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Slit experiment
However, such experiments demonstrate that particles do not form the interference pattern if one detects which slit they pass through. These results demonstrate the principle of wave–particle duality.Other atomic-scale entities, such as electrons, are found to exhibit the same behavior when fired towards a double slit.
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Slit experiment
Additionally, the detection of individual discrete impacts is observed to be inherently probabilistic, which is inexplicable using classical mechanics.The experiment can be done with entities much larger than electrons and photons, although it becomes more difficult as size increases. The largest entities for which the...
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Magnetic Field
In modern physics, the electromagnetic field is understood to be not a classical field, but rather a quantum field; it is represented not as a vector of three numbers at each point, but as a vector of three quantum operators at each point. The most accurate modern description of the electromagnetic interaction (and muc...
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Magnetic Field
Predictions of QED agree with experiments to an extremely high degree of accuracy: currently about 10−12 (and limited by experimental errors); for details see precision tests of QED. This makes QED one of the most accurate physical theories constructed thus far. All equations in this article are in the classical approx...
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Side-handle baton
In modern police training, the primary targets are large nerve clusters, such as the common peroneal nerve in the mid-thigh and large, easily targetable muscle groups, such as the quadriceps and biceps. The baton is swung in fast, "snapping" strikes to these areas, sometimes only making contact with the tip. Taken toge...
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Side-handle baton
Before the 1970s, a common use of the police baton was to strike a suspect's head with a full-force overhand motion in order to stun them or knock them unconscious by cerebral concussion, similar to the pre-baton practice of buffaloing with the handle of a revolver. However, this practice had two major liabilities. Fir...
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Side-handle baton
Second, there were problems with reliability, as resistance to cerebral concussion varies widely between individuals, and head strikes that did not disable the suspect were found to merely escalate the encounter. Officer Arthur Lamb, a well-known trainer on the baton, once stated: I've trained over 200 police departmen...
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Social gadfly
In modern politics, a gadfly is someone who persistently challenges people in positions of power, the status quo or a popular position. For example, Morris Kline wrote, "There is a function for the gadfly who poses questions that many specialists would like to overlook. Polemics is healthy."
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Pieces of eight
In modