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Acute Salpingitis with peritonitis is seen in stage 2 of PID. Stages of PID: Stage Condition Stage I Acute salpingitis without peritonitis - no adhesions Stage II Acute Salpingitis with peritonitis - Purulent discharge Stage III Acute salpingitis with superimposed tubal occlusion or tubo-ovarian complex Stage IV Ruptur... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In a bimodal series, Mode = 3 Median -2 mean In the given question, mean is 2 and median is 3 Thus Mode = 3(3) -2(2) = 9 - 4 = 5 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The vessel which needs to be ligated in a patient with a bleeding peptic ulcer is gastroduodenal aery. Anteriorly placed ulcers tend to perforate posterior duodenal ulcers tend to bleed by eroding into the gastroduodenal aery." | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Swine flu is caused by swine-origin H1N1 virus. Of the 15 HA subtypes found in birds, only a few have been transferred to mammals (H1, H2, H3, and H5 in humans; H1 and H3 in swine; and H3 and H7 in horses). The same pattern holds for NA; nine NA subtypes are known for birds, only two of which are found in humans (N1, N... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. Tremor | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Otic capsule (also called bony labyrinth) has three layers: outer periosteal, inner endosteal and the middle bony. The bony layer which develops from cartilage and for some unknown reason bone of the otic capsule is absorbed and replaced by spongy vascular bone which later becomes sclerotic due to deposition of calcium... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Cranberry juice Mechanism of prevention of UTI: Proanthocyanidis in cranberry juice prevent bacterial fimbriae from attaching to wall of Urinary Bladder and urinary tract Ref: How cranberry juice can prevent Urinary tract Infections, Science daily, July 21,2008) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is b i.e. Decreased ovulation Several mechanisms account for a potential reduced risk of upper-genital-tract infection in users of progestin releasing IUDs. First, the local effect of progestin on cervical mucus make it thick and relatively impenetrable to bacteria. Since uterine bleeding is eventually greatly dec... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer kDT 7/e p 567 Diazoxide vasodilator used for hypeension, smooth muscle relaxing activity. Minoxidil vasodilator used for hypeension, also used to treat hair loss. Nicorandil vasodilator used to treat angina. Pinacidil.... Aprikalim. Bimakalim. Cromakalim. Diazoxide. Emakalim. Levcromakalim. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vitamin K o Recently it has been found that Vitamin K (especially) K2 also improves calcium deposition in bone as it activates osteocalcin (produced by osteoblasts), which is needed for calcium trapping. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In this case, firstly we will do TVS to look for G-sac and cardiac activity to rule in or rule out Pregnancy. A TVS would also confirm bility, since the patient has presented with bleeding pv which could be a sign of an aboion. Method Gestational Sac Cardiac activity TVS 4+ weeks 5+ weeks TAS 5+ weeks 6+weeks | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer- A. Maintain uniformity in the repoing of imaging findings of various breast diseasesBIRADS stands for Breast Imaging-Repoing and Data System. It's a quality assurance tool developed by American college of Radiology.The system is designed to standardize both the repoing of imaging findings and the recommendation... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Management of transverse lie and IUD is done best by ceserean section and others like evisceration and decapitation | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
A frontal headache is usually severe and localized over affected sinus. It shows characteristic periodicity, ie. comes upon waking, gradually increases and reaches its peak by about midday and then stas subsiding. It is also called " an office headache" because of its presence during the office hours. (Ref: Textbook of... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Osteochondroma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Is Consistantly present in a given population group Endemic disease o It refers to constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographic area or population group, without impoation from outsite.o In other words "Endemicity is defined as the usual or expected frequency of the dis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Teratomas are tumors having various cellular or organoid components reminiscent of the normal derivatives of more than one germ layer. Teratomas are AKA "Dermoid Cyst" Gross appearance is heterogeneous with solid, sometimes Cailaginous, and cystic areas. Teratomas are composed of a heterogeneous, helter-skelter collect... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (C) Snow bankingREF: Khurana 4th ed p. 216"Snow banking is seen in pars planitis not acute angle closure glaucoma"Optic disc changes in POAG include:High cup:disc ratioCup:disc ratio asymmetry between eyes (usually considered significant if greater than 0.2)Vertical elongation of cupFocal neuro-retinal rim thin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Earliest complaint : burning sensation
Earliest sign : blanching | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Most common hea disease in Turner syndrome is Bicuspid aoic valve, followed by coarctation of aoa | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed of myoepithelial cells and ductal cells which have a varied arrangement. Morphologically, three growth patterns have been described: cribriform (classic), tubular, and solid (basaloid). The tumors are categorized according to the predominant pattern.
