Title
stringlengths 1
395
⌀ | abstractText
stringlengths 57
5.98k
| meshMajor
stringlengths 14
1.03k
| pmid
int64 22
33.2M
| meshid
stringlengths 2
3.14k
| meshroot
stringlengths 2
421
| A
int64 0
1
| B
int64 0
1
| C
int64 0
1
| D
int64 0
1
| E
int64 0
1
| F
int64 0
1
| G
int64 0
1
| H
int64 0
1
| I
int64 0
1
| J
int64 0
1
| L
int64 0
1
| M
int64 0
1
| N
int64 0
1
| Z
int64 0
1
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Instrumental variable with competing risk model.
|
In this paper, we discuss causal inference on the efficacy of a treatment or medication on a time-to-event outcome with competing risks. Although the treatment group can be randomized, there can be confoundings between the compliance and the outcome. Unmeasured confoundings may exist even after adjustment for measured covariates. Instrumental variable methods are commonly used to yield consistent estimations of causal parameters in the presence of unmeasured confoundings. On the basis of a semiparametric additive hazard model for the subdistribution hazard, we propose an instrumental variable estimator to yield consistent estimation of efficacy in the presence of unmeasured confoundings for competing risk settings. We derived the asymptotic properties for the proposed estimator. The estimator is shown to be well performed under finite sample size according to simulation results. We applied our method to a real transplant data example and showed that the unmeasured confoundings lead to significant bias in the estimation of the effect (about 50% attenuated). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'Models, Statistical', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Risk Factors', 'Sample Size', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 28,064,466
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.370.762', 'E05.581.500.902', 'N05.715.360.325.692', 'N06.850.520.445.762'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of early video capsule endoscopy with standard of care in the approach to nonhematemesis GI bleeding (with videos).
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients presenting with nonhematemesis GI bleeding (NHGIB) represent a diagnostic challenge for physicians. We performed a randomized controlled trial to assess the benefits of deployment of a video capsule soon after admission in the management of patients presenting with melena, hematochezia, or severe anemia compared with standard of care management.METHODS: Patients admitted with NHGIB were randomized and placed into 1 of 2 study groups. In the experimental group, patients ingested a video capsule soon after admission to the hospital. These patients had further endoscopic workup based on the findings from the capsule. Patients in the control group underwent endoscopic evaluation (ie, upper endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and/or colonoscopy) to identify the source of bleeding as directed by the attending gastroenterologist's interpretation of their clinical presentation. The primary endpoint for this study was the rate of localization of bleeding during hospitalization.RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients were included in this study: 45 randomized to the standard of care arm and 42 to the early capsule arm. A bleeding source was localized in 64.3% of the patients in the early capsule arm and in 31.1% of the patients in the standard of care arm (P < .01). The likelihood of endoscopic localization of bleeding over time was greater for patients receiving early capsule endoscopy compared with those in the standard of care arm (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-5.64).CONCLUSIONS: For patients admitted to the hospital for NHGIB, early capsule endoscopy is a safe and effective alternative for the detection of the source of bleeding. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02442830.).
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia', 'Capsule Endoscopy', 'Colonoscopy', 'Early Diagnosis', 'Endoscopy, Digestive System', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Melena', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Standard of Care', 'Time Factors']
| 29,935,143
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C15.378.071'], ['E01.370.388.250.250.250.140'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.200', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.160', 'E04.210.240.250.160', 'E04.502.250.250.250.160'], ['E01.390'], ['E01.370.372.250', 'E01.370.388.250.250', 'E04.210.240', 'E04.502.250.250'], ['C06.405.227', 'C23.550.414.788'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['A12.459.764', 'C06.405.227.600', 'C23.550.414.788.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['N04.761.789.900', 'N05.715.840'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pseudomonas folliculitis.
|
Thirty-three patients were shown to have gram-negative folliculitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In nine women the eruption was mild and self-limited, occurring after depilation of the legs. The remaining twenty-four patients had recurrent papular skin rashes that were resistant to therapy and lasted between three months and three years. Circumstantial evidence implicated the hospital environment as the probable source of infection.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross Infection', 'Female', 'Folliculitis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Recurrence', 'Serotyping']
| 6,816,510
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.248', 'C23.550.291.875.500'], ['C17.800.329.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Radiotherapy-induced common carotid pseudoaneurysm presenting with initially occult upper airway hemorrhage and successfully treated by endovascular stent graft.
|
Radiation induced carotid vasculopathy may present as steno-occlusive disease or less commonly as a pseudoaneurysm. The latter most often presents with a pulsatile mass but is a potential cause of life threatening hemorrhage. We present a case of a small common carotid artery (CCA) pseudoaneurysm that was initially dismissed as the cause of the patients presenting epistaxis given its small size and location. After standard bilateral internal maxillary artery embolizations failed to prevent significant subsequent pharyngeal and tracheal blood loss and serial imaging demonstrated a progressive enlargement of the pseudoaneurysm, a stent graft was successfully placed across the lesion. At five months post stenting, follow-up imaging of the neck showed a stable obliteration of the pseudoaneurysm, good arterial patency, and the patient remained free of recurrent hemorrhage. This case demonstrates that even a small carotid pseudoaneurysm, can present with pharyngeal hemorrhage and should be treated aggressively--with endovascular stent grafting being a preferred treatment modality for arterial lesions in the irradiated neck.
|
['Aged', 'Aneurysm, False', 'Carotid Artery Injuries', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cerebral Angiography', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Stents', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,015,736
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.090'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.345', 'C10.228.140.300.350.500', 'C10.900.250.300', 'C14.907.253.123.345', 'C14.907.253.535.500', 'C26.915.200.200'], ['A07.015.114.186.200'], ['E01.370.350.578.937.180', 'E01.370.350.700.060.180', 'E01.370.350.700.560.180', 'E01.370.370.050.180', 'E01.370.376.537.750.180', 'E05.629.937.180'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.733', 'G01.750.748.500', 'N06.850.460.350.850.500', 'N06.850.810.300.360'], ['E07.695.750'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Abnormal erythropoiesis in the myeloproliferative disorders: an analysis of underlying cellular and humoral mechanisms.
|
Peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens from patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were assayed for erythroid and granulopoietic progenitor cells. All compartments were increased in CML patients in relapse although the ratio of BFU-E to CFU-C numbers remained constant in all CML patients where values ranged over several orders of magnitude. By comparison with normal ratios there was only a slight shift towards increased CFU-C numbers. No quantitative changes in any progenitor compartment was found in PV except for a marginal increase in marrow CFU-E. Erythropoietin (epo)-independent colony formation has been documented in all 61 cases of PV studied to date, and the proportion of progenitors classified as abnormal on this basis increases on average 3- to 5-fold as they differentiate in vivo from primitive BFU-E to CFU-E. Preliminary replating studies suggest that when this occurs in vitro individual BFU-E produce both normal and abnormal phenotypes. Epo-independent erythropoiesis has also been commonly observed in assays of CML cells, although its expression is more variable and in the absence of epo progenitors in CML usually make fewer erythroblasts containing even less hemoglobin than do their counterparts in PV. Expression of a common regulatory defect in erythroid cells in PV and CML suggests a possible relationship to the initial transformation event(s).
|
['Antibody Formation', 'Colony-Forming Units Assay', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Erythropoietin', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Leukemia, Myeloid', 'Polycythemia Vera']
| 6,962,070
|
[['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.383', 'E05.200.500.383', 'E05.242.383'], ['G04.152.825.414', 'G09.188.343.414'], ['D12.644.276.374.410.240.150', 'D12.776.395.240.150', 'D12.776.467.374.410.240.150', 'D23.529.374.410.240.150'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['C04.557.337.539'], ['C04.588.448.200.500', 'C15.378.190.250.500', 'C15.378.190.636.753', 'C15.378.400.200.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Experience with ceftazidime in obstetrics and gynaecology in Japan.
|
The effects of ceftazidime were evaluated in 238 patients. Among these patients 221 (93%) were assessed as having either 'excellent' or 'good' clinical responses. Bacteriologically, in 102 (87%) out of 117 cases, the causative organisms were either eliminated or replaced. Adverse events noted were limited to mild rashes in 2 patients and gastric discomfort in another. Penetration of ceftazidime into uterine tissues was studied and, following an intravenous bolus dose of 1 g, concentrations in various parts of the uterus averaged 36 to 57 mg/kg at 11 to 26 min. Concentrations in intrapelvic fluid in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy averaged 37 mg/l at 30 min after an intravenous bolus injection of 1 g, and 23 mg/l at 30 min after completion of a 60-min infusion.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Body Fluids', 'Ceftazidime', 'Cephalosporins', 'Female', 'Genital Diseases, Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Uterus']
| 6,352,649
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['A12.207'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.210.150', 'D02.886.665.074.210.150', 'D03.633.100.300.249.210.150'], ['D02.065.589.099.249', 'D02.886.665.074', 'D03.633.100.300.249'], ['C13.351.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
A retrograde apoptotic signal originating in NGF-deprived distal axons of rat sympathetic neurons in compartmented cultures.
|
Previous investigations of retrograde survival signaling by nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophins have supported diverse mechanisms, but all proposed mechanisms have in common the generation of survival signals retrogradely transmitted to the neuronal cell bodies. We report the finding of a retrograde apoptotic signal in axons that is suppressed by local NGF signaling. NGF withdrawal from distal axons alone was sufficient to activate the pro-apoptotic transcription factor, c-jun, in the cell bodies. Providing NGF directly to cell bodies, thereby restoring a source of NGF-induced survival signals, could not prevent c-jun activation caused by NGF withdrawal from the distal axons. This is evidence that c-jun is not activated due to loss of survival signals at the cell bodies. Moreover, blocking axonal transport with colchicine inhibited c-jun activation caused by NGF deprivation suggesting that a retrogradely transported pro-apoptotic signal, rather than loss of a retrogradely transported survival signal, caused c-jun activation. Additional experiments showed that activation of c-jun, pro-caspase-3 cleavage, and apoptosis were blocked by the protein kinase C inhibitors, rottlerin and chelerythrine, only when applied to distal axons suggesting that they block the axon-specific pro-apoptotic signal. The rottlerin-sensitive mechanism was found to regulate glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity. The effect of siRNA knockdown, and pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 suggests that GSK3 is required for apoptosis caused by NGF deprivation and may function as a retrograde carrier of the axon apoptotic signal. The existence of a retrograde death signaling system in axons that is suppressed by neurotrophins has broad implications for neurodevelopment and for discovering treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma.
|
['Acetophenones', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Axonal Transport', 'Axons', 'Benzophenanthridines', 'Benzopyrans', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Colchicine', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Nerve Growth Factor', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Neurons', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase C', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptor, trkA', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sympathetic Nervous System']
| 19,188,931
|
[['D02.522.120'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['G03.143.355.040', 'G04.392.040', 'G11.561.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D03.132.089', 'D03.633.300.633.207', 'D03.633.400.131'], ['D03.383.663.283', 'D03.633.100.150'], ['D08.811.277.656.262.500.126.350.300', 'D08.811.277.656.300.200.126.350.300', 'D12.644.360.075.405.350.300', 'D12.776.476.075.405.350.300'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.132.225'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['D12.644.276.860.437', 'D12.776.467.860.437', 'D12.776.631.600.437', 'D23.529.850.437'], ['D12.644.276.860', 'D12.776.467.860', 'D12.776.631.600', 'D23.529.850'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.725'], ['D12.776.260.108.820', 'D12.776.624.664.700.182', 'D12.776.660.763', 'D12.776.930.127.820'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.660', 'D12.776.543.750.630.496', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.550.550'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['A08.800.050.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reinfection hazard of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuhan, China, using Cox-proportional hazard model.
|
Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute infectious disease caused by serotypes of the enterovirus (EV) family. HFMD reinfection occurs commonly in lack of cross-protection between different EV serotypes. In this study, we investigated the hazards of HFMD reinfection using Cox-proportional hazard model. Retrospective data of 95 209 HFMD cases in Wuhan during 2008-2015 was used. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Cox-proportional hazard model were used to estimate the hazard probabilities. Of the all HFMD cases, about 2% experienced reinfection (1842/95 209). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed the reinfection risk sharply increased before 40 months from first infection. Higher hazards of reinfection were detected among those who were males, aged 3 years and below, scattered children, belonging to urban areas and first infected with coxsackievirus (CV)-A16 compared with their respective counterparts. Cox-proportional hazard model suggested that gender, age, group, living area and serotypes of first infection had significant effect on reinfection even after adjusting for potential confounding effects of other selected factors considered in the study. These results indicate that boys aged 3 years and below, especially those living in urban areas and first infected with CV-A16 are more prone to reinfection. Interventions should be imposed on these high-risk populations.
|
['Age Factors', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Enterovirus', 'Female', 'Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Recurrence', 'Rural Population', 'Serogroup', 'Sex Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 29,843,826
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B04.820.578.750.284'], ['C01.925.782.687.359.213.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['N01.600.725'], ['G05.695.825'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Impact of Mano a Mano-Mujer, an HIV prevention intervention, on depressive symptoms among Chilean women.
|
Worldwide, and in Chile, the number of women living with HIV is increasing. Depression is considered a factor that interferes with HIV prevention. Depression may reach 41% among low-income Chilean women. Depressed people are less willing to participate in behaviours that protect them against HIV. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Mano a Mano-Mujer (MM-M), and HIV prevention intervention, on depressive symptoms among Chilean women. A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. The research was conducted in Santiago, Chile; a total of 400 women participated in the study (intervention group, n=182; control group, n=218). The intervention was guided by the social-cognitive model and the primary health care model. The intervention consists of six 2-h sessions delivered in small groups. Sessions covered: HIV prevention, depression, partner's communication, and substance abuse. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Chilean women who participated in MM-M significantly decreased, at 3 months follow up, their reported depressive symptoms. MM-M provided significant benefits for women's depression symptoms. In this study nurses participated as leaders for the screening of depressive symptoms and as facilitators of community interventions.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Chile', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Interview, Psychological', 'Poverty', 'Primary Health Care', 'Program Evaluation', 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 22,452,388
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['Z01.107.757.235'], ['F04.754.137.350'], ['F03.600.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.488'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F04.669.599'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['E05.337.820', 'N04.761.685', 'N05.715.360.650'], ['C25.775', 'F03.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Recent patterns of crop yield growth and stagnation.
|
In the coming decades, continued population growth, rising meat and dairy consumption and expanding biofuel use will dramatically increase the pressure on global agriculture. Even as we face these future burdens, there have been scattered reports of yield stagnation in the world's major cereal crops, including maize, rice and wheat. Here we study data from ?2.5 million census observations across the globe extending over the period 1961-2008. We examined the trends in crop yields for four key global crops: maize, rice, wheat and soybeans. Although yields continue to increase in many areas, we find that across 24-39% of maize-, rice-, wheat- and soybean-growing areas, yields either never improve, stagnate or collapse. This result underscores the challenge of meeting increasing global agricultural demands. New investments in underperforming regions, as well as strategies to continue increasing yields in the high-performing areas, are required.
|
['Agriculture', 'Crops, Agricultural', 'Food Supply', 'Geography', 'Oryza', 'Soybeans', 'Triticum', 'Zea mays']
| 23,250,423
|
[['J01.040'], ['B01.650.160', 'G07.203.300.300', 'J02.500.300'], ['J01.576.423.750'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.616'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and phorbol ester on PAI-1 and PA genes in human lung cells.
|
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mediates the production of extracellular matrix proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors in epithelial cells. Both TGF-beta and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) exert both positive and negative effects on mitogenesis in these as well as other cell types. Phorbol esters act through stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) and are among the most potent tumor promoters known. The present study was conducted to determine whether the effect of TGF-beta in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells parallels that of the phorbol esters and whether this effect of TGF-beta involves PKC. TGF-beta 1 and PMA increased expression of TGF-beta 1 mRNA 24 hr after their addition to both NSCLC and NHBE cells. The effects of these agents on expression of the mRNAs for TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 were more complex; while TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 mRNAs increased transiently in response to TGF-beta 1 in NHBE cells and TGF-beta 3 mRNA increased transiently in some NSCLC cells, expression of these mRNAs decreased in most of these cells in response to PMA with the exception of the carcinoid NCI-H727 where TGF-beta 2 mRNA increased dramatically, TGF-beta 1 and PMA both caused a persistent increase in expression of the mRNAs for both plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator (PA) up to 24 hr in most NSCLC cells, with the increase in PAI-1 mRNA beginning several hours before that of PA mRNA. In contrast, while TGF-beta 1 also increased expression of PAI-1 mRNA in NHBE cells, the expression of PA mRNA decreased simultaneously. The effect of PMA on PAI-1 and PA mRNAs was opposite of TGF-beta 1 in these cells, with expression of PAI-1 mRNA decreasing and PA mRNA increasing after addition of PMA. These data show that there is parallel regulation of the genes for TGF-beta 1, PAI-1 and PA by TGF-beta 1 and PMA in NSCLC, but differential regulation of the genes for PAI-1 and PA by these agents in NHBE cells. The responses of the mRNAs and proteins of TGF-beta 1, PAI-1 and PA to TGF-beta 1 and PMA were inhibited by the serine/ threonine kinase inhibitor H7 in NSCLC cells. Treatment of NSCLC cells with TGF-beta 1 and PMA resulted in a persistent increase in the expression of fibronectin mRNA and protein. This response was blocked by the addition of H7. Inhibition of these effects by H7 in NSCLC cells suggests that H7 blocks TGF-beta responses by inhibiting a protein serine/threonine kinase(s). Because the effects of TGF-beta and PMA on the different TGF-beta isoforms, PA, PAI and fibronectin in NHBE and NSCLC cells are complex, our data suggest that there are distinct mechanisms for controlling the different TGF-beta isoforms, PA, PAI and extracellular matrix proteins in normal lung and lung cancer cells.
|
['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Bronchi', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Probes', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Extracellular Matrix', 'Fibronectins', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'Plasminogen Activators', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,255,608
|
[['D02.886.590.700.545', 'D03.383.606.527', 'D03.633.100.531.400'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['A04.411.125'], ['C04.588.894.797.520.109.220.249', 'C08.381.540.140.500', 'C08.785.520.100.220.500'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.284.295.310'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['D12.644.861.695.500', 'D12.776.124.125.640', 'D12.776.872.695.500', 'D23.119.832.500'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.635', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.635', 'D12.776.124.125.662'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D02.455.849.291.500.510.850'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Treatment adherence in patients living with HIV/AIDS assisted at a specialized facility in Brazil.
