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wiki_10900_chunk_0 | Pin registration | In motion picture cameras, the pin(s) hold the film immovable during exposure. In certain "professional" motion picture cameras and "step" printers, there may be two registration pins: one is called the "big pin" and it is employed for primary (axial and lateral) registration while the other one is called the "little p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10901_chunk_0 | Pin registration | To further improve registration accuracy, the perforations which are utilized for registration are never used for film advancement (i.e., for pull-down). The above description applies to "professional" applications, which is generally taken to mean film gauges larger than 16mm (i.e., 35mm and 65/70mm). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10902_chunk_0 | Pin registration | For 16mm, only, a modified strategy is generally employed, at least for "step" printers which utilize 1R (single-row) perforations. The lower pin, the "big pin", will be fully fitting in the axial and lateral dimensions but the upper pin, the "little pin", will be fully fitting in the lateral dimension only, for the sa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10903_chunk_0 | Sound Design | In so doing, it allowed those who called themselves sound designers to compete for contract work and to negotiate higher salaries. The position of Sound Designer therefore emerged in a manner similar to that of Production Designer, which was created in the 1930s when William Cameron Menzies made revolutionary contribut... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10904_chunk_0 | High Frame Rate | The field rate of analog television and video systems was typically 50 or 60 fields per second. Usage of frame rates higher than 24 fps for feature motion pictures and higher than 30 fps for other applications are emerging trends. Filmmakers may capture their projects in a high frame rate so that it can be evenly conve... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10905_chunk_0 | Assembly cut | But Eisenstein did not always do his own editing, and some of his most important films were edited by Esfir Tobak.A montage sequence consists of a series of short shots that are edited into a sequence to condense narrative. It is usually used to advance the story as a whole (often to suggest the passage of time), rathe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10906_chunk_0 | Soap opera | In motion pictures, the 1982 comedy Tootsie has the lead character impersonating a woman in order to gain acting work on a long running television soap opera. Several scenes parody the production of soaps, their outrageous storylines and idiosyncratic stylistic elements. The 1991 comedy Soapdish stars Sally Field as an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10907_chunk_0 | Soap opera | The dream experience is an increasingly outrageous exaggeration of soap opera plot elements. On television, several soap opera parodies have been produced: The Carol Burnett Show (1967–1978) featured a recurring skit, "As the Stomach Turns", that spoofed the American soap opera As the World Turns. The first season of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10908_chunk_0 | Soap opera | The title was based on the long-running soap opera Love of Life, and its announcer Ken Roberts was also the announcer on Love of Life. Two of the most famous U.S. parodies were the series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman (1976–1977) and Soap (1977–1981), the latter of which was a weekly sitcom/soap opera parody. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10909_chunk_0 | Soap opera | Let The Blood Run Free (1990–1994) was an Australian parody of medical drama series. The 1990–1991 ABC drama Twin Peaks was a prime time series that poked fun at the genre. Episodes during the series' first season also included a fictional soap within the stories, titled Invitation to Love. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10910_chunk_0 | Soap opera | South African comedian Casper de Vries produced the soap opera parody Haak en Steek (which ran from 2003 to 2004), based on South African soaps like Egoli: Place of Gold. The now-cancelled ABC soap opera One Life to Live would often poke fun at the genre as well, even featuring a soap within the soap called Fraternity ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10911_chunk_0 | Soap opera | A special episode that aired on December 19, 2011, featured the cast of One Life to Live acting out an episode of Fraternity Row in a dream of Roxy's; the episode poked fun at both One Life to Live and the entire genre itself, featuring many soap opera stereotypes such as overacting, outrageous story lines, bad casting... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10912_chunk_0 | Soap opera | The ABC comedy drama Desperate Housewives (which ran from 2004 to 2012) was a semi-satirical nighttime series that took many elements from the genre. The Fox broadcast show Futurama has a recurring spoof of All My Children called All My Circuits. The Adult Swim animated series Tender Touches, which premiered in 2017, i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10913_chunk_0 | Drag reduction system | In motor racing, the drag reduction system (DRS) is a form of driver-adjustable bodywork aimed at reducing aerodynamic drag in order to increase top speed and promote overtaking. It is an adjustable rear wing of the car, which moves in response to driver commands. DRS often comes with conditions, such as the requiremen... