved in both AKs and sAKs, in particular the epidermal thickness measured by OCT and the epidermal atypia graded by RCM. Local skin reactions (LSR) arose predominantly in the lesional area compared with healthy skin. A complete clearance was detected in 58% for AKs, and in 55% and 72% for sAKs measured by RCM and OCT, respectively. Both OCT and RCM allow the morphological representation of field cancerization including subclinical lesions and provide complementary information. Ingenol mebutate is effective not only in clinically evident but also in sAKs. The differences in LSR highlight the potential selectivity of the treatment.
|
['Administration, Topical', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diterpenes', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Face', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratosis, Actinic', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Scalp', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']
| 30,653,833
|
[['E02.319.267.120'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D02.455.849.291'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['A01.456.505'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.834.450', 'C17.800.428.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['A01.456.810'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of the interaction between Oidium heveae and Arabidopsis thaliana.
|
Oidium heveae, an obligate biotrophic pathogen of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), causes significant yield losses of rubber worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between O. heveae and rubber trees remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated an O. heveae strain, named HN1106, from cultivated H. brasiliensis in Hainan, China. We found that O. heveae HN1106 triggers the hypersensitive response in a manner that depends on the effector-triggered immunity proteins EDS1 (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1) and PAD4 (Phytoalexin Deficient 4) and on salicylic acid (SA) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-independent resistance also appears to limit O. heveae infection of Arabidopsis, because the pathogen does not produce conidiospores on npr1 (nonexpressor of pr1), sid2 (SA induction deficient 2) and NahG plants, which show disruptions in SA signalling. Furthermore, we found that the callose synthase PMR4 (Powdery Mildew Resistant 4) prevents O. heveae HN1106 penetration into leaves in the early stages of infection. To elucidate the potential mechanism of resistance of Arabidopsis to O. heveae HN1106, we inoculated 47 different Arabidopsis accessions with the pathogen, and analysed the plant disease symptoms and O. heveae HN1106 hyphal growth and conidiospore formation on the leaves. We found that the accession Lag2-2 showed significant susceptibility to O. heveae HN1106. Overall, this study provides a basis for future research aimed at combatting powdery mildew caused by O. heveae in rubber trees.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Ascomycota', 'Cell Death', 'Disease Resistance', 'Ecotype', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Hyphae', 'Phenotype', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Salicylic Acid']
| 26,724,785
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['B01.300.107'], ['G04.146'], ['C23.550.291.671', 'G12.450.564.250', 'G12.450.800.250', 'G15.630.250'], ['G05.695.200', 'G16.500.275.157.049.230', 'N06.230.124.049.230'], ['G06.462', 'G16.527.200'], ['A19.687.400'], ['G05.695'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D02.241.223.100.300.595.608', 'D02.241.511.390.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.281.595.608', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.608']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Glycosaminoglycan production by bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured in sulfate-depleted medium.
|
Bovine aortic endothelial cells were cultured in medium containing [3H]glucosamine and concentrations of [35S]sulfate ranging from 0.01 to 0.31 mM. While the amount of [3H]hexosamine incorporated into chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate was constant, decreasing concentrations of sulfate resulted in lower [35S]sulfate incorporation. Sulfate concentrations greater than 0.11 mM were required for maximal [35S]sulfate incorporation. Chondroitin sulfate was particularly affected so that the sulfate to hexosamine ratio in [3H]chondroitin [35S]sulfate dropped considerably more than the sulfate to hexosamine ratio in [3H] heparan [35S]sulfate. Sulfate concentration had no effect on the ratio of chondroitin 4-sulfate to chondroitin 6-sulfate. The ratios of sulfate to hexosamine in cell-associated glycosaminoglycans were essentially identical with the ratios in media glycosaminoglycans at all sulfate concentrations. DEAE-cellulose chromatography confirmed that sulfation of chondroitin sulfate was particularly sensitive to low sulfate concentrations. While cells incubated in medium containing 0.31 mM sulfate produced chondroitin sulfate which eluted later than heparan sulfate, cells incubated in medium containing less than 0.04 mM sulfate produced chondroitin sulfate which eluted before heparan sulfate and near hyaluronic acid, indicating that many chains were essentially unsulfated. At intermediate concentrations of sulfate, chondroitin sulfate was found in very broad elution patterns suggesting that most did not fit an "all or nothing" mechanism. Heparan sulfate produced at low concentrations of sulfate eluted with narrower elution patterns than chondroitin sulfate, and there was no indication of any "all or nothing" sulfation.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Cattle', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chondroitin Sulfates', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Endothelium', 'Glucosamine', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Hexosamines', 'Sulfates']
| 3,087,988
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A11.251'], ['D09.698.373.200.300'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['A10.272.491'], ['D09.067.342.531'], ['D09.698.373'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['D09.067.342'], ['D01.248.497.158.845', 'D01.875.800.800.850']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modelling the spatio-temporal evolution of 3H in the waters of the River Tagus.
|
Measurements of tritium specific activity levels and of temperatures in waters of the Torrej?n-Tagus reservoir (Spain) showed that their radioactive characteristics were basically influenced by the radioactive liquid effluent from the Almaraz Nuclear Power Plant. This enters the Torrej?n-Tagus reservoir via the Arrocampo cooling reservoir, which exchanges water with the first. We studied the temporal and spatial (in two dimensions) evolution of the mentioned parameters for years 1997 and 1998. The tritium levels were found to be significantly correlated with temperature. Two numerical models were constructed for a quantitative study of the tritium levels along Torrej?n reservoir: a 1D model was used for the dispersion of tritium along the whole length of the reservoir, and a 2D depth-averaged model was used for a detailed study of the area where tritium is released into the reservoir. Both models solve the hydrodynamic equations, to obtain the currents induced by the exchanges of water between the reservoirs in the River Tagus and Arrocampo, and the advection/diffusion equation to calculate the dispersion of tritium. In general, the model results were in agreement with the experimental observations.
|
['Environmental Monitoring', 'Mathematics', 'Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted', 'Power Plants', 'Rivers', 'Spain', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Tritium', 'Water Pollutants, Radioactive']
| 16,360,243
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['H01.548'], ['L01.224.680.700'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.268.406.875', 'D01.362.340.875', 'D01.496.749.925'], ['D20.693.903', 'D27.888.284.903.821']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and apoptosis in experimental diabetes mellitus-related ovarian injury.
|
We aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and ovarian injury in rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 as nondiabetic healthy controls (n = 8), group 2 as nontreated diabetic rats (n = 8) and group 3 as melatonin-treated diabetic rats (n = 8). After overt diabetes was produced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozosin, 20 mg/kg/day of melatonin was given intraperitoneally to group 3 for a week. NF-kB and caspase-3 immunoexpressions, lipid peroxidation, the activities of antioxidative enzymes, total oxidant capacity and total antioxidant capacity were assessed. Immunoexpressions of NF-kB and caspase-3 were significantly lower in group 3 than group 2. There was a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in group 2 than group 1 and a significant increase in group 3 compared with group 2. We observed a nonsignificant decrease in catalase activity between group 1 and group 2 and a nonsignificant increase between group 2 and group 3. There was a nonsignificant increase in the plasma level of total oxidant status in group 2 than group 1, but a significant decrease was observed in group 3 compared to group 2. Total antioxidant status was significantly lower in group 2 compared with group 1 and group 3. In conclusion, melatonin ameliorates the negative effects of oxidative stress on DM-related ovarian injury.
|
['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Female', 'Melatonin', 'NF-kappa B', 'Ovary', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 26,743,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D03.633.100.473.914.481', 'D06.472.506'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Systematic evaluation of split-fluorescent proteins for the direct detection of native and methylated DNA.
|
In order to directly detect nucleic acid polymers, we have designed biosensors comprising sequence-specific DNA binding proteins tethered to split-reporter proteins, which generate signal upon binding a predetermined nucleic acid target, in an approach termed SEquence-Enabled Reassembly (SEER). Herein we demonstrate that spectroscopically distinct split-fluorescent protein variants, GFPuv, EGFP, Venus, and mCherry, function effectively in the SEER system, providing sensitive DNA detection and the ability to simultaneously detect two target oligonucleotides. Additionally, a methylation-specific SEER-Venus system was generated, which was found to clearly distinguish between methylated versus non-methylated target DNA. These results will aid in refinement of the SEER system for the detection of user defined nucleic acid sequences and their chemical modifications as they relate to human disease.
|
['DNA', 'DNA Methylation', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Zinc Fingers']
| 19,457,665
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['D12.776.260'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.532'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500.985']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Radiographic findings and hypotensive reactions in excretory urography.
|
The radiographic findings and the hypotension patterns were reviewed in 19 patients having hypotensive reactions in routine excretory urography using ionic contrast medium. The lowest systolic blood pressure was above 80 mmHg in 10 patients while below 80 mmHg in remaining 9 patients. The urogram was unremarkable as long as the systolic blood pressure was preserved above 80 mmHg. In 2 patients, whose systolic blood pressure decreased quickly beyond 80 mmHg immediately after injection of contrast medium, the pyelogram was faint or non-visualized. On the other hand, in 4 patients, whose systolic blood pressure decreased beyond 80 mmHg in several minutes after injection of contrast medium and remained under 80 mmHg for more than 20 minutes, the nephrogram was dense and the pyelogram was faint or non-visualized. Although systolic blood pressure decreased beyond 80 mmHg, the urogram was unremarkable in 3 patients. This was due to the delayed hypotension or the short duration of hypotension.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Contrast Media', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypotension', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urography']
| 2,602,098
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.514'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The consequences of a week of insomnia.
|
A yoked control study used sleep recordings from 10 insomniacs to produce similar sleep patterns in a group of matched normal sleepers for 7 nights to determine if specific electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep patterns were responsible for the secondary insomnia symptoms reported by the insomniacs. Specifically, it was found that insomniacs display increased tension/confusion, decreased vigor, personality disturbance, subjective over-estimation of poor sleep, increased body temperature, increased 24-hour whole body metabolic rate, and increased multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) values. Normal sleepers given the nocturnal EEG parameters of insomniacs displayed decreased tension, decreased vigor, decreased body temperature, and decreased MSLT values. The spectrum of changes seen in the normal sleepers given an insomniac sleep pattern was characteristic of mild partial sleep deprivation and not consistent with symptoms found in patients with primary insomnia. It was concluded that the secondary symptoms reported by patients with primary insomnia are probably not related to their poor sleep per se. Data from previous studies that varied physiological arousal were used to support the contention that the secondary symptoms of insomnia, including poor sleep, occur secondary to central nervous system hyperarousal.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polysomnography', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Sleep', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Time Factors']
| 8,865,501
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520.625'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Differential diagnosis of acute myocardial infarct in hypothyroidism].
|
The authors demonstrate the case of a female patient with hypothyroid myopathy where they recorded repeatedly a rise of enzymes used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, whereby myocardial infarction was not revealed. The authors followed up the disease for two years. They evaluated the relationship between the state of substitution and the activity of the mentioned enzymes and myoglobin.