|
INTRODUCTION: In the 1990s, Brazil adopted a public policy that allowed for universal, free access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since then, treatment adherence has become a new challenge for administrators of sexually transmitted disease/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (STD/AIDS) policies. This study quantified adherence to ART and verified whether there is an association between sociodemographic variables and clinical/laboratory data in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study with a quantitative approach that was conducted over 8 months. The target population contained patients who were assisted at the ambulatory care facility specialized in STD/AIDS of a medium-size city located in Northwest S?o Paulo. In order to verify the level of adherence to ART, a validated CEAT-VIH (Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Questionnaire) questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic aspects and clinical/laboratory data were obtained from the medical records. The results were analyzed using the Student's t-test and Pearson's coefficient.RESULTS: Herein, 109 patients were interviewed, 56% of whom were male. The age of the population ranged 18-74 years (mean 45.67 years). Adherence to ART was classified as insufficient in 80.7% of cases. There was an association between ART adherence and presence of symptoms and/or opportunistic infection (p=0.008) and economic status (p<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to ART among HIV carriers cared for by the public health system is low. Patients who reported a favorable economic status and those without symptoms and/or opportunistic infection demonstrated greater treatment adherence than those who needed to take more than 3 pills a day.
|
['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active', 'Brazil', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medication Adherence', 'Middle Aged', 'National Health Programs', 'Public Policy', 'Self Report', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Young Adult']
| 29,160,506
|
[['C01.221.250.875.100', 'C01.597.050', 'C01.610.684.050', 'C01.925.597.050', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.100', 'C20.673.480.100'], ['C01.221.250.875.040', 'C01.221.812.640.400.040', 'C01.778.640.400.040', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400.040', 'C01.925.813.400.040', 'C01.925.839.040', 'C20.673.480.040'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N02.278.035'], ['E02.319.310.075'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N03.349.550'], ['I01.655.500.608', 'I01.880.604.825.608', 'N03.623.500.608'], ['E05.318.308.980.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Increased energy needs in patients with quadriplegia and pressure ulcers.
|
Health individuals with quadriplegia generally have a reduced metabolic rate. However, individuals with quadriplegia who develop pressure ulcers may have an elevated metabolic rate. In this study, energy expenditure in 16 individuals with quadriplegia and pressure ulcers (PU-QUAD) was compared to the energy expenditure in 16 individuals with quadriplegia but no pressure ulcers (NPU-QUAD) and 16 healthy non-spinal cord injured subjects (controls). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Both measured REE (t(30) = 2.38, p = 0.24) and percent predicted REE (t(30) = 3.23, p = .003) were significantly higher in subjects with quadriplegia and pressure ulcers compared with subjects with quadriplegia but no pressure ulcers. On average, REE in the PU-QUAD subjects was nearly equal to the absolute energy expenditure of healthy non-spinal cord injured controls. To ensure optimal care of patients with quadriplegia and pressure ulcers, quantification of energy expenditure with provision of adequate caloric intake is recommended.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Calorimetry, Indirect', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Energy Intake', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Requirements', 'Pressure Ulcer', 'Quadriplegia']
| 8,716,273
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.196.131.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.620'], ['C17.800.893.665'], ['C10.597.622.760', 'C23.888.592.636.786']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Sexual functioning in obese adults enrolling in a weight loss study.
|
The authors assessed sexual functioning among treatment-seeking obese men (n = 91) and women (n = 134) using the comprehensive validated Sexual Functioning Questionnaire. Scores were lower for women than for men, indicating reduced sexual functioning. Men's scores fell between those of a group of cancer survivors and a general population group, whereas women generally had lower scores than both of these groups. Increasing body mass index was associated with decreasing sexual functioning only for arousal and behavior. Sexual functioning was also reduced on most subscales for individuals who reported sexual inactivity in the past month.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Body Image', 'Body Mass Index', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Survivors', 'Young Adult']
| 21,512,941
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['F01.752.747.792.110', 'F02.463.593.112'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C12.294.644', 'C13.351.500.665'], ['F03.835'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.860'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Study on the interaction of Et2SnCl2(phen) with DNA].
|
The absorbance, fluorescence and cyclic voltammetric methods as well as agarose gel electrophoresis were used to study the interaction of the antitumor compound Et2SnCl2(phen) with DNA. The results indicate that Et2SnCl2 (phen) mainly reacts electrostatically with the phosphate backbone of DNA. There also exists an intercalation into the double-helix of DNA through the phenanthroline group of Et2SnCl2(phen). At high concentration Et2SnCl2(phen) can cause unwinding of DNA. The molecular action mechanism of Et2SnCl2(phen) with DNA was first proposed.
|
['Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cattle', 'DNA', 'DNA Damage', 'Organotin Compounds', 'Thymus Gland']
| 12,016,859
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G05.200'], ['D02.691.850'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of tympanometry on the diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media.
|
OBJECTIVES: Acute otitis media (OM) is the most common indication for the use of antibiotics among children. Otoscopy alone is an imprecise method for the diagnosis of OM, which may lead to inappropriate antibiotic use. We sought to determine whether tympanometry, as an adjunct to otoscopy, would significantly change physician prescribing behavior and whether physicians overprescribe antibiotics for OM, using independently graded tympanometry results as a standard.METHODS: A randomized, clinical trial was conducted among children 6 to 35 months of age who presented to a pediatric emergency department with either fever or upper respiratory infection symptoms. Children were randomized into 2 groups, in which the attending physician evaluated tympanometry results (Tymp Aware) or the attending physician was blinded to the tympanometry findings (Tymp Unaware). Tympanometry curves were graded independently by using a modified version of the Jerger scale.RESULTS: Of the 698 patients enrolled, tympanometry was performed successfully for 99.3%. Antibiotics were prescribed for OM for 27.9% of all patients. No statistically significant difference in antibiotic prescription rates for OM between the Tymp Aware group (28.8%) and the Tymp Unaware group (26.8%) was found. Of all patients for whom antibiotics were prescribed for OM, 14% had normal curves for both ears and 40% had some tympanographic movement bilaterally.CONCLUSIONS: Tympanometry did not seem to change diagnoses or prescribing behavior in the group of physicians studied. Antibiotics were commonly prescribed for presumed OM in the absence of effusions documented with tympanometry.
|
['Acoustic Impedance Tests', 'Acute Disease', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Otitis Media', 'Physical Examination', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'"]
| 15,231,925
|
[['E01.370.382.375.050'], ['C23.550.291.125'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C09.218.705.663'], ['E01.370.600'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Primary and mid-term outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent implantation with angiographic guidance alone.
|
BACKGROUND: Usefulness and efficacy of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for the implantation of sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) is controversial. We investigated the primary and mid-term results of SES deployment with angiographic guidance comparing with IVUS guidance, retrospectively.METHODS AND RESULTS: SESs were deployed in 480 de novo lesions of 459 patients (341 lesions treated without IVUS and 139 lesions treated using IVUS); 368 lesions underwent follow-up coronary angiography. Late luminal loss, in-stent restenosis (ISR) rate and target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate were not significantly different between the non-IVUS group and the IVUS group. There was no acute thrombosis or other major adverse cardiac events except for TLR in both groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SES implantation without IVUS was not an independent risk factor for restenosis. On the other hand, in one case, target-vessel revascularization was difficult because of the mal-apposition of the SES previously implanted without IVUS.CONCLUSIONS: For lesions for which stent size and endpoint are decided from angiographic information alone, angio-guided SES implantation is safe and provides a good mid-term outcome that is comparable to the IVUS-guided SES stent deployment., while IVUS may be helpful to decide stent size for complex lesions and reduce possible complications.
|
['Aged', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Disease', 'Drug-Eluting Stents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Sirolimus', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']
| 18,522,771
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.350.130.625', 'E01.370.350.700.060.200', 'E01.370.370.050.200', 'E01.370.370.380.200'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['E07.695.750.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.540.505.760'], ['E01.370.350.850.855', 'E04.502.890']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Fasciola hepatica: a technique for the study of gut penetration by juvenile flukes.
|
A method using light and electron microscopes is described which is suitable for the examination of gut penetration by juvenile Fasciola hepatica. It involved the ligation of small sections of the small intestine of rats and the introduction of artificially excysted flukes into these gut loops. By restricting the area of infection in this way it was possible to either recover flukes from the gut lumen or to prepare ultrathin sections for electron microscopy of flukes penetrating the gut wall. In addition, flukes were recovered from the body cavity at various times after preparation of loops in resistant and naive rats. It was found that more flukes reached the body cavity in naive rats than in resistant rats, demonstrating a resistance to infection in the gut loops of sensitized rats.
|
['Animals', 'Fasciola hepatica', 'Fascioliasis', 'Female', 'Intestine, Small', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 7,329,714
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715.408.380.420'], ['C01.610.335.865.354', 'C01.610.518.424', 'C06.552.664.424'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Bimodal effects of fluoxetine on cerebral nitrergic neurogenic vasodilation in porcine large cerebral arteries.
|
Fluoxetine-induced relaxation of the smooth muscle of small cerebral arteries is thought beneficial in treating mental disorders. The present study was designed to examine effect of fluoxetine on neurogenic nitrergic vasodilation in large cerebral arteries, using in vitro tissue myography, techniques of electrophysiology, calcium imaging and biochemistry. In isolated porcine endothelium-denuded basilar arteries in the presence of U-46619-induced active muscle tone, fluoxetine in low concentration (<0.03 ìM) significantly enhanced nicotine- and choline-induced relaxations. The vasorelaxation, however, was blocked by higher concentration of fluoxetine (>0.3 ìM) with maximum inhibition at 3 ìM. At this concentration, fluoxetine did not affect the basal tone or vasorelaxations induced by transmural nerve stimulation, sodium nitroprusside, or isoproterenol. Furthermore, fluoxetine exclusively blocked nicotine-induced inward currents and calcium influx in cultured neurons of rat superior cervical ganglion and Xenopus oocytes expressing human á7-, á3â2-, or á4â2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In addition, fluoxetine at 0.03 ìM and 3 ìM significantly enhanced and blocked, respectively, nicotine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release from cerebral perivascular sympathetic nerves. These results indicate that fluoxetine via axo-axonal interaction mechanism exhibits bimodal effects on nAChR-mediated neurogenic nitrergic dilation of basilar arteries. Fluoxetine in high concentrations decreases while in low concentrations it increases neurogenic vasodilation. These results from in vitro experimentation suggest that optimal concentrations of fluoxetine which increase or minimally affect neurogenic vasodilation indicative of regional cerebral blood flow may be important consideration in treating mental disorders.
|
['Animals', 'Basilar Artery', 'Calcium', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Fluoxetine', 'Neurons', 'Nitrergic Neurons', 'Nitroprusside', 'Rats', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Superior Cervical Ganglion', 'Swine', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasodilator Agents', 'Xenopus']
| 22,155,207
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.106'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.251'], ['A07.015.114.228'], ['D02.092.831.280'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.675.748', 'A11.671.738'], ['D01.248.497.158.291.350.550', 'D01.490.100.300.550', 'D01.625.400.100.325.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D27.505.519.562.437.850', 'D27.505.519.625.600.850', 'D27.505.519.625.850.900', 'D27.505.696.577.600.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.900'], ['A08.340.315.350.850', 'A08.800.050.300.300.850', 'A08.800.050.800.300.850'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['D27.505.954.411.918'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validity of an accelerometer as a vertical ground reaction force measuring device in healthy children and adolescents and in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta type I.
|
INTRODUCTION: Vertical ground reaction forces (vGRFs) are closely related to bone strength and development. It is therefore relevant to assess these forces in bone disorders accompanied with muscle weakness such as in osteogenesis imperfecta type I (OI type I). The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of vGRFs derived from an accelerometer.METHODS: Fourteen children and adolescents with a diagnosis of OI type I (age range: 7 to 21; mean age [SD]: 14.1 [4.8] years; 5 males) and fourteen healthy controls (age range: 6 to 21; mean age [SD]: 12.5 [4.2] years; 5 males) performed three repetitions of five different jump and rise tests on a ground reaction force plate. Jumps and rises outcomes were measured simultaneously with the ground reaction force plate and an accelerometer.RESULTS: Pearson correlation coefficients were over 0.96 (p<0.001) for the five tests. The limits of agreement represented between 17 and 31% of the average peak force measured by both devices. The accelerometer is a promising tool to assess ground reaction forces in everyday life settings and has been shown to be sufficiently sensitive to detect muscular weakness in children and adolescent with OI type I.
|
['Accelerometry', 'Adolescent', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Weakness', 'Osteogenesis Imperfecta', 'Young Adult']
| 24,879,019
|
[['E05.003'], ['M01.060.057'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.651.515', 'C10.597.613.593', 'C23.550.695', 'C23.888.592.608.593'], ['C05.116.099.708.685', 'C16.320.737', 'C17.300.200.540'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The phylogenetic history and biogeography of the frankincense and myrrh family (Burseraceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast sequence data.
|
Generalized hypotheses for the vicariant, Gondwanan origin of pantropically distributed eudicotyledon families must be refined to accommodate recently revised dates that indicate major continental rifting events predate the evolution of many tricolpate angiosperm clades. Here, we use molecular phylogenies of an eudicotyledon family previously hypothesized to have a Gondwanan origin, the Burseraceae, to test this and other alternative biogeographical hypotheses in light of recalibrated geological events. Phylogenies based on nuclear and chloroplast data were reconstructed for 13 of the 18 genera (50 spp. total) of Burseraceae using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Ages of all lineages were estimated using penalized likelihood and semiparametric rate smoothing [Bioinformatics 2003 (19) 301], which allows the user to calibrate phylogenies based on non-clock-like DNA sequence data with fossil information. Biogeographical hypotheses were tested by comparing ages of species and more inclusive lineages with their extant and most parsimonious ancestral distributions. Our data support a North American Paleocene origin for the Burseraceae followed by dispersal of ancestral lineages to eastern Laurasia and Southern Hemisphere continents.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Biological Evolution', 'Burseraceae', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chloroplasts', 'DNA Primers', 'Fossils', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Phylogeny', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 15,737,584
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.162'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.700.140'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['I01.076.368.584.311'], ['E05.318.740.500.475', 'E05.318.740.600.400', 'E05.599.835.500', 'N05.715.360.750.530.450', 'N05.715.360.750.625.450', 'N06.850.520.830.500.475', 'N06.850.520.830.600.400'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Futility of imaging to stage melanoma patients with a positive sentinel lymph node.
|
The use of staging imaging in melanoma patients with a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) has been reported to be of limited value. Improved accuracy resulting from the development of time-of-flight positron emission tomography (PET) and ongoing image quality improvement of computed tomography (CT) may challenge this statement. Our retrospective study assessed the clinical value of routine staging CT and PET/CT imaging in a recent cohort of asymptomatic SLN-positive patients. Between January 2011 and April 2014, 143 patients with a positive SLN were routinely staged using CT of various parts of the body or whole-body PET/CT. Scores were assigned for level of certainty for regional or distant metastases and incidental second primary malignancies. Diagnostic test performance was assessed, as well as the number and nature of ensuing additional diagnostic actions. CT was performed in 102 of 143 (71%) patients and PET/CT in 41 (29%) patients. The use of PET/CT increased over the study period. Metastases were found in two of the 143 patients (true-positive yield 1.4%). Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were 11, 73 and 4% for CT and 17, 57 and 6%, respectively, for PET/CT. None of the 143 patients had a change in AJCC stage. Two other primary malignancies were found. Twenty-one (15%) patients were subjected to 37 additional investigations, referrals or procedures. Routine staging imaging with CT or PET/CT in SLN-positive patients is not useful. The yield is low and the results are often false positive, leading to unnecessary additional tests, most of which are costly and some potentially morbid.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Melanoma', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography', 'Sentinel Lymph Node', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']
| 28,489,677
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.650.510', 'C04.557.580.625.650.510', 'C04.557.665.510'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789.625'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700.500', 'E01.370.350.350.810.645', 'E01.370.350.567.500', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810.490', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810.645', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810.723', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399.500', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810.700', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399.500'], ['A10.549.400.750', 'A15.382.520.604.412.750'], ['C04.588.805', 'C17.800.882'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Donor factors and liver transplantation.
|
There are thus many factors that may affect the suitability of a donor liver for transplantation, and a reliable, objective method of determining whether or not a liver is likely to function adequately after transplantation is urgently required. At the present time, however, the decision to use a particular donor liver remains a matter of clinical judgement. This decision will inevitably be influence both by the general availability of donor organs and by the urgency of recipient need at the time the liver becomes available, but should nevertheless be based primarily on an appreciation of the donor factors described above.
|
['ABO Blood-Group System', 'Blood Group Incompatibility', 'Body Temperature', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Tissue Donors']
| 1,412,987
|
[['D23.050.301.290.031', 'D23.050.705.230.031'], ['G09.188.114', 'G12.186'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.372.460'], ['E02.095.147.725.490', 'E04.210.650', 'E04.936.450.490', 'E04.936.580.490'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 harbors a multi-replicon, 9.73-Mbp genome shaped for versatility.
|
Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (LB400), a well studied, effective polychlorinated biphenyl-degrader, has one of the two largest known bacterial genomes and is the first nonpathogenic Burkholderia isolate sequenced. From an evolutionary perspective, we find significant differences in functional specialization between the three replicons of LB400, as well as a more relaxed selective pressure for genes located on the two smaller vs. the largest replicon. High genomic plasticity, diversity, and specialization within the Burkholderia genus are exemplified by the conservation of only 44% of the genes between LB400 and Burkholderia cepacia complex strain 383. Even among four B. xenovorans strains, genome size varies from 7.4 to 9.73 Mbp. The latter is largely explained by our findings that >20% of the LB400 sequence was recently acquired by means of lateral gene transfer. Although a range of genetic factors associated with in vivo survival and intercellular interactions are present, these genetic factors are likely related to niche breadth rather than determinants of pathogenicity. The presence of at least eleven "central aromatic" and twenty "peripheral aromatic" pathways in LB400, among the highest in any sequenced bacterial genome, supports this hypothesis. Finally, in addition to the experimentally observed redundancy in benzoate degradation and formaldehyde oxidation pathways, the fact that 17.6% of proteins have a better LB400 paralog than an ortholog in a different genome highlights the importance of gene duplication and repeated acquirement, which, coupled with their divergence, raises questions regarding the role of paralogs and potential functional redundancies in large-genome microbes.
|
['Burkholderia', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Molecular Structure', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Replicon']
| 17,030,797
|
[['B03.660.075.090.688.100'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G05.360.340.024.745']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Studies on the recovery from tolerance to tumor antigens. II. Accelerated recovery of tumor-specific effector T cells in tolerant mice by applying T-T cell interaction mechanism.