The cribriform pattern shows ba... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Paial Thickness (Thiersch) or Split Skin Graft Consist of epidermis and variable poion of dermisQ Site: Thigh (MC)Q upper arm, flexor aspect of forearm and abdominal wall Grafts are hairless and do not sweatQ (these structures are not transferred) MC causes of skin graft failure: Hematoma (or seroma), infection, and mo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Listeria shows tumbling motility. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Expression of methicillin resistance in staph aureus increases when it is incubated at 37degC on blood agar(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 204 and 8th/e, p. 197; Harrison, 18th/e/p. 1168 and 17th/e, p. 879, 880)b-lactamase production is controlled by plasmid.About Option 'A'"Approximately 75% of the i... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Adolescence: Stage of transmission from childhood to adulthood. During this stage, there will be an appearance of sexual characters with changes in cognition and psychology. Adolescence refers to this entire process, pubey refers to the physical aspect. Age 10-19 year is considered as a period of adolescence and pubey ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
PEFR declines with age. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Stones are common in submandibular gland due to thick secretions. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANS. DLet us analyze this question by looking at each option.Option A is a correct statement, but inability to induce inflammation is not the cause for transformation into hepatocellular carcinoma.Option B is not definitely the cause for HCC as elevated transaminases does not have anything to do with HCC.Option C is no... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Reversal agent Anticholinesterase Agent: Neostigmine- it is reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor . This inhibition is present at all cholinergic synapses so has potent parasympathetic activity. Thus given, accompanied with Atropine/ glycoprolate. MOA- It inactivates the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which is respons... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Medical etiquette deals with the conventional laws of couesy observed between members of the medical profession. A doctor should behave with his colleagues as he would have them behave with himself. Ethical behaviour is a self-imposed duty upon each doctor. A doctor should not criticise or denigrate the professional ab... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
All of the above | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
TRANSDUCTION: the trannsfer of a poion of the DNA from one bacterium to another by a abactriophage is known as transduction. Bacteriophages are viruses that parasitise the bacteria and consist of a nucleic acid core and a protein coat. a phage paicle may have its core beside its own nucleic acid a segment of hostDNA. W... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Stomach CARef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. ch 63/1050* Tumour of the stomach may spread via the abdominal cavity to the umbilicus (Sister Josephs nodule).* The ovaries may sometimes be the sole site of transcoelomic spread (Krukenbergs tumours). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) AlanineREF: Harper 27th ed chapter 3Repeat Biochemistry December 2010 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
(D) Fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus # Prosopagnosia: Perceptual information about faces and objects initially is encoded in primary (striate) visual cortex and adjacent (upstream) peristriate visual association areas.> This information subsequently is relayed first to the downstream visual association areas of occipit... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer Robbins page no 1054 Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for 80% to 90% of "single gene" familial breast cancers and about 3% of all breast cancers. Penetrance (the percentage of carriers who develop breast cancer) varies from 30% to 90% depending on the specific mutation present. Mutations in BRCA1 also... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (d) Pernicious anemiaRef: Robbin's pathology 9th ed. /764* Anti-parietal cell antibodies are found in patients with the autoimmune disease known as pernicious anemia.* The anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies are found in patients with Wegener granulomatosis.* Wegener granulomatosis may also present with pulmo... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e. decreased calcium | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Thyroglossal cyst is managed by Sistrunk operation in which the cyst is completely excised along with the thyroglossal tract. Since the thyroglossal tract is intimately related to the hyoid bone, the central poion of the hyoid bone is also removed. Ref : S. Das Op. Surgery 4/e p201 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
COPD presents with Hypoxic Hypoxia. Hypoxic hypoxia is the most common form of hypoxia seen clinically. The diseases that cause it can be roughly divided into those in which the gas exchange apparatus fails, those such as congenital hea disease in which large amounts of blood are shunted from the venous to the aerial s... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Acute tubular necrosis: - Muddy brown granular or tubular epithelial cell casts- FENa > 1%- UNa > 20 mmol/L- SG < 1.015 Ref: Harrison's 17/e p1757 table 273-2 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. b (Follicular). (Ref. Bailey and Love, 25th/797; Harrison's Medicine 16th/pg.2125)There are 4 main types of thyroid carcinoma:# Papillary carcinoma (lymphadenopathy and lateral aberrant thyroid, psammoma bodies & Orphan Annie eyed nuclei)# Follicular and hurthle cell carcinoma (May develop in patients with multino... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is all Increased CA-125 levels Malignant Non-malignant * Ovary * Pregnancy * Fallopian tube * Endometriosis * Endometrium * PID * Cervix * Uterine * Breast fibroids * Lung * Pancreas * Colon | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Balantidium coli is the largest of the human intestinal protozoa. It can produce a spectrum of large-intestinal disease called as balantidiasis. Infective cysts can be transmitted from person to person and through water, but many cases are due to the ingestion of cysts derived from porcine feces. Many patients remain a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e.. All of above o Chilaiditi's syndrome : Condition characterised by inter position of small or large bowel between liver and right diaphragm.Radiologically it gives gas under diaphragm.o Iatrogenic pneumoperitoneum : Certain procedure like peritoneal dialysis, Iatrogenically air pushed before putting PD... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Three doses of DPT each of which is usually 0.5 ml should be considered optimal for primary immunization. It is associated with higher and more sustained levels of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin and acceptable level of peussis protection i.e vaccine efficiency 70 percent. (refer pgno 162 park 23 rd edition) | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Antidote for paracetamol poisoning is Acetylcysteine. Reference: Harrison20th edition pg 789 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. Enterovirus Acute Haemorrhagic Conjunctivitis or Apollo Conjunctivitis or Jai Bangla Conjunctivitis or Epidemic haemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by picorna virus family (usually enterovirus 70)Q. But occasionally Coxsackie virus A-24 or adenovirus //Q also leads to this. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Carboxylation of glutamate is the role of VitK in epoxide cycle. Vitamin K is necessary for coagulation. Factors dependent on vitamin K are Factor II (prothrombin); Factor VII (SPCA); Factor IX (Christmas factor); Factor X (Stua Prower factor) All these factors are synthesized by the liver as inactive zymogens. They un... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'b' i.e., PreeclampsiaPreeclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome of reduced organ perfusion secondary to vasospasm and endothelial activation characterized by BP 140/90 mm Hg after 20 weeks of gestation and proteinuria 300 mg per 24 h after 20th week in a previously normotensive and nonproteinuric patient. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Malignant mesothelioma of pleura
Malignant mesothelioma in the thorax arise from either the visceral or the parietal pleura.
It is associated with exposure to asbestos.
Simian virus 40 (SV40) viral DNA has also been associated with malignant mesothelioma.
Morphology
Malignant mesothelioma is a diffuse lesion that ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
"Presence of Suprasellar midline calcification immediately suggests the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma". Craniopharyngioma is the most common cause of suprasellar calcification. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Blood supply to medulla oblongata is provided by veebral aery and its branches such as anterior spinal aery, posterior spinal aery and posterior inferior cerebellar aery. Anterior spinal aery supplies anterior and medial aspect of medulla oblongata. Posterior spinal aery supplies lateral aspect of medulla. PICA runs be... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Teiary structure of a protein results from hydrogen bonding, di sulfide linkage, ionic bonds between polar amino acids, and interaction between hydrophobic R groups. Teiary structure of a protein develops after the secondary structure is established. It refers to how the amino acid chain bends or fold in three dimensio... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stable angina(Ref: KDT Vh/e p. 554; Cardiac drug development guide by Micheal Pugsley p. 381)IvabradineIt is an investigational inhibitor ofsino-atrial node.It is a relatively selective If(funny current) Sodium channel blocker of early pa of slow diastolic depolarization (phase 4) that reduces hea rat... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
In early stages of labor pain is mainly uterine in origin . Distributed along the cutaneous nerve distribution T10 - L1 In later stages pain is due to dilatation of cervix referred to back through sacral plexus | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. B: SpleenIn the white pulp, the T-cells areas surround the central aeries, forming the periaeriolar sheath (PALS)White pulpThe white pulp consists of lymphatic tissue surrounding aeries and nodules also associated with aeries.The nodules can be distinguished because of the aeries (central aeries).The lymphatic tis... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
CA125 is a glycoprotein that is not produced by normal ovarian epithelium, but may be produced by both benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Most commonly, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level measurements and/or transvaginal sonography have been used for screening of ovarian tumors in suspected individuals. Ref: Hoffman B.... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Oil red 0 Congo red is not used in lipid staining. It is used in the staining of amyloid protein. STANING FOR LIPIDS Non polar lipids Example Stain used * Unconjugated lipids Fatty acids III & IV Oil red 0, Sudan black Sudan Cholesterol Filipin * Esters Cholesteryl esters Schultz Monodi and Tri-glycerides Calcium lipas... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Zymogen * Proteolytic digestive enzymes known as proteases have two main classes depending on specificity for the amino acids forming the peptide bond to be hydrolysed. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
on A child with severe dehydration will have at least two of the following four signs: sensorium is abnormally sleepy or lethargic, sunken eyes, drinking poorly or not at all, and a very slow skin pinch.
