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Alteration of aquaporin mRNA expression after small bowel resection in the rat residual ileum and colon.
|
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea occurring after small bowel resection gradually improves due to intestinal adaptation. It is known that several water channels, termed aquaporins (AQP), are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitate water transport. However, the changes of AQP after bowel resection remain unclear. In the present paper, the alterations in AQP mRNA expression were investigated after a massive small bowel resection in the rat residual ileum and colon.METHODS: The 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 15) underwent an 80% distal small bowel resection. The residual ileum and colon were dissected on postoperative day 1, 3, 5 or 7 (n= 3 on each day). Total RNA was purified from each mucosa, and the expressions of AQP and sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) mRNA were analyzed by northern blot. The plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) concentrations on the preoperative day and postoperative day 1 were assayed.RESULTS: In the residual small intestine, the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-3 mRNA increased significantly on postoperative day 1. The AQP-7 mRNA increased on postoperative day 3, but the AQP-4 mRNA did not change after the bowel resection. The SGLT1 mRNA gradually decreased after the bowel resection. In the colon, the expression of AQP-3 increased on postoperative day 1 and 7, but AQP-4 mRNA did not change after surgery. The AQP-8 mRNA levels increased slightly on postoperative day 7. Plasma VIP concentration did not change between preoperative day and postoperative day 1.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that several AQP, except for AQP-4, were up-regulated after a massive small bowel resection, and that AQP might play important roles during adaptation.
|
['Animals', 'Aquaporins', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Colon', 'Ileum', 'Male', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 12,795,752
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500.040', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.040', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.040'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Owners' view of their pets' emotions, intellect, and mutual relationship: Cats and dogs compared.
|
Companion animals have established special relationships with humans, as demonstrated by many studies describing their abilities and bonds to communicate with humans. In this questionnaire-based study, we explored owners' views of pets in terms of their emotional and intellectual functions and their relationship with owners, and compared the results between cat owners and dog owners. We found that although both types of owners most often regarded their pets as "family members," this tendency was weaker in cat owners. Cat owners also scored significantly lower than dog owners for some emotions and intellect they thought their pets might have. Additionally, cat owners who regard their cats as family members tend to attribute "compassion" to their cats more strongly than cat owners who regard their pets as non-family. This study revealed that some aspects of cat owners' views of their pets differ from those of dog owners. These finding may help us to better understand our heterospecific companions and establish good relationships with them.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Cats', 'Cognition', 'Dogs', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Human-Animal Bond', 'Humans', 'Intelligence', 'Male', 'Pets', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 28,267,573
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.377.750.250.125'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['F01.470'], ['F01.145.496.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.543'], ['B01.050.050.116.600'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ameliorative effects of bee pollen and date palm pollen on the glycemic state and male sexual dysfunctions in streptozotocin-Induced diabetic wistar rats.
|
This study aimed to assess the effects of bee pollen (BP) and/or date palm pollen (DPP) suspensions on the glycemic state, testicular dysfunctions, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ to overnight-fasted rats at dose of 40mg/kg body weight. After 1 week of STZ injection, diabetic rats were treated with BP and/or DPP suspensions at dose levels of 100mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks. The STZ-induced diabetes significantly increased blood glucose levels and testicular nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels parallel with disrupted testicular and pancreatic histological architecture and integrity. On the other hand, STZ-induced diabetes significantly decreased body weight, testis and pancreas weights, levels of serum insulin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) & follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) as well as sperm count, motility and viability. The administration of BP and DPP suspensions resulted in a significant recovery of the above mentioned parameters as compared to the diabetic control group. These improvements were associated with enhancement of the testicular antioxidant system manifested by an increase in the lowered glutathione content (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in diabetic rats as a result of treatments with BP and DPP suspensions. Thus, it can be concluded that BP and/or DPP suspensions may have potential protective role against diabetes-induced pituitary testicular axis dysfunction and testicular histological deleterious changes in association with antihyperglycemic actions via their antioxidant properties and their efficiency to improve blood insulin level and beta cell function.
|
['Animals', 'Bees', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Male', 'Phoeniceae', 'Plant Extracts', 'Pollen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological', 'Spermatozoa', 'Testis', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 29,080,463
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.093.615'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.249.500.249.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C12.294.644', 'C13.351.500.665'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of physicochemical properties and in vivo efficiency of atorvastatin calcium/ezetimibe solid dispersions.
|
Fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin calcium (ATV) and ezetimibe (EZT) provides a considerable advantage in the management of hyperlipidemia. However, both ATV and EZT suffer from the poor aqueous solubility, which can limit their oral bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to improve the in vitro performance and evaluate the in vivo efficiency of the improved (ATV/EZT) fixed-dose combination. The formulation was prepared through solid dispersion (SD)technique, using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 via solvent method. Solid-state analysis and the in vitro drug release of the prepared formulations were also assessed. In order to estimate the therapeutic efficiency of the prepared SDs, in vivo studies including measurement of serum lipid levels, liver index and histological analysis of the liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats were conducted. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) showed that the drugs crystallinity was notably decreased during the preparation process. All SDs showed enhanced release for both drugs compared to their binary mixture, drugs: polymer physical mixtures (PMs) and marketed product. Administration of ATV/EZT SD led to a remarkable decrease (P<0.05) in the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C in the high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats compared to the PM. Additionally, the histopathological examination of the liver tissue revealed the improved efficiency of the SDs on the liver steatosis. According to the obtained results, ATV/EZT SD with improved physicochemical characteristics, showed favorable effects on the serum lipid levels and liver steatosis.
|
['Animals', 'Atorvastatin', 'Cholesterol', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Drug Combinations', 'Ezetimibe', 'Fatty Liver', 'Hyperlipidemias', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Povidone', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Solubility']
| 26,551,750
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.578.075', 'D10.251.450.200'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['D26.310'], ['D03.383.082.301.550'], ['C06.552.241'], ['C18.452.584.500.500'], ['A03.620'], ['D02.455.326.271.884.533.699', 'D03.383.773.812.615', 'D05.750.716.721.838', 'D25.720.716.721.838', 'J01.637.051.720.716.721.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
How many manoeuvres should be done to measure maximal inspiratory mouth pressure in patients with chronic airflow obstruction?
|
To determine the number of maximal mouth pressure manoeuvres needed to obtain a reproducible value of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP), we studied 44 patients with chronic airflow obstruction, with a mean (SD) % predicted FEV1 value of 53.9 (25), who were clinically stable. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure was determined with an anaeroid manometer during maximal inspiratory efforts in a quasi static condition at residual volume. All patients performed 20 consecutive maximal inspiratory mouth manoeuvres, each one separated by 30-40 seconds. The mean (SD) values of MIP varied from 71.5 (25.5) cm H2O at the first measurement to 80.1 (27) cm H2O at the last measurement. Maximal values of MIP were usually achieved after nine determinations. It is concluded that to obtain a reproducible MIP value in patients with chronic airflow obstruction who are untrained and unexperienced in such manoeuvres a minimum of nine technically acceptable maximal mouth pressure manoeuvres should be performed.
|
['Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Male', 'Manometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth', 'Pressure', 'Respiratory Function Tests']
| 2,763,242
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C08.381.495'], ['E05.559'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['G01.374.715'], ['E01.370.386.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia: alterations of the blood-brain barrier.
|
The cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia, which is a frequent late manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is unknown but radiological and pathological studies have implicated alterations in subcortical white matter. To investigate the pathological basis of these white matter abnormalities, we performed an immunocytochemical and histological analysis of subcortical white matter from AIDS patients with and without dementia, from pre-AIDS patients (asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients), and from HIV-seronegative control subjects. Reduced intensity of Luxol fast blue staining, designated "diffuse myelin pallor," was detected in 8 of 15 AIDS dementia patients, 3 of 13 AIDS nondemented patients, and none of the pre-AIDS patients (n = 2) or control subjects (n = 9). In contrast to Luxol fast blue staining, sections stained immunocytochemically for myelin proteins did not show decreased staining intensities in regions of diffuse myelin pallor. In addition, neither demyelinated axons nor active demyelination were detected in light and electron micrographs of subcortical white matter from brains of patients with AIDS dementia. An increase in the number of perivascular macrophages and hypertrophy of astrocytes and microglia occurred in brain sections from HIV-infected patients. These changes were not specific to dementia or regions of diffuse myelin pallor and they occurred in both gray and white matter. In contrast to the lack of myelin pathology in AIDS dementia brains, significant accumulations of serum proteins in white matter glia were detected in the brains of 12 of 12 patients with AIDS dementia and 6 of 12 AIDS patients without dementia. Serum protein-immunopositive cortical neurons were detected in the frontal cortex of 11 of 12 patients with AIDS dementia and 3 of 12 nondemented AIDS patients. Seronegative control subjects showed minimal serum protein immunoreactivity in both cortex and white matter. We conclude therefore that alterations in the blood-brain barrier and not demyelination contribute to the development of AIDS dementia.
|
['AIDS Dementia Complex', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Autopsy', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seropositivity', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Myelin Basic Protein']
| 7,689,819
|
[['C01.221.250.875.049', 'C01.221.812.640.400.070', 'C01.778.640.400.070', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.049', 'C01.925.813.400.070', 'C10.228.140.380.070', 'C20.673.480.070', 'F03.615.400.050'], ['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.060', 'E05.070', 'I01.198.780.937.120'], ['A07.035', 'A08.186.211.035'], ['A08.186.211'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['C01.221.250.875.500', 'C01.221.812.640.400.500', 'C01.778.640.400.500', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.500', 'C01.925.813.400.500', 'C20.673.480.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.509.400.440', 'D12.776.543.550.440.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400.400.440', 'D23.050.301.500.450.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.410.400.440', 'D23.050.705.552.450.400.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.543.620.540', 'D12.776.631.580.510']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Phagocytosis of particulate nickel compounds by rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
|
Phagocytic indices of 17 nickel compounds were measured in vitro in monolayer cultures of rat peritoneal macrophages. The macrophages were exposed for 1 h at 37 degrees C to particles (1.5 micrometer median diameter) of the nickel compounds, at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml of medium (2 microgram/cm2 of monolayer). Phagocytic induces (i.e., the percentages of macrophages with one or more engulfed particles) ranged from 69% (NiO) to 3% (amorphous NiS). In order to decreasing phagocytic indices, the 17 nickel compounds were ranked as follows: NiO greater than Ni4FeS4 greater than NiTiO3 greater than NiSe greater than alpha Ni3S2 greater than Ni greater than Ni5As2 greater than NiS2 greater than NiFe alloy greater than NiSb greater than Ni11As8 greater Ni3-Se2 greater than beta NiS greater than NiTe greater than NiAs greater than NiAsS greater than amorphous NiS. Rank-correlation (P less than 0.03) was observed between the phagocytic indices of the nickel compounds and their dissolution half-times in rat serum. Nickel subsulfide, alpha Ni3S2, was a notable exception to the general concordance between phagocytic indices and dissolution half-times: alpha Ni3S2 was avidly phagocytized by macrophages, yet it had one or the shortest dissolution half-times. Preliminary results of carcinogenesis tests of 14 of the nickel compounds do not indicate significant rank-correlation between the phagocytic indices of the nickel compounds and the sarcoma incidences at 1 yr after i.m. administration of the compounds to rats.
|
['Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Nickel', 'Particle Size', 'Phagocytosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Sarcoma, Experimental', 'Solubility']
| 7,083,473
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251'], ['E02.319.267.530.460'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D01.268.556.607', 'D01.268.956.625', 'D01.552.544.607'], ['G02.712'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['C04.557.450.795.830', 'C04.619.857', 'E05.598.500.496.968'], ['G02.805']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sensitization of immune cells following hexylaminolevulinate photodynamic therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
|
BACKGROUND: Effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) were tested with respect to immune cell stimulation in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).METHODS: A patient with CIN received hexaminolevulinate (HAL) and subsequent PDT. These data were compared to a placebo PDT patient and a healthy HPV16-vaccinated donor. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed before PDT and at 4 different time points after PDT. The proliferation of these PBMC was tested by [3H]thymidine incorporation following stimulation with control or HPV16-L1 peptides. Potential effects on the CD4+ and CD8+ cell subsets were analysed.RESULTS: The data revealed an unchanged or decreased proliferation of HPV16-L1 peptide-stimulated PBMC as compared to placebo patient. HPV16-L1 peptide incubation of PBMC from the HAL patient demonstrated significant proliferative capacity after PDT. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in placebo patient were slightly increased after HPV16-L1 peptide administration at each time point. Mixed results were obtained for CD4+ cells as compared to controls and nearly unchanged amounts of CD8+ cells were detectable following HPV16-L1 peptide exposure of PBMC from the HAL/PDT-treated patient.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a T cell reaction from CIN patients during repeated HAL/PDT treatment. However, further immune cell populations might be involved during PDT.
|
['Aminolevulinic Acid', 'CD4-CD8 Ratio', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Female', 'Human papillomavirus 16', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Papillomavirus Vaccines', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 27,888,161
|
[['D02.241.755.547.276', 'D12.125.262'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150.160', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150.160', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150.160', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150.160', 'G12.248'], ['G04.144'], ['C04.557.470.200.240.250'], ['B04.280.210.655.050.616', 'B04.613.204.655.050.616'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D20.215.894.899.498'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional analysis of the CXCR1a gene response to SGIV viral infection in grouper.
|
Chemokine receptors are a superfamily of seven-transmembrane domain G-coupled receptors and have important roles in immune surveillance, inflammation, and development. In previous studies, a series of CXCRs in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was identified; however, the function of CXCR in viral infection has not been studied. To better understand the effect of the CXCR family on the fish immune response, full-length CXCR1a was cloned, and its immune response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) was investigated. Grouper CXCR1a shared a seven-transmembrane (7-TM) region and a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family 1 that contained a triaa stretch (DRY motif). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CXCR1a showed the nearest relationship to Takifugu rubripes, followed by other fish, bird and mammal species. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that CXCR1a was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of CXCR1a in grouper cells significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV, demonstrating that CXCR1a delayed the occurrence of cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by SGIV infection and inhibited viral gene transcription. Furthermore, our results also showed that CXCR1a overexpression significantly increased the expression of interferon-related cytokines and activated ISRE and IFN promoter activities. Taken together, the results demonstrated that CXCR1a might have an antiviral function against SGIV infection.
|
['Animals', 'Bass', 'Cytokines', 'DNA Virus Infections', 'Fish Diseases', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Phylogeny', 'Ranavirus', 'Receptors, Chemokine', 'Virus Replication']
| 30,807,858
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.602.105'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['C01.925.256'], ['C22.362'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['B04.280.410.700'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.160', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.125'], ['G06.920.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethyl 4-methyl heptanoate: a male-produced pheromone of Nicrophorus vespilloides.
|
Sexually mature male beetles of the genus Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) exhibit a conspicuous behavior, recognized as pheromone-releasing activity. Laboratory and field studies demonstrated that females are attracted to males that exhibit this behavior, both on or off reproductive resources. Here, we report the results of a study in which volatile chemicals released by calling Nicrophorus vespilloides were collected by solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that ethyl 4-methyl heptanoate and (E)-geranylacetone are emitted by males that engage in the behavior. In the field, traps baited with racemic ethyl 4-methyl heptanoate caught roughly equal numbers of male and female N. vespilloides. Some male and female Nicrophorus vespillo and male Nicrophorus humator were also caught in traps baited with this compound. Traps baited with (E)-geranylacetone did not catch significant numbers of beetles.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Coleoptera', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Heptanoates', 'Male', 'Pheromones', 'Solid Phase Microextraction', 'Terpenes']
| 18,080,163
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.375'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['D10.251.450.400'], ['D23.641'], ['E05.196.155.800.500'], ['D02.455.849']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human community ecology of urinary schistosomiasis in relation to snail vector bionomics in the Igwun River Basin of Nigeria.
|
In a 15-months filed study of the human community ecology of urinary schistosomiasis 15.0% prevalence rate was recorded in 1,625 individuals examined. 37.0% of infected individuals had infections of low intensity. 34.0% were of moderate intensity, while 28.7% had high intensity in infections. Male prevalence of 16.7% was not statistically different (P less than 0.05) from the female prevalence of 13.3%. The population of the Bulinus snail intermediate host showed seasonal fluctuations with a peak in May, and a trough in January. Infection rates of snails rose gradually from 60% in February to 75% in May. Cercarial burdens of snails rose from 500 cercariae per snail per month to a peak count of 900 cercariae per snail per month in June. Water contact activities were either complete and long term, partial and medium term or limited and short term. Age, sex, and occupation were important determinants of the type, duration and period of water contact activities. Results also suggest that high exposure indices were related to high infection prevalence and intensity.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bulinus', 'Child', 'Disease Vectors', 'Female', 'Fresh Water', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Prevalence', 'Schistosomiasis haematobia', 'Seasons', 'Sex Factors', 'Swimming']
| 2,116,657
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.400.750.323'], ['M01.060.406'], ['N06.850.335.188', 'N06.850.520.203.375'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['C01.610.335.865.859.427', 'C01.915.775', 'C01.920.922.427', 'C12.777.892.775', 'C13.351.968.892.775'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Fluorimetric determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets using methylene blue.
|
In this study, a simple and sensitive fluorimetric method was described for the determination of Ascorbic Acid (AA). The procedure is based on the reaction between AA and Methylene Blue (MB). The fluorescence intensity of MB was measured at excitation and emission of 664 and 682 nm, respectively. MB concentration was decreased as a function of decreasing fluorescence intensity due to forming colorless form of MB (Leuco-MB) in the reaction between AA and MB. A linear relationship was obtained between the decreasing fluorescence intensity and the concentration of AA in the range of 3.0 x 10(-7)-6.0 x 10(-6) mol.l(-1). The detection limit was 2.5 x 10(-7) mol.l(-1). The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of AA in Vitamin C tablets.