|
['Aged', 'Clinical Enzyme Tests', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 2,633,457
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.124.200', 'E05.196.427.200', 'E05.200.124.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.874.482'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A novel carrier for Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilization.
|
Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKMF-1767 cells were immobilized on different carriers. The optimum carrier according to adsorbed P. chrysosporium cells number (86.38%) was determined to be polystyrene foam, a novel carrier. The conditions for the immobilization of cells on polystyrene foam were optimized and determined as 50 rpm, 37 degrees C, and 2h. The results show that the adsorption of P. chrysosporium on polystyrene foam follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. High manganese peroxidase activity (421 U/L) and dry mass (4.7 g/L) were recovered from the batch mode polystyrene foam solid state fermentation system.
|
['Bioreactors', 'Cells, Immobilized', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Peroxidases', 'Phanerochaete', 'Plastics']
| 15,974,183
|
[['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['A11.270'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['B01.300.179.120.570'], ['D05.750.716', 'D25.720.716', 'J01.637.051.720.716']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Flemingin-Type Prenylated Chalcones from the Sarawak Rainforest Plant Desmodium congestum.
|
In an ongoing program to identify new anti-infective leads, an extract derived from whole plant material of Desmodium congestum collected in the Sarawak rainforest was found to have anti-MRSA activity. Bioassay-guided isolation led to the isolation of two new prenylated chalcones, 5'-O-methyl-3-hydroxyflemingin A (1) and 5'-O-methylflemingin C (2), which were closely related to the flemingins previously isolated from various Flemingia species. Chalcones 1 and 2, which were determined to be 4:6 enantiomeric mixtures by chiral HPLC, exhibited moderate activity against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria and were also cytotoxic to the HEK293 human embryonic kidney cell line.
|
['Chalcones', 'Fabaceae', 'Gram-Positive Bacteria', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular', 'Prenylation', 'Rainforest']
| 26,284,978
|
[['D02.522.818.222', 'D03.383.663.283.266.450.221', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.221'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401'], ['B03.510'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.550'], ['G02.111.672', 'G03.804'], ['G16.500.275.157.437.500', 'N06.230.124.343.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Expression of p53 in oesophageal squamous epithelium from surgical specimens resected for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, with special reference to uninvolved mucosa.
|
Accumulation of p53 protein has been considered an intermediate biomarker in multistage oesophageal carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate p53 expression by immunohistochemistry in 13 thoroughly sampled oesophagectomy specimens from a geographical area with a high oesophageal cancer incidence (Basse Normandie, France). Expression of p53 was looked for in tissue samples of cancer, intraepithelial neoplasia, and uninvolved mucosa. The streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex method was used for p53 immunostaining. p53 expression was found in invasive squamous cell carcinoma in 8 out of 11 cases and in intraepithelial neoplasia in 10 out of 11 cases. In all 13 cases, in uninvolved oesophageal mucosa, expression of p53 was focally present in areas of chronic oesophagitis. Chronic oesophagitis has been regarded by epidemiologists as a precursor lesion for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Since oesophageal carcinogenesis is a multistage process, the study of precursor lesions could provide information on the timing of p53 gene abnormalities during oesophageal carcinogenesis. These preliminary data require to be confirmed by molecular analysis of the p53 gene.
|
['Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Chronic Disease', 'Esophageal Neoplasms', 'Esophagitis', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Precancerous Conditions', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 9,120,718
|
[['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C04.588.274.476.205', 'C04.588.443.353', 'C06.301.371.205', 'C06.405.117.430', 'C06.405.249.205'], ['C06.405.117.620', 'C06.405.205.663'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A10.615.550'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.834'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
FoxA family members are crucial regulators of the hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation program.
|
During endochondral ossification, small, immature chondrocytes enlarge to form hypertrophic chondrocytes, which express collagen X. In this work, we demonstrate that FoxA factors are induced during chondrogenesis, bind to conserved binding sites in the collagen X enhancer, and can promote the expression of a collagen X-luciferase reporter in both chondrocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, we demonstrate by both gain- and loss-of-function analyses that FoxA factors play a crucial role in driving the expression of both endogenous collagen X and other hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific genes. Mice engineered to lack expression of both FoxA2 and FoxA3 in their chondrocytes display defects in chondrocyte hypertrophy, alkaline phosphatase expression, and mineralization in their sternebrae and, in addition, exhibit postnatal dwarfism that is coupled to significantly decreased expression of both collagen X and MMP13 in their growth plates. Our findings indicate that FoxA family members are crucial regulators of the hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation program.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Animals', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Enlargement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chondrocytes', 'Chondrogenesis', 'Collagen Type X', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit', 'Dwarfism', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Fibroblasts', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Growth Plate', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta', 'Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-gamma', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 13', 'Metatarsal Bones', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Myogenic Regulatory Factors', 'Smad1 Protein']
| 22,595,668
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.500', 'G07.345.249.410.500'], ['A11.251'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['A11.329.171'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.180', 'G11.427.578.180'], ['D12.776.860.300.250.400.500'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.100'], ['C05.116.099.343', 'C16.320.240', 'C19.297'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.329.228'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['A02.835.232.251.352'], ['D12.776.260.262.875', 'D12.776.260.950.249.750', 'D12.776.660.352.875', 'D12.776.930.318.875', 'D12.776.930.977.249.750'], ['D12.776.260.262.937', 'D12.776.260.950.249.875', 'D12.776.660.352.937', 'D12.776.930.318.937', 'D12.776.930.977.249.875'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.480.205.363', 'D08.811.277.656.300.480.525.700.550', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.205.363', 'D08.811.277.656.675.374.525.700.550', 'D12.644.276.848.550', 'D12.776.467.836.550'], ['A02.835.232.043.300.492'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['D12.776.210.500.570', 'D12.776.260.103.750', 'D12.776.930.125.750'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.500.100', 'D12.776.157.057.170.500.100', 'D12.776.260.713.500.100', 'D12.776.476.024.428.500.100', 'D12.776.744.741.500', 'D12.776.930.806.500.100']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Remote control of diastereoselectivity in intramolecular reactions of chiral allylsilanes.
|
During investigations of cyclization reactions between chiral allylsilanes and N-acyliminium ions, it was discovered that a suitably positioned benzyloxy group on the allylsilane component caused a reversal in the diastereoselectivity of these reactions relative to that normally observed with alkyl-substituted allylsilanes. This effect was subsequently observed in two other reaction types. Investigations into this effect led to the proposal of product formation through thermodynamic control facilitated by neighboring group interactions with a transient cationic species. This hypothesis was experimentally supported by the isolation of an intermediate in the proposed mechanistic pathway.
|
['Acylation', 'Alkenes', 'Alkylation', 'Cations', 'Cyclization', 'Imines', 'Ions', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Chemical', 'Silanes', 'Stereoisomerism', 'Thermodynamics']
| 17,044,701
|
[['G02.111.012', 'G02.607.063', 'G03.040'], ['D02.455.326.271'], ['G02.111.035', 'G02.607.094', 'G03.059'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['G02.111.180', 'G02.607.133', 'G03.208'], ['D02.491'], ['D01.248.497'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.495'], ['D01.837.700'], ['G02.607.445.682'], ['G01.906']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
IFN-ã-mediated efficacy of allergen-free immunotherapy using mycobacterial antigens and CpG-ODN.
|
Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the notion that microbial infections that are known to induce Th1-type immune responses can suppress Th2 immune responses, which are characteristics of allergic disorders. However, live microbial immunization might not be feasible for human immunotherapy. Here, we evaluated whether induction of Th1 immunity by the immunostimulatory sequences of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), with or without culture filtrate proteins (CFP), from Mycobacterium tuberculosis would suppress ongoing allergic lung disease. Presensitized and ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged mice were treated subcutaneously with CpG, or CpG in combination with CFP (CpG/CFP). After 15 days of treatment, airway inflammation and specific T- and B-cell responses were determined. Cell transfer experiments were also performed. CpG treatment attenuated airway allergic disease; however, the combination CpG/CFP treatment was significantly more effective in decreasing airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia and Th2 response. When an additional intranasal dose of CFP was given, allergy was even more attenuated. The CpG/CFP therapy also reduced allergen-specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies and increased IgG2a. Transfer of spleen cells from mice immunized with CpG/CFP also reduced allergic lung inflammation. CpG/CFP treatment induced CFP-specific production of IFN-ã and IL-10 by spleen cells and increased production of IFN-ã in response to OVA. The essential role of IFN-ã for the therapeutic effect of CpG/CFP was evidenced in IFN-ã knockout mice. These results show that CpG/CFP treatment reverses established Th2 allergic responses by an IFN-ã-dependent mechanism that seems to act both locally in the lung and systemically to decrease allergen-specific Th2 responses.
|
['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Cytokines', 'Eosinophilia', 'Female', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunotherapy', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Lung Diseases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Ovalbumin', 'Spleen', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells']
| 21,403,663
|
[['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C15.378.553.231'], ['C20.543'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['C08.381'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D13.695.578.424.450'], ['D12.644.861.557', 'D12.776.034.614', 'D12.776.256.159.157.663', 'D12.776.290.663', 'D12.776.872.557'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.900', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.500', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.500', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.900', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.900'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.400.905', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200.400.750', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.400.750', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200.400.905', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.400.905']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Long-term biological consequences of nuclear war.
|
Subfreezing temperatures, low light levels, and high doses of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation extending for many months after a large-scale nuclear war could destroy the biological support systems of civilization, at least in the Northern Hemisphere. Productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems could be severely restricted for a year or more. Postwar survivors would face starvation as well as freezing conditions in the dark and be exposed to near-lethal doses of radiation. If, as now seems possible, the Southern Hemisphere were affected also, global disruption of the biosphere could ensue. In any event, there would be severe consequences, even in the areas not affected directly, because of the interdependence of the world economy. In either case the extinction of a large fraction of the Earth's animals, plants, and microorganisms seems possible. The population size of Homo sapiens conceivably could be reduced to prehistoric levels or below, and extinction of the human species itself cannot be excluded.
|
['Animals', 'Atmosphere', 'Climate', 'Environment', 'Humans', 'Nuclear Warfare', 'Photosynthesis', 'Radiation, Ionizing', 'Radioactive Fallout', 'Sunlight', 'Temperature', 'Ultraviolet Rays']
| 6,658,451
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['G16.500.275.071', 'N06.230.300.100.250'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.735.950.500.600'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['G01.750.750'], ['D20.693.555', 'N06.850.810.460'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.836', 'G01.750.250.650.836', 'G01.750.770.578.836', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525', 'G16.500.750.775.525', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Proximal cervical spinal nerve: MR appearance.