A child with some signs of dehydraon will have two of the following: restlessness or irritability, sunken eyes, dri... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Refer Robbins page no 1029 Benign teratomas are bilateral in 10% to 15% of cases. Characteristically they are unilocular cysts containing hair and sebaceous material (Fig. 22-38). Sectioning reveals a thin wall lined by an opaque, gray-white, wrinkled epidermis, frequently with protruding hair shafts. Within the wall, ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
C i.e. K | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Infection of genital tract which occurs as a complication of delivery is termed puerperal sepsis Puerperium lasts until 6 weeks after delivery Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 406. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Complications of radial head excision in children :
Proximal migration of radius with inferior radio - ulnar (distal radio - ulnar) joint instability.
Postero-lateral instability.
Cubitus valgus deformity. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Dissociative Disorders Types Dissociative fugue Multiple persona
I -' disorder Dissociative amnesia Trance & possession disorder Ganser’ssyndrome (found in prison inmates) Characterized by Onset is sudden,
disturbance is temporary & recovery' is often abrupt Disturbance in the normally integrated functions of conciuosn... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Answer is A (Mitral valve repair or replacement) "Surgical treatment of severe MR should be considered even in asymptomatic patients or those with mild symptoms whose LV dysfunction is progressive with LV ejection fraction declining below 60%" | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Avoidant Personality disorderso ClustorA: Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal.o Clustor B: Antisocial (Dissocial), Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderlineo Clustor C: Anxious (avoidant). Dependent, obsessive - compulsive (anankastic). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
SCHIZOPHRENIA:- Eugen Bleuler coined the term "Schizophrenia. which replaced dementia praecox in scientific literature. Bleuler proposed four symptoms which he called as fundamental (or primary) symptoms of schizophrenia. These symptoms are also known as 4 A's of Bleuler. They include: A. Autistic thinking and behavior... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The intraembryonic mesoderm splits into –
Paraxial – forms Somites.
Intermediate plate - give rise to the Genital & Urinary system
Lateral plate - encloses a cavity called the intraembryonic coelom, which further forms the pericardial, peritoneal & pleural cavities. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
<p> Iron deficiency anemia is much more common in women between the age of 20 & 45 yrs than in men.The onset of this anemia is generally slow .The usual symptoms are weakness ,fatigue ,palpitations ,dyspnoea on exeion & pallor of skin, sclera & mucous membrane.</p><p>Also MCV will be less than 80fl in iron deficiency a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Management of variceal bleeding In addition to pharmacologic therapy endoscopy should be carried out as soon as possible If varices are found they are treated with either endoscopic ligation or sclerotherapy EVL is the treatment of choice for variceal bleeding Endoscopic scleropathy Variceal bleeding suspected based on... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The presence of spores of Clostridium perfringens in a natural water suggests that faecal contamination has occured, and their presence in the absence of the coliform group, suggests that faecal contamination has occured at some remote time. Its presence in filtered supplies may indicate deficiency in filtration practi... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cadaveric spasm Cadaveric spasm (instantaneous rigor) is defined as the condition wherein a group of muscles, which were in contraction or spasm at the time of death, continue to be in spasm even after death, without the stage of primary relaxation. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., With chronic infection urease breath test become negative . Urea breath test is the most consistently accurate test for diagnosis of H. Pylori infection. . It is useful for follow-up after treatment, as it becomes negative after treatment. . In chronic infection it remains positive. About other option... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is dephosphorylated to pyruvate, by pyruvate kinase. First PEP is made into a transient intermediary of enol pyruvate; which is spontaneously isomerized into keto pyruvate, the stable form of pyruvate.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ed, pg 108 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Glaucoma | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans: dRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 1347- 1348 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
• Folliculitis, carbuncles and furuncles are all types of localized (superficial) skin infections that fall under the category of boils.