|
['Ascorbic Acid', 'Calibration', 'Methylene Blue', 'Molecular Structure', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Tablets', 'Time Factors']
| 16,204,979
|
[['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['E05.978.155'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D26.255.830'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Preparation of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells from murine mammary gland.
|
The mammary gland is a complex organ consisting of multiple cell types that undergo extensive remodeling during pregnancy and involution, cyclical changes that suggest the existence of a resident stem cell population that is responsible for remarkable tissue regeneration. The basic functional unit of the mammary gland is the terminal duct lobular unit, which invades the stromal tissue (fat, connective tissue, blood vessels, etc.). Luminal epithelial cells line the ducts while outer myoepithelial cells secrete the basal lamina that separates the mammary gland parenchyma from the mesenchymal cells of the stroma. Within the epithelial cell population of the ducts resides the mammary gland stem cells and it is believed that this population is the origin of the mammary gland cancer stem cells as well. In the mouse, epithelial stem cells can be separated from mesenchymal cells on the basis of CD24, CD44, and CD49f expression. This allows for the determination of both normal and cancer stem cell potential of these two populations and permits investigation into their interaction in tumor development.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Mammary Glands, Animal', 'Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells']
| 22,058,055
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['A11.436'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['A10.336.482', 'A13.589'], ['C04.588.531.500', 'C04.619.590', 'E05.598.500.496.843'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.872.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with morphology detects minimal residual disease in remission and heralds relapse in acute leukaemia.
|
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with morphology (MGG/FISH) was used to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) in complete remission (CR) in 12 cases of acute leukaemia (six MDS-AML, five de novo AML, one pre-B ALL) with numerical chromosomal aberrations at diagnosis. Residual leukaemic cells could be detected in the remission bone marrows by MGG/FISH in five patients, whereas the other seven showed no abnormalities. All five patients with signs of MRD at CR relapsed in the bone marrow with 2-9 months, in contrast to two of seven with a normal finding by MGG/FISH at CR. In both these patients a second MGG/FISH analysis showed that a subpopulation of leukaemic blasts had reappeared, 4 and 5 months prior to the leukaemia becoming clinically overt. One patient suffered a CNS relapse, but without any evidence of bone marrow involvement. The remaining four patients with no evidence of MRD at CR were still in haematological remission at follow-up after 4, 11, 12 and 13 months, respectively. We conclude that MGG/FISH seems to be a clinically useful method to detect MRD in acute leukaemia and to predict relapses, particularly when repeat studies are performed during CR.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Interphase', 'Karyotyping', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Male', 'Metaphase', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis', 'Recurrence']
| 8,982,043
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['G04.144.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.315', 'E05.200.500.385.315', 'E05.242.385.315', 'E05.393.285.475'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['G04.144.220.220.687.625', 'G04.144.220.220.781.625', 'G05.113.220.687.625', 'G05.113.220.781.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.700', 'C23.550.727.700'], ['C04.557.337.428.600.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600.600'], ['E01.789'], ['C23.550.291.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rare occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease in a cohort of Han Chinese ankylosing spondylitis patients- a single institute study.
|
Despite a high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Han Chinese, the clinical experience remains very limited in the extra-articular presentation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A monocentric retrospective study was performed for the AS-associated IBD manifestation. This study analyzed AS patients fulfilling the 1984 revised New York diagnostic criteria, excluding those who had the onset of IBD before or concurrently with the diagnosis of AS, for their demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, pathological and medication data, particularly in the usage of anti-TNF monoclonal antibody. Among 988 AS patients with 19.8% female, 4 (0.4%) had the overt IBD presentation, one female and 3 male aged 28 to 47 years (38.8 ± 4.6), all ulcerative colitis with the characteristic histopathological findings. At the onset of colitis, all had a long-term disease duration of 10 to 25 years (17.5 ± 6.5) and high BASDAI 7.5 to 8.8 (8.2 ± 0.5) with the hip joint involvement. There were recurrent flares of colitis despite the treatment with corticosteroids and messalazopyrin/salazopyrin, and no relapses of IBD were observed for 6.0 ± 1.1 years after the adalimumab (ADA) therapy. In this retrospective cohort, we demonstrate the rarity of AS-associated IBD manifestation in Han Chinese with a beneficent effect from the ADA therapy.
|
['Adalimumab', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spondylitis, Ankylosing', 'Young Adult']
| 29,030,592
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.250', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.250'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.158'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.405.205.731', 'C06.405.469.432'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C05.116.900.853.625.800.850', 'C05.550.069.680', 'C05.550.114.865.800.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Saliva of the Yellow Fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, modulates murine lymphocyte function.
|
Saliva of many vector arthropods contains factors that inhibit haemostatic responses in their vertebrate hosts. Less is known about the effect of vector saliva on host immune responses. We investigated the effect of Aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts on antigen-stimulated responses of transgenic OVA-TCR DO11 mouse splenocytes in vitro. T-cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with greater than 50% inhibition at 0.3 salivary gland pair (SGP) equivalents/mL. LPS-stimulated B-cell proliferation was also inhibited. Secretion of the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma was reduced by 50% or more with 0.45-0.6 SGP/mL, as was secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines GM-CSF and TNF-alpha, and the Th2 cytokine IL-5. The Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were similarly reduced with 0.6-2 SGP/mL. Inhibition of lymphocyte function involved modulation of viable T-cells at low salivary gland extract (SGE) concentrations, and decreased viability at higher concentrations. Dendritic cells were not killed by salivary gland extracts at concentrations as high as 25 salivary gland pairs/mL, but secretion of IL-12 was inhibited by 87% following exposure to 0.6 SGP/mL. Activity is present in saliva and extracts of female but not male salivary glands, and it is depleted from salivary glands of blood-fed mosquitoes. The activity is denatured by boiling and by digestion with the protease papain, indicating a protein; gel filtration HPLC indicates a mass of about 387 kDa. These results suggest that A. aegypti saliva exerts a marked immunomodulatory influence on the environment at the bite site.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Hot Temperature', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukins', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mice', 'Molecular Weight', 'Papain', 'Protein Denaturation', 'Proteins', 'Saliva', 'Sex Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 15,541,033
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.375', 'D12.776.395.240.300', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.375', 'D23.529.374.410.240.375'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.644.276.374.465', 'D12.776.467.374.465', 'D23.529.374.465'], ['E01.370.225.812.482', 'E05.200.812.482', 'E05.478.594.530', 'G12.450.050.400.545', 'G12.565'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.494'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.585', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.585'], ['G01.154.651.750.500', 'G02.111.688.750.500'], ['D12.776'], ['A12.200.666'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Serotonergic neurons migrate radially through the neuroepithelium by dynamin-mediated somal translocation.
|
Embryonic CNS neurons can migrate from the ventricular zone to their final destination by radial glial-guided locomotion. Another less appreciated mechanism is somal translocation, where the young neuron maintains its primitive ventricular and pial processes, through which the cell body moves. A major problem in studying translocation has been the identification of neuronal-specific markers that appear in primitive, radially shaped cells. We used enhanced yellow fluorescent protein under control of the Pet-1 enhancer/promoter region (ePet-EYFP), a specific marker of early differentiated serotonergic neurons, to study their migration via immunohistology and time-lapse imaging of living slice cultures. As early as E10.0, ePet-EYFP-expressing neurons were axonless, radially oriented, and spanned the entire neuroepithelium. The soma translocated within the pial process toward the pial surface and could also translocate through its neurites, which sprouted from the pial process. The dynamin inhibitor dynasore significantly reduced translocation velocity, while the nonmuscle myosin II inhibitor blebbistatin and the kinesin inhibitor AMP-PNP had no significant effect. Here we show for the first time that serotonergic neurons migrate by somal translocation mediated, in part, by dynamin.
|
['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Brain', 'Cell Movement', 'Dynamins', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Epithelium', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Hydrazones', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Luminescent Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Neurons', 'Pregnancy', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Protein Transport', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Serotonin']
| 20,071,506
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.097'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.200', 'D12.776.220.600.450.200', 'D12.776.543.990.400'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A10.272'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['G05.308'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['D02.442.288'], ['E05.481'], ['D12.776.532'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['G03.143.700'], ['D12.776.624.664.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Precision of measurement of bone density with a special purpose computed tomography scanner.
|
A new, special purpose, low-dose computed tomography scanner has been developed for the precise measurement of bone density in the distal radius. The instrument includes an 125I source and four scintillation detectors which are scanned across a section of the forearm to produce a cross-sectional image. A number of innovative features have been included to improve patient comfort and scanner precision. The reproducibility for trabecular bone measurement was 0.5% for repeated scans in 22 subjects. The long-term precision in a group of normal subjects was better than 5 mg cm-3. The high precision and the separate measurement of trabecular bone make this technique suitable for the longitudinal study of bone density in metabolic bone disease.
|
['Adult', 'Bone and Bones', 'Densitometry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Microcomputers', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoporosis', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radius', 'Reference Values', 'Tomography', 'Ulna']
| 3,697,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A02.835.232', 'A10.165.265'], ['E05.196.712.224'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['L01.224.230.260.550'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C05.116.198.579', 'C18.452.104.579'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.700'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E01.370.350.825'], ['A02.835.232.087.090.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Differential diagnosis of paravaginal cysts].
|
Paravaginal cysts are relatively infrequent developmental anomalies. Mostly the Gaertner's cysts are found, which arise from the remnants of the Gaertner's duct. These cysts are often accompanied by other developmental anomalies of the uropoetic and genital tract. A distinct group is formed by to two syndromes of combined urogenital anomalies: Herlyn-Werner syndrome and Wunderlich syndrome. Seven cases of these syndromes were diagnosed and successfully treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Olomouc.
|
['Cysts', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Urinary Tract', 'Vagina', 'Vaginal Diseases']
| 7,976,675
|
[['C04.182', 'C23.300.306'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['A05.810'], ['A05.360.319.779'], ['C13.351.500.894']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ex vivo heart perfusion after cardiocirculatory death; a porcine model.
|
BACKGROUND: Donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) has lead to an increase in organ availability. However, because of medical, logistic, and ethical issues, the use of hearts from DCD donors for transplantation is not generally considered to be feasible. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of ex vivo resuscitation and assessment of the porcine heart after circulatory death using the organ care system (OCS).METHODS: Cardiocirculatory death was induced in five pigs by cessation of mechanical ventilation. No heparin was administered. The agonal time (AT) was calculated as the time between a reduction of blood pressure <50 mm Hg or a fall in saturation beneath 70% and the cessation of electrical activity. After a further 15 min of warm ischemia, hearts were procured and implanted into the OCS, mimicking the actual clinical scenario for other organs. Thus, procured grafts were assessed ex vivo over a period of 4 h.RESULTS: Four hearts were successfully resuscitated on the system (AT 8, 15, 20, and 34 min) Three grafts had excellent visual contractility and lactate trends and were considered to be transplantable. One graft (AT 34 min) had an increased lactate and abnormal contractility being unsuitable for transplantation. One heart with 48-min AT could not be resuscitated.CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that hearts from nonheparinized DCD porcine donors can be successfully resuscitated using the OCS in a scenario, which closely simulates clinical conditions.
|
['Animals', 'Death', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Models, Animal', 'Organ Preservation', 'Perfusion', 'Swine', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement']
| 25,617,972
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.260'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['E05.598'], ['E02.792.833.660', 'E05.760.833.660'], ['E05.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['N02.421.911']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Viral load and physical status of human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 in cervical samples from female sex workers infected with HPV 18 in Burkina Faso.
|
Viral DNA load and physical status might be predictive of either high-grade cervical lesions or disease progression among women infected by human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, but these virological markers have rarely been studied in HPV 18 infections. The relationships between HPV 18 DNA load, viral genome physical status and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed among female sex workers infected with HPV18 in Burkina Faso. HPV 18 E2 and E6 genes were quantitated by real-time PCR. Among 21 women infected with HPV 18, 67% of whom were HIV-1-seropositive, 11 (52.4%) had a normal cytology, 8 (38.1%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 2 (9.5%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Total viral load and integrated viral load were higher in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions than in women with normal cytology (P = 0.01 for both parameters). Total viral load and integrated viral load were higher in HIV-1-seropositive women than in those who were not infected with HIV (P = 0.01, and P, 0.01, respectively). Total viral load or integrated viral load >1,000 copies/ng of DNA were more frequent in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions than in women with normal cytology (7/10 vs. 1/11; P = 0.007) and in HIV-1-seropositive women (8/14 vs. 0/7 in HIV-uninfected women; P = 0.02). Both HPV 18 DNA and integrated DNA loads might represent markers of cervical lesions. Prospective evaluations are needed to establish the value of these parameters to predict high-grade lesion or lesion progression.
|
['Adult', 'Burkina Faso', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cervix Uteri', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Human papillomavirus 18', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Work', 'Young Adult']
| 19,697,418
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290.190.245'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A05.360.319.679.256'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.280.210.655.050.618', 'B04.613.204.655.050.618'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.802.790', 'I01.880.735.679'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Vacant lots: productive sites for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in M?rida City, M?xico.
|
We assessed the potential for vacant lots and other nonresidential settings to serve as source environments for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in M?rida City, M?xico. Mosquito immatures were collected, during November 2011-June 2013, from residential premises (n = 156 site visits) and nonresidential settings represented by vacant lots (50), parking lots (18), and streets or sidewalks (28). Collections totaled 46,025 mosquito immatures of 13 species. Ae. aegypti was the most commonly encountered species accounting for 81.0% of total immatures, followed by Culex quinquefasciatus Say (12.1%). Site visits to vacant lots (74.0%) were more likely to result in collection of Ae. aegypti immatures than residential premises (35.9%). Tires accounted for 75.5% of Ae. aegypti immatures collected from vacant lots. Our data suggest that vacant lots should be considered for inclusion in mosquito surveillance and control efforts in M?rida City, as they often are located near homes, commonly have abundant vegetation, and frequently harbor accumulations of small and large discarded water-holding containers that we now have demonstrated to serve as development sites for immature mosquitoes. In addition, we present data for associations of immature production with various container characteristics, such as storage capacity, water quality, and physical location in the environment.
|
['Aedes', 'Animals', 'Cities', 'Mexico', 'Pupa', 'Water Quality']
| 24,724,299
|
[['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['B05.500.700', 'G07.345.500.550.500.700'], ['N06.850.460.350.080.750', 'N06.850.460.790.730']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Orthodontic and periodontal considerations in treatment of adult patients.
|
The coordination of orthodontics with periodontics in treating adult patients with high esthetic expectations is essential. In this article, three broad categories of relationships between the two specialties are described. In addition, several simple clinical situations illustrate how the interactions can help to improve the outcome of dental treatments.
|
['Adult', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Crowns', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malocclusion', 'Orthodontics, Corrective', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Periodontics', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 10,581,933
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E02.186'], ['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['E06.780.346.706', 'E07.695.190.185'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C07.793.494'], ['E06.658.578'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['E06.721', 'H02.163.876.623'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in children].
|
To study clinical peculiarities of parainfectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) in children and to elaborate approaches to its pharmacotherapeutic correction, 20 children, including 12 girls and 8 boys, have been examined using neurological, neurophysiological, immunological and virological methods along with magnetic resonance tomography (MRT). Age-at-disease-onset was from 8 months to 3 years old. The development of neurological symptoms was related to a virus infection (55% of cases) or vaccination (15%). Marked disease seasonality (autumn, spring) was observed. In some cases, a possible role of infectious factor in the disease development was confirmed by virological and immunological studies. OMS was featured by the absence of specific brain MRT changes and low frequency of significant abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid. A positive experience of the use of hormonal therapy and immunomodulators is presented.
|
['Age of Onset', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome', 'Prognosis', 'Russia', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 18,379,515
|
[['N05.715.350.075.100', 'N06.850.490.250.100'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.171'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['D06.472.040.543', 'D27.505.696.399.472.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['C04.588.614.550.600', 'C04.730.856.596', 'C10.228.758.500', 'C10.292.562.831', 'C10.574.781.662', 'C10.597.350.500.500', 'C11.590.725'], ['E01.789'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prophylactic antibiotic prescription for cesarean section.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of prophylactic antibiotics for cesarean section, and to identify factors associated with a doctor's intraoperative prescription.DESIGN: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study.STUDY PARTICIPANTS: All 967 medical records of women undergoing cesarean section from January 1998 to February 1999 in a university hospital, Southern Thailand.MAIN MEASURES: Independent variables consisted of patient and doctor factors. The outcome variable was whether any antibiotics were given intraoperatively. Multivariate logistic regression with random effects was used to identify factors associated with the doctor's prescription.RESULTS: Prophylactic antibiotics were prescribed in 82% of all patients. One hundred and eighty-eight patients (21%) received antibiotics postoperatively. Of the patients receiving intraoperative antibiotics after cord clamping, 8% received only a single dose and 53% received an additional postoperative prescription. The most commonly used antibiotic was ampicillin. Intraoperative prescription was significantly associated with longer duration of ruptured membranes, higher number of vaginal examinations and doctors' age. Doctors aged 30-39 years had three and seven times the likelihood of prescribing intraoperative antibiotics compared with their younger and older colleagues, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Administration of single-dose prescriptions was still an uncommon practice. Prophylaxis was given more commonly to patients with well known risks for infection, and was given by doctors aged 30-39 years.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Cesarean Section', 'Drug Prescriptions', 'Drug Utilization', 'Extraembryonic Membranes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Obstetric Labor Complications', 'Obstetrics', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Pregnancy', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Thailand']
| 12,515,336
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E02.319.162.150', 'E02.319.703.150'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E02.319.307', 'N02.421.668.778.500'], ['N04.452.706.477'], ['A10.615.284', 'A16.254.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['C13.703.420'], ['H02.403.810.450'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Are pesticides really endocrine disruptors?