|
C3H/He mice were injected i.v. with heavily X-irradiated syngeneic X5563 tumor cells three times at 4-day intervals. This regimen resulted in the abrogation of the potential to generate X5563 tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity as induced by i.d. inoculation of viable X5563 tumor cells followed by surgical resection of the tumor, representing the tolerance induction. Although such a tumor-specific tolerant state was long-lasting, the recovery of anti-X5563 effector T cell responses was observed when the above ordinary immunization procedure was performed 6 months after the tolerance induction. The present study investigated whether the recovery from the tolerance can be accelerated by applying a helper-effector T-T cell interaction model in which enhanced anti-X5563 immunity is obtained by priming mice with BCG and by immunizing X5563 tumor cells modified with BCG cross-reactive MDP hapten (designated as L4-MDP) in the presence of anti-L4-MDP helper T cells preinduced with BCG. The results demonstrated that BCG-primed mice which received the tolerance regimen failed to generate anti-X5563 immunity when the ordinary immunization was performed 2 or 3 months after the tolerance induction. In contrast, the immunization of BCG-primed and X5563-tolerant mice with L4-MDP-coupled X5563 tumor cells at comparable timing to that of the ordinary immunization were capable of generating potent X5563-specific in vivo protective T cell-mediated immunity. As control groups, BCG-primed or unprimed tolerant mice did not develop anti-X5563 immunity when immunized with L4-MDP-uncoupled or L4-MDP-coupled tumor cells, respectively. These results indicate that immunization of BCG-primed, tumor-tolerant mice with L4-MDP-modified tumor cells results in accelerated recovery from the tumor tolerance.
|
['Animals', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Bone Marrow', 'Cell Line', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Mice', 'Plasmacytoma', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Time Factors']
| 3,493,845
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.050.285'], ['A15.382.216'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G12.535.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['C04.557.595.600', 'C20.683.515.880'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autoregulation of capillary pressure and filtration rate in isolated rat hindquarters.
|
The hypothesis that skeletal muscle capillary pressure and/or capillary filtration rate are autoregulated was tested in 10 isolated rat hindquarters. Capillary pressure was directly assessed with the venous occlusion technique as abdominal aortic pressure was reduced in 25-mmHg decrements from 125 to 25 mmHg. Capillary pressure was not altered by reduction of arterial pressure from 125 to 100 mmHg, but it decreased progressively when arterial pressure was reduced from 100 to 25 mmHg. As perfusion pressure was reduced, capillary filtration rate decreased progressively, while the capillary filtration coefficient increased. The progressive decrease in capillary pressures was less than that predicted for a totally passive system, implying that capillary pressure was autoregulated to some degree. However, analysis of pre- to postcapillary resistance ratios suggested that the degree of capillary pressure autoregulation was minimal when perfusion pressures varied over a range of 100-25 mmHg. Capillary filtration rate was maintained better than would be predicted from the measured fall in capillary pressure by readjustments of interstitial Starling forces. These results indicate that capillary pressure is poorly autoregulated in rat skeletal muscle but that compensatory readjustments in interstitial Starling forces help maintain fluid balance and prevent excess dehydration of the interstitium of skeletal muscle as arterial pressure is reduced.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Extremities', 'Filtration', 'Homeostasis', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Microcirculation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Vascular Resistance']
| 4,003,564
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['A01.378'], ['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['G07.410'], ['H01.548'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['G09.330.380.921']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tactile priming accelerates conscious access to continuous flash-suppressed characters.
|
NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Research has reported that some sensory input, such as auditory and olfactory input, can affect subliminal visual processing. However, it is important to address whether tactile input, another form of elementary sensory input, could influence the interocular rivalry process. What is the main finding and its importance? We present several pieces of evidence regarding the influences of familiar tactile shapes and temperature on continuous flash suppression. Our findings provide support for the hypothesis that there is a cross-modal effect on subconscious visual semantic processing of Chinese characters. More specifically, tactile sensations affect subliminal processing of visual information.ABSTRACT: Tactile and visual sensations are the most vital human functions for obtaining environmental information. However, whether tactile information influences visual processing remains unclear. In this study, a breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) protocol was used to measure the extent to which tactile sensations facilitate visual processing subconsciously. In experiment 1, finger stimulation with cold and hot temperatures served as primers for the words 'cold' and 'hot', which were in turn suppressed by CFS. In experiment 2, subjects viewed the upright or inverted word 'cell phone', with or without tactile priming of holding a cell phone in their hand. Results demonstrated that the tactile primer significantly shortened the reaction time in the touch group compared with the control group in both experiments. Thus, the tactile sensation of a familiar article and/or temperature appears to facilitate corresponding visual semantic recognition to break CFS earlier.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition', 'Cold Temperature', 'Female', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Reaction Time', 'Semantics', 'Touch', 'Young Adult']
| 31,475,750
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G01.906.595.272', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.300', 'G16.500.750.775.710.300', 'N06.230.300.100.725.154', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.300'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['L01.559.598.745'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in ovarian masses: experience at a tertiary oncology center.
|
PURPOSE: Accurate frozen section diagnosis is necessary for appropriate surgical management. In this study, we planned to determine the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis in our center and to study the factors which may influence the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian tumors.METHODS: In the present study, frozen section diagnosis of adnexal masses in 282 patients was compared with permanent section diagnosis as the gold standard.RESULTS: The overall accuracy of frozen section diagnosis was 95.7%. The sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis for benign, borderline and malignant lesions was 99, 60, and 92%, respectively. The tumor size in discrepant cases was larger than the concordant cases, however no association between mucinous histology and inaccurate diagnosis was found. The sensitivities of gross examination and clinical data in distinguishing benign from non-benign lesions were 93 and 70%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Frozen section is a reliable method for surgical management of patients with adnexal masses. Gross examination and clinical data are two valuable parts of intraoperative consultation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cryopreservation', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Oncology Service, Hospital', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Ovary', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']
| 19,116,727
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['E01.354.340'], ['E01.354.506'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.513', 'N04.452.442.452.422.513'], ['C04.588.322.455', 'C13.351.500.056.630.705', 'C13.351.937.418.685', 'C19.344.410', 'C19.391.630.705'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Hearing loss with delayed onset of vertigo.
|
The association between the delayed onset of episodic true vertigo and previous sensorineural hearing loss has been previously described. We have reviewed our series of sixty consecutive labyrinthectomies to determine the prevalence of this disorder in this population, and found a variety of etiologic agents of sensorineural hearing loss with subsequent delayed vertigo. Relief from vertigo following surgery has confirmed that the previously deafened ear has been the cause of the vertigo. Case histories are presented and the literature is reviewed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Measles', 'Middle Aged', 'Otitis Media, Suppurative', 'Otosclerosis', 'Vertigo']
| 4,025,535
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.925.782.580.600.500.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.830.694', 'C09.218.705.663.680'], ['C09.218.768'], ['C09.218.568.900.883', 'C10.597.951', 'C23.888.592.958']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Recognition, Treatment, and Monitoring of Canine Hypovolemic Shock in First Opinion Practice in the United Kingdom.
|
The aim of this study was to gain a greater understanding of the detection, treatment, and monitoring of hypovolemic shock (HVS) in dogs by general practitioners in the United Kingdom (UK). An online survey was devised and distributed by email to first opinion practices in the UK. All veterinarians working in first opinion practice treating small animals were eligible to complete the survey. Most respondents (n = 164, 93%) were confident with HVS diagnosis. Isotonic crystalloid fluids were the most common fluid type for first-line treatment and administered as a 10-30 mL/kg bolus over 10-30 minutes by 57% respondents. Initial intravenous isotonic crystalloid fluid rates for HVS management ranged from maintenance fluid requirements to 90 mL/kg/hr for an undefined time period. A synthetic colloid was the most popular second-line fluid choice, typically considered after a total administered volume of 60-90 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid fluids. Only 72 respondents (40.7%) were able to measure blood lactate in-house, which was used routinely by 36 respondents (20.3%) for initial treatment decision making. Respondents treating HVS most frequently were more likely to use lactate for initial decision making (P = .008). This study highlighted variabilities in the initial approach, fluid management strategies and monitoring instituted by UK general practitioners when faced with canine patients in HVS. This suggests that there is a discrepancy in what is determined to be the most optimal diagnostic and treatment plan for canine HVS patients.
|
['Animals', 'Dog Diseases', 'Dogs', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Humans', "Practice Patterns, Physicians'", 'Resuscitation', 'Shock', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United Kingdom', 'Veterinarians']
| 32,482,289
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.268'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N04.590.374.577', 'N05.300.625'], ['E02.365.647'], ['C23.550.835'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.363'], ['M01.526.485.905', 'N02.360.905']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Glycodeoxycholate transport in brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rat jejunum and ileum.
|
The transport of the bile salt, glycodeoxycholate, was studied in vesicles derived from rat jejunal and ileal brush border membranes using a rapid filtration technique. The uptake was osmotically sensitive, linearly related to membrane protein and resembled D-glucose transport. In ileal, but not jejunal, vesicles glycodeoxycholate uptake showed a transient vesicle/medium ratio greater than 1 in the presence of an initial sodium gradient. The differences between glycodeoxycholate uptake in the presence and absence of a Na+ gradient yielded a saturable transport component. Kinetic analysis revealed a Km value similar to that described previously in everted whole intestinal segments and epithelial cells isolated from the ileum. These findings support the existence of a transport system in the brush border membrane that: (1) reflects kinetics and characteristics of bile salt transport in intact intestinal preparations, and (2) catalyzes the co-transport of Na+ and bile salt across the ileal membrane in a manner analogous to D-glucose transport.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport, Active', 'Cell Membrane', 'Deoxycholic Acid', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glycodeoxycholic Acid', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Jejunum', 'Kinetics', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Microvilli', 'Osmolar Concentration', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Sodium']
| 486,452
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reproductive character displacement and speciation in periodical cicadas, with description of new species, 13-year Magicicada neotredecem.
|
Acoustic mate-attracting signals of related sympatric, synchronic species are always distinguishable, but those of related allopatric species sometimes are not, thus suggesting that such signals may evolve to "reinforce" premating species isolation when similar species become sympatric. This hypothesis predicts divergences restricted to regions of sympatry in partially overlapping species, but such "reproductive character displacement" has rarely been confirmed. We report such a case in the acoustic signals of a previously unrecognized 13-year periodical cicada species, Magicicada neotredecim, described here as a new species (see Appendix). Where M. neotredecim overlaps M. tredecim in the central United States, the dominant male call pitch (frequency) of M. neotredecim increases from approximately 1.4 kHz to 1.7 kHz, whereas that of M. tredecim remains comparatively stable. The average preferences of female M. neotredecim for call pitch show a similar geographic pattern, changing with the call pitch of conspecific males. Magicicada neotredecim differs from 13-year M. tredecim in abdomen coloration, mitochondrial DNA, and call pitch, but is not consistently distinguishable from 17-year M. septendecim; thus, like other Magicicada species, M. neotredecim appears most closely related to a geographically adjacent counterpart with the alternative life cycle. Speciation in Magicicada may be facilitated by life-cycle changes that create temporal isolation, and reinforcement could play a role by fostering divergence in premating signals prior to speciation. We present two theories of Magicicada speciation by life-cycle evolution: "nurse-brood facilitation" and "life-cycle canalization."
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Animals', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Geography', 'Hemiptera', 'Life Cycle Stages', 'Male', 'Periodicity', 'Reproduction', 'United States', 'Vibration', 'Wings, Animal']
| 11,005,298
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275', 'N06.230'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['B05.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500'], ['G01.910.645', 'G07.180.562'], ['G08.686.784'], ['Z01.107.567.875'], ['G01.374.930'], ['A13.395.823']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Quantitative analysis and chromatographic fingerprinting for the quality evaluation of Forsythia suspensa extract by HPLC coupled with photodiode array detector.
|
A simple and reproducible HPLC-photodiode array detector method has been described for evaluating and controlling quality of Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE). First, by analysis of chromatographic fingerprints, the similarities of chromatograms of FSE samples from the same pharmaceutical company exceeded 0.999, 0.997 and 0.960, respectively, although they were much lower from different pharmaceutical companies. Second, by further comparing many batches of extract chromatograph charts with the corresponding reference herb materials, the "common peaks" 3, 5, 7 and 10 were defined as "marker peaks", which were identified as (+)-pinoresinol-beta-D-glucoside, forsythiaside, phillyrin and phillygenin, respectively. Third, four "marker peaks" were simultaneously determined based on fingerprint chromatogram for further controlling the quality of FSE quantitatively. Namely, the newly developed method was successfully applied to analyze 38 batches of FSE samples supplied by three pharmaceutical factories, which showed acceptable linearity, intra-day precision (RSD<2.76%), inter-day precision (RSD<3.43%) and the average recovery rates in the range of (95.38+/-2.96)% to (101.60+/-3.08)%. At last, hierarchical clustering analysis and Bayes discriminant analysis statistical methods were used to classify and differentiate the 38 FSE samples to provide the basis for guiding reasonable use of FSE and controlling its quality better.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Forsythia', 'Glucosides', 'Glycosides', 'Lignans', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plants, Medicinal', 'Quality Control']
| 19,950,349
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.640.333'], ['D09.408.348'], ['D09.408'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['B01.650.560'], ['J01.897.608']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome) by automated sequencing and computer-assisted interpretation: toward mutation mapping of the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene.
|
Virtually all mutations causing Hunter syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type II) are expected to be new mutations. Therefore, as a means of molecular diagnosis, we developed a rapid method to sequence the entire iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) coding region. PCR amplicons representing the IDS cDNA were sequenced with an automatic instrument, and output was analyzed by computer-assisted interpretation of tracings, using Staden programs on a Sun computer. Mutations were found in 10 of 11 patients studied. Unique missense mutations were identified in five patients: H229Y (685C-->T, severe phenotype); P358R (1073C-->G, severe); R468W (1402C-->T, mild); P469H (1406C-->A, mild); and Y523C (1568A-->G, mild). Non-sense mutations were identified in two patients: R172X (514C-->T, severe) and Q389X (1165C-->T, severe). Two other patients with severe disease had insertions of 1 and 14 bp, in exons 3 and 6, respectively. In another patient with severe disease, the predominant (> 95%) IDS message resulted from aberrant splicing, which skipped exon 3. In this last case, consensus sequences for splice sites in exon 3 were intact, but a 395 C-->G mutation was identified 24 bp upstream from the 3' splice site of exon 3. This mutation created a cryptic 5' splice site with a better consensus sequence for 5' splice sites than the natural 5' splice site of intron 3. A minor population of the IDS message was processed by using this cryptic splice site; however, no correctly spliced message was detected in leukocytes from this patient. The mutational topology of the IDS gene is presented.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'Electronic Data Processing', 'Humans', 'Iduronate Sulfatase', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis II', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']
| 7,887,413
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.393.183'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['L01.224.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.277.352.827.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['C10.597.606.360.455.750', 'C16.320.322.500.750', 'C16.320.400.525.750', 'C16.320.565.202.715.645', 'C16.320.565.595.600.645', 'C17.300.550.575.645', 'C18.452.648.202.715.645', 'C18.452.648.595.600.645'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.393.760.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MicroRNA-95 promotes cell proliferation and targets sorting Nexin 1 in human colorectal carcinoma.
|
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strongly implicated in cancer but their specific roles and functions in the major cancers have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we defined the oncogenic significance and function of miR-95, which we found to be elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues by microarray analysis. Evaluation of an expanded CRC cohort revealed that miR-95 expression was up-regulated in nearly half of the tumors examined (42/87) compared with the corresponding noncancerous tissues. Ectopic overexpression of miR-95 in human CRC cell lines promoted cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo, whereas RNAi-mediated silencing of miR-95 decreased cell growth ratio. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-95 repressed the expression of reporter gene coupled to the 3'-untranslated region of sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), whereas miR-95 silencing up-regulated SNX1 expression. Moreover, miR-95 expression levels correlated inversely with SNX1 protein levels in human CRC tissues. RNAi-mediated knockdown of SNX1 phenocopied the proliferation-promoting effect of miR-95, whereas overexpression of SNX1 blocked miR-95-induced proliferation of CRC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that miR-95 increases proliferation by directly targeting SNX1, defining miR-95 as a new oncogenic miRNA in CRC.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Animals', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'HCT116 Cells', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Sorting Nexins', 'Up-Regulation']
| 21,427,358
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.161', 'G07.345.249.410'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['A11.251.210.190.380', 'A11.251.860.180.380'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['D12.776.543.990.150.875'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Multimodality agents for tumor imaging (PET, fluorescence) and photodynamic therapy. A possible "see and treat" approach.
|
Methyl 3-(1'-m-iodobenzyloxyethyl)-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (2), obtained in a sequence of reactions from pyropheophorbide-a (a chlorophyll-a derivative), was found to be a promising imaging agent and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The electrophilic aromatic iodination of the corresponding trimethylstannyl intermediate with Na124I in the presence of an Iodogen bead afforded 124I-labeled photosensitizer 4 with >95% radioactive specificity. In addition to drug-uptake, the light fluence and fluence rate that were used for the light treatment had a significant impact in long-term tumor cure. The iodo photosensitizer 2 (nonlabeled analogue of 4) produced 100% tumor cure (5/5 mice were tumor free on day 60) at a dose of 1.5 micromol/kg and a light dose of 128 J/cm2, 14 mW/cm2 for 2.5 h (lambda(max) 665 nm) at 24 h postinjection. The photosensitizer also showed promising tumor fluorescence and PET imaging ability. Our present work demonstrates the utility of the first 124I-labeled photosensitizer as a "multimodality agent", which could further be improved by using more tumor-avid and/or target-specific photosensitizers.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chlorophyll', 'Female', 'Fluorescence', 'Half-Life', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Photochemotherapy', 'Photosensitizing Agents', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Receptors, GABA-A', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 16,190,755
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.665.500', 'G01.590.540.665.500'], ['G01.910.405'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['E02.186.500', 'E02.319.685', 'E02.774.722'], ['D27.505.954.444.600', 'D27.505.954.600.710'], ['E01.370.350.350.800.700', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800.399', 'E01.370.350.710.800.399', 'E01.370.350.825.800.399', 'E01.370.384.730.800.399'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175.562', 'D12.776.157.530.400.400.100.100', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175.562', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175.562', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.100.100', 'D12.776.543.750.130.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.300.300'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Education Differentially Buffers Cognitive Performance in Black and White Older Adults.
|
OBJECTIVES: Given that black American older adults are more likely to have lower educational attainment and perform worse on cognitive tests than white Americans, we examined whether increased education would confer greater cognitive advantage to black Americans on measures of global and specific domains of cognitive function.METHODS: The sample included 522 community-dwelling older adults from a larger study. An analysis of covariance was conducted with race and education as between-participant factors and global cognition as the dependent variable. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted with five cognitive domains (immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, language, attention, and delayed memory) as the dependent variables.RESULTS: Significant main effects indicated that black Americans, F(1,516) = 29.18, p < .001, and individuals with less education, F(1,516) = 44.93, p < .001, evidenced lower cognitive functioning, controlling for age and overall health status, and the interaction term reached statistical significance, F(1,516) = 7.95, p = .005. The impact of education on global cognitive function for black participants was more than twice as large (Cohen's d = 1.30) than for white participants (Cohen's d = .52). There was a significant race ? education interaction for the cognitive domain of attention (p < .001) and a composite measure of non-memory domains (i.e., language, visuospatial/constructional, and attention; p < .001).DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that educational attainment is particularly important for black Americans with respect to global cognitive function, attention, and non-memory domains.