• Hair follicles serve as portals for a number of bacteria, although S. aureus is the MC cause of localized folliculitis. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
MC indication for splenectomy: TraumaQ MC indication for elective splenectomy : ITPQ Indications for Splenectomy Splenectomy always indicated: Primary splenic tumorQ Hereditary spherocytosisQ Splenectomy rarely indicated: Chronic leukemia Splenic lymphoma Splenectomy usually indicated: Primary hypersplenismQ Chronic IT... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sarcoidosiso Kveim test (Nickerson-kveim or Kveim-Siltzbach test) was a skin test used to detect sarcoidosis.o It is not used know. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
The presence of a Battle's sign and hemotympanum is highly suggestive of the possibility of a left temporal bone fracture. When this occurs, it is common for the dura mater at this site to be torn. This leads to leakage of CSF into the mastoid air cells and middle ear. CSF is subsequently able to reach the nasopharynx ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Child below 1 year Good Prognostic factors for children with ALL. Age at diagnosis: Children between the ages of 1 and 9 with B-cell ALL tend to have better cure rates. Low Initial white blood cell (WBC) count: Subtype of ALL: Children with pre-B, common, or early pre-B-cell ALL generally do better th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hea Most common --> Kidney o Second most common --> Hea | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Well-differentiated astrocytomas are poorly defined, gray, infiltrative tumors that expand and disto the invaded brain without forming a discrete mass (Fig. 22-28, A). Infiltration beyond the grossly evident margins is always present. The cut surface of the tumor is either firm or soft and gelatinous; cystic degenerati... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. All of the above | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Solar uicaria is commonly found in women under the age of 30 years. Solar uicaria is an idiopathic disorder induced by ultraviolet light especially UVB. It is characterized by whealing within 5 -10 minutes of exposure to sunlight . Patients also complaints of irritating burning sensation of skin, followed by erythema a... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Red (Ref: Sabiston 19/e p609-610)Triage means 'to sort,' involves prioritizing victims into categories based on their severity of injury, likelihood of survival, and urgency of careQ. Red color is given first priority and signifies a critical patientQ.TriageTriage means 'to sort,' involves prioritizing victims ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
ANSWER: (D) MyoglobinREF: Physiology and pathology of the urine by john dixon p-49Red color urine may be due to hemoglobin or myoglobin, in the question clue is given that patient is an athlete who competed in an event which lead to sternous exercise and hence increased myoglobin in the urine. | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Seidel's scotoma: With the passage of time paracentral scotoma joins the blind spot to form a sickle shaped scotoma known as Seidel's scotoma. Ref:-A K KHURANA; pg num:-219 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. (b) E.coliRef: Harrison's 17/e /1820-1823 | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Zika Virus Zika virus (RNA virus) is flavivirus. Reservoir- monkeys Vector - Aedes aegyptii Transmission Transplacental and sexual transmission Transfusion of blood and blood products, organ transplantation. Clinical Features Mainly asymptomatic; 10-15% have symptoms of dengue fever-like illness. Clinical symptoms are ... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Condylomata lata are a manifestation of secondary syphilis. The treatment is intramuscular injection of penicillin. They are distinguished from condylomata acuminata; in that the latter are velvety and filiform in appearance and are result of infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ethambutol (E) Ethambutol is selectively tuberculostatic and clinically as active as S. Fast multiplying bacilli are more susceptible as are many atypical mycobacteria. Added to the triple drug regimen ofRHZ it has been found to hasten the rate of sputum conversion and to prevent development of resistance Patient accep... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Physiological leukocytosis (i.e.,increase in the number of circulating leucocytes in the absence of infection or tissue injury) has no clinical significance. It is seen in the following conditions: 1. Normal infants: The count may be as high as 18-20,000/mm3 but it returns to normal level within 1-2 years. 2. Food inta... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. A: Nasal Bones Nasal fracture is the most common facial fracture, and the third most common fracture of the skeleton overall. However, because many fractures are subclinical and many others are associated with multiple trauma, a high percentage are not diagnosed or treated at the time of injury. These often lead t... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Intracellular fluid contains 2/3 of body water.Under steady-state conditions the intracellular osmolarity and extracellular osmolarity are equal. If there was a difference ,water would diffuse until they were equal .The intracellular compament does have a higher concentration of organic anions, mainly proteins, then th... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 40cm * 2nd constriction is at T4 level where arch of aorta crosses esophagus.Esophageal constrictionsNumberDistance from incisorBony levelAnatomical landmark1st15 cm (6 inches)C6At its beginning (pharyngo-esophageal junction)2nd22.5 cm (9 inches)T4Crossing of aortic arch3rd27.5 cm (11 inches)T6Crossin... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Most common site for genitourinary TB is kidney. Tuberculosis of the urinary tract arises from haematogenous infection from a distant focus that is often impossible to identify.Hence it is almost always secondary TB . Lesions usually confined to one kidney. A group of tuberculous granulomas in a renal pyramid coalesces... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
Ans. a. Asterixis ('Ref: Harrison 19/e p1782, 2066. 1774. 18/e p199. 2259)The presence of asterixis on the motor examination is nonspecific but usually indicates a metabolic or toxic etiology of the delirium. In a drowsy and confused patient, bilateral asterixis is a certain sign of metabolic encephalopathy or drug int... | openlifescienceai/medmcqa |
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