|
An interradicular cleft and a segment of nerve containing fascicles have recently been described in the cervical spinal nerve. This study was performed to determine whether the fascicles and the interradicular cleft have a distinctive appearance on magnetic resonance (MR) images. The proximal spinal nerves and nerve roots of C-4 and C-8 were removed from cadavers, imaged with MR, sectioned, and stained. Cervical neural foramina were imaged with MR and then sectioned. The MR images demonstrated a division of the root sheaths into ventral and dorsal portions, separated by fat within the interradicular cleft and located proximal to the dorsal root ganglion. Distal to the dorsal root ganglion, the proximal portion of the cervical spinal nerve containing multiple fascicles gave the proximal portion of the spinal nerve an inhomogeneous appearance on the MR images. This study suggests an anatomic explanation for the variable appearance of the cervical spinal nerves with MR imaging.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Spinal Nerve Roots', 'Spinal Nerves']
| 1,620,837
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.800.800.720.725'], ['A08.800.800.720']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Diagnostic delay in a case of T-cell neurolymphomatosis.
|
A 69-year-old woman presented with severe subacute painful meningoradiculoneuritis. Neurophysiology showed a patchy, proximal axonal process with widespread denervation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was lymphocytic (normal T-cell predominant) with negative cytology. MRI revealed multiple sites of enhancement, but fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was negative. Bone marrow aspirate and trephine (BMAT) showed no evidence of a lymphoproliferative condition. Right brachial plexus biopsy demonstrated mixed T-cell/B-cell endoneurial inflammation not fulfilling criteria for vasculitis. She was stabilised with high-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide, followed by mycophenolate for inflammatory myeloradiculoneuritis. However, symptoms recurred when prednisolone was weaned. Although T-cell receptor gene analysis from the initial CSF demonstrated clonal rearrangements, it was only when the same clones were identified on two repeat BMATs and CSF that T-cell neurolymphomatosis, an exceedingly rare condition, was diagnosed. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge in peripheral neurolymphomatosis related to patchy disease, variable sensitivity and specificity of investigative tools, and the influence of therapies on traditional cytological definitions of lymphoma. The clinical picture, exhaustive exclusion of alternative causes and the persistence of an abnormal T-cell clone ultimately lead to a diagnostic consensus between specialist neurology and haematology clinicians.
|
['Administration, Intravenous', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow', 'Brachial Plexus', 'Cerebrospinal Fluid', 'Cyclosporine', 'Delayed Diagnosis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Neurolymphomatosis', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'T-Lymphocytes']
| 31,888,900
|
[['E02.319.267.082'], ['D06.472.040'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A08.800.800.720.050'], ['A12.207.270.210'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['E01.110', 'E02.760.273', 'N02.421.585.273'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['G05.344.801', 'G12.500.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C10.551.568'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of particle size and partial replacement of alfalfa hay by soya bean hulls on nutrient intake, total tract digestibility and rumen degradability of diets by Holstein steers.
|
This study examined the effect of alfalfa hay (AH) particle size and the replacement of soya bean hull (SH) for AH within the diet of restricted fed Holstein steers on dry matter intake (DMI), total tract digestion, ruminal digestion, ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen content, and faecal pH. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein steers averaging 353 ± 9.6 kg of BW were assigned to a 4 ? 4 Latin square experiment with four periods and a 2 ? 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factor A was AH particle size (fine vs. coarse) and factor B was diet SH content (0% vs. 10%; substituted for AH). Steers were fed at 1% of body weight of TMR containing 400 g/kg forage and 600 g/kg concentrate. Chopping of AH to fine particles decreased (p = 0.01) amount of dietary materials retained on the medium sieve (8 mm). The inclusion of SH significantly increased (p = 0.01) materials retained on the 1.18-mm sieve and tended to decrease (p = 0.07) materials on 19-mm sieves. The inclusion of SH increased (p = 0.01) ether extract (EE) intake and increased (p = 0.07) DMI. Inclusion of SH increased (p = 0.01) EE digestion and decreased (p < 0.01) faecal pH. Neither AH particle size nor SH inclusion in diets affected (p > 0.10) the in situ ruminal degradability coefficients of DM ('a', 'b', 'c' or 'a+b'). No interaction of AH?SH was seen on nutrient intake, digestibility and in situ ruminal degradability of Holstein steers.
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Diet', 'Digestion', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Food Handling', 'Male', 'Medicago sativa', 'Rumen', 'Soybeans']
| 27,859,733
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.590.500'], ['A13.869.804'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The dual functions of WLIM1a in cell elongation and secondary wall formation in developing cotton fibers.
|
LIN-11, Isl1 and MEC-3 (LIM)-domain proteins play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes in animals, but plant LIM functions remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate dual roles of the WLIM1a gene in fiber development in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). WLIM1a is preferentially expressed during the elongation and secondary wall synthesis stages in developing fibers. Overexpression of WLIM1a in cotton led to significant changes in fiber length and secondary wall structure. Compared with the wild type, fibers of WLIM1a-overexpressing plants grew longer and formed a thinner and more compact secondary cell wall, which contributed to improved fiber strength and fineness. Functional studies demonstrated that (1) WLIM1a acts as an actin bundler to facilitate elongation of fiber cells and (2) WLIM1a also functions as a transcription factor to activate expression of Phe ammonia lyase-box genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to build up the secondary cell wall. WLIM1a localizes in the cytosol and nucleus and moves into the nucleus in response to hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, these results demonstrate that WLIM1a has dual roles in cotton fiber development, elongation, and secondary wall formation. Moreover, our study shows that lignin/lignin-like phenolics may substantially affect cotton fiber quality; this finding may guide cotton breeding for improved fiber traits.
|
['Actins', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cell Wall', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cotton Fiber', 'Cytoplasm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Gossypium', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lignin', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Cells', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Transport']
| 24,220,634
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.183'], ['E05.393.220'], ['J01.637.836.299'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.821.500.244'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A11.750'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G03.143.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antibiotic prescribing for children. Too much and too little? Retrospective observational study in primary care.
|
AIMS: To investigate the extent of dose-related off-label antibiotic paediatric prescribing in primary care and to identify any potential clinical effects, particularly of lower than recommended dose prescribing.METHODS: Assessment of antibiotic prescribing in 168 396 children aged 0-16 years for the year 1999-2000 from data retrieved from 158 general practices using the national Scottish primary care computer system GPASS. The setting was general practices in Scotland.RESULTS: During the study period at least one course of antibiotics was prescribed to 23 911 children (14.2%). A total of 4582 (19.2%) children were prescribed an antibiotic dose of less than that recommended in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). The number of children prescribed an antibiotic at less than recommended dose increased with age from 1154 (11.8%) aged 0-4 years to 1827 (30.0%) in the 12-16 years age group. For each antibiotic, prescribing lower than recommended dose occurred most frequently at those ages at which a dose increase was recommended in the SPC. Antibiotic prescribing at less than the recommended dose was not associated with an increased return rate for further antibiotic prescriptions during the following month, but in 5-11-year-olds was associated with a significant 48% increase in the total number of antibiotic courses prescribed during the study year [mean = 2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79, 2.39]vs. 1.41 [95% CI 1.35, 1.47]]. Antibiotic prescribing at doses higher than recommended occurred less frequently (1.6%) and decreased steadily with age.CONCLUSIONS: Off-label prescribing of antibiotics at less than the recommended dose in children is common in primary care and occurs primarily as the result of a failure to increase antibiotic dosage with age in line with SPC recommendations. Adoption of a uniform approach to SPC age banding for antibiotic dose increments would reduce the frequency of dose-related off-label antibiotic prescribing in children and help minimize the potential for the development of antibiotic resistance.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Family Practice', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scotland']
| 12,848,780
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['H02.403.340.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.542.363.766']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Hippocampal neurogenesis of Wistar Kyoto rats is congenitally impaired and correlated with stress resistance.
|
The hippocampus is thought to be an important region for depression. However, the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and depression is still controversial. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are frequently used as a depression model. WKY rats are known to show physiologically abnormal features, and these features resemble abnormalities seen in depressed patients. However, the neurogenesis of WKY rats is still unknown. In this study, we first evaluated the neurogenesis of WKY rats and compared it to that of Wistar (WIS) rats. No strain effect was observed in the number of cells positive for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and BrdU/Doublecortin (Dcx) in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the number of BrdU- and BrdU/Dcx-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was significantly lower in WKY rats than in WIS rats. Next, we evaluated the correlation between neurogenesis and behavior tests. Behavior tests did not affect neurogenesis in either strain. Hippocampal neurogenesis correlated negatively with the results of a forced swim test (FST) on day 2 in each strain. That is, rats with a lower level of native neurogenesis in the DG showed a higher level of learned helplessness induced by the inescapable stress of the FST on day 1. Our findings indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis in WKY rats is congenitally impaired in contrast to that in WIS rats. Native cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the DG are correlated with stress resistance. These findings may be useful for developing new targets for depression treatment.
|
['Animals', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Depression', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Hippocampus', 'Lateral Ventricles', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Neurogenesis', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Sucrose', 'Swimming']
| 28,465,137
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.742.680.852.300.150', 'D13.570.230.430.196', 'D13.570.685.852.300.150'], ['E01.370.225.500.195', 'E05.200.500.195', 'E05.242.195', 'G04.140'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['F01.145.387', 'F01.658.370'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['A08.186.211.140.650'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['G04.152.912', 'G07.345.500.325.377.687', 'G08.686.784.170.450.500', 'G11.561.620'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.644.400', 'D12.776.631.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['D09.698.629.305.770', 'D09.947.750.770'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Alterations in perivascular innervation function in mesenteric arteries from offspring of diabetic rats.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have reported that exposure to a diabetic intrauterine environment during pregnancy increases blood pressure in adult offspring, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. This study was designed to analyse a possible role of perivascular sympathetic and nitrergic innervation in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in this effect.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Diabetes was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin. Endothelium-denuded vascular rings from the offspring of control (O-CR) and diabetic rats (O-DR) were used. Vasomotor responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS), NA and the NO donor DEA-NO were studied. The expressions of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and phospho-nNOS (P-nNOS) and release of NA, ATP and NO were determined. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were analysed by immunofluorescence.KEY RESULTS: Blood pressure was higher in O-DR animals. EFS-induced vasoconstriction was greater in O-DR animals. This response was decreased by phentolamine more in O-DR animals than their controls. L-NAME increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more strongly in O-DR than in O-CR segments. Vasomotor responses to NA or DEA-NO were not modified. NA, ATP and NO release was increased in segments from O-DR. nNOS expression was not modified, whereas P-nNOS expression was increased in O-DR. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were similar in both experimental groups.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The activity of sympathetic and nitrergic innervation is increased in SMA from O-DR animals. The net effect is an increase in EFS-induced contractions in these animals. These effects may contribute to the increased blood pressure observed in the offspring of diabetic rats.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sodium', 'Superoxides', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation']
| 26,177,571
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['E05.723.402'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G09.330.380.925'], ['G09.330.380.928']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Physical Characterization of Tobramycin Inhalation Powder: II. State Diagram of an Amorphous Engineered Particle Formulation.
