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Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hereditary coproporphyria Porphyrias Porphyrias are heterogenous group of disorders characterized by defective metabolism of porphyrins. Porphyrins are impoant intermediates in biosynthesis of heme from glycine and succinyl CoA. Each step is controlled by specific enzyme. So, prophyrias are due to inh... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Erythema Multiforme (EM)* It is an acute self-limited, usually mild and often relapsing mucocutaneous syndrome* MCC is infection with Herpes simplex virus.* 2nd MCC: Mycoplasma pneumonia.Clinical Presentation* Occurs in all ages but mostly in adolescents & young adults, with a slight male preponderance.* Charac... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer Goodman and Gilman 11e p836 Verapamil is present as a racemic mixture of R and S verapamil. S verapamil has more stronger negative dromotropic action and higher first pass metabolism than R verapamil | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B. Lower motor neurona. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common form of progressive motor neuron disease.b. The pathology of motor neuron degenerative disorders involves lower motor neurons (consisting of anterior horn cells in spinal cord and their brainstem homologues innervating bulbar muscles) and upp... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Co-operativity- Hb is a tetramer. If one molecule of O2 binds to the tetramer more easily if another O2 is already bound. Since it is most difficult for the first molecule of O2 to bind to Hb, the shape becomes sigmoid. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer Robbins page no 923 IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease) IgA nephropathy, characterized by the presence of prom- inent IgA deposits in the mesangial regions and recurrent hematuria, is the most common type of glomerulonephri- tis worldwide. The disease can be suspected by light microscopic examination, but the diagno... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(A) SSRIs # Social Phobia> This is an example of irrational fear of activities or social interaction, characterized by an irrational fear of performing activities in the presence of other people or interacting with others.>The patient is afraid of his own actions being viewed by others critically, resulting in embarras... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
i.e. (Subsequent pregnancies are risky): (413-CMDT-11) (1482-H17th)PER1PARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY* Cardiac dilatation and CHF may develop during the last trimester of pregnancy or within 6 months of delivery* More recently it has been noted that the disease may be related to a cathepsin D cleavage product of the hormone pro... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Maxillary carcinoma is of two types
Squamous cell carcinoma — (MC. type of carcinoma)
Adenocarcinoma
T/T of maxillary carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma → Combination of Surgery and radiotherapy gives better res is than either alone.
Radiotherapy can be given before or after surgery (The t/t is same in every stage o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Tear drop and Burr cells [Ref Harrison 171h/e p652 16th /e p. 6071 Burr cells are seen in uremia. Tear drop cells are seen in myelofibrosis. Haptotoglobin is an a -globulin present in high concentration in serum. It binds to free haemoglobin produced as a result of hemolysis. The hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex is rapid... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Per Oral endoscopic myotomy is done for achalasia cardia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cost effictiveness | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In boys, the first visible sign of pubey and hallmark of SMR2 is testicular enlargement, beginning as early as 9 1/2 years. This is followed by penile growth during SMR3. Peak growth occurs when testis volumes reach approximately 9-10 cm3 during SMR4. Under the influence of LH and testosterone, and prostate enlarges. T... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Disease Inheritance Pathologic Features Clinical Features of Complications Typical Outcome Diagrammatic Representation Adult polycystic kidney disease Autosomal dominant Large multicystic kidneys Liver cysts Berry aneurysms Hematuria, Flank pain, Urinary tract infection, Renal stones, Hypeension Chronical renal failure... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) Lies on top of actinREF: Guyton 12th ed page 72-76SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION:In resting muscle, the ends of the actin filaments extending from two successive Z discs barely begin to overlap one another. Troponin I is tightly bound to actin and tropomyosin covers the sites where myosin hea... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Exact answer according to Schwartz in 30%. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Presynaptic blockade of acetylcholine release Botulinum toxin is an effective inhibitor of presynaptic acetylcholine exocytosis. Acting at the neuromuscular junction, cellular uptake is believed to occur through an active cell surface receptor-mediated process. This three-step chemical denervation is initiated by the t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ref: Katzung 11/e p1024 Methyl alcohol (methanol) is metabolized to formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then to formic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. These compounds are responsible for the toxicity. Formic acid can lead to coma and blindness also. Therefore, inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase,Formepizole is us... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Intrinsic or intrarenal acute renal failure (ARF) occurs when direct damage to the kidneys causes a sudden loss in kidney function. The most common causes of intrinsic acute renal failure are acute tubular necrosis (ATN), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), and acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) . Ref Harrison20th edition ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thiopentone Anesthetics in porphyriaSafeUnsafe (should not be used)* Propofol* Benzodiazepines* Opioids (other than pentazocine)- morphine, codeine, pethidine, fentanyl, alfentanyl, naloxone* Lidocaine, Bupivacaine* Muscle relaxants* Neostagmine, atropine, glycopyrrolate* Aspirin, indomethacin, naprox... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D Nerve of wrisbergRef: Netters Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th ed. pg. 62Nerve and its DetailsArnold nerve (choice A)Auricular branch of vagus (alderman nerve)Jacobson nerve (choice B)Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal nerveCriminal nerve of grassi (choice C)Branch of right posterior vagus that passes to left behind... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The trend is to arrange shade guides in decreasing order of value (lightest to darkest: B1, A1, B2, D2, A2, C1, C2, D4, A3, D3, B3, A3.5, B4, C3, A4, C4). Matching tooth shades is simplified by the arrangement of tabs by value; this arrangement has been found to be easier and more reliable to use. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Teratogenic cardiovascular defects of lithium → Ebstein's anomaly, Tricuspid atresia
Etiology of CHD
The etiology of the majority of CHDs is not known.
In less than 10% of cases, the cause and effect relationship has been established.
Both environmental and hereditary factors play a role in the etiology of CHDs.
1. ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Right atrial enlargement produces a peaked P wave (P pulmonale) with amplitude: > 2.5 mm in the inferior leads (II, III and AVF) > 1.5 mm in V1 and V2 Ref : Harrison 20th edition pg 1583 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. c (400) (Ref. Williams Obstetrics 22nd/Ch. 8)# In nonpregnant women, folic acid requirement is 50 to 100 mg/day.# During pregnancy, requirements are | , and 400 mg/day are recommended.FOLIC ACID DEMAND IN PREGNANCY# The earliest biochemical evidence is low plasma folic acid concentrations.# The earliest morphologi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Hydrocephalus): Multiple sclerosis is not associated with Hydrocephalus. Optic Neuritis, Spasticity and Spinal cord involvement may all be seen with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, gliosis (scarring) and neuronal l... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans- is 'c' i.e., Spinal part of accessory no Spinal accessory ner\!e palsy is common following neck dissection surgery or lymph node excision, blunt or penetrating trauma to the lateral neck region. and cervical stretch injuries.o This nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which have the follow... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pierre Robbin syndrome comprises
isolated cleft palate
retrognathia (posteriorly displaced mandible)
glossoptosis (posteriorly displaced tongue)
early respiratory & feeding difficulties | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Previa can be confirmed with an ultrasound. Transvaginal ultrasound has superior accuracy as compared to transabdominal one, thus allowing measurement of distance between placenta and cervical os | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve into the right ventricleEbstein's anomalyo Ebstein anomaly consists of downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve into the right ventricle,o Normally tricuspid valve has three leaflets - Anterior, posterior and septal,o Fixed end of these ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Coicosteroids | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B i.e. DLE Discoid lupus is a benign variant of SLE in which only the skin is involved. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Iron and Vitamin C (Ref: Ghai 8/e p153)Human breast milk has enough of all nutrients except Vitamin D and Vitamin K. It is also slightly deficient in Vitamin C and iron.Comparing Human and Animal Milks (per cup)NutrientHuman MilkCow's MilkGoat's MilkCalories172146168Protein (g)2.57.98.7Fat (g)10.87.9101Saturate... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Suprascapular aery "Suprascapular aery is a branch of thyrocervical trunk of the subclan aery, not axillary aery" Branches of axillary aery: The branches of the axillary aery are superior thoracic, thoraco-acromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral. The Suprascapular aery usually... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Recommendation of the daily requirement of iodine during pregnancy is 220mcg and during lactation is 290mcg.(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. C: Retinoblastoma Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex or cat's eye reflex) is the most common presenting sign of retinoblastoma, accounting for about 56.1% of cases. Strabismus, which occurs as a result of visual loss, is the second most common mode of presentation. Thus, funduscopic examination through a well-dila... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- C. Post pregnancy uterine atrophyAtrophy is reduced size of an organ or tissue resulting from a decrease in cell size and number.Atrophy may be1. Physiologicalatrophy of notochord and thyroglossal duct during fetal developmentDecrease in uterus size after delivery2. Pathological | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