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10914_chunk_0 | Drag reduction system | The use of DRS is an exception to the rule banning any moving parts whose primary purpose is to affect the aerodynamics of the car. The system is also used in the Formula Renault 3.5 since 2012, Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since 2013, Super Formula since 2014, GP2 Series later FIA Formula 2 Championship since 2015, GP... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10915_chunk_0 | Structural skin | In motor racing, the safety of the driver depends on the car body, which must meet stringent regulations, and only a few cars have been built with monocoque structures. An aluminum alloy monocoque chassis was first used in the 1962 Lotus 25 Formula 1 race car and McLaren was the first to use carbon-fiber-reinforced pol... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10916_chunk_0 | Air bag vest | Independent research found that current airbags are effective and provide significant impact protection, but only under 30 mph. Initial investigation by ADAC found: “Increased protection potential is primarily only effective in accidents up to 50 Km/h.” In 2019, Thierry Serre et al. published more in-depth research (in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10917_chunk_0 | Safety car | A safety car is also preferred over restarting the race (red flag) as the latter takes longer. During a caution period, the safety car (which generally consists of an aptly modified high-performance production car) enters the track ahead of the leader. Depending on the regulations in effect, competitors are not normall... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10918_chunk_0 | Accident data recorder | In motorsport, accident data recorders (ADR) must be used in various series as specified by the FIA. Starting with the 2015 season, the use of an ADR in the Formula 4 championship was compulsory. In the higher series, the use has been mandatory for some time. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10919_chunk_0 | Accident data recorder | In addition to the data of the acceleration sensors mounted on the vehicle, the loads on the driver are also measured with an in-ear accelerometer.Due to the higher speeds in formula sports compared to road traffic, the sensors have a measuring range of ± 150 g with a resolution of 0.1 g. 2 s are recorded before an eve... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10920_chunk_0 | Racing setup | In motorsport, the racing setup, car setup or vehicle setup is the set of adjustments made to the vehicle in order to optimize its behaviour (performance, handling, reliability, etc.) for specific conditions. Vehicle setups are variable for a variety of reasons, ranging from weather, driver/rider preference and race tr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10921_chunk_0 | Run-off area | In motorsports racing, there is a concept called the racing line. This is defined in lay terms as the optimal path around a race course that will allow the racer to complete a lap in the least possible time with the highest possible average speed. The racing line is a function of the track's layout and the combination ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10922_chunk_0 | Tire wars | In motorsports, a tire war occurs when more than one manufacturer provides tires for a motorsports series. Historically, tire wars have occurred in many high-level series, such as Formula One, NASCAR, Super GT, and MotoGP. Tire wars are a controversial practice: on the one hand, they promote technical innovation, forci... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10923_chunk_0 | Line of greatest slope | In mountain biking the line of greatest slope defines the fall line, which is the path a trail will follow to descend a hill or mountain with the shortest path, and will also cause the rider to gain the most velocity (assuming brakes are not used, and other factors such as rolling resistance are equal). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10924_chunk_0 | Death zone | All 14 peaks above 8000 m in the death zone are located in the Himalaya and Karakoram of Asia. Many deaths in high-altitude mountaineering have been caused by the effects of the death zone, either directly by loss of vital functions or indirectly by wrong decisions made under stress, or physical weakening leading to ac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10925_chunk_0 | Regulatory B cell | In mouse models, IL-10-producing Bregs have been shown to control autoimmune diabetes. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the evidence suggests that IL-10–producing Bregs are numerically and functionally defective in patients compared to healthy donors. Bregs in T1D have decreased production of IL-10 and are unable to suppress ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10926_chunk_0 | Dedifferentiation | In mouse myotubes, dedifferentiation was induced upon the suppression of two tumor suppressor genes, encoding the retinoblastoma protein and alternative reading frame protein. These murine primary myotube cells then exhibited a decrease in differentiated cardiomyocyte gene expression, an increase in proliferation, and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10927_chunk_0 | Hoiamides | In mouse neocortical neurons, hoiamide A acts as a partial agonist to site two of the mammalian voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC). In electrically excitable cells VGSC allow the influx of sodium that causes the rising phase of the action potential. Hoiamide A stimulated sodium influx with EC50 of 1.7 micromolar in mo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10928_chunk_0 | Hoiamides | A full agonist of VGSC site two, batrachotoxin, was then used to determine to what