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Properties of myelin altered peptide ligand cyclo(87-99)(Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 render it a promising drug lead for immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis.
|
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and it has been established that autoreactive T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Myelin basic protein (MBP) epitopes are major autoantigens in MS, and the sequence MBP87-99 is an immunodominant epitope. We have previously reported that MBP87-99 peptides with modifications at principal T-cell receptor (TCR) contact sites suppressed the induction of EAE symptoms in rats and SJL/J mice, diverted the immune response from Th1 to Th2 and generated antibodies that did not cross react with the native MBP protein. In this study, the linear and cyclic analogs of the MBP87-99 epitope, namely linear (Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 (P2) and cyclo(87-99)(Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 (P3), were evaluated for their binding to HLA-DR4, stability to lysosomal enzymes, their effect on cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from MS patients or healthy subjects (controls), and their effect in rat EAE. P1 peptide (wild-type, MBP87-99) was used as control. P2 and P3 did not alter significantly the cytokine secretion by control PBMC, in contrast to P1 that induced moderate IL-10 production. In MS PBMC, P2 and P3 induced the production of IL-2 and IFN-ã, with a simultaneous decrease of IL-10, whereas P1 caused a reduction of IL-10 secretion only. The cellular response to P3 indicated that cyclization did not affect the critical TCR contact sites in MS PBMC. Interestingly, the cyclic P3 analog was found to be a stronger binder to HLA-DR4 compared to linear P2. Moreover, cyclic P3 was more stable to proteolysis compared to linear P2. Finally, both P2 and P3 suppressed EAE induced by an encephalitogenic guinea pig MBP74-85 epitope in Lewis rats whereas P1 failed to do so. In conclusion, cyclization of myelin altered peptide ligand (Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 improved binding affinity to HLA-DR4, resistance to proteolysis and antigen-specific immunomodulation, rendering cyclo(87-99)(Ala91,Ala96)MBP87-99 an important candidate drug for MS immunotherapy.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Ligands', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Structure', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'Myelin Basic Protein', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Young Adult']
| 26,112,377
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['C10.114.703.300', 'C10.228.140.695.562.250', 'C10.314.350.250', 'C20.111.258.625.300', 'E05.598.500.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['A11.118.637.555', 'A15.145.229.637.555', 'A15.382.490.555'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['C10.114.375.500', 'C10.314.350.500', 'C20.111.258.250.500'], ['D12.776.543.620.540', 'D12.776.631.580.510'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.280', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.280'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Efficacy of mouth rinse in preventing oral mucositis in patients receiving high-dose cytarabine for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
|
High-dose cytarabine is one of the major components of the conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and frequently causes severe oral mucositis. We have recently demonstrated that cytarabine is excreted into the saliva in patients receiving high-dose cytarabine, and proposed that it might locally and directly contribute to the development of oral mucositis. Therefore, this study was performed to assess whether removing the excreted cytarabine in the saliva by intensive mouth rinse during high-dose cytarabine infusion could reduce the incidence of oral mucositis. Fifteen patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic HSCT who received total body irradiation (12 Gy) and high-dose cytarabine at a dose of 3 g/m(2) every 12 h for 4 days as a conditioning were evaluated. Patients were instructed to rinse their mouths using ice-cold water every 10 min, starting simultaneously with the 2-h cytarabine infusion and continuing up to 1 h after completion of each infusion. Oral mucositis was graded on a daily basis according to the National Cancer Institute, Common Toxicity Criteria. Thirty-five patients who previously underwent the same conditioning without mouth rinse served as controls. The incidence of Grades 2-3 and Grade 3 oral mucositis was significantly reduced in patients who performed mouth rinse as compared with the controls (40 vs. 80%, P = 0.009; 0 vs. 25. 7%, P = 0.02). In conclusion, mouth rinse during and shortly after high-dose cytarabine infusion could be an effective and inexpensive measure in reducing the incidence of moderate to severe oral mucositis caused by high-dose cytarabine. This finding strongly suggests the role of cytarabine excretion in the saliva in the development of cytarabine-associated oral mucositis.
|
['Adult', 'Cytarabine', 'Female', 'Hematologic Neoplasms', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oral Hygiene', 'Stomatitis', 'Transplantation Conditioning', 'Transplantation, Homologous', 'Whole-Body Irradiation']
| 18,972,188
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.453', 'D13.570.065.300', 'D13.570.685.245.453'], ['C04.588.448', 'C15.378.400'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.547.600', 'E06.761.726'], ['C07.465.864'], ['E02.095.465.425.450.800', 'E05.478.610.800'], ['E04.936.864'], ['E02.815.814', 'E05.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficacy and safety of postoperative early mobilization for chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients.
|
BACKGROUND: The incidences of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) will probably increase with the aging of the population; thus, postoperative care of elderly CSDH patients may play a more important role in surgical management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of and adverse effects after postoperative early mobilization (EM) for elderly CSDH patients.METHODS: This is a single-institution historical control study. One hundred eighty-two patients with CSDH aged 65 years and older underwent one burr-hole surgery between 2001 and 2008. This institution has prospectively conducted an EM protocol after surgery since 2005. The emphasis of the EM was helping patients not only to an upright position but also to walk beginning the day of operation. The incidences of postoperative complications and recurrence of CSDH were compared between the EM group (n = 91; 76.5 +/- 6.5 years old) and a delayed mobilization (DM) group (n = 91; 77.9 +/- 7.5 years old).RESULTS: Postoperative complications, such as pneumonia and urinary tract infection, was observed in 24 (26.4%) in the DM group and 11 (12.1%) in the EM group (p < 0.05). The rate of recurrence did not differ between the two groups (6.6% and 8.8%, respectively; p = 0.58).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that EM after one burr-hole surgery prevents postoperative complications without increasing the risk of recurrence in CSDH patients > or =65 years of age.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Craniotomy', 'Early Ambulation', 'Female', 'Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Care', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies']
| 20,336,332
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.525.190'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.335', 'E02.831.335'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.450.400.120', 'C10.900.300.837.600.120', 'C14.907.253.573.400.450.120', 'C23.550.414.838.700.200', 'C23.550.414.913.700.200', 'C26.915.300.490.450.120'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.700', 'E04.604.500', 'N02.421.585.722.700'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Attitudes to cuts in expenditure and increased fees in health care.
|
The aim of this postal questionnaire study was to measure attitudes to cuts and increased fees in health care in various Finnish population groups. Four groups were identified; a population sample of 2000 subjects, aged 18-70 y; a random sample of 1500 medical doctors of working age; a random sample of 1000 nurses of working age; and a sample of 2200 politicians involved in health and social care administration, mostly at the municipal level (altogether 6700 subjects). The main questionnaire included, among other things, the following questions: (1) Which of 18 specified medical activities at the primary health care level could be cut without causing severe harm to the population? (2) For which of 13 specified medical activities should clients pay at least 50% of the real cost? All the groups indicated the greatest willingness to cut expenditure on health education, occupational health services, hygiene inspection, substance abuse care, rehabilitation services for war veterans, and family planning. All the groups were least willing to make cuts in home care for disabled and elderly people, maternity services and clinics for under-fives. Most respondents in all groups felt that the activities for which clients should pay at least 50% of the cost were visits to physicians, occupational health services and dental services, whereas clinics for under-five and home care for disabled and elderly persons should be kept free of charge. As a conclusion, primary health care and prevention of diseases for small children, mothers, the elderly and disabled persons, were prioritised by all the groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Attitude to Health', 'Fees, Medical', 'Female', 'Financing, Personal', 'Finland', 'Health Care Rationing', 'Health Expenditures', 'Health Priorities', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Primary Health Care', 'Social Values', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 9,090,279
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['N03.219.300.426', 'N03.219.442.426'], ['N03.219.559'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['I01.261.750.500', 'N03.349.270', 'N05.300.430.375'], ['N03.219.151.450', 'N05.300.385'], ['N03.349.330', 'N05.300.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.590.233.727'], ['F01.829.873'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Dropped gallstones post laparoscopic cholecystectomy mimicking peritoneal seeding: CT and ultrasound features.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the ultrasound (US) and CT features of dropped gallstones mimicking peritoneal seeding in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCC).METHOD: We describe the US and CT features of dropped gallstones mimicking peritoneal seeding in eight patients who underwent LCC. We also conducted a retrospective study of consecutive LCC patients who subsequently had CT to determine the prevalence of this condition.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The density of dropped gallstones on CT ranged from hypodense to partially or completely calcified nodules. Some stones did not have visible surrounding reaction, whereas others showed an enhancing halo. All stones were echogenic and demonstrated shadowing on US. The stones were located mostly on the right side of the abdomen, and the majority were around the liver. The prevalence of dropped gallstones post laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 4.2%.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic', 'Cholelithiasis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medical Errors', 'Middle Aged', 'Peritoneal Diseases', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Ultrasonography']
| 12,488,750
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210.120.172.140', 'E04.502.250.520.160'], ['C06.130.409'], ['E01.171'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.421.450'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C06.844'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.370.350.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental validation of the PowerPlex® ESX 16 and PowerPlex® ESX 17 Systems.
|
We describe the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex(®) ESX 16 (European Standard Extended 16) and the PowerPlex(®) ESX 17 Systems, part of a suite of four new DNA profiling kits developed by Promega in response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups' call for new STR multiplexes for Europe. The PowerPlex(®) ESX 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database, contained within the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to incorporate these five new loci as mini- and midi-STRs while maintaining the loci found in the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) kit as standard size. The PowerPlex(®) ESX 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex(®) ESX 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR(®) SGM Plus(®) kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex(®) ESX 16 and ESX 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. In mixture analysis, a range of 52-95% of unique minor contributor alleles was observed at 19:1 mixture ratios where only 25 pg of the minor component was present. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of information obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.
|
['DNA', 'Gene Frequency', 'Humans', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 21,466,982
|
[['D13.444.308'], ['G05.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.080.708.800.500', 'G05.360.340.024.850.500'], ['E05.393.620.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[The regularities and tendencies of infant and children mortality in the Russian Federation].
|
The article presents dynamics and causes of infant and children mortality in the Russian Federation during post-soviet period (1990-2012) in conditions of implementation of demographic policy and reforming of health care system. The data of official statistics of Rosstat (1990-2012) is analyzed. The comparative analysis with similar indicators in countries of European Union was made. The significant decreasing of infant mortality more than twice at the expense of all its components (early neonatal, neonatal, post-neonatal mortality) and because ofalmost all causes (conditions of perinatal period, infectious diseases, respiratory organs diseases, malformations, accidents) is established In the Russian. Federation, the characteristic of this indicator is decreasing of neonatal mortality and mortality and increasing of post-neonatal mortality in contrast with countries of European Union where its decreasing occurs just at the expense of late losses. It is demonstrated that this particularity is conditioned by under-registration of infants died in early neonatal period. The higher level of infant mortality in rural territories is established. However, the gap between urban and rural indicators shortens. In the Russian Federation infant mortality has regional characteristics and the Siberian and Far-East region are the most unfavorable ones. The mortality of children aged before 5 decreases. However, its level is still higher than in countries of European Union. Among causes of death of children in this age group the first places are for external factors and significance of malignant neoplasms increases. Therefore, development of system of mother and child health care in the Russian Federation made it possible to significantly decrease infant and children mortality.
|
['Cause of Death', 'Child', 'Child Mortality', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant Mortality', 'Russia']
| 26,012,278
|
[['E05.318.308.985.550.250', 'N01.224.935.698.100', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.250', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.250'], ['M01.060.406'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.287', 'N01.224.935.698.150', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.287', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.287'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.475', 'N01.224.935.698.489', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.475', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.475'], ['Z01.252.122.500', 'Z01.542.248.775']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Structural requirements of mono- and multivalent L-selectin blocking aptamers for enhanced receptor inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
|
UNLABELLED: L-selectin mediates extravasation of leukocytes from blood into the surrounding tissue during inflammation and is therefore a therapeutical target in certain overwhelming immune reactions. In this study, we characterized an L-selectin specific blocking DNA aptamer with respect to nucleotide composition and target binding. Introduction of deletions and nucleotide exchanges resulted in an optimized DNA sequence but preservation of the IC50 in the low nanomolar range. The inhibitory potential was significantly increased when the aptamer was displayed as a di- and trimer connected via appropriate linker length. Similar to monoclonal antibodies, trimer yielded picomolar IC50 values in a competitive binding assay. In comparison to the monovalent aptamer, the trivalent assembly reduced PBMC interactions to L-selectin ligands 90-fold under shear and exerted superior inhibition of PBMC rolling in vivo. In conclusion, our work demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing aptamer sequences and shows that multivalent ligand presentation enables superior adhesion receptor targeting.FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: During inflammation, leukocytes extravasate from blood vessels under chemotaxic signals. The presence of L-selectin on endothelium acts as a mediator for the extravasation process. In this study, the authors investigated an L-selectin specific blocking DNA aptamer in various forms, as inhibitors to leukocyte binding and extravasation. This new approach confirmed the potential use of aptamers in clinical setting.
|
['Aptamers, Nucleotide', 'Blood Buffy Coat', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'L-Selectin', 'Leukocytes', 'Ligands', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Protein Binding']
| 26,772,426
|
[['D13.695.578.424.224'], ['A15.145.229.093'], ['G04.022'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.395.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.503.843.510', 'D12.776.543.550.200.625.903', 'D12.776.543.550.200.700.510', 'D12.776.543.750.705.877.903', 'D23.050.301.350.625.903', 'D23.050.301.350.700.510'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['D13.695.578.424'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Radioactive mercury distribution in biological fluids and excretion in human subjects after inhalation of mercury vapor.
|
The distribution of mercury in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, and its excretion in urine and feces are described in five human subjects during the first 7 days following inhalation of radioactive mercury vapor. A major portion (98%) of radioactive mercury in whole blood is initially accumulated in the RBCs and is transferred partly to the plasma compartment until the ratio of mercury in RBCs to plasma is about 2 within 20 hr. The cumulative urinary and fecal excretion of mercury for 7 days is about 11.6% of the retained dose, and is closely related to the percent decline in body burden of mercury. There is little correlation between either the urinary excretion and plasma radioactivity of mercury, or the specific activities of urine and plasma mercury, suggesting a mechanism other than a direct glomercular filtration involved in the urinary excretion of recently exposed mercury. These studies suggest that blood mercury levels can be used as an index of recent exposure, while urinary levels may be an index of renal concentration of mercury. Howver, there is no reliable index for mercury concentration in the brain.
|
['Adult', 'Erythrocytes', 'Feces', 'Gases', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mercury', 'Mercury Radioisotopes', 'Respiration', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 686,833
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A11.118.290', 'A11.443.240', 'A15.145.229.334'], ['A12.459'], ['D01.362'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.504', 'D01.268.956.437', 'D01.552.544.504'], ['D01.268.556.504.500.500', 'D01.268.956.437.500.500', 'D01.496.532.500', 'D01.496.749.590', 'D01.552.544.504.500.500'], ['G09.772.705'], ['G01.910.857'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Cord atrophy separates early primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The onset of multiple sclerosis is relapsing remitting or primary progressive. An improved understanding of the causes of early progressive disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) could provide mechanistic targets for therapeutic intervention.METHODS: Five magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters that could potentially cause progressive disability were investigated in 43 patients with early PPMS and in 37 patients with early relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): atrophy in brain, both grey matter and white matter; intrinsic abnormality in brain, both grey matter and white matter (measured by the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR)); and atrophy of the upper cervical spinal cord. Both groups were also compared with controls.RESULTS: Patients with PPMS were older and more likely to be men. Both patient groups had atrophy of brain grey matter and white matter, and intrinsic abnormality in MTR of normal-appearing grey matter and white matter. Cord atrophy was present only in the PPMS (mean cord area: PPMS, 67.8 mm2; RRMS, 72.7 mm2; controls, 73.4 mm2; p = 0.007). This was confirmed by multivariate analysis of all five MRI parameters, age and sex.CONCLUSION: Grey matter and white matter of the brain are abnormal in both early RRMS and PPMS, but cord atrophy is present only in PPMS. This is concordant with myelopathy being the usual clinical presentation of PPMS. Measurement of cord atrophy seems to be clinically relevant in PPMS treatment trials.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrophy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Recurrence', 'Spinal Cord']
| 16,793,860
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C23.300.070'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C10.114.375.500.200', 'C10.314.350.500.200', 'C20.111.258.250.500.200'], ['C10.114.375.500.600', 'C10.314.350.500.600', 'C20.111.258.250.500.600'], ['C23.550.291.937'], ['A08.186.854']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Autonomic regulation therapy for the improvement of left ventricular function and heart failure symptoms: the ANTHEM-HF study.
|
BACKGROUND: Outcomes of heart failure (HF) have improved dramatically with the use of blockers of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, as well as with more prevalent use of implantable cardiac defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Despite these interventions, however, the overall prognosis of HF patients remains poor. Recently, stimulation of the right cervical vagus nerve in patients with symptomatic heart failure has been evaluated. Results suggest that vagal nerve stimulation provides sustained improvement in left ventricular (LV) function and symptoms associated with HF. However, much remains to be learned about the risks and benefits of therapies that alter autonomic regulatory function for the treatment of heart failure.METHODS: The Autonomic Neural Regulation Therapy to Enhance Myocardial Function in Heart Failure (ANTHEM-HF) study has been designed to address several key clinical questions about the role of autonomic regulation therapy (ART) in patients with LV dysfunction and chronic symptomatic heart failure.CONCLUSIONS: ANTHEM-HF should provide additional and valuable information regarding the safety and the relationship between the site and intensity of ART and its salutary effects on HF.
|
['Autonomic Nervous System', 'Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vagus Nerve Stimulation', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']
| 24,054,343
|
[['A08.800.050'], ['E02.331.200.500'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E02.331.900'], ['C14.280.945.900']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
The Supragingival Biofilm in Early Childhood Caries: Clinical and Laboratory Protocols and Bioinformatics Pipelines Supporting Metagenomics, Metatranscriptomics, and Metabolomics Studies of the Oral Microbiome.
|
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a biofilm-mediated disease. Social, environmental, and behavioral determinants as well as innate susceptibility are major influences on its incidence; however, from a pathogenetic standpoint, the disease is defined and driven by oral dysbiosis. In other words, the disease occurs when the natural equilibrium between the host and its oral microbiome shifts toward states that promote demineralization at the biofilm-tooth surface interface. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of dental caries as a disease requires the characterization of both the composition and the function or metabolic activity of the supragingival biofilm according to well-defined clinical statuses. However, taxonomic and functional information of the supragingival biofilm is rarely available in clinical cohorts, and its collection presents unique challenges among very young children. This paper presents a protocol and pipelines available for the conduct of supragingival biofilm microbiome studies among children in the primary dentition, that has been designed in the context of a large-scale population-based genetic epidemiologic study of ECC. The protocol is being developed for the collection of two supragingival biofilm samples from the maxillary primary dentition, enabling downstream taxonomic (e.g., metagenomics) and functional (e.g., transcriptomics and metabolomics) analyses. The protocol is being implemented in the assembly of a pediatric precision medicine cohort comprising over 6000 participants to date, contributing social, environmental, behavioral, clinical, and biological data informing ECC and other oral health outcomes.
