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wiki_10800_chunk_0 | Non-random segregation of chromosomes | In the lecanoid mode, the chromosomes form a "double metaphase plate" with all maternal chromosomes on one side and all paternal chromosomes on the other. (In the normal case, chance rules here.) In anaphase, the two complete sets then step apart, each forming its own daughter nucleus. Since meiosis II is not associate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10801_chunk_0 | Scenario paintball | Props almost always have specific rules written about them by the scenario producers. For example, rules pertaining to the aforementioned box of explosives may specify that only specific role-players (such as demolitions, engineers, etc.) of the game may handle or operate the prop, and that if taken to the enemy base t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10802_chunk_0 | Scuba set | Another button opens a valve to deflate the BCD and decrease the volume of the equipment and causes the diver to lose buoyancy. Some BCDs allow for integrated weight, meaning that the BCD has special pockets for the weights that can be dumped easily in case of an emergency. The function of the BCD, while underwater, is... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10803_chunk_0 | Section restoration | In most section restorations there is an element of backstripping and decompaction. This is necessary to adjust the geometry of the section for the compactional effects of later sediment loading. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10804_chunk_0 | Kayenta Sandstone | But in many sections the contact between the two formations is unconformable; the basal Kayenta consists of conglomerate and lenticular sandstone that fills depressions eroded in the underlying beds. In Moqui Canyon near Red Cone Spring nearly 10 feet (3.0 m) of Kayenta limestone conglomerate rests in a long meandering... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10805_chunk_0 | Large-cell carcinoma | In most series, LCLC's comprise between 5% and 10% of all lung cancers.According to the Nurses' Health Study, the risk of large cell lung carcinoma increases with a previous history of tobacco smoking, with a previous smoking duration of 30 to 40 years giving a relative risk of approximately 2.3 compared to never-smoke... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10806_chunk_0 | Bankruptcy problem | In generalized problems of claims with priorities, equal treatment of equals is required to hold for agents in each priority class, but not for agents in different priority classes. Equal treatment of equal groups: stronger than ETE: two subsets of claimants with the same total claim should get the same total allocatio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10807_chunk_0 | Blunt-force trauma | In most settings, the initial evaluation and stabilization of traumatic injury follows the same general principles of identifying and treating immediately life-threatening injuries. In the US, the American College of Surgeons publishes the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines, which provide a step-by-step approach t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10808_chunk_0 | Blunt-force trauma | This is sometimes described as the "A, B, C's"—Airway, Breathing, and Circulation—and is the first step in any resuscitation or triage. Then, the history of the accident or injury is amplified with any medical, dietary (timing of last oral intake) and history, from whatever sources such as family, friends, previous tre... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10809_chunk_0 | Blunt-force trauma | The amount of time spent on diagnosis should be minimized and expedited by a combination of clinical assessment and appropriate use of technology, such as diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL), or bedside ultrasound examination (FAST) before proceeding to laparotomy if required. If time and the patient's stability permits... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10810_chunk_0 | Blunt-force trauma | Its disadvantages include the time taken to acquire images, although this gets shorter with each generation of scanners, and the removal of the patient from the immediate view of the emergency or surgical staff. Many providers use the aid of an algorithm such as the ATLS guidelines to determine which images to obtain f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10811_chunk_0 | Silicon–oxygen tetrahedron | In most silicates, silicon atom occupies the center of an idealized tetrahedron whose corners are four oxygen atoms, connected to it by single covalent bonds according to the octet rule. The oxygen atoms, which bears some negative charge, link to other cations (Mn+). This Si-O-M-O-Si linkage is strong and rigid, which ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10812_chunk_0 | Evolutionarily Stable Strategy | In most simple games, the ESSes and Nash equilibria coincide perfectly. For instance, in the prisoner's dilemma there is only one Nash equilibrium, and its strategy (Defect) is also an ESS. Some games may have Nash equilibria that are not ESSes. For example, in harm thy neighbor (whose payoff matrix is shown here) both... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10813_chunk_0 | Cell lists | In most simulations, periodic boundary conditions are used to avoid imposing artificial boundary conditions. Using cell lists, these boundaries can be implemented in two ways. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10814_chunk_0 | Zinc concentrate | In most single-tablet, over-the-counter, daily vitamin and mineral supplements, zinc is included in such forms as zinc oxide, zinc acetate, zinc gluconate, or zinc amino acid chelate.Generally, zinc supplement is recommended where there is high risk of zinc deficiency (such as low and middle income countries) as a prev... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10815_chunk_0 | Escape velocity | In most situations it is impractical to achieve escape velocity almost instantly, because of the acceleration implied, and also because if there is an atmosphere, the hypersonic speeds involved (on Earth a speed of 11.2 km/s, or 40,320 km/h) would cause most objects to burn up due to aerodynamic heating or be torn apar... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10816_chunk_0 | Wrapped distribution | The unknown integer a ′ {\displaystyle a'} introduces an ambiguity into the expected value of f ( θ ) {\displaystyle f(\theta )} , similar to the problem of calculating angular mean. This can be resolved by introducing the parameter z = e i θ {\displaystyle z=e^{i\theta }} , since z {\displaystyle z} has an unambiguous... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10817_chunk_0 | Wrapped distribution | This concept can be extended to the multivariate context by an extension of the simple sum to a number of F {\displaystyle F} sums that cover all dimensions in the feature space: p w ( θ → ) = ∑ k 1 , . . . , k F = − ∞ ∞ p ( θ → + 2 π k 1 e 1 + ⋯ + 2 π k F e F ) {\displaystyle p_{w}({\vec {\theta }})=\sum _{k_{1},...,k... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10818_chunk_0 | Genetic isolate | In most situations, highly specialized species are constrained to a small portion of the accessible environment, characterized by extremely isolated populations. This ecological specialization, and consequently geographical constraint of indigenous populations is frequently accompanied by a reduction in gene flow, resu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10819_chunk_0 | Genetic isolate | Specific rare, monogenic disorders get enhanced, and families with numerous sick members become common enough to be employed in locus-identifying linkage analyses. Besides that, most cases are caused by the same mutation, and diseased alleles expose the linkage of disequilibrium with molecular markers over strong genet... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10820_chunk_0 | Orbital data | In most situations, relativistic effects can be neglected, and Newton's laws give a sufficiently accurate description of motion. The acceleration of a body is equal to the sum of the forces acting on it, divided by its mass, and the gravitational force acting on a body is proportional to the product of the masses of th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10821_chunk_0 | Demand elasticity | In most situations, such as those with nonzero variable costs, revenue-maximizing prices are not profit-maximizing prices. For these situations, using a technique for Profit maximization is more appropriate. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10822_chunk_0 | Time to digital converter | Coarse counters base on a reference clock with signals generated at a stable frequency f 0 {\displaystyle f_{0}} . When the start signal is detected the counter starts counting clock signals and terminates counting after the stop signal is detected. The time interval T {\displaystyle T} between start and stop is then T... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10823_chunk_0 | Molar heat capacity | In most solids (but not all), the molecules have a fixed mean position and orientation, and therefore the only degrees of freedom available are the vibrations of the atoms. Thus the specific heat is proportional to the number of atoms (not molecules) per unit of mass, which is the Dulong–Petit law. Other contributions ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10824_chunk_0 | Molar heat capacity | Therefore, the heat capacity of a sample of a solid substance is expected to be 3RNa, or (24.94 J/K)Na, where Na is the number of moles of atoms in the sample, not molecules. Said another way, the atom-molar heat capacity of a solid substance is expected to be 3R = 24.94 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1, where "amol" denotes an amount of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10825_chunk_0 | Molar heat capacity | One way to look at this result is to observe that the monatomic gas can only store energy as kinetic energy of the atoms, whereas the solid can store it also as potential energy of the bonds strained by the vibrations. The atom-molar heat capacity of a polyatomic gas approaches that of a solid as the number n of atoms ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10826_chunk_0 | Ion conductivity | In most solids, ions rigidly occupy fixed positions, strongly embraced by neighboring atoms or ions. In some solids, selected ions are highly mobile allowing ionic conduction. The mobility increases with temperature. Materials exhibiting this property are used in batteries. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10827_chunk_0 | Ion conductivity | A well-known ion conductive solid is β''-alumina ("BASE"), a form of aluminium oxide that has channels through which sodium cations can hop. When this ceramic is complexed with a mobile ion, such as Na+, it behaves as so-called fast ion conductor. BASE is used as a membrane in several types of molten salt electrochemic... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10828_chunk_0 | Gender balance | In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the population.It is generally divided into four subdivisions: primary sex ratio — ratio at fertilization secondary sex ratio — ratio at birth tertiary sex ratio — ratio in sexually mature organismsThis is equivalent to the adult sex ratio (ASR), whi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10829_chunk_0 | Ontogenetic stage | In most species, the young organism that is just born or hatched is not sexually mature yet and in most animals, this young organism looks quite different than the adult form. This young organism is the larva and is the intermediate form before metamorphosing into an adult. A well known example of a larval form of an a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10830_chunk_0 | Ontogenetic stage | Caterpillars keep growing and feeding in order for enough energy during the pupal stage, when necessary body parts for metamorphosis are grown. The juvenile phase is different in plants and animals, but in plants juvenility is an early phase of plant growth in which plants can't flower. In animals, the juvenile stage i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10831_chunk_0 | Ontogenetic stage | In humans, puberty marks the end of this stage and adolescence follows. Some species begin puberty and reproduction before the juvenile stage is over, such as in female non-human primates. The larval and pupal stages can be seen in the figure to the right. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10832_chunk_0 | Certified reference materials | In most stability studies, real-time or accelerated, a few units of the reference material are tested at intervals. If the measurement system used for testing the materials is not perfectly stable, this can generate imprecise data or can be mistaken for instability of the material. To overcome these difficulties, it is... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10833_chunk_0 | Phantom rings | In most studies, a majority of cell phone users report experiencing occasional phantom vibrations or ringing, with reported rates ranging from 29.6% to 89%. Once every two weeks is a typical frequency for the sensations, though a minority experience them daily. Some individuals may be seriously bothered by the sensatio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10834_chunk_0 | Subglacial lake | In most surface ecosystems, photosynthetic plants and microbes are the main primary producers that form the base of the lake food web. Photosynthesis is impossible in the permanent darkness of subglacial lakes, so these food webs are instead driven by chemosynthesis. In subglacial ecosystems, chemosynthesis is mainly c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10835_chunk_0 | Subglacial lake | Common elements used by chemolithoautotrophs in subglacial ecosystems include sulfide, iron, and carbonates weathered from sediments.In addition to mobilizing elements from sediments, chemolithoautotrophs create enough new organic matter to support heterotrophic bacteria in subglacial ecosystems. Heterotrophic bacteria... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10836_chunk_0 | Subglacial lake | Slow heterotrophic growth rates could also be explained by the cold temperatures in subglacial lakes, which slow down microbial metabolism and reaction rates.The variable redox conditions and diverse elements available from sediments provide opportunities for many other metabolic strategies in subglacial lakes. Other m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10837_chunk_0 | Gross Domestic Product deflator | In most systems of national accounts the GDP deflator measures the ratio of nominal (or current-price) GDP to the real (or chain volume) measure of GDP. The formula used to calculate the deflator is: G D P d e f l a t o r = N o m i n a l G D P R e a l G D P × 100 {\displaystyle \operatorname {GDP\ deflator} ={\frac {\o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10838_chunk_0 | Gross Domestic Product deflator | The price in the base year is normalized to 100. For example, for computer hardware, we could define a "unit" to be a computer with a specific level of processing power, memory, hard drive space and so on. A price deflator of 200 means that the current-year price of this computing power is twice its base-year price - p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10839_chunk_0 | Gross Domestic Product deflator | A price deflator of 50 means that the current-year price is half the base year price - price deflation. This can lead to a situation where official statistics reflect a drop in real prices, even though they nominally have stayed the same. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10840_chunk_0 | Metal L-edge | In most systems, bonding between a ligand and a metal atom can be thought of in terms of metal-ligand covalent bonds, where the occupied ligand orbitals donate some electron density to the metal. This is commonly known as ligand-to-metal charge transfer or LMCT. In some cases, low-lying unoccupied ligand orbitals (π*) ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10841_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | In most systems, metal probes (electrodes) are inserted into the ground to obtain a reading of the local electrical resistance. A variety of probe configurations are used, most having four probes, often mounted on a rigid frame. In these systems, two of the probes, called current probes, are used to introduce a current... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10842_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | In general, greater probe spacings yield greater depth of investigation, but at the cost of sensitivity and spatial resolution.Early surveys (beginning in the mid 20th century) often used the Wenner array, which was a linear array of four probes. These were arranged current-voltage-voltage-current, at equal distances a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10843_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | While quite sensitive, this array has a very wide span for its depth of investigation, leading to problems with horizontal resolution. A number of experimental arrays attempted to overcome the shortcomings of the Wenner array, the most successful of these being the twin-probe array, which has become the standard for ar... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10844_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | These fixed remote probes are connected to the mobile survey probes by a trailing cable. This configuration is very compact for its depth of investigation, resulting in superior horizontal resolution. The logistical advantage of the more compact array is somewhat offset by the trailing cable. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10845_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | A disadvantage of the systems described above is a relatively slow rate of survey. One solution to this has been wheeled arrays. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10846_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | These use spiked wheels or metal disks as electrodes, and may use a square array (a variation of the Wenner array) to avoid the encumbrance of a trailing cable. Wheeled arrays may be towed by vehicles or by human power.Systems having long linear arrays of many electrodes are often used in geological applications, and l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10847_chunk_0 | Electrical resistance survey | Data collected in this way may be used for tomography, or generating vertical profiles.Capacitively coupled systems that do not require direct physical contact with the soil have also been developed. These systems are capable of tomographic studies as well as mapping horizontal patterning. They may also be used on hard... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10848_chunk_0 | Percentile dice | X is the number of faces of each dice.For example, if a game calls for a roll of d4 or 1d4, it means "roll one 4-sided die." If the final number is omitted, it is typically assumed to be a six, but in some contexts, other defaults are used. 3d6 would mean "roll three six-sided dice." | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10849_chunk_0 | Percentile dice | Additionally, notation such as AdX−L is not uncommon, the L (or H, less commonly) being used to represent "the lowest result" (or "the highest result"). For instance, 4d6−L means a roll of 4 six-sided dice, dropping the lowest result. This application skews the probability curve towards the higher numbers, as a result ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10850_chunk_0 | Home advantage | In many team sports in North America (including baseball, basketball, and ice hockey), playoff series are often held with a nearly equal number of games at each team's site. However, as it is usually beneficial to have an odd number of matches in a series (to prevent ties), the final home game is often awarded to the t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10851_chunk_0 | Darwin–Fowler method | In most texts on statistical mechanics the statistical distribution functions f {\displaystyle f} in Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics, Fermi–Dirac statistics) are derived by determining those for which the system is in its state of maximum probability. But one really requires those with average or... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10852_chunk_0 | Darwin–Fowler method | Since the method employs a selector variable (a factor introduced for each element to permit a counting procedure) the method is also known as the Darwin–Fowler method of selector variables. Note that a distribution function is not the same as the probability – cf. Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, Bose–Einstein distribu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10853_chunk_0 | Darwin–Fowler method | Total energy E {\displaystyle E} and total number of elements N {\displaystyle N} are then given by E = ∑ i n i ε i {\displaystyle E=\sum _{i}n_{i}\varepsilon _{i}} and N = ∑ n i {\displaystyle N=\sum n_{i}} . The Darwin–Fowler method has been treated in the texts of E. Schrödinger, Fowler and Fowler and E. A. Guggenhe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10854_chunk_0 | Supersolid | In most theories of this state, it is supposed that vacancies – empty sites normally occupied by particles in an ideal crystal – lead to supersolidity. These vacancies are caused by zero-point energy, which also causes them to move from site to site as waves. Because vacancies are bosons, if such clouds of vacancies ca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10855_chunk_0 | Supersolid | A coherent flow of vacancies is equivalent to a "superflow" (frictionless flow) of particles in the opposite direction. Despite the presence of the gas of vacancies, the ordered structure of a crystal is maintained, although with less than one particle on each lattice site on average. Alternatively, a supersolid can al... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10856_chunk_0 | Photon | In most theories up to the eighteenth century, light was pictured as being made up of particles. Since particle models cannot easily account for the refraction, diffraction and birefringence of light, wave theories of light were proposed by René Descartes (1637), Robert Hooke (1665), and Christiaan Huygens (1678); howe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10857_chunk_0 | Photon | The Maxwell wave theory, however, does not account for all properties of light. The Maxwell theory predicts that the energy of a light wave depends only on its intensity, not on its frequency; nevertheless, several independent types of experiments show that the energy imparted by light to atoms depends only on the ligh... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10858_chunk_0 | Photon | Similarly, electrons can be ejected from a metal plate by shining light of sufficiently high frequency on it (the photoelectric effect); the energy of the ejected electron is related only to the light's frequency, not to its intensity.At the same time, investigations of black-body radiation carried out over four decade... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10859_chunk_0 | Photon | Although he accepted the validity of Maxwell's theory, Einstein pointed out that many anomalous experiments could be explained if the energy of a Maxwellian light wave were localized into point-like quanta that move independently of one another, even if the wave itself is spread continuously over space. In 1909 and 191... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10860_chunk_0 | Photon | The pivotal question then, was how to unify Maxwell's wave theory of light with its experimentally observed particle nature? The answer to this question occupied Albert Einstein for the rest of his life, and was solved in quantum electrodynamics and its successor, the Standard Model. (See § Quantum field theory and § A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10861_chunk_0 | Photon | Einstein's 1905 predictions were verified experimentally in several ways in the first two decades of the 20th century, as recounted in Robert Millikan's Nobel lecture. However, before Compton's experiment showed that photons carried momentum proportional to their wave number (1922), most physicists were reluctant to be... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10862_chunk_0 | Photon | (See, for example, the Nobel lectures of Wien, Planck and Millikan.) Instead, there was a widespread belief that energy quantization resulted from some unknown constraint on the matter that absorbed or emitted radiation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10863_chunk_0 | Photon | Attitudes changed over time. In part, the change can be traced to experiments such as those revealing Compton scattering, where it was much more difficult not to ascribe quantization to light itself to explain the observed results.Even after Compton's experiment, Niels Bohr, Hendrik Kramers and John Slater made one las... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10864_chunk_0 | Photon | In the BKS theory, energy and momentum are only conserved on the average across many interactions between matter and radiation. However, refined Compton experiments showed that the conservation laws hold for individual interactions. Accordingly, Bohr and his co-workers gave their model "as honorable a funeral as possib... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10865_chunk_0 | Photon | Nevertheless, the failures of the BKS model inspired Werner Heisenberg in his development of matrix mechanics.A few physicists persisted in developing semiclassical models in which electromagnetic radiation is not quantized, but matter appears to obey the laws of quantum mechanics. Although the evidence from chemical a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10866_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | A Quasi-Reference Electrode such as a silver/silver chloride wire electrode can be exposed directly to the analyte solution. In such situations there is concern that the analyte and trace redox products may interact with the reference electrode and either render it useless or increase drift. As a result, even these sim... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10867_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | The more complex references such as standard hydrogen electrode, saturated calomel electrode, or silver chloride electrode(specific concentration) can not directly mix the analyte solution for fear the electrode will fall apart or interact/react with the analyte. A bulk electrolysis is best performed in a three part ce... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10868_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | During bulk electrolysis, the analyte undergoes a redox event at the working electrode. If the system was open, then it would be possible for the product of that reaction to diffuse back to the auxiliary electrode and undergo the inverse redox reaction. In addition to maintaining the proper current at the working elect... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10869_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | In voltammetry experiments, the currents (amps) are so small and it is not a problem to decompose a small amount of solvent or electrolyte. In contrast, a bulk electrolysis involves currents greater by several orders of magnitude. At the auxiliary electrode, this greater current would decompose a significant amount of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10870_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | To mitigate this challenge the auxiliary cell will often contain a stoichiometric or greater amount of sacrificial reductant (ferrocene) or sacrificial oxidant (ferrocenium) to balance the overall redox reaction. For ideal performance the auxiliary electrode should be similar in surface area, as close as possible, and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10871_chunk_0 | Bulk electrolysis | Hot spots are the result of current following the path of least resistance. This means much of the redox chemistry will occur at the points at either end of the shortest path between the working