a. Tibia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2425, Ghai 8/e p 736)Age groupSite of bone marrow samplingYounger childrenAnterior medial tibialQ area, below tibial tuberosityAdultAnterior or posterior iliac crest area | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., PolioVirus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (B) DesmopressinREF: Harrison s Internal Medicine 17th ed chapter 334The signs and symptoms of uncomplicated pituitary DI can be eliminated completely by treatment with Desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic analogue of AVP. It acts selectively at V2 receptors to increase urine concentration and decrease urine flow ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Mycoplasma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Achalasia cardia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ampicillin is penicillin. Remaining 3 are aminoglycoside. Aminoglycosides are ototoxic.Other adverse effects of aminoglycosides are nephrotoxicity and NMB.ototocicity can be of auditory and vestibular most vestibulotocxic is sterptomycin followed by gentamycin and most auditory toxic is neomycin followed by amikacin Re... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Derivatives of neural crest in eye: Corneal stroma, keratocytes and endothelium Sclera Trabecular meshwork endothelium Iris stroma Ciliary muscles Choroidal stroma Pa of the vitreous Uveal and conjunctival melanocytes Meningeal sheaths of the optic nerve Ciliary ganglion Orbital bones Orbital connective tissue Connecti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (A) Cholera(Ref: Katzung, 11/e p897, CMDT 2010, 1341, KDT 8/e p788)Tetracyclines are used for prophylaxis of both cholera (Katzung) as well as leptospirosis (CMDT). However, if we have to choose one, we will go with cholera, as the table on pg 897 of Katzung clearly writes tetracycline for cholera prophylaxis wher... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Facial bulla and oral ulcers (mucosal involvement) in a 50 years man suggest the diagnosis ofpemphigus vulgaris. The smear from the lesions will show ancantholytic cells also referred to as Tzank cells, which are separated keratinocytes. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Clopidogrel o Platelet activationo Antiplatelet drugs# Ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel - they block inactivation(Prasugrel has to be added)o Cilastazole is a phosphodiesterase - 3 inhibitor and results in elevated cAMP levels. It reduces platelet aggregation and also possess peripheral vasodilatoi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES. The pathologic features are common to both HBV and HCV infection and include the following lesions 1.Piecemeal necrosis. Piecemeal necrosis is defined as peripoal destruction of hepatocytes at the limiting plate (piecemeal = piece by piece). Its features in chronic hepatitis are as under: i)Necros... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Fractures of the orbital roof usually results from blow to the brow, often associated with a late-developing periorbital hematoma. The delay in swelling can be an impoant clue in differentiating fractures of the roof from other orbital injuries. Severe fractures of the orbital roof often are associated with fractures o... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lobar pneumonia | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibited
Iodoacetate
Arsenate
Sodium fluoride
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
1,3 BPG Kinase
Enolase | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Trigeminal nerve Corneal reflex* AFFERENT-the nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic branch (V1) of the 5th cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve) sensing the stimulus on the cornea, lid, or conjunctiva.* EFFERENT-the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve initiating the motor response* NUCLEUS-t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pelvis; 'b' i.e., Veebrae & 'c' i.e., SkullPaget disease involveso Skull o Spine (veebrae) o Tibiao Pelvis o Femur o Humerus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A. Lymphatic drainage from plural cavityPleural cavity is a closed cavity. And the pressure is always negative due to the following factors:a. The lungs have a tendency to recoil inwards, therefore visceral pleura is pulled inwards.b. Surface tension also help by creating an inward force in alveoli.c. The thorax h... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans is 'a' ie Beta HCG Tumor markers of Germ cell tumors of the testis I) Beta HCG 2) Alpha feto protein (AFP) 3) LDH Beta HCG - concentration is increased in both seminoma & non seminoma AFP - concentration is increased in only non-seminoma LDH - is increased in both, it is not as specific as either of AFP or Beta HCG... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