|
['Bacteria', 'Biofilms', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Dental Caries', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gingiva', 'Humans', 'Metabolomics', 'Metagenomics', 'Microbiota', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sequence Analysis, RNA', 'Software', 'Specimen Handling', 'Tooth, Deciduous', 'Transcriptome']
| 30,838,598
|
[['B03'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C07.793.720.210'], ['E05.393.332'], ['A14.549.167.646.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.158.201.586', 'H01.158.273.180.599', 'H01.181.122.638'], ['H01.158.273.343.350.261'], ['G06.591', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['E05.393.760.710'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['A14.549.167.860.700'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Piscine orthoreovirus subtype 3 (PRV-3) causes heart inflammation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
|
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) mediated diseases have emerged throughout salmonid aquaculture. Three PRV subtypes are currently reported as causative agents of or in association with diseases in different salmonid species. PRV-1 causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and is associated with jaundice syndrome in farmed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). PRV-2 causes erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) in coho salmon in Japan. PRV-3 has recently been associated with a disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) characterized by anaemia, heart and red muscle pathology; to jaundice syndrome in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). In this study, we conducted a 10-week long experimental infection trial in rainbow trout with purified PRV-3 particles to assess the causal relationship between the virus and development of heart inflammation. The monitoring the PRV-3 load in heart and spleen by RT-qPCR shows a progressive increase of viral RNA to a peak, followed by clearance without a measurable change in haematocrit. The development of characteristic cardiac histopathological findings occurred in the late phase of the trial and was associated with increased expression of CD8+, indicating cytotoxic T cell proliferation. The findings indicate that, under these experimental conditions, PRV-3 infection in rainbow trout act similarly to PRV-1 infection in Atlantic salmon with regards to immunological responses and development of heart pathology, but not in the ability to establish a persistent infection.
|
['Animals', 'Fish Diseases', 'Heart Diseases', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Inflammation', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Orthoreovirus', 'Reoviridae Infections']
| 30,777,130
|
[['B01.050'], ['C22.362'], ['C14.280'], ['G12.450.564'], ['C23.550.470'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['B04.820.223.719.590'], ['C01.925.782.791']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Phosphorylation-specific status of RNAi triggers in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution analyses.
|
The RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutic ARC-520 for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection consists of a melittin-derived peptide conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine for hepatocyte targeting and endosomal escape, and cholesterol-conjugated RNAi triggers, which together result in HBV gene silencing. To characterize the kinetics of RNAi trigger delivery and 5´-phosphorylation of guide strands correlating with gene knockdown, we employed a peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) hybridization assay. A fluorescent sense strand PNA probe binding to RNAi duplex guide strands was coupled with anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography to quantitate guide strands and metabolites. Compared to PCR- or ELISA-based methods, this assay enables separate quantitation of non-phosphorylated full-length guide strands from 5´-phosphorylated forms that may associate with RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC). Biodistribution studies in mice indicated that ARC-520 guide strands predominantly accumulated in liver. 5´-phosphorylation of guide strands was observed within 5 min after ARC-520 injection, and was detected for at least 4 weeks corresponding to the duration of HBV mRNA silencing. Guide strands detected in RISC by AGO2 immuno-isolation represented 16% of total 5´-phosphorylated guide strands in liver, correlating with a 2.7 log10 reduction of HBsAg. The PNA method enables pharmacokinetic analysis of RNAi triggers, elucidates potential metabolic processing events and defines pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships.
|
['Animals', 'Argonaute Proteins', 'Female', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hepatitis B Surface Antigens', 'Hepatitis B virus', 'Hepatitis B, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Peptide Nucleic Acids', 'Phosphorylation', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Guide', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA, Viral', 'RNA-Induced Silencing Complex', 'Tissue Distribution']
| 28,180,327
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.810.500', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.810.500', 'D12.776.157.725.500.906.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500.906.500'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D23.050.327.495.500.475'], ['B04.280.375.650.425', 'B04.450.390.650.425'], ['C01.221.250.500.100', 'C01.925.256.430.400.100', 'C01.925.440.435.100', 'C06.552.380.350.100', 'C06.552.380.705.437.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.510', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.510'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.565', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.565'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.780'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['D13.695.578.424.550'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.625'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['D08.811.277.352.355.350.810', 'D08.811.277.352.700.350.810', 'D12.776.157.725.500.906', 'D12.776.664.962.500.906'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Balloon embolectomy catheters in small arteries. III. Surgical significance of eccentric balloons.
|
Some embolectomy balloons distend eccentrically. This study was undertaken to compare balloon eccentricity in air with that which occurs in arteries, to determine the influence of balloon eccentricity on shear force, and to estimate the injury potential of eccentric balloons. We studied 21 Edwards and 17 Shiley catheters in 24 dog carotid arteries in vitro. Each vessel was mounted horizontally in a Krebs-Ringer bath with one end of the vessel suspended from a force gauge. Catheters were inserted through an arteriotomy, and balloons were distended to lateral wall pressures of 25, 75, and 125 mm Hg. X-ray studies were used to measure balloon eccentricity--that is, the ratio of larger radius (R) to smaller radius (r). Comparison revealed a high correlation (r = 0.88, P less than 0.05) between R/r values in air and R/r values within arteries. Shear forces were produced when balloons were withdrawn through arteries. Regression equations revealed that the shear force increased about 10% for each unit increase in R/r. However, extremely eccentric balloons (R/r 8:1) pushed the catheter shaft deep into the vessel wall, gouging a linear tear in the media. This was seen in vitro and in two dogs studied 2 and 14 days after embolectomy. We conclude that balloon eccentricity in air is an accurate indicator of balloon eccentricity within arteries, that moderately eccentric balloons (R/r 3:1) are acceptable for clinical use, but that extremely eccentric balloons (R/r greater than 3:1) may cause severe injury and should not be used in the operating room.
|
['Animals', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Injuries', 'Dogs', 'Embolism', 'Methods', 'Models, Biological', 'Postoperative Complications']
| 6,829,008
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.186'], ['C10.228.140.300.200.345', 'C10.228.140.300.350.500', 'C10.900.250.300', 'C14.907.253.123.345', 'C14.907.253.535.500', 'C26.915.200.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['C14.907.355.350'], ['E05.581'], ['E05.599.395'], ['C23.550.767']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia in older Malaysians.
|
OBJECTIVE: The rapid expansion of the aged population in Malaysia is expected to greatly increase the number of persons with dementia in the country. However, data on dementia prevalence at the national level is lacking, and little is known about the sociodemographic risk factors and correlates of dementia. This paper describes a nationwide study of dementia prevalence and its sociodemographic risk factors and health correlates among older Malaysians.METHODS: In the nationwide study, the Mental Health and Quality of Life of Older Malaysians, AGECAT-GMS was used to diagnose dementia in a nationally representative sample of 2,980 persons aged 60 and above.RESULTS: The prevalence rate of dementia was 14.3%. Higher dementia prevalences were found in oldest age (26.3%), women (19.7%), no formal education (24.1%), Bumiputeras (32.2%), unmarried (19.4%), unemployed (31.3%) and very poor on self-rated health (33.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age, female gender, no formal education, ethnicity and very poor self-rated health were independent risk factors and correlates of dementia.CONCLUSIONS: Relatively higher prevalence rates of dementia in older Malaysians were accounted for by greater proportions without education, Malay and Bumiputera ethnicity, and other unknown factors which should be further investigated.
|
['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Dementia', 'Education', 'Employment', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Malaysia', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'Rural Population', 'Sex Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']
| 21,252,548
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['I02'], ['N01.824.245'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['E05.318.308.225', 'I01.240.425.350', 'N01.224.425.350', 'N05.715.360.300.360', 'N06.850.505.400.425.350', 'N06.850.520.308.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.145.487'], ['F01.829.263.315.500', 'I01.240.361.500', 'I01.880.853.150.423.500', 'N01.224.361.500', 'N01.824.308.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F04.711.513'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N01.600.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Convulsions from excessive dosage of nalidixic acid: a case report.
|
A 4-year-old girl who developed convulsions after an accidental ingestion of excessive dosage (50 mg/kg) of nalidixic acid, while treated with the drug (50 mg/kg/day) over 30 days for a urinary tract infection, was reported. Thirty minutes after ingestion, vomiting, tonic-clonic seizures, and abnormal movements were supervened. After ninety minutes, the serum levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 146.1 and 48.9 microgram/ml, respectively. In controls, the mean levels of nalidixic acid and hydroxynalidixic acid were 7.8 +/- 6.8 (SD) and 3.02 +/- 2.6 microgram/ml, respectively.
|
['Child, Preschool', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Nalidixic Acid', 'Seizures', 'Urinary Tract Infections']
| 553,453
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Postnatal expression of myostatin propeptide cDNA maintained high muscle growth and normal adipose tissue mass in transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet.
|
Myostatin plays a robust, negative role in controlling muscle mass. A disruption of myostatin function by transgenic expression of its propeptide (the 5'region, 866 nucleotides) results in significant muscle growth (Yang et al., 2001. Mol Rep Dev 60:351-361). Studies from myostatin and the propeptide transgene mRNA indicated that myostatin mRNA was detected at day 10.5 postcoitum in fetal mice. Its level remained low, but increased by 180% during the postnatal fast-growth period (day 0-10). An early, high-level postnatal expression of the transgene was identified as being responsible for a highly muscled phenotype. High-fat diet induces adiposity in rodents. To study the effects of dietary fat on muscle growth and adipose tissue fat deposition in the transgenic mice, we challenged the mice with a high-fat diet (45% kcal fat) for 21 weeks. Transgenic mice showed 24%-50% further enhancement of growth on the high-fat diet compared to the normal-fat diet (P = 0.004) from 17 to 25 weeks of age. The total mass of the main muscles of transgenic mice showed a 27% increase on the high-fat diet compared to the normal-fat diet (P = 0.004), while the white adipose tissue mass of the transgenic mice was not significantly different from that of wild-type mice fed a normal-fat diet (P = 0.434). The high-fat diet induced wild-type mice developed 190% greater mass of white adipose tissues compared to the normal-fat diet (P = 0.008), which primarily resulted from enlarged adipocytes. These results demonstrate that disruption of myostatin function by its propeptide shifted dietary fat utilization toward muscle tissues with minimal effects on adiposity. These results suggest that enhancing muscle growth by myostatin propeptide or other means during the early developmental stage may serve as an effective means for obesity prevention.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Body Weight', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Dietary Fats', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myostatin', 'Peptides', 'Protein Precursors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']
| 16,437,538
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['G05.308.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.644.276.954.300.925', 'D12.776.467.942.300.925', 'D23.529.942.300.925'], ['D12.644'], ['D12.776.811'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.644.276.374.687', 'D12.644.276.954.775', 'D12.776.467.374.687', 'D12.776.467.942.775', 'D23.529.374.687', 'D23.529.942.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Functional diversification of grapevine MYB5a and MYB5b in the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in a petunia anthocyanin regulatory mutant.
|
Flavonoids play a key role in grapevine physiology and also contribute substantially to the quality of berries and wines. VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b are R2R3-MYB transcription factors previously proposed to control the spatiotemporal expression of flavonoid structural genes during berry development. We investigated the functions of these two proteins in detail by heterologous expression in a petunia an2 mutant, which has negligible anthocyanin levels in the petals because it lacks the MYB protein PhAN2. We also expressed VvMYBA1, the grapevine ortholog of petunia PhAN2, in the same genetic background. The anthocyanin profiles induced by expressing these transgenes in the petals revealed that VvMYBA1 is the functional ortholog of PhAN2 and that, unlike VvMYB5a, VvMYB5b can partially complement the an2 mutation. Transcriptomic analysis of petals by microarray hybridization and quantitative PCR confirmed that VvMYB5b up-regulates a subset of anthocyanin structural genes, whereas VvMYB5a has a more limited impact on the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, we identified additional specific and common targets of these two regulators, related to vacuolar acidification and membrane remodeling. Taken together, these data provide insight into the role of VvMYB5a and VvMYB5b in flavonoid biosynthesis and provide evidence for additional regulatory roles in distinct pathways.
|
['Anthocyanins', 'Flavonoids', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Petunia', 'Transcription Factors', 'Vitis']
| 24,363,289
|
[['D03.383.663.283.266.450.087', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.087', 'D09.408.084', 'D23.767.124'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450'], ['G05.308.375'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.448'], ['D12.776.930'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.965.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Documenting Patient Care in EHRs.
|
New Texas Medical Board rules attempt to underscore the importance of accurate information in the data-saturated electronic health record system and make doctors' reporting requirements clearer.
|
['Documentation', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Humans', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Patient Care Planning', 'Texas', 'United States']
| 26,201,069
|
[['L01.453.245'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625.500', 'N04.452.859.564.650.125', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530.250', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.625', 'L01.313.500.750.300.695', 'N04.452.859.564.650', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.530', 'N06.850.520.308.940.968.625'], ['N04.590.233.624'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Validation of different instruments for caffeine measurement among premenopausal women in the BioCycle study.
|
Effects of caffeine on women's health are inconclusive, in part because of inadequate exposure assessment. In this study we determined 1) validity of a food frequency questionnaire compared with multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) for measuring monthly caffeine and caffeinated beverage intakes; and 2) validity of the 24HDR compared with the prior day's diary record for measuring daily caffeinated coffee intake. BioCycle Study (2005-2007) participants, women (n = 259) aged 18-44 years from western New York State, were followed for 2 menstrual cycles. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at the end of each cycle, four 24HDRs per cycle, and daily diaries. Caffeine intakes reported for the food frequency questionnaires were greater than those reported for the 24HDRs (mean = 114.1 vs. 92.6mg/day, P = 0.01) but showed high correlation (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) and moderate agreement (? = 0.51, 95% confidence interval: 0.43, 0.57). Women reported less caffeinated coffee intake in their 24HDRs compared with their corresponding diary days (mean = 0.51 vs. 0.80 cups/day, P < 0.001) (1 cup = 237 mL). Although caffeine and coffee exposures were highly correlated, absolute intakes differed significantly between measurement tools. These results highlight the importance of considering potential misclassification of caffeine exposure.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Beverages', 'Caffeine', 'Coffee', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mental Recall', 'Premenopause', 'Validation Studies as Topic', "Women's Health", 'Young Adult']
| 23,462,965
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.100', 'J02.200'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D20.215.784.249', 'G07.203.100.325', 'J02.200.325'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['N04.452.859.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.425.540.641'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['E05.337.925', 'N05.715.360.335.500'], ['N01.400.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Saccade-related activity in the lateral intraparietal area. II. Spatial properties.
|
1. Single-neuron activity was recorded from the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) of Macaca mulatta monkeys while they were performing delayed saccades and related tasks. Temporal characteristics of this activity were presented in the companion paper. Here we focus on the spatial characteristics of the activity. The analysis was based on recordings from 145 neurons. All these neurons were from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a recently defined subdivision of the IPL. 2. Delayed saccades were made in eight directions. Direction-tuning curves were calculated for each neuron, during each of the following activity phases that were described in the companion paper: light sensitive (LS), delay-period memory (M), and saccade related (S); the latter further partitioned into presaccadic (Pre-S), saccade coincident (S-Co), and postsaccadic (Post-S). 3. Width and preferred direction were calculated for each direction-tuning curve. We studied the distributions of widths and preferred directions in LIP's neuronal population. In each case we included only neurons that showed clear excitatory activity in the phases in question. 4. Width was defined as the angle over which the response was higher than 50% of its maximal net value. Width distributions were similar for all phases studied. Widths varied widely from neuron to neuron, from very narrow (less than 45 degrees) to very wide (close to 360 degrees). Median widths were approximately 90 degrees in all phases. 5. Preferred-direction distributions were also similar for various phases. All directions were represented in each distribution, but contralateral directions were more frequent (e.g., 69% for S-Co). 6. For each neuron the alignment of the preferred directions of its various phases was determined. Distributions of alignments were calculated (again, phases that were not clearly excitatory were disregarded). On the level of the neuronal population LS, M, and Pre-S were well aligned with each other. S-Co was also aligned with these phases, but less precisely. 7. A set of "narrowly tuned" neurons was selected by imposing a constraint of narrow (width, less than 90 degrees) LS and S-Co direction tuning. In this set of neurons, the LS and S-Co preferred directions were very well aligned (median, 12 degrees). The fraction of narrowly tuned neurons in the population was 40% (25/63). Thus, in a large subpopulation of area LIP, a fairly precise alignment exists between sensory and motor fields. 8. An additional set of 82 area LIP neurons were recorded while the monkey performed delayed saccades to 32 targets located on small, medium, and large imaginary circles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Neurons', 'Parietal Lobe', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Saccades', 'Visual Fields']
| 1,753,277
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.463.425.179.509'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.670'], ['E05.723.729'], ['G14.350.500'], ['F02.463.593.932.934', 'G14.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Associations of epithelial sodium channel genes with blood pressure changes and hypertension incidence: the GenSalt study.
|
BACKGROUND: We examined the associations of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) genes with blood pressure (BP) changes and hypertension incidence in a longitudinal family study.METHODS: A total of 2,755 Han Chinese participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) baseline examination were eligible for this study. The associations of 43 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ENaC genes with BP changes and hypertension incidence were assessed using mixed models to account for the correlations of repeated measures among individuals and within families. A genotype by time interaction term was used to model differences in longitudinal BP change according to genotype over time. Gene-based analyses were conducted using the truncated product method. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust for multiple testing in all analyses.RESULTS: During an average of 7.4 years follow-up, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) increased, and approximately 33% of participants developed hypertension. SCNN1A SNP rs11064153 and SCNN1G SNP rs4401050 were significantly associated with longitudinal changes in SBP after adjustment for multiple testing (P interaction = 5.8?10(-4) and 0.001, respectively). Similar but nonsignificant trends were observed for the associations between both rs11064153 and rs4401050 and DBP changes (P interaction = 0.024 and 0.005, respectively) and between rs11604153 and hypertension incidence (P = 0.02). Gene-based analyses also supported the overall association of SCNN1G with longitudinal changes in SBP (P = 2.0?10(-4)).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that SCNN1A and SCNN1G may contribute to BP changes over time in the Han Chinese population. Replication of these findings is warranted.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Blood Pressure', 'China', 'Epithelial Sodium Channels', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Incidence', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Phenotype', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']
| 24,735,600
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875.200', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875.200', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875.200'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G05.695'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Nonspecific ulcer of the colon: a report on 12 endoscopically diagnosed cases].
|
Report on 12 patients with nonspecific ulcers of the colon diagnosed by colonscopy and biopsy. In 10 patients the course was favorable with conservative management. In 2 patients the symptoms were aggravated; in both patients this was due to a penetrating malignant tumour diagnosed at laparotomy a few weeks later. It is proposed that nonspecific ulcers of the colon should be managed conservatively. Further investigations and laparotomy are indicated only when symptoms progress.
|
['Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Cecal Diseases', 'Colon, Sigmoid', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sigmoidoscopy', 'Ulcer']
| 432,591
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of tetrandrine on spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine at the mouse neuromuscular junction.