|
In recent years, a considerable amount of basic laboratory investigation has been targeted toward understanding the relationship between environmental contaminants and cellular endocrine function. A number of environmental contaminants are now known to alter endocrine physiology without acting as classic toxicants. Hence, a new field of inquiry has emerged within the discipline of environmental toxicology, the study of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Pesticides represent one of the better studied groups of EDCs. As the tools of molecular biology become increasingly sophisticated, our ability to understand the endocrine effects of these compounds continues to broaden at a remarkable rate. Still, clinical data linking them to derangements in human endocrine function have been quite limited. While the scientific community awaits further epidemiological assessment of the impact of pesticides on public health, responsible land management practices should be employed in an effort to reduce the burden of these chemicals ultimately reaching our water supply.
|
['Endocrine System', 'Fungicides, Industrial', 'Herbicides', 'Humans', 'Insecticides']
| 11,149,256
|
[['A06'], ['D27.720.031.700.288', 'D27.888.723.288'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Lack of postextrasystolic potentiation in a normal heart.
|
Lack of postextrasystolic potentiation in a normal heart is described. The phenomenon might be attributed to calcium channel blocker treatment. We could not find a previous description of such a phenomenon in the English literature.
|
['Cardiac Catheterization', 'Cardiac Complexes, Premature', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged']
| 2,439,210
|
[['E01.370.370.380.140', 'E02.148.442', 'E05.157.250'], ['C14.280.067.325', 'C14.280.123.375', 'C23.550.073.325'], ['A07.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
AMP kinase activation and glut4 translocation in isolated cardiomyocytes.
|
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) results in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation from the cytosol to the cell membrane, and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscles. This increased activation of AMPK can be stimulated by a pharmacological agent, AICAR (5' -aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), which is converted intracellularly into ZMP (5' -aminoimidazole-4-carboxamideribonucleosidephosphate), an AMP analogue. We utilised AICAR and ZMP to study GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in isolated cardiomyocytes. Adult ventricular cardiomyocytes were treated with AICAR or ZMP, and glucose uptake was measured via [3H] -2-deoxyglucose accumulation. PKB/Akt, AMPK and acetyl-CoA-carboxylase phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation were detected by Western blotting or flow cytometry. AICAR and ZMP promoted AMPK phosphorylation. Neither drug increased glucose uptake but on the contrary, inhibited basal glucose uptake, although GLUT4 translocation from the cytosol to the membrane occurred. Using flow cytometry to detect the exofacial loop of the GLUT4 protein, we showed ineffective insertion in the membrane under these conditions. Supplementing with nitric oxide improved insertion in the membrane but not glucose uptake. We concluded that activation of AMPK via AICAR or ZMP was not sufficient to induce GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in isolated cardiomyocytes. Nitric oxide plays a role in proper insertion of the protein in the membrane but not in glucose uptake.
|
['Adenylate Kinase', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Transporter Type 4', 'Male', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 20,532,430
|
[['D08.811.913.696.650.025'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A11.251'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D12.776.157.530.500.500.937', 'D12.776.157.530.937.563.937', 'D12.776.543.585.500.500.937', 'D12.776.543.585.937.625.937'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pediatric emergency medicine: a developing subspecialty.
|
Questionnaires were sent to 245 North American institutions with pediatric residency programs. There was a 69% response rate. Pediatric emergency care is provided in three types of facilities: emergency departments in pediatric hospitals, separate pediatric emergency departments or combined pediatric and adult emergency departments, in multidisciplinary hospitals. There are at least 262 pediatricians practicing full-time pediatric emergency medicine. The majority work in pediatric emergency departments, an average of 30.7 clinical hours per week. There are 27 pediatric emergency medicine programs with 46 fellows in training and 117 full-time positions available for emergency pediatricians throughout North America. Varying qualifications for these positions include board eligibility in pediatrics, certification in Basic Life Support or Advanced Trauma Life Support, and a fellowship in pediatric emergency medicine. The demonstrated need for pediatricians, preferably trained in emergency care, clearly indicates that pediatric emergency medicine is a rapidly developing subspecialty of Pediatrics that will be an attractive career choice for future pediatricians.
|
['Adult', 'Canada', 'Emergency Medicine', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Fellowships and Scholarships', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Medicine', 'Pediatrics', 'Specialization', 'United States']
| 2,748,264
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['H02.403.250'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336', 'N02.421.297.195', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336'], ['N03.219.483.838.276'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['H02.403'], ['H02.403.670'], ['H02.811'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Data mining in the MetaCyc family of pathway databases.
|
Pathway databases collect the bioreactions and molecular interactions that define the processes of life. The MetaCyc family of pathway databases consists of thousands of databases that were derived through computational inference of metabolic pathways from the MetaCyc pathway/genome database (PGDB). In some cases, these DBs underwent subsequent manual curation. Curated pathway DBs are now available for most of the major model organisms. Databases in the MetaCyc family are managed using the Pathway Tools software. This chapter presents methods for performing data mining on the MetaCyc family of pathway DBs. We discuss the major data access mechanisms for the family, which include data files in multiple formats; application programming interfaces (APIs) for the Lisp, Java, and Perl languages; and web services. We present an overview of the Pathway Tools schema, an understanding of which is needed to query the DBs. The chapter also presents several interactive data mining tools within Pathway Tools for performing omics data analysis.
|
['Animals', 'Arabidopsis', 'Computational Biology', 'Data Mining', 'Databases, Genetic', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genome, Fungal', 'Genome, Human', 'Genome, Plant', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Mice', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Software']
| 23,192,547
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.313.500.750.280.199', 'L01.470.625'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.325', 'L01.470.750.750.325'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.297'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G05.360.340.358.365'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['G03.493'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.588.570'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Significance of CD66c expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
|
Upon analyzing 696 childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cases, we identified the characteristics of CD66c expression. In addition to the confirmation of strong correlation with BCR-ABL positivity and hyperdiploid, we further observed that CD66c is frequently expressed in CRLF2-positive (11/15, p<0.01 against chimeric gene-negative) as well as hypodiploid cases (3/4), whereas it is never expressed in ETV6-RUNX1, MLL-AF4, MLL-AF9, MLL-ENL, and E2A-PBX1-positive cases. Although the expression of CD66c itself is not directly linked to the prognosis, the accompanying genetic abnormalities are important prognostic factors for BCP-ALL, indicating the importance of CD66c expression in the initial diagnosis of BCP-ALL.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis', 'Receptors, Cytokine', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 24,231,528
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D12.776.930.155.200.200'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.500.500', 'D12.776.602.500.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.500.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.171.500'], ['D12.776.395.550.448', 'D12.776.543.484.500', 'D12.776.543.550.418'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D12.776.260.560', 'D12.776.624.664.700.148', 'D12.776.930.483'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['C04.557.337.428.600', 'C15.604.515.560.600', 'C20.683.515.528.600'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Rational approaches towards reversible inhibition of type B monoamine oxidase. Design and evaluation of a novel 5H-Indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one derivative.
|
The stereoelectronic properties of several potent reversible monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors were studied with a view to develop a pharmacophore model for reversible MAO-B inhibition. This study suggested that important specific H-bond and hydrophobic interactions are required for potent and selective MAO-B inhibition. These requirements were applied in the design and synthesis of a novel reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitor, 3-methyl-8-(4,4,4-trifluoro-butoxy)indeno[1,2-c]pyridazin-5-one, that is ca. 7000 times more selective as an inhibitor for MAO-B than for MAO-A, with K(i(MAO-B)) in the low nanomolar range.
|
['Drug Design', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Bonding', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Kinetics', 'Models, Molecular', 'Monoamine Oxidase', 'Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors', 'Pyridazines', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 12,467,619
|
[['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.282'], ['G02.409'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D08.811.682.664.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.616'], ['D03.383.710'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Echogenic Chitosan Nanodroplets for Spatiotemporally Controlled Gene Delivery.
|
To attain attractive ultrasound-responsive gene delivery, a new kind of echogenic chitosan nanodroplets (CND) was developed to explore the potential to deliver genes in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Self-assembled amphiphilic chitosan micelles of nanoscale size were fabricated to encapsulate hydrophobic perfluoropentane into the inner cores. The resulting CND presented a positive surface charge, enabling the formation of nano-complexes with genetic cargo through electrostatic interactions. Agarose-gel electrophoresis further confirmed the ability of CND to bind DNA. CND was also observed to protect DNA from degradation by nucleases. A temperature-dependent droplet-to-bubble conversion was also demonstrated. More importantly, our study revealed that CND in combination with ultrasound could significantly enhance gene delivery. In conclusion, our study demonstrated a novel carrier with great potential for efficient ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to specific tissues in a spatiotemporally controlled manner.
|
['Chitosan', 'DNA', 'Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions', 'Micelles', 'Nanostructures', 'Ultrasonography']
| 29,944,102
|
[['D05.750.078.139.500', 'D09.698.211.500'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.409'], ['D05.374', 'D26.255.560'], ['J01.637.512'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Role of cattle in the maintenance of Leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo infection in Northern Ireland.
|
Kidneys of cattle, mice and badgers were cultured for leptospires in an attempt to evaluate the relative importance of these species in the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis caused by the Hebdomadis serogroup. Leptospires closely related to serotype hardjo were recovered from 57 (28.5 per cent) of 200 cattle examined but no evidence of infection was found in either badgers or mice, indicating that cattle act as the maintenance host for serotype hardjo. Many cattle were seronegative carriers.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Carrier State', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Leptospira interrogans', 'Leptospirosis', 'Male', 'Northern Ireland', 'Rodent Diseases']
| 7,303,438
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['N06.850.520.169'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['A05.810.453'], ['B03.440.400.425.475.475.400', 'B03.851.475.475.400'], ['C01.150.252.400.794.511'], ['Z01.542.363.602'], ['C22.795']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[Ultrasonographic findings and integration with computerized tomography in pathology of the abdominal wall].
|
Ultrasonography (US) plays a major role in the study of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall. Our experience refers to 150 patients examined over a 5-year period, who were divided into two groups according to disease etiology: 72 patients suffered from iatrogenic and 78 from non-iatrogenic conditions. The first group was mainly composed of alterations caused by anticoagulation therapy, e.g., hematomas, and recent or previous surgery, i.e., 19 incisional hernias and 19 inflammatory-abscess processes. The second group included above all 32 cases of abdominal wall hernia, 18 neoplasms, 13 traumas with abdominal wall involvement only and 12 inflammatory processes. US yielded valuable pieces of information to diagnose iatrogenic conditions, even for small or non-relevant conditions. Moreover, US allowed non-iatrogenic conditions to be located and identified, accurately demonstrating abdominal wall layers involvement. US was also very useful in the patients whose physical examination is of no use or difficult, e.g., in the patients with much pain and trauma or obese patients. CT was used in selected cases only, as a complement to US, when a more detailed spatial assessment of wide or deep lesions was necessary.
|
['Abdominal Muscles', 'Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Hernia, Ventral', 'Humans', 'Iatrogenic Disease', 'Infant', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Panniculitis', 'Rectus Abdominis', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 7,878,236
|
[['A02.633.567.050'], ['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['C23.300.707.374.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.875'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C23.550.470'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C17.300.710', 'C17.800.566'], ['A02.633.567.050.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Protein adsorption and monocyte activation on germanium nanopyramids.
|
Germanium can form defect-free pyramidal islands on Si(1 0 0)-2 x 1 with a height of 15 nm and a width of 60 nm. Using chemical vapor deposition we have prepared substrates with different nanopyramid densities to study the impact on contact angles, protein adsorption and cell behavior. The advancing contact angle of a water droplet of millimeter size significantly raises with nanopyramid density. The dynamic contact angle measurements reveal that the substrate surface is highly hydrophilic. On such a surface the adsorption of hydrophilic proteins, i.e. albumin and globulin, is drastically increased by the presence of nanopyramids. More important, however, the globulin is inactive after adsorption on nanopyramid edges. This observation is supported by the cytokine release of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha of monocyte-like cell line U937. Consequently, the presence of nanopyramidal structures gives rise to less inflammatory reactions.
|
['Adsorption', 'Animals', 'Biocompatible Materials', 'Cattle', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Germanium', 'Humans', 'Materials Testing', 'Microscopy, Atomic Force', 'Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling', 'Monocytes', 'Proteins', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Surface Properties', 'U937 Cells', 'gamma-Globulins']
| 11,456,071
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['B01.050'], ['D25.130', 'D27.720.102.130', 'J01.637.051.130'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['D01.268.513.750', 'D01.268.556.305', 'D01.552.544.305'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.400', 'E05.595.666.400'], ['E01.370.350.515.666.500', 'E05.595.666.500'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['G02.860'], ['A11.251.210.190.880', 'A11.251.860.180.880', 'A11.627.482.665.500', 'A11.627.624.249.500', 'A11.627.635.675.750.500'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.397', 'D12.776.124.790.651.397', 'D12.776.377.715.548.397']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Treatment of advanced cancer of the prostate with an analog of LHRH, buserelin].
|
Patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated by means of an LHRH agonist, Buserelin, by nasal administration. The serum testosterone levels were permanently decreased to castration levels in all patients. The objective response rate (CR + PR) was 50%.
|
['Administration, Intranasal', 'Buserelin', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Humans', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Male', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Testosterone']
| 3,087,269
|
[['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320.100', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320.100', 'D12.644.456.460.150', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320.100', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320.100'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Father and two children with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
|
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare form of cyanotic congenital heart disease which, without surgical treatment, has a high mortality in the first year of life. Reports of familial recurrence of TAPVC have involved sibs, first cousins, and twins. This is the first report of TAPVC in a father and his 2 children. The implications for genetic counseling to families with this anomaly and individuals reaching adulthood after repair of TAPVC are considered.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Veins']
| 1,887,837
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.240', 'G05.420.320'], ['C14.240.400', 'C14.280.400', 'C16.131.240.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['A07.015.908.713']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Research and proposal on selective catalytic reduction reactor optimization for industrial boiler.
|
The advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software STAR-CCM+ was used to simulate a denitrification (De-NOx) project for a boiler in this paper, and the simulation result was verified based on a physical model. Two selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactors were developed: reactor 1 was optimized and reactor 2 was developed based on reactor 1. Various indicators, including gas flow field, ammonia concentration distribution, temperature distribution, gas incident angle, and system pressure drop were analyzed. The analysis indicated that reactor 2 was of outstanding performance and could simplify developing greatly. Ammonia injection grid (AIG), the core component of the reactor, was studied; three AIGs were developed and their performances were compared and analyzed. The result indicated that AIG 3 was of the best performance. The technical indicators were proposed for SCR reactor based on the study.IMPLICATIONS: Flow filed distribution, gas incident angle, and temperature distribution are subjected to SCR reactor shape to a great extent, and reactor 2 proposed in this paper was of outstanding performance; ammonia concentration distribution is subjected to ammonia injection grid (AIG) shape, and AIG 3 could meet the technical indicator of ammonia concentration without mounting ammonia mixer. The developments above on the reactor and the AIG are both of great application value and social efficiency.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Air Pollution', 'Ammonia', 'Catalysis', 'China', 'Computer Simulation', 'Denitrification', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Temperature']
| 28,837,396
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.100'], ['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['G02.130'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G02.111.587.250', 'G02.607.560.250', 'G16.500.768.249'], ['D01.339.387', 'D01.625.550.500', 'D01.625.700.500', 'D01.650.550.587.600'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Urgency of carotid endarterectomy for secondary stroke prevention: results from the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network.