|
['African Americans', 'Aged', 'Cognition', 'Cognitive Aging', 'Cognitive Reserve', 'Educational Status', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Independent Living', 'Male', 'Neuropsychological Tests']
| 30,304,527
|
[['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G07.345.124.260'], ['F02.463.188.331'], ['N01.824.196'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I03.050.500', 'N01.224.791.550', 'N06.850.505.400.800.550'], ['F04.711.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
cDNA cloning and mitochondrial import of the beta-subunit of the human electron-transfer flavoprotein.
|
We have isolated a cDNA clone which encodes the entire beta-subunit of human electron-transferring flavoprotein (ETF) by screening an expression library from human liver using polyclonal antibodies against porcine ETF. This cDNA encodes a protein of 255 amino-acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 27,877 Da which shows a high degree of similarity with partial amino-acid sequences obtained from both rat liver and Paracoccus denitrificans beta-ETF. Northern-blot analysis shows that the human beta-ETF mRNA is approximately 1 kb in size and is abundant in liver, heart and skeletal muscle. Incubation with intact mitochondria indicates that the cDNA-encoded beta-ETF polypeptide contains the information necessary to reach the mitochondrial matrix. These data are in agreement with previous experiments suggesting that beta-ETF, unlike the majority of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix proteins, does not have a cleavable leader peptide. Furthermore, when valinomycin is added to the incubation mixture, the import is abolished, thus demonstrating that it is an energy-dependent process. Interestingly, the sequence analysis of beta-ETF protein identifies a 26.3% identity with the Fix A gene product of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azorhizobium caulinodans.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA', 'Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins', 'Flavoproteins', 'Humans', 'Mitochondria', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Rabbits', 'Sequence Analysis', 'Swine', 'Transcription, Genetic']
| 8,504,797
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D08.811.600.250.500', 'D12.776.331.199', 'D12.776.543.277.500'], ['D12.776.331'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['E05.393.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers in patients living in a radionuclide-contaminated area].
|
The state of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer disease residing at the territory contaminated with radionuclides (35 patients) and at relatively clean (42) territory, as well as in 47 virtually healthy subjects was studied. It was established that in patients residing at contaminated territory, the ulcer diseases aggravated rapidly, the complications often occurred, and the immunologic indices didn't differ from those in patients residing at relatively clean territory.
|
['Adult', 'Antibody Formation', 'Chronic Disease', 'Duodenal Ulcer', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Gastrectomy', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Power Plants', 'Radioactive Hazard Release', 'Recurrence', 'Stomach Ulcer', 'Ukraine', 'Vagotomy']
| 10,912,059
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.348', 'C06.405.748.586.349'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['E04.210.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.780', 'J03.540.680'], ['N06.850.135.848'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['C06.405.469.275.800.849', 'C06.405.748.586.849'], ['Z01.542.248.960', 'Z01.542.931.960', 'Z01.586.950.960'], ['E04.525.210.105.600.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intravenous tyramine response in migraine before and during treatment with indoramin.
|
We studied the response of 31 migraine sufferers (20 women, 11 men) to intravenous tyramine (the tyraminedose)pressor response test). Patients were treated either with pacebo tablets or indoramin, and alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, in a double-blind crrossover trial. We found that patients with migraine required significantly less tyramine to increase their cystolic blod pressure by 30 mm Hg when compared with matched controls. Indoramin significantly increased the amount of tyramine needed to raise the systolic blood pressure among migraine suffers and reduced the incidence of posttyramine migraine for m 46% while patients were on placebo tablets to 8% when they were receiveing indoramin. There was no association between tyramine sensitivity and a history of premenstrual or dietary migraine, nor was there a significant difference in the indierenence in the incidence of post-tyramine migrain between men women. We conclude that the intravenous tyramine test may be valuable in assessing migraine suffers who will respond to an alpha-advenergic blocking agent such as indoramin.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Indoles', 'Indoramin', 'Male', 'Migraine Disorders', 'Tyramine']
| 324,566
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['D02.065.277.480', 'D02.241.223.100.100.470', 'D02.455.426.559.389.127.085.470', 'D03.383.621.320', 'D03.633.100.473.432'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.750'], ['D02.092.211.215.811']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Robot-based assessment of motor and proprioceptive function identifies biomarkers for prediction of functional independence measures.
|
BACKGROUND: Neurological impairments following stroke impact the ability of individuals to perform daily activities, although the relative impact of individual impairments is not always clear. Recovery of sensorimotor function following stroke can vary widely, from complete recovery to modest or minimal improvements, across individuals. An important question is whether one can predict the amount of recovery based on initial examination of the individual. Robotic technologies are now being used to quantify a range of behavioral capabilities of individuals post-stroke, providing a rich set of biomarkers of sensory and motor dysfunction. The objective of the present study is to use mathematical models to identify which biomarkers best predict the ability of subjects with stroke to perform daily activities before and after rehabilitation.METHODS: The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was quantified approximately 2 weeks and three months post-stroke in 61 ischemic and 24 hemorrhagic subjects with stroke. At 2 weeks post-stroke, subjects also completed clinical assessments and robotic assessments of sensory and motor function. A computational search algorithm, known as Fast Orthogonal Search, was used to identify the robotic and clinical biomarkers that best estimated Functional Independence Measures.RESULTS: Clinical and robot-based biomarkers were statistically similar at predicting FIM scores at 2 weeks (r = 0.817 vs. 0.774, respectively) and 3 months (r = 0.643 vs. 0.685, respectively). Importantly, robot-based biomarkers highlighted that parameters related to proprioception were influential for predicting FIM scores at 2 weeks, whereas biomarkers related to bimanual motor function were influential for predicting FIM scores at 3 months.CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides a proof of principle on the use of robot-based biomarkers of sensory and motor dysfunction to estimate present and future FIM scores. The addition of other behavioral tasks will likely increase the accuracy of these predictions, and potentially help guide rehabilitation strategies to maximize functional recovery.
|
['Adult', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Proprioception', 'Recovery of Function', 'Robotics', 'Stroke Rehabilitation']
| 26,611,144
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['F02.830.816.541', 'G07.888.750', 'G11.561.790.541'], ['G16.757'], ['H01.671.293.643', 'J01.897.104.834', 'L01.224.050.375.630'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.477.500', 'E02.831.477.500', 'H02.403.680.600.750.500', 'N02.421.784.511.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Decomposition of condensed phase energetic materials: interplay between uni- and bimolecular mechanisms.
|
Activation energy for the decomposition of explosives is a crucial parameter of performance. The dramatic suppression of activation energy in condensed phase decomposition of nitroaromatic explosives has been an unresolved issue for over a decade. We rationalize the reduction in activation energy as a result of a mechanistic change from unimolecular decomposition in the gas phase to a series of radical bimolecular reactions in the condensed phase. This is in contrast to other classes of explosives, such as nitramines and nitrate esters, whose decomposition proceeds via unimolecular reactions both in the gas and in the condensed phase. The thermal decomposition of a model nitroaromatic explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is presented as a prime example. Electronic structure and reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-lg) calculations enable to directly probe the condensed phase chemistry under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, identifying the key bimolecular radical reactions responsible for the low activation route. This study elucidates the origin of the difference between the activation energies in the gas phase (~62 kcal/mol) and the condensed phase (~35 kcal/mol) of TNT and identifies the corresponding universal principle. On the basis of these findings, the different reactivities of nitro-based organic explosives are rationalized as an interplay between uni- and bimolecular processes.
|
['Electrons', 'Kinetics', 'Molecular Dynamics Simulation', 'Molecular Structure', 'Thermodynamics', 'Trinitrotoluene']
| 24,495,109
|
[['G01.249.335', 'G01.358.500.750'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E05.599.595.500', 'G02.111.570.895', 'L01.224.160.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['G01.906'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.832.868']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alpha 2U-globulin: measurement in rat kidney following administration of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.
|
Hyaline droplet formation was stimulated markedly in the kidneys of post-puberty male rats 24-48 h after a single oral dose of 12/24 mmol/kg 2,2,4-trimethylpentane [TMP]. Renal hyaline droplet formation could not be detected in female rats or in pre-puberty male rats following similar doses of TMP. A dose-dependent increase in the renal concentration of the androgen-dependent low molecular weight protein, alpha 2U-globulin was observed in post-puberty male rats 24 h after a single oral dose of TMP, over the range 0.3-12.0 mmol/kg. After administration of a single dose of 12 mmol/kg TMP to male rats, the renal concentration of alpha 2U-globulin rose steadily up to a peak after 48 h and then returned slowly to near normal after 7 days. Renal alpha 2U-globulin could not be detected in female rats and in pre-puberty male rats. An immunocytochemical assay was developed to examine the distribution of alpha 2U-globulin within the kidney. alpha 2U-Globulin was localised primarily in the S2 segment of renal proximal tubules in untreated male rats. Rats which received a single dose of 12 mmol TMP/kg showed not only a greater staining intensity, due to the presence of a higher concentration of alpha 2U-globulin, but also staining in adjacent segments of the renal cortex. Several urinary biochemical indicators of nephrotoxicity were measured daily in male rats for up to 72 h following a single dose of 12 mmol TMP/kg. Renal proximal tubular function was unimpaired by TMP treatment. On the basis of studies in untreated and TMP-treated rats, a strong association has been found between the presence of renal hyaline droplets and the occurrence of renal alpha 2U-globulin. The findings in the present study provide an explanation for the occurrence of renal hyaline droplets only in adult male rats, but do not, as yet, establish the toxicological significance of increases in renal hyaline droplet formation.
|
['Alpha-Globulins', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Octanes', 'Rats', 'Sex Factors', 'Sexual Maturation']
| 2,429,405
|
[['D12.776.124.790.106', 'D12.776.377.715.085'], ['B01.050'], ['A05.810.453'], ['D02.455.326.146.720'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['G07.345.750.750', 'G08.686.841.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Frequent and prolonged nocturnal occupation of port areas by Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis): forced choice for feeding?
|
During the Yangtze Freshwater Dolphin Expedition 2012, Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) were acoustically monitored in 9 port areas at night. During 6566 min of nocturnal monitoring, porpoise sonar was detected for 488 min (7.43% of the total time). Of all 81 encounters, the longest echolocation span obtained was 102.9 min, suggesting frequent and prolonged porpoise occupation of the port areas. A combined total of 2091 click trains were recorded, with 129 (6.2%) containing minimum inter-click intervals (ICIs) below 10 ms (termed a buzz). Buzzes with a decrease in ICIs and search and approach phases that resembled feeding echolocation signals accounted for 44.2% (N=52) of all buzzes. Buzzes with an increase in ICIs, suggesting a mirrored prey capture phase, accounted for 20.2% (N=26) and could reflect attempts to locate escaped prey because they were followed by approach-phase feeding buzzes. Anecdotal evidence of porpoises fleeing the proximity of vessels was observed. The recordings indicating clusters of porpoises feeding near the port areas suggest a forced choice for feeding due to the relatively higher prey availability in the port areas compared to other areas in the Yangtze River that are probably overfished.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Echolocation', 'Ecosystem', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Porpoises', 'Predatory Behavior', 'Rivers', 'Ships']
| 24,920,210
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['F01.145.113.055.400'], ['G16.500.275.157', 'N06.230.124'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.875.566'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['J01.937.817']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Elevated defibrillation thresholds in patients undergoing biventricular defibrillator implantation: incidence and predictors.
|
BACKGROUND: The biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is an important therapy for select patients with severe heart failure. Given reported risk factors for elevated defibrillation thresholds (DFTs), patients undergoing biventricular ICD placement would be suspected of having a higher incidence of elevated DFT.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical predictors and mortality risk of elevated DFTs in patients receiving a biventricular ICD.METHODS: Characteristics of patients undergoing biventricular ICD placement with an elevated DFT were compared to those without an elevated DFT.RESULTS: An elevated DFT was found in 14 (12%) of 121 patients. Mean QRS duration was 210 +/- 50 ms in the elevated DFT group and 171 +/- 36 ms in the normal DFT group (P = .01). Patients with a QRS duration >or=200 ms were more likely to have an elevated DFT than those with a duration <200 ms (odds ratio 13.4, 95% confidence interval 3.1-66.7, P <.01). No other clinical characteristics were associated with an elevated DFT. More than 90% of patients with an elevated DFT achieved an adequate safety margin through system modification or manipulation of their drug regimen. An elevated DFT did not have an impact on 2-year mortality.CONCLUSION: Patients with a biventricular ICD had a 12% incidence of elevated DFT in our sequential patient cohort. QRS duration prior to biventricular ICD placement is the most powerful predictor of patients at risk for an elevated DFT. An elevated DFT does not have an impact on mortality, perhaps because of successful implementation of system modifications to ensure an adequate defibrillation safety margin.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pennsylvania', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Ventricular Fibrillation']
| 16,945,792
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.107.567.875.075.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.350.550', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.550'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['C14.280.067.922', 'C23.550.073.922']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Persistent organic pollutant concentrations in first birth mothers across Mexico.
|
This project was initiated by the North America Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC). Its main purpose was to obtain an initial profile on pregnant woman's exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in North America (Canada, the United States and Mexico). Persistent organic pollutants are transferred to the fetus via the placenta during the pregnancy or to the infant via maternal milk; therefore, the pregnant woman's body burden is important because of the higher exposures and potential health effects in the fetus and infant. This paper presents the results from 240 pregnant women in 10 Mexican cities, and includes the concentrations of various POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins and furans (PCDDs and PCDFs) in maternal plasma. We found concentrations of p,p'-DDE in maternal samples from Coatzacoalcos to be ?60% higher than those found in Ciudad Obregon, which had the second highest concentration. Pregnant women from Merida had higher mean concentrations of PCBs than all women in other regions. Results for PCDDs and PCDFs plus dioxin-like PCBs data were only available on the basis of composite samples, and their concentrations are similar in most cities except for Coatzacoalcos, which had more than double the concentration found in other cities. Although this study provides useful information on the variability of POPs in specific populations and possible regional/local differences, these results cannot be generalized to the entire Mexican population because of differences in age, gender, sources of exposure and nonrandom nature of the sample.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Benzofurans', 'Body Burden', 'Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Humans', 'Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated', 'Maternal Exposure', 'Mexico', 'Pesticides', 'Polychlorinated Biphenyls', 'Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins', 'Pregnancy', 'Young Adult']
| 21,971,379
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D03.633.100.127'], ['E05.799.638.231', 'N06.850.460.200'], ['D02.309.250', 'D03.633.300.258.500'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['D27.888.284'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.526.439'], ['N06.850.460.350.145'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['D02.309.750', 'D02.455.426.559.389.185.698', 'D02.455.526.439.773'], ['D02.309.500.450', 'D03.633.300.786'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Cronassial in the treatment of neuropathies and atrophy of the optic nerve].
|
The study presents the evaluation of treatment by Cronassial of 26 patients including 16 with post-inflammatory optic atrophy, 4 with optic neuritis and 6 multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuropathy. One half of the patients showed an improvement of the visual acuity and visual field, and small improvement of the visual evoked potentials. No improvement of the conductivity of the impulses of the retino-cortical potentials has been observed. The best efficacy of the compound has been seen in the inflammatory conditions of the optic nerve.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Gangliosides', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Optic Atrophy', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Visual Acuity', 'Visual Fields']
| 1,640,682
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.265.216.500.425', 'G11.561.200.500.425', 'G14.330'], ['D09.400.410.420.025.475', 'D10.390.470.025.475', 'D10.570.877.360.025.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['C10.292.700.225', 'C11.640.451'], ['C10.292.700.550', 'C11.640.576'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiac allograft tolerance: failure to develop in interleukin-4-deficient mice correlates with unusual allosensitization patterns.
|
BACKGROUND: The development of long-term allograft survival and understanding the mechanism(s) by which it is induced are major goals of experimental transplantation. Studies by several different investigators have provided conflicting evidence for the role of interleukin (IL)-4 in the process of allograft rejection or long-term allograft survival. These studies examine the role of IL-4 in experimental cardiac allograft rejection and in inducing long-term allograft survival. A possible mechanism for long-term allograft maintenance via alternative allosensitization is discussed.METHODS: Adult IL-4-intact or IL-4-deficient (knockout, KO) C57BL/6 (B6) mice were transplanted with heterotopic DBA/2 cardiac allografts and immunosuppressed either with gallium nitrate (GN), or the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, GK1.5. Cellular allosensitization was assessed by testing the allograft recipients for donor-reactive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. The presence of antigen-driven suppressive mechanisms was assessed using a linked unresponsiveness (bystander suppression) DTH assay.RESULTS: In general, the results were the same with either GN or GK1.5. We observed that (1) IL-4 is not required for acute allograft rejection or allogeneic DTH responses in nonsuppressed mice, (2) IL-4 is required for long-term allograft survival in immunosuppressed mice, (3) immunosuppression creates a requirement for IL-4 in major histocompatibility complex self-restricted, but not allorestricted, DTH responses, and (4) the development of alloantigen-dependent linked DTH unresponsiveness (bystander suppression) in allograft recipients requires IL-4.CONCLUSION: In summary, these studies demonstrate a common requirement for IL-4 during the development of long-term allograft survival and the concurrent development of alloantigen-dependent DTH down-regulation in cardiac allograft recipients after immunosuppression.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Immunosuppression', 'Interleukin-4', 'Isoantigens', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Time Factors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 9,625,018
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['G12.875.545.328'], ['G12.875.545.340'], ['E04.100.376.475', 'E04.928.220.390', 'E04.936.450.475'], ['C20.543.418'], ['E02.095.465.425.450', 'E05.478.610'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.186', 'D12.776.467.374.465.178', 'D23.529.374.465.186'], ['D23.050.705'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ultrasonography of urinary tract and micturition as an alternative to radiologic investigations in the spinal-cord-injured patient.
|
Over a period of 1.5 years (July 1989-Jan. 1991), a total of 504 patients, 442 of them suffering from spinal cord injuries with subsequent voiding disorders, were investigated by ultrasonography of the genitourinary tract. Ultrasonography of the upper urinary tract as well as the bladder and prostate provided and accurate image of the pathomorphological changes which go along with this kind of malfunction of the lower urinary tract in this group of patients. The application of rectal ultrasonography using a linear array rectal transducer was able to provide equal or even better images of the micturition process than micturition cystourethrography (MCU). An adequate and accurate real time image of the bladderneck, the prostatic urethra and the external rhabdosphincter could be obtained in all instances. Combined micturition cytourethrosonography (MCUS) with urodynamic evaluation has also been performed, which made the observation and judgement of the bladder outlet as well as the position of the catheter possible throughout the procedure without the interference of X-rays.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Spinal Cord Injuries', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic', 'Urinary Tract', 'Urination', 'Urodynamics', 'Urography']
| 1,752,282
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.854.763', 'C10.900.850', 'C26.819'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C10.597.900', 'C12.777.829.839', 'C13.351.968.829.760', 'C23.888.592.900'], ['A05.810'], ['G08.852.880'], ['G08.852.898'], ['E01.370.350.700.830', 'E01.370.390.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The association of maternal but not paternal genetic variation in GSTP1 with asthma phenotypes in children.