|
The action of tetrandrine on spontaneous and phasic acetyl-choline (ACh) release was investigated at the mouse neuromuscular junction recording miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) and endplate potentials. Superfusion of muscles with tetrandrine (10 microM) in normal Krebs-Ringer solution induced an increase of the mean regular MEPP amplitude and the overall MEPP frequency. In addition a larger than normal proportion of high-amplitude MEPPs appeared, described as "giants." This enhancement by tetrandrine of spontaneous ACh release also occurred in the presence of tetrodotoxin (1 microM). In elevated magnesium Krebs-Ringer solution the mean amplitude as well as the quantal content of endplate potentials was reduced simultaneously with the enhancement of spontaneous ACh release. Superfusion of muscles with emetine (20 microM), an alkaloid chemically of the same kind as tetrandrine, induced an enhancement of spontaneous ACh release as recorded by MEPPs qualitatively similar to that of tetrandrine. These results suggest that the isoquinolines tetrandrine and emetine similarly increased the spontaneous ACh release. This action of tetrandrine appeared to be presynaptic and was accompanied by a decrease of phasic ACh release.
|
['Acetylcholine', 'Action Potentials', 'Alkaloids', 'Animals', 'Benzylisoquinolines', 'Calcium', 'Emetine', 'Female', 'Ion Channels', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Mice', 'Motor Endplate', 'Neuromuscular Junction', 'Tetrodotoxin']
| 8,930,197
|
[['D02.092.211.111'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['D03.132'], ['B01.050'], ['D03.132.098', 'D03.633.100.531.085'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D03.132.316', 'D03.633.100.531.321'], ['D12.776.157.530.400', 'D12.776.543.550.450', 'D12.776.543.585.400'], ['D26.776.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A08.800.550.550.550.500', 'A08.850.550.550.500', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550.500'], ['A08.800.550.550.550', 'A08.850.550.550', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780.550.550'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Electron microscopic observation of synaptonemal complexes in spermatocytes of six species of fishes].
|
The synaptonemal complexes (SCs) in spermatocytes of six species of fishes were detected with a combination of surface spreading and silver staining technique and observed under both light and electron microscopes. These fishes are Tilapia nilotica, T. mossambica and Mastacembelus sinensis of Perciformes. Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis, Pseudorasbora parva and Hemibarbus maculatus of Gobioninae in Cypriniformes. The formation of SCs started in Zygotene and completed at Pachytene. During the pachytene, each SC was morphologically intact, preferentially stained and attached to the nuclear envelope by a dense terminal plaque. Interlock in SCs frequently occurred in Zygotene. In several cases breakage and disentangling of interlocked lateral elements were observed. SCs disappeared in diplotene. The pairing of the SCs started at telomeres and stretched towards kinetochore. The sex determination of Mastacembelus sinensis was xx/xy. The X and Y chromosomal SCs' axes had a distinctive morphology at pachytene and were clearly distinguishable from autosomal SCs. The X and Y chromosomes begain to pair at early pachytene. The X and Y chromosome axes paired to form a length of SC that is somewhat longer than the unpaired portion at the mid-pachytene. There was a dense substance at unpaired portion. Quantitatine evaluation demonstrated that relative length and arm ratio were distinctive characteristics for each autosomal SC. The consistency of relative length and arm ratio indicates the stability of the techniques. The idiograms of SC karyotypes of three species (Tilapia niloticus, T. mossambicus and Mastacembelus sinensis) have been constructed.
|
['Animals', 'Fishes', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Sex Differentiation', 'Spermatocytes', 'Synaptonemal Complex']
| 1,781,999
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.843', 'G07.345.750.500', 'G08.686.841.500'], ['A05.360.490.890.880', 'A11.497.760.700'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.830', 'G04.144.220.220.687.883.250.500', 'G04.144.220.220.781.906.250.500', 'G05.113.220.687.883.250.500', 'G05.113.220.781.906.250.500', 'G05.360.160.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Ultrastructure of blast cells in patients with myeloblastic, monoblastic and myelomonoblastic leukemia].
|
Electron microscopy was applied to study and compare blast cells in 7 patients with acute myeloblastic, 4 with acute monoblastic and 11 patients with acute myelomonoblastic leukemias. Three morphological types of blast cells are described for acute myeloblastic leukemia and 2 types of blast cells for acute monoblastic leukemia. In acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, no specific cells characteristic but for this disease pattern were detected while the main tumor substrate included the different types of blast cells described for acute myeloblastic and monoblastic leukemias. A patients also manifests the predominance of the same type of blast cells, with no combination of different types. Ultrastructure of blast cells in acute non-lymphoblastic leukemias and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
|
['Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute', 'Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Monocytes']
| 3,860,997
|
[['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.484'], ['C04.557.337.539.275'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The discovery and optimization of benzimidazoles as selective NaV
|
The voltage gated sodium channel NaV1.8 has been postulated to play a key role in the transmission of pain signals. Core hopping from our previously reported phenylimidazole leads has allowed the identification of a novel series of benzimidazole NaV1.8 blockers. Subsequent optimization allowed the identification of compound 9, PF-06305591, as a potent, highly selective blocker with an excellent preclinical in vitro ADME and safety profile.
|
['Benzimidazoles', 'Drug Design', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Molecular Structure', 'NAV1.8 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel', 'Solubility', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers']
| 30,538,065
|
[['D03.633.100.103'], ['E05.290.500', 'H01.158.703.007.338.500', 'H01.181.466.338.500'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.875.750.800', 'D12.776.543.550.450.875.750.800', 'D12.776.543.585.400.875.750.800', 'D12.776.631.960.800'], ['G02.805'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['D27.505.519.562.750.500', 'D27.505.954.411.720.500']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early results of continuous passive motion after rotator cuff repair: a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study.
|
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on rotator cuff repair (RCR).METHODS: A prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study was performed on all patients undergoing primary RCR between December 1992 and January 1994. A preoperative "shoulder score" was calculated for each patient based on four scales: function (50%), pain (20%), muscle strength (15%), and range-of-motion (ROM) (15%). A standard questionnaire and single blinded physical therapist were employed. At the time of operation, patients were randomized into the control group (postoperative physical therapy [PT]) or the study group (PT plus CPM). Postoperative shoulder scores were then calculated by repeat questionnaires and physical examinations at 3-month follow-up.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients (12 control, 14 study; 24/26 tears were full thickness) underwent RCR and completed 3-month follow-up. Both groups had similar age and sex distributions; the study group had larger tears than the control group. All patients underwent RCR and subacromial decompression. No statistically significant difference in shoulder score increases was seen between the two groups at follow-up. A statistically significant (P = 0.0138) increase in ROM subscore was seen in the study group. Other subscores showing improvement with CPM included pain relief in female patients (P = 0.0185), and pain relief in patients > or = 60 years of age (P = 0.0364).CONCLUSIONS: CPM has no effect on overall shoulder score at 3-month follow-up. CPM has a beneficial effect on ROM for all patients, as well as on pain relief in female patients and patients > or = 60 years of age.
|
['Activities of Daily Living', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motion Therapy, Continuous Passive', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rotator Cuff', 'Rotator Cuff Injuries', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Tendon Injuries', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 8,775,698
|
[['E02.760.169.063.500.067', 'E02.831.067', 'I03.050', 'N02.421.784.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.760.169.063.500.387.500', 'E02.779.483.500', 'E02.779.867.761', 'E02.831.535.483.500', 'E02.831.535.867.761'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A02.633.567.912', 'A02.880.700'], ['C26.761.340', 'C26.803.063', 'C26.874.400'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['C26.874'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Barriers to electronic cigarette use.
|
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies suggest that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be a better alternative to traditional smoking cessation therapies for cigarette smokers. This study explores the barriers traditional smokers face when switching to e-cigarettes.DESIGN AND SAMPLE: A convenience sample of adult male and female tobacco and/or e-cigarette smokers (n = 446) were recruited through an online survey.MEASUREMENTS: The survey included questions used to determine the barriers a smoker may experience in regards to their use of e-cigarettes, as well as the characteristics regarding their use of tobacco and/or e-cigarettes.RESULTS: The majority (74%) of tobacco smokers who tried e-cigarettes did not perceive e-cigarettes to be an effective replacement for tobacco cigarettes, and 69% indicated the initial cost and health concerns as reasons to not continue using e-cigarettes. Both current e-cigarette users and those who discontinued use of e-cigarettes noted health or lack of information on side effects as a concern. The majority of e-cigarette users indicated that it took more than a week to settle on a proper dose. We found that for each additional cigarette smoked per day individuals were 4.0% (p = .001) more likely to use e-cigarettes.CONCLUSION: This exploratory study informs future cessation trials involving e-cigarettes about the barriers users face. Given that individuals who smoke a greater number of tobacco cigarettes are more likely to try e-cigarettes, greater attention to nicotine dosing is necessary.
|
['Adult', 'Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tobacco Products', 'Young Adult']
| 29,984,426
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['J01.637.767.500'], ['F01.145.488'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F01.145.488.732'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['J01.637.767.844'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Timing of colonic necrosis in hemolytic uremic syndrome.
|
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) consists of an acute onset of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal dysfunction. HUS-associated colitis can be seen in up to 100% of patients and is usually associated with severe abdominal pain and distention. Colonic perforation is a complication of HUS that has a reported incidence of 1%-2%, and although there are several case reports in the literature describing perforation of the colon, it is still very difficult to discern the abdominal symptoms associated with HUS colitis from perforation. Four cases of colonic perforation are reported here from a consecutive series of 57 patients, in which a trend in the length of time from the onset of symptoms of HUS to colonic perforation was determined. A review of the literature for cases of HUS-associated colonic perforation was also performed. The time from the onset of HUS symptoms to colonic perforation in our series was similar to that found in the literature review (11 +/- 5 vs 14 +/- 8 days). Awareness that this complication has a tendency to occur towards the end of the 2nd week during the course of HUS is essential to avoid an unnecessary and untimely surgical intervention.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colon', 'Colonic Diseases', 'Female', 'Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Intestinal Perforation', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 9,553,186
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['A03.556.124.526.356', 'A03.556.249.249.356'], ['C06.405.469.158'], ['C12.777.419.936.463', 'C13.351.968.419.936.463', 'C15.378.071.141.610', 'C15.378.140.855.925.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C06.405.469.557'], ['C23.550.717'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
A study of the efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
|
The objective of this early phase III study was to determine the efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) in patients presenting in acute urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Between September 1993 and August 1994, 20 patients of mean age 68.8 years were entered into a two-center study and treated with TUNA after presenting in acute urinary retention and having failed at least one trial of voiding. A mean of 5.4 lesions at shield temperatures of 54.6 degrees C were produced. Patients were reviewed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (mean, 6.2 months). In 17 of 20 patients, voiding was reestablished in a mean of 2.6 days. Three patients required TURP for persistent retention, and 2 patients had delayed TURP for bothersome symptoms. Two voiders died later of unrelated causes. Five patients were lost to follow-up at 6 months but were voiding when last reviewed. Symptom scores decreased from a mean of 19.0 (range 4-35) to 8.25 (range 1-20) at 12 months (p = 0.06). Mean peak flow rate was 11.4 ml/sec (range 6.6-16.8) at 12 months (p = 0.001). Mean prostatic volume at baseline was 65.8 cc and decreased to 56 cc at 12 months (p = 0.111). The treatment was well tolerated by all patients, and side effects were mild, including urinary tract infection and epididymo-orchitis. This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of TUNA procedure in patients with urinary retention due to benign prostatic hypertrophy.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystoscopy', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Needles', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography', 'Urethra', 'Urethral Obstruction', 'Urinary Retention']
| 8,916,114
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E01.370.388.250.180', 'E01.370.390.175', 'E04.502.250.180', 'E04.950.774.155'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E07.612'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['A05.360.444.492.726', 'A05.810.876'], ['C12.777.767.700', 'C13.351.968.767.700'], ['C12.777.934.880', 'C13.351.968.934.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Immediate loading of implants placed in fresh extraction sockets in the molar area with flapless and graftless procedures: a case series.
|
The purpose of this study was to present a protocol for the replacement of single teeth lost in the molar area with immediate implantation in fresh extraction sockets, no flap reflections or grafting procedures, and immediate loading. Twenty-three implants were placed in 20 patients between 2000 and 2006. No implants were lost and no signs of significant bone resorption, loss of osseointegration, or soft tissue complications were reported. The results of this study indicate that this protocol may be a feasible alternative for the replacement of condemned molars.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Crowns', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants, Single-Tooth', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Dental Restoration, Temporary', 'Dental Stress Analysis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Anatomic', 'Molar', 'Time Factors', 'Tooth Extraction', 'Tooth Socket', 'Torque', 'Young Adult']
| 20,386,786
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['E06.780.346.593.185', 'E07.695.185.185'], ['E06.780.346.706', 'E07.695.190.185'], ['E06.323.528', 'E06.780.346.740', 'E07.695.190.192'], ['E06.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.897.280.500.545.129', 'L01.178.820.090.545.129'], ['A14.549.167.860.525'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E04.545.700', 'E06.645.700'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125.800', 'A14.521.125.800', 'A14.549.167.646.094.800'], ['G01.374.860.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation of transglutaminase-reactive sequences from complex biological systems: a prominent lysine donor sequence in bovine lens.
|
The transglutaminase (protein-glutamine: amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13)-catalyzed cross-linking of proteins in biological systems can often be inhibited by inclusion of small primary amines or glutamine-containing peptides, which act as site-specific blockers of the relevant acceptor (i.e., glutamine) and donor (i.e., lysine) functionalities of the natural substrates. Compounds such as dansylcadaverine and dansyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl-Gln-Gln-Ile-Val are particularly useful in sorting out acceptor-donor relationships among lens crystallins. Apart from its fluorescent properties, the dansyl hapten offered special advantages as a "handle" for the rapid isolation of transglutaminase targets even in the complex system of lens cortical homogenate. The dansylated peptide was incorporated into bovine lens proteins under the influence of the Ca(2+)-activated intrinsic transglutaminase and, after digestion by endoproteinase Glu-C, the tracer-containing fragments were isolated by affinity chromatography on an anti-dansyl antibody column. The major fluorescent peak was isolated by HPLC and sequenced by Edman degradation, which yielded phenylthiohydantoin amino acid derivatives for the first 10 cycles, EKPAVTAAPK, and none for the next 2. The sequence, corresponding to residues 165-174 of alpha B-crystallin, unambiguously identifies the known carboxyl-terminal domain, EK-PAVTAAPKK, as the prominent lysine-donating fragment in bovine lens.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cadaverine', 'Cattle', 'Crystallins', 'Dansyl Compounds', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Lysine', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Weight', 'Oligopeptides', 'Transglutaminases']
| 1,360,664
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.092.211.415.261', 'D02.092.782.258.174'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D12.776.306.366'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.204', 'D02.886.590.192', 'D04.615.638.204'], ['A09.371.060.500'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.644.456'], ['D08.811.913.050.200.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Texture analysis of poly-adenylated mRNA staining following global brain ischemia and reperfusion.
|
Texture analysis provides a means to quantify complex changes in microscope images. We previously showed that cytoplasmic poly-adenylated mRNAs form mRNA granules in post-ischemic neurons and that these granules correlated with protein synthesis inhibition and hence cell death. Here we utilized the texture analysis software MaZda to quantify mRNA granules in photomicrographs of the pyramidal cell layer of rat hippocampal region CA3 around 1h of reperfusion after 10min of normothermic global cerebral ischemia. At 1h reperfusion, we observed variations in the texture of mRNA granules amongst samples that were readily quantified by texture analysis. Individual sample variation was consistent with the interpretation that animal-to-animal variations in mRNA granules reflected the time-course of mRNA granule formation. We also used texture analysis to quantify the effect of cycloheximide, given either before or after brain ischemia, on mRNA granules. If administered before ischemia, cycloheximide inhibited mRNA granule formation, but if administered after ischemia did not prevent mRNA granulation, indicating mRNA granule formation is dependent on dissociation of polysomes. We conclude that texture analysis is an effective means for quantifying the complex morphological changes induced in neurons by brain ischemia and reperfusion.
|
['Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cell Death', 'Male', 'Poly A', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Long-Evans', 'Reperfusion', 'Software', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 21,477,879
|
[['B01.050'], ['C10.228.140.300.150', 'C14.907.253.092'], ['G04.146'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.500'], ['E04.100.700', 'E05.680.730'], ['L01.224.900'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Workflow for a Computational Analysis of an sRNA Candidate in Bacteria.
|
Computational methods can often facilitate the functional characterization of individual sRNAs and furthermore allow high-throughput analysis on large numbers of sRNA candidates. This chapter outlines a potential workflow for computational sRNA analyses and describes in detail methods for homolog detection, target prediction, and functional characterization based on enrichment analysis. The cyanobacterial sRNA IsaR1 is used as a specific example. All methods are available as webservers and easily accessible for nonexpert users.
|
['Computational Biology', 'Cyanobacteria', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Genomics', 'RNA, Bacterial', 'RNA, Small Untranslated', 'Workflow']
| 29,484,584
|
[['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B03.280', 'B03.440.475.100'], ['G05.360.340.358.207'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['D13.444.735.473'], ['D13.444.735.790.552'], ['L01.906.893']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Increased lipid peroxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity in the vitreous of patients suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
|
Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in vitreous of patients vitrectomized because of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were compared with LPO levels and MPO activity in vitreous of patients with no vitreoretinal proliferation. Both LPO levels and MPO activity were significantly elevated in the vitreous of patients with fibrovascular vitreoretinal proliferations secondary to diabetes. The TBA method produced higher values for LPO levels than did the HPLC method. The correlation between the two methods was 0.94. Our results suggest that both oxygen-free radicals and inflammation-related reactions can participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
|
['Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Eye Diseases', 'Humans', 'Lipid Peroxides', 'Peroxidase', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances', 'Vitreous Body']
| 8,258,399
|
[['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['C11'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.637', 'D01.339.431.374.637', 'D01.650.550.750.600', 'D02.389.338.450', 'D10.440'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['C11.768'], ['D02.047.700.700', 'D27.720.470.410.750'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activity of a sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor in spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells from cynomolgus monkeys and its localization after oocyte activation.
|
It is widely accepted that mature mammalian oocytes are induced to resume meiosis by a sperm-borne oocyte-activating factor(s) (sperm factor, SF) immediately after normal fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The SF is most likely a soluble factor that is localized within the cytoplasm of mature spermatozoa, but the exact stage at which it appears during spermatogenesis and its localization after oocyte activation is not fully understood, except in the mouse. First, we injected mature spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells from cynomolgus monkeys into mouse oocytes to assess their oocyte-activating capacity. More than 90% of mouse oocytes were activated after injection of monkey spermatozoa. Round spermatids and primary spermatocytes (late pachytene to diplotene) also activated oocytes (93% and 79%, respectively). Injection of monkey spermatozoa and spermatids induces intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in a pattern similar to that seen following normal fertilization. Most spermatocytes did not produce typical intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations. Second, we transferred pronuclei or cytoplasts from mouse oocytes that had been activated by monkey spermatozoa or spermatids into intact mature mouse oocytes by electrofusion in order to examine the localization of the SF after pronuclear formation. Some of the SF was localized within the pronuclei, but some stayed in the ooplasm. This study demonstrated that spermatogenic cells of cynomolgus monkeys acquire oocyte-activating capacity at much earlier stages than those of mice, and that the monkey SF has a pronucleus-directing nature, although to a lesser extent than the mouse SF.