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy for preventing recurrent stroke is maximal when surgery is performed within 2 weeks after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack; the benefit is reduced when surgery is delayed >2 weeks and essentially lost if delayed >3 months. Guidelines recommend endarterectomy within 2 weeks poststroke/transient ischemic attack for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. This study examined time to endarterectomy at designated stroke centers as a measure of evidence-based best practices for stroke prevention.METHODS: From the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network, we identified all consecutive patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack at 12 provincial stroke centers (Ontario, Canada, 2003 to 2006) and selected those with unilateral symptomatic carotid stenosis of moderate (50% to 69%) or severe (70% to 99%) degree. Using linkages to administrative databases, we identified patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy within 6 months after the symptomatic event and calculated the time intervals between the index event and surgery. We compared the timing of surgery according to age, sex, degree of stenosis, index event, geographic region, and year. Logistic regression assessed variables associated with early surgery.RESULTS: One hundred five patients underwent endarterectomy for unilateral symptomatic carotid stenosis (50% to 99%) within 6 months of the index event. The median time from index event to surgery was 30 days (interquartile range, 10 to 81). Only one third (38 of 105) received endarterectomy within the recommended 2-week target timeframe, and in one fourth (26 of 105), surgery was delayed >3 months. Surgery within 2 weeks was more likely if the index event was a transient ischemic attack rather than a stroke. Access to early endarterectomy varied markedly between hospitals across the province and improved over time from 2003 to 2006.CONCLUSIONS: In this hospital-based cohort, the majority of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy after a transient ischemic attack or stroke had surgery delayed well beyond the period of maximum effectiveness. To enhance secondary stroke prevention, greater efforts are needed to minimize delays to diagnosis and surgical treatment for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.
|
['Aged', 'Canada', 'Cohort Studies', 'Community Networks', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']
| 19,542,057
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['I01.880.853.500.300', 'L01.313.500.750.300.184', 'N02.421.143.202'], ['N02.421.297'], ['E04.100.814.456.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Does the "why" tell us the "when"?
|
Traditional approaches to human causal reasoning assume that the perception of temporal order informs judgments of causal structure. In this article, we present two experiments in which people followed the opposite inferential route: Perceptual judgments of temporal order were instead influenced by causal beliefs. By letting participants freely interact with a software-based "physics world," we induced stable causal beliefs that subsequently determined participants' reported temporal order of events, even when this led to a reversal of the objective temporal order. We argue that for short timescales, even when temporal-resolution capabilities suffice, the perception of temporal order is distorted to fit existing causal beliefs.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Perception', 'Time Factors', 'Time Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 23,804,958
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.463.593'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of four phenotypic methods to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC â-lactamases in clinical isolates.
|
Four phenotypic methods (three dimensional test, AmpC test, cloxacillin synergy test and cefotetan/cefotetan-cloxacillin E-test) to detect plasmid-mediated AmpC â-lactamases (pAmpC) were compared in 125 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates with AmpC profile: 74 E. coli (bla (CMY-2): 70; bla (DHA-1): 4), five K. pneumoniae (bla (CMY-2): 2; bla (DHA-1): 3), six P. mirabilis (bla (CMY-2): 6) and 40 negative isolates for pAmpC â-lactamases. All evaluated methods showed a good sensitivity (>95%) but low values of specificity (<60%) in E. coli, explained by an increase of AmpC expression caused by chromosomal ampC promoter/attenuator mutations (-42, -18, -1, +58, predominantly). The cefotetan/cefotetan-cloxacillin or cloxacillin synergy test may be advocated as phenotypic screening test, and the AmpC test as confirmatory test for detection of pAmpC in isolates that lack or minimally express chromosomally encoded AmpC â-lactamases. In the case of E. coli, the phenotypic evaluated tests were not able to differentiate between chromosomal ampC overexpression or acquisition of plasmid-encoded ampC genes.
|
['Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Enterobacteriaceae', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Plasmids', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 22,278,294
|
[['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G05.360.600'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157 infection and the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome, Minnesota.
|
BACKGROUND: Infection with Escherichia coli O157 (O157) can lead to the development of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Treating O157 infections with antibiotics is a possible risk factor for HUS development; however, previous studies evaluating this relationship have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this study was to further evaluate this issue.METHODS: An age-matched case-case comparison study comprising Minnesota residents less than 20 years of age with culture-confirmed O157 infection who did (n = 66) or did not (n = 129) subsequently develop HUS was conducted. Subjects were identified through statewide surveillance activities by the Minnesota Department of Health from 1996 to 2002.RESULTS: Overall antibiotic treatment was not associated with the development of HUS. Self-reported vomiting and female gender were significantly associated with the development of HUS. After adjustment for illness severity and gender, subjects who developed HUS were more likely to have been treated only with bactericidal antibiotics within the first 3 days (adjusted matched odds ratio [OR], 12.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-110.3) or within the first 7 days (OR, 18.0; 95% CI, 1.9-170.9) after the onset of diarrhea. In particular, the use of â-lactams (penicillins or cephalosporins) in the first 3 days after diarrhea onset was also significant after adjustment (OR, 11.3; 95% CI, 1.2-106.7).CONCLUSIONS: Individuals infected with O157 infection presenting with a more severe illness were at an increased risk of developing HUS. The use of bactericidal antibiotics, particularly â-lactams, to treat O157 infection was associated with the subsequent development of HUS.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Escherichia coli O157', 'Female', 'Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Minnesota', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult', 'beta-Lactams']
| 21,892,124
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300.800.250.500', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100.800.250.500'], ['C12.777.419.936.463', 'C13.351.968.419.936.463', 'C15.378.071.141.610', 'C15.378.140.855.925.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.510', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.510'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['M01.060.116.815'], ['D02.065.589.099', 'D02.886.108', 'D03.633.100.300']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase confer salt tolerance in maize grown on salt-affected fields.
|
Salt stress is one of the major constraints hampering agricultural production owing to its impact on ethylene production and nutritional imbalance. A check on the accelerated ethylene production in plants could be helpful in minimizing the negative effect of salt stress on plant growth and development. Four Pseudomonas, 1 Flavobacterium, and 1 Enterobacter strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase were selected and their effects on growth and yield of maize were investigated to improve the salt tolerance of maize grown on salt-affected fields. The selected rhizobacterial isolates reduced or eliminated the classical "triple" response, indicating their ability to reduce stress-induced ethylene levels. Results showed that rhizobacterial strains, particularly Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp., significantly promoted the growth and yield of maize compared with the non-inoculated control. Pseudomonas fluorescens increased plant height, biomass, cob yield, grain yield, 1000 grain mass, and straw yield of maize up to 29%, 127%, 67%, 60%, 17%, and 166%, respectively, over the control. Under stress conditions, more N, P, and K uptake and high K+-Na+ ratios were recorded in inoculated plants compared with the control. The results imply that inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase could be a useful approach for improving growth and yield of maize under salt-stressed conditions.
|
['Agriculture', 'Alphaproteobacteria', 'Carbon-Carbon Lyases', 'Pakistan', 'Salt Tolerance', 'Soil Microbiology', 'Symbiosis', 'Zea mays']
| 19,940,939
|
[['J01.040'], ['B03.660.050'], ['D08.811.520.224'], ['Z01.252.245.723'], ['G07.025.133.250', 'G07.775.813.500', 'G16.012.500.133.250'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.555', 'N06.850.425.300'], ['G06.550.800', 'G16.840'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Smooth muscle differentiation in human myometrium and uterine leiomyoma.
|
Smooth muscle differentiation has been analysed in human myometrium and leiomyoma by Western blotting with antibodies to smooth muscle specific proteins. No differences in the expression of h-caldesmon, metavinculin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and calponin were observed. The technique of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used, therefore, to further analyse differences between normal smooth muscle cells and their neoplastic counterparts. By comparing the protein patterns of normal myometrium and leiomyoma, it was possible to identify a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 27 kD that is selectively expressed in normal uterine smooth muscle cells. This protein proved to be a low molecular weight variant of calponin, a smooth muscle specific protein of as yet unknown function. Its immediate downregulation in tissue culture of normal myometrium points to a possible role in the process of dedifferentiation.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leiomyoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Proteins', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myometrium', 'Uterine Neoplasms']
| 8,401,813
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.152'], ['E05.196.401.250', 'E05.301.300.230'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.450.590.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.210.500'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['A02.633.570.500', 'A05.360.319.679.690', 'A10.690.467.500'], ['C04.588.945.418.948', 'C13.351.500.852.762', 'C13.351.937.418.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tetrahedral-shaped anions as a template in the synthesis of high-nuclearity silver(I) dithiophosphate clusters.
|
Novel Ag(32) clusters, [Ag(16)(EO(4)){S(2)P(OEt)(2)}(12)](2) (PF(6))(4) (E = S, 1; Se, 2) and [Ag(16)(MO(4)){S(2)P(OEt)(2)}(12)](2)(PF(6))(4) (M = Cr, 3; Mo, 4), were prepared in situ from the addition of a tetrahedral-shaped anion as a template to the pentanuclear extended chain [Ag(5){S(2)P(OEt)(2)}(4)](n)(PF(6))(n).
|
['Anions', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Models, Molecular', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Phosphates', 'Silver']
| 21,268,655
|
[['D01.248.497.158'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['E05.599.595'], ['D02.691'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of a neuron.
|
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a commonly used measure of fidelity in physical systems, is defined as the ratio of the squared amplitude or variance of a signal relative to the variance of the noise. This definition is not appropriate for neural systems in which spiking activity is more accurately represented as point processes. We show that the SNR estimates a ratio of expected prediction errors and extend the standard definition to one appropriate for single neurons by representing neural spiking activity using point process generalized linear models (PP-GLM). We estimate the prediction errors using the residual deviances from the PP-GLM fits. Because the deviance is an approximate ÷(2) random variable, we compute a bias-corrected SNR estimate appropriate for single-neuron analysis and use the bootstrap to assess its uncertainty. In the analyses of four systems neuroscience experiments, we show that the SNRs are -10 dB to -3 dB for guinea pig auditory cortex neurons, -18 dB to -7 dB for rat thalamic neurons, -28 dB to -14 dB for monkey hippocampal neurons, and -29 dB to -20 dB for human subthalamic neurons. The new SNR definition makes explicit in the measure commonly used for physical systems the often-quoted observation that single neurons have low SNRs. The neuron's spiking history is frequently a more informative covariate for predicting spiking propensity than the applied stimulus. Our new SNR definition extends to any GLM system in which the factors modulating the response can be expressed as separate components of a likelihood function.
|
['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Auditory Cortex', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Neurons', 'Signal-To-Noise Ratio']
| 25,995,363
|
[['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.814.249', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['E05.318.370.800.875', 'E05.318.740.872.875', 'G17.800.500', 'N05.715.360.325.700.840', 'N05.715.360.750.725.750', 'N06.850.520.445.800.875', 'N06.850.520.830.872.750']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with antiviral activity against fish nodavirus.
|
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is classified as betanodavirus of Nodaviridae, and has caused mass mortality of numerous marine fish species at larval stage. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role of innate immunity either against bacterial pathogens or viruses. Up to date, little is known if any AMP could effectively inhibit fish nodaviruses and its mechanism. In this study, the antiviral activities of three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against grouper NNV (GNNV) were screened in the fish cell line. Two of the three AMPs, tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5) and cyclic shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (cSALF), were able to agglutinate purified NNV particles into clump, and the clumps were further confirmed to be viral proteins by TEM and Western blot. The NNV solution, separately pre-mixed with AMP (TH 1-5 or cSALF) or deionized-distilled water for 1 h, was used to infect GF-1 cells, and the levels of capsid protein in the GNNV-AMP-infected cells at 1 h post infection were much lower than that in the GNNV-H(2)O-infected cells, indicating that only a small portion of viral particles in the GNNV-AMP mixture could successfully infected the cells. Treatment of cBB cells with TH 1-5 and cSALF did not induce Mx gene expression; however, grouper epinecidin-1 (CP643-1) could induce the expression of Mx in the pre-treated cBB cells. This study revealed three AMPs with anti-NNV activity through two different mechanisms, and shed light on the future application in aquaculture.
|
['Adsorption', 'Agglutination', 'Animals', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Culture Media', 'Fish Diseases', 'Fishes', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Myxovirus Resistance Proteins', 'Nodaviridae', 'RNA Virus Infections', 'Salts', 'Solubility', 'Viral Load']
| 20,004,246
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['G02.111.026', 'G12.122.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.644.050', 'D12.776.543.695.054'], ['D27.505.954.122.388'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['C22.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300', 'D12.776.157.325'], ['G05.308'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.550', 'D12.776.157.325.636'], ['B04.525.515', 'B04.820.578.625'], ['C01.925.782'], ['D01.786'], ['G02.805'], ['E01.370.225.875.950', 'E05.200.875.950', 'G06.920.850']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Neuralgia after inguinal hernia repair.
|
Severe chronic pain after groin hernia repair is uncommon but potentially debilitating. Fifteen patients with this condition were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had severe pain, which prevented their working or normal activity and was refractory to nonoperative treatment. Essentials of therapy included 1) a preoperative attempt to identify the involved nerve and 2) high ligation and division of the involved nerve identified at exploration. Twelve patients obtained excellent results and were able to return to normal activity with no requirement for analgesia. Understanding of the typical nerve anatomy, as well as the individual variation in nerve anatomy, can help prevent this complication and is essential for correction if the complication does develop.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Humans', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Compression Syndromes', 'Neuralgia', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,712,565
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.426'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.668.829.550'], ['C10.668.829.600', 'C23.888.592.612.664'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasA: a second elastase under the transcriptional control of lasR.
|
The full elastolytic phenotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires lasB, the structural gene for elastase, its transcriptional activator lasR, and lasA. The lasB gene was insertionally inactivated with the omega fragment and this mutated gene introduced into the P. aeruginosa chromosome. Replacement of the wild-type gene with the inactivated gene was verified by Southern analysis and confirmed by lack of elastase antigen on Western blots and lack of activity in liquid assays. The mutant did, however, retain elastolytic activity on elastin plates. This residual activity was abolished by inactivation of lasB in PAO-E64, a lasA-deficient mutant, demonstrating that it was due to the lasA gene product. Northern analysis demonstrated that, like lasB, lasA is transcriptionally controlled by the lasR gene product.
|
['Blotting, Northern', 'Blotting, Southern', 'Blotting, Western', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Immunoblotting', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Pancreatic Elastase', 'Plasmids', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 1,766,376
|
[['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.308.300'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.560', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.560'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['D12.776.930'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Psychological reactions in women undergoing fetal magnetic resonance imaging.
|
OBJECTIVE: To investigate women's psychological reactions when undergoing fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to estimate whether certain groups, based on clinical and sociodemographic variables, differ in their subjective experiences with fetal MRI and in their anxiety levels related to the scanning procedure.METHODS: This study is a prospective cohort investigation of 62 women before and immediately after fetal MRI. Anxiety levels and subjective experiences were measured by questionnaires. Groups based on clinical and sociodemographic variables were compared with regard to anxiety levels and to the scores on the Prescan and Postscan Imaging Distress Questionnaire.RESULTS: Anxiety scores before fetal MRI were 8.8 points higher than those of the female, nonclinical, norm population (P<.001). The severity of the referral diagnosis showed a linearly increasing effect on anxiety level before MRI (weighted linear term: F1,59=5.325, P=.025). Magnetic resonance imaging was experienced as unpleasant by 33.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 21.2-46.6%) and as hardly bearable by 4.8% (95% CI 0-17.5%) of the women. Physical restraint (49.9%, 95% CI 37.4-62.4%), noise level (53.2%, 95% CI 40.7-65.7%), anxiety for the infant (53.2%, 95% CI 40.7-65.7%), and the duration of the examination (51.6%, 95% CI 39.1-64.1%) were major distressing factors.CONCLUSION: Women who undergo fetal magnetic resonance imaging experience considerable distress, especially those with poor fetal prognoses. Ongoing technical developments, such as a reduction of noise, shortening the duration of the MRI, and a more comfortable position in open MRI machines, may have the potential to improve the subjective experiences of women during fetal MRI.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Health', 'Austria', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Noise', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnant Women', 'Prospective Studies', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors']
| 18,238,978
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.470.132'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.542.088'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.171'], ['A16.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['G01.750.770.776.567', 'G16.500.275.600', 'N06.230.400', 'N06.850.460.610'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.975.807'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Diffusion driven oscillations in gene regulatory networks.
|
Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) play an important role in maintaining cellular function by correctly timing key processes such as cell division and apoptosis. GRNs are known to contain similar structural components, which describe how genes and proteins within a network interact - typically by feedback. In many GRNs, proteins bind to gene-sites in the nucleus thereby altering the transcription rate. If the binding reduces the transcription rate there is a negative feedback leading to oscillatory behaviour in mRNA and protein levels, both spatially (e.g. by observing fluorescently labelled molecules in single cells) and temporally (e.g. by observing protein/mRNA levels over time). Mathematical modelling of GRNs has focussed on such oscillatory behaviour. Recent computational modelling has demonstrated that spatial movement of the molecules is a vital component of GRNs, while it has been proved rigorously that the diffusion coefficient of the protein/mRNA acts as a bifurcation parameter and gives rise to a Hopf-bifurcation. In this paper we consider the spatial aspect further by considering the specific location of gene and protein production, showing that there is an optimum range for the distance between an mRNA gene-site and a protein production site in order to achieve oscillations. We first present a model of a well-known GRN, the Hes1 system, and then extend the approach to examine spatio-temporal models of synthetic GRNs e.g. n-gene repressilator and activator-repressor systems. By incorporating the idea of production sites into such models we show that the spatial component is vital to fully understand GRN dynamics.
|
['Animals', 'Computer Simulation', 'Diffusion', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Humans', 'Models, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Repressor Proteins', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription Factor HES-1']
| 27,449,790
|
[['B01.050'], ['L01.224.160'], ['G01.202', 'G02.196'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.080.689.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.260.703', 'D12.776.930.780'], ['G16.824'], ['D12.776.260.103.844', 'D12.776.930.125.844']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Failure of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 to prevent inhibitory effect of ethanol on sodium transport in canine gastric mucosa.
|
By use of an in vitro canine gastric mucosal preparation, we evaluated the effects of ethanol (2, 4, 6, and 8%, vol/vol) and indomethacin (2.2 X 10(-4)M), with and without 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 pretreatment, on net sodium transport (JNanet) (mucosal to serosal) across gastric epithelium. Although administration of 2 or 4% ethanol to the mucosal bathing solution had no appreciable inhibitory effects on sodium transport, 6 and 8% ethanol and indomethacin significantly inhibited JNanet when compared with untreated control mucosa. This effect was accompanied by inhibition of transmucosal potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (Isc). In other mucosae exposed to dimethyl PGE2 (8 X 10(-6) M) in the serosal bathing solution, significant increases in JNanet, PD, and Isc were noted when compared with control mucosa. Addition of 6 or 8% ethanol to the mucosal solution of dimethyl PGE2-pretreated tissue resulted in significant decreases in PD, Isc, and JNanet below control values that were not significantly different from mucosa exposed to 6 and 8% ethanol without PG pretreatment. When indomethacin was added to the mucosal solution following dimethyl PGE2 pretreatment, only slight decreases in PD and Isc below control levels were observed, and the inhibitory effects on JNanet induced by indomethacin without such treatment were abolished. These findings suggest that stimulation of JNanet by prostaglandin may play a role in its ability to prevent indomethacin damage to gastric epithelium but does not appear to be of importance in mediating protection against ethanol damage.