|
Maternal factors including atopy and smoking during pregnancy are associated with asthma risk during childhood. Suggested mechanisms include transmission of specific maternal alleles and maternal influences on the intrauterine environment. We have previously shown that polymorphism in glutathione S-transferase, GSTP1 is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and atopy in adults. We now hypothesise that GSTP1 genotypes in the mother and child, but not the father, mediate asthma phenotypes in the child. One hundred and forty-five Caucasian families were recruited via an asthmatic proband aged 7-18 years. Atopy and asthma were assessed using a questionnaire, skin prick testing, serum IgE, spirometry and methacholine challenge (PC20, dose-response slope--DRS). GSTP1 genotyping was determined using PCR. GSTP1 Val105/Val105 genotype in the child was associated with a reduced risk of atopy (P = 0.038) and AHR (PC20, P = 0.046; DRS, P = 0.032). In mothers (P = 0.014) but not fathers (P = 0.623), Val105/Val105 was associated with a reduced risk of AHR in the child. We have identified, for the first time, an association between maternal genotype and the child's asthma phenotype that appears not to be due to transmission of specific maternal alleles. This preliminary data supports the view of in utero effects of maternal genotype and adds new insights into the possible mechanisms by which maternal factors may influence development of childhood asthma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Child', 'Fathers', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Genotype', 'Glutathione S-Transferase pi', 'Glutathione Transferase', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Isoenzymes', 'Male', 'Mothers', 'Phenotype', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Vital Capacity']
| 14,682,402
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C08.127.210'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.100', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.210', 'M01.620.390'], ['E01.370.386.700.660.230', 'G09.772.650.430'], ['G05.380'], ['D08.811.913.225.500.500'], ['D08.811.913.225.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['F01.829.263.500.320.200', 'I01.880.853.150.500.340.270', 'M01.620.630'], ['G05.695'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['C13.703.824.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Triplets, radical cations and neutral semiquinone radicals of lumiflavin and riboflavin: an overhaul of previous pump-probe data and new multichannel absolute absorption spectra.
|
Though long-lived transient photoproducts of flavins have received much attention over the last five decades, their spectroscopic characterization remains rudimentary and altogether inconclusive. Lumiflavin and riboflavin have therefore been reexamined, using nanosecond laser photolysis and multichannel detection over a wide spectral range (230-900 nm); differential absorption spectra of flavin solutions in aqueous buffer at neutral pH have been recorded; radical cations and semiquinone radicals were generated by quenching the triplets with C (NO(2))(4) (electron acceptor) and NO(2)(-) (electron donor), respectively. The problem of estimating the extent of ground state depletion after a single flash has been solved by developing a new strategy that provides reliable lower and upper bounds for the depletion (and for the molar absorption coefficients of the transient species of interest). The spectra of the neutral radicals and triplets of the two flavins are almost identical, but those of the two cations are not.
|
['Benzoquinones', 'Cations', 'Flavins', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lasers', 'Photolysis', 'Riboflavin', 'Spectrophotometry']
| 22,062,775
|
[['D02.806.250'], ['D01.248.497.300'], ['D03.633.100.733.315', 'D03.633.300.507', 'D08.211.474', 'D23.767.405'], ['G02.300'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['G02.740.685'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650', 'D03.633.300.507.650', 'D08.211.474.650', 'D23.767.405.650'], ['E05.196.712.726', 'E05.196.867.826']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rapid movement of microtubules in axons.
|
Cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are transported along axons in the slow components of axonal transport at average rates of about 0.002-0.1 microm/s. This movement is essential for axonal growth and survival, yet the mechanism is poorly understood. Many studies on slow axonal transport have focused on tubulin, the subunit protein of microtubules, but attempts to observe the movement of this protein in cultured nerve cells have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we report direct observations of the movement of microtubules in cultured nerve cells using a modified fluorescence photobleaching strategy combined with difference imaging. The movements are rapid, with average rates of 1 microm/s, but they are also infrequent and highly asynchronous. These observations indicate that microtubules are propelled along axons by fast motors. We propose that the overall rate of movement is slow because the microtubules spend only a small proportion of their time moving. The rapid, infrequent, and highly asynchronous nature of the movement may explain why the axonal transport of tubulin has eluded detection in so many other studies.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Cattle', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Microinjections', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Microtubules', 'Molecular Motor Proteins', 'Movement', 'Photochemistry', 'Rats', 'Rhodamines', 'Superior Cervical Ganglion', 'Tubulin']
| 12,225,664
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['D05.500.500', 'D08.811.277.040.025.193'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D03.633.300.953.600'], ['A08.340.315.350.850', 'A08.800.050.300.300.850', 'A08.800.050.800.300.850'], ['D05.750.078.734.800', 'D12.776.220.600.800', 'D12.776.631.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Laser parameters for efficient biomedical stimulation: A study to increase cognitive response rate.
|
BACKGROUND: The laser is able to irradiate the exact amount of stimulation to an area by a non contact method, and has the advantage of being able to stimulate the local target area.OBJECTIVE: This study examined an efficient method of laser tactile stimulation using laser parameter combinations.METHODS: The laser parameters that could cause an increase in the cognitive response rate of human subjects were examined without increasing the amount of total laser energy.RESULTS: As a result, the appropriate matching parameters such as duty ratio, pulse frequency, and exposure time of laser pulses showed a dominant influence in effectively increasing the tactile response rate of subjects with limited amount of total laser energy.CONCLUSIONS: This study can be applied to neurophysiology, cognitive research, and clinical laser application.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Lasers, Semiconductor', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Touch', 'Young Adult']
| 29,758,965
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E07.632.490.480', 'E07.710.520.480'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.830.816.850', 'G11.561.790.850'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Regular Motifs in Xylan Modulate Molecular Flexibility and Interactions with Cellulose Surfaces.
|
Xylan is tightly associated with cellulose and lignin in secondary plant cell walls, contributing to its rigidity and structural integrity in vascular plants. However, the molecular features and the nanoscale forces that control the interactions among cellulose microfibrils, hemicelluloses, and lignin are still not well understood. Here, we combine comprehensive mass spectrometric glycan sequencing and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the substitution pattern in softwood xylans and to investigate the effect of distinct intramolecular motifs on xylan conformation and on the interaction with cellulose surfaces in Norway spruce (Picea abies). We confirm the presence of motifs with evenly spaced glycosyl decorations on the xylan backbone, together with minor motifs with consecutive glucuronation. These domains are differently enriched in xylan fractions extracted by alkali and subcritical water, which indicates their preferential positioning in the secondary plant cell wall ultrastructure. The flexibility of the 3-fold screw conformation of xylan in solution is enhanced by the presence of arabinofuranosyl decorations. Additionally, molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the glycosyl substitutions in xylan are not only sterically tolerated by the cellulose surfaces but that they increase the affinity for cellulose and favor the stabilization of the 2-fold screw conformation. This effect is more significant for the hydrophobic surface compared with the hydrophilic ones, which demonstrates the importance of nonpolar driving forces on the structural integrity of secondary plant cell walls. These novel molecular insights contribute to an improved understanding of the supramolecular architecture of plant secondary cell walls and have fundamental implications for overcoming lignocellulose recalcitrance and for the design of advanced wood-based materials.
|
['Carbohydrate Conformation', 'Cellulose', 'Picea', 'Wood', 'Xylans']
| 29,070,516
|
[['G02.111.570.820.235'], ['D05.750.078.562.180', 'D09.698.365.180', 'D25.720.099.500', 'J01.637.051.720.099.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.625.875.755'], ['A18.450.500.500', 'J01.637.241.900'], ['D09.698.925']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Two separable protein species which both restore uvrABC endonuclease activity in extracts from uvrC mutated cells.
|
Two different protein species which both complement the detective repair endonuclease (uvrABC endonuclease) in uvrC mutated cells have been detected. These proteins have quite different chromatographic properties and were easily separated by ion exchange chromatography. One has affinity for DEAE cellulose and co-cromatographs with the uvrB protein. The other has strong affinity for phosphocellulose and appears to be the uvrC protein itself. The uvrB associated uvrC+ activity is absent from both uvrC and uvrB mutated cells, indicating that this species result from an interaction between uvrB+ and uvrC+ functions at the protein level.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA Replication', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Endodeoxyribonucleases', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Molecular Weight', 'Mutation']
| 6,291,642
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['G02.111.222', 'G05.219'], ['G02.111.225', 'G05.226'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350', 'D08.811.277.352.355.325'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['G02.494'], ['G05.365.590']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sensitivity of trapezius electromyography to differences between work tasks - influence of gap definition and normalisation methods.
|
Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used extensively to estimate muscular load in studies of work related musculoskeletal disorders, especially for the trapezius muscle. The occurrences of periods of EMG silence (gaps), the time below a predetermined threshold level (muscular rest) and various percentiles of the amplitude distribution (APDF) are commonly used summary measures. However, the effects of the criteria used to calculate these measures (e.g., gap duration, threshold level, normalisation method) on the sensitivity of these measures to accurately differentiate work loads is not well known. Bilateral trapezius EMG was recorded, for a full workday, for 58 subjects following both maximal (MVE) and submaximal (RVE) reference contractions. Gap frequency, muscular rest, and percentiles were derived for eight fundamental work tasks. The calculations were performed using different gap duration criteria, threshold levels and normalisation methods.A gap duration of less than 1/2 s, and threshold level approximately 0.3% MVE for gap frequency, and approximately 0.5% MVE for muscular rest, were the criteria that optimised sensitivity to task differences. Minimal sensitivity to tasks and a high sensitivity to individuals was obtained using gap frequency with a threshold level of approximately 1% MVE. Normalisation to RVE, rather than MVE, improved sensitivity to differences between tasks, and reduced undesirable variability. Muscular rest was more sensitive to task differences than APDF percentiles.
|
['Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Musculoskeletal Diseases', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Shoulder', 'Work']
| 10,699,558
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['C05'], ['C24'], ['N06.850.460.350.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['A01.378.800.750'], ['I03.946']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Experimental transient bacteraemias in human subjects with clinically healthy gingivae.
|
Thirty-six subjects with no evidence of clinical gingival inflammation underwent a standardized toothbrushing procedure. Blood specimens, obtained from a vein in the antecubital fossa during the last 30 seconds of brushing, were cultured under aerobic and stringent anaerobic conditions. Three subjects exhibited detectable bacteraemias, Propionibacterium sp. being isolated from two of the subjects, while Actinomyces sp., Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis were isolated from the third. The implications of these results are discussed.
|
['Actinomyces', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Propionibacterium', 'Sepsis', 'Streptococcus', 'Toothbrushing']
| 285,080
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Biological activity of rainbow trout Ea4-peptide of the pro-insulin-like growth factor (pro-IGF)-I on promoting attachment of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) via alpha2- and beta1-integrin.
|
E-peptide of pro-IGF-I was considered as biologically inactive. We have demonstrated that rainbow trout (rt) Ea4-peptide exerted biological activities in several established tumor cell lines [Chen et al., 2002; Kuo and Chen, 2002]. Here we report the activity of rtEa4-peptide in promoting attachment of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). While rtEa2-, rtEa3-, and rtEa4-peptides enhanced the attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose dependent manner, rtEa4-peptide possessed the highest activity. Antibodies specific to alpha2 and beta1 integrins significantly inhibited the attachment of cells to rtEa4-peptide coated-plates by 40%. In addition, rtEa4-peptide induced the expression of fibronectin 1 and laminin receptor genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. Blocking new protein synthesis by cycloheximide significantly reduced the attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells to rtEa4-peptide coated wells by 50%. These results suggest that rtEa4-peptide may promote cell attachment by interacting with alpha2/beta1 integrin receptors at the cell surface and by inducing the expression of fibronectin 1 and laminin receptor genes. Expression of fibronectin 1 gene induced by rtEa4-peptide in MDA-MB-231 cells was abolished by inhibitors of PI3K, PKC, Mek1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling transduction molecules. These results suggested that induction of fibronectin 1 gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cells by rtEa4-peptide may be mediated via PI3K, PKC, Mek1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK signal transduction molecules.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA Primers', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Integrin alpha2', 'Integrin alpha5beta1', 'Integrin beta1', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Receptors, Laminin', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 16,817,231
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.937.400', 'D12.776.124.862.400', 'D12.776.467.937.400', 'D23.529.937.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.350'], ['D12.776.395.550.625.379', 'D12.776.543.550.625.379', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.530.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.850.349', 'D12.776.543.750.705.675.460', 'D12.776.543.750.705.876.374'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.876'], ['D12.776.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in patients with primary lung cancer].
|
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between histological type and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) uptake in patients with primary lung cancer and the factors affecting FDG uptake.METHODS: From October 1998 to April 2001, 82 patients with lung cancer were imaged with FDG-PET (Positron emission tomography) before surgery or biopsy. Their maximum and mean standard uptake value(SUVmax and SUVmean) of tumor and SUV of normal lung (SUVlung) were measured.RESULTS: All tumors were detected by FDG-PET(r)FDG uptake of tumor was higher than that of normal lung (P < 0.01). FDG uptake was lower in adenocarcinoma(AC) than in squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and that of bronchial aveolar carcinomas(BAC) was the lowest [SUVmax was 8.42 +/- 4.05,5.91 +/- 3.91 and 2.97 +/- 1.10, respectively; SUVmean was 6.12 +/- 2.90,4.35+/- 3.10 and 2.25 +/- 0.99, respectively (P < 0.01)]. Correlations were found between FDG uptake and tumor size (P < 0.01)(r)Glucose level and SUV of normal lung could affect SUV of lung cancer (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: SUV is higher in cancer tissue than in normal lung tissue. FDG uptake is different among SQC,AC and BAC. FDG uptake and tumor size appear to be correlated with each other.SQC, AC and BAC have their own features respectively. The effects of glucose and SUV lung should be considered in the diagnosis of lung cancer with PET.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Glucose', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed']
| 12,139,802
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical presentation and personality factors are predictors of the response to treatment in patients with functional dyspepsia; a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
|
The role of psychological factors or symptom pattern for the response to treatment in patients with unexplained (functional) dyspepsia is unknown. We hypothesized that patients with reflux- and ulcer-like symptoms would be more likely to respond to acid-lowering therapy, while psychological disturbances would be associated with a less favorable response to treatment. Seventy-eight patients with a diagnosis of functional dyspepsia were recruited and 75 completed the trial. Patients were treated for 4 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial starting in random order with either active drug (ranitidine, 150 mg b.d.) or placebo. Every 7 days, medication was switched from active drug to placebo, or vice versa. At entry, patient characteristics were assessed utilizing a semistructured standardized interview and standardized questionnaires, and weekly intensity of symptoms was assessed utilizing a visual analogue scale. Patients with a greater reduction of the symptom score during active treatment and an overall reduction of the global symptom score by more than 50% at the end of the study period were categorized as responders. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the influence of symptom type and presence of psychological disturbances on the treatment response. During treatment the symptom score decreased significantly, from 32.1 +/- 1.44 (SD) to 21.3 +/- 1.9 at the end of the trial (P < 0.001). Twenty of 75 were responders. High scores for somatization (OR, 3.6; 95% Cl, 1.2-11.4), anxiety (OR, 3.3; 95% Cl, 0.9-11.8), and reflux-like symptoms (OR, 5.3; 95% Cl, 1.7-16.7) were associated with response to treatment, while dysmotility-like symptoms were associated with an unfavorable response (OR, 0.3; 95% Cl, 0.1-0.9). Symptom pattern and psychological disturbances are independent predictors of treatment response. Patients with reflux-like symptoms and greater psychological disturbances are more likely to respond to an acid-lowering compound.
|
['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Dyspepsia', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Personality', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychological Tests', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Ranitidine', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 15,185,877
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E02.319.283'], ['C23.888.821.236'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['F01.752'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['F04.711'], ['C23.888.592.700'], ['D03.383.312.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['F01.145.126.990', 'F02.830.900'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Optical imaging of concealed brain activity using a gold mirror in honeybees.
|
Brain activity is inherently combinatorial and three-dimensional. Optical imaging techniques offer a suitable opportunity to record many activity foci simultaneously, but under conventional microscopy conditions, optical access is generally limited to the frontal part of the brain. Thus, even for cases in which optical recordings have delivered substantial data, our knowledge of deeper layers is deficient. Using the honeybee olfactory system as a test system, we report that by using a gold-sputtered cover slip as a minute mirror, it is possible to optically access and record from otherwise inaccessible brain areas. In insects, the first brain area to code for odors is the antennal lobe (comparable to the vertebrate olfactory bulb). Several previous studies have characterized glomerular odor response patterns of the frontal view, readily accessible when the head capsule of the bee is opened. However, until now, the back and the sides of the antennal lobe have remained utterly unexplored. This is particularly relevant because in the honeybee these two views coincide with two separate olfactory subsystems, related to two axonal tracts of second-order neurons: the lAPT and the mAPT. Combining wide-field microscopy, calcium imaging, and a minute mirror, we report the first glomerular odor responses from the side of the honeybee antennal lobe.
|
['Animals', 'Bees', 'Brain', 'Neuroimaging', 'Olfactory Perception', 'Organic Chemicals']
| 22,414,536
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.875.387'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578', 'E01.370.376.537', 'E05.629'], ['F02.463.593.485'], ['D02']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A spirohydantoin derivative of oxymorphone: an agonist with delayed antagonist activity.
|
We have synthesized a novel derivative of oxymorphone, oxymorphone-6 alpha-spirohydantoin. The derivative was less toxic in mice than the parent compound and it showed a significant anticonvulsive activity. It exerted agonist effects in doses lower than those of morphine and its agonist effects were longer lasting. Furthermore, both oxymorphone and the 6-spirohydantoin showed definite antagonist properties 48 hr later: they prevented analgesic effects of morphine. The antagonist effects of the derivative persisted for a week.
|
['Analgesia', 'Animals', 'Anticonvulsants', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Hydantoins', 'Hydromorphone', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Morphine', 'Oxymorphone', 'Pain', 'Sensory Thresholds', 'Time Factors']
| 2,477,864
|
[['E03.091'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.427.080'], ['F01.145.113'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['D03.383.129.308.432.555'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.450', 'D03.605.497.607.500', 'D03.633.400.686.607.500', 'D04.615.723.795.576.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.571', 'D03.605.497.607.587', 'D03.633.400.686.607.587', 'D04.615.723.795.576.571'], ['D03.132.577.249.562.692', 'D03.605.497.607.675', 'D03.633.400.686.607.675', 'D04.615.723.795.576.692'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['F02.463.593.710'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetic comparison of nomogram-based and individualized vancomycin regimens in neonates.