|
['Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Female', 'Macaca fascicularis', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Oocytes', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Spermatids', 'Spermatozoa']
| 11,466,200
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E02.875.800.750.700', 'E05.820.800.750.700'], ['A05.360.490.890.860', 'A11.497.760.600'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The role of sexual arousal and sexual partner characteristics in HIV+ MSM's intentions to engage in unprotected sexual intercourse.
|
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of sexual arousal and sexual partner characteristics as determinants of HIV+ men who have sex with men's (MSM) intentions to engage in unprotected sex.DESIGN: In a computer-based controlled experiment, 67 HIV+ MSM underwent a sexual arousal manipulation and indicated their intentions to engage in unprotected sex with hypothetical partners who differed in terms of HIV serostatus, physical attractiveness, relationship type, and preference for condom use.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computer-delivered questions assessed HIV+ MSM's intentions to engage in various sexual acts with each hypothetical partner.RESULTS: As predicted, sexually aroused HIV+ MSM indicated stronger intentions to engage in unprotected sex than nonaroused HIV+ MSM; and having a partner who was attractive, HIV+, long term, or who preferred not to use condoms, also led to riskier intentions. Several significant interactions among these factors were found, which were generally consistent with predictions and with theory and research on cognitive processing and decision making.CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for understanding risky sexual behavior among HIV+ individuals and for the development of interventions to reduce this risk.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arousal', 'Canada', 'HIV Infections', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Partners', 'Unsafe Sex']
| 18,643,002
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F02.830.104', 'G11.561.035'], ['Z01.107.567.176'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.802'], ['M01.778'], ['F01.145.802.987']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
[Antibody dynamics of carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with Francisella tularensis].
|
The time course of antibody formation in carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with a single injection of F. tularensis has been experimentally studied in the agglutination test and the passive hemagglutination test. In carnivorous mammals the allergic transformation of the body has been established by means of the leukocytolysis test.
|
['Agglutination Tests', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Birds', 'Carnivora', 'Francisella tularensis', 'Hemagglutination Tests', 'Leukocytes', 'Time Factors', 'Tularemia']
| 6,741,361
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.050', 'E05.200.812.735.050', 'E05.478.594.760.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.107', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.125', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.125'], ['B01.050.150.900.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750'], ['B03.440.400.425.340.590', 'B03.660.250.200.750'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.050.375', 'E05.200.812.735.050.375', 'E05.478.594.760.050.375'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['G01.910.857'], ['C01.150.252.400.900', 'C01.920.930.943']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Autocatalytic activity of the tobacco etch virus NIa proteinase in viral and foreign protein sequences.
|
The small nuclear inclusion (NIa) protein of the tobacco etch virus (TEV) is synthesized initially as part of a genome-derived high M(r) precursor. The NIa protein releases itself from this genome-derived precursor by self-cleavage, or an autocatalytic processing event. Cleavage between specific glutamine-glycine dipeptides at the N and C termini generates the 430 amino acid or 49,000 M(r) (49K) NIa protein. The requirements of this autocatalytic release, or cis cleavage, were examined by constructing gene cassettes encoding the TEV NIa protein which could be ligated into particular locations in cDNA of the TEV genome and also into foreign gene DNA sequences. Using cell-free transcription and translation systems, polyproteins containing TEV NIa sequences were synthesized and assayed for (i) autocatalysis and (ii) the ability of a functional NIa proteinase, purified from plant tissue, to cleave in bimolecular or trans reactions various artificial polyproteins which contained an inactive form of the NIa proteinase. The NIa self-cleavage events required an active proteinase sequence and a consensus TEV cleavage site sequence at the N and C termini. These results were consistent for NIa protein sequences placed at a foreign TEV cleavage site or in unrelated proteins. Differences were noted in the trans cleavage of these sites.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Catalysis', 'Endopeptidases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Plant Viruses', 'Plants, Toxic', 'Proteins', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Tobacco', 'Viral Proteins']
| 1,634,873
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.130'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['B04.715'], ['B01.650.660'], ['D12.776'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
SGRL can regulate chlorophyll metabolism and contributes to normal plant growth and development in Pisum sativum L.
|
Among a set of genes in pea (Pisum sativum L.) that were induced under drought-stress growth conditions, one encoded a protein with significant similarity to a regulator of chlorophyll catabolism, SGR. This gene, SGRL, is distinct from SGR in genomic location, encoded carboxy-terminal motif, and expression through plant and seed development. Divergence of the two encoded proteins is associated with a loss of similarity in intron/exon gene structure. Transient expression of SGRL in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana promoted the degradation of chlorophyll, in a manner that was distinct from that shown by SGR. Removal of a predicted transmembrane domain from SGRL reduced its activity in transient expression assays, although variants with and without this domain reduced SGR-induced chlorophyll degradation, indicating that the effects of the two proteins are not additive. The combined data suggest that the function of SGRL during growth and development is in chlorophyll re-cycling, and its mode of action is distinct from that of SGR. Studies of pea sgrL mutants revealed that plants had significantly lower stature and yield, a likely consequence of reduced photosynthetic efficiencies in mutant compared with control plants under conditions of high light intensity.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Chlorophyll', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Peas', 'Photosynthesis', 'Phylogeny', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Tobacco']
| 26,346,777
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.374', 'D03.633.400.909.374', 'D04.345.783.374'], ['G05.308.310'], ['G05.308.375'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.393', 'G05.360.340.365.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.401.630'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A18.024.812'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B01.650.520', 'B05.620.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Docking studies of flavonoid compounds as inhibitors of â-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (Kas I) of Escherichia coli.
|
Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of many common bacterial infections, including cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), traveler's diarrhea and other clinical infections such as neonatal meningitis and pneumonia. The fatty acid biosynthesis is essential for the bacterial viability and growth. There are three types of â-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) which are important for overcoming the bacterial resistance problem. â-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (KAS I) is member of the condensing enzyme family, which is a key catalyst in bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, and thus an attractive target for novel antibioticsis related to the elongation of unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial fatty acid synthesis and can be a good therapeutic target of designing novel antibiotics. In this report, we performed docking study of E. coli (KAS I) and 50 flavonoids. Out of these 50 flavonoids, there are two compounds, genistein and isorhamnetin, that showed the superior binding energy while fully satisfying the conditions of drug likeliness. The predicted binding energy of genistein and isorhamnetin toward KAS I are -135.76kcal/mol and -132.42kcal/mol, respectively. These energies favorably compare to the biding energy of known drugs thiolactomicin and cerulenin that are -90.26kcal/mol and -99.64kcal/mol, respectively. The method used was docking with the selected E. coli (KAS I-PDB ID-1FJ4) using iGemdock. This was also found to obey the Lipinski's guidelines of five and to show the drug likeliness and bioavailability.
|
['3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase', 'Amino Acid Motifs', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cerulenin', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Genistein', 'High-Throughput Screening Assays', 'Isoenzymes', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Structure, Secondary', 'Protein Structure, Tertiary', 'Quercetin', 'Structure-Activity Relationship', 'Thermodynamics', 'Thiophenes', 'User-Computer Interface']
| 26,292,066
|
[['D08.811.913.050.622'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.275.500', 'G02.111.570.820.709.600.500'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D02.065.327'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['E05.916.680'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.600'], ['G02.111.570.820.709.610'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.284.777', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.284.777'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997'], ['G01.906'], ['D02.886.778', 'D03.383.903'], ['L01.224.900.910']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Short-Lived Radical Intermediates in the Photochemistry of Glucose Oxidase.
|
Glucose oxidase is a flavoprotein that is relatively well-studied as a physico-chemical model system. The flavin cofactor is surrounded by several aromatic acid residues that can act as direct and indirect electron donors to photoexcited flavin. Yet, the identity of the photochemical product states is not well established. We present a detailed full spectral reinvestigation of this issue using femtosecond fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. Based on a recent characterization of the unstable tyrosine cation radical TyrOH•+ , we now propose that the primary photoproduct involves this species, which was previously not considered. Formation of this product is followed by competing charge recombination and radical pair stabilization reactions that involve proton transfer and radical transfer to tryptophan. A minimal kinetic model is proposed, including a fraction of TyrOH.+ that is stabilized up to the tens of picoseconds timescale, suggesting a potential role of this species as intermediate in biochemical electron transfer reactions.
|
['Aspergillus niger', 'Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide', 'Free Radicals', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Glucose Oxidase', 'Kinetics', 'Light', 'Photochemistry', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Tyrosine']
| 31,081,986
|
[['B01.300.381.081.450'], ['D03.633.100.733.315.650.249', 'D03.633.100.759.646.138.506', 'D03.633.300.507.650.249', 'D08.211.474.650.249', 'D13.695.667.138.506', 'D13.695.827.068.506', 'D23.767.405.650.249'], ['D01.339', 'D02.389'], ['D12.776.354'], ['D08.811.682.047.239'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['D12.125.072.050.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Basic investigation for classification of anticancer drugs by pharmacological effects].
|
The most effective drugs based on the type of cancer are chosen for chemotherapy. Tumor cells can be targeted at the DNA, RNA or protein level, and most of the classical anticancer drugs interact with tumor DNA in a time-dependent manner or a concentration-dependent manner. However, it has been unclear to date whether a combination therapy is carried out by using exact classification. Thus it is necessary to reclassify a great number of anticancer drugs. We propose a new classification system based on pharmacological effects of anticancer drugs. Classification of four anticancer drugs (cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel and gemcitabine) was performed by the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The four anticancer drugs were grouped by IC50 values (inhibitory concentration, 50%) in a time-dependent manner and a concentration-dependent manner. The present approach may be combined to enhance the chemosensitivity, improve the dose of cytotoxic drugs and evaluate the effects of novel anticancer drugs.
|
['Antineoplastic Agents', 'Carboplatin', 'Cell Survival', 'Cisplatin', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Paclitaxel', 'Time Factors', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 22,687,737
|
[['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.257.125'], ['G04.346'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['D03.383.742.680.245.500', 'D13.570.230.329', 'D13.570.685.245.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E01.370.225.500.388', 'E05.200.500.388', 'E05.242.417', 'E05.337.550.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['G01.910.857'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparative genomic hybridization reveals extensive variation among different MCF-7 cell stocks.
|
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) allows the detection of DNA sequence copy number changes on a genome-wide scale in a single hybridization reaction. The ability of CGH to be applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples has lead to its widespread application in the cytogenetic analysis of archival material. When setting up CGH in the laboratory, rigorous control experiments must be carried out to ensure that the losses and gains are scored correctly. Groups interested in breast cancer frequently use the MCF-7 cell line as a positive control in these experiments, comparing the results to previously described genetic alterations. Here we present the results of CGH carried out with three stocks of MCF-7 cells. The cells differ widely in their proliferative response to 17-beta estradiol and show extensive variation in copy number changes affecting specific chromosomal regions. We suggest that care must be taken, therefore, when choosing a cell line as a positive control for CGH experiments.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Estradiol', 'Humans', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 10,704,689
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
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A sublethal dose of the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid reduces sperm density in a songbird.
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Farmland bird species are particularly exposed to pesticides through various pathways. Among pesticides, neonicotinoids insecticides are commonly used in agriculture, but their influence on bird reproductive capacities is poorly understood. In this study, we experimentally tested the effects of the neonicotinoid acetamiprid on House sparrows' sperm quality and oxidative status following ingestion of a low and field-realistic dose of the compound. To do so, 56 males were captured, held and orally dosed seven times over 19 days of experiment with either a saline solution (control) or an acetamiprid-saline solution, and sperm samples were retrieved before and after the experiment. The overall dose given to the birds corresponded to 0.5% of the LD50 for the Zebra finch (5.7 mg/kg BW) spread into 7 separate doses and administered every three days over the entire duration of the study (ca. 0.07% LD50 per oral dose). Sperm mobility and sperm oxidative status were unaffected by the treatment, but sperm density was. Birds that received oral doses of acetamiprid suffered a significant decline in their sperm density compared to control birds. This result was confirmed by a significant decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD in the sperm of acetamiprid-dosed birds. These results provide the first evidence of sublethal toxicity of acetamiprid in a songbird and suggest that passerine birds' fertility may be negatively affected by very small doses of neonicotinoids in the wild.
|
['Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Insecticides', 'Male', 'Neonicotinoids', 'Songbirds', 'Sperm Count', 'Spermatozoa']
| 31,330,492
|
[['B01.050'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D03.383.464'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.870', 'E01.370.225.992.624', 'E05.200.500.195.870', 'E05.200.992.624', 'E05.242.195.870', 'G04.140.870'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Country- and age-specific optimal allocation of dengue vaccines.
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Several dengue vaccines are under development, and some are expected to become available imminently. Concomitant with the anticipated release of these vaccines, vaccine allocation strategies for dengue-endemic countries in Southeast Asia and Latin America are currently under development. We developed a model of dengue transmission that incorporates the age-specific distributions of dengue burden corresponding to those in Thailand and Brazil, respectively, to determine vaccine allocations that minimize the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever, taking into account limited availability of vaccine doses in the initial phase of production. We showed that optimal vaccine allocation strategies vary significantly with the demographic burden of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Consequently, the strategy that is optimal for one country may be sub-optimal for another country. More specifically, we showed that, during the first years following introduction of a dengue vaccine, it is optimal to target children for dengue mass vaccination in Thailand, whereas young adults should be targeted in Brazil.
|
['Adult', 'Aging', 'Asia, Southeastern', 'Dengue', 'Dengue Vaccines', 'Geography', 'Humans', 'Latin America', 'Mass Vaccination']
| 24,161,462
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.345.124'], ['Z01.252.145'], ['C01.920.500.270', 'C01.925.081.270', 'C01.925.782.350.250.214', 'C01.925.782.417.214'], ['D20.215.894.899.162'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.107.424'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.530.890.500', 'E05.478.550.600.890.500', 'N02.421.726.608.500', 'N02.421.726.758.310.890.500', 'N06.850.780.200.425.900.500', 'N06.850.780.680.310.890.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Prosecuting assaultive psychiatric patients.
|
For many reasons, inpatient psychiatric units are increasingly faced with treatment and management of violent individuals. This fosters a need to consider potential institutional responses to patient violence. This paper focuses on one response--prosecution of these persons. The existing literature on this topic is reviewed. In addition, the case history of a difficult but successful prosecution of an assaultive patient is presented. This case highlighted the development of guidelines, which are outlined herein, for determining the appropriateness of seeking legal action against patients. The paper concludes with an assessment of the benefits and risks associated with patient prosecution.
|
['Adult', 'Hospitals, Psychiatric', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Jurisprudence', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Violence']
| 1,629,687
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N02.278.421.556.508'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.643.470'], ['I01.880.604.583', 'N03.706.535'], ['F03'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Reactive gingival lesions: a retrospective study of 2,439 cases.
|
OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinicopathologic features of epulides in West China and to compare these data with those of previous studies from other countries.METHOD AND MATERIALS: Demographics; clinical data including gender, age, and chief complaints of the patients; and the type, size and location, duration, diagnosis, and histologic features of the lesion were studied from among biopsy specimens and clinical records at West China College of Stomatology from January 1951 to July 2005.RESULTS: A total of 2,439 epulides were identified. Epulides found were peripheral fibroma (PF: 1,489, 61.05%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF: 431, 17.67%), pyogenic granuloma (PG: 482, 19.76%), and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG: 37, 1.52%). The total ratio of males to females was 1:1.40. Specifically, the ratios were 1:1.31 for PF, 1:1.99 for PG, and 1:1.47 for PGCG (all P < .001). The peak incidence of epulides fell in the third to sixth decade of life overall, the fifth to sixth decade for PF and POF, and the third to fourth decade for PG.CONCLUSIONS: Among the 4 kinds of reactive lesions, PF had the highest incidence and PG had the lowest incidence in Chinese patients. There were also differences in type, sex, age, location, duration, and histologic features: PF was the most common type; all of the epulides except PGCG showed a predilection for females; PG was more prevalent among young patients; and POF lasted much longer than other lesions. Differences in the distribution of the 4 types of lesion were also found among various ethnic groups.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'China', 'Female', 'Fibroma, Ossifying', 'Gingival Diseases', 'Granuloma, Giant Cell', 'Granuloma, Pyogenic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sex Distribution']
| 17,263,149
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.400', 'C04.557.450.565.590.340.360'], ['C07.465.714.258'], ['C05.500.368', 'C07.320.391', 'C07.465.714.258.557', 'C23.550.382.468'], ['C23.550.382.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
British experience with duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for removal of bile duct stones.
|
Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is rapidly becoming popular in Britain. Representatives of 14 British centres met in January 1980 to discuss progress and problems with the technique. This report summarizes current experience, with particular reference to hazards. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is mainly being used in patients who have previously undergone cholecystectomy and who no longer have a T tube drain in place. Sphincterotomy was achieved in 87 per cent of 679 patients attempted, and the common duct was cleared of stones in 87 per cent of these. Immediate complications followed in 8.5 per cent; 1.6 per cent required urgent surgery and 7 patients (1 per cent) died. Centres with the greatest experience had better results and fewer complications. Those performing duodenoscopic sphincterotomy believe it to be a major advance in the management of high risk patients with common duct stones, after cholecystectomy. Its use remains controversial in high risk patients who still have gallbladders and in low risk patients after cholecystectomy; long term follow-up studies are essential.
|
['Aged', 'Ampulla of Vater', 'Cholecystectomy', 'Duodenoscopy', 'Gallstones', 'Humans', 'Methods', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Risk', 'Time Factors', 'United Kingdom']
| 7,237,062
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['A03.159.183.079.300.950', 'A03.556.124.684.124.236', 'A03.556.875.249.160', 'A03.734.667.500'], ['E04.210.120.172'], ['E01.370.372.250.250.225', 'E01.370.388.250.250.250.200', 'E04.210.240.250.200', 'E04.502.250.250.250.200'], ['C06.130.409.633', 'C06.130.564.332.500', 'C23.300.175.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.581'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['G01.910.857'], ['Z01.542.363']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Glutamine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.
|
OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that glutamine (GLN) can attenuate acute lung injury after sepsis. GLN is also thought to be a precursor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Using the GSH synthesis blocker, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), we investigated the role of GSH synthesis in the protective effect of GLN on acute lung injury.METHODS: In this study, we used an acute lung injury model induced by intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (1 mg mL(-1) kg(-1)). GLN (0.75 g/kg, intravenous) and BSO (2 mmol/kg, intraperitoneal) were administrated simultaneously. At 2 and 18 h after the injections, the rats were sacrificed by right ventricular puncture and bronchoalveolar lavage was done. The lower right lung was excised for histologic examination. Total protein concentration and total cell and neutrophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. CD11b expression in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. We also analyzed myeloperoxidase activity, and GSH and interleukin-8 levels in lung tissues.RESULTS: GLN supplementation reduced the total protein concentration and total cell and neutrophils counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after lipopolysaccharide challenge. GLN enhanced GSH synthesis and attenuated interleukin-8 release and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues. GLN also decreased CD11b expression in blood neutrophils and prevented lung histologic changes. BSO abolished the effects of GLN and attenuated its protection on acute lung injury.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that GLN could prevent neutrophil recruitment and infiltration, protect the alveolar barrier, and attenuate inflammatory injury during sepsis. This effect may be related to enhanced GSH synthesis.