|
Tobramycin Inhalation Powder (TIP) is a spray-dried engineered particle formulation used in TOBI Podhaler, a drug-device combination for treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF). A TIP particle consists of two phases: amorphous, glassy tobramycin sulfate and a gel-phase phospholipid (DSPC). The objective of this work was to characterize both the amorphous and gel phases following exposure of TIP to a broad range of RH and temperature. Because, in principle, changes in either particle morphology or the solid-state form of the drug could affect drug delivery or biopharmaceutical properties, understanding physical stability was critical to development and registration of this product. Studies included morphological assessments of particles, thermal analysis to measure the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition (Tm) of the phospholipid and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of tobramycin sulfate, enthalpy relaxation measurements to estimate structural relaxation times, and gravimetric vapor sorption to measure moisture sorption isotherms of TIP and its components. Collectively, these data enabled development of a state diagram for TIP-a map of the environmental conditions under which physical stability can be expected. This diagram shows that, at long-term storage conditions, TIP is at least 50 °C below the Tg of the amorphous phase and at least 40 °C below the Tm of the gel phase. Enthalpy relaxation measurements demonstrate that the characteristic structural relaxation times under these storage conditions are many orders of magnitude greater than that at Tg. These data, along with long-term physicochemical stability studies conducted during product development, demonstrate that TIP is physically stable, remaining as a mechanical solid over time scales and conditions relevant to a pharmaceutical product. This met a key design goal in the development of TIP: a room-temperature-stable formulation (3-year shelf life) that obviates the need for refrigeration for long-term storage. This has enabled development of TOBI Podhaler-an approved inhaled drug product that meaningfully reduces the treatment burden of CF patients worldwide.
|
['Administration, Inhalation', 'Calorimetry, Differential Scanning', 'Drug Compounding', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Dry Powder Inhalers', 'Glass', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Technology, Pharmaceutical', 'Thermogravimetry', 'Tobramycin']
| 28,418,683
|
[['E02.319.267.050'], ['E05.196.131.310', 'E05.196.370.310'], ['E05.916.270'], ['E02.319.300'], ['E07.605.500'], ['J01.637.437'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['E05.916', 'J01.897.836'], ['E05.196.904'], ['D09.408.051.476.600.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with documented esophageal varices evaluated at the Puerto Rico Medical Center.
|
Esophageal variceal bleeding is a frequent complication in patients with chronic liver disease. There is no published study that evaluates the management of this complication in Puerto Rico. Our study describes the management of patients with esophageal varices admitted to the emergency room of the Puerto Rico Medical Center from January 2002 to December 2004. Seventy-four patients were included, 50% of which presented stigmata of recent bleeding from esophageal varices. In patients who presented stigmata of recent esophageal variceal bleeding, larger varices were identified (65% vs. 27% p = 0.002). Significant bleeding and banding of esophageal varices was most common in patients with stigmata of recent bleed. Octreotide infusion and prophylactic antibiotics were received by the vast majority. The management of esophageal variceal bleeding in our institution is compliant with the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines.
|
['Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Health Facilities', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Male', 'Puerto Rico', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 21,696,096
|
[['C06.405.117.240', 'C06.552.494.414'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['N02.278'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['Z01.107.084.900.750', 'Z01.639.880.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Rapid implementation and improvement of a virtual student placement model in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
Practice-based learning via clinical placement is a core part of a physiotherapy degree with the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy requiring completion of 1000 placement hours over a preregistration degree programme. In April 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown Connect Health had to cancel 10 student placements as we transitioned to virtual consultations for all clinics. This cancellation of student placements was replicated across the nation with many Higher Education Institutes reporting a backlog of student placements. Without the requisite placement hours students are unable to progress into the next academic year or are unable to graduate. This then reduces the flow of new-graduate physiotherapists into the workforce at a time when there is a plan to grow the physiotherapy workforce to meet primary care demand. In response to this problem a novel placement model to facilitate virtual student placements ('virtual placements') was developed, tested and then rolled out across Connect Health using the Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement methodology. The model combines shadowing a broad range of virtual clinics with delivery of patient-facing online exercise classes via the Facebook Live platform and completion of virtual projects to support knowledge consolidation. This virtual student placement model enabled an increase in student capacity of over 400% compared with 2018-2019 with 182 students starting between May and August 2020. The model runs using widely available technology, requires no additional investment and has enabled these students to continue their studies and progress towards qualifying as physiotherapists.
|
['Betacoronavirus', 'COVID-19', 'Coronavirus Infections', 'Humans', 'Internship, Nonmedical', 'Models, Educational', 'Pandemics', 'Physical Therapists', 'Pneumonia, Viral', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'Students, Health Occupations', 'Telemedicine']
| 33,148,602
|
[['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113'], ['C01.748.214', 'C01.748.610.763.500', 'C01.925.705.500', 'C01.925.782.600.550.200.163', 'C08.381.677.807.500', 'C08.730.214', 'C08.730.610.763.500'], ['C01.925.782.600.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I02.358.750'], ['E05.599.545', 'I02.903.302'], ['N06.850.290.200.600'], ['M01.526.485.790', 'N02.360.790'], ['C01.748.610.763', 'C01.925.705', 'C08.381.677.807', 'C08.730.610.763'], ['B04.820.578.500.540.150.113.968'], ['M01.848.769'], ['H02.403.840', 'L01.178.847.652', 'N04.590.374.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Two-Colored Dental Surveying Tool as an Alternative for Carbon Marker.
|
Various tools are used with a dental surveyor, including analyzing rods, carbon markers, undercut gauges, and protective sheaths for a specific function. A carbon marker is a parallel-sided carbon rod used to mark the survey line on a cast or a crown on a cast. The carbon marker (with or without protective sheath) cannot differentiate more than one survey line on the cast if needed. The wear of the carbon marker along the parallel walls after repeated use may give an incorrect survey line. We suggest a simple modification in the analyzing rod to prepare a two-colored surveying tool. An analyzing rod is a parallel-sided rod used to analyze the relative parallelism of two or more surfaces of a cast and to mark survey lines on wax patterns. With the modified analyzing rod, the survey lines can be marked with two colors, and the problem of breaking of the carbon marker also can be eliminated.
|
['Carbon', 'Color', 'Dental Casting Technique', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Humans']
| 26,683,255
|
[['D01.268.150'], ['G01.590.540.199'], ['E06.780.250', 'E06.912.115'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The study of early human embryos using interactive 3-dimensional computer reconstructions.
|
Tracings of serial histological sections from 4 human embryos at different Carnegie stages were used to create 3-dimensional (3D) computer models of the developing heart. The models were constructed using commercially available software developed for graphic design and the production of computer generated virtual reality environments. They are available as interactive objects which can be downloaded via the World Wide Web. This simple method of 3D reconstruction offers significant advantages for understanding important events in morphological sciences.
|
['Computer Communication Networks', 'Computer Simulation', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted']
| 9,279,665
|
[['L01.224.230.110'], ['L01.224.160'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Abdominal apoplexy.
|
Two cases of the rare condition of abdominal apoplexy are described. The two main clincial presentations of this condition are discussed as is the aetiology. It is suggested that selective visceral angiography might prove helpful in preoperative diagnosis.
|
['Abdomen', 'Adult', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Arteries', 'Middle Aged', 'Rupture, Spontaneous']
| 647,195
|
[['A01.923.047'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.114.565'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.300.909']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A distal enhancer region in the human beta-casein gene mediates the response to prolactin and glucocorticoid hormones.
|
The 5' flanking region of the human beta-casein gene was investigated for the presence of regulatory sequences mediating the action of the lactogenic hormones prolactin and dexamethasone. DNA encompassing 9389 base pairs of the flanking region was isolated and a sequence comparison performed with regulatory regions previously identified in the beta-casein gene of rodents and ruminants. The analysis revealed the presence of a distal region between -4700 and -4550 with a high percentage of identity to the bovine beta-casein enhancer region, and a proximal region between -1 and -200 similar to the proximal promoter regions found in rodents and ruminants. Reporter gene constructs under the control of the distal or the proximal region of the human beta-casein gene were tested for their responsiveness to prolactin and dexamethasone. In transfection experiments, the distal region functioned as a lactogenic hormone inducible enhancer, whereas the proximal region exhibited low activity. In electromobility shift assays, multiple binding sites for Stat5, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, and Ets domain proteins were identified in the distal human enhancer. These transcription factors have already been demonstrated as important regulators of the transcription of milk protein genes in rodents. Thus, a common set of transcription factors appears to be required for the expression of the human beta-casein gene and of milk protein genes in other species.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'COS Cells', 'Caseins', 'Cattle', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Dexamethasone', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Reporter', 'Genomic Library', 'Goats', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Prolactin', 'Rabbits', 'Rats', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid', 'Sheep', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection']
| 9,795,185
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D04.210.500.745.432.769.344', 'D04.210.500.908.238'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.435'], ['G05.360.325.425', 'G05.360.340.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.773', 'D06.472.699.631.525.525', 'D12.644.548.691.525.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.550', 'G05.810.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of sensory perception and verbal expression of Korean Kimchi stews between Chinese consumers and Korean trained panelists.
|
BACKGROUND: Sensory drivers of liking in foreign food markets are difficult to identify because the expression of perceived characteristics varies depending on cultural differences. We aimed to identify differences in the perception and expression of a Korean home meal replacement product (Kimchi stew) between 10 Korean trained panelists versus 50 eastern Chinese consumers (EC) and 54 northern Chinese consumers (NC) using descriptive analysis and rate-all-that-apply (RATA) tests. Regional differences between the EC and NC groups were also investigated.RESULTS: Sensory representations of the six Kimchi stew samples were similar between the Korean trained and Chinese consumer panels. Use of simple sensory RATA terms was similar among the groups. However, EC, who have a daily diet with mild flavors, associated consumer terms with negative connotations, such as odd flavor and sharp, with burning sensation and seasoning, implying the influence of regional food cultures.CONCLUSION: RATA could elicit foreign consumers' sensory representations of an unfamiliar ethnic food that was comparable to that from descriptive analysis, assisting researchers in understanding target consumers' sensory perceptions in a more cost- and time-effective manner. The inclusion of consumer terms in a RATA list and its correlation with descriptive analysis by a native descriptive panel can help with the understanding of foreign consumers' verbal expressions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
|
['Adult', 'Brassica', 'China', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Cooking', 'Female', 'Fermented Foods and Beverages', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Republic of Korea', 'Taste', 'Taste Perception', 'Vegetables', 'Young Adult']
| 29,797,725
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.200'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F01.145.236'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['G07.203.200', 'J02.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['F02.463.593.817'], ['B01.650.160.956', 'B01.650.510.956', 'G07.203.300.850', 'J02.500.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Insulin binding to liver nuclei from lean and obese mice is altered by dietary fat.
