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to your other device, like your phone.
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Google has its password manager.
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Microsoft has its credential manager.
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And there's certainly other options as well.
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The takeaway for today, though, should be
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that if you're not using a password manager,
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it's probably time to start doing so, at least for your most important accounts,
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maybe things that are particularly personal, medical, financial, anything
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where you or your family would really be upset if that account were somehow
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compromised.
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At least figure out how to start migrating those kinds of accounts
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to a password manager and also enable some of our other best practices,
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like two-factor authentication.
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Better yet, don't just enable two-factor authentication.
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Don't use SMS if you can.
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Instead use like a native application on your phone or even a physical key fob
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just to decrease the probability of those threats.
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And I would encourage you, too, because it's
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one thing to sit in on a class like this and be like, oh, yeah,
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I should do that.
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But then it just feels like so much work to go and change all hundreds
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or thousands of my accounts.
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Again, take baby steps.
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Bite off the easiest, most important accounts first.
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And over time, the next time you log in to that other website,
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OK, go ahead and change the password to something better,
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put it in the password manager, and be done with it.
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The next time you go to another website, do it that one.
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You can do these things incrementally because, again, with this advice,
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I'm just trying to help you personally strike this balance between usability
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and security because if your takeaway is I
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have to go change 1,000 passwords tonight,
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you might not realistically do it.
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So better would be to change a few of them and chip
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away at this problem over time.
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Let me pause here and see if there are any questions.
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AUDIENCE: If a password manager tool is so helpful, so
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why we are using antivirus for websites?
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DAVID MALAN: Oh, so you should certainly be using antivirus for other reasons
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that we'll talk about in another class.
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Viruses, worms, and malware can do any number of bad things,
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including encrypting your data, deleting your data,
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sending spam from your computer.
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There's many reasons you want to run it instead.
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However, if you have malware, like a virus on your computer,
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and it's logging all of your keystrokes, theoretically you
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could still be vulnerable to attack if they are also
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logging your two-factor code maybe because you
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get distracted you don't hit Enter fast enough, and they can use that too.
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It's a lower probability threat.
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It's a theoretical one.
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But also in the interest of best practices,
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you don't want any software on your computer
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that could be doing bad things anyway.
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You just want to raise the bar as much as you can to these adversaries
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without making your own accounts unusable.
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Another question.
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AUDIENCE: Oh, yeah.
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I had a question about social engineering, if that's fine.
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And we know that the rise of the AI technology, now AI
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can record your voice and sample it.
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And that could be a real threat in social engineering
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because now someone can mimic your boss and call you
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or someone can mimic your voice and call your bank.
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So is there a way to combat this?
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Or is there any technology to prevent this from happening?
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DAVID MALAN: That's a really good question and another piece
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of advice I should reflect back.
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If on any of your accounts, particularly bank accounts,
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you are using voice recognition technology, whereby
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when you set up the account, you were prompted
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to say a phrase into the phone, for instance, to evoke an old movie
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called Sneakers-- my voice is my password-- you should
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disable those features and stop using them,
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assuming there's an alternative, like two-factor authentication, whereby
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they send you a push notification to an app or the like.
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Reason being, exactly that, is you've probably seen in this age of AI,
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there are technologies called deepfakes whereby you can generate video,
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but also audio of people.
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This is very commonly done for celebrities, for politicians,
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and voices that you see a lot on the internet.
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But it would not be that hard if someone has access to voice recordings of you
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to use some software or some app to generate
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saying, my voice is my password, even though you might not
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have said that since the time you set up the account.
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And so your accounts, too, might be compromised.
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So my own advice there would be don't use voice-based recognition anymore,
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if there's a better alternative available.
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Other questions?
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AUDIENCE: Doesn't having one password manager,
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so figuratively keeping all your keys in one safe,
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defeat the purpose of having different passwords?
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Because if you lose that one key to your key safe, all is gone.
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DAVID MALAN: It's a really good intuition,
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and that's exactly the trade off to think about.
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I would consider in deciding for yourself,
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if you want to take that advice, what the alternative is.
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Because if you're using pretty easy-to-guess passwords everywhere,
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this is probably a net positive to move to a password manager instead.
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If you're reusing the same password on a lot of websites and apps,
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