|
['Acute Lung Injury', 'Animals', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Buthionine Sulfoximine', 'CD11b Antigen', 'CD18 Antigens', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glutamine', 'Glutathione', 'Inflammation', 'Interleukin-8', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidase', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 19,286,350
|
[['C08.381.520.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.927.100'], ['E05.927.100.500'], ['D02.886.030.676.620.125', 'D12.125.166.676.620.125'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.074.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.093.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.150', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.062', 'D23.050.301.350.074.049'], ['D12.776.395.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.550.200.275.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.200.249', 'D12.776.543.750.705.408.600.100.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.833.249.750', 'D23.050.301.264.894.118', 'D23.050.301.350.275.750', 'D23.101.100.894.118'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.125.068.330', 'D12.125.095.461', 'D12.125.154.424'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.120.800', 'D12.644.276.374.465.312', 'D12.776.467.374.200.120.800', 'D12.776.467.374.465.246', 'D23.125.300.120.800', 'D23.469.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.200.120.800', 'D23.529.374.465.312'], ['D09.400.500', 'D09.698.718.450', 'D10.494', 'D23.050.161.616.525', 'D23.946.123.329.500'], ['A04.411'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.732.700'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Injury rates in professional soccer players during Ramadan.
|
Many of the socio-cultural lifestyle and dietary changes that take place during Ramadan may affect the risk of injury in athletes, but little evidence is available. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects over two consecutive years of the holy month of Ramadan on injury rates in 42 professional players of a Tunisian top-level professional soccer team. Players were retrospectively organized into fasting and non-fasting groups and monitored for 3 months: 4 weeks before Ramadan, during the month of Ramadan (4 weeks), and 4 weeks after Ramadan each year. During Ramadan, training started at 22.00 h. The circumstances (training/match) and mechanism of injury (traumatic/overuse) were recorded. No significant differences between the three periods were observed for weekly mean training load, training strain, training duration, and Hooper's Index (quality of sleep, and quantities of stress, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and fatigue). Compared with non-fasting players, fasters had a lower (P < 0.05) Hooper's Index and stress during and after Ramadan. No significant difference in injury rates was observed between fasting and non-fasting players. Nevertheless, the rates of non-contact (6.8 vs. 0.6 and 1.1) and training overuse (5.6 vs. 0.6 and 0.5) injuries were significantly higher in fasting players during the month of Ramadan than before or after Ramadan. In conclusion, Ramadan, along with the corresponding changes in nutritional habits, sleeping schedule, and socio-cultural and religious events, significantly increased overuse and non-contact injuries in fasting players despite the fact that the training load, strain, and duration were maintained.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Athletic Injuries', 'Cumulative Trauma Disorders', 'Energy Intake', 'Exercise', 'Fasting', 'Fatigue', 'Humans', 'Islam', 'Musculoskeletal Pain', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Prevalence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sleep', 'Soccer', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Tunisia', 'Young Adult']
| 22,697,802
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C26.115'], ['C26.844.150'], ['G07.203.650.240.340'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['F01.145.407.400', 'G07.203.650.240.587', 'G07.203.650.353.400'], ['C23.888.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.844.275'], ['C05.651.538', 'C23.888.592.612.547', 'F02.830.816.353', 'G11.561.790.353'], ['I02.233.543'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['F02.830.855', 'G11.561.803'], ['I03.450.642.845.800'], ['G07.775'], ['Z01.058.266.887'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inherited sensorineural low-frequency hearing impairment: some aspects of phenotype and epidemiology.
|
This contribution forms part of the HEAR project. It describes some phenotypes of inherited low-frequency sensorineural hearing impairment (LFSHI) and estimates the prevalence of this inherited hearing impairment (HI) based on a clinical series. During a 10-year period (1987-1996), 418 subjects (134 males and 284 females), with a median age of 68 years (range 4-98), had been examined with LFSHI, defined as hearing loss most pronounced in the low frequencies (i.e., 250 and 500 Hz > 20 dB HL with better hearing, i.e., > or =15-dB difference at 1 and/or 2 and/or 4 kHz with an air-bone gap <15 dB for the average of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz). The 418 subjects comprising 0.6 per cent of the total number of subjects examined (N=69,309) were subdivided into four categories: category I positive genetic subjects (N=69); category II, probably genetic (N=339); category III, uncertain genetic (N=6); and category IV, subjects with contradictory audiological findings (N=4). The phenotype in category I demonstrated a symmetrical LFSHI, with a pattern of progression showing a slow deterioration in the high frequencies (i.e., 2, 4, and 8 kHz as a function of age)--the progression comprising 40-45 dB. In the low frequencies (i.e., 250, 500, and 1,000 Hz), a deterioration of 15-25 dB could be demonstrated from the youngest to the oldest age group. In category II, a symmetrical LFSHI was found in 179 subjects, showing the same pattern of progression as in category I. However, in the age group 20-39 years, a significantly poorer hearing was found in the low frequencies compared to category I, implying that several phenotypes may be present in LFSHI. A subgroup (A) in category II exhibited normal hearing in one ear with LFSHI in the opposite ear with the same pattern of progression as in category I. Three other subgroups with LFSHI and flat/sloping audiogram in the opposite ear and asymmetrical LFSHI also showed the same type of progression in the ear with LFSHI as in category I. A prevalence of 0.18/1,000 (95 per cent CI 0.13-0.22) of LFSHI was estimated based on the background population with a fairly constant prevalence throughout life. It is concluded that inherited nonsyndromal LFSHI is a rare disease and that the many different phenotypes of LFSHI probably are associated with pronounced genetic heterogeneity.
|
['Acoustic Impedance Tests', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Bone Conduction', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Hearing Loss, Sensorineural', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reflex', 'Stapedius']
| 10,749,071
|
[['E01.370.382.375.050'], ['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.463.593.071.173', 'F02.463.593.710.190', 'G07.888.125.173'], ['F02.830.816.263.500', 'G07.888.500.500', 'G11.561.790.263.398'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C09.218.458.341.887', 'C10.597.751.418.341.887', 'C23.888.592.763.393.341.887'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['A02.633.567.950', 'A09.246.397.727']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Two species of chromatin-RNA polymerase II complex are commonly present in nuclei of various tissues of rats.
|
When rat liver nuclei were digested with nuclease, we found that the chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II was liberated as two distinct complexes, peak 1 and peak 2, which seemed to reflect different functional states in cell nuclei. We further examined their occurrence in nuclear digests of various tissues of rats and the following results were obtained. Upon digestion with micrococcal nuclease of nuclei from brain, spleen, testis and kidney, chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II was liberated as two distinct forms which sedimented differently in a sucrose density gradient. The sedimentation rate of peak 1 varied depending on the tissue nuclei examined. After high salt or RNase treatment of the nuclear digests, peak 1 from liver, brain, spleen and testis nuclei showed the same sedimentation rate as did kidney peak 1, the rate for which remained unchanged by these treatments. The results suggested that peak 1 complexes from various tissue nuclei had basically the same structural organization, and we confirmed this by electrophoretic studies on RNase-treated liver and kidney nuclear digests. Peak 2 from various tissue nuclei exhibited identical sedimentation rates. Thus, the chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II seems to exist commonly in two distinct states in cell nuclei of rats.
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Chromatin', 'Electrophoresis', 'Kidney', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'Rats', 'Spleen', 'Testis']
| 6,526,808
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.284.430.106.279.345.190.160.180', 'D12.776.664.224', 'G05.360.160.180'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['A05.810.453'], ['A03.620'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A05.360.444.849', 'A05.360.576.782', 'A06.300.312.782']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Total quality management in accredited New South Wales hospitals: a public/private comparison.
|
Analysis of data collected in a 1994-95 survey of accredited New South Wales hospitals examined the adoption of key elements of total quality management practice in the public and private sectors. In a number of areas of practice widely considered to be central to a hospital's total quality management efforts, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sectors. Where differences existed, total quality management practices more likely to be adopted by public hospitals were limited in their scope and likely to be explained by structural peculiarities. In contrast, private hospitals were more likely to adopt practices more critical to the successful implementation of total quality management.
|
['Accreditation', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Hospitals, Private', 'Hospitals, Public', 'Humans', 'New South Wales', 'Organizational Policy', 'Total Quality Management']
| 10,178,130
|
[['N03.706.110.070', 'N05.700.200.100'], ['E05.318.308.980.344', 'N03.349.380.210', 'N05.425.210', 'N05.715.360.300.800.344', 'N06.850.520.308.980.344'], ['N02.278.421.481'], ['N02.278.421.510'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.100.750', 'Z01.678.100.373.750'], ['I01.655.500.550', 'I01.880.604.825.550', 'N03.623.500.550'], ['N04.452.955', 'N04.761.700.675', 'N05.700.792']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The hormonal response of patients with polycystic ovarian disease to subcutaneous low frequency pulsatile administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.
|
Four patients with oligoamenorrhea manifesting hormonal and clinical features of polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) were selected for treatment. All patients had high luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and a basal LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio of greater than 3. Three of them had high androgen levels with normal adrenal cortical function. The four patients were treated for 12 cycles by pulsatile LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) subcutaneously. Frequency of pulses varied between once in every 120 to once in every 400 minutes in consecutive cycles, in an attempt to reverse LH/FSH ratio. The dose of LH-RH varied between 20 and 40 micrograms/pulse. Treatment was monitored hormonally by the determinations of LH, FSH, 17 beta-estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, testosterone (T) (total and free), androstenedione (delta 4A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) every 2 days. The most striking change was the lowering of the LH/FSH ratio to the normal range, due to LH decrease and FSH increase with a pulse frequency of 180 to 240 minutes. DHEA-S levels reversed to normal in two patients and were reduced in one patient. T and delta 4A levels returned to normal with elevation to normal of SHBG. These hormonal improvements did not result in ovulation as expected (2 of 12 cycles). It may be assumed that either subcutaneous administration is inadequate in PCOD patients or that the frequency of pulses needed to correct the hormonal disturbances in PCOD patients differs from that needed for ovum maturation and ovulation.
|
['Adult', 'Androgens', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone', 'Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Humans', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin']
| 2,943,606
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.161'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400', 'D06.472.040.502.400', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952'], ['D04.210.500.054.079.429.625.300', 'D04.210.500.578.502.400.300', 'D06.472.040.502.400.300', 'D06.472.334.851.968.952.300'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.288', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.288', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.288'], ['D06.472.699.327.740.320', 'D12.644.400.400.740.320', 'D12.644.456.460', 'D12.644.548.365.740.320', 'D12.776.631.650.405.740.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D06.472.699.322.576.463', 'D06.472.699.631.525.343.463', 'D12.644.548.691.525.343.463'], ['E02.875.800.984', 'E05.820.800.984'], ['C04.182.612.765', 'C13.351.500.056.630.580.765', 'C19.391.630.580.765'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.800', 'D12.776.157.762', 'D12.776.377.715.182.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Genomic Analysis of Shewanella
|
Shewanella sp. O23S is a dissimilatory arsenate reducing bacterial strain involved in arsenic transformations within the abandoned gold mine in Zloty Stok (SW Poland). Previous physiological studies revealed that O23S may not only release arsenic from minerals, but also facilitate its immobilization through co-precipitation with reduced sulfur species. Given these uncommon, complementary characteristics and the application potential of the strain in arsenic-removal technologies, its genome (~5.3 Mbp), consisting of a single chromosome, two large plasmids (pSheA and pSheB) and three small plasmid-like phages (pSheC-E) was sequenced and annotated. Genes encoding putative proteins involved in heavy metal transformations, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic traits were identified. An in-depth comparative analysis of arsenic respiration (arr) and resistance (ars) genes and their genetic context was also performed, revealing that pSheB carries the only copy of the arr genes, and a complete ars operon. The plasmid pSheB is therefore a unique natural vector of these genes, providing the host cells arsenic respiration and resistance abilities. The functionality of the identified genes was determined based on the results of the previous and additional physiological studies, including: the assessment of heavy metal and antibiotic resistance under various conditions, adhesion-biofilm formation assay and BiologTM metabolic preferences test. This combined genetic and physiological approach shed a new light on the capabilities of O23S and their molecular basis, and helped to confirm the biosafety of the strain in relation to its application in bioremediation technologies.
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Arsenates', 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Biofilms', 'Chromosomes, Bacterial', 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'Drug Resistance, Microbial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genomics', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Phylogeny', 'Physical Chromosome Mapping', 'Plasmids', 'Shewanella']
| 30,813,619
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D01.075.025', 'D01.248.497.158.050'], ['G06.099.050'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['A11.284.187.190', 'A20.812', 'G05.360.162.190'], ['D13.444.308.520', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.080.708.330.200', 'G05.360.340.024.425.200'], ['G06.225', 'G07.690.773.984.269'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.249', 'G05.360.340.358.024.249', 'G05.360.340.358.207.249'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['E05.393.183.620'], ['G05.360.600'], ['B03.440.450.690', 'B03.660.250.021.755']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Perceived health in 50-year-old women and men and the correlation with risk factors, diseases, and symptoms.
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BACKGROUND: Population-based study of a random sample of 50-year-old men and women in Gothenburg, Sweden.OBJECTIVE: To examine the determinants of perceived health and the differences between 50-year-old men and women.METHODS: Men and women born in 1953 were examined between 2003 and 2004. Participation rate was 60% among the men and 67% among the women. Questionnaires were used, including one on perceived health that was ranked on a 7-point scale from 1 (excellent) to 7 (very poor). The participants' medical histories were obtained through a questionnaire, and risk factors were measured.RESULTS: Women generally perceived their health as poorer than men. Women experienced more symptoms than men, and most symptoms were more prevalent among women than men. Poor perceived health was strongly related to number of symptoms. In multivariable analyses 5 factors were related to perceived health in both men and women: working full or part time (women OR [odds ratio] = 0.3, men OR = 0.3) and physical activity (women OR = 0.6, men OR = 0.6) had a positive effect, whereas a low level of social activities (women OR = 1.9, men OR = 1.7), still feeling tired after normal hours of sleep (women OR = 4.5, men OR = 4.0), and feeling burned out during the past 12 months (women OR = 2.3, men OR = 3.0) had a negative effect on perceived health.CONCLUSIONS: Women perceive their health as "worse" in comparison with men. Perceived health is a multifaceted condition related to social circumstances, physical activity, various symptoms, and tiredness after normal hours of sleep both in women and men.
|
['Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Chronic Disease', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Activity', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Self Concept', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']
| 21,536,232
|
[['C14'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.542.816.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A guide for mental health clinicians to develop and undertake benchmarking activities.
|
There is a growing expectation for staff to participate in benchmarking activities. If benchmarking projects are to be successful, managers and clinicians need to be aware of the steps involved. In this article, we identify key aspects of benchmarking and consider how clinicians and managers can respond to and meet contemporary requirements for the development of sound benchmarking relationships. Practicalities and issues that must be considered by benchmarking teams are also outlined. Before commencing a benchmarking project, ground rules and benchmarking agreements must be developed and ratified. An understandable benchmarking framework is required: one that is sufficiently robust for clinicians to engage in benchmarking activities and convince others that benchmarking has taken place. There is a need to build the capacity of clinicians in relation to benchmarking.
|
['Benchmarking', 'Humans', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Mental Health Services', 'Nurse Clinicians', 'Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care', 'Program Development', 'United States']
| 20,367,651
|
[['N04.452.500.150', 'N04.761.685.150', 'N04.761.700.150', 'N05.700.150', 'N05.715.360.650.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.526.485.650.648.525', 'N02.360.650.648.525'], ['N04.761.559', 'N05.715.360.575'], ['N04.452.760'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Toll-like receptor 2 mediates the induction of IL-10 in corneal fibroblasts in response to Fusarium solu.
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that detect microbial infection and trigger antimicrobial host responses. To determine the role of TLR2 in the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in corneal fibroblasts challenged by fungi, we used siRNA specific for TLR2 to knockdown TLR2 expression in telomerase-immortalized human stroma fibroblasts (THSF). TLR2 expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and western blotting analyses, and we found that THSF transfected with TLR2-siRNA plasmid exhibited a reduced level of TLR2 when compared with the control cells transfected with empty plasmid. Then the transfected and control cells were stimulated by hyphae or conidia of Fusarium solu and mRNA levels of IL-1beta and IL-10 were measured by real-time RT-PCR. We observed that stimulation of control cells with F. solu resulted in elevation of IL-1beta and IL-10 mRNA with hyphae being more stimulatory than conidia. In contrast, F. solu-stimulated IL-10 production by transfected THSF was severely impaired (with a decrease of approximately 82% in hyphae and 70% in conidia stimulation), while IL-1beta production was partially inhibited (with a reduction of 60 and 54% in hyphae and conidia stimulations). Our results suggested that TLR2 is a major pattern recognition receptor able to detect F. solu in vitro and may play the anti-inflammatory role through the induction of IL-10. This may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cornea fungal infections and immune evading.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Cornea', 'Eye Infections, Fungal', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fusarium', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2']
| 18,195,725
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['C01.150.703.320', 'C01.375.450', 'C11.294.450'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.300.381.366'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.510', 'D12.776.467.374.465.510', 'D23.529.374.465.510'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Effects of artificial atmospheric ionization on thyroid gland in albino rat (author's transl)].
|
Artificial atmospheric ionization acts on rat thyroid gland, but results are depending on treatment polarity: After negative aero-ionization, thyroid gland shows signs of high activity (increased area of follicular epithelium, increased volume of epithelial cell nucleus, and resorption of follicular colloidal material). On the contrary, after positive aero-ionization, hypothyroidism symptoms may be observed, however these signs are less distinct and less homogeneous than signs of activity reported after negative treatment. The simultaneous modifications of serotonemia would be able to partially explain these results.
|
['Animals', 'Atmosphere', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Colloids', 'Ions', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Thyroid Gland']
| 1,217,867
|
[['B01.050'], ['G16.500.275.063', 'N06.230.300.100'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D01.248.497'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['A06.300.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important and potentially life-threatening complication in humans that arises subsequent to a variety of primary insults including noxious fume inhalation, infection, and trauma. Here we describe the first two cases of ARDS reported in association with postoperative complications in rhesus macaques. In agreement with the multifactorial nature of the human syndrome, ARDS in one monkey was attributed to sepsis, whereas in the other it was ascribed to neurogenic trauma. Despite the different etiologies, both monkeys demonstrated clinical features of ARDS, including progressive dyspnea and pulmonary edema, and syndrome-defining histopathologic criteria including edema with intraalveolar neutrophils, fibrinohemorrhagic effusions with crescentic membranes, and interstitial vascular degeneration. Recognition and aggressive treatment of ARDS at an early stage may improve survival rates in dyspneic nonhuman primates with underlying extrapulmonary diseases.
|
['Animals', 'Craniotomy', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Primate Diseases', 'Respiratory Distress Syndrome']
| 18,947,174
|
[['B01.050'], ['E04.525.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.510.550'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C22.735'], ['C08.381.840', 'C08.618.840']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
P-cadherin induces an epithelial-like phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma by GSK-3beta-mediated Snail phosphorylation.