|
PURPOSE: This study compared steady-state concentrations achieved with a dosing strategy using first-dose kinetics to individualize vancomycin regimens with the steady-state concentrations achieved using standardized nomograms.METHODS: Neonatal intensive care unit patients receiving vancomycin according to published nomograms (phase 1) were compared with patients receiving vancomycin using first-dose pharmacokinetic information to individualize the dosing regimen (phase 2). Retrospective chart review was used to gather demographic and patient-specific pharmacokinetic data. Data collected included gestational and postnatal ages, birth and dosing weights, first-dose peak and trough concentrations, serum creatinine, and information related to infection. Data were analyzed to determine the percentage of therapeutic concentrations at a steady state in each group.RESULTS: Phase 1 included 108 patients given doses according to published nomograms, and phase 2 included 85 patients who received vancomycin with first-dose pharmacokinetics. Steady-state concentrations were collected in 108 patients in phase 1 and 39 patients in phase 2. Both peak and trough concentrations were therapeutic at steady state in 39% in phase 1 versus 63% in phase 2 (p < 0.02). Therapeutic steady-state peak concentrations were achieved in 70% versus 76% while therapeutic steady-state trough concentrations were achieved in 50% versus 82% (p < 0.02) in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively.CONCLUSION: Compared with the use of nomograms, individualization of vancomycin regimens after the first dose in neonatal patients significantly increased the percentage of patients with target steady-state trough concentrations and with both target peak and trough concentrations. The benefits of individualized dosing were attained without additional venous sampling.
|
['Drug Administration Schedule', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Nomograms', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vancomycin']
| 19,139,479
|
[['E02.319.283'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['E01.789.650', 'E05.318.740.500.625', 'E05.599.835.895', 'G17.582', 'N05.715.360.750.530.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Glomerular pathology of allograft kidneys in Hong Kong.
|
AIMS: Our goal was to define the spectrum of glomerular diseases in allograft kidneys and to correlate them with clinical parameters.METHODS: Eight hundred ninety-one renal graft biopsies and 43 graft nephrectomies from 1980 to 2004 were obtained from 442 allografts transplanted to 425 patients.RESULTS: Glomerular diseases were diagnosed in 33% of kidney grafts. Indications for biopsy were baseline assessment (23 biopsies, 2.5%); renal dysfunction (790 biopsies, 88.7%); proteinuria (154 biopsies, 17.3%); hematuria (11 biopsies, 1.2%); and study protocol (four biopsies, 0.4%). The median time to take a biopsy was less than 8 months posttransplant. The mean time posttransplant when the biopsy diagnosis was made was 70 months for IgA nephropathy (IgAN); 66 months for transplant glomerulopathy (TG); 65 months for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSG); 55 months for mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN); 45 months for membranous glomerulonephritis (GN); 49 months for mesangial proliferative GN; and 101 months for diabetic nephropathy. Recurrent glomerular disease was documented in 31 (7.0%) grafts. Specific glomerular diseases were diagnosed by biopsies in 106 (89.1%) of 119 proteinuric allografts.CONCLUSIONS: Glomerulopathy was common in allografted kidneys. IgAN, TG, FSG, mesangial proliferative GN, and membranous GN were the majority. A higher proportion of grafts from donors related to the recipients than from unrelated donors showed IgAN (P < .05), suggesting that genetic factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Recurrence of glomerulopathy underlying ESRD was frequent for IgAN, FSG, and MCGN, but this was rarely seen in membranous GN.
|
['Biopsy', 'Cadaver', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Kidney Glomerulus', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Nephrectomy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tissue Donors', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 16,387,100
|
[['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['C23.550.260.224'], ['Z01.252.474.164.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['E01.370.390.400'], ['A05.810.453.324.359', 'A05.810.453.736.520'], ['E02.870.500', 'E04.936.450.485', 'E04.950.774.400'], ['M01.898.656'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.898'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Myelin basic protein-positive nerve fibres in human Meissner corpuscles.
|
Myelinated nerve fibres forming sensory corpuscles become amyelinic before entering the corpuscle. Interestingly, in Meissner corpuscles from monkey myelin basic protein (MBP), a specific component of myelin sheath co-localized with neuronal markers. To investigate whether or not this also occurs in human digital Meissner corpuscles, we used single and double immunohistochemistry to detect MBP associated with axonic (protein gene product (PGP) 9.5) or Schwann and Schwann-related cell (S100 protein) markers. We also studied these markers in Pacinian corpuscles. Nerve fibres immunoreactive for MBP were detected in about 25% of the Meissner corpuscles examined; however, MBP never co-localized with PGP 9.5 and MBP occasionally co-localized with S100 protein. MBP-immunoreactive fibres associated with Meissner corpuscles were observed at the periphery of the lamellar cells or within the corpuscle between the lamellar cells. These results describe the distribution of myelinated nerve fibres expressing MBP in human Meissner corpuscles, which is important when studying Meissner corpuscles in cutaneous biopsies used for the diagnosis of peripheral and degenerative neuropathies.
|
['Fingers', 'Humans', 'Mechanoreceptors', 'Myelin Basic Protein', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Pacinian Corpuscles', 'S100 Proteins', 'Skin', 'Ubiquitin Thiolesterase']
| 19,538,632
|
[['A01.378.800.667.430'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.675.650.915.750', 'A08.800.950.750', 'A11.671.650.915.750'], ['D12.776.543.620.540', 'D12.776.631.580.510'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['A08.675.650.915.750.700', 'A08.800.950.750.700', 'A11.671.650.915.750.700'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['A17.815'], ['D08.811.037.500', 'D08.811.277.352.897.850', 'D12.776.637.937']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Prevalence of iron deficiency in healthy 12-month-old infants].
|
BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency among infants in industrialized countries. There is ample documentation of both short- and long-term adverse effects of iron deficiency.OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of iron deficiency in 12-month-old infants and to investigate the influence of several factors (dietary, growth, etc.) on iron status.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A random sample of 94 healthy infants from a basic health district was studied. Maternal and perinatal variables, dietary intake and anthropometry were assessed at regular intervals from birth to the age of 12 months. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were also evaluated.RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency was 9.6 % and that of iron deficiency anemia was 4.3 %. Of the nine infants with iron deficiency, four had been breast-fed for more than 6 months with late introduction of complementary foods and another had not been fed an iron-fortified formula while the 85 children without iron deficiency had received an appropriate diet (p < 0.05). Weight increase in the first year of life was significantly and positively correlated with hemoglobin and serum ferritin.CONCLUSIONS: Iron deficiency is relatively common in 12-month-old-infants but is limited to groups with inadequate feeding practices. Iron deficiency screening should be performed only in children with risk factors and/or inadequate diets.
|
['Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Breast Feeding', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature']
| 12,199,942
|
[['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['E02.095.135'], ['F01.145.407.199', 'G07.203.650.195', 'G07.203.650.220.500.500', 'G07.203.650.353.199'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['M01.060.703.520.520']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of Pasteurella multocida and other respiratory pathogens in the nasal tract of Scottish calves.
|
The prevalence of Pasteurella multocida, a cause of bovine respiratory disease, was studied in a random sample of beef suckler and dairy farms throughout Scotland, by means of a cross-sectional survey. A total of 637 calves from 68 farms from six geographical regions of Scotland were sampled between February and June 2008. Deep nasal swabs were taken, and samples that were culture-positive for P multocida were confirmed by PCR. Prevalence of P multocida was 17 per cent (105 of 616 calves); 47 per cent of farms had at least one positive animal. A higher prevalence was detected in dairy calves than beef calves (P=0.04). It was found that P multocida was associated with Mycoplasma-like organisms (P=0.06) and bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (BPI-3) (P=0.04), detected by culture and quantitative PCR of nasal swabs, respectively. Detection of P multocida was not associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) or bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Mycoplasma-like organisms, BPI-3, BRSV, BoHV-1 and BVDV were detected in 58, 17, four, 0 and eight calves, on 25, five, two, 0 and five of the 68 farms, respectively.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Dairying', 'Female', 'Male', 'Pasteurella Infections', 'Pasteurella multocida', 'Prevalence', 'Scotland']
| 21,257,416
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['C01.748.085', 'C08.730.085', 'C22.196.090'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['J01.040.246'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.662'], ['B03.440.450.600.600.500', 'B03.660.250.550.590.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['Z01.542.363.766']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Spectra, stability and labeling of 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-4-(2-(N-ethyl-carbazole-3-yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift.
|
Carbazole and its derivatives have been widely utilized as a functional building block in the fabrication of the organic medicine, pesticides, materials, etc., because of their excellent solubility, stability and biological activity. In this paper, 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-4-(2-(N-ethyl-carbazole-3-yl) vinyl) pyridinium bromide with a large Stokes shift was synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR and MS. The UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectra in different solvents and at different pH values were investigated preliminarily. The photostability and thermostability were also studied and the results showed that the compound was stable. The compound was also used to label bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus (ct)DNA. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity is enhanced when labeling with BSA and the binding ability is stronger than ctDNA, making it may be used as a biological probe.
|
['Animals', 'Carbazoles', 'Cattle', 'DNA', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Molecular Structure', 'Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Pyridinium Compounds', 'Serum Albumin, Bovine', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet']
| 26,249,113
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.633.100.473.144', 'D03.633.300.148'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G02.300'], ['E05.196.566'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867.519.775'], ['D03.383.725.762'], ['D12.776.034.841.540', 'D12.776.124.727.875'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cellular engineering of conduits for coronary and lower limb bypass surgery: role of cell attachment peptides and pre-conditioning in optimising smooth muscle cells (SMC) adherence to compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (MyoLink) scaffolds.
|
OBJECTIVE: We are developing a hybrid arterial bypass graft of compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (MyoLink), endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To enhance adhesion of SMCs we assessed various attachment factors and the effect of pre-conditioning on cell retention.METHODS: MyoLink segments were coated with either RGD, superfibronectin, fibronectin, fibronectin-like engineered polymer protein (FEPP), FEPP plus or type 1 collagen overnight. (111)Indium-radiolabelled SMCs were placed onto MyoLink segments for 48 h before being aspirated, then lavaged off. All grafts, aspirates and lavages were counted in a gamma counter. SMC viability on the MyoLink segments was also assessed for viability using the Alamar blue redox assay. Separately, MyoLink grafts lined with radiolabelled SMCs were divided into a pre-conditioned group, exposed to subarterial pulsatile flow whilst another group were held in static culture. After 1-week, grafts were exposed to arterial pulsatile flow whilst radioactivity was assessed using a gamma camera.RESULTS: Only FEPP plus significantly enhanced SMC attachment: mean of 32+/-6% cell attachment compared to 21+/-5% for uncoated control. Cell viability was enhanced by all attachment factors except fibronectin. Pre-conditioning was shown to significantly enhance the retention of SMCs onto the MyoLink once exposed to pulsatile arterial flow: the final attachment was 57+/-7% for the static and 76+/-7% for the pre-conditioned group.CONCLUSIONS: FEPP plus enhances SMC attachment to MyoLink. We believe this is because of its repeating sequences of RGD and its positive charge. Pre-conditioning enhances the retention of SMCs to MyoLink once exposed to pulsatile arterial flow.
|
['Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Polymers', 'Polyurethanes', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Tissue Engineering']
| 15,121,111
|
[['E07.695.110'], ['G04.022'], ['D12.776.395.550.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200', 'D23.050.301.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['D02.241.081.251.944.750', 'D05.750.716.650', 'D25.720.327.782', 'D25.720.716.650', 'J01.637.051.720.327.782', 'J01.637.051.720.716.650', 'J01.637.412.700'], ['E05.320.550', 'E07.695.680'], ['G01.482.620', 'G09.330.380.630.555'], ['E05.481.500.311.500', 'J01.293.069.249.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Investigation of Anti-Fatigue Effect and Simultaneous Determination of Eight Nucleosides in Different Parts of Velvet Antler in Red Deer and Sika Deer.
|
Velvet antler (VA) is crucial and precious nourishment in China and some countries in Southeast Asia and has excellent anti-fatigue effect. The incidence of fatigue syndrome has increased gradually. VA can be a potential source of anti-fatigue products. Therefore, we investigated the anti-fatigue activity of different sections (upper, middle, and basal section) of VA from different species (red deer and sika deer) via loading swimming test in mice. Furthermore, nucleosides are one kind of active components in VA which could considerably reduce fatigue in mice. In order to explore whether the nucleosides are correlated with anti-fatigue effect, the contents of eight nucleosides (uracil, cytidine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, thymine, inosine, guanosine, and adenosine) were determined simultaneously using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the swimming time in mice was increased from basal to upper section, which was consistent with the change trend of the total contents of eight nucleosides of VA. Therefore, we speculated that the contents of nucleosides in VA may affect its anti-fatigue effect. Furthermore, the contents of nucleosides were also used as a reference for evaluating the quality of different parts of VA obtained from red and sika deer.
|
['Animals', 'Antlers', 'Body Weight', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Deer', 'Fatigue', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Nucleosides', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal']
| 31,900,973
|
[['B01.050'], ['A13.507.288'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.373'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D09.408.595', 'D13.570'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes of circulatory-metabolic indices and skull biomechanics with brain activity during aging.
|
The cerebral blood flow values used in experimental and clinical investigations as the informative criteria for brain blood supply are often misleading. The correlation between the cerebral blood supply and brain function is not proven in all cases. An increase of brain activity is known to be accompanied by a rise of blood flow in activated regions, while a decreased activity results in a decreased blood flow. This demonstrates the close correlation between the brain blood supply and its activity. Such a correlation had not been noted in the age-dependent decrease of cerebral blood flow, suggesting the existence of special age-related mechanisms that develop with age to maintain brain metabolism. The biomechanical properties are of special significance as predicted in the early 20th century. Only recently were they validated by the simultaneous recording of Transcranial Dopplerogram and Rheoencephalogram with in-depth analysis focused on single cardiac cycles. Functioning of the intracranial blood and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics was integrated with a special physiological test "Prognosis-2" to measure brain cognitive function. Correlation was demonstrated with the circulatory-metabolic state of brain activity, especially in people with changing cognitive function. The data supports a conceptual model of adequate circulatory-metabolic supply of brain activity, showing the functional unity, which follows from integration of the mentioned systems.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aging', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Cognition', 'Humans', 'Skull']
| 21,714,135
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['G07.345.124'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A08.186.211'], ['G09.330.100.159'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Long-term course in type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia.
|
INTRODUCTION: To study the long-term course in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia and report the effect of anti VEGF and laser treatment.METHODS: A retrospective case series of 19 patients/38 eyes with symptomatic type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia was performed. Six eyes received intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (1-3 injections), four eyes received focal laser treatment. Follow up examinations comprised visual acuity, biomicroscopy, fluorescein angiography and assessment of macular morphology and thickness by time and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 81 months (range 15-188 months) - the median added up to 80 months. Visual outcome at final visit varied substantially (20/200-20/20). On average visual acuity decreased 1,2 lines (range -0,5 to 6) by 3 years, 2 lines (range -0,5 to 7) by 5 years and 4,1 lines (range 0 to 12) by 10 years. Development of choroidal neovascularisation was observed in only one eye. There was no significant difference in visual acuity between eyes receiving no treatment, intravitreal bevacizumab or laser treatment after 3 and 5 years. Morphological studies by OCT revealed typical changes with retinal atrophy and intraretinal cysts. Visual acuity correlated with the eccentricity of the main manifestation-visual preservation was associated with mainly extrafoveal disease manifestation.DISCUSSION: Type 2 idiopathic macular telangiectasia is a chronic, often slowly progressing macular disease leading to retinal atrophy and visual impairment over decades. Thorough knowledge about the long term course of this disease is necessary to evaluate possible therapeutic options in the long run.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angiogenesis Inhibitors', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Bevacizumab', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intravitreal Injections', 'Laser Coagulation', 'Lasers, Solid-State', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Telangiectasis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Visual Acuity']
| 23,615,764
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.696.377.077.099', 'D27.505.696.377.450.100', 'D27.505.954.248.025'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['E02.186'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.475.500'], ['E02.520.745.410', 'E02.594.530', 'E04.014.520.530', 'E04.350.750.410', 'E04.540.630.410'], ['E07.632.490.490', 'E07.710.520.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C11.768.748', 'C14.907.823.502'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.350.589.249.500', 'E01.370.350.825.805.500', 'E05.642.249.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['D12.644.276.100.800.200', 'D12.776.467.100.800.200', 'D23.529.100.800.200'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Disrupted insula-based neural circuit organization and conflict interference in trauma-exposed youth.
|
Childhood trauma exposure is a potent risk factor for psychopathology. Emerging research suggests that aberrant saliency processing underlies the link between early trauma exposure and later cognitive and socioemotional deficits that are hallmark of several psychiatric disorders. Here, we examine brain and behavioral responses during a face categorization conflict task, and relate these to intrinsic connectivity of the salience network (SN). The results demonstrate a unique pattern of SN dysfunction in youth exposed to trauma (n = 14) relative to comparison youth (n = 19) matched on age, sex, IQ, and sociodemographic risk. We find that trauma-exposed youth are more susceptible to conflict interference and this correlates with higher fronto-insular responses during conflict. Resting-state functional connectivity data collected in the same participants reveal increased connectivity of the insula to SN seed regions that is associated with diminished reward sensitivity, a critical risk/resilience trait following stress. In addition to altered intrinsic connectivity of the SN, we observed altered connectivity between the SN and default mode network (DMN) in trauma-exposed youth. These data uncover network-level disruptions in brain organization following one of the strongest predictors of illness, early life trauma, and demonstrate the relevance of observed neural effects for behavior and specific symptom dimensions. SN dysfunction may serve as a diathesis that contributes to illness and negative outcomes following childhood trauma.
|
['Adolescent', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Child', 'Conflict, Psychological', 'Connectome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Nerve Net', 'Neural Pathways', 'Psychological Trauma']
| 26,199,869
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.658.209'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500.249', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500.249', 'E05.629.875.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['A08.511'], ['A08.612'], ['F03.950.750.375']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship with anthropometric and biochemical variables].
|
PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence of insulin resistance, according to different biochemical and anthropometric measurements in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.METHODS: A total of 189 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Insulin resistance diagnosis was performed using fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, insulin sensibility index and glucose/fasting insulin ratio. Body mass index and lipid accumulation product were used. Data were analyzed statistically by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Tukey post-test, and Pearson's correlation.RESULTS: The polycystic ovary syndrome patients had a mean age of 24.9 ± 5.2 and a mean body mass index of 31.8 ± 7.6. The percentage of obese patients was 57.14%. Among the methods of insulin resistance investigation, the insulin sensibility index was the technique that most detected (56.4%) the presence of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The insulin resistance was detected in 87% of obese patients. The fasting glucose/fasting insulin ratio and insulin sensibility index were strongly correlated with lipid accumulation product.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of insulin resistance varied according to the method used, and it was greater the higher the body mass index. Lipid accumulation product was also related to insulin resistance.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Waist Circumference', 'Young Adult']
| 22,437,766
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Pollen tube growth and guidance is regulated by POP2, an Arabidopsis gene that controls GABA levels.