It is done for the pathology of the middle ear. It is a test for conductive deafness. It is an objective test, widely used in clinical practice and is paicularly useful in children. It consists of: Tympanometry Acoustic reflex measurements. Ref: Dhingra; 6th Edition; pg no 24 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Renal handling of various plasma constituents in a normal adult human on an average diet. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acute GVHD causes epithelial cell necrosis in three principal target organs liver,skin,gut Reference:Robbins basic pathology 9th edition pg no 139: | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Type 3 o It is of 3 types : T ype I is the mildest form. Type II is a moderately severe form. Type III patients suffer from a non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia even without exposure to drugs. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 7.5 Nutritive value of milks compared (value per 100 grams) BuffaloCowGoatHumanFat(g)6[?]54[?]14[?]53[?]4Protein(g)4-33[?]23[?]31[?]1Lactose(g)51444[?]67[?]4Calcium(mg)21012017028Iron(mg)0[?]20[?]20[?]3 Vitamin C(mg)1213Minerals(g)0[?]80[?]80[?]80[?]1Water(g)81[?]08786[?]888Energy(kcal)117677265 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Systematic random sample: this is done by picking every 5th and 10th unit at regular intervals. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 913 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Permethrin 1. Broad spectrum potent pyrethroid insecticide 2. Currently it is the most efficacious and the most convenient drug against both scabies and lice. 3. It acts on parasite's nerve cell membrane to disrupt the sodium channel current which causes delayed repolarisation,paralysis and death. 4. Toxicity in humans... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Incineration Human anatomical wastes such as human tissues, organs, and body pas are classified as Waste Category No. I They are disposed in 'plastic bags' with a 'yellow color code' and treated by 'Incineration or deep burial'. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Berkesonian bias is a special type of bias, named after Dr. Joseph Berkeson, who recognized this problem due to different rates of admission to hospitals for people with different diseases Neyman bias: due to missing of fatal cases, mild/silent cases and cases of sho duration from the study. Attention bias or Hawthorne... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Polar to less polar | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Generation time: Is the time interval between two cell divisions or the time required for a bacterium to give rise to two daughter cells. It is also known as population doubling time. The generation time of lepra bacillus is 12 to 13 days on an average. Good to know: M. tuberculosis has generation time of 15-20 hours a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Good pasture syndrome Type II Hypersensitivity reaction. Auto Ab against glomerular basement membrane - type IV collagen Affects kidneys & lung causing hematuria & hemoptysis Characterized by linear deposits. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Pulse Echo Technique is used in Ultrasound, which sho-duration Ultrasound pulses are transmitted into the region to be studied, and Echo signals resulting from scattering and reflection are detected and displayed. The depth of a reflective structure is inferred from the delay between pulse transmission and echo recepti... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Significance of ω3 fatty acid
Decrease the risk of Cardiovascular Disease.
Appear to replace arachidonic acid in platelet membranes.
Lower the production of Thromboxane and tendency of the platelet aggregation.
Promote the synthesis of less inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes, hence they are anti inflammatory.
... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Plasmids are circular DNA molecule present in the cytoplasm of bacteria, capable of autonomous replication (independent replicons). By their ability to transfer genes from one cells to another , plasmids have become impoant vectors in genetic engineering . Plasmids may also be seen in yeasts, which are eukaryotes . pla... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Radiographic signs of Intussusception: 1. Target sign 2. Crescent sign 3. Absent liver edge sign (also called the absence of the subhepatic angle) 4. Bowel obstruction 5. May have a normal x-ray The corkscrew sign describes the spiral appearance of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum seen in midgut volvulus. It ha... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) Medullary caMedullary Cancer Thyroid:* 5% of thyroid cancers* Arises from Parafollicular C cells which are derived from Ultimobranchial Bodies.* Mc Site is supero lateral* C cells secrete CALCITONIN* Secretes ACTH, Serotonin, Calcitonin, CEA, Histaminidases, PG E2 and PGF2 Alpha.* FNAC showing amyloid is diagn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Titin is responsible for the elasticity of the muscle present in hea and skeletal muscle Actin and myosin are regarded as contractile proteins Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:86,87 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Subcortical dementia is seen in parkinsonism, Huntington's disease, Wilson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, idiopathic basal ganglion calcification (Fahr's disease), thalamic lesions, multiple sclerosis, HIV associated dementia and multisystem atrophy.