|
Cadherins belong to a family of Ca(2+)-dependent homophilic cell-cell adhesion proteins that are important for correct cellular localization and tissue integrity. They play a major role in the development and homeostasis of epithelial architecture. Recently, it has become more and more evident that P-cadherin contributes to the oncogenesis of many tumors. To analyze the role of P-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we used a cell line that was deficient of the classical cadherins, P-cadherin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. This cell line was transfected with full-length P-cadherin (PCI52_PC). After overexpression of P-cadherin, PCI52_PC gained an epithelial-like brickstone morphology in contrast to the mock-transfected cells with a spindle-shaped mesenchymal morphology. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong nuclear Snail staining in mock-transfected cells compared with a significantly reduced nuclear staining and translocation to the cytoplasm in P-cadherin-overexpressing cells. Interestingly, the effects triggered by P-cadherin overexpression could be reversed by transfecting the cells with an antisense P-cadherin plasmid construct. Additional investigations showed a reexpression of E-cadherin in all P-cadherin-transfected cell clones in contrast to the mock controls. Analyzing the signaling mechanism behind it, we found glycogen-synthase-kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) bound to Snail in all cell clones. Furthermore, P-cadherin-overexpressing cell lines showed activated GSK-3beta that phosphorylated Snail leading to its cytoplasmic translocation. In summary, our results reveal P-cadherin as one major component in reconfiguring mesenchymal cells with epithelial features by triggering GSK-3beta-mediated inactivation and cytoplasmatic translocation of Snail in OSCC.
|
['Cadherins', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Gene Amplification', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3', 'Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kinetics', 'Mesoderm', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Snail Family Transcription Factors', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection']
| 19,654,099
|
[['D12.776.395.550.200.200', 'D12.776.543.550.200.200', 'D23.050.301.350.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.308.250', 'G05.365.590.310', 'G05.558.315'], ['D05.500.117.875', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625', 'D12.644.360.300.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875', 'D12.776.476.300.500'], ['D05.500.117.875.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.429.500.500', 'D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.625.500', 'D12.644.360.300.500.500', 'D12.776.476.081.875.500', 'D12.776.476.300.500.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A16.504.660'], ['C04.588.443.591', 'C07.465.530'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D12.776.930.815'], ['D12.776.930'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Suppression of murine leukemia virus-mediated 3Y1 cell fusion by expression of mouse MHC class I.
|
Rat 3Y1 fibroblasts transformed by adenovirus type 12 or its E1A gene formed syncytia by cocultivation with Friend murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-producing cells. On the other hand, parental 3Y1 cells and those derivatives induced by other tumor viruses or chemical carcinogen showed no MuLV-mediated syncytium formation [N. Momozaki et al. (1990) Arch. Virol. 115: 123-126]. The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I mRNA and antigens was significantly reduced in these Ad12- and E1A-transformed 3Y1 cells. In contrast, other tumor virus-and chemical carcinogen-transformed 3Y1 cells expressed MHC class I almost in normal levels as did parental 3Y1 cells. Furthermore, Ad12-transformed 3Y1 cells which started to express the transfected exogenous MHC class I gene, H-2Ld, showed no more MuLV-mediated 3Y1 cell fusion. These results indicate that the expression of MHC class I on the cell membrane is closely related to the inhibition of 3Y1 cell fusion by MuLV.
|
['Actins', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Fusion', 'Cell Line, Transformed', 'Cell Transformation, Viral', 'Friend murine leukemia virus', 'H-2 Antigens', 'Mice', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Transfection']
| 1,863,224
|
[['D05.750.078.730.250', 'D12.776.210.500.100', 'D12.776.220.525.255'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['E05.242.307', 'G04.155'], ['A11.251.210.172'], ['C04.697.098.500.160', 'C23.550.727.098.500.160', 'G06.920.143'], ['B04.613.807.375.525.225', 'B04.820.650.375.525.225'], ['D23.050.301.500.100.350', 'D23.050.301.500.400.199', 'D23.050.705.552.100.350', 'D23.050.705.552.410.199'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Feasibility and efficacy of verbal consents.
|
Refusal rates for participation in geriatric research have been surprisingly high. This may be due in part to inherent difficulties with a written consent procedure. A simple, easily administered, standardized verbal consent procedure (VCP) for the institutionalized elderly was developed to address this problem. Of 114 patients eligible for enrollment in a study evaluating outcomes of group psychotherapy, 100 gave verbal consent. When written consent was requested, 60 signed immediately; 35, only after substantial coaxing. Five patients refused to sign a consent form, although verbally agreeing to participate. It is estimated that the number of study participants would have been reduced by 40% had written consent been required. The findings raise ethical and logistical issues pertaining to a verbal consent procedure.
|
['Behavioral Research', 'Consent Forms', 'Geriatrics', 'Humans', 'Informed Consent', 'Research', 'Research Subjects', 'Speech', 'Therapeutic Human Experimentation', 'Writing']
| 2,236,896
|
[['F04.096.144', 'H01.770.644.108'], ['I01.880.604.583.427.134', 'N03.706.535.489.134', 'N04.452.859.198', 'N05.715.360.300.715.245'], ['H02.403.355'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.604.473.650.718', 'I01.880.604.583.427', 'N03.706.437.650.312', 'N03.706.535.489'], ['H01.770.644'], ['M01.774'], ['F01.145.209.908.677', 'G11.561.812', 'L01.559.423.676'], ['E05.445.875', 'H01.770.644.145.365.875'], ['L01.559.423.906']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Therapy for cervical cancer detected by mass screening.
|
Over a 19 year period since 1962, 972 cases of cervical cancer have been detected by mass screening in Miyagi Prefecture, a detection rate of 0.11%. Among these cases, 551 (56.7%) were cases of carcinoma in situ. In contrast, cervical cancers detected by means of private screening gave a detection rate of 0.39% (889 cases), among which there were 611 cases of invasive carcinoma (68.7%). Among the 421 cases of invasive carcinoma detected by mass screening, 352 were Stage I, 52 were Stage II, 14 were Stage III and 1 was Stage IV. Moreover, 178 of the 352 Stage I cases were Stage Ia. The 5 year survival rate for the cervical cancer patients detected by mass screening was 97.8% for Stage 0, 92.9% for Stage I, 75% for Stage II, 45.5% for Stage III and 0% for Stage IV. The 5-year survival rate for invasive carcinoma was 88.7%. Twenty-five deaths due to recurrence of the cancer were found, but all such cases were invasive carcinomas. There were no mortalities due to recurrence of carcinoma in situ among such cases detected by mass screening.
|
['Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Mass Screening', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']
| 6,670,100
|
[['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['C04.588.945.418.948.850', 'C13.351.500.852.593.131', 'C13.351.500.852.762.850', 'C13.351.937.418.875.850']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Five questions about Streptococcus mutans: theoretical study of its transmission and colonisation.
|
PURPOSE: This theoretical study aimed to identify the decisive (and controllable) factors involved in Streptococcus mutans (Sm) infection through addressing questions about (i) the time and prevalence pattern (including the raison d'etre of the discrete period for the infection or WI) of initial Sm colonisation and (ii) the infant's selection of bacterial types and their diversity, which are not yet definitely answered by empirical works.METHOD: A model of Sm infection (within-host type) was developed. For questions (i): using the basic model, stochastic simulation was performed to reproduce longitudinal observations of the initial colonisation time. A symmetrical or right-skewed gamma distribution was assumed for the maximum colonisable area (K(max)) and transmission rate (mx). Additionally, 3 or 4 developmental modes of colonisable area [K(t)] were assigned based on the K(max) value. For (ii): by extending the basic model to the two-bacterial type model, intraspecific competition analysis focusing on the differences in mx (received by the infancy) and colonisation ability (èD) was performed.RESULTS: The basic model simulation showed that mx and K(t) played a pivotal role in determining the individual time of initial colonisation and their variations among infants in forming its prevalence patterns (with or without WI). The competition model simulation showed that higher mx could be more advantageous in competitive colonisation than higher èD under repeated invasions. Accordingly, it played a decisive role in infant's selection of initially, persistently and transiently colonising bacterial types, and thus in their diversity.CONCLUSIONS: (i) The mx is the primary and controllable (risk) factor that extensively affects various aspects of the Sm infection process. (ii) Also, the growing carrying capacity, i.e., K(t) is another important factor when considering how to effectively delay the onset of the colonisation. (iii) Thus, currently, the most feasible and effective control measure for the infection should be microbiological interventions in the primary host with concurrent oral hygiene and dietary control in the exposed child.
|
['Humans', 'Infant', 'Models, Biological', 'Mouth', 'Streptococcal Infections', 'Streptococcus mutans']
| 22,541,733
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['C01.150.252.410.890'], ['B03.353.750.737.872.875.520', 'B03.510.400.800.872.875.520', 'B03.510.550.737.872.875.520']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Chemoresponsive Colloidosomes via Ag⁺ Soldering of Surface-Assembled Nanoparticle Monolayers.
|
Colloidosomes with a hollow interior and a porous plasmonic shell are highly desired for many applications including nanoreactors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photothermal therapy, and controlled drug release. We herein report a silica nanosphere-templated electrostatic self-assembly in conjunction with a newly developed Ag(+) soldering to fabricate gold colloidosomes toward multifunctionality and stimuli-responsibility. The gold colloidosomes are capable of capturing a nanosized object and releasing it via structural dissociation upon responding to a biochemical input (GSH, glutathione) at a concentration close to its cellular level. In addition, the colloidosomes have a tunable nanoporous shell composed of strongly coupled gold nanoparticles, which exhibit broadened near-infrared plasmon resonance. These features along with the simplicity and high tunability of the fabrication process make the gold colloidosomes quite promising for applications in a chemical or cellular environment.
|
['Colloids', 'Gold', 'Metal Nanoparticles', 'Particle Size', 'Porosity', 'Silver', 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'Static Electricity', 'Surface Properties']
| 25,866,989
|
[['D20.280', 'D26.255.165'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['J01.637.512.600.500'], ['G02.712'], ['G01.374.710'], ['D01.268.556.812', 'D01.268.956.843', 'D01.552.544.812'], ['E05.196.822.860', 'E05.196.867.890'], ['G01.358.500.249.820'], ['G02.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Restriction enzyme-mediated integration used to produce pathogenicity mutants of Colletotrichum graminicola.
|
We have developed a restriction enzyme-mediated insertional mutagenesis (REMI) system for the maize pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of a REMI-based mutagenesis approach to identify novel pathogenicity genes. Use of REMI increased transformation efficiency by as much as 27-fold over transformations with linearized plasmid alone. Ninety-nine transformants were examined by Southern analysis, and 51% contained simple integrations consisting of one copy of the vector integrated at a single site in the genome. All appeared to have a plasmid integration at a unique site. Sequencing across the integration sites of six transformants demonstrated that in all cases the plasmid integration occurred at the corresponding restriction enzyme-recognition site. We used an in vitro bioassay to identify two pathogenicity mutants among 660 transformants. Genomic DNA flanking the plasmid integration sites was used to identify corresponding cosmids in a wild-type genomic library. The pathogenicity of one of the mutants was restored when it was transformed with the cosmids.
|
['Blotting, Southern', 'Colletotrichum', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Plant Diseases', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plasmids', 'Protoplasts', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Transformation, Bacterial', 'Zea mays']
| 11,106,028
|
[['E05.196.401.114', 'E05.301.300.087', 'E05.601.150'], ['B01.300.381.235'], ['E05.393.281.526'], ['E05.393.420.601.550', 'G05.365.590.575', 'G05.558.550'], ['G15.610'], ['A18.024.812'], ['G05.360.600'], ['A11.789'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['E05.393.350.810.500', 'G05.728.860.500', 'G05.728.865.820', 'G06.099.850'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Qualitative systematic review of barriers and facilitators to self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: views of patients and healthcare professionals.
|
Self-management interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can improve quality of life, reduce hospital admissions, and improve symptoms. However, many factors impede engagement for patients and practitioners. Qualitative research, with its focus on subjective experience, can provide invaluable insights into such factors. Therefore, a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative evidence on COPD self-management from the perspective of patients, carers, and practitioners was conducted. Following a systematic search and screening, 31 studies were appraised and data extracted for analysis. This review found that patients can adapt to COPD; however, learning to self-manage is often a protracted process. Emotional needs are considerable; frustration, depression, and anxiety are common. In addition, patients can face an assortment of losses and limitations on their lifestyle and social interaction. Over time, COPD can consume their existence, reducing motivation. Support from family can prove vital, yet tinged with ambivalence and burden. Practitioners may not have sufficient time, resources, or appropriate skills or confidence to provide effective self-management support, particularly in regard to patients' psychosocial needs. This can compound patients' capability to engage in self-management. For COPD self-management to be effective, patients' psychosocial needs must be prioritised alongside medication and exacerbation management. In addition, patients' personal beliefs regarding COPD and its management should be reviewed periodically to avoid problematic behaviours and enhance positive adaptions to the disease. Patients with COPD are not a homogenous group and no one intervention will prove effective for all. Finally, practitioners require greater education, training, and support to successfully assist patients.
|
['Health Personnel', 'Humans', 'Motivation', 'Patients', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Self Care', 'Self-Management']
| 29,343,739
|
[['M01.526.485', 'N02.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['M01.643'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['H01.770.644.241.850'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E02.900', 'I03.050.563', 'N02.421.784.680'], ['N02.421.784.760']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
New production of 5-bromotoluhydroquinone and 4-O-methyltoluhydroquinone from the marine-derived fungus Dothideomycete sp.
|
The addition of NaBr to the fermentation medium of a marine isolate of the fungus Dothideomycete sp. resulted in induced production of two toluhydroquinone derivatives, 5- bromotoluhydroquinone (1) and 4-O-methyltoluhydroquinone (2), and two known compounds, toluhydroquinone (3) and gentisyl alcohol (4). The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned through the spectroscopic data analyses. Compounds 1-4 showed a potent antibacterial activity against the methicillinresistant and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MDRSA) with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 6.2, 12.5, 6.2, and 12.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Compounds 1-4 also exhibited a moderate radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with IC(50) values of 11.0, 17.0, 12.0, and 7.0 microM, respectively, which were more active than the positive control, L-ascorbic acid (IC(50), 20.0 ìM).
|
['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Culture Media', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Fungi', 'Hydroquinones', 'Inhibitory Concentration 50', 'Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Molecular Structure', 'Spectrum Analysis']
| 22,297,222
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['B01.300'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.393'], ['E05.940.350', 'G07.690.936.563'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100.500', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100.500', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['E05.196.867']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of phosphorylation on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the C4 plant Guinea grass.
|
In the C4 plant Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is phosphorylated in darkened leaves and dephosphorylated in illuminated leaves. To determine whether the properties of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated PEPCK were different, PEPCK was purified to homogeneity from both illuminated and darkened leaves. The final step of the purification procedure, gel filtration chromatography, further separated phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms. In the presence of a high ratio of ATP to ADP, the non-phosphorylated enzyme had a higher affinity for its substrates, oxaloacetate and phosphoenolpyruvate. The activity of the non-phosphorylated form was up to 6-fold higher when measured at low substrate concentrations. Comparison of proteoloytically cleaved PEPCK from Guinea grass, which lacked its N-terminal extension, from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which does not possess an N-terminal extension, and from the C4 plant Urochloa panicoides, which possesses an N-terminal extension but is not subject to phosphorylation, revealed similar properties to the non-phosphorylated full-length form from Guinea grass. Assay of PEPCK activity in crude extracts of Guinea grass leaves, showed a large difference between illuminated and darkened leaves when measured in a selective assay (a low concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate and a high ratio of ATP to ADP), but there was no difference under assay conditions used to estimate maximum activity. Immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels showed no difference in the abundance of PEPCK protein in illuminated and darkened leaves. There were no light/dark differences in activity detected in maize (Zea mays) leaves, in which PEPCK is not subject to phosphorylation.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Carbon', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Cytosol', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Immunoblotting', 'Light', 'Oxaloacetic Acid', 'Panicum', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate', 'Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)', 'Phosphorylation', 'Photosynthesis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Zea mays']
| 11,788,762
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['D01.268.150'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['A11.284.430.214.200', 'A11.284.430.429.200', 'A11.284.835.450.200'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['E05.478.566.320', 'E05.601.470.320'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['D02.241.081.337.593.812.750', 'D02.241.755.648.750'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.680'], ['D02.241.511.701'], ['D08.811.520.224.125.500'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.966']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[How do Ivorien rural populations perceive family planning?].
|
The government of C?te d'Ivoire has recently adopted its population policy. One of the objectives of this policy is to reduce the high rate of population growth through family planning. The success of the family planning program will depend not only on the strength of effort to be deployed, but also on the acceptability of the idea of family planning to the population, given the pronatalist nature of the society, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study is to assess the acceptability of family planning to the rural population. The study is based on a survey conducted in rural areas of the country on various issues including the social representation of family planning. Analyses rely on simple methods such as frequency tables and cross tabulation. The results show that rural populations, somehow, have an open mind towards family planning. They are interested in using family planning services if they are provided with them. However, implementation of family planning programs in rural areas requires some precautions--birth limitation should not be included among the objectives, at least at the beginning of the program; a preliminary advocacy program at the level of rural community leaders is required; there is need to adapt program strategies to the level of infrastructural development of the villages; etc.
|
['Adult', "Cote d'Ivoire", 'Family Planning Services', 'Female', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Public Policy', 'Rural Population', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 12,471,920
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.058.290.190.272'], ['N02.421.143.401', 'N02.421.800.249'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.655.500.608', 'I01.880.604.825.608', 'N03.623.500.608'], ['N01.600.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Immunohistochemical study of localization of extracellular matrix after holmium YAG laser irradiation in rat cornea.
|
PURPOSE: To better understand the corneal responses to holmium YAG (Ho:YAG) laser irradiation, we used immunofluorescent microscopy to examine changes in the localization of the extracellular matrix components, which play important roles in the maintenance of corneal morphology and functions.METHODS: Rats were irradiated with a Ho:YAG laser. On days 1, 3, and 7 after irradiation, the eyes were enucleated and frozen. Cryosections were made with a cryostat and were stained with antibodies against type I collagen, fibronectin, type IV collagen, or laminin for immunohistochemical study.RESULTS: One day after Ho:YAG laser irradiation, contraction of the stromal collagen fibrils was observed. Keratocytes could not be observed at the irradiated stromal region on day 1 after irradiation. One week later, however, keratocytes returned to the irradiated area. Although the stromal collagen fibrils had contracted, they were stained by an antibody against type I collagen. Dense fluorescence for fibronectin was observed at the margin of the stromal acellular zone. Both laminin and type IV collagen were observed at the basement membrane under the corneal epithelium, regardless of whether or not the corneas had been irradiated.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ho:YAG laser irradiation might be useful for the collagen contraction of stroma, without causing serious damage to the corneal epithelium and the basement membrane.
|
['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Collagen', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Stroma', 'Descemet Membrane', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Fibronectins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Laminin', 'Lasers', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred WKY']
| 11,033,125
|
[['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['D05.750.078.280', 'D12.776.860.300.250'], ['A09.371.060.217'], ['A09.371.060.217.228'], ['A09.371.060.217.271', 'A10.615.179.437'], ['A09.371.060.217.325', 'A10.272.510'], ['D12.776.860.300'], ['D12.776.377.715.390', 'D12.776.395.550.350', 'D12.776.543.550.350', 'D12.776.860.300.450'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D12.776.395.550.530', 'D12.776.543.550.500', 'D12.776.860.300.675'], ['E07.632.490', 'E07.710.520'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.390', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.390']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4 involvement in risperidone transport using an in vitro Caco-2/TC7 model and an in vivo model.