|
During angiosperm reproduction, pollen grains form a tube that navigates through female tissues to the micropyle, delivering sperm to the egg; the signals that mediate this process are poorly understood. Here, we describe a role for gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in pollen tube growth and guidance. In vitro, GABA stimulates pollen tube growth, although vast excesses are inhibitory. The Arabidopsis POP2 gene encodes a transaminase that degrades GABA and contributes to the formation of a gradient leading up to the micropyle. pop2 flowers accumulate GABA, and the growth of many pop2 pollen tubes is arrested, consistent with their in vitro GABA hypersensitivity. Some pop2 tubes continue to grow toward ovules, yet they are misguided, presumably because they target ectopic GABA on the ovule surface. Interestingly, wild-type tubes exhibit normal growth and guidance in pop2 pistils, perhaps by degrading excess GABA and sharpening the gradient leading to the micropyle.
|
['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Fertilization', 'Flowers', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Growth Substances', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transaminases', 'Transcription Factors', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 12,859,897
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.157.100'], ['D12.776.765.149'], ['G08.686.784.277'], ['A18.024.249.500'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D27.505.696.377'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D08.811.913.477.700'], ['D12.776.930'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Epidemiology investigation and biomechanics analyses for the correlation between sacroiliac joint disorder and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between lumber disc degeneration and sacroiliac joint disorder, in order to provides a new understanding concepts and therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of chronic intractable low back pain.METHODS: From August 2009 to October 2010,129 cases with lumbar disc herniation were studied with epidemiological methods. Among them, 61 patients with L4, disc herniation included 37 males and 24 females, ranging in aged from 20 to 75 years old, duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 144 months; The other 68 patients with L5S1 disc herniation included 32 males and 36 females,ranging in aged froml8 to 76 years old,duration of the disease ranged from 0.5 to 240 months. The clinical data, symptoms and signs,X-ray characteristics of lumbar spine and pelvis of the patients were investigated by epidemiological. The risk of lumbar disc herniation was calculated with case-control study; independent variables were screened with single factor analysis; the risk factors for lumbar disc herniation were determined with logistic regression analysis, and biomechanics analyses were taken.RESULTS: Among 129 patients with lumbar disc herniation, 88 cases associated with sacroiliac joint disorders, sacroiliac joint disorder was a risk factor of lumbar disc herniation (OR = 4.61, P = 0.00); 47 cases associated with sacroiliac joint disorders in 61 patients with L4,5 disc herniation, iliac crest uneven caused by iliac rotational displacement was a high risk factor of L4,5 disc herniation (OR = 11.27, P = 0.00); 41 cases associated with sacroiliac joint disorders in 68 patients with L5S1 disc herniation, lumbar sacral angle abnormalities caused by sacral tilt shift was a high risk factor L5S1 disc herniation (OR = 2.31, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: Lumbar disc herniation and sacroiliac joint disorder are two of fallot, the two factors affect each other and there is a causal relationship. They are common exists in low back pain.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Joint Diseases', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sacroiliac Joint']
| 25,338,441
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C05.116.900.307', 'C23.300.707.952'], ['C05.550'], ['A02.835.232.834.519'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.835.583.707']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The food pyrolysis product IQ enhances its own activation.
|
The metabolic activation of the food pyrolysis product 2-amino-3-methylimidazo (4,5-f) quinoline (IQ) to mutagenic intermediates in the Ames test was studied using hepatic activation systems from control and IQ-treated rats. Hepatic S9 preparations from IQ-treated rats were more efficient than control in converting IQ to mutagens. An increase was also seen when isolated microsomes were employed as activation systems but this was less pronounced. The microsome-mediated mutagenicity of IQ was potentiated by addition of the cytosolic fraction from control and IQ-treated rats, the latter being more effective. It is concluded that IQ, at the doses employed in the present study, enhances its own bioactivation to genotoxic metabolites by stimulating both its microsomal and cytosolic metabolism.
|
['Animals', 'Biotransformation', 'Carcinogens', 'Cytosol', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Microsomes, Liver', 'Mutagenicity Tests', 'Mutagens', 'Quinolines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains']
| 2,659,938
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.171', 'G03.787.225', 'G07.690.725.225'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['A03.620'], ['A11.284.835.540.541'], ['E05.393.560', 'E05.940.560'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['D03.633.100.810'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Partial leptin restoration increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity while diminishing weight loss and hyperphagia in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
|
Chronic leptin administration at pharmacologic doses normalizes food intake and body weight in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. We examined the metabolic effects of acute partial physiological leptin restoration in STZ-diabetic rats by using subcutaneous osmotic mini pumps. Groups: (1) Rats infused with vehicle (DV); (2) rats infused with recombinant murine methionine leptin (DL) at 4.5 microg . (kg body weight . d)(-1); (3)pair-fed rats (DP) given a food ration matching that consumed by the DL group. A fourth group of nondiabetic, normal (N) rats was also studied to assess normal metabolic efficiency, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and sympathoadrenal activity. Following leptin infusion, food consumption by DL rats was significantly lower than in DV rats. Paradoxically, despite a similar food intake to that of the DP group, which demonstrated a 40% reduction in body mass, DL rats increased their initial body weight by approximately 20% (P < .05). Plasma corticosterone and ACTH concentrations were elevated by 2-fold to 3-fold in DL versus N, DP, and DV rats. In the pars distalis, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA levels were significantly higher in DL and DP rats compared with N and DV rats. Our results suggest that partial restoration of physiologic leptin: (1) successfully reduces hyperphagia while allowing body weight gain in STZ-diabetic rats; (2) increases corticosterone levels in STZ-diabetic rats, which may in turn counteract the anorexic effects of diabetes; and (3) is associated with increased pituitary GR mRNA levels, despite elevated corticosterone levels, suggesting that leptin may interfere with the negative feedback regulation of the HPA axis.
|
['Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Corticosterone', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Eating', 'Epinephrine', 'Hyperphagia', 'Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System', 'Insulin', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Pro-Opiomelanocortin', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid', 'Recombinant Proteins']
| 15,562,400
|
[['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['C23.888.821.645'], ['A06.688.357', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435', 'A08.713.357'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['D06.472.699.042.500', 'D12.644.276.024.500', 'D12.644.548.011.500', 'D12.776.467.024.500', 'D23.529.024.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['A06.300.691'], ['D06.472.699.327.935', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600', 'D12.644.400.400.935', 'D12.644.548.365.935', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935', 'D12.776.811.800'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D12.776.826.750.430'], ['D12.776.828']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intracranial germ cell tumor mimicking anorexia nervosa.
|
A previously healthy seventeen-year-old boy developed loss of weight, poor appetite, and aversion to food. Physical examination being normal, anorexia nervosa was suspected. Thirteen months later a CT scan revealed a mass in the third ventricle histologically proven to be a malignant teratoma. To our knowledge anorexia nervosa is only extremely rarely the presenting feature of intracranial germ cell tumors.
|
['Adolescent', 'Anorexia Nervosa', 'Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms', 'Cerebral Ventricles', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Neurocognitive Disorders', 'Teratoma', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 1,942,956
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F03.400.125'], ['C04.588.614.250.195.205', 'C10.228.140.211.280', 'C10.551.240.250.200'], ['A08.186.211.140'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F03.615'], ['C04.557.465.910'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Splicing variant of Cdc42 interacting protein-4 disrupts beta-catenin-mediated cell-cell adhesion: expression and function in renal cell carcinoma.
|
We have identified an alternative splicing variant in the Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (CIP4) gene in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC); almost 50% of the RCCs examined showed an aberrant splicing event in reverse transcription-PCR and the insertion of 19 nucleotides derived from intron9 based on a sequence analysis. This variant (CIP4-V) encodes a premature stop codon, resulting in the loss of a tyrosine phosphorylation site, the Cdc42 binding domain, and the SH3 domain. In this report, we show that overexpression of CIP4-V causes the formation of ubiquitinated aggresomes and a loss of cell-cell adhesion. We determined that CIP4-V increased the beta-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation levels that mediate Fer/Fyn tyrosine kinases and induced beta-catenin mistrafficking from cell membrane to cytoplasmic aggresome. These results indicate that CIP4 is critical for beta-catenin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and may be an important aspect of its functional contribution to RCC, especially with regard to metastasis and invasiveness.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Adhesion', 'DNA, Recombinant', 'Genetic Variation', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Microtubule-Associated Proteins', 'Minor Histocompatibility Antigens', 'Protein Transport', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'beta Catenin']
| 16,343,437
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['G04.022'], ['D13.444.308.460'], ['G05.365'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D12.776.220.600.450', 'D12.776.631.560'], ['D23.050.301.500.600', 'D23.050.705.552.600'], ['G03.143.700'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.091.249', 'D12.776.220.145.500', 'D12.776.930.130']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prosody impairment in depression measured through acoustic analysis.
|
This work attempts to explore the association between depression and prosody impairment through acoustic techniques of voice analysis. For this purpose, we selected 10 quantitative vocal parameters, obtained instrumentally, and related to the variability and psychomotor control of phonation, which we have considered as prosody indicators. The sample consisted of 23 patients with diagnosis DSM-III-R of major depression and a control group of 20 healthy volunteers. We obtained results in 7 of the 10 acoustic parameters that suggest reduced prosody in depressed subjects. In a second voice test, carried out 2 months after baseline situation, and while patients were under antidepressant treatment, it was not possible to demonstrate that all these prosody indicators change to normality in those 13 subjects who clinically improved.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Speech Acoustics', 'Voice', 'Voice Disorders']
| 11,191,583
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F03.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G11.561.812.650', 'G11.561.820'], ['G09.772.925'], ['C08.360.940', 'C09.400.940', 'C10.597.975', 'C23.888.592.979']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interleukin-6 covaries inversely with cognitive performance among middle-aged community volunteers.
|
OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence suggests that higher peripheral levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) are associated with poorer cognitive function and predict future cognitive decline among the elderly. The current investigation extends the study of relationships between plasma IL-6 and cognitive performance to healthy middle-aged adults and to an examination of more specific cognitive domains.METHODS: Five hundred relatively healthy community volunteers aged 30 to 54 had blood drawn for the determination of plasma IL-6 levels and completed a battery of neuropsychological tests evaluating memory and executive function.RESULTS: After controlling for age, gender, race, and education, hierarchical regression analyses revealed an inverse relationship between circulating levels of IL-6 and performance on clusters of tests assessing auditory recognition memory, attention/working memory, and executive function. In contrast, there was no association between IL-6 and performance on tests of general memory. Secondary analyses demonstrated that relationships between IL-6 and auditory recognition and working memory and executive function were independent of a number of health factors, including body mass index, smoking, and hypertension.CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence linking chronic inflammation to poorer cognitive functioning and extend these findings to a midlife community sample, raising the possibility that IL-6 may represent a biomarker for risk of future cognitive decline.
|
['Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Cognition', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Task Performance and Analysis']
| 17,132,839
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.101'], ['F02.463.188'], ['F03.615.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F02.784.412.846', 'F02.784.692.746', 'F02.808.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Intestinal polyps in the Nigerian African.
|
Intestinal polyps appear to be relatively rare in the African including Nigerians, South African Bantus, and Ugandans. Only 40 histologically confirmed cases were encountered over a period of ten years. Analysis of these cases reveals a preponderance (60%) of the non-neoplastic juvenile type of polyp. Neoplastic polyps were not encountered in any female patient. The mean ages of the patients are much lower than what has been observed in Caucasians inhabiting developed and industrialized countries. It is felt that there is probably a common or related aetiological agent for neoplastic intestinal polyps and carcinoma because the frequency of intestinal carcinoma appears to be relatively low in areas with a low frequency of neoplastic polyps.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'African Americans', 'African Continental Ancestry Group', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Intestinal Polyps', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Sex Factors']
| 1,150,887
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.686.508.100.100', 'M01.686.754.100'], ['M01.686.508.100'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.384.100', 'E01.370.225.998.054', 'E01.370.388.100', 'E04.074', 'E05.200.500.384.100', 'E05.200.998.054', 'E05.242.384.100'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.588.274.476.411', 'C06.301.371.411', 'C06.405.249.411', 'C06.405.469.491'], ['C23.300.825.411'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Contractile and non-contractile proteins and nucleic acids in the stomach, whole jejunum and seromuscular layers of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and large intestine in response to chronic ethanol feeding.
|
Rats were fed a nutritionally adequate liquid diet containing 35% of the total calories as ethanol (treated), or identical amounts of the same diet in which ethanol was replaced with isocaloric glucose (controls). At 6 weeks, rats were killed and the stomach (cardiac region), duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the large intestine (combined colon and rectum) were dissected. Seromuscular layers were prepared from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the large intestine. After 6 weeks of chronic ethanol feeding the wet weights of the stomach and whole jejunum were reduced by 31%. The wet weights of the duodenum, jejunum and distal ileum seromuscular layers were reduced by 19-25%. The wet weight of the large intestine seromuscular layer was unaltered. The total amounts of contractile and non-contractile protein in the small intestinal seromuscular layers were reduced by 16-52%. In jejunal serosa, the RNA contents were reduced by 29%, but total RNA contents in the serosa of the ileum and duodenum were not significantly altered. Total DNA content was reduced in jejunal and ileal serosal layers by 22 and 33%, respectively, but remained unchanged in duodenal serosa. In the stomach, total contractile and non-contractile protein was reduced by 26-52% and similarly total RNA and DNA were also decreased by 47 and 34%, respectively. Chronic ethanol feeding had no apparent effect on either contractile or non-contractile total protein, total RNA or DNA contents in colonic and rectal serosa. In the combined mucosal and seromuscular layers of the jejunum, much greater effects due to ethanol feeding were observed when compared with the jejunal seromuscular layer alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Alcoholism', 'Animals', 'Contractile Proteins', 'Duodenum', 'Ileum', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestine, Large', 'Jejunum', 'Male', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Nucleic Acids', 'Proteins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Stomach']
| 1,804,135
|
[['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.210'], ['A03.556.124.684.124', 'A03.556.875.249'], ['A03.556.124.684.249', 'A03.556.249.124'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.556.124.526', 'A03.556.249.249'], ['A03.556.124.684.500', 'A03.556.249.750'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['D13.444'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['A03.556.875.875']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Working hours and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia.
|
BACKGROUND: The potential impact of employment on maternal health, particularly in relation to gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, has been subject to research. However, there is limited evidence on associations between shift work and long working hours on the incidence of these conditions.AIMS: To evaluate potential associations between maternal shift work and long working hours during pregnancy and gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia.METHODS: Multistage stratified systematic sampling was used to recruit 24 200 post-partum women from the Taiwan national birth registration database in 2005. Subjects underwent home interview 6 months after their deliveries by structured questionnaire to obtain characteristics of maternal employment and potential confounders. Diagnosis of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia was obtained from the birth registration.RESULTS: There was no association between employment status and gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Also, no significant association between gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia and maternal shift work or long working hours during pregnancy was found in all or primiparous women.CONCLUSIONS: There was no convincing evidence that maternal shift work or long working hours had a higher risk of gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia. However, further research is warranted to confirm these negative findings.
|
['Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced', 'Incidence', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Taiwan', 'Work Schedule Tolerance', 'Workload', 'Young Adult']
| 19,700,491
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C13.703.395', 'C14.907.489.480'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['C13.703.395.249'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['I03.946.225.375', 'N04.452.677.650.375'], ['I03.946.225.500', 'N04.452.677.650.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
The continuous vs discontinuous use of restorative safety behaviors on symptoms of contamination fear: An experimental investigation.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cognitive-behavioral theorists posit that safety behaviors (SBs) interfere with important exposure processes and should be removed from therapy. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that restorative SBs (RSB; those that allow for full confrontation with a core threat) do not adversely affect exposure outcomes, and their implementation during exposure should be further examined.METHODS: The current study evaluated exposure with the continuous use of RSB (E + CONT) versus discontinuation of RSB (E + DISC), in comparison to exposure with no RSB (ERP). Sixty-seven nonclinical participants completed 15 trials of exposure in which they touched a potentially contaminated stimulus with or without RSB. Behavioral approach tasks were completed at pretreatment, post-treatment, and two-week follow-up to examine changes in subjective distress and degree of behavioral approach.RESULTS: The three conditions were not different on clinical symptoms and behavioral approach at post-treatment and follow-up, indicating that the hypothesized superiority effect of E + DISC was not supported. However, ratings obtained during repeated exposure trials indicated that E + DISC evidenced greater symptom reduction following the removal of RSB.LIMITATIONS: The use of a healthy undergraduate sample and standardization of the exposure procedure.CONCLUSIONS: Although findings were contrary to hypotheses, these data provide added support for the benign role of RSB as compared to conventional exposure. Furthermore, the removal of RSB may lead to more favorable process outcomes during exposure. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed, and future directions are provided.
|
['Adult', 'Humans', 'Implosive Therapy', 'Infections', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Phobic Disorders', 'Safety', 'Young Adult']
| 29,587,170
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F04.754.137.506.325'], ['C01'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F03.080.725'], ['N06.850.135.060.075'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
International differences in acute coronary syndrome patients' baseline characteristics, clinical management and outcomes in Western Europe: the EURHOBOP study.
|
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe current characteristics of patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Western Europe and to analyse whether international in-hospital mortality variations are explained by differences in patients' baseline characteristics and in clinical management.METHODS: We studied a population-based longitudinal cohort conducted in Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Portugal and Spain, and comprising 12 231 consecutive ACS patients admitted in 53 hospitals between 2008 and 2010. Baseline characteristics, clinical management and inhospital outcomes were recorded. Contextual effect of country on death was analysed through multilevel analysis.RESULTS: Of all patients included, 8221 (67.2%) had NSTEMI (non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction), and 4010 (32.8%) had STEMI (ST-elevation myocardial infarction). Inhospital mortality ranged from 15.1% to 4.9% for German and Spanish STEMI patients, and from 6.8% to 1.9% for Finnish and French NSTEMI patients (p<0.001 for both). These international variations were explained by differences in patients' baseline characteristics (older patients more likely to have cardiogenic shock in Germany) and in clinical management, with differences in rates of thrombolysis (less performed in Germany) and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (high in Germany, low in Greece). A remaining contextual effect of country was identified after extensive adjustment.CONCLUSIONS: Inhospital mortality rates of STEMI and NSTEMI patients were two to three times higher in Finland, Germany and Portugal than in Greece and Spain, with intermediate values for France. Differences in baseline characteristics and clinical management partly explain differences in outcome. Our data also suggest an impact of the healthcare system organisation.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Hospitals', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Population Surveillance', 'Prospective Studies', 'Registries', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Distribution', 'Thrombolytic Therapy', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,790,068
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.542'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['N02.278.421'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.100.376.719', 'E04.928.220.520'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.308.970', 'N04.452.859.819', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700', 'N06.850.520.308.970'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['E02.319.913'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Incorporating published univariable associations in diagnostic and prognostic modeling.