|
Insulin binding to the plasma membrane is known to be altered by modifying the membrane composition through dietary treatment. As insulin binding receptors are also present on nuclear membrane, this study was undertaken to investigate if specific binding of insulin to the liver nuclei is altered by diet. 8-wk-old female C57 B 6J lean and ob/ob mice were fed semipurified diets containing 20% (w/w) fat of either high or low polyunsaturated-to-saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio for 4 wk. Liver nuclei were prepared, insulin binding was measured and nuclear phospholipids were isolated for lipid analysis. Insulin binding was highest in nuclei prepared from lean mice fed a high P/S diet. Specific binding of insulin to nuclei prepared from obese mice was also increased by the high P/S diet, but to a lesser extent compared to lean mice. Feeding a high P/S diet increased polyunsaturated fatty acid content of membrane phospholipids from both lean and ob/ob mice. Obese mice were characterized by higher levels of arachidonic acid and lower levels of linoleic acid in phosphatidylcholine. The present study establishes that insulin binding to liver nuclei is increased by feeding a high P/S diet, and that insulin binding to liver nuclei from obese mice is lower than from lean mice.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dietary Fats', 'Fatty Acids', 'Female', 'Insulin', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Obese', 'Nuclear Envelope', 'Organ Size', 'Phospholipids', 'Receptor, Insulin']
| 1,627,590
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['D10.251'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.530'], ['A11.284.149.165.630', 'A11.284.149.450.700', 'A11.284.430.106.279.692', 'A11.284.835.514.700'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D10.570.755'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.200', 'D12.776.543.750.630.484', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.300']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of Gardenia-aweto compound by different extraction method on antagonizing acute respiratory distress syndrome].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Gardenia-Aweto compound (GAC) and two component on preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by the rabbit model of ARDS induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. To detect the efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS.METHOD: GAC was divided into two compounts, ethanol-soluble components (ESC) and ethanol-deposition components (EDC), based on polarity. Forty-three new zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, the blank control group, the model group, the GAC groups, the ESC group, and the EDC group. The ARDS model was induced by intravenous injection of oleic acid. Dynamic changes of arterial blood gas, lung index, albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in different groups and lung histological changes were observed and compared.RESULT: As compared with the blank group, in the model group, GAC group, ESC group, EDC group the arterial PO2 and oxygen saturation deprived continuously. While SO2 in GAC group at time points 30, 60, 90, 120 min (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and SO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60, 90 min were higher than those in ARDS group. PO2 in ESC group at time points 30, 60 min (P < 0.05) were higher than those in ARDS group. The value of LI and W/D were higher in ARDS group than in sham group (P < 0.01), they were much lower in HD group than in ARDS group (P < 0.01). Concentration of BALF-albumin increased markedly in ARDS group and pre-treatment groups compared with sham group, but it was much lower in GAC group and ESC group, there was a significant difference between GAC group (P < 0.01), ESC group (P < 0.05) and ARDS group. The lung histological changes had been improved in GAC group and ESC group. But no significantly difference between above-mentioned parameters was found in comparison in the model group and in the EDC group.CONCLUSION: Preventive administration of GAC or ESC an protect the damaged lung function in ARDS rabbits induced by oleic acid. The efficiency component of GAC in preventing ARDS is ESC. GAC antagonizing ARDS may relate to its anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-oxidant and antithrombotic effects.
|
['Animals', 'Cordyceps', 'Drug Combinations', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Female', 'Gardenia', 'Lepidoptera', 'Male', 'Materia Medica', 'Oleic Acid', 'Phytotherapy', 'Pulmonary Gas Exchange', 'Rabbits', 'Random Allocation', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 16,075,739
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.107.501.220'], ['D26.310'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.456.937.388'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937'], ['D26.526'], ['D10.251.355.325.600.525'], ['E02.190.755'], ['E01.370.386.700.650', 'G03.143.775.602', 'G09.772.705.760.602'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and the urinary excretion of aldosterone (author's transl)].
|
The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion was diagnosed on the basis of the cardinal features described by Bartter and Schwartz in 3 patients: one neonate with bacterial meningitis and two children respectively under Vincristin and Cyclophosphamide treatment. Treatment with fluid restriction and infusions of hypertonic saline led to a slow excretion of the water excess and to the restoration of both the body fluid volume and serum sodium concentration. The urinary excretion of aldosterone was found to be in the normal range or slightly increased during the development of the syndrome and at the beginning of the therapy. In the phase of recovery there was decreased urinary aldosterone.
|
['Aldosterone', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Meningitis', 'Metabolic Diseases', 'Syndrome', 'Vasopressins']
| 1,189,523
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.062', 'D06.472.040.585.353.118'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C10.228.614'], ['C18.452'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Canonical Wnt signaling in differentiated osteoblasts controls osteoclast differentiation.
|
Inactivation of beta-catenin in mesenchymal progenitors prevents osteoblast differentiation; inactivation of Lrp5, a gene encoding a likely Wnt coreceptor, results in low bone mass (osteopenia) by decreasing bone formation. These observations indicate that Wnt signaling controls osteoblast differentiation and suggest that it may regulate bone formation in differentiated osteoblasts. Here, we study later events and find that stabilization of beta-catenin in differentiated osteoblasts results in high bone mass, while its deletion from differentiated osteoblasts leads to osteopenia. Surprisingly, histological analysis showed that these mutations primarily affect bone resorption rather than bone formation. Cellular and molecular studies showed that beta-catenin together with TCF proteins regulates osteoblast expression of Osteoprotegerin, a major inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. These findings demonstrate that beta-catenin, and presumably Wnt signaling, promote the ability of differentiated osteoblasts to inhibit osteoclast differentiation; thus, they broaden our knowledge of the functions Wnt proteins have at various stages of skeletogenesis.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Development', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Glycoproteins', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'LDL-Receptor Related Proteins', 'Lac Operon', 'Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Osteopetrosis', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear', 'Receptors, LDL', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Trans-Activators', 'Wnt Proteins', 'beta Catenin']
| 15,866,165
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500', 'G11.427.578.050.500'], ['G04.152'], ['D12.776.220'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['D12.644.276', 'D12.776.467', 'D23.529'], ['D12.776.526', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.686.545', 'G05.360.340.358.207.500.545'], ['D12.776.526.500', 'D12.776.543.750.710.450.500.400', 'D12.776.543.750.850.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.329.629'], ['A11.329.372.700', 'A11.627.482.700'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['C05.116.099.708.702.678'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.949.249'], ['D12.776.826'], ['D12.776.543.750.710.450'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.755', 'D12.776.930.900', 'D12.776.964.925.984'], ['D12.776.467.984', 'D23.529.984'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An unusual cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the pediatric intensive care unit: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in children with primary or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) presented with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).DESIGN: The records of patients with a diagnosis of HLH and MODS between January 2005 and January 2008 were reviewed. The patients' characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were assessed.SETTING: PICU of Ege University Hospital.PATIENTS/SUBJECTS: Twelve children who were hospitalized in the PICU met the diagnostic criteria for HLH, and presented with MODS were entered into the study.RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 3 years (range, 2 months-15.5 years). Six patients had a history of parental consanguinity and two had an affected sibling. Five of the patients were classified as primary HLH. All of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly, elevated ferritin levels, hypofibrinogenemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow examination at presentation. The median Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score of the patients at onset was 51 (range, 12-62). Four patients had six, four had five, two had four, and the remaining two had three organ dysfunctions. Organ dysfunction, other than hematologic dysfunction which was present in all patients, was most commonly seen in hepatic (n = 11, 91.7%), respiratory (n = 11, 91.7%), and cardiovascular systems (n = 10, 83.3%). Although nine patients showed neurologic dysfunction including convulsion and coma, renal failure was detected in five patients. Eleven patients were supported with mechanical ventilation and four patients required hemodialysis. Eight patients were treated according to the HLH 2004 treatment protocol, consisting of cyclosporine A, etoposide, and dexamethasone. The remaining four patients received only intravenous immunoglobulin and supportive treatment. Seven of the patients died.CONCLUSION: HLH is a frequently lethal disease and with a clinical presentation similar to severe sepsis, MODS, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or septic shock, which are frequent diagnoses in the PICU. In the PICU, HLH should be considered in the case of prolonged fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, and MODS. It is important for pediatricians and particularly pediatric intensivists to know the diagnostic criteria and possible clinical presentations of HLH so treatment is initiated promptly.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intensive Care Units, Pediatric', 'Length of Stay', 'Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic', 'Male', 'Multiple Organ Failure', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,433,941
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.278.388.493.390'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['C15.604.250.410.575'], ['C23.550.835.525'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma proceeds by distinct oncogenic mechanisms.
|
This study was undertaken to further elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the frequent event of transformation of follicular lymphoma (FL) to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (t-FL). The gene expression profiles of 20 paired lymph node biopsies, derived from the same patient pre- and post-transformation, were analysed using the Lymphochip cDNA microarray. TP53 mutation analysis was performed and copy number alterations at the c-REL and CDNK2A examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed on an independent panel of paired transformation paraffin-embedded samples. Transformed follicular lymphoma was predominantly of the germinal centre B-like phenotype both at the mRNA and protein level. Despite this homogeneity, transformation proceeded by at least two pathways. One mechanism was characterised by high proliferation, as assessed by the co-ordinately expressed genes of the proliferation signature. This group was associated with the presence of recurrent oncogenic abnormalities. In the remaining cases, proliferation was not increased and transformation proceeded by alternative routes as yet undetermined. Genes involved in cellular proliferation prevailed amongst those that were significantly increased upon transformation and T cell and follicular dendritic-associated genes predominated amongst those that decreased. t-FL is a germinal centre B (GCB)-like malignancy that evolves by two pathways, one that is similar in proliferation rate to the antecedent FL and the other that has a higher proliferation rate and is characterised by the presence of recognised oncogenic abnormalities.
|
['Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Disease Progression', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genes, myc', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, Follicular', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 17,278,262
|
[['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.386.480.350', 'C15.604.515.569.480.350', 'C20.683.515.761.480.350'], ['C04.557.386.480.150.585', 'C15.604.515.569.480.150.585', 'C20.683.515.761.480.150.585'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cytogenetic analysis of diploidy in cloned bovine embryos using an improved air-dry karyotyping method.
|
Of the few published studies on the cytogenetic analyses of bovine nuclear transferred (NT) embryos, results differ between air-dry and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. A modified air-dry procedure is reported in this study that provides more metaphase plates for analysis. Day 5 and Day 7 bovine NT embryos were cultured in colcemid-containing CR1aa for 10-12 or 16-18 h, then treated in hypotonic sodium citrate for 3-5 min. The standard procedure of 5h in colcemid and 15-20 min in hypotonic solution was the control. A much higher (P<0.01) percent of mitotic nuclei was observed in the experimental groups. The 33 and 41% mitotic nuclei were obtained from 10 to 12 h and 16 to 18 h-colcemid-treated Day 5 embryos, respectively, which was higher (P<0.001) than the control (15%). The mitotic nuclei in Day 7 NT embryos were 24% in 10-12 h- and 28% in 16-18 h-colcemid-treated groups, which also was higher (P<0.05) than the control (10%). The majority of analyzable embryos were diploid. Analyses of mixoploid embryos showed on average that 70% of the cells were diploid. Day 5 mixoploid embryos contained numerically higher polyploid cells than Day 7 embryos, although statistically there were no differences. We concluded that the modified air-dry method provided a larger source of mitotic nuclei for chromosome analyses of cloned bovine embryos.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Cloning, Organism', 'Cytogenetic Analysis', 'Diploidy', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Karyotyping', 'Mitosis', 'Nuclear Transfer Techniques']
| 15,910,924
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E05.393.240', 'E05.820.180'], ['E01.370.225.500.385', 'E05.200.500.385', 'E05.242.385', 'E05.393.285'], ['G05.700.264'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['E05.200.500.380.500', 'E05.393.085.500', 'E05.820.540']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies. Part III: Effects on complex carbohydrates of lung connective tissue.