|
The possible involvement of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in risperidone transport was investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. Firstly, uptake studies were performed on a Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayer; the effects of 1 microg ml(-1) risperidone on apparent permeability were determined for secretory and absorptive directions, in the presence or absence of various P-gp and CYP3A4 inhibitors (verapamil, ketoconazole, erythromycin), and of an associated multidrug-resistant protein inhibitor (indomethacin). Secondly, on a conscious rat model, risperidone pharmacokinetic parameters, notably absorption parameters, were determined using compartmental and deconvolution methods. Three groups of seven rats received respectively an IV risperidone dose, an oral risperidone dose (PO group) and the same oral risperidone dose after verapamil administration (POV group). No formation of 9-hydroxyrisperidone was observed on Caco-2 cells after risperidone administration; there was no evidence that intestinal CYP3A4 is involved in risperidone metabolising. Risperidone secretory permeation was higher than absorptive permeation. Verapamil increased risperidone absorption permeation and decreased its secretory permeation. Indomethacin did not modify these permeation values. In rats, verapamil led to an increase in both risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone plasmatic concentrations. The fraction absorbed in the verapamil group was 3.18 times higher than in the oral group (65.9% and 20.7% for POV group and PO group). The absorption rate constant was lower in the verapamil group. Our results indicate that P-gp decreases the intestinal absorption of risperidone and that intestinal CYP3A4 is not involved in risperidone metabolism.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Biological Transport', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytochrome P450 Family 4', 'Dopamine Antagonists', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Permeability', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Risperidone', 'Time Factors']
| 17,337,319
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.075.063', 'D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.500.250.125', 'D12.776.395.550.020.400.153', 'D12.776.543.550.192.400.153', 'D12.776.543.585.100.200.125', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074.500.500.250.125'], ['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['D08.244.453.005', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.010', 'D12.776.422.220.453.010'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D08.244.453.870', 'D08.811.682.690.708.170.496', 'D12.776.422.220.453.870'], ['D27.505.519.625.150.175', 'D27.505.696.577.150.175'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['G02.723'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D03.383.742.698.685'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Behavioural disturbances following Japanese B encephalitis.
|
Clinically, Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) is often overlooked as its occurrence in Western countries is rare. However, its neurological, cognitive and psychiatric sequelae constitute a major public health problem in the Far East where JBE is endemic. European and American subjects may however experience the JBE when returning from a Far East journey. In such cases, misdiagnosis is frequent because of the unawareness of psychiatrists and physicians. The present review, therefore, documents the behavioural and cognitive sequelae of JBE. This reactivates the debate concerning the vaccination against the virus all the more that the literature enlightens the importance of the vaccination for those who undertake frequent and extensive tourist excursions to the Orient but still discusses it for occasional travellers. Following is a case-report of a young western European post-graduate student who has contracted JBE by experiencing an acute febrile delirium during an unusual short stay in South East Asia. Pyramidal syndrome, Parkinsonism and amnesia were the prominent acute deficits. Whereas these faded in great part during convalescence, emotional and behavioural instability associated with affective involvement, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and cognitive impairments appeared. A partial recovery was however obtained with neuroleptics, lithium and following electro-convulsive therapy. Organic personality syndrome was persistent and thereafter constituted the main sequelae syndrome. Hypersomnia and several enuretic episodes persisted.
|
['Adult', 'Amnesia, Retrograde', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Brain Stem', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Dementia', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Electroencephalography', 'Encephalitis, Japanese', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Neurologic Examination', 'Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder', 'Paranoid Disorders', 'Parkinsonian Disorders', 'Personality Disorders', 'Temporal Lobe', 'Travel']
| 14,611,920
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.597.606.525.100.150', 'C23.888.592.604.529.100.150', 'F01.700.625.100.150', 'F03.615.200.150'], ['F03.084.500'], ['C10.228.140.140'], ['A08.186.211.132'], ['F03.615.250'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['E01.171'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['C01.207.245.340.300.400', 'C01.207.399.750.300.400', 'C01.920.500.343.345', 'C01.925.081.343.345', 'C01.925.182.525.300.250', 'C01.925.782.310.345', 'C01.925.782.350.250.300', 'C10.228.140.430.520.750.300.400', 'C10.228.228.245.340.300.400', 'C10.228.228.399.750.300.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.527'], ['F03'], ['E01.370.376.550', 'E01.370.600.550'], ['F03.080.600'], ['F03.700.450'], ['C10.228.140.079.862', 'C10.228.662.600'], ['F03.675'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863'], ['I03.883']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental responses to predation risk in morphologically defended mayflies.
|
Densities and species composition of predators could affect morphological defences, larval development and the timing of emergence of their prey. To address this issue we studied the morphology and life history of an ephemerellid mayfly, Ephemerella invaria, from two streams in a deciduous forested drainage basin in central New York. Both streams contained predatory fish, but densities and species composition of fish differed. A field survey provided evidence that Ephemerella inhabiting a stream with > or =10 fish species and high relative densities of fish emerged several weeks earlier and at smaller sizes than Ephemerella inhabiting a nearby tributary with approximately 2 fish species and low relative densities of fish. However, the two populations of mayflies showed no differences in defensive morphology or growth rates. In laboratory rearing experiments, we exposed Ephemerella larvae from these two locations to fish chemical cues or control water (no fish) over 2 months to test whether differences in life histories could be attributed to fish. Fish cues induced faster larval development, but also smaller size of mature Ephemerella individuals from both high and low predator locations. Although shorter development times in more dangerous environments could increase larval survival, smaller size of females results in a fecundity cost associated with this life history shift. Consistent with the field studies, laboratory rearing experiments revealed no effects of fish cues on Ephemerella's morphological defences. These data suggest that variation in the density or species composition of predators may favour the evolution of developmental plasticity to reduce mortality in the larval environment.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Body Constitution', 'Female', 'Fertility', 'Fishes', 'Insecta', 'Larva', 'Male', 'Population Dynamics', 'Predatory Behavior', 'Risk Factors']
| 12,851,808
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.115', 'G07.100'], ['G08.686.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.493'], ['B01.050.500.131.617'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['F01.145.113.111.600', 'F01.145.113.252.520'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Low back pain in pregnancy.
|
The aim of this case report is to discuss the subject of acupuncture in pregnancy and which acupuncture points, or areas, are safe to needle. Low back pain in a 21-year-old Caucasian primigravida at 24 weeks gestation was incapacitating and acupuncture was offered. Prior to pregnancy investigations had excluded a serious organic cause and acupuncture was employed successfully to control pain and improve function. Acupuncture can be offered to sufferers of low back pain in pregnancy after risk / benefit analysis is undertaken and informed patient consent is obtained.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Acupuncture Points', 'Acupuncture Therapy', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Low Back Pain', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications', 'Risk Assessment', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 12,924,846
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['E02.190.044.555.035'], ['E02.190.044'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.592.612.107.400'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['G01.910.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Paraphilic sexuality and child abuse: the parents.
|
The parents of three children with a history and diagnosis of abuse dwarfism responded to an interview on erotosexual history in such a way as to indicate a nondescript erotosexual existence, or else a censored one. One additional couple, known on a personal basis by a youth worker, colluded in child abuse that was, in fact, a paraphilia of masochism by proxy. Two boys were beaten by their father as masochistic surrogates for their mother who instigated their beatings. Sexual intercourse between the parents was contingent on the beatings.
|
['Child', 'Child Abuse', 'Dwarfism', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Masochism', 'Paraphilic Disorders', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Self Disclosure']
| 7,097,787
|
[['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350.250', 'I01.880.735.900.350.250'], ['C05.116.099.343', 'C16.320.240', 'C19.297'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03.657.500'], ['F03.657'], ['F01.829.263.370.290'], ['F01.752.747.792.662']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The Golgi rapid method in clinical neuropathology: the morphologic consequences of suboptimal fixation.
|
Cytologic changes in neurons of the neocortex of mice consequent to suboptimal fixation have been investigated systematically in Golgi-rapid preparations. With few exceptions, there is no alteration in cellular morphology if the brain is refrigerated after death, and fixed by immersion within 3 hours. With latencies of fixation of 6 hours or more, autolytic changes supervene which modify the general histologic appearance and the morphology of individual cells. In general, the degree of tissue and cellular change is proportional to the latency between death and tissue fixation. Similar alterations in cellular morphology and general tissue appearance are found in Golgi-rapid impregnations of human brains obtained at autopsy. However, the degree of tissue autolysis in the human specimens bears a less predictable relationship to the latency of fixation after death. The duration of preterminal metabolic encephalopathy appears to be equally decisive as a determinant of tissue preservation.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Axons', 'Brain', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Middle Aged', 'Neurons', 'Postmortem Changes', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Time Factors']
| 73,572
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.637.200', 'A11.650.200'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['A08.186.211'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['C23.550.260.224.617'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Blockade of the trans-sulfuration pathway in acute pancreatitis due to nitration of cystathionine â-synthase.
|
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that may lead to dysregulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. The aims of this work were firstly to study the methionine cycle as well as the trans-sulfuration pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches identifying the causes of this dysregulation in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis; and secondly to reveal the effects of S-adenosylmethionine administration on these pathways. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein in mice, and a group of animals received S-adenosylmethionine treatment. Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis rapidly caused marked depletion of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, cystathionine, cysteine, and glutathione levels in pancreas, but S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine remained unchanged. Protein steady-state levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine-hydrolase and cystathionine gamma-lyase diminished but methylthioadenosine phosphorylase levels increased in pancreas with acute pancreatitis. Although cystathionine â-synthase protein levels did not change with acute pancreatitis, Nos2 mRNA and protein levels were markedly up-regulated and caused tyrosine nitration of cystathionine â-synthase in pancreas. S-adenosylmethionine administration enhanced Nos2 mRNA expression and cystathionine â-synthase nitration and triggered homocysteine accumulation in acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, S-adenosylmethionine administration promoted enrichment of the euchromatin marker H3K4me3 in the promoters of Tnf-á, Il-6, and Nos2 and enhanced the mRNA up-regulation of these genes. Accordingly, S-adenosylmethionine administration increased inflammatory infiltrate and edema in pancreas with acute pancreatitis. In conclusion, tyrosine-nitration of cystathionine â-synthase blockades the trans-sulfuration pathway in acute pancreatitis promoting homocysteine accumulation upon S-adenosylmethionine treatment.
|
['Animals', 'Ceruletide', 'Cystathionine', 'Cystathionine beta-Synthase', 'Cysteine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glutathione', 'Homocysteine', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Pancreatitis', 'S-Adenosylmethionine', 'Up-Regulation']
| 31,539,805
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.456.241'], ['D02.886.030.175', 'D12.125.095.307', 'D12.125.119.307', 'D12.125.166.175'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.200'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D12.644.456.448'], ['D02.886.030.498', 'D12.125.166.498'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D08.811.682.664.500.772.500', 'D12.776.157.687.575', 'D12.776.660.720.575'], ['C06.689.750'], ['D02.886.030.676.180', 'D03.633.100.759.590.138.264', 'D12.125.166.676.180', 'D13.570.583.138.264', 'D13.570.800.096.264'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus in blood bank donors at Fundaci?n Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia, 2008-2014.
|
INTRODUCTION: Human lymphotropic virus (HTLV I/II) is a retrovirus that is prevalent across the Colombian Pacific coast, and is potentially transmissible by transfusion. Blood bank screening has been regulated since 2004, in order to reduce transmission of HTLV I/II through donation. Information on the seroprevalence of the virus in southwestern Colombia is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence and the behavior of reactivity to HTLV I/II before and after the introduction of Western blot, and the comorbidity of HTLV and other infectious markers in donors from a blood bank in Cali, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 77,117 blood bank donors from the Fundaci?n Valle del Lili by analyzing records of donors who had been tested with the reactive test for anti-HTLV I-II antibodies (IgG) between January, 2008, and December, 2014. RESULTS: The cumulative seroprevalence during the study period was 0.24% (186/77,119). Reactivity was more common in women (61%), and the median age was 37 years (IQR: 24-48). The seroprevalence in the years before the introduction of Western blot was 0.13%, 0.19%, 0.31%, 0.32% and 0.18% (2008-2012), and thereafter it was 0.08% and 0.07% (2012-2014). Concomitant reactivity with other infectious markers was 11%: syphilis (57%), followed by HIV (19%), hepatitis B (14%) and hepatitis C (9%). The highest seroprevalence (0.38%) was reported in 2012. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of reactivity to HTLV I-II compared to that reported in other studies. The results of this study are a starting point for the development of population studies.
|
['Antibodies, Viral', 'Blood Banks', 'Blood Donors', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Blotting, Western', 'Colombia', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Disease Transmission, Infectious', 'Hepatitis B', 'Humans', 'Prevalence', 'Seroepidemiologic Studies']
| 27,622,800
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.254', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.254', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.254'], ['N02.278.065.200'], ['M01.898.313'], ['E02.095.135'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['Z01.107.757.284'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['N06.850.335'], ['C01.221.250.500', 'C01.925.256.430.400', 'C01.925.440.435', 'C06.552.380.705.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.950', 'N05.715.360.330.500.950', 'N06.850.520.450.500.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Protective effect of selenium on lung cancer in smelter workers.
|
A possible protective effect of selenium against lung cancer has been indicated in recent studies. Workers in copper smelters are exposed to a combination of airborne selenium and carcinogens. In this study lung tissue concentrations of selenium, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, and lead from 76 dead copper smelter workers were compared with those of 15 controls from a rural area and 10 controls from an urban area. The mean exposure time for the dead workers was 31.2 years, and the mean retirement time after the end of exposure 7.2 years. Lung cancer appeared in the workers with the lowest selenium lung tissue levels (selenium median value 71 micrograms/kg wet weight), as compared with both the controls (rural group, median value 110; urban group, median value 136) and other causes of death among the workers (median value 158). The quotient between the metals and selenium was used for comparison: a high quotient indicating a low protective effect of selenium and vice versa. The median values of the quotients between antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum, lead, chromium, and cobalt versus selenium were all numerically higher among the cases of lung cancer, the first five significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in 28 of the 35 comparisons between the lung cancer group and all other groups of smelter workers and controls. The different lung metal concentrations for each person were weighted according to their carcinogenic potency (Crx4 + Asx3 + Cdx2 + Sbx1 + Cox1 + Lax1 + Pbx1) against their corresponding selenium concentrations. From these calculations the protective effect of selenium was even more pronounced.
|
['Aged', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Metallurgy', 'Metals', 'Norway', 'Occupational Diseases', 'Risk', 'Selenium', 'Smoking']
| 4,041,390
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.411'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['J01.576.655.875.400'], ['D01.552'], ['Z01.542.816.374'], ['C24'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800'], ['D01.268.185.850', 'D01.578.700'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Biodistribution of HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase in colorectal cancer xenograft model.
|
Antibody-enzyme conjugate (AbE) has been widely studied for site-specific prodrug activation in tumors. The purpose of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase conjugate. HuCC49DeltaCH2 and beta-galactosidase were chemically conjugated and injected into a LS 174T colon cancer xenograft model. A colorimetric assay was developed to quantify the HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase levels in plasma and tissues. The HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase conjugate distributed into tumor tissue as early as 6h with the tumor/blood ratio of 5. This favored distribution of conjugate activity in the tumor tissue which was maintained up to 4 days post conjugate injection, while the conjugate was cleared rapidly from blood and other normal tissues (heart, spleen, lung, liver, kidney and stomach). At a high dose of 3000 U/kg, HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase conjugate saturated the antigen binding sites and yielded decreased tumor/normal tissue ratios compared to 1500 U/kg. These data suggest that HuCC49DeltaCH2-beta-galactosidase specifically target to the tumors to increase tumor selectivity.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Neoplasm', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Binding Sites, Antibody', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Colorimetry', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Injections, Intravenous', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'beta-Galactosidase']
| 19,944,136
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.240', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.240', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.240'], ['D23.050.285'], ['G02.111.570.060.425.079', 'G02.111.570.120.408', 'G12.122.232', 'G12.125'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['E05.196.922.250'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.790.651.114.580', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.580', 'D27.888.569.257'], ['E02.319.267.082.750', 'E02.319.267.530.540'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['G03.787.917', 'G07.690.725.949'], ['E04.936.764'], ['D08.811.277.450.410.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
miR-133b Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor: A Novel Mechanism in Liver Pathology.
|
miRNAs are involved in liver regeneration, and their expression is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a direct target of miR-133b, is crucial in the ductular reaction (DR)/oval cell (OC) response for generating new hepatocyte lineages during liver injury in the context of hepatotoxin-inhibited hepatocyte proliferation. Herein, we investigate whether miR-133b regulation of CTGF influences HCC cell proliferation and migration, and DR/OC response. We analyzed miR-133b expression and found it to be down-regulated in HCC patient samples and induced in the rat DR/OC activation model of 2-acetylaminofluorene with partial hepatectomy. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-133b via adenoviral system in vitro led to decreased CTGF expression and reduced proliferation and Transwell migration of both HepG2 HCC cells and WBF-344 rat OCs. In vivo, overexpression of miR-133b in DR/OC activation models of 2-acetylaminofluorene with partial hepatectomy in rats, and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine in mice, led to down-regulation of CTGF expression and OC proliferation. Collectively, these results show that miR-133b regulation of CTGF is a novel mechanism critical for the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and OC response.
|
['2-Acetylaminofluorene', 'Adenoviridae', 'Aged', 'Animals', 'Carcinogens', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Genetic Vectors', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Mice', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Rats', 'Transfection']
| 26,945,106
|
[['D02.065.064.150', 'D02.241.081.018.110.080', 'D02.455.426.559.847.389.050', 'D04.615.389.050'], ['B04.280.030'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D27.888.569.100'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.644.276.200.100', 'D12.776.467.200.100', 'D12.776.860.300.200.100', 'D23.529.237.100'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G05.360.337'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of genetic diversity and selection at the coding region of the melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene in Tibetan pigs and Landrace pigs.
|
Domestication and subsequent selective pressures have produced a large variety of pig coat colors in different regions and breeds. The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene plays a crucial role in determining coat color of mammals. Here, we investigated genetic diversity and selection at the coding region of the porcine melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) in Tibetan pigs and Landrace pigs. By contrast, genetic variability was much lower in Landrace pigs than in Tibetan pigs. Meanwhile, haplotype analysis showed that Tibetan pigs possessed shared haplotypes, suggesting a possibility of recent introgression event by way of crossbreeding with neighboring domestic pigs or shared ancestral polymorphism. Additionally, we detected positive selection at the MC1R in both Tibetan pigs and Landrace pigs through the dN/dS analysis. These findings suggested that novel phenotypic change (dark coat color) caused by novel mutations may help Tibetan pigs against intensive solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and camouflage in wild environment, whereas white coat color in Landrace were intentionally selected by human after domestication. Furthermore, both the phylogenetic analysis and the network analysis provided clues that MC1R in Asian and European wild boars may have initially experienced different selective pressures, and MC1R alleles diversified in modern domesticated pigs.