extent hoiamide A acted as an agonist. The experiments demonstrated that hoiamide A is a partial agonist because the maximum sodium influx hoiamide A binding caused was less than that of batrachotoxin. Another study found that hoiamide A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10929_chunk_0 | Pluripotent stem cell | In mouse primordial germ cells, genome-wide reprogramming leading to totipotency involves erasure of epigenetic imprints. Reprogramming is facilitated by active DNA demethylation involving the DNA base excision repair enzymatic pathway. This pathway entails erasure of CpG methylation (5mC) in primordial germ cells via ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10930_chunk_0 | Nodal signaling | In mouse, frog and fish, Dapper2, is a negative regulator of mesoderm formation acting through the down-regulation of the Wnt and TGFβ / nodal signaling pathways. In zebrafish, nodal is known to activate the gene expression of dapper2. In the cell surface Dapper2 tightly binds to the active form of the activin type 1 r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10931_chunk_0 | Nodal signaling | Dapper2 overexpression mimics nodal co-receptor loss of function because nodal signal cannot be transduced and therefore it produces less mesoderm. In the mouse embryo, dpr2 mRNA is located across all the embryo 7.5 days post conception (dpc) however its location changes at 8.5-dpc where it is observed at the prospecti... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10932_chunk_0 | Position-effect variegation | In mouse, variegating coat colour has been observed. When an autosomal region carrying a fur color gene is inserted onto the X chromosome, variable silencing of the allele is seen. Variegation is, however, observed only in the female having this insertion along with a homozygous mutation in the original coat color gene... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10933_chunk_0 | Optical rectenna | In moving up to a greater production scale, laboratory processing steps such as the use of electron beam lithography are slow and expensive. Therefore, a roll-to-roll manufacturing method was devised using a new manufacturing technique based on a master pattern. This master pattern mechanically stamps the precision pat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10934_chunk_0 | Standard Tibetan | This contrasts with Tibetan schools in Dharamsala, India, where the Ministry of Human Resource Development curriculum requires academic subjects to be taught in English from middle school. Literacy and enrollment rates continue to be the main concern of the Chinese government. Much of the adult population in Tibet rema... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10935_chunk_0 | Join (sigma algebra) | In much of probability, especially when conditional expectation is involved, one is concerned with sets that represent only part of all the possible information that can be observed. This partial information can be characterized with a smaller σ-algebra which is a subset of the principal σ-algebra; it consists of the c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10936_chunk_0 | Join (sigma algebra) | Since you and your opponent are each infinitely wealthy, there is no limit to how long the game can last. This means the sample space Ω must consist of all possible infinite sequences of H {\displaystyle H} or T: {\displaystyle T:} However, after n {\displaystyle n} flips of the coin, you may want to determine or revis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10937_chunk_0 | Latex condom | As conspiracy beliefs about AIDS grow in a given sector of these black men, consistent condom use drops in that same sector. Female use of condoms was not similarly affected.In the African continent, condom promotion in some areas has been impeded by anti-condom campaigns by some Muslim and Catholic clerics. Among the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10938_chunk_0 | Passive survivability | In much of the developed world, there is a heavy reliance on a grid for power and gas. These grids are the main source of energy for many societies, and while they generally do not get interrupted, they are constantly prone to events that may cause disruption, such as natural disasters. In California, there have even b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10939_chunk_0 | Plantago maritima | In much of the range it is strictly coastal, growing on sandy soils. In some areas, it also occurs in alpine habitats, along mountain streams. Some of the physiology and metabolism of this species has been described, of particular note is how the metabolism of this species is altered with elevated atmospheric carbon di... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10940_chunk_0 | Calcium chloride | In much of the world, calcium chloride is derived from limestone as a by-product of the Solvay process, which follows the net reaction below: 2 NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2North American consumption in 2002 was 1,529,000 tonnes (3.37 billion pounds). In the US, most of calcium chloride is obtained by purification from... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10941_chunk_0 | Moving coil meter | In much the same way as the analogue ammeter formed the basis for a wide variety of derived meters, including voltmeters, the basic mechanism for a digital meter is a digital voltmeter mechanism, and other types of meter are built around this. Digital ammeter designs use a shunt resistor to produce a calibrated voltage... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10942_chunk_0 | Anyon | As a rule, in a system with non-abelian anyons, there is a composite particle whose statistics label is not uniquely determined by the statistics labels of its components, but rather exists as a quantum superposition (this is completely analogous to how two fermions known to have spin 1/2 are together in quantum superp... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10943_chunk_0 | Localized cicatricial pemphigoid | In mucous membrane pemphigoid, the autoimmune reaction occurs in the skin, specifically at the level of the basement membrane, which connects the lower skin layer (dermis) to the upper skin layer (epidermis) and keeps it attached to the body. When the condition is active, the basement membrane is dissolved by the antib... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10944_chunk_0 | Self-play (reinforcement learning technique) | In multi-agent reinforcement learning experiments, researchers try to optimize the performance of a learning agent on a given task, in cooperation or competition with one or more agents. These agents learn by trial-and-error, and researchers may choose to have the learning algorithm play the role of two or more of the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10945_chunk_0 | Bretagnolle–Huber inequality | In multi-armed bandit, a lower bound on the minimax regret of any bandit algorithm can be proved using Bretagnolle–Huber and its consequence on hypothesis testing (see Chapter 15 of Bandit Algorithms). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10946_chunk_0 | Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol | In multi-drop mode the analog loop current is fixed at 4 mA and it is possible to have more than one instrument on a signal loop. HART revisions 3 through 5 allowed polling addresses of the instruments to be in the range 1–15. HART revision 6 allowed addresses 1 to 63; HART revision 7 allows addresses 0 to 63. Each ins... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10947_chunk_0 | Pump-probe microscopy | In multi-exponential fitting, the time-resolved curves are fitted with an exponential decay model to determine the decay constants. While this method is straightforward, it has low accuracy. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10948_chunk_0 | Adaptive quality of service multi-hop routing | In multi-hop networks, Adaptive Quality of Service routing (AQoS or AQR) protocols have become increasingly popular and have numerous applications. One application in which it may be useful is in Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET). Adaptive QoS routing is a cross-layer optimization adaptive routing mechanism. The cross-l... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10949_chunk_0 | Ion sources | In multi-photon ionization (MPI), several photons of energy below the ionization threshold may actually combine their energies to ionize an atom. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a form of MPI in which one or more of the photons accesses a bound-bound transition that is resonant in the atom or molec... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10950_chunk_0 | Swap space | In multi-programming or in a multi-user environment, many users may execute the same program, written so that its code and data are in separate pages. To minimize RAM use, all users share a single copy of the program. Each process's page table is set up so that the pages that address code point to the single shared cop... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10951_chunk_0 | Job Control Language | In multi-step jobs, a later step can use a referback instead of specifying in full a file which has already been specified in an earlier step. For example: Here, MYPR02 uses the file identified as NEWFILE in step MYPR01 (DSN means "dataset name" and specifies the name of the file; a DSN could not exceed 44 characters).... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10952_chunk_0 | Coenzymes and cofactors | In multicellular eukaryotes, cells in different organs and tissues have different patterns of gene expression and therefore have different sets of enzymes (known as isozymes) available for metabolic reactions. This provides a mechanism for regulating the overall metabolism of the organism. For example, hexokinase, the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10953_chunk_0 | Gas exchange | Other multicellular organisms such as sponges (Porifera) have an inherently high surface area, because they are very porous and/or branched. Sponges do not require a circulatory system or specialised gas exchange organs, because their feeding strategy involves one-way pumping of water through their porous bodies using ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10954_chunk_0 | Gas exchange | They can therefore rely on diffusion across their cell membranes to carry out the gas exchange needed for respiration.In organisms that have circulatory systems associated with their specialized gas-exchange surfaces, a great variety of systems are used for the interaction between the two. In a countercurrent flow syst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10955_chunk_0 | Gas exchange | This is the situation seen in the gills of fish and many other aquatic creatures. The gas-containing environmental water is drawn unidirectionally across the gas-exchange surface, with the blood-flow in the gill capillaries beneath flowing in the opposite direction. Although this theoretically allows almost complete tr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10956_chunk_0 | Gas exchange | and dead-end air-filled sac systems found in the lungs of mammals. In a cocurrent flow system, the blood and gas (or the fluid containing the gas) move in the same direction through the gas exchanger. This means the magnitude of the gradient is variable along the length of the gas-exchange surface, and the exchange wil... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10957_chunk_0 | Loss-of-function mutation | In multicellular organisms with dedicated reproductive cells, mutations can be subdivided into germline mutations, which can be passed on to descendants through their reproductive cells, and somatic mutations (also called acquired mutations), which involve cells outside the dedicated reproductive group and which are no... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10958_chunk_0 | Loss-of-function mutation | A heterozygous mutation is a mutation of only one allele. A homozygous mutation is an identical mutation of both the paternal and maternal alleles. Compound heterozygous mutations or a genetic compound consists of two different mutations in the paternal and maternal alleles. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10959_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. They are the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. They are found in both embryonic and adult organisms,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10960_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | In mammals, roughly 50–150 cells make up the inner cell mass during the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, around days 5–14. These have stem-cell capability. In vivo, they eventually differentiate into all of the body's cell types (making them pluripotent). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10961_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | This process starts with the differentiation into the three germ layers – the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm – at the gastrulation stage. However, when they are isolated and cultured in vitro, they can be kept in the stem-cell stage and are known as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Adult stem cells are found in a few sele... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10962_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | They exist to replenish rapidly lost cell types and are multipotent or unipotent, meaning they only differentiate into a few cell types or one type of cell. In mammals, they include, among others, hematopoietic stem cells, which replenish blood and immune cells, basal cells, which maintain the skin epithelium, and mese... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10963_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | As of 2016, the only established medical therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, first performed in 1958 by French oncologist Georges Mathé. Since 1998 however, it has been possible to culture and differentiate human embryonic stem cells (in stem-cell lines). The process of isolating these ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10964_chunk_0 | Stem-cell research | Sources for isolating ESCs have been restricted in some European countries and Canada, but others such as the UK and China have promoted the research. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a cloning method that can be used to create a cloned embryo for the use of its embryonic stem cells in stem cell therapy. In 2006, a Jap... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10965_chunk_0 | Phenoptosis | In multicellular organisms, worn-out and ineffective cells are dismantled and recycled for the greater good of the whole organism in a process called apoptosis. It is believed that phenoptosis is an evolutionary mechanism that culls out the damaged, aged, infectious, or those in direct competition with their own offspr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10966_chunk_0 | Phenoptosis | The elimination of parts detrimental to the organism or individuals detrimental to the species has been deemed "The samurai law of biology" – it is better to die than to be wrong.Stress-induced, acute, or fast phenoptosis is the rapid deterioration of an organism induced by a life event such as breeding. Elimination of... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10967_chunk_0 | Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing | In multicellular systems the function of each individual cell is impacted by their spatial location and surroundings. Thus, implementation of DBiT-seq to profile both mRNA and protein levels across a tissue in a spatial context could lead to a better understanding of many biological processes. DBiT-seq can be utilized ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10968_chunk_0 | Multichannel analyzer | In multichannel scaling (MCS) mode, the MCA records a pulse count-rate over time. Unlike PHA, MCS does not differentiate pulses of different amplitudes. Instead, the MCA records all measured counts in one channel for a set time interval (called the "dwell time"), then switches to the next channel to record the subseque... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10969_chunk_0 | Tunnel junctions | In multijunction photovoltaic cells, tunnel junctions form the connections between consecutive p-n junctions. They function as an ohmic electrical contact in the middle of a semiconductor device. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10970_chunk_0 | Multivector | In multilinear algebra, a multivector, sometimes called Clifford number, is an element of the exterior algebra Λ(V) of a vector space V. This algebra is graded, associative and alternating, and consists of linear combinations of simple k-vectors (also known as decomposable k-vectors or k-blades) of the form v 1 ∧ ⋯ ∧ v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10971_chunk_0 | Tensor reshaping | In multilinear algebra, a reshaping of tensors is any bijection between the set of indices of an order- M {\displaystyle M} tensor and the set of indices of an order- L {\displaystyle L} tensor, where L < M {\displaystyle L | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10972_chunk_0 | Tensor contraction | In multilinear algebra, a tensor contraction is an operation on a tensor that arises from the natural pairing of a finite-dimensional vector space and its dual. In components, it is expressed as a sum of products of scalar components of the tensor(s) caused by applying the summation convention to a pair of dummy indice... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10973_chunk_0 | Tensor contraction | In Einstein notation this summation is built into the notation. The result is another tensor with order reduced by 2. Tensor contraction can be seen as a generalization of the trace. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10974_chunk_0 | Tensor decomposition | In multilinear algebra, a tensor decomposition is any scheme for expressing a "data tensor" (M-way array) as a sequence of elementary operations acting on other, often simpler tensors. Many tensor decompositions generalize some matrix decompositions.Tensors are generalizations of matrices to higher dimensions (or rathe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10975_chunk_0 | Multilinear multiplication | In multilinear algebra, applying a map that is the tensor product of linear maps to a tensor is called a multilinear multiplication. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10976_chunk_0 | Mode-k flattening | In multilinear algebra, mode-m flattening, also known as matrixizing, matricizing, or unfolding, is an operation that reshapes a multi-way array A {\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}} into a matrix denoted by A {\displaystyle A_{}} (a two-way array). Matrixizing may be regarded as a generalization of the mathematical concep... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10977_chunk_0 | Linear Algebra | In multilinear algebra, one considers multivariable linear transformations, that is, mappings that are linear in each of a number of different variables. This line of inquiry naturally leads to the idea of the dual space, the vector space V* consisting of linear maps f: V → F where F is the field of scalars. Multilinea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10978_chunk_0 | Higher-order singular value decomposition | In multilinear algebra, the higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) of a tensor is a specific orthogonal Tucker decomposition. It may be regarded as one type of generalization of the matrix singular value decomposition. It has applications in computer vision, computer graphics, machine learning, scientific co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10979_chunk_0 | Higher-order singular value decomposition | Some aspects can be traced as far back as F. L. Hitchcock in 1928, but it was L. R. Tucker who developed for third-order tensors the general Tucker decomposition in the 1960s, further advocated by L. De Lathauwer et al. in their Multilinear SVD work that employs the power method, or advocated by Vasilescu and Terzopoul... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10980_chunk_0 | Canonical polyadic decomposition | In multilinear algebra, the tensor rank decomposition or the r a n k − R {\displaystyle rank-R} decomposition of a tensor is the decomposition of a tensor in terms of a sum of minimum R {\displaystyle R} r a n k − 1 {\displaystyle rank-1} tensors. This is an open problem. Canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) is a var... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10981_chunk_0 | Canonical polyadic decomposition | The CP decomposition has found some applications in linguistics and chemometrics. The CP rank was introduced by Frank Lauren Hitchcock in 1927 and later rediscovered several times, notably in psychometrics. The CP decomposition is referred to as CANDECOMP, PARAFAC, or CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP). PARAFAC2 rank decomposition... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10982_chunk_0 | IDN homograph attack | In multilingual computer systems, different logical characters may have identical appearances. For example, Unicode character U+0430, Cyrillic small letter a ("а"), can look identical to Unicode character U+0061, Latin small letter a, ("a") which is the lowercase "a" used in English. Hence wikipediа.org (xn--wikipedi-8... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10983_chunk_0 | Mandrel wrapping | In multimode fiber optics, mandrel wrapping is a technique used to preferentially attenuate high-order mode power of a propagating optical signal. Consequently, if the fibre is propagating substantial energy in affected modes, the modal distribution will be changed. A cylindrical rod wrap consists of a specified number... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10984_chunk_0 | Mandrel wrapping | If the launch fibre is fully filled ahead of the mandrel wrap, the higher-order modes will be stripped off, leaving only lower-order modes. If the launch fibre is underfilled, for example as a consequence of being energized by a laser diode or edge-emitting LED, there will be no effect on the mode power distribution or... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10985_chunk_0 | Mandrel wrapping | Numerical addition (in decibels) of the measured loss of multiple fibre segments and/or components overestimates the loss of the concatenated set if each segment or component has been measured with a full mode power distribution. In single mode optical fibre measurements, it is used to enforce true single mode propagat... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10986_chunk_0 | Mandrel wrapping | In this use, it is commonly termed a High Order Mode Filter (HOMF). Ultimately, the effect of mandrel wrapping on optical measurements depends on the propagating mode power distribution. An additional loss mechanism has no effect unless power is present in the affected modes. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10987_chunk_0 | Relative permeability | The subscript i {\displaystyle i} indicates that the parameters are for phase i {\displaystyle i} . k i {\displaystyle k_{i}} is here the phase permeability (i.e., the effective permeability of phase i {\displaystyle i} ), as observed through the equation above. Relative permeability, k r i {\displaystyle k_{\mathit {r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10988_chunk_0 | Relative permeability | Relative permeability must be between zero and one. In applications, relative permeability is often represented as a function of water saturation; however, owing to capillary hysteresis one often resorts to a function or curve measured under drainage and another measured under imbibition. Under this approach, the flow ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10989_chunk_0 | Relative permeability | Thus the sum of relative permeabilities over all phases is less than 1. However, apparent relative permeabilities larger than 1 have been obtained since the Darcean approach disregards the viscous coupling effects derived from momentum transfer between the phases (see assumptions below). This coupling could enhance the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10990_chunk_0 | Bubble column reactor | In multiphase reactors, the flow regime gives information about the behaviour of the gas phase and its interaction with the continuous liquid phase. The flow regime can vary significantly depending on several factors, including gas and liquid flow rates, geometric aspects of the column (column diameter, column height, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10991_chunk_0 | Bubble column reactor | Small bubbles with a positive lift coefficient move towards the column wall, and large bubbles with a negative lift coefficient move towards the column center. The heterogeneous flow regime occurs at very high gas velocity and represents a chaotic and unsteady flow pattern, with high liquid recirculation and vigorous m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10992_chunk_0 | Bubble column reactor | The slug and the annular flow regimes are usually observed in small-diameter bubble columns with an inner diameter of less than 0.15 m. The former is characterized by giant bubbles, named Taylor bubbles, that occupy the entire cross-sectional area of the column. The latter is characterized by a central core of gas surr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10993_chunk_0 | Bubble column reactor | When dealing with industrial applications, larger-diameter bubble columns are typically employed so that the slug flow regime is not usually observed due to the so-called Rayleight-Taylor instabilities. The quantification of these instabilities at the reactor-scale is obtained by comparing the dimensionless bubble diam... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10994_chunk_0 | Relative permeability | In multiphase systems Relative permeability curves of each fluid phase (i.e., water, oil, gas, CO2) can be averaged using the concept of TEM-function as: | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10995_chunk_0 | Linearization | In multiphysics systems—systems involving multiple physical fields that interact with one another—linearization with respect to each of the physical fields may be performed. This linearization of the system with respect to each of the fields results in a linearized monolithic equation system that can be solved using mo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10996_chunk_0 | Kill stealing | In multiplayer video games, particularly in MOBAs, first-person shooters, MMORPGs and MUDs, kill stealing is the practice of obtaining credit for killing an enemy when another player has put more effort into the kill. This usually happens when a game only keeps track of which player defeats an enemy, rather than which ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10997_chunk_0 | Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light | In multiplayer, a first in the series, gameplay has an emphasis on teamwork. Lara is able to use Totec's shield as a portable platform as he holds it above his head. She may also balance on spears that Totec throws in the wall, but Totec cannot, as they are not able to hold his weight. Totec can tightrope walk using La... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10998_chunk_0 | Umbilical cord knot | In multiple American and international studies, cancer-causing chemicals have been found in the blood of umbilical cords. These originate from certain plastics, computer circuit boards, fumes and synthetic fragrances among others. Over 300 chemical toxicants have been found, including bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisph... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_10999_chunk_0 | Social studies | In multiple countries' curriculums, social studies is the integrated study of multiple fields of social science and the humanities, including history, culture, geography and political science. The term was first coined by American educators around the turn of the twentieth century as a catch-all for these subjects, as ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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