|
['16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2', 'Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Dogs', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Indomethacin', 'Ion Channels', 'Male', 'Premedication', 'Prostaglandins E, Synthetic', 'Sodium', 'Time Factors']
| 2,579,579
|
[['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.300', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.300', 'D23.469.700.660.200'], ['B01.050'], ['G03.143.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['D02.033.375'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['E02.319.703'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450', 'D23.469.700.660'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Occurrence of beta-casein fragments in cold-stored and curdled river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.) milk.
|
The safeguard of river buffalo Mozzarella cheese, a Protected Designation of Origin dairy product, has prompted an analytical study to trace the milk and curd used as raw material in cheesemaking. This is to prevent the illegal use of milk or curd from different geographical areas outside of those indicated in the official production protocol. For this purpose, we studied primary proteolysis occurring in fresh and frozen milk and curd to identify a molecular marker that could indicate the raw material used. Whole casein from frozen river buffalo milk was separated using cation-exchange chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, and a protein component with an estimated molecular weight of 15.3 kDa was detected. This protein component was revealed in fresh river buffalo milk as a faint electrophoresis band, which drastically increased in intensity in refrigerated and frozen milk as well as in curd and was found to be associated with beta-CN through hydrophobic interaction. By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight peptide mass mapping, this component was identified as the C-terminal fragment f(69-209) of beta-CN (expected molecular weight of 15,748.8 Da). beta-Casein f(69-209), originating from the early hydrolysis of Lys(68)-Ser(69) by plasmin, has no counterpart in bovine milk. The increased rate of hydrolysis by plasmin toward the cleavage site Lys(68)-Ser(69) has to be ascribed to the elevated proline content of the peptide 61-73. The favored production of beta-CN f(69-209) has also drawn attention to the complementary proteose peptone beta-CN f(1-68) that is presumed to play a physiological role in inducing milk secretion similar to that of beta-CN f(1-29). The higher in vivo and in vitro production rate, compared with gamma(1)-CN formation, indicates that beta-CN f(69-209) and its complementary fragment are candidate molecular markers to evaluate milk and curd freshness. We suggested [corrected] indirect ELISA analysis based on the determination of remaining nonhydrolyzed beta-CN to perform a quantitative evaluation of proteolysis.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Buffaloes', 'Caseins', 'Cattle', 'Cheese', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Cold Temperature', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Food Handling', 'Food Technology', 'Milk', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']
| 19,307,613
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.135'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.200.500.444', 'G07.203.300.350.300.444', 'J02.350.500.444', 'J02.500.350.300.444'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['J01.576.423.200'], ['J01.576.423.850'], ['A12.200.455', 'A12.790', 'G07.203.100.700', 'G07.203.300.350.525', 'J02.200.700', 'J02.500.350.525'], ['E05.196.566.755']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Controversies concerning the comma. The voice in the discussion].
|
In the article, a case is presented, which was assessed in accordance with the Constitutional Tribunal sentence of July 7th, 2003. Due to an essential change in the legal system entailing a return to the contents of art. 156 section 1 p. 2 of the Penal Code resolved on June 6th, 1997, this sentence caused the forming of the opinions which are medically illogical and contradictory to medico-legal experience.
|
['Crime', 'Criminal Law', 'Forensic Medicine', 'Homicide', 'Humans', 'Poland', 'Semantics', 'Terminology as Topic']
| 14,971,303
|
[['I01.198.240', 'I01.880.735.191'], ['I01.198.290', 'I01.880.604.583.100'], ['H02.403.330', 'I01.198.780.937'], ['I01.198.240.470', 'I01.880.735.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.248.679'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['L01.559.598.400']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Composition and antibacterial activity of Abies balsamea essential oil.
|
The antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Abies balsamea (balsam fir) was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The essential oil of A. balsamea was found to be inactive against E. coli (>100 microg/mL) and active against S. aureus, with an MIC of 56 microg/mL. The oil composition was analysed by GC-MS and the antibacterial activity of each oil constituent was determined. The essential oil of A. balsamea is essentially constituted of monoterpenes (>96%) and some sesquiterpenes. beta-pinene (29.9%), delta-3-carene (19.6%) and alpha-pinene (14.6%) were the major components. beta-pinene and delta-3-carene were found inactive against both bacteria strains. However, three constituents of the essential oil were active against S. aureus: alpha-pinene, beta-caryophyllene (0.4%) and alpha-humulene (0.2%) with MIC values of 13.6 microg/mL, 5.1 microg/mL and 2.6 microg/mL, respectively.
|
['Abies', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Components, Aerial', 'Plant Oils', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 16,619,365
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.033'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['E02.190.755'], ['A18.024'], ['D10.627.700', 'D20.215.784.750'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adenoma detection rate: the real indicator of quality in colonoscopy.
|
PURPOSE: Completion rate is the most commonly used index of quality in colonoscopy, and yet a complete examination is not necessarily a good examination. The ability to detect and treat adenomas is an important component of endoscopic skill, because many colonoscopies are performed for this express purpose. Adenoma detection rate is rarely reported, although it seems to depend on the time taken for withdrawal. The literature suggests that adenomas should be detected in approximately 25 percent of men and 15 percent of women older than age 50 years. We have reviewed the adenoma detection rates of six colorectal surgeons to provide insight into the range of adenoma detection rates and the factors that influence them.METHODS: A prospective departmental colonoscopy database was queried. Colonoscopy completion rates, adenoma detection rates, and times of insertion and withdrawal were noted and stratified by the six staff colonoscopists. Adenoma detection rates were tabulated for the four common indications for colonoscopy.RESULTS: Each staff endoscopist performed >250 examinations per year and had performed >1,000 total examinations. Although completion rates are fairly uniform (mean, 96.5 (range, 94.8-97.9) percent), there is a wide range of ADR, especially when adenomas are common (polyp or cancer surveillance; range, 14.2-27.4 percent). With the exclusion of one outlier staff, regression of withdrawal time against adenoma detection rate produced an r(2) of 0.975 (P = 0.0016).CONCLUSIONS: Adenoma detection rate is independent of completion rate as a colonoscopy quality indicator. There is a wide range of adenoma detection rates among experienced colorectal surgeons. Colonoscopists need to be aware of their adenoma detection rate.
|
['Adenoma', 'Clinical Competence', 'Colonoscopy', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality Indicators, Health Care', 'Time Factors']
| 18,500,502
|
[['C04.557.470.035'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.761.789', 'N05.715.760'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Tumor Cell Autonomous RON Receptor Expression Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth Under Conditions of Androgen Deprivation.
|
Current treatment strategies provide minimal results for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Attempts to target the androgen receptor have shown promise, but resistance ultimately develops, often due to androgen receptor reactivation. Understanding mechanisms of resistance, including androgen receptor reactivation, is crucial for development of more efficacious CRPC therapies. Here, we report that the RON receptor tyrosine kinase is highly expressed in the majority of human hormone-refractory prostate cancers. Further, we show that exogenous expression of RON in human and murine prostate cancer cells circumvents sensitivity to androgen deprivation and promotes prostate cancer cell growth in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Conversely, RON loss induces sensitivity of CRPC cells to androgen deprivation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that RON overexpression leads to activation of multiple oncogenic transcription factors (namely, â-catenin and NF-êB), which are sufficient to drive androgen receptor nuclear localization and activation of AR responsive genes under conditions of androgen deprivation and support castration-resistant growth. In total, this study demonstrates the functional significance of RON during prostate cancer progression and provides a strong rationale for targeting RON signaling in prostate cancer as a means to limit resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
|
['Androgens', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'NF-kappa B', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant', 'Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcriptional Regulator ERG', 'beta Catenin']
| 30,121,008
|
[['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D05.500.672', 'D12.776.260.600', 'D12.776.660.600', 'D12.776.930.600'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['C04.588.945.440.770.500', 'C12.294.260.750.500', 'C12.294.565.625.500', 'C12.758.409.750.500'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630'], ['D12.776.826.750.150'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.260.755.100', 'D12.776.930.900.625'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 4-substituted furano[3,2-c] tetrahydroquinolines as potential anti-cancer agents.
|
A convenient and mild method for the synthesis of substituted furano [3,2-c]tetrahydroquinoline derivatives was developed, using the multi-component Povarov reaction. Of the synthesized tetrahydroquinoline derivatives, compound 10a displayed the greatest cellular proliferation inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.5-16.7 ìmol/l. In addition, 10a induced murine C6 glioma cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by up-regulating the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and by down-regulating Bcl-2. Our findings suggest that these novel compounds have potential as therapeutic agents via inducing mitochondrial apoptosis.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Furans', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Mice', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Structure', 'Quinolines']
| 26,207,511
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383.312'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D03.633.100.810']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High-resolution structure prediction of â
|
[Formula: see text]-Barrel membrane proteins ([Formula: see text]MPs) play important roles, but knowledge of their structures is limited. We have developed a method to predict their 3D structures. We predict strand registers and construct transmembrane (TM) domains of [Formula: see text]MPs accurately, including proteins for which no prediction has been attempted before. Our method also accurately predicts structures from protein families with a limited number of sequences and proteins with novel folds. An average main-chain rmsd of 3.48 ? is achieved between predicted and experimentally resolved structures of TM domains, which is a significant improvement ([Formula: see text]3 ?) over a recent study. For [Formula: see text]MPs with NMR structures, the deviation between predictions and experimentally solved structures is similar to the difference among the NMR structures, indicating excellent prediction accuracy. Moreover, we can now accurately model the extended [Formula: see text]-barrels and loops in non-TM domains, increasing the overall coverage of structure prediction by [Formula: see text]%. Our method is general and can be applied to genome-wide structural prediction of [Formula: see text]MPs.
|
['Fimbriae Proteins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Models, Molecular', 'Protein Conformation, beta-Strand', 'Protein Domains', 'Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels']
| 29,378,944
|
[['D12.776.097.120.425', 'D12.776.543.100.300'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.599.595'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600.750'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.750', 'G02.111.570.820.709.610.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.500.520', 'D12.776.543.550.450.730.520', 'D12.776.543.585.400.730.520']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of tumor necrosis factor on system ASC-mediated glutamine transport by human fibroblasts.
|
The effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) on glutamine GLN transport by cultured human fibroblasts were studied. Uptake of 3H-GLN was assayed in both the presence and absence of sodium in order to differentiate Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent transport systems. GLN transport was linear (r = 0.99) for at least 15 min and occurred predominantly via a single Na(+)-dependent pathway, consistent with System ASC. Incubation of fibroblasts with TNF (1000 units/ml) for 12 hr resulted in a significant decrease in system ASC-mediated glutamine transport activity. TNF did not alter cell morphology or protein content. Kinetic studies indicated that the decrease in carrier-mediated Na(+)-dependent GLN transport was not due to a change in transporter affinity (Km = 117 +/- 23 microM in controls vs 86 +/- 23 microM in TNF, P = NS), but instead to a 45% decrease in maximal transport rate (Vmax = 4088 +/- 354 pmole/mg protein/30 sec in controls vs 2230 +/- 510 in TNF, P less than 0.05). TNF also decreased Na(+)-independent transport by 50% (mean uptake of 50 microM GLN = 94 +/- 13 pmole/mg protein/30 sec in controls vs 46 +/- 6 in TNF, P less than 0.02). In human fibroblasts, the activity of System ASC, which has generally been viewed as a hormonally unresponsive carrier, is decreased by TNF. This impairment in glutamine transport may result in inadequate amounts of intracellular glutamine to support fibroblast metabolism and possibly function.
|
['Amino Acid Transport Systems', 'Biological Transport', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Glutamine', 'Humans', 'Skin', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']
| 1,593,872
|
[['D12.776.157.530.200', 'D12.776.543.585.200'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.329.228'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A17.815'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estimation of cellulase activity using a glucose-oxidase-Cu(II) reducing assay for glucose.
|
In the presence of the Cu(I)-chelating agent neocuproine (2,10-dimethyl-1,9-phenanthroline) hydrogen peroxide acts as a reductant of Cu(II). The reaction does not proceed in the absence of neocuproine and the addition of EDTA to the reaction mixture prior to addition of Cu(II) also inhibits the reduction. Colour development can be arrested and stabilized by addition of EDTA. The reaction can be used to estimate hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the range 0.68-6.8 micrograms/ml and glucose concentrations in the range 3.6-36 micrograms/ml (20-200 microM). Horseradish peroxidase is not required for the peroxide assay but glucose oxidase must be used for glucose estimations. Thermostable cellulase activity has been estimated at 60 degrees C against cellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose and cellulose substrates by estimation of the glucose released from the substrates.
|
['Cellulase', 'Copper', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phenanthrolines', 'Reference Standards', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 1,770,197
|
[['D08.811.277.450.420.200.200'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['G02.300'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D03.633.300.669'], ['E05.978.808'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Assessment of the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) and the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III score for prediction of mortality in a paediatric intensive care unit in Hong Kong.
|
OBJECTIVE: To compare two models (The Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score and Pediatric Index of Mortality) for prediction of mortality in a paediatric intensive care unit in Hong Kong.DESIGN: Prospective case series.SETTING: A five-bed paediatric intensive care unit in a general hospital in Hong Kong.PATIENTS: All patients consecutively admitted to the unit between April 2001 and March 2003.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores for both models compared with observed mortality.RESULTS: A total of 303 patients were admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit during the study period. The median age was 2 years, with an interquartile range of 7 months to 7 years. The male to female ratio was 169:134 (55.8%:44.2%). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. The overall predicted number of deaths using The Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score was 10.2 patients whereas that by Pediatric Index of Mortality was 13.2 patients. The observed mortality was eight patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the two models was 0.910 and 0.912, respectively.CONCLUSION: The predicted mortality using both prediction models correlated well with the observed mortality.
|
['Child', 'Child Mortality', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Pediatric', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Severity of Illness Index']
| 15,815,062
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.287', 'N01.224.935.698.150', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.287', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.287'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnostic accuracy study of internal assessment using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether internal assessment as a part of continuous assessment links to the outcome of the final summative assessment.METHODS: The diagnostic accuracy study was conducted at Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from November 2015 to July 2016, and comprised medical students of 2nd year. Different teaching methods used were interactive lectures, case-based sessions, demonstrations, small group discussions, skill lab and practicals. Other confounding factors were not considered. Receiver operator characteristic curve was computed to determine diagnostic accuracy of internal assessment for the prediction of examination results..RESULTS: Out of 202 students, 122 (60.4%) were male and 80 (39.6%) were female with an overall mean age of 20.05±0.69 years. Total marks of 2nd professional examination and internal assessment were normally distributed with mean values of 131.71±19.81 and 36.18±8.03 respectively. The cut-off value was 27.5 and at this value, sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 91%.CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic power of internal assessment to identify students who may fail in professional examination was significantly high.
|
['Academic Performance', 'Clinical Competence', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'ROC Curve', 'Students, Medical', 'Young Adult']
| 29,885,169
|
[['I02.399.136'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Improved survival of mesenchymal stem cells by macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
|
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a critical inflammatory cytokine that was recently associated with progenitor cell survival and potently inhibits apoptosis. We examined the protective effect of MIF on hypoxia/serum deprivation (SD)-induced apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as the possible mechanisms. MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow and cultured in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by culturing MSCs under hypoxia/SD conditions for up to 24 h and assessed by flow cytometry. Expression levels of c-Met, Akt, and FOXO3a were detected by Western blotting. CD74 expression was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress under hypoxia/SD was examined by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypoxia/SD-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated by recombinant rat MIF in a concentration-dependent manner. MIF induced CD74-asssociated c-Met activation, which was blocked by knocking down CD74 expression using siRNA. MIF also induced Akt and associated FOXO3a phosphorylation, and this effect was abolished by knocking down either CD74 or Akt. In addition, MIF decreased oxidative stress in MSCs, as shown by decreased ROS and MDA, and increased the activity of SOD. Knockdown of CD74, Akt, or FOXO3a largely attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of MIF and its ability to protect against oxidative stress. MIF protected MSCs from hypoxia/SD-induced apoptosis by interacting with CD74 to stimulate c-Met, leading to downstream PI3K/Akt-FOXO3a signaling and decreased oxidative stress.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Forkhead Box Protein O3', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class II', 'Intramolecular Oxidoreductases', 'Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 25,701,358
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.301.264.051', 'D23.101.100.150'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['G04.346'], ['D12.776.260.950.249.125', 'D12.776.930.977.249.125'], ['D12.776.260.950.249', 'D12.776.930.977.249'], ['D12.776.395.550.509', 'D12.776.543.550.440', 'D23.050.301.500.400', 'D23.050.705.552.410'], ['D08.811.399.475'], ['D12.644.276.374.480.625', 'D12.776.467.374.480.625', 'D23.125.477.500', 'D23.529.374.480.625'], ['D02.047.700'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.075', 'D12.776.543.750.630.186', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.100', 'D12.776.624.664.700.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of human papilloma virus infection in pregnant Turkish women compared with non-pregnant women.
|
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: We aimed to find a prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in order to define the 100 genotypes and subset of 14 oncogenic genotypes in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with non-pregnant women.METHODS: Cervical thin-prep specimens were obtained from 164 women in the first trimester pregnancy and 153 non pregnant women.RESULTS: 29.2% of pregnant versus 19.6% of non-pregnant Turkish women had at least one of the 100 types of HPV infection--a statistically significant difference. The rate of 14 high-risk HPV genotype infections was significantly higher in pregnant (14.6) compared to non-pregnant Turkish women (9.6%).CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant Turkish women are at higher risk for all HPV infections including high-risk cervical cancer genotypes.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Papillomaviridae', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Prevalence', 'Turkey']
| 20,349,784
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.280.210.655', 'B04.613.204.655'], ['C01.925.256.650', 'C01.925.928.725'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C01.674', 'C13.703.700'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
CT appearance of the Syed-Neblett device for interstitial brachytherapy of gynecologic malignancies.