|
Glycosaminoglycans are constituents of proteoglycans, which are integral components of lung connective tissue. Glycosaminoglycans not only provide structural support to organs, but also influence extracellular matrix assembly, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation. Changes in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans have been noted in several pulmonary diseases, for example, pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. We studied quantitative and qualitative changes of glycosaminoglycans in the lungs of rats exposed to a range of ozone levels (0, 0.12, 0.5, 1.0 parts per million) for 20 months. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from dry-defatted lung tissues through successive digestions by pronase, papain, and 2 M sodium hydroxide. The glycosaminoglycans then were fractionated into individual components using high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of total glycosaminoglycans in the tissues varied from 1.5 to 4.2 micrograms of uronate/mg of dry-defatted tissue. Although wide variations in total glycosaminoglycan concentrations exist among individual animals within each exposure group, regression analyses of data indicate a monotonic and statistically significant decrease of total glycosaminoglycans after ozone exposure (p = 0.02). Among individual glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively) in animals exposed to ozone when compared with control animals. Heparan sulfate concentration exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) trend toward increase with increasing doses of ozone, but the difference in heparan sulfate concentration between ozone-exposed animals and control animals was not significant. Gel filtration studies of glycosaminoglycans in pooled samples indicated that the molecular size of hyaluronan in animals exposed to ozone was lower than it was in control animals. We noted differences in heparan sulfate's chemical properties and affinity to antithrombin III in ozone-exposed animals and control animals. Although these studies do not provide the mechanism responsible for the observed changes in the lung glycosaminoglycans in ozone-exposed animals, the observations indicate that inhalation of ozone for 20 months affects normal cellular metabolism of proteoglycans, which may contribute to the functional impairment of the lung.
|
['Animals', 'Antithrombin III', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Connective Tissue', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Ozone', 'Proteoglycans', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344']
| 7,811,421
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.861.060.500', 'D12.776.124.790.106.125', 'D12.776.377.715.085.125', 'D12.776.872.060.500', 'D23.113.025'], ['D09'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['A10.165'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['D09.698.373'], ['D09.698.373.425'], ['A04.411'], ['D01.362.670.600'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
On the efficiency and reversibility of active ligand transport induced by alternating rectangular electric pulses.
|
The stationary-state kinetic properties of a simplified two-state electro-conformational coupling model (ECC) in the presence of alternating rectangular electric potential pulses are derived analytically. Analytic expressions for the transport flux, the rate of electric energy dissipation, and the efficiency of the transducing system are obtained as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation. These formulas clarify some fundamental concept of the ECC model and are directly applicable to the interpretation and design of experiments. Based on these formulas, the reversibility and the degree of coupling of the system can be studied quantitatively. It is found that the oscillation-induced free energy transduction is reversible and tight-coupled only when the amplitude of the oscillating electric field is infinitely large. In general, the coupling is not tight when the amplitude of the electric field is finite. Furthermore, depending on the kinetic parameters of the model, there may exist a "critical" electric field amplitude, below which free energy transduction is not reversible. That is, energy may be transduced from the electric to the chemical, but not from the chemical to the electric.
|
['Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Membrane', 'Electrophysiology', 'Kinetics', 'Ligands', 'Mathematics', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Models, Biological']
| 8,075,348
|
[['D12.776.157'], ['A11.284.149'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['H01.548'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['E05.599.395']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Histological and immunocytochemical characterization of neurons located in the white matter of the spinal cord of the pigeon.
|
In the spinal cord of birds a considerable number of neuronal somata is located outside the gray matter. Some of these neurons form segmental marginal nuclei, which lie at the border of the spinal cord near the dentate ligament. In lumbosacral segments these marginal nuclei form accessory lobes which bulge into the vertebral canal. These lobes consist in neurons which are embedded into glia-derived glycogen cells. Furthermore, there are neurons in the white matter near the accessory lobes and numerous paragriseal cells lying in the lateral and ventral funiculus. Glycogen cells are present both in the lobes and in the glycogen body which fills the lumbosacral spinal rhomboid sinus. Immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a marker of astrocytes, was used to characterize the surrounding of marginal neurons. Astrocytes were numerous in cervical marginal nuclei but rare in accessory lobes. There is cytological (distribution of Nissl substance) and immunocytochemical evidence (immunoreactivity of medium-sized neurofilament, glutamic acid decorboxylase and glutamatergic AMPA receptor subtype GluR2/3) that neurons of the accessory lobes and the nearby white matter are similar, whereas paragriseal cells are different.
|
['Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Columbidae', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Glutamate Decarboxylase', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lumbosacral Region', 'Neurofilament Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Spinal Cord']
| 15,121,215
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.165.150'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['A01.923.176.519'], ['D05.750.078.593.630', 'D12.776.220.475.630', 'D12.776.631.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.500.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.200.100', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.400.100'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Hardness, softness, and the fukui function in the electronic theory of metals and catalysis.
|
The concepts of hardness eta = (2E/N2)nu and fukui function f(r) = [rho (r)/N]nu, which have recently been associated with the theory of chemical reactivity in molecules, are extended to the theory of metals. It is shown that at T = 0, 1/eta = g(epsilon F) and f(r) = g(epsilon F, r)/g(epsilon F), where g(epsilon F), and g(epsilon F, r) are the density of states and the local density of states, at the Fermi energy epsilon F. Softness S and local softness s(r) are defined as 1/eta and Sf(r), respectively, and it is shown that (formula; see text) where the averages are over a grand canonical ensemble. It is pointed out that the postulate that f(r) or g(epsilon F, r) determines site selectivity for metals in chemisorption and catalysis is synonymous with the recent argument by Falicov and Somorjai [Falicov, L. M. & Somorjai, G. A. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 2207-2211] that such selectivity is determined by low-energy density fluctuations.
|
['Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Mathematics', 'Metals']
| 3,863,123
|
[['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['H01.548'], ['D01.552']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Affection of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on endogenus hormones of Panax quinquefolium seed during its morphological after ripening period].
|
According to the determination of endogenus hormones variation of Panax quinquefolium seed during its morphological afterripenging period, and the affection of exo-GA3 on the endogenus hormones dynamics, it suggested that exo-GA3 couldn't be used for accelerate the growth of Panax quinquefolium embryo, but was helpful in relieving seed dormancy during physiological afterripening period.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Germination', 'Gibberellins', 'Panax', 'Plant Growth Regulators', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Quality Control', 'Seeds']
| 12,575,034
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['G07.345.625.249', 'G15.357'], ['D02.455.849.291.239.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.087.500'], ['D27.505.696.377.760'], ['B01.650.560'], ['J01.897.608'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of chloride on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
|
Selective sodium loading attenuated the development of hypertension in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) treated rat. The DOCA treated rat fed a diet equimolar in sodium to a 7% sodium chloride diet and in chloride to a standard diet, differed in various parameters from the DOCA treated rat fed a 7% sodium chloride diet: it had higher sodium concentration in both erythrocytes and muscles, a higher erythrocyte ouabain sensitive 22Na efflux rate constant (Kos), and a lower norepinephrine turnover rate in the heart and the spleen. These results suggest that the suppressed sympathetic nervous system activity and the activated cell membrane sodium pump contribute in part to the mechanism for the suppression of the development of hypertension in the DOCA-selective sodium loaded rat.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Chlorides', 'Desoxycorticosterone', 'Electrolytes', 'Erythrocytes', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sodium', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sodium, Dietary']
| 3,430,690
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['D01.210.450.150', 'D01.248.497.158.215'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.339', 'D06.472.040.585.611'], ['D01.248'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D01.857.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Late ischemia and carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to catheterization of the radial artery].
|
Invasive measurement of blood pressure has many advantages. Although arterial canalization is a low-risk technique of great benefit to the patient, complications must be looked for. We report the case of a man who underwent triple coronary bypass with arterial canalization requiring several punctures to achieve. Two weeks after the procedure the patient showed signs of hand ischemia and acute carpal tunnel syndrome, which evolved favorably after treatment with heparin sodium and prostaglandin E1. We emphasize the importance of an earlier wrist fracture as the predisposing factor for both conditions and the need to examine collateral circulation in the hand and look for carpal tunnel syndrome before canalization.
|
['Aged', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Catheterization, Peripheral', 'Hand', 'Humans', 'Ischemia', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radial Artery', 'Regional Blood Flow']
| 9,280,998
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.668.829.500.500.200', 'C10.668.829.550.200', 'C26.844.150.206'], ['E02.148.224', 'E04.100.814.529.937', 'E04.502.382.937', 'E05.157.375'], ['A01.378.800.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.513'], ['E01.370.520.510', 'E04.510'], ['C23.550.767'], ['A07.015.114.740'], ['G09.330.100.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein function in vivo by the Drosophila Glued complex.
|
The Drosophila Glued gene product shares sequence homology with the p150 component of vertebrate dynactin. Dynactin is a multiprotein complex that stimulates cytoplasmic dynein-mediated vesicle motility in vitro. In this report, we present biochemical, cytological, and genetic evidence that demonstrates a functional similarity between the Drosophila Glued complex and vertebrate dynactin. We show that, similar to the vertebrate homologues in dynactin, the Glued polypeptides are components of a 20S complex. Our biochemical studies further reveal differential expression of the Glued polypeptides, all of which copurify as microtubule-associated proteins. In our analysis of the Glued polypeptides encoded by the dominant mutation, Glued, we identify a truncated polypeptide that fails to assemble into the wild-type 20S complex, but retains the ability to copurify with microtubules. The spatial and temporal distribution of the Glued complex during oogenesis is shown by immunocytochemistry methods to be identical to the pattern previously described for cytoplasmic dynein. Significantly, the pattern of Glued distribution in oogenesis is dependent on dynein function, as well as several other gene products known to be required for proper dynein localization. In genetic complementation studies, we find that certain mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain gene Dhc64C act as dominant suppressors or enhancers of the rough eye phenotype of the dominant Glued mutation. Furthermore, we show that a mutation that was previously isolated as a suppressor of the Glued mutation is an allele of Dhc64C. Together with the observed dependency of Glued localization on dynein function, these genetic interactions demonstrate a functional association between the Drosophila dynein motor and Glued complexes.
|
['Animals', 'Drosophila', 'Dynactin Complex', 'Dyneins', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Microtubule Proteins', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Microtubules', 'Mutation', 'Oogenesis']
| 7,593,168
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.310.250'], ['D05.500.142', 'D12.776.220.600.450.150', 'D12.776.631.560.225'], ['D08.811.277.040.013.500.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.024.063', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.249', 'D12.776.157.025.750.063', 'D12.776.220.600.200'], ['G05.297'], ['D05.750.078.734', 'D12.776.220.600'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G04.152.650.249', 'G08.686.784.310.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Kinetics of cell populations at various stages of the histogenesis of tissues of the chorioallantois of the chick embryo. Parameters of cell cycles].