and auxiliary electrode. Heating associated with the capacitances resistance of the solution can occur at the area around the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10872_chunk_0 | Potato virus Y | In most traditional PCRs the resulting products are analyzed after the PCR has been completed. This is called end-point analysis and is normally qualitative of nature rather than being quantitative. For this sort of analysis, products are mostly analyzed on an agarose gel and visualized using ethidium bromide as a fluo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10873_chunk_0 | Gauss–Markov model | In most treatments of OLS, the regressors (parameters of interest) in the design matrix X {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} } are assumed to be fixed in repeated samples. This assumption is considered inappropriate for a predominantly nonexperimental science like econometrics. Instead, the assumptions of the Gauss–Markov theo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10874_chunk_0 | Maximum sustained winds | The intensity of example hurricanes is derived from both the time of landfall and the maximum intensity. The tracking of individual clouds on minutely satellite imagery could be used in the future in estimating surface winds speeds for tropical cyclones.Ship and land observations are also used, when available. In the A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10875_chunk_0 | Technology tree | In most types of strategy games, the player needs particular buildings in order to research specific technologies or build specific advanced units (StarCraft, Total Annihilation), while in other games upgrades/technologies are unlocked through research of their parent technology research (Warzone 2100). In many TBS gam... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10876_chunk_0 | Integrating ADC | In most variants of the dual-slope integrating converter, the converter's performance is dependent on one or more of the circuit parameters. In the case of the basic design, the output of the converter is in terms of the reference voltage. In more advanced designs, there are also dependencies on one or more resistors u... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10877_chunk_0 | Integrating ADC | Some calibration can be performed internal to the converter (i.e., not requiring any special external input). This type of calibration would be performed every time the converter is turned on, periodically while the converter is running, or only when a special calibration mode is entered. Another type of calibration re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10878_chunk_0 | Integrating ADC | The voltage reference (or some voltage derived directly from the reference) can be used as the input to the converter. If the assumption is made that the voltage reference is accurate (to within the tolerances of the converter) or that the voltage reference has been externally calibrated against a voltage standard, any... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10879_chunk_0 | Vowel length | In the morpheme-final position only occurs (with the THOUGHT vowel being realized as ), so that all is always distinct from or . Before the intervocalic /l/ is the banned diphthong, though here either of the THOUGHT vowels can occur, depending on morphology (compare falling with aweless ).In cockney, the main diffe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10880_chunk_0 | Line lock | In most vehicles with rear drum brakes, two emergency brake/parking brake cables actuate the brake drums mechanically, but with much less force than is available through the primary hydraulic brake system. It is common for this type of system to work well when facing downhill but be unable to hold the vehicle stopped w... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10881_chunk_0 | Penetron | In most versions of the penetron the tube has an inner layer of red and outer layer of green, separated by a thin dielectric layer. A complete image is produced by scanning twice, once with the gun set to a lower power that is stopped in the red layer, and then again at a higher power that travels through the red layer... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10882_chunk_0 | Penetron | In this system a low-energy scanning beam was used, and magnets were set to cause the electrons to strike the sides of the multipliers. A shower of higher-energy electrons would then be released and travel to the layered phosphors of a normal penetron arrangement. It was later noticed that the beams emanating from the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10883_chunk_0 | Absorptive state | In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps: Ingestion: placing food into the mouth (entry of food ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10884_chunk_0 | Frontal bone | In most vertebrates, the frontal bone is paired, rather than presenting the single, fused structure found in humans (see frontal suture). It typically lies on the upper part of the head, between the eyes, but in many non-mammalian animals it does not form part of the orbital cavity. Instead, in reptiles, bony fish and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10885_chunk_0 | Lip | In most vertebrates, the lips are relatively unimportant folds of tissue lying just outside the jaws. However, in mammals, they become much more prominent, being separated from the jaws by a deep cleft (a notable exception being the naked mole-rat, whose lips close behind the front teeth). They are also more mobile in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10886_chunk_0 | Skeletal system | The segmental pattern of the skeleton is present in all vertebrates, with basic units being repeated, such as in the vertebral column and the ribcage.Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They provide structural support for the body, assist in movement by opposing muscular contractio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10887_chunk_0 | Skeletal system | The hollow tubular structure of bones provide considerable resistance against compression while staying lightweight. Most cells in bones are either osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or osteocytes.Bone tissue is a type of dense connective tissue. One of the types of tissue that makes up bone tissue is mineralized tissue and thi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10888_chunk_0 | Skeletal system | Cartilage is also used in vertebrates to resist stress at points of articulation in the skeleton. Cartilage in vertebrates is usually encased in perichondrium tissue. Ligaments are elastic tissues that connect bones to other bones, and tendons are elastic tissues that connect muscles to bones. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10889_chunk_0 | High-Efficiency Video Coding | In most ways, HEVC is an extension of the concepts in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Both work by comparing different parts of a frame of video to find areas that are redundant, both within a single frame and between consecutive frames. These redundant areas are then replaced with a short description instead of the original pixels.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10890_chunk_0 | High-Efficiency Video Coding | Effective use of these improvements requires much more signal processing capability for compressing the video, but has less impact on the amount of computation needed for decompression. HEVC was standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC), a collaboration between the ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T Stu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10891_chunk_0 | Extension method | In most ways, the VB.NET solution is similar to the C# solution above. However VB.NET has a unique advantage in that it allows members to be passed in to the extension by reference (C# only allows by value). Allowing for the following; Because Visual Basic allows the source object to be passed in by reference it is pos... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10892_chunk_0 | Small tumor antigen | In most well-studied polyomaviruses, STag improves the efficiency of viral proliferation but is not essential. SV40 and murine polyomavirus STags appear to have a role in promoting host cell expression of genes under the control of certain types of promoters. This function is mediated by the J domain, presumably indire... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10893_chunk_0 | Economic inequality | In most western democracies, the desire to eliminate or reduce economic inequality is generally associated with the political left. One practical argument in favor of reduction is the idea that economic inequality reduces social cohesion and increases social unrest, thereby weakening the society. There is evidence that... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10894_chunk_0 | Protein misfolding disease | In most, if not all proteinopathies, a change in the 3-dimensional folding conformation increases the tendency of a specific protein to bind to itself. In this aggregated form, the protein is resistant to clearance and can interfere with the normal capacity of the affected organs. In some cases, misfolding of the prote... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10895_chunk_0 | Protein misfolding disease | The likelihood that proteinopathy will develop is increased by certain risk factors that promote the self-assembly of a protein. These include destabilizing changes in the primary amino acid sequence of the protein, post-translational modifications (such as hyperphosphorylation), changes in temperature or pH, an increa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10896_chunk_0 | Angular jerk | In motion control, the design focus is on straight, linear motion, with the need to move a system from one steady position to another (point-to-point motion). The design concern from a jerk perspective is vertical jerk; the jerk from tangential acceleration is effectively zero since linear motion is non-rotational. Mot... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10897_chunk_0 | Angular jerk | ISO 18738 specifies measurement methods for elevator ride quality with respect to jerk, acceleration, vibration, and noise; however, the standard does not specify levels for acceptable or unacceptable ride quality. It is reported that most passengers rate a vertical jerk of 2 m/s3 as acceptable and 6 m/s3 as intolerabl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10898_chunk_0 | Angular jerk | A primary design goal for motion control is to minimize the transition time without exceeding speed, acceleration, or jerk limits. Consider a third-order motion-control profile with quadratic ramping and deramping phases in velocity (see figure). This motion profile consists of the following seven segments: Acceleratio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10899_chunk_0 | Angular jerk | If this distance is so small that omitting segment four would not suffice, then segments two and six (constant acceleration) could be equally reduced, and the constant velocity limit would not be reached. If this modification does not sufficiently reduce the crossed distance, then segments one, three, five, and seven c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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