|
Radiation therapy is an important adjuvant treatment for gynecological malignancies. However, the maximum amount of radiation treatment is limited by the side effects to the normal local tissue. We present a brief summary of the use and appearance of the Syed-Neblett intracavitary device. This device allows delivery of radioactive implants to a local tumor resulting in maximum dosage to tumor tissue, but limiting dosage to the surrounding normal tissue.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Brachytherapy', 'Carcinoma', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Second Primary', 'Ovariectomy', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vaginal Neoplasms']
| 9,007,369
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['E02.815.150'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.585', 'C13.351.500.852.762.200', 'C13.351.937.418.875.200'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.692'], ['E04.270.282.685', 'E04.950.165.685', 'E04.950.300.680'], ['E02.815.639'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['C04.588.945.418.955', 'C13.351.500.894.834', 'C13.351.937.418.937']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Stand-alone renal SLICC criterion with full house glomerular deposits: is it enough for childhood lupus nephritis?
|
The objective of this study is to assess the usefulness of the stand-alone renal SLICC criterion in patients with childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) and report their disease course, treatment response, and outcome. This study included children who were followed regularly in our lupus clinic with proved full house glomerular immune deposits nephritis and antinuclear (ANA), or anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). They were compared with patients who diagnosed with cSLE with and without biopsy proven nephritis, based on Systemic Lupus International Collaborating (SLICC). The comparative group selected by systematic sampling from our cSLE database; the first patient was chosen randomly, and the subsequent patients chosen at intervals of three. The two groups were compared in respect to demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, and disease course including response to treatment and outcome using urine protein/creatinine ratio, eGFR, and urine sediments. A total of 37 patients were assessed, six patients met the stand-alone renal SLICC criterion, 18 patients had cSLE with biopsy proven nephritis, and 13 cSLE patients without biopsy proven nephritis. Age of onset and time to diagnosis were comparable. However, patients with stand-alone renal criterion had significantly higher baseline serum creatinine, urine protein/creatinine ratio, and lower ANA titer (p < 0.05). Furthermore, none of the patients had other lupus manifestations. Four patients showed partial response to treatment. Two patients had renal impairment and one patient developed end-stage renal disease. Patients with full house glomerular immune deposits nephritis and ANA, or anti-dsDNA reflect a different disease spectrum with severe renal manifestations and worse outcome. Further large prospective study is required to revisit the validity of the stand-alone renal SLICC criterion in cSLE. KEY POINTS : • There is no definite diagnostic tool for SLE. Furthermore, to date there are no specific classification criteria for cSLE. • It seems that patients who met the stand-alone renal SLICC criterion might represent a distinct disease spectrum with severe renal involvement.
|
['Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Child', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Lupus Nephritis', 'Male']
| 31,637,610
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323.204', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323.204', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323.204'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['C12.777.419.570.363.680', 'C13.351.968.419.570.363.680', 'C17.300.480.680', 'C20.111.590.560']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Physical confinement signals regulate the organization of stem cells in three dimensions.
|
During embryogenesis, the spherical inner cell mass (ICM) proliferates in the confined environment of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the ICM, and mimicking embryogenesis in vitro, mouse ESCs (mESCs) are often cultured in hanging droplets. This promotes the formation of a spheroid as the cells sediment and aggregate owing to increased physical confinement and cell-cell interactions. In contrast, mESCs form two-dimensional monolayers on flat substrates and it remains unclear if the difference in organization is owing to a lack of physical confinement or increased cell-substrate versus cell-cell interactions. Employing microfabricated substrates, we demonstrate that a single geometric degree of physical confinement on a surface can also initiate spherogenesis. Experiment and computation reveal that a balance between cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions finely controls the morphology and organization of mESC aggregates. Physical confinement is thus an important regulatory cue in the three-dimensional organization and morphogenesis of developing cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Aggregation', 'Cell Line', 'Computer Simulation', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Signal Transduction', 'Spheroids, Cellular']
| 27,798,278
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.198.251'], ['A11.251.210'], ['L01.224.160'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.872.700.250.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A11.251.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of community members' willingness to disclose a mental disorder on their psychiatric symptom scores: analysis of data from two randomised controlled trials of mental health first aid training.
|
AIMS: The prevalence of common mental disorders has not declined in high-income countries despite substantial increases in service provision. A possible reason for this lack of improvement is that greater willingness to disclose mental disorders might have led to increased reporting of psychiatric symptoms, thus masking reductions in prevalence. This masking hypothesis was tested using data from two trials of interventions that increased willingness to disclose and that also measured symptoms. Both interventions involved Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training, which is known to reduce stigma, including unwillingness to disclose a mental health problem.METHODS: A cross-lagged panel analysis was carried out on data from two large Australian randomised controlled trials of MHFA training. The first trial involved 1643 high school students in Year 10 (mean age 15.87 years), who were randomised to receive either teen MHFA training or physical first aid training as the control. The second trial involved 608 Australia public servants who were randomised to receive either eLearning MHFA, blended eLearning MHFA or eLearning physical first aid as the control. In both trials, willingness to disclose a mental disorder as described in vignettes and psychiatric symptoms (K6 scale) were measured pre-training, post-training and at 12-month follow-up.RESULTS: Both trials found that MHFA training increased willingness to disclose. However, a cross-lagged panel analysis showed no effect of this change on psychiatric symptom scores.CONCLUSIONS: Greater willingness to disclose did not affect psychiatric symptom scores. Because the trials increased willingness to disclose through a randomly assigned intervention, they provide a strong causal test of the masking hypothesis. It is therefore unlikely that changes in willingness to disclose are masking reductions in prevalence in the population.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Australia', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Self Disclosure', 'Social Stigma', 'Students']
| 31,397,261
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F01.752.747.792.662'], ['F01.145.813.840'], ['M01.848']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Comparison of isoflurane with propofol on respiratory cilia.
|
We have investigated the effects of two techniques of clinical anaesthesia on human respiratory cilia by measuring cilia beat frequency of nasal tissue. In a randomized, controlled study, 13 patients undergoing either inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane or total i.v. anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil had nasal ciliated epithelial samples removed at the beginning and after 1 h of anaesthesia. Mean cilia beat frequency in the group anaesthetized with isoflurane changed significantly from 11.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 10.7-12.2) Hz to 9.1 (8.1-10.1) Hz after anaesthesia whereas in the group anaesthetized with propofol and alfentanil there was a change from 11.5 (10.7-12.2) Hz to 11.0 (10.2-11.8) Hz (ns). The difference between the anaesthetic agents on cilia beat frequency was significant (MANOVA, P < 0.01). These data suggest that different anaesthetic agents may impair respiratory defence mechanisms to differing extents.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Cilia', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Mucosa', 'Propofol']
| 9,389,266
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.060', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.060'], ['D27.505.696.277.100.035.075', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.035.075'], ['A11.284.180.165'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.355.601.570'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A04.531.520', 'A04.760.600', 'A10.615.550.760.600'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.773']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
TGF-â signaling can act from multiple tissues to regulate C. elegans body size.
|
BACKGROUND: Regulation of organ and body size is a fundamental biological phenomenon, requiring tight coordination between multiple tissues to ensure accurate proportional growth. In C. elegans, a TGF-â pathway is the major regulator of body size and also plays a role in the development of the male tail, and is thus referred to as the TGF-â/Sma/Mab (for small and male abnormal) pathway. Mutations in components of this pathway result in decreased growth of animals during larval stages, with Sma mutant adults of the core pathway as small as ~60-70% the length of normal animals. The currently accepted model suggests that TGF-â/Sma/Mab pathway signaling in the C. elegans hypodermis is both necessary and sufficient to control body length. However, components of this signaling pathway are expressed in other organs, such as the intestine and pharynx, raising the question of what the function of the pathway is in these organs.RESULTS: Here we show that TGF-â/Sma/Mab signaling is required for the normal growth of the pharynx. We further extend the current model and show that the TGF-â/Sma/Mab pathway can function in multiple tissues to regulate body and organ length. Specifically, we find that pharyngeal expression of the SMAD protein SMA-3 partially rescues both pharynx length and body length of sma-3 mutants.CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results support a model in which the TGF-â/Sma/Mab signaling pathway can act in multiple tissues, activating one or more downstream secreted signals that act non cell-autonomously to regulate overall body length in C. elegans.
|
['Animals', 'Body Size', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pharynx', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 25,480,452
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['B01.050.500.500.294.400.875.660.250.250'], ['D12.776.419.500'], ['G07.650'], ['A03.556.750', 'A04.623', 'A14.724'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Do Treatment Plans Matter? Moving From Recommendations to Action.
|
We investigated whether a service-planning document outlining recommendations for what providers should address in treatment (i.e., targets) and the associated clinical techniques they should employ (i.e., practices) influenced the targets and practices that providers reported actually implementing during the subsequent treatment episode. Participants included 94 youths ages 4 to 17 (M = 13.57, SD = 3.59) who received community-based mental health services from the Hawai'i Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division. Data on targets and practices were compared across initial Mental Health Treatment Plans and Monthly Treatment and Progress Summaries. Data were analyzed using two-level, generalized mixed effects models with two-way cross-classification or linear mixed effects models. Providers were more likely to report the use of targets and practices in treatment if they were included within the treatment plan. In addition, the more closely targets addressed during treatment followed the recommended targets from the treatment plan, the more closely implemented practices followed the recommended practices listed in the treatment plan. Furthermore, as providers shifted their focus to different targets, a shift in their use of practices was also evident over time. Last, practices for which there is demonstrated efficacy for particular targets were more likely to be used. Service planning documents appear to help organize care; however, results also suggest possible limitations to the current system. These findings highlight potential areas for improvement in planning and care delivery.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Community Mental Health Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Psychotherapy']
| 27,646,266
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['F04.408.307', 'N02.421.143.183', 'N02.421.461.232'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.754']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A path algorithm for the support vector domain description and its application to medical imaging.
|
The support vector domain description is a one-class classification method that estimates the distributional support of a data set. A flexible closed boundary function is used to separate trustworthy data on the inside from outliers on the outside. A single regularization parameter determines the shape of the boundary and the proportion of observations that are regarded as outliers. Picking an appropriate amount of regularization is crucial in most applications but is, for computational reasons, commonly limited to a small collection of parameter values. This paper presents an algorithm where the solutions for all possible values of the regularization parameter are computed at roughly the same computational complexity previously required to obtain a single solution. Such a collection of solutions is known as a regularization path. Knowledge of the entire regularization path not only aids model selection, but may also provide new information about a data set. We illustrate this potential of the method in two applications; one where we establish a sensible ordering among a set of corpora callosa outlines, and one where ischemic segments of the myocardium are detected in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
|
['Algorithms', 'Computational Biology', 'Computers', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Normal Distribution', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Perfusion', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Software']
| 17,822,947
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.800.750'], ['E01.370.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.599'], ['C14.280.647', 'C14.907.585'], ['E05.318.740.994.500', 'G17.820.500', 'N05.715.360.750.750.565', 'N06.850.520.830.994.500'], ['L01.399.750'], ['E05.680'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['L01.224.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Viral load and its relationship to quinolinic acid, TNF alpha, and IL-6 levels in the CNS of retroviral infected mice.
|
Mouse models of infection of the central nervous system (CNS) have been used to study retroviral-induced neurologic disease. Ecotropic-neurotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) infection of susceptible neonatal mice causes a neurologic disease characterized by progressive hindlimb paralysis. The lesions consist of chronic noninflammatory spongiform change predominantly involving brainstem and spinal cord. Two molecularly cloned strains of MuLV, ts-1, a temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney MuLV, and pNE-8, derived from a feral mouse isolate Cas-Br-E, were used in this study. Infected mice were sacrificed at regular intervals postinoculation throughout the time-course of disease. The neuropathology was evaluated using standard histological and immunohistopathological techniques. Tissue concentrations of viral proteins and potentially cytotoxic factors were compared with the histopathology in select regions of the CNS. Areas of extensive vacuolation with neuronal and oligodendroglial infection were observed in spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. High titers of infectious virus were observed within CNS lesions, whereas low titers were observed in morphologically uninvolved areas. Western blot analysis revealed abundant production of viral envelope proteins, which correlated well with infectious virus titers. Serum quinolinic acid (QUIN) concentrations in both groups of noninfected and infected mice were similar. However, CNS tissue concentrations of QUIN, TNF alpha, and IL-6 in ts-1 infected mice were significantly higher than in pNE-8 infected or noninfected mice. The difference in concentration of these factors may be the result of greater activation of macrophages/microglia in ts-1 infected mice. During murine retroviral encephalitis, CNS damage may be mediated by direct infection of CNS cells and may be enhanced by indirect effects of neurotoxic factors possibly secreted by infected/activated macrophages.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Brain', 'Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Moloney murine leukemia virus', 'Mutation', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Quinolinic Acid', 'Retroviridae Infections', 'Spinal Cord', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Tumor Virus Infections', 'Viral Envelope Proteins']
| 7,993,524
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['B04.613.807.375.525', 'B04.820.650.375.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.596', 'B04.820.650.375.525.596'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C10'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D03.383.725.822.700'], ['C01.925.782.815'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D12.644.276.374.500.800', 'D12.644.276.374.750.626', 'D12.776.124.900', 'D12.776.395.930', 'D12.776.467.374.500.800', 'D12.776.467.374.750.626', 'D23.529.374.500.800', 'D23.529.374.750.626'], ['C01.925.928'], ['D09.400.430.968', 'D12.776.395.550.993', 'D12.776.543.550.993', 'D12.776.964.970.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The clinical characteristics and outcome of intraabdominal abscess in Crohn's disease.
|
BACKGROUND: We aimed to elucidate the incidence and natural course of abdominal abscess complicating Crohn's disease (CD).METHODS: Of 352 patients with CD who were observed at our hospital between 1985 and October 2001, we studied 35 patients (9.9%) with abscesses in the mid-abdominal region (the abdominal wall, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneum, and subphrenic region).RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of complication with an abscess was 9% and 25%, respectively, 10 and 20 years after CD onset. Of the 35 CD patients with abscess, 60% had had surgery by the time of the present study. The age when the abscess developed was 30.1 +/- 8.1 years, and the duration of illness from the onset of CD until development of an abscess was 10.8 +/- 6.3 years (range, 0-29 years). The location of involvement was: abdominal wall, n = 14 (40%); peritoneal cavity, n = 10 (29%); retroperitoneum or iliopsoas, n = 9 (26%); and subphrenic region, n = 2 (6%). In terms of location of abscess, it occurred most often on the right side (65.7%). Almost all abscesses occurred near the site of an anastomosis. Diseased segments of the bowel responsible for abscess formation were categorized radiographically as showing mild stenosis (6.5%), intermediate stenosis and/or simple fistula (41.9%), and severe stenosis and/or multiple fistulas (51.6%). Conservative treatment (including drainage of abscess) alone was effective in 7 patients (20%) and surgery was needed in 28 patients (80%). During the 5.3-year follow-up after treatment for the abdominal abscess, 9 of the 35 patients (26%) had recurrence of an abscess, mostly within 3 years.CONCLUSIONS: Abscess formation was noted in about 10% of patients with CD, with 46% of abscesses occurring in a diseased bowel segment near an anastomotic site. Of the diseased bowel segments responsible for abscess formation, half had neither severe stenosis nor multiple fistulas. Almost all patients underwent surgery for the abscess, and, in more than a quarter of the patients, there was recurrence within a few years after surgery.
|
['Abdominal Wall', 'Abscess', 'Adult', 'Crohn Disease', 'Drainage', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Diseases', 'Subphrenic Abscess', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 15,175,942
|
[['A01.923.047.050'], ['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C06.405.205.731.500', 'C06.405.469.432.500'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.844'], ['C01.463.600.500', 'C01.830.025.020.810', 'C06.844.640.500'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: long-term outcome of a multicenter prospective study.
|
PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy.METHODS: Between January 2006 and August 2008, 300 patients with histologically proven NPC were enrolled in this multicenter prospective study. All patients received definitive IMRT. Cisplatin-based concurrent chemotherapy was given to patients with stages III-IVb disease.RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 47.1 months (range 11-68 months). Median survival time was not reached. For all patients, the 4-year local control (LC), regional control (RC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were 94.0, 95.1, 85.0, and 86.1 %, respectively. Thirty-five patients experienced locoregional failures: 18 were local only, 15 were regional only, and 2 were both local and regional. Forty-two patients developed distant metastasis. Of these, 32 patients had single organ metastasis, and 10 patients had multiple organ metastasis. The most common acute toxicities were mucositis, dermatitis, and xerostomia. Grade 0-2 mucositis, dermatitis, and xerostomia occurred in 200 patients (66.7 %), 288 patients (96.0 %), and 286 patients (95.3 %), respectively. Grade 3 mucositis, dermatitis, and xerostomia were seen in 100 patients (33.3 %), 12 patients (4.0 %), and 14 patients (4.7 %), respectively. No Grade 4 acute toxicities were observed. The most common late toxicity for 284 patients who survived for more than 2 years was xerostomia. At 3 months after treatment, 16.2 % of patients had Grade 1, 73.6 % had Grade 2, and 10.2 % had Grade 3 xerostomia. However, the severity of xerostomia decreased over time. At 24 months, only 12.3 % of patients had Grade 2 xerostomia, and none had Grade 3 or 4 xerostomia.CONCLUSIONS: IMRT for NPC patients achieved excellent long-term locoregional control (LRC) and OS, with acceptable acute and late toxicities. After the treatment, xerostomia was improved over time. Distant metastasis remained the main cause of failure. More effective systemic therapy is demanding for reducing the risk of distant metastasis.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoma', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Cisplatin', 'Dermatitis', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mucositis', 'Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Failure', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Xerostomia']
| 22,986,812
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['E02.186.079', 'E02.319.164', 'E02.815.160'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['C17.800.174'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.405.205.798', 'C07.465.584'], ['C04.557.470.200.623', 'C04.588.443.665.710.650.500', 'C07.550.350.650.500', 'C07.550.745.650.500', 'C09.647.710.650.500', 'C09.775.350.650.500', 'C09.775.549.650.500'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.950.825', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.608'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800.760', 'N04.761.559.590.800.760', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800.760'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C07.465.815.929']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Validation of a technique for integration of a digital dental model into stereophotogrammetric images of the face using cone-beam computed tomographic data.