|
By means of thymidine autoradiography, changes of the proliferative pool and those of the cellular cycle parameters have been studied in tissues of the chorioallantois and in the duodenal epithelium of the chick embryo at various stages of development. The decisive role in regulation of proliferation in the cell populations studied belongs to modifications of the proliferative pool.
|
['Allantois', 'Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Chick Embryo', 'Chorion', 'DNA', 'Duodenum', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Extraembryonic Membranes', 'Kinetics', 'Morphogenesis']
| 3,718,254
|
[['A10.615.284.147', 'A16.254.750.147'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['A13.350.150', 'A16.331.200'], ['A10.615.284.473', 'A16.254.750.473'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.615.284', 'A16.254.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G07.345.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infections and associated outcomes in the MAL-ED birth cohort.
|
BACKGROUND: Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) have been associated with mildly inflammatory diarrhea in outbreaks and in travelers and have been increasingly recognized as enteric pathogens in young children with and without overt diarrhea. We examined the risk factors for EAEC infections and their associations with environmental enteropathy biomarkers and growth outcomes over the first two years of life in eight low-resource settings of the MAL-ED study.METHODS: EAEC infections were detected by PCR gene probes for aatA and aaiC virulence traits in 27,094 non-diarrheal surveillance stools and 7,692 diarrheal stools from 2,092 children in the MAL-ED birth cohort. We identified risk factors for EAEC and estimated the associations of EAEC with diarrhea, enteropathy biomarker concentrations, and both short-term (one to three months) and long-term (to two years of age) growth.RESULTS: Overall, 9,581 samples (27.5%) were positive for EAEC, and almost all children had at least one detection (94.8%) by two years of age. Exclusive breastfeeding, higher enrollment weight, and macrolide use within the preceding 15 days were protective. Although not associated with diarrhea, EAEC infections were weakly associated with biomarkers of intestinal inflammation and more strongly with reduced length at two years of age (LAZ difference associated with high frequency of EAEC detections: -0.30, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.16).CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic EAEC infections were common early in life and were associated with linear growth shortfalls. Associations with intestinal inflammation were small in magnitude, but suggest a pathway for the growth impact. Increasing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding may help prevent these potentially inflammatory infections and reduce the long-term impact of early exposure to EAEC.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Biomarkers', 'Child Health', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diarrhea', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'International Cooperation', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Virulence']
| 28,742,106
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['D23.101'], ['N01.400.225'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['A12.459'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['I01.615.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G06.930']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Purification, biochemical characterization and structural modelling of alkali-stable â-1,4-xylan xylanohydrolase from Aspergillus fumigatus R1 isolated from soil.
|
BACKGROUND: Aspergillus fumigatus R1 produced xylanase under submerged fermentation which degrades the complex hemicelluloses contained in agricultural substrates. Xylanases have gained considerable attention because of their tremendous applications in industries. The purpose of our study was to purify xylanase and study its biochemical properties. We have predicted the secondary structure of purified xylanase and evaluated its active site residues and substrate binding sites based on the global and local structural similarity.RESULTS: Various microorganisms were isolated from Puducherry soil and screened by Congo-red test. The best isolate was identified to be Aspergillus fumigatus R1. The production kinetics showed the highest xylanase production (208 IU/ml) by this organism in 96 h using 1 % rice bran as the only carbon source. The purification of extracellular xylanase was carried out by fractional ammonium sulphate precipitation (30-55 %), followed by extensive dialysis and Bio-Gel P-60 Gel-filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified 58.10 folds with a specific activity of 38196.22 IU/mg. The biochemical characterization of the pure enzyme was carried out for its optimum pH and temperature (5.0 and 50(0)C), pH and temperature stability, molecular mass (Mr) (24.5 kDa) and pI (6.29). The complete sequence of protein was obtained by mass spectrometry analysis. Apparent Km and Vmax values of the xylanase for birchwood xylan were 11.66 mg/ml and 87.6 ìmol min(-1) mg(-1) respectively.CONCLUSION: Purified xylanase was analyzed by mass-spectrometry which revealed 2 unique peptides. Xylanase under current study showed significant production using agricultural residues and a broad range of pH stability in the alkaline region. Xylanase produced by Aspergillus fumigatus R1 could serve as the enzyme of choice in industries.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases', 'Enzyme Stability', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Temperature']
| 26,847,222
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.300.381.081.295'], ['D08.811.277.450.950.249'], ['E05.916.360', 'G02.111.700.500'], ['G02.300'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The insulin sensitizing effect of topiramate involves KATP channel activation in the central nervous system.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Topiramate improves insulin sensitivity, in addition to its antiepileptic action. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating the mechanism of the insulin-sensitizing effect of topiramate both in vivo and in vitro.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Male C57Bl/6J mice were fed a run-in high-fat diet for 6 weeks, before receiving topiramate or vehicle mixed in high-fat diet for an additional 6 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. The extent to which the insulin sensitizing effects of topiramate were mediated through the CNS were determined by concomitant i.c.v. infusion of vehicle or tolbutamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in neurons. The direct effects of topiramate on insulin signalling and glucose uptake were assessed in vivo and in cultured muscle cells.KEY RESULTS: In hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp conditions, therapeutic plasma concentrations of topiramate (?4 ìg·mL(-1) ) improved insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate + 58%). Using 2-deoxy-D-[(3) H]glucose, we established that topiramate improved the insulin-mediated glucose uptake by heart (+92%), muscle (+116%) and adipose tissue (+586%). Upon i.c.v. tolbutamide, the insulin-sensitizing effect of topiramate was completely abrogated. Topiramate did not directly affect glucose uptake or insulin signalling neither in vivo nor in cultured muscle cells.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In conclusion, topiramate stimulates insulin-mediated glucose uptake in vivo through the CNS. These observations illustrate the possibility of pharmacological modulation of peripheral insulin resistance through a target in the CNS.
|
['Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cell Line', 'Central Nervous System', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fructose', 'Infusions, Intraventricular', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Resistance', 'KATP Channels', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Muscle Fibers, Skeletal', 'Potassium Channel Blockers', 'Signal Transduction', 'Topiramate']
| 23,957,854
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A08.186'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.250', 'D09.947.875.465.354'], ['E02.319.267.510.692'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600.450.550', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750.450.550', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A10.690.552.500.500', 'A11.620.249'], ['D27.505.519.562.500', 'D27.505.954.411.645'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D09.947.875.359.250.500', 'D09.947.875.465.354.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[W?nderlich syndrome due to a ruptured iliac vein secondary to deep venous thrombosis].
|
W?nderlich syndrome, or spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma, secondary to spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein is a rare clinical entity and a medical emergency. Often the aetiology is difficult to identify and different hypotheses have been proposed, such as the presence of hormonal, inflammatory and/or mechanical factors. It may be important to assess the presence of a factor that triggered the deep vein thrombosis and secondary rupture of the iliac vein and retroperitoneal hematoma. We present a case where venous thrombosis could have caused rupture of the iliac vein and we discuss the entity in light of the current literature.
|
['Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Iliac Vein', 'Middle Aged', 'Retroperitoneal Space', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Syndrome', 'Venous Thrombosis']
| 30,012,315
|
[['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.908.427'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.923.047.025.750'], ['C23.300.909'], ['C23.550.288.500'], ['C14.907.355.830.925']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A Combined Nomogram Model to Preoperatively Predict Histologic Grade in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a nomogram model combing radiomics features and clinical characteristics to preoperatively differentiate grade 1 and grade 2/3 tumors in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET).Experimental Design: A total of 137 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT from two hospitals were included in this study. The patients from the second hospital (n = 51) were selected as an independent validation set. The arterial phase in contrast-enhanced CT was selected for radiomics feature extraction. The Mann-Whitney U test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were applied for feature selection and radiomics signature construction. A combined nomogram model was developed by incorporating the radiomics signature with clinical factors. The association between the nomogram model and the Ki-67 index and rate of nuclear mitosis were also investigated respectively. The utility of the proposed model was evaluated using the ROC, area under ROC curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was used for survival analysis.RESULTS: An eight-feature-combined radiomics signature was constructed as a tumor grade predictor. The nomogram model combining the radiomics signature with clinical stage showed the best performance (training set: AUC = 0.907; validation set: AUC = 0.891). The calibration curve and DCA demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the proposed nomogram. A significant correlation was observed between the developed nomogram and Ki-67 index and rate of nuclear mitosis, respectively. The KM analysis showed a significant difference between the survival of predicted grade 1 and grade 2/3 groups (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS: The combined nomogram model developed could be useful in differentiating grade 1 and grade 2/3 tumor in patients with pNETs.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Algorithms', 'Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Nomograms', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Preoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'ROC Curve', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Tumor Burden', 'Workflow']
| 30,397,175
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.240', 'C04.557.470.200.025.370', 'C04.557.580.625.650.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.612'], ['E01.789.650', 'E05.318.740.500.625', 'E05.599.835.895', 'G17.582', 'N05.715.360.750.530.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500.625'], ['C04.588.274.761', 'C04.588.322.475', 'C06.301.761', 'C06.689.667', 'C19.344.421'], ['E04.614.937', 'N02.421.585.753.937'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E05.041.124.892'], ['L01.906.893']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hypertension-related mortality in California.
|
Death rates in California for hypertension-related diseases during 1969-71 and 1979-81 are compared. During both periods, age-standardized rates for a composite hypertension-related mortality category are highest for blacks, followed by whites, and lowest for Asians and Pacific Islanders. Filipinos who have high prevalence rates of hypertension record low rates of hypertension-related mortality. After adjusting for the comparability ratio, the age-standardized hypertension-related death rate declined by more than 28 percent between 1969-71 and 1979-81. The decrease was greatest at age 15-44 years. Of all major hypertension-related diseases, cerebrovascular diseases registered consistently large percentage declines in mortality for all age and race groupings examined. Possible reasons for the considerable decline in hypertension-related mortality and low death rates for Asians and Pacific Islanders are discussed. The combined effects of improved population awareness, level of treatment, and control of hypertension; a greater knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and associated modifications of behavior; and improved medical technology and care may have contributed to the decline.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'California', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Continental Population Groups', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Heart Diseases', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 3,080,788
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['M01.686.508'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['C14.280'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Whole-exome DNA sequence analysis of Brca2- and Trp53-deficient mouse mammary gland tumours.