|
['Animals', 'Asia', 'Europe', 'Genetic Variation', 'Hair Color', 'Haplotypes', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Phylogeography', 'Quantitative Trait Loci', 'Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1', 'Selection, Genetic', 'Swine', 'Tibet']
| 26,431,999
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252'], ['Z01.542'], ['G05.365'], ['G13.500', 'G16.690.490'], ['G05.380.360'], ['G05.360.335.760.640', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.650'], ['H01.158.273.343.335.500', 'H01.277.500.589'], ['G05.360.340.024.380.937'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.430.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.285.500.500', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.285.500.500'], ['G05.783'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['Z01.252.474.164.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
HIF modulation of Wnt signaling regulates skeletal myogenesis in vivo.
|
Deeper insight into the molecular pathways that orchestrate skeletal myogenesis should enhance our understanding of, and ability to treat, human skeletal muscle disease. It is now widely appreciated that nutrients, such as molecular oxygen (O2), modulate skeletal muscle formation. During early stages of development and regeneration, skeletal muscle progenitors reside in low O2 environments before local blood vessels and differentiated muscle form. Moreover, low O2 availability (hypoxia) impedes progenitor-dependent myogenesis in vitro through multiple mechanisms, including activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1á (HIF1á). However, whether HIF1á regulates skeletal myogenesis in vivo is not known. Here, we explored the role of HIF1á during murine skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that HIF1á is dispensable during embryonic and fetal myogenesis. However, HIF1á negatively regulates adult muscle regeneration after ischemic injury, implying that it coordinates adult myogenesis with nutrient availability in vivo. Analyses of Hif1a mutant muscle and Hif1a-depleted muscle progenitors further suggest that HIF1á represses myogenesis through inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. Our data provide the first evidence that HIF1á regulates skeletal myogenesis in vivo and establish a novel link between HIF and Wnt signaling in this context.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'Gene Deletion', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ischemia', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Muscle Development', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Mutation', 'Oxygen', 'Perfusion', 'Regeneration', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway']
| 26,153,230
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G05.365.590.762.320', 'G05.558.800.320'], ['G05.308.310'], ['D12.776.260.103.625.750', 'D12.776.930.125.625.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['C23.550.513'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.590', 'G11.427.578.590'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.680'], ['G16.762'], ['G02.111.820.925', 'G04.835.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Noise suppression in training examples for improving generalization capability.
|
For the supervised learning problem, error correcting memorization learning was proposed in order to suppress noise in teacher signals. In this paper, generalization capability of the learning method is discussed. Generalization capability is evaluated based on the projection learning criterion. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for error correcting memorization learning to provide the same level of generalization as projection learning, and suggest how to choose a training set so as to satisfy the obtained condition. Moreover, it is revealed that noise suppression based on the error correcting memorization learning criterion always has a good effect on improving generalization to the level of projection learning.
|
['Artifacts', 'Artificial Intelligence', 'Neural Networks, Computer']
| 11,411,632
|
[['E05.047'], ['G17.035.250', 'L01.224.050.375'], ['G17.485', 'L01.224.050.375.605']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection of HERV-K(HML-2) viral RNA in plasma of HIV type 1-infected individuals.
|
Approximately 8% of the human genome sequence is composed by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), most of which are defective. HERV-K(HML-2) is the youngest and most active family and has maintained some proviruses with intact open reading frames (ORFs) that code for viral proteins that may assemble into viral particles. Many HERV-K(HML-2) sequences are polymorphic in humans (present in some individuals but not in others) and probably many others may be unfixed (not inserted permanently in a specific chromosomal location of the human genome). In the present study HIV-1 and HCV-1-positive plasma samples were screened for the presence of HERV-K(HML-2) RNA in an RT-PCR using HERV-K pol specific primers. HERV-K(HML-2) viral RNA sequences were found almost universally in HIV-1(+) plasma samples (95.33%) but were rarely detected in HCV-1 patients (5.2%) or control subjects (7.69%). Other HERV-K(HML-2) viral segments of the RNA genome including gag, prt, and both env regions, surface (su), and transmembrane (tm) were amplified from HERV-K pol-positive plasma of HIV-1 patients. Type 1 and type 2 HERV-K(HML- 2) viral RNA genomes were found to coexist in the same plasma of HIV-1 patients. These results suggest the HERV-K(HML-2) viral particles are induced in HIV-1-infected individuals.
|
['Endogenous Retroviruses', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'RNA, Viral', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']
| 17,067,267
|
[['B04.613.807.250', 'B04.820.650.250', 'G02.111.570.080.708.330.800.175', 'G05.360.080.708.330.800.175', 'G05.360.340.024.425.800.175'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B04.820.650.589.650.350.400'], ['C01.221.250.750', 'C01.925.440.440', 'C01.925.782.350.350', 'C06.552.380.705.440'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.444.735.828'], ['E05.393.620.500.725']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reactive Self-Assembly and Specific Cellular Delivery of NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)-Derived Nanogels.
|
This study presents the reactive self-assembly of isocyanate functional and amphiphilic six-arm, star-shaped polyether prepolymers in water into nanogels. Intrinsic molecular amphiphilicity, mainly driven by the isophorone moiety at the distal endings of the star-shaped molecules, allows for the preparation of spherical particles with an adjustable size of 100-200 nm by self-assembly and subsequent covalent cross-linking without the need for organic solvents or surfactants. Covalent attachment of a fluorescence dye and either the cell-penetrating TAT peptide or a random control peptide sequence shows that only TAT-labeled nanogels are internalized by HeLa cells. The nanogels thus specifically enter the cells and accumulate in the perinuclear area in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.
|
['Drug Delivery Systems', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Nanoparticles', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Polyethyleneimine']
| 29,974,620
|
[['E02.319.300'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Light and electron microscopic distribution of the AMPA receptor subunit, GluR2, in the spinal cord of control and G86R mutant superoxide dismutase transgenic mice.
|
Excitotoxicity has been hypothesized to contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) neurodegeneration. The similar pattern of vulnerability in the spinal cord of mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) transgenic mice and mice treated with excitotoxins supports a role for excitotoxicity in the mechanism of degeneration. The distribution of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) class of glutamate receptors (GluRs) with different calcium permeabilities has been proposed as an explanation for this differential vulnerability. GluR2 appears to be the dominant determinant of calcium permeability for AMPA receptors; thus, it is critical for their contribution to excitotoxic mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the distribution of GluR2 immunoreactivity in the spinal cord of control and SOD-1 transgenic mice. GluR2 immunoreactivity is present equally within vulnerable neurons (i.e., motor neurons and calretinin-immunoreactive neurons) as well as nonvulnerable neurons (i.e., calbindin-immunoreactive neurons and dorsal horn neurons). In addition, postembedding immunoelectron microscopy reveals that GluR2 is present in synapses of dorsal and ventral horn neurons and that the percentage of labeled synapses and numbers of immunogold particles per synapse do not vary between these spinal cord regions. Comparing control mice with SOD-1 transgenic mice, at both the light and the electron microscopic levels, the distribution and intensity of GluR2-immunoreactivity do not appear to be altered. These results suggest that the cellular and synaptic distribution of GluR2 is not a determinant of the selective vulnerability observed in SOD-1 transgenic mice or in ALS patients.
|
['Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microscopy, Immunoelectron', 'Motor Neurons', 'Point Mutation', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate', 'Spinal Cord', 'Superoxide Dismutase']
| 9,619,504
|
[['C10.228.854.139', 'C10.574.562.250', 'C10.574.950.050', 'C10.668.467.250', 'C18.452.845.800.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.625', 'E05.595.402.625'], ['A08.675.655.500', 'A11.671.655.500'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500'], ['A08.186.854'], ['D08.811.682.881']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Contrast examination of the soft palate with cross sectional correlation.
|
In this exceptionally well illustrated article, the author demonstrates both the normal anatomy and the radiologic appearance of inflammatory, neurologic and neoplastic lesions of the soft palate.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Eustachian Tube', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Palatal Muscles', 'Palatal Neoplasms', 'Palate, Soft', 'Radiography']
| 3,175,082
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C04.557.470.200.400', 'C04.557.470.700.400'], ['A09.246.397.369'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.581'], ['A02.633.567.750', 'A14.549.617.623'], ['C04.588.149.721.450.692', 'C04.588.443.591.692', 'C05.116.231.754.450.692', 'C05.500.499.692', 'C07.320.515.692', 'C07.465.530.692'], ['A14.549.617.780'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Late sensorial alterations in different radiotherapy techniques for nasopharyngeal cancer.
|
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) allowed a better distribution of the dose to the tumor volume, sparing surrounding structures. Aim of the study is the objective evaluation of olfactory and gustatory impairments in patients who underwent chemo-radiotherapy for NPC. Correlation between smell and taste alterations, xerostomy, and radiation technique was investigated. Thirty healthy subjects and 30 patients treated with chemo-radiation therapy for NPC, with at least a 2-years follow-up period, were evaluated. All subjects underwent symptoms evaluation, endoscopic fiber optic nasal examination, taste strips, Sniffin' sticks tests, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer late radiation morbidity scoring system. Patients were divided in 2 groups: 2-dimensional radiotherapy/conformal 3-dimensional radiotherapy and IMRT. A higher percentage of rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, xerostomy, hyposmia, hypogeusia, mucosal hyperemia, and presence of nasopharyngeal secretions was found in irradiated subjects (P < 0.05). Concerning olfactory and gustatory scores, we demonstrated a statistically significant difference between healthy subjects and irradiated patients (P < 0.05), with lower gustatory total score in IMRT group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, chemo-radiotherapy for NPC induces long-term smell and taste impairments, which can compromise quality of life. Although based on small samples, it is also important to consider that IMRT can induce higher taste dysfunction compared with traditional techniques.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Olfaction Disorders', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Taste Disorders']
| 25,800,268
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.588.443.665.710.650', 'C07.550.350.650', 'C07.550.745.650', 'C09.647.710.650', 'C09.775.350.650', 'C09.775.549.650'], ['C10.597.751.600', 'C23.888.592.763.550'], ['E02.815.635.700.700', 'L01.313.500.750.100.710.600.550.700'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C10.597.751.861', 'C23.888.592.763.861']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fate of estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant.
|
The fate of the highly potent endocrine disrupters estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was investigated in mechanical and biological sewage treatment as well as in sewage-sludge treatment at a municipal German sewage treatment plant (STP). The main outcome of the study was that a common municipal STP with an activated sludge system for nitrification and denitrification including sludge recirculation can appreciably eliminate natural and synthetic estrogens. As a consequence, the endocrine effects of biota in the receiving waters should be significantly reduced. All estrogen concentrations decreased gradually along the treatment train. In the STP effluent, the steroid estrogen concentrations were always below the quantification limit of 1 ng/L. The elimination efficiency of the natural estrogens (E1 and E2) exceeded 98%, and EE2 was reduced by more than 90%. The natural estrogens were largely degraded biologically in the denitrifying and aerated nitrifying tanks of the activated sludge system, whereas EE2 was only degraded in the nitrifying tank. Only about 5% of the estrogens are sorbed onto digested sewage sludge. It is very likely that conjugates (glucuronides and sulfates) of the estrogens were cleaved into the parent compounds mainly in the first denitrification tank.
|
['Adsorption', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Bioreactors', 'Endocrine System', 'Estrogens', 'Nitrogen', 'Oxygen', 'Sewage', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']
| 14,524,430
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['A06'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['D20.944.932.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Treatment with targeted vesicular stomatitis virus generates therapeutic multifunctional anti-tumor memory CD4 T cells.
|
A generally applicable, easy-to-use method of focusing a patient's immune system to eradicate or prevent cancer has been elusive. We are attempting to develop a targeted virus to accomplish these aims. We previously created a recombinant replicating vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that preferentially infected Her2/neu expressing breast cancer cells and showed therapeutic efficacy in an implanted Balb/c mouse tumor model. The current work shows that this therapy generated therapeutic anti-tumor CD4 T cells against multiple tumor antigens. CD4 T cells transferred directly from cured donor mice could eradicate established tumors in host mice. T cells were transferred directly from donor mice and were not stimulated ex vivo. Both tumors that expressed Her2/neu and those that did not were cured by transferred T cells. Analysis of cytokines secreted by anti-tumor memory CD4 T cells displayed a multifunctional pattern with high levels of interferon-ã, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-17. Anti-tumor memory CD4 T cells traveled to the mesenteric lymph nodes and were activated there. Treatment with targeted recombinant replicating VSV is a potent immune adjuvant that generates therapeutic, multifunctional anti-tumor memory CD4 T cells that recognize multiple tumor antigens. Immunity elicited by viral therapy is independent of host major histocompatibility complex or knowledge of tumor antigens. Virus-induced tumor immunity could have great benefit in the prevention and treatment of tumor metastases.
|
['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Line', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Memory', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Neoplasms', 'Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus']
| 22,240,921
|
[['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450.050.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['C04'], ['B04.820.480.937.750.900.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prevalence of heat-stable II enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in pigs, water, and people at farms in Thailand as determined by DNA hybridization.
|
The DNA hybridization assay employing a 460-base-pair fragment of DNA encoding for the methanol-insoluble form of heat-stable toxin (ST-II) was used to determine the prevalence of ST-II enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in pigs, people, and water at 57 farms in Sri Racha, Thailand. ST-II ETEC was found in 62 (3%) of 2,110 suckling, 181 (32%) of 560 weaned, and 4 (1%) of 457 adult pigs examined. Of 62 suckling pigs with ST-II ETEC infections 21% had diarrhea, but none of 185 infected older pigs had diarrhea. ST-II ETEC was found more frequently in suckling pigs with diarrhea than without diarrhea (13 of 146 versus 49 of 1,964) (P less than 0.001). ST-II ETEC was detected in water collected from 3 of 57 clay jars containing water used to bathe at three pig farms, in 1 jar used to bathe immediately after working in the barn, and from one farmer who did not have a recent history of diarrhea. Evidence of this organism was not found in 245 other individuals living on the pig farms or in 220 inhabitants and 114 water specimens collected at tapioca farms nearby. In Thailand ST-II ETEC was found in suckling pigs with diarrhea but was infrequently found in humans.
|
['Animal Husbandry', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Toxins', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Diarrhea', 'Enterotoxins', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Humans', 'Nucleic Acid Hybridization', 'Rectum', 'Swine', 'Swine Diseases', 'Thailand', 'Water Microbiology']
| 6,371,049
|
[['J01.040.090'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.946.123'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C23.888.821.214'], ['D23.946.330'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D12.776.097.275'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.393.661', 'G02.111.611'], ['A03.556.124.526.767', 'A03.556.249.249.767'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['C22.905'], ['Z01.252.145.841'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Mcm2, Geminin, and KI67 define proliferative state and are prognostic markers in renal cell carcinoma.
|
PURPOSE: The origin licensing factors minichromosome maintenance 2 (Mcm2) and Geminin have recently been identified as critical regulators of growth and differentiation. Here we have investigated the regulation of these licensing factors together with Ki67 to further elucidate the cell cycle kinetics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Furthermore, we have examined the role of Ki67, Mcm2, and Geminin in disease-free survival after nephrectomy in patients with localized RCC.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue sections from 176 radical nephrectomy specimens were immunohistochemically stained with Mcm2, Geminin, and Ki67 antibodies. Labeling indices (LI) for these markers were compared with clinicopathologic parameters (median follow-up 44 months).RESULTS: In RCC, Mcm2 is expressed at much higher levels than Ki-67 and Geminin, respectively [medians 41.6%, 7.3%, and 3.5% (P < 0.001)] and was most closely linked to tumor grade (P < 0.001). For each marker, Kaplan-Meier survival curves provided strong evidence that increased expression is associated with reduced disease-free survival time (P < 0.001). Additionally, an Mcm2-Ki67 LI identified a unique licensed but nonproliferating population of tumor cells that increased significantly with tumor grade (P = 0.004) and was also of prognostic value (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, grade, vascular invasion, capsular invasion, Ki67 LI >12%, and age were found to be independent prognostic markers.CONCLUSIONS: Although Ki67 is identified as an independent prognostic marker, semiquantitative assessment is difficult due to the very low proliferative fraction identified by this marker. In contrast, Mcm2 identifies an increased growth fraction that is closely linked to grade, provides prognostic information, and is amenable to semiquantitative analysis in routine pathologic assessment.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Geminin', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'Regression Analysis', 'Survival Analysis']
| 15,814,627
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['D12.776.167'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['D12.776.167.265'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D12.776.660.625.500', 'D23.050.290.500', 'D23.101.140.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.186.200', 'D08.811.399.340.186.200', 'D12.776.167.409.200', 'D12.776.660.235.500.200', 'D12.776.664.235.750.200'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['D12.776.660'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Efficient genome ancestry inference in complex pedigrees with inbreeding.
|
MOTIVATION: High-density SNP data of model animal resources provides opportunities for fine-resolution genetic variation studies. These genetic resources are generated through a variety of breeding schemes that involve multiple generations of matings derived from a set of founder animals. In this article, we investigate the problem of inferring the most probable ancestry of resulting genotypes, given a set of founder genotypes. Due to computational difficulty, existing methods either handle only small pedigree data or disregard the pedigree structure. However, large pedigrees of model animal resources often contain repetitive substructures that can be utilized in accelerating computation.RESULTS: We present an accurate and efficient method that can accept complex pedigrees with inbreeding in inferring genome ancestry. Inbreeding is a commonly used process in generating genetically diverse and reproducible animals. It is often carried out for many generations and can account for most of the computational complexity in real-world model animal pedigrees. Our method builds a hidden Markov model that derives the ancestry probabilities through inbreeding process without explicit modeling in every generation. The ancestry inference is accurate and fast, independent of the number of generations, for model animal resources such as the Collaborative Cross (CC). Experiments on both simulated and real CC data demonstrate that our method offers comparable accuracy to those methods that build an explicit model of the entire pedigree, but much better scalability with respect to the pedigree size.
|
['Animals', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genome', 'Genomics', 'Genotype', 'Inbreeding', 'Pedigree', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 20,529,906
|
[['B01.050'], ['G05.365'], ['G05.360.340'], ['H01.158.273.180.350', 'H01.158.273.343.350'], ['G05.380'], ['E05.820.150.520', 'G05.090.403'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Trial of BCG vaccines in south India for tuberculosis prevention: first report--Tuberculosis Prevention Trial.
|
The protective effect of BCG vaccination is being evaluated in a controlled community trial near Madras in south India. After tuberculin and sensitin testing and radiographic and bacteriological examinations, BCG vaccines and placebo were allocated randomly to about 260 000 individuals, of whom 115 000 were definitely tuberculin negative at the time of vaccination. Intensive efforts are being made, by means of regular follow-up surveys, to identify all new cases of tuberculosis occurring in the community. This report presents the findings of the first 7(1/2) years of follow-up. Incidence of infection was high in the study population. However, incidence of bacillary disease was more frequent among initial tuberculin reactors, especially among the older persons, than among non-reactors of whom the majority were in the younger age groups. The distribution of new cases of bacillary tuberculosis among those not infected at intake did not show any evidence of a protective effect of the BCG vaccines.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'India', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tuberculin Test', 'Tuberculosis']
| 396,057
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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