|
We wanted to find and validate a new way to visualise patients' faces and their dental arches non-invasively. The stereophotogrammetric images of the faces and the digitised dental casts of seven healthy subjects were analysed. Point-based and surface-based recording techniques matched the facial image with those of the mandibular and maxillary dental arches in their relative positions. The cone-beam computed tomographic (CT) images of the same subjects were analysed retrospectively. Twenty-eight dentofacial distances were obtained on cone-beam CT images and on the recorded facial and dental surfaces. The median (IQR) distances of more than 96% of the measurements did not differ significantly.
|
['Cone-Beam Computed Tomography', 'Dental Arch', 'Dental Models', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Photogrammetry']
| 26,852,270
|
[['E01.370.350.700.810.810.490', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.399'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.320', 'A14.521.320'], ['E06.261', 'J01.897.280.500.545.129.200', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.400', 'L01.224.308.410'], ['E01.370.350.600.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Maternal and developmental toxicity of halogenated 4'-nitrodiphenyl ethers in mice.
|
In an ongoing effort to delineate structure-activity relationships in the developmental toxicity of diphenyl ethers, we evaluated the maternal and developmental toxicity of 10 diphenyl ethers related to the herbicide nitrofen. All possible trichlorophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ethers were evaluated, as were the 2,4-difluorophenyl and 2,4-dibromophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ethers. We also evaluated bifenox and chlomethoxyfen, which are 2,4-dichlorophenyl congeners with meta-substituents on the 4'-nitrophenyl ring. Nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl 4'-nitrophenyl ether) was included for comparison. Identity of the halogen affected the postnatal (but not prenatal) mortality induced by 2,4-dihalogenated 4'-nitrophenyl ethers. The presence of 3'-substituents on the 4'-nitrophenyl ring reduced both pre- and postnatal toxicity of 2,4-dichlorinated congeners. Among chlorinated 4'-nitrophenyl congeners without meta-substituents on the nitrophenyl ring, the position of chlorine substituents strongly affected the congener's potential for inducing prenatal vs. postnatal syndromes. All congeners increased liver to body weight ratios in unmated females, but such increases were not well-correlated with either prenatal or postnatal embryotoxicity.
|
['Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Fetus', 'Harderian Gland', 'Herbicides', 'Liver', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Mice', 'Phenyl Ethers', 'Pregnancy', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 10,069,437
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['A16.378'], ['A13.445'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['A03.620'], ['G08.686.784.769.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.355.726', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A Pulmonary Sequestered Segment with an Aberrant Pulmonary Arterial Supply: A Case of Unique Anomaly.
|
We presented a rare case of a 64-year-old man with a combined anomaly of the bronchus and pulmonary artery that was detected incidentally. Computed tomography showed a hyperlucent, aerated sequestered segment of the right lower lung with an independent ectopic bronchus, which had no connection to the other airway. The affected segment was supplied by its own aberrant pulmonary artery branch from the right pulmonary trunk. This anomaly cannot be classified with any of the previously reported anomalies.
|
['Bronchi', 'Bronchopulmonary Sequestration', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 26,957,918
|
[['A04.411.125'], ['C08.695.214', 'C16.131.740.214'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.114.715'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Nystagmus parameters and subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
|
CONCLUSION: Although computational models suggest the existence of canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), these subtypes cannot be distinguished from each other based on characteristics of nystagmus. Therefore, although the subtypes probably exist more information is needed from each patient than is available without invasive procedures. Also, some patients may have clinical syndromes that include both canalithiasis and cupulolithiasis subtypes.OBJECTIVE: To determine if the parameters of nystagmus provide sufficient information to determine the subtype of nystagmus in a patient with BPPV.METHODS: Patients (n = 118) had unilateral BPPV of the posterior canal; 15 patients also had BPPV of the lateral canal. The main outcome measures were parameters of nystagmus in response to the Dix-Hallpike maneuver: latency to onset of nystagmus, maximum slow phase velocity, and maximum duration.RESULTS: Correlations between pairs of variables showed minimal or no relationships. Also, cluster analyses showed no significant subtypes. The contralateral eye moved significantly faster than the ipsilateral eye.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lithiasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nystagmus, Pathologic', 'Vertigo']
| 20,331,407
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.537'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.292.562.675', 'C11.590.400'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Induced Chromosomal Aneuploidy Results in Global and Consistent Deregulation of the Transcriptome of Cancer Cells.
|
Chromosomal aneuploidy is a defining feature of epithelial cancers. The pattern of aneuploidies is cancer-type specific. For instance, the gain of chromosome 13 occurs almost exclusively in colorectal cancer. We used microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to generate gains of chromosome 13 in the diploid human colorectal cancer cell line DLD-1. Extra copies of chromosome 13 resulted in a significant and reproducible up-regulation of transcript levels of genes on chromosome 13 (P = .0004, FDR = 0.01) and a genome-wide transcriptional deregulation in all 8 independent clones generated. Genes contained in two clusters were particularly affected: the first cluster on cytoband 13q13 contained 7 highly up-regulated genes (NBEA, MAB21L1, DCLK1, SOHLH2, CCDC169, SPG20 and CCNA1, P = .0003) in all clones. A second cluster was located on 13q32.1 and contained five upregulated genes (ABCC4, CLDN10, DZIP1, DNAJC3 and UGGT2, P = .003). One gene, RASL11A, localized on chromosome band 13q12.2, escaped the copy number-induced overexpression and was reproducibly and significantly down-regulated on the mRNA and protein level (P = .0001, FDR = 0.002). RASL11A expression levels were also lower in primary colorectal tumors as compared to matched normal mucosa (P = .0001, FDR = 0.0001. Overexpression of RASL11A increases cell proliferation and anchorage independent growth while decreasing cell migration in +13 clones. In summary, we observed a strict correlation of genomic copy number and resident gene expression levels, and aneuploidy dependent consistent genome-wide transcriptional deregulation.
|
['Aneuploidy', 'Chromosomes', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Comparative Genomic Hybridization', 'DNA Copy Number Variations', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transcriptome']
| 31,174,021
|
[['C23.550.210.050', 'G05.365.590.175.050', 'G05.700.131'], ['A11.284.187', 'A11.284.430.106.279.345.190', 'G05.360.162'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.393.285.240', 'E05.393.520.500', 'E05.393.661.187'], ['G05.365.795.297.500'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400', 'D12.644.360.525', 'D12.776.157.325.515', 'D12.776.476.525'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G05.308.800'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
RIG-I helicase-independent pathway in sendai virus-activated dendritic cells is critical for preventing lung metastasis of AT6.3 prostate cancer.
|
We recently demonstrated highly efficient antitumor immunity against dermal tumors of B16F10 murine melanoma with the use of dendritic cells (DCs) activated by replication-competent, as well as nontransmissible-type, recombinant Sendai viruses (rSeV), and proposed a new concept, "immunostimulatory virotherapy," for cancer immunotherapy. However, there has been little information on the efficacies of this method: 1) in more clinically relevant situations including metastatic diseases, 2) on other tumor types and other animal species, and 3) on the related molecular/cellular mechanisms. In this study, therefore, we investigated the efficacy of vaccinating DCs activated by fusion gene-deleted nontransmissible rSeV on a rat model of lung metastasis using a highly malignant subline of Dunning R-3327 prostate cancer, AT6.3. rSeV/dF-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-activated bone marrow-derived DCs (rSeV/dF-GFP-DC), consistent with results previously observed in murine DCs. Vaccination of rSeV/dF-GFP-DC was highly effective at preventing lung metastasis after intravenous loading of R-3327 tumor cells, compared with the effects observed with immature DCs or lipopolysaccharide-activated DCs. Interestingly, neither CTL activity nor DC trafficking showed any apparent difference among groups. Notably, rSeV/dF-DCs expressing a dominant-negative mutant of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) (rSeV/dF-RIGIC-DC), an RNA helicase that recognizes the rSeV genome for inducing type I interferons, largely lost the expression of proinflammatory cytokines without any impairment of antitumor activity. These results indicate the essential role of RIG-I-independent signaling on antimetastatic effect induced by rSeV-activated DCs and may provide important insights to DC-based immunotherapy for advanced malignancies.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cytokines', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Immunotherapy, Adoptive', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'RNA Helicases', 'Rats', 'Sendai virus', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,076,616
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.148', 'A15.378.316'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D12.776.532.265'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050.400', 'E05.478.550.520.050.400'], ['D23.469'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B04.820.480.937.600.650.700.800'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Binding of ligands and spectral shifts in cytochrome c oxidase.
|
1. On addition of reductant (ascorbate plus NNN'N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) to isolated cytochrome c oxidase (ox heart cytochrome aa(3)), in the presence of the inhibitors azide or cyanide, an initial partially reduced species is formed with absorption peaks at 415nm, 445nm and 605nm, which slowly gives rise to the final ;half-reduced' species in whose spectrum the 415nm peak has disappeared and a new absorption is seen at 430-435nm. 2. In the absence of reductant, cyanide forms an initial complex with the enzyme with a spectrum similar to that of the uncombined form, which slowly changes into the ;low-spin' cyanide form with a peak at 432nm. Azide, in absence of reductant, shifts the Soret peak slightly, but the resulting complex, which is probably thermally ;mixed-spin', undergoes no further changes. 3. The Soret-peak shift of oxidized cytochrome a(3) which occurs on reduction of the enzyme in the presence of azide is accompanied by a concurrent blue shift of the ferrous cytochrome a peak from 605nm to 603nm. A partial blue shift of the alpha-peak occurs in the half-reduced sulphide-inhibited enzyme, and a complete blue shift is seen in the analogous complexes with alkyl sulphides [a(2+)a(3) (3+)HSR compounds, where R=CH(3), C(2)H(5) or (CH(3))(2)CH]. 4. Analogous, albeit less readily decipherable, spectroscopic effects with the ligands imidazole and alkyl isocyanides suggest that on reduction of cytochrome a an interaction occurs between the two haem groups involving (i) a high- to low-spin change in cytochrome a(3), and after this, (ii) a change in the molecular environment of the cytochrome a. The latter effect, possibly a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the haem pocket, requires that the ligands on cytochrome a(3) have a bulky and partially hydrophobic character.
|
['Ascorbic Acid', 'Azides', 'Cyanides', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Ligands', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Spectrum Analysis', 'Sulfides', 'Tetramethylphenylenediamine']
| 210,768
|
[['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D01.625.100', 'D02.159'], ['D01.248.497.158.291', 'D01.625.400.100'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['E05.196.867'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['D02.092.146.651.900', 'D02.092.782.258.651.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Halothane directly modifies Na+ and K+ channel activities in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells.
|
During inhalational anesthesia, halogenated gases are in direct contact with the alveolar epithelium, in which they may affect transepithelial ion and fluid transport. The effects of halogenated gases in vivo on epithelial Na+ and K+ channels, which participate in alveolar liquid clearance, remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of halothane (1, 2, and 4% atm) on ion-channel function in cultured human alveolar cells were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. After exposure to 4% halothane, amiloride-sensitive whole-cell inward currents increased by 84+/-22%, whereas tetraethylammonium-sensitive outward currents decreased by 63+/-7%. These effects, which occurred within 30 s, remained for 30-min periods of exposure to the gas, were concentration-dependent, and were reversible upon washout. Pretreatment with amiloride prevented 90+/-7% of the increase in inward currents without change in outward currents, consistent with an activation of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels. Tetraethylammonium obliterated 90+/-9% of the effect of halothane on outward currents, without change in inward currents, indicating inhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channels. These channels were identified in excised patches to be small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. These effects of halothane were not modified after the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 by aristolochic acid. Exposure of the cells to either trypsin or to low Na+ completely prevented the increase in amiloride-sensitive currents induced by halothane, suggesting a release of Na+ channels self-inhibition. Thus, halothane modifies differentially and independently Na+ and K+ permeabilities in human alveolar cells.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gases', 'Halogens', 'Halothane', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Potassium Channels', 'Pulmonary Alveoli', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Sodium Channels']
| 16,399,849
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.362'], ['D01.268.380'], ['D02.455.526.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.600', 'D12.776.543.550.450.750', 'D12.776.543.585.400.750'], ['A04.411.715'], ['A04.760', 'A10.615.550.760'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The application of a plug-flow reactor to measure the biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in seawater.
|
Most of the ambient dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is refractory to microbial degradation; bacteria can consume a minor but variable part of the DOC pool over periods of hours and days. It is important to increase our knowledge of the dynamics of the biodegradable fraction of DOC (BDOC) to understand the global carbon budget. Several methods for determining BDOC have been developed; however, the problem of most of them is the time (days/weeks) required for the colonization and/or determination. In this paper, we describe the application to seawater of a plug-flow bioreactor to measure BDOC within 3-4 h. The bioreactor was built following S?ndergaard and Worm [S?ndergaard, M., Worm, J., 2001. Measurement of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) in lake water with a bioreactor. Water Res. 35, 2505-2513.] protocols for the measurement of BDOC in lake water. We analyzed BDOC on samples collected in the Gulf of Trieste during autumn-winter and summer 2003-2004. BDOC concentrations varied from 8 to 24 microM and represented from 10.3% to 25.5% of the total DOC. To evaluate the effectiveness of this method, we compared bioreactor BDOC measurement with data obtained from batch cultures. The results indicate that BDOC in coastal seawater can be measured rapidly and reliably with this bioreactor.
|
['Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Bioreactors', 'Biotechnology', 'Carbon', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Equipment Design', 'Glucose', 'Microbiology', 'Phytoplankton', 'Seawater', 'Time Factors', 'Water', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Purification']
| 19,631,527
|
[['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['D01.268.150'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.320'], ['D09.947.875.359.448'], ['H01.158.273.540'], ['B05.080.500.600'], ['G16.500.275.725.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Response of pulmonary vein potentials to burst pacing.
|
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vein potentials recorded at the ostia of pulmonary veins (PV) are a useful guide for segmental isolation of the PV in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Even during coronary sinus pacing at 600 ms, atrial (A) and PV potentials can overlap in 50-60% of patients making the accurate identification of PV potentials very difficult.METHODS: Nineteen patients (M:F 15:4) with paroxysmal AF underwent segmental isolation of one or more PV. Coronary sinus (CS) pacing was performed at cycle lengths of 600/550/500/450/400/350/300 ms and bipolar electrograms were recorded from the 10 or 20 pole Lasso catheter placed at the atrial-PV junction in 27 pulmonary veins. Stimulus (S) to A, S-PVP and A-PVP intervals were measured during CS pacing at the different cycle lengths at sweep speed of 200 mm/sec.RESULTS: During CS pacing at 600 ms the A and PV potentials were significantly overlapped (A-PVP < or = 25 ms) in 15 of 27 (55%) veins. During pacing at 300 ms, the A and PV potentials were significantly separated (A-PVP > or = 25 ms) in 9 of the 15 veins where A and PV potentials overlapped and 21 of all 27 (78%) veins. In two patients pacing at 300 ms was associated with 2:1 conduction block from atrial to PV fascicle.CONCLUSIONS: Coronary sinus pacing at cycle length of 300 ms demonstrated better separation of A and PV potentials compared to pacing at 600 ms. This strategy is easier and less time consuming compared to extrastimuli testing. It also confirms that the electrophysiological properties of PV fascicles are different from that of the adjacent atrial musculature.
|
['Atrial Fibrillation', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Veins']
| 15,383,771
|
[['C14.280.067.198', 'C23.550.073.198'], ['E02.331.200'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['E01.370.370.380.245', 'E01.370.405.267'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A07.015.908.713']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Understanding Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: insights from focal epilepsy patients with Lennox-Gastaut features.
|
To delineate the clinical and EEG features of adults with focal epilepsy associated with a generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) pattern on EEG who developed refractory seizures, notably drop attacks, but do not fulfill the classical triad for the diagnosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and provide further insight into LGS mechanisms. Among 957 patients admitted to video-EEG monitoring between 2002 and 2015, we retrospectively research adult patients with refractory focal epilepsy, drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. We collected demographic, anamnestic, and clinical data from medical records. We reviewed for all patients the interictal and ictal video-EEG recordings. We identified ten patients with focal epilepsy and electro-clinical features of LGS. As compared to classical LGS patients, our patients: (1) began epilepsy later (15.4 ± 8 years); (2) exhibited exclusively focal onset seizures, including drop attacks seizures linked to focal asymmetrical tonic posturing seizures; (3) had a stable cognition over time and (4) evolved favourably with a good secondary response to treatments in 80% of cases. Interestingly, all patients exhibited apparent diffuse interictal and ictal EEG abnormalities but a detailed analysis revealed that 50% had asymmetrical GPFA and 70% secondary bilateral synchrony processes. We may hypothesize here that a process of "secondary LGS" occurred which produced a worsening of seizures with the apparition of drop attacks and GPFA on EEG. This study brings arguments to consider that some cases of LGS could be linked to the development of a "secondary epileptic network" driven by a primary focal epileptic zone.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Brain', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Drug Resistant Epilepsy', 'Electroencephalography', 'Epilepsies, Partial', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lennox Gastaut Syndrome', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Video Recording', 'Young Adult']
| 28,584,915
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A08.186.211'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C10.228.140.490.125'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C10.228.140.490.360'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.490.493.750', 'C16.320.495'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['L01.280.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Quantitative retrieval of chlorophyll a concentration in Taihu Lake using machine learning methods].