Alzheimer's disease causes cortical dementia. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tumor lysis * HLA complex consists of three separate clusters of genes :-1) Class I (MHC-I)# It comprising of A, B and C loci (i.e. HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C). It is found on the surface of all nucleated cells and platelets.# Important cells with MHC-I (HLA-I) on surface are B-cells, T-cells, macrophages/mo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cocaine is a sympathomimetic (and thus antimuscarinic) local anaesthetic and thus adrenaline should not be added to it. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Burkholderia can be differentiated from Pseudomonas by it's resistance to polymyxin, As polymyxin B is used for treating Psedomonas infection | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Also known as attempted suicide/ pseudocide. Mostly seen in psychological disturbances. Conscious, impulse, manipulative act to get rid of an intolerable situation. POISONING ( drug ingestion )is the most common form. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Image guided biopsy Friends don't get surprised! I have checked it from various textbooks. These are the lines from David Sutton ? - Some 40% of solitary pulmonary nodules are malignant with other common lesions being granulomas & benign tumors. - CT scan is most sensitive imaging modality available for identifi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Assessment of child for presence of Heart disease The Assessment of a child for the presence or absence of heart disease can be done with the help of some guidelines suggested by NADA. These guidelines are called NADA's criteria.NADA's criteriao The Assessment of a child for the presence or absence of... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
D i.e. Lumbar | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Colipase Lipase requires colipase which prevents inactivation of lipase by bile salts. For fat digestion, following are required :- Pancreatic lipase, colipase, bile-salts activated lipase, cholesterol ester hydrolase, and phospholipase A2. Trypsin is also involved indirectly as it activates inactive ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Both of the above | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
After 1-2 weeks of GnRH agonist therapy, estrogen and progesterone levels start to decline. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- B. EDTACommonly used anti coagulants are-EDTAHeparinSodium citrateOxalatesSodium fluorideSodium iodoacetate | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans-A | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Gastric freezingRef.: Harrison 18thed, / 2598* Endoscopy followed by endoscopic variceal ligation should be performed.* Balloon tamponade with Sengstaken Blakemore tube or Minnesota tube can be used in patients who cannot get endoscopic therapy immediately or who need stabilization prior to endoscopic therapy.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The basic measure for infant and child survival is under-5 mortality (No. of deaths under the age of 5 years per thousand live births) The index calculated as : | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. D: Myasthenia gravis Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves in which antibodies form against acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic postsynaptic receptors at the myoneural junction. A reduction in the number of ACh receptors results in a characteristic pattern of progressively ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Paneth cells, located in the basal poion of the intestinal crypts below the stem cells, are exocrine cells with large, eosinophilic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm. The granules contain the bactericidal enzyme lysozyme, an arginine-rich protein, and zinc. Paneth cell granules undergo exocytosis to release ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The anthrax bacillus is one of the largest of pathogenic bacteria which is gram-positive and non-acid fast. it is present in soil, it does form spores, infection of animals is spores from the soil. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and panicker&;s; 10th edition; Page no: 248 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Molecular analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes has revealed that Sjogren's syndrome, regardless of the patient's ethnic origin, is highly associated with the HLA DQA1*0501 allele. Reference: Harrison 19th edition PG: 2166 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Key comment:
In broad face type(brachycephalic) patient with mild crowding, if expansion is possible, it is the first line of treatment of choice rather than extraction. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A i.e. Is located at the right border of ascending aoa S.A node is located at the junction of superior venacave with right atriumQ just deep to the epicardium, near the superior end of sulcus terminalis and AV node is located in the right postero-inferior region of interatrial septum near the opening of coronary sinus. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The velocity of conduction through a nerve fiber is directly proportional to the thickness of the axon.
Thickest and fastest is A fibers. Among A fibers, the thickest is Aα. Hence the maximum affected by pressure will be Aα. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CHF - |CO -|GFR | activate RAAS | | Aldosterone - TBW||, Salt| - Hypervolemic Hyponatremia Hypovolemic hyponatremia - Diarrhoea Euvolemic hypnonatremia Hypothyroidism, Glucocoicoid deficiency SIADH | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Foramen of Munro Most common site of subependymal astrocytoma is Foramen of monro. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
TREATMENT Benztropine Benzodiazepine Vitamin E Ondansean clozapine Ref. kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 925 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Hamstring Muscles( Biceps femoris long head, semitendinous, semimembranous, and adductor magnus) causes flexion at knee joint and Extension at Hip Joint. Hip flexion and knee Extension by quadriceps femoris muscle Hip and knee Flexion by saorious | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Not significant | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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