|
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic and prognostic literature is overwhelmed with studies reporting univariable predictor-outcome associations. Currently, methods to incorporate such information in the construction of a prediction model are underdeveloped and unfamiliar to many researchers.METHODS: This article aims to improve upon an adaptation method originally proposed by Greenland (1987) and Steyerberg (2000) to incorporate previously published univariable associations in the construction of a novel prediction model. The proposed method improves upon the variance estimation component by reconfiguring the adaptation process in established theory and making it more robust. Different variants of the proposed method were tested in a simulation study, where performance was measured by comparing estimated associations with their predefined values according to the Mean Squared Error and coverage of the 90% confidence intervals.RESULTS: Results demonstrate that performance of estimated multivariable associations considerably improves for small datasets where external evidence is included. Although the error of estimated associations decreases with increasing amount of individual participant data, it does not disappear completely, even in very large datasets.CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method to aggregate previously published univariable associations with individual participant data in the construction of a novel prediction models outperforms established approaches and is especially worthwhile when relatively limited individual participant data are available.
|
['Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Humans', 'Models, Theoretical', 'Outcome Assessment, Health Care', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors']
| 22,883,206
|
[['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E05.245.380', 'E05.318.740.300', 'L01.313.500.750.190.380', 'N05.715.360.750.300', 'N06.850.520.830.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.599'], ['H01.770.644.145.431', 'N04.761.559.590', 'N05.715.360.575.575'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.500.700', 'E05.318.740.600.700', 'E05.318.740.750.725', 'E05.318.740.998.825', 'E05.599.835.900', 'N05.715.360.750.530.650', 'N05.715.360.750.625.650', 'N05.715.360.750.695.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.825', 'N06.850.520.830.500.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.700', 'N06.850.520.830.750.725', 'N06.850.520.830.998.912'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Half of Purposeful Baseline Sandbaggers Undetected by ImPACT's Embedded Invalidity Indicators.
|
OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study were to determine how accurately the embedded invalidity indicators (EIIs) identify purposeful underperformers on the baseline Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT); and to assess the effectiveness of each individual EII.METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in which all participants completed a baseline ImPACT assessment. Participants were randomized into a control or purposeful underperformance (sandbagging) group. The primary outcomes measured were the number of participants identified as invalid (via any EII), as well as the ability of each individual EII to detect purposeful sandbagging. Additionally, participants mean raw composite scores and percentiles were evaluated.RESULTS: Seventy-seven participants completed the study (control n = 37, sandbag n = 40.) None of the participants in the control group, and 50% of the purposeful sandbaggers were identified as invalid via the current EIIs. Of the five EIIs, three were unable to identify more than 15% of purposeful sandbaggers. The best performing EIIs were Word Memory and Three Letters, identifying 40% and 35% of purposeful sandbaggers, respectively. Sixty- five percent of the purposeful sandbaggers had at least one composite score ?1st percentile. Using a composite score ?1st percentile as potential marker of invalidity would have accurately identified more purposeful sandbaggers than all existing EIIs combined.CONCLUSION: Half of purposeful sandbaggers were not identified by ImPACT's current EIIs. Multiple EIIs were only able to identify <15% of purposeful underperformers, suggesting that reevaluation and/or recalibration of EII cutoffs may be appropriate.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brain Concussion', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Malingering', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reference Values', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Young Adult']
| 30,957,141
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.126.925'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A new seed-transmissible begomovirus in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.).
|
A begomovirus isolate collected from bitter gourd plants showing yellowing, puckering and stunting symptoms from Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India was characterized. The full-length genome of the virus isolate was amplified by rolling circle amplification using phi29 DNA polymerase. The virus isolate exhibited 98% identity in the nucleotide sequence of DNA-A component with the Coccinia mosaic Virudhunagar virus (GenBank accession no. KY860899). The DNA-B component was very distinct and shared only 60% identity with the begomovirus, Coccinia mosaic Tamil Nadu virus (GenBank accession no. KM244719). The virus renamed as new species Bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus (BgYMV) was detected in seeds from infected plants and in the grow-out test seedlings by ELISA and virus-specific PCR. The seed infectivity was 79.16% and transmission rate to seedling was 32.05%. The virus titre as indicated by A405 absorption value was high (0.854-0.280) in different seed parts. Results clearly indicated seed transmission of the begomovirus, BgYMV.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Begomovirus', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'DNA, Viral', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Fruit', 'Genome, Viral', 'India', 'Momordica charantia', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Seedlings', 'Seeds', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Species Specificity']
| 30,583,019
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B04.280.350.100', 'B04.715.270.100'], ['E05.393.220'], ['D13.444.308.568'], ['N06.850.335'], ['A18.024.500', 'G07.203.300.562', 'J02.500.562'], ['G05.360.340.358.840'], ['Z01.252.245.393'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.300.655.249'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['A18.550', 'B01.650.819'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['G16.824']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Sex hormone-binding globulin changes with androgen replacement.
|
Since sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels are often elevated in sera of patients with testicular insufficiency, it is important to determine whether SHBG declines into the normal range and the extent of change in free testosterone (free T) after androgen administration. Five normal men and five patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were studied before and after the administration of testosterone enanthate (200 mg, im every 2 weeks). An additional five normal men and five patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) were treated with hCG (2000 U, three times a week). Three months after the administration of T or hCG, serum total and free T increased in both normal men and patients. Free T increased significantly in the Klinefelter's and HH patients from 94 +/- 20 and 14 +/- 5 pg/ml, respectively, to 271 +/- 50 and 276 +/- 41 pg/ml (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.001). The increase in the normal men treated with T or hCG was also significant (from 211 +/- 52 and 220 +/- 37 pg/ml to 390 +/- 83 and 330 +/- 90 pg/ml). SHBG fell in both the T-treated normal men (from 6.5 +/- 1.2 ng dihydrotestosterone bound/ml to 4.3 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.02) and the T-treated Klinefelter's patients (from 16.4 +/- 2 to 4.3 +/- 0.5; P less than 0.01). However, it was unchanged in the hCG-treated HH patients and rose in the hCG-treated normal men (from 6.6 +/- 0.7 to 8.6 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.05). This study demonstrates that treatment of hypogonadal men with T and hCG in the doses used increased free T levels above the basal levels for normal men. However, the effects of the increase in free T, as determined by a change in SHBG, were different depending upon the type of treatment.
|
['Adult', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Estradiol', 'Humans', 'Hypogonadism', 'Klinefelter Syndrome', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Testosterone']
| 6,683,724
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C19.391.482'], ['C12.706.316.795.500', 'C13.351.875.253.795.500', 'C16.131.260.830.835.500', 'C16.131.939.316.795.500', 'C16.320.180.830.835.500', 'C19.391.119.795.500', 'C19.391.482.629'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.800', 'D12.776.157.762', 'D12.776.377.715.182.800'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.824', 'D06.472.334.851.968.984']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of calcium dobesilate in beagle dogs after a single administration.
|
A pharmacokinetic study was carried out in beagle dogs after a single intravenous infusion of 100 mg/kg of calcium dobesilate, a dose claimed to produce a cardiac lymphagogue effect. This effect on cardiac lymphatics is known to contribute to the reduction of myocardial infarct size after coronary artery occlusion. At the end of the intravenous infusion, which lasted about 30 minutes, the plasma level was 263 +/- 68 micrograms/ml, falling to 56 +/- 23 micrograms/ml by the third hour. This high plasma level of calcium dobesilate between the end of the infusion and the 3rd hour might explain the pharmacological effect of the drug on the cardiac lymphatic system.
|
['Animals', 'Benzenesulfonates', 'Calcium Dobesilate', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Sex Factors']
| 3,582,425
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.097.120', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.100.075'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Impact of periodontitis definition in epidemiological research. Results from the EPIPAP study in postpartum women.
|
The purpose of this investigation was to study the impact of using various definitions of periodontitis on the frequency of periodontitis and on the associations with some known risk factors for periodontitis in a population of postpartum women in France. A clinical examination was performed within 2-4 d postpartum in 932 at-term women at five maternity units. We studied six definitions of periodontitis; five were applicable if at least two teeth were found to have the following: (i) a proximal clinical attachment level (CAL) of ? 3 mm; (ii) a probing depth (PD) of ? 4 mm; (iii) a PD of ? 4 mm and a CAL of ? 3 mm at the same site; (iv) a proximal PD of ? 5 mm or a proximal CAL of ? 4 mm; or (v) a PD of ? 4 mm and a CAL ? 3 mm and bleeding on probing at the same site. The sixth definition required the involvement of four teeth with a PD of ? 4 mm and a CAL of ? 3 mm at the same site. Associations between case status according to each definition and maternal characteristics (age, educational level, smoking before pregnancy, and time since last dental visit) were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models. The definition of periodontitis had an impact on the frequency of periodontitis, which ranged from 12.1% to 37.7%, and produced different ORs for the associations with risk factors for periodontitis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bias', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontitis', 'Postpartum Period', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevalence', 'Reference Values', 'Risk Assessment', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Terminology as Topic', 'Young Adult']
| 21,410,556
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.150', 'N06.850.490.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['C07.465.714.354.750'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['G08.686.702'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.978.810'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['L01.559.598.400'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Retropharyngeal hematoma: a rare complication of coughing attacks].
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnosis and treatment of a retropharyngeal hematoma.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The authors report a case of retropharyngeal hematoma associated with increased intrathoracic pressure caused by coughing.DISCUSSION: Retropharyngeal hematomas are usually spontaneously resorbed so the treatment is surveillance. Surgical drainage may be necessary. The causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and surgical indications are reviewed.
|
['Cough', 'Female', 'Hematoma', 'Humans', 'Hypopharynx', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed']
| 10,867,407
|
[['C08.618.248', 'C23.888.852.293'], ['C23.550.414.838'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.623.490', 'A14.724.490'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Enzyme activities of Pleurotustuber-regium (Fries) Singer, cultivated on selected agricultural wastes.
|
Studies were carried out on the enzyme activities of Pleurotus tuber-regium fruitbodies and sclerotia cultivated in various agro-wastes. Higher activities of proteinase, total amylase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were observed in the sporophores compared to the sclerotia. Cellulase, carboxymethylcellulase and lipase values were higher in fruitbodies grown on cotton waste, sawdust of Khaya ivorensis and rice straw (2.4, 0.4 and 3.0 mg/h/mg protein, respectively). Sclerotia propagated on groundnut shells and cocoyam peels had lipase and phenoloxidase levels of 5.8 and 2.6 mg/h/mg protein, respectively. The peroxidase, alpha-amylase and catalase activities were also determined. The implication of these findings in relation to shelf-life, food nutrient, and flavour of this mushroom are discussed.
|
['Agaricales', 'Amylases', 'Biotechnology', 'Catalase', 'Cellulase', 'Glucose-6-Phosphatase', 'Lignin', 'Lipase', 'Peptide Hydrolases', 'Pleurotus', 'Refuse Disposal', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'Substrate Specificity', 'alpha-Amylases']
| 17,931,860
|
[['B01.300.179.100'], ['D08.811.277.450.066'], ['H01.158.550', 'J01.897.120'], ['D08.811.682.732.332'], ['D08.811.277.450.420.200.200'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.225'], ['D05.750.078.562.180.515', 'D05.750.078.687', 'D20.538', 'D25.720.099.687', 'J01.637.051.720.099.687'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.400'], ['D08.811.277.656'], ['B01.300.179.100.650'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.700', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777'], ['G02.111.835'], ['D08.811.277.450.066.050']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Cryoglobulin composition in patients with myocardial infarction.
|
The formation of an ischemic focus in the myocardium is paralleled by autoimmune processes involving immunoglobulins with abnormal thermal solubility, cryoglobulins. Serum levels of cryoglobulins and their complexes were measured in 25 patients with Q-forming myocardial infarction on days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 of the disease. Cryoprotein levels were measured by spectrophotometry, concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG, and fibronectin by ELISA. Cryocomplexes in patients with myocardial infarction consist of polyclonal immunoglobulins of the main classes IgG and IgM, less often IgA, while cryoglobulinemia in this patient population is referred to type III according to the commonly used classification by Brouet. Fibronectin was detected in the cryocomplexes throughout the entire period of observation, its dynamics being opposite to that of the cryocomplexes level.
|
['Adult', 'Cryoglobulinemia', 'Cryoglobulins', 'Female', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Immunoglobulin M', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction']
| 22,268,030
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.454.140', 'C15.378.147.780.243', 'C15.378.463.515.140', 'C20.683.780.250'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.900.225', 'D12.776.124.790.651.900.225', 'D12.776.377.715.548.900.225'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.026', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.026', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.026'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.393', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.393', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.393'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.574', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.574', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.574'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chip-based mtDNA mutation screening enables fast and reliable genetic diagnosis of OXPHOS patients.
|
PURPOSE: Oxidative phosphorylation is under dual genetic control of the nuclear and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Oxidative phosphorylation disorders are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to determine the genetic defect, and symptom-based protocols which link clinical symptoms directly to a specific gene or mtDNA mutation are falling short. Moreover, approximately 25% of the pediatric patients with oxidative phosphorylation disorders is estimated to have mutations in the mtDNA and a standard screening approach for common mutations and deletions will only explain part of these cases. Therefore, we tested a new CHIP-based screening method for the mtDNA.METHODS: MitoChip (Affymetrix) resequencing was performed on three test samples and on 28 patient samples.RESULTS: Call rates were 94% on average and heteroplasmy detection levels varied from 5-50%. A genetic diagnosis can be made in almost one-quarter of the patients at a potential output of 8 complete mtDNA sequences every 4 days. Moreover, a number of potentially pathogenic unclassified variants (UV) were detected.CONCLUSIONS: The availability of long-range PCR protocols and the predominance of single nucleotide substitutions in the mtDNA make the resequencing CHIP a very fast and reliable method to screen the complete mtDNA for mutations.
|
['Child', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Genetic Testing', 'Humans', 'Mitochondrial Diseases', 'Mutation', 'Nucleic Acid Conformation', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Oxidative Phosphorylation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Transfer']
| 17,079,878
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['E05.393.760.700.300'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['E01.370.225.562', 'E05.200.562', 'E05.393.435', 'N02.421.308.430', 'N02.421.726.233.221'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.660'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G02.111.570.820.486', 'G05.360.580'], ['E05.393.661.640', 'E05.393.760.640', 'E05.588.570.660', 'E05.601.640'], ['G02.111.665.550', 'G03.295.631', 'G03.796.550'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D13.444.735.757']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Effect of the composition of polysaccharides in gelatinized cornstarch on alcohol absorption].
|
Sorption of alcohols in aqueous suspensions of gelatinized cornstarches with various contents of amylose was studied by capillary gas chromatography. Alcohol sorption depended primarily on the structure of alcohols, but not on the composition of polysaccharides. No correlation was found between the efficiency of sorption and amylose content in starch. The amount of substances sorbed by starches depended linearly on their initial concentration in the gel. Normal and highly amylose starches sorbed alcohols to a similar degree. However, increasing the length of alkyl substituents improved sorption of alcohols. Amylopectin starch differed in high affinity for small molecules and low sensitivity to the structure and hydrophobicity of alcohols.
|
['Absorption', 'Alcohols', 'Amylopectin', 'Amylose', 'Chromatography, Gas', 'Gels', 'Polysaccharides', 'Starch']
| 14,714,487
|
[['G01.015', 'G02.010', 'G03.015', 'G03.787.024', 'G07.690.725.015'], ['D02.033'], ['D09.301.915.194', 'D09.698.365.855.194'], ['D09.301.915.361', 'D09.698.365.855.361'], ['E05.196.181.349'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D09.698'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
In vitro evaluation of liposomes containing bio-enhancers for the oral delivery of macromolecules.
|
The aim of this work was to develop a new type of liposomes containing bio-enhancers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules. The study focused on EPC/cholesterol-based formulations combined with TPGS 1000 and 400, cholylsarcosine (CS), cetylpyridinium chloride (CpCl) and stearylamine (SA) covering a broad range of different types of enhancers. Most of the tested liposomal formulations and enhancers showed neither influence on cell viability in the Alamar Blue® assay nor an increase in lactate dehydrogenase LDH release. But, at a concentration of 1 mM, CpCl exhibited a strong toxicity after 2 h, TPGS 1000 reduced the cell viability at the same concentration after 8h significantly. Only one liposomal formulation with 25% CpCl led to a decrease in viability to 60.0% after 8h at a total lipid concentration of 5 mM. In the Caco-2 Transwell® model, one formulation with 5% TPGS 400 improved the permeation of FITC-dextran 70 kDa 3.34 ± 0.62-fold, one with 10% CpCl 3.69 ± 0.67 and one with 10% CS and 2.5% SA 3.41 ± 0.51-fold without influencing the TER. Liposomes with 10% SA or 25% CpCl increased the permeation of FITC-dextran 29.02 ± 5.84, respectively 39.28 ± 2.10-fold, but led also to a strong reduction in the TER. Especially, the three formulations which enhanced the permeation of FITC-dextran around 3.5-fold without showing any cell toxicity or decrease in TER should be safe and effective candidates for the development of an oral delivery system for hydrophilic macromolecules.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Amines', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholic Acids', 'Dextrans', 'Drug Carriers', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Humans', 'Liposomes', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Phosphatidylcholines', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Sarcosine', 'Vitamin E']
| 20,849,953
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['D02.092'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D04.210.500.105.225', 'D04.210.500.221.430'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E02.319.300'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D05'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D12.125.481.700.374'], ['D03.383.663.283.909', 'D03.633.100.150.909']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The relative vitamin A value of 9-cis beta-carotene is less and that of 13-cis beta-carotene may be greater than the accepted 50% that of all-trans beta-carotene in gerbils.
|
The effectiveness of beta-carotene (betaC) as a vitamin A (VA) precursor may be influenced by the proportions of cis isomers of betaC consumed in the diet. Although the metabolic fates of cis isomers of betaC are poorly understood, their retinol equivalency has been assigned a value 50% that of all-trans (at) betaC. A dose-response design was used to estimate the relative VA value (VAV) of atbetaC, 9-cis (9c) betaC and 13-cis (13c) betaC in gerbils using total liver retinol as a measure of VAV. Ten groups of gerbils received a daily dose of oil with or without betaC isomer by gavage for 7 d. Nine groups (n = 5) were divided equally among the three betaC dosing treatments with each isomer provided at 141, 275 and 418 nmol/d. Total liver VA (171-259 nmol) in gerbils administered atbetaC was higher than total liver betaC (25-53 nmol). Stores of VA and betaC in livers from gerbils administered atbetaC were higher than stores of VA and betaC in livers from those given 9cbetaC or 13cbetaC. The relative VAV of cis betaC isomers was estimated by comparing slopes of dose-response lines of all three betaC isomers using atbetaC as a reference. Total liver VA and betaC increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing betaC intake in gerbils gavaged with all three betaC isomer oils. The relative VAV of 9cbetaC was less (38%) and 13cbetaC was more (62%) than the assigned value of 50% that of atbetaC. Thus, the proportions of cis isomers of betaC contained in a food could negatively affect the vitamin A value of the diet.
|
['Administration, Oral', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Gerbillinae', 'Kidney', 'Linear Models', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Spleen', 'Vitamin A', 'beta Carotene']
| 12,221,233
|
[['E02.319.267.100'], ['A06.300.071'], ['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['A03.620'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.123', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.050', 'D02.455.849.131.123', 'D23.767.261.050']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.