|
We evaluated the performance of two machine learning methods, artificial neural net (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM), for estimation of chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake from remote sensing data. The theoretical analysis has been done from basic theory and learning target of these two methods first. Then two empirical algorithms have been developed to relate reflectance of MODIS to in situ concentrations of chlorophyll a. The performance of ANN and SVM is comparatively analyzed in terms of validation, stability and robustness assessment and chlorophyll a distribution of Taihu Lake from two algorithms. The root of mean square deviation (RMSE) and average relative error (ARE) of validation data is only 5.85 and 26.5% of SVM retrieval model, however, RMSE and ARE of ANN model is 13.04 and 46.8%. Stability and robustness assessment suggest that SVM provides the better performance than ANN. And the retrieval results show that the chlorophyll a distribution of the whole lake from two algorithms is similar, however, the chlorophyll a concentration in the eastern region and central region of Taihu Lake is distorted by ANN model because of the limitations, such as learning target setting and over-learning in net construction.
|
['Artificial Intelligence', 'China', 'Chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll A', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Fresh Water', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Neural Networks, Computer', 'Optics and Photonics', 'Water Pollutants']
| 19,558,096
|
[['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374.140', 'D03.633.400.909.374.140', 'D04.345.783.374.140'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G16.500.275.280', 'N06.230.232'], ['E05.599'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605'], ['H01.671.617', 'J01.293.688'], ['D27.888.284.903']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Acquired platinum resistance enhances tumour angiogenesis through angiotensin II type 1 receptor in bladder cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: We investigated the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiogenesis through angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) after the development of acquired platinum resistance in bladder cancer.METHODS: Four invasive human bladder cancer cell lines, T24, 5637, T24PR, and 5637PR, were used in vitro, whereas in vivo, T24 and T24PR cells were used. T24PR and 5637PR cells were newly established at our institution as acquired platinum-resistant sublines by culturing in cisplatin (CDDP)-containing conditioned medium for 6 months.RESULTS: Ang II induced significantly higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in T24PR and 5637PR cells than in their corresponding parent cells in vitro, whereas Ang II induced a further increase in VEGF production. These platinum-resistant cells also showed significantly higher AT1R expression than their corresponding parent cells. ROS was also significantly upregulated in T24PR and 5637PR cells, whereas increased AT1R expression was significantly downregulated by scavenging free radicals. We also demonstrated the efficacy of AT1R blockade at suppressing the growth of platinum-resistant xenograft model.CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a new molecular mechanism for upregulated AT1R signalling through increased ROS when tumours progressed after the CDDP-based regimens, and shed light on the importance of AT1R blockade for platinum-resistant bladder cancers.
|
['Angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Animals', 'Antipyrine', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cisplatin', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Edaravone', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']
| 21,970,881
|
[['D06.472.699.094.078', 'D12.644.400.070.078', 'D12.644.456.073.041', 'D12.644.548.058.078', 'D12.776.631.650.070.078', 'D23.469.050.050.050'], ['D27.505.519.162.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.383.129.539.850.088'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['D03.383.129.539.850.088.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['C23.550.589.500'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.047.625', 'D12.776.543.750.750.130.750'], ['C04.588.945.947.960', 'C12.758.820.968', 'C12.777.829.813', 'C13.351.937.820.945', 'C13.351.968.829.707'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Job loss from poor health, smoking and obesity: a national prospective survey in France.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health selection into unemployment may be either direct or operate by reference to health-related behaviours rather than health per se (indirect selection). Panel data are desirable to investigate selection effects, and the two types of selection processes may be concurrent. We examine jointly the roles of health and health-related behaviours as precursors of unemployment, in order to disentangle direct from indirect selection processes.DESIGN: The data of a multi-round nationally representative health survey in France were analysed longitudinally, based on three data collection rounds: 1992-5, 1996-8 and 2000-2. Following employees salaried in the private sector and aged 30-54 years at baseline, we explored through logistic regression the influence of non-optimal self-rated health, smoking and obesity on the risk of being found unemployed 4 years later.RESULTS: After adjustment for self-rated health, obesity was found to be a significant precursor of unemployment in women, and heavy smoking had that role in men. After adjustment for smoking and obesity, poor health at baseline was found to be a significant precursor of unemployment in both genders.CONCLUSION: Those findings confirm the intrinsic role of poor health and of health-related behaviours as precursors of unemployment, with gender-specific patterns for the latter. Public policy prescriptions regarding employees' protection from job insecurities should integrate appropriate accommodations of health limitations, and the personal factors underlying unfavourable work and health behaviours should be investigated, in order to thwart indirect selection phenomena.
|
['Adult', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'France', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Smoking', 'Unemployment']
| 18,339,826
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318', 'N06.850.520'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['F01.145.805'], ['N01.824.245.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Disturbance Regimes Drive The Diversity of Regional Floristic Pools Across Guianan Rainforest Landscapes.
|
Disturbances control rainforest dynamics, and, according to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH), disturbance regime is a key driver of local diversity. Variations in disturbance regimes and their consequences on regional diversity at broad spatiotemporal scales are still poorly understood. Using multidisciplinary large-scale inventories and LiDAR acquisitions, we developed a robust indicator of disturbance regimes based on the frequency of a few early successional and widely distributed pioneer species. We demonstrate at the landscape scale that tree-species diversity and disturbance regimes vary with climate and relief. Significant relationships between the disturbance indicator, tree-species diversity and soil phosphorus content agree with the hypothesis that rainforest diversity is controlled both by disturbance regimes and long-term ecosystem stability. These effects explain the broad-scale patterns of floristic diversity observed between landscapes. In fact, species-rich forests in highlands, which have benefited from long-term stability combined with a moderate and regular regime of local disturbances, contrast with less diversified forests on recently shaped lowlands, which have undergone more recent changes and irregular dynamics. These results suggest that taking the current disturbance regime into account and including geomorphological stratifications in climate-vegetation models may be an effective way to improve the prediction of changes in species diversity under climate change.
|
['Biodiversity', 'Climate Change', 'Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Ecosystem', 'Forests', 'Guyana', 'Models, Biological', 'Rainforest', 'Seasons', 'Soil', 'Time Factors', 'Trees', 'Tropical Climate']
| 29,497,098
|
[['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['G16.500.275.157.437', 'N06.230.124.343'], ['Z01.107.757.488'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G16.500.275.157.437.500', 'N06.230.124.343.500'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.915'], ['G16.500.275.071.600', 'N06.230.300.100.250.600']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Implantable loop recorder allows an etiologic diagnosis in one-third of patients. Results of the Spanish reveal registry.
|
BACKGROUND: The implantable loop recorder (ILR) is a useful tool for diagnosing paroxysmal conditions potentially related to arrhythmias. Most investigations have focused on selected clinical studies or high-volume centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and outcomes of the ILR in real clinical practice.METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients undergoing ILR implantation for clinical indications (April 2006-December 2008). Clinical characteristics (symptoms, arrhythmias, treatments) were recorded in a database. Follow-up data at 1 year or after the occurrence of the first episode were also recorded. Total enrollment: 743 patients (male, 413, 55.6%; 64.9 ± 16 years); 228 (30.7%) had structural heart disease (SHD), and 183 (24.6%), bundle branch block (BBB). Recurrent syncope (76.4%) was the most common indication for implantation. Complete follow-up was obtained for 680 patients (91.5%). Three hundred and twenty-five patients (48%) presented 414 events, with a final diagnosis in 230 patients (70.8% of patients with events; 33.1% of patients with follow-up). Syncope secondary to bradyarrhythmia was the most frequent diagnosis. Similar rates of final diagnoses were noted in subgroups of SHD, BBB and normal heart. Regarding the cause of implantation, higher event rates were registered among patients with recurrent syncope.CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients obtained a final diagnosis with the ILR, independent of the baseline characteristics. Only the cause of implantation provided different rates of final diagnosis.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arrhythmias, Cardiac', 'Databases, Factual', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spain']
| 23,877,732
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C14.280.067', 'C23.550.073'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.188.400', 'L01.470.750.750'], ['E07.305.250.319', 'E07.695.202'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Pesticide use on agricultural fields and health problems in various activities.
|
OBJECTIVES: To assess the health status, attitude and level of awareness of safe pesticide handling practices of farm workers engaged in the application of pesticides on agricultural farms.DESIGN: Cross sectional study.SETTING: Two farms in northwest Ethiopia, 2004.SUBJECTS: Farm workers of job categories; sprayers, pest assessors, supervisors, spraymachine mechanics and tractor operators.RESULTS: The farm workers had respiratory symptoms of cough, phlegm and wheezing. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not show abnormalities. Liver function tests showed elevated values. Respiratory symptoms in the farm workers revealed that cough phlegm and wheezing at Ayehu farm were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the controls. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at Birr Farm in the sprayers and mechanics were significantly higher than the controls (p < 0.05). The ALP value in the sprayers, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the assessors and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in the sprayers and mechanics at Ayehu were significantly higher than the controls (p < 0.05). From a total of 82 farm workers 35.7% at Birr and 75% at Ayehu Farm described that they were not formally instructed about safe pesticide handling methods.CONCLUSION: The farm workers health is affected by the unwise use of pesticides. The level of awareness and attitude on safe pesticide handling practices is low. It is recommended that appropriate type of personal protective device (PPD), in service training about the proper use of chemical pesticides and periodic medical check-up should be fulfilled to minimise the adverse health effects of chemical pesticides.
|
['Adult', "Agricultural Workers' Diseases", 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Ethiopia', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Health Status', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Pesticides', 'Respiratory Tract Diseases', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 16,261,921
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C24.080'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['Z01.058.290.120.310'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['C08'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Determination and toxicity evaluation of the generated byproducts from sulfamethazine degradation during catalytic oxidation process.
|
Sulfamethazine (SMZ), a kind of sulfonamide antibiotics, can exist for a long periods of time and has been widely detected in the environment, which could pose a potential health threat to human beings. In this study, sludge-derived carbon (SC) catalyst was modified and applied to degrade SMZ during catalytic oxidation process. Degradation products and possible transformation pathways were investigated based on data of GC-MS. The toxicity evolution of SMZ degradation after catalytic oxidation process was tested with zebrafish and microbial degradation respirometer. As a consequence, SC modified with nitric acid (SCHNO3) exhibited highly catalytic efficiency reached 92.2% SMZ conversion and 75.2% total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate after 480 min. Ten kinds of possible products were identified by GC-MS during degradation process of SMZ, indicating two possible pathways. No pronounced malformation was observed in the toxicity experiments with zebrafish until 120 h post fertilization (hpf). However, further analysis showed that zebrafish incubated with SMZ solution had higher mortality, lower hatching rate, slower spontaneous movement and shorter body length, compared with the group used normal nutrient solution, while the water after treatment had lower toxicity effects on zebrafish. The toxicity experiments with microbial degradation respirometer showed that SMZ solution had lower value of oxygen uptake, which indicated that SMZ solution had higher values of toxicity and inhibition of pharmaceutical compounds. This study provides a catalyst with low cost and high catalytic efficiency for degradation process of SMZ and gives a deeper insight into the ecotoxicity of treated water.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Catalysis', 'Ecotoxicology', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Sewage', 'Sulfamethazine', 'Water Purification', 'Zebrafish']
| 30,921,638
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.505.954.122'], ['G02.130'], ['H01.158.273.248.500', 'H01.158.891.211', 'H01.277.249.500', 'H02.884.211'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['D02.065.884.725.862', 'D02.092.146.807.862', 'D02.886.590.700.725.862'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244.828']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Purification and identification of flavonoids from the yellow green cocoon shell (Sasamayu) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
|
Three quercetin glycosides, quercetin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, and quercetin 4'-O-beta-D-glucoside, and two kaempferol glycosides, kaempferol 5-O-beta-D-glucoside and kaempferol 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, along with their aglycones, quercetin and kaempferol, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Sasamayu cocoon shells. The chemical structures were characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods including UV spectrometry and HPLC-ESI-MS. The five flavonol glycosides of the shell are different structurally from those of the leaves of mulberry (Morus alba). It was suggested that potent antioxidative activity in the cocoon is mainly due to flavonoid compounds since free radical scavenging activity was found in the cocoon flavonoids identified here.
|
['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Bombyx', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Flavonoids', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Glucosides', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 12,162,567
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.100'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D09.408.348'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Disruption of circadian rhythms of biogenic amines in rat hypothalamus upon administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine].
|
Levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and the main metabolite of serotonin 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) have been measured in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), preoptic area (PA), and median eminence (ME) of hypothalamus of rats after sole subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH). Circadian changes of DA in all the brain structures under study as well as of NE in PA were observed in the control group, their levels in the mornings being higher than in the evenings; a circadian change of 5-HIAA in SCN had an opposite tendency. Both the evening (11 p.m.) and morning (11 a.m.) administrations of SDMH at the dose of 21 mg/kg body weight resulted in disturbances of all the circadian rhythms observed in control. In some cases only a 12 hrs circadian rhythms phase shift was found, in the others these rhythms of neurotransmitters disappeared entirely. The evening administration of SDMH, unlike the morning one, resulted in an increase in total NE content in the hypothalamic structures under study. It is suggested that the effect of SDMH on the levels and circadian rhythms of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamic structures under study is due to affecting activities of the enzymes of biogenic amines synthesis, synaptic transmission, melatonin synthesis and secretion rhythms, as well as to its genotoxic influence upon the genes controlling circadian actions.
|
['1,2-Dimethylhydrazine', 'Animals', 'Biogenic Amines', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Female', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Suprachiasmatic Nucleus']
| 11,785,105
|
[['D02.442.600.400.200'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211'], ['G07.180.562.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A08.186.211.180.497.342.625', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.342.625']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Human cytochrome P450 3A4 and a carbon nanofiber modified film electrode as a platform for the simple evaluation of drug metabolism and inhibition reactions.
|
Electrochemical biosensors consisting of cytochrome P450 enzyme modified electrodes have been developed to provide a simple method for screening the metabolism of a drug and its inhibitor. Here, we report a very simple electrochemically driven biosensor for detecting drug metabolism and its inhibition based on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and a carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified film electrode without any other modified layers such as mediator films. Direct electron transfer (DET) between CYP3A4 and CNFs was observed at a formal potential of -0.302 V. The electrocatalytic reduction current increased with the addition of drugs including testosterone and quinidine. In contrast, the reduction current was greatly suppressed in the presence of ketoconazole, which is a CYP3A4 inhibitor. CNFs with high conductivity, a large surface area and sufficient edge planes provide a suitable microenvironment for achieving excellent DET and biocatalysis properties, which could not be observed when we used other carbon materials such as carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon black (CB) modified electrodes, indicating that our system is promising as a new bioelectronic platform for electrochemical biosensing.
|
['Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Electrochemical Techniques', 'Electrodes', 'Humans', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations']
| 24,027,778
|
[['D08.244.453.860.500', 'D08.811.682.662.582.353', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.495.500', 'D12.776.422.220.453.860.500'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['E05.301'], ['E07.305.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.150.250.500', 'J01.637.512.850.500'], ['D26']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Transsexuality and the process of sexual reassignment from the perspective of male transsex: A qualitative study].
|
OBJECTIVE: To understand the process of sexual reassignment from the perspective of people who undergo this procedure; to know how their body image influences their day to day life and the impact on their sexuality, and to learn from transgender male experiences in order to guide the health care teams involved, so that they can provide care in a more adjusted way to actual needs.METHOD: Qualitative study with a total of 7 male transsexuals over 18 years of age, undergoing at least one surgery intervention for sexual reassignment, using data collection techniques such as individual, semi structured, open, audio recorded interviews and writing of reflective diaries.RESULTS: Decision making to undergo surgery to change their body image and sexual identity is complex. Factors influencing this decision are related to: the need to accept their own body, the experience with hormonal treatments, the relationship with the family and social context and with the partner, management of their own fears, the organization of health care services, the relationship and communication with the health care professionals, and the economic aspects.CONCLUSIONS: Both professionals and health services should consider and delve into the topic with the goal to understand the meaning of sex reassignment procedures to ensure better care for transsexualism.
|
['Adult', 'Body Image', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Gender Identity', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Qualitative Research', 'Sex Reassignment Procedures', 'Sex Reassignment Surgery', 'Transgender Persons', 'Transsexualism', 'Young Adult']
| 30,300,126
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['F01.393.446.250', 'F01.752.747.385.200', 'F01.752.747.722.200', 'F02.739.794.793.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.420', 'L01.399.250.520', 'N05.715.360.300.400', 'N06.850.520.308.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['E02.906'], ['E02.906.500', 'E04.680.750', 'E04.950.449'], ['M01.777.500'], ['F01.145.802.975.750'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Barofunction of auditory tube in patients with central perforation of tympanic membrane].
|
Patients with otitis media chronica with central tympanic perforation underwent glue myringoplasty or radical operation. In 52.2 and 33.3% of them an original technique developed by the authors, has discovered defect of barofunction of the auditory tube named inflation effect of the auditory tube. High intratympanic pressure observed in this effect should be taken into consideration in tympanoplasty as it underlies rupture or dislocation of the transplant in myringoplasty or dislocation of the neotympanic membrane in reconstructive surgery on the middle ear.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Eustachian Tube', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myringoplasty', 'Otitis Media', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Pressure', 'Tympanic Membrane Perforation']
| 10,510,638
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A09.246.397.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.580.450.505'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['C23.550.767'], ['G01.374.715'], ['C09.218.903', 'C26.930']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
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