|
Germline mutations in the tumour suppressor BRCA2 predispose to breast, ovarian and a number of other human cancers. Brca2-deficient mouse models are used for preclinical studies but the pattern of genomic alterations in these tumours has not yet been described in detail. We have performed whole-exome DNA sequencing analysis of mouse mammary tumours from Blg-Cre Brca2(f/f) Trp53(f/f) animals, a model of BRCA2-deficient human cancer. We also used the sequencing data to estimate DNA copy number alterations in these tumours and identified a recurrent copy number gain in Met, which has been found amplified in other mouse mammary cancer models. Through a comparative genomic analysis, we identified several mouse Blg-Cre Brca2(f/f) Trp53(f/f) mammary tumour somatic mutations in genes that are also mutated in human cancer, but few of these genes have been found frequently mutated in human breast cancer. A more detailed analysis of these somatic mutations revealed a set of genes that are mutated in human BRCA2 mutant breast and ovarian tumours and that are also mutated in mouse Brca2-null, Trp53-null mammary tumours. Finally, a DNA deletion surrounded by microhomology signature found in human BRCA1/2-deficient cancers was not common in the genome of these mouse tumours. Although a useful model, there are some differences in the genomic landscape of tumours arising in Blg-Cre Brca2(f/f) Trp53(f/f) mice compared to human BRCA-mutated breast cancers. Therefore, this needs to be taken into account in the use of this model.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Gene Knockout Techniques', 'Genes, BRCA2', 'Germ-Line Mutation', 'Humans', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mutation, Missense', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 25,692,405
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D12.776.660.235', 'D12.776.664.235'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.393.335.750'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.249.105', 'G05.360.340.024.340.415.400.105'], ['G05.365.590.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['G05.365.590.650'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['D12.776.395.550.736', 'D12.776.543.550.746', 'D12.776.543.750.705.970'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Geographic variation in the prevalence of stimulant medication use among children 5 to 14 years old: results from a commercially insured US sample.
|
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate geographic variation in the prevalence of prescription stimulant use and predictors of use among a nationally representative, commercially insured population 5 to 14 years old.METHODS: Prescription claims activity from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 1999 for a continuously eligible population 5 to 14 years old was evaluated. Age-gender adjusted prevalence rates were estimated for each state. Multivariate logistic regression using hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate the impact of age, gender, number of child dependents, and region of the country on stimulant prevalence. The contextual effects of urban or rural residence, median income, percent white, and physician rate per 100 000 residents were also controlled for.RESULTS: The 1-year prevalence of stimulant treatment for the entire study sample was 4.2%. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that stimulant prescription use was positively associated with age, male gender, fewer child dependents, living in higher income communities, and living in communities with greater percent white. Compared with children living in the Western region of the country, children living in the Midwest and South were 1.55 (99% confidence interval: 1.28-1.87) and 1.71 (99% confidence interval: 1.42-2.06) times more likely to consume at least 1 stimulant medication, respectively. Differences in stimulant prevalence across urban and rural residence were also noted.CONCLUSIONS: Geographic variation in the prevalence of stimulant use exists nationally, despite controlling for important predictors of use including age and gender. Possible reasons for the variation are discussed as are calls for additional research.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services', 'Linear Models', 'Logistic Models', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Rural Health Services', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'Urban Health Services']
| 12,563,045
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.575'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['N02.421.816'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['N02.421.914']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Muscle activation during maximum voluntary contraction and m-wave related in healthy but not in injured conditions: Implications when normalizing electromyography.
|
BACKGROUND: Electromyography signal amplitude is influenced by a variety of factors. Normalization strategies aimed at decreasing signal variability include using peak electromyography signal during a maximum voluntary contraction and peak-to-peak M-wave amplitude. However, whether these normalization methods are comparable has not been investigated in injured populations. This study investigated the relationship between peak signal during maximum voluntary contraction and M-wave amplitude in individuals with a unilateral Achilles tendon rupture. Secondarily, we observed whether the two normalizations strategies would yield similar results when evaluating between limb differences in muscle activity during a jump task.METHODS: Eleven individuals 1-3 years after a unilateral Achilles tendon rupture were included in this study. Surface electromyography was used on the medial and lateral gastrocnemii bilaterally. Peak maximum voluntary contraction, M-wave amplitude, and electromyography during a jumping task were collected.FINDINGS: A strong relationship was observed between peak maximum voluntary contraction and M-wave amplitude on the uninjured (r = 0.71-0.88, P < 0.05) but not on the ruptured side (r = 0.41-0.44, P > 0.05). The two normalization techniques did not produce different results when comparing the uninjured and ruptured sides.INTERPRETATION: The findings of this study suggest that M-wave normalization yields similar results as peak maximum voluntary contraction-normalized electromyography in uninjured conditions. M-wave normalization may be a useful strategy in an injured population where a maximal muscle contraction is unsafe or impaired.
|
['Achilles Tendon', 'Adult', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Rupture', 'Tendon Injuries']
| 31,326,725
|
[['A02.880.176'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C26.761'], ['C26.874']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Visual processing speed.
|
Older adults commonly report difficulties in visual tasks of everyday living that involve visual clutter, secondary task demands, and time sensitive responses. These difficulties often cannot be attributed to visual sensory impairment. Techniques for measuring visual processing speed under divided attention conditions and among visual distractors have been developed and have established construct validity in that those older adults performing poorly in these tests are more likely to exhibit daily visual task performance problems. Research suggests that computer-based training exercises can increase visual processing speed in older adults and that these gains transfer to enhancement of health and functioning and a slowing in functional and health decline as people grow older.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aging', 'Attention', 'Humans', 'Reaction Time', 'Vision Disorders', 'Visual Perception']
| 23,231,958
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['G07.345.124'], ['F02.830.104.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['C10.597.751.941', 'C11.966', 'C23.888.592.763.941'], ['F02.463.593.932']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A hybrid approach to advancing quantitative prediction of tissue distribution of basic drugs in human.
|
A general toxicity of basic drugs is related to phospholipidosis in tissues. Therefore, it is essential to predict the tissue distribution of basic drugs to facilitate an initial estimate of that toxicity. The objective of the present study was to further assess the original prediction method that consisted of using the binding to red blood cells measured in vitro for the unbound drug (RBCu) as a surrogate for tissue distribution, by correlating it to unbound tissue:plasma partition coefficients (Kpu) of several tissues, and finally to predict volume of distribution at steady-state (V(ss)) in humans under in vivo conditions. This correlation method demonstrated inaccurate predictions of V(ss) for particular basic drugs that did not follow the original correlation principle. Therefore, the novelty of this study is to provide clarity on the actual hypotheses to identify i) the impact of pharmacological mode of action on the generic correlation of RBCu-Kpu, ii) additional mechanisms of tissue distribution for the outlier drugs, iii) molecular features and properties that differentiate compounds as outliers in the original correlation analysis in order to facilitate its applicability domain alongside the properties already used so far, and finally iv) to present a novel and refined correlation method that is superior to what has been previously published for the prediction of human V(ss) of basic drugs. Applying a refined correlation method after identifying outliers would facilitate the prediction of more accurate distribution parameters as key inputs used in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and phospholipidosis models.
|
['Animals', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Humans', 'Lipidoses', 'Models, Biological', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Phospholipids', 'Rats', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 21,034,759
|
[['B01.050'], ['C25.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.641', 'C18.452.584.687', 'C18.452.648.398.641'], ['E05.599.395'], ['D26'], ['D10.570.755'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemotherapeutics: a questionable or a promising project.
|
While repository adjuvants are already established drugs for antigen specific immunomodulation, no unspecific active immunomodulator has successfully passed clinical trials in tumor patients in Western countries yet. As this is in striking contrast to the effects seen with unspecific immunomodulators in experimental immunological and tumor test systems, the value of those screening models to predict clinical success may be asked for. To improve the success rate, it is recommended to test compounds for their immunomodulatory effects as broad as possible in ex vivo and in vivo test systems. Subsequently, the prophylactic as well as therapeutic potency of selected immunomodulating drugs should be evaluated in various models of aptitude, such as chronic infection, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory reactions. Those diseases are at least to a certain extent influenced by the immune system, in contrast to the uncertainty in case of tumor diseases. In a battery of chronic infection models we could find that different chemoimmunotherapeutics with very similar immunopharmacological activity behaved quite different. Most compounds were ineffective, a part enhanced chronic diseases and only in a few cases a therapeutic effect could be shown. On the other hand, effectivity in protection against the pathogenicity of subsequently applied, selected microorganisms does not predict the therapeutic potency for the same pathogen. Altogether the data show that activation of cells of the immune system by an immunostimulating drug does not predict its therapeutic potency. Moreover, activation of immune cells may also impair the immune resistance.
|
['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Animals', 'Chronic Disease', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Infections', 'Leucine', 'Lymphocytes', 'Macrophage Activation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental']
| 3,791,955
|
[['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C01'], ['D12.125.070.637', 'D12.125.142.441'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['G12.287.500'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
PAKa, a putative PAK family member, is required for cytokinesis and the regulation of the cytoskeleton in Dictyostelium discoideum cells during chemotaxis.
|
We have identified a Dictyostelium discoideum gene encoding a serine/threonine kinase, PAKa, a putative member of the Ste20/PAK family of p21-activated kinases, with a kinase domain and a long NH(2)-terminal regulatory domain containing an acidic segment, a polyproline domain, and a CRIB domain. PAKa colocalizes with myosin II to the cleavage furrow of dividing cells and the posterior of polarized, chemotaxing cells via its NH(2)-terminal domain. paka null cells are defective in completing cytokinesis in suspension. PAKa is also required for maintaining the direction of cell movement, suppressing lateral pseudopod extension, and proper retraction of the posterior of chemotaxing cells. paka null cells are defective in myosin II assembly, as the myosin II cap in the posterior of chemotaxing cells and myosin II assembly into cytoskeleton upon cAMP stimulation are absent in these cells, while constitutively active PAKa leads to an upregulation of myosin II assembly. PAKa kinase activity against histone 2B is transiently stimulated and PAKa incorporates into the cytoskeleton with kinetics similar to those of myosin II assembly in response to chemoattractant signaling. However, PAKa does not phosphorylate myosin II. We suggest that PAKa is a major regulator of myosin II assembly, but does so by negatively regulating myosin II heavy chain kinase.
|
['Actins', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Polarity', 'Chemotaxis', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Dictyostelium', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Gene Deletion', 'Giant Cells', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Myosins', 'Precipitin Tests', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Pseudopodia', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins', 'Sequence Alignment', 'src Homology Domains']
| 10,545,500
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['G04.250'], ['F01.145.113.780.500', 'F01.145.875.439.500.500', 'G04.198.424', 'G07.568.500.590.500', 'G11.427.410.568.850.500'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750'], ['B01.046.550.200.300'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['A11.500'], ['D12.644.360', 'D12.776.476'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559', 'D12.644.360.400', 'D12.776.476.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D05.750.078.730.475', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193.750', 'D12.776.210.500.600', 'D12.776.220.525.475'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.645', 'E05.196.150.639.500', 'E05.200.812.735.645', 'E05.478.594.760.645', 'E05.478.605.492'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['A11.284.180.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['D12.776.354.750'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.500.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of LH-RH and hypothalamic extracts on 3'-5'-cyclic-AMP pituitary levels of immature and adult female rats in vivo.
|
Adult female rat hypothalamic extract and LH-RH increased the 3'-5'-cyclic-AMP (cAMP) level of immature pituitary in vivo, while immature female rat hypothalamic extract had the opposite effect. LH-RH and immature female rat hypothalamic extract did not change the cAMP pituitary levels 60 min after injection to adult female rats.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Rats', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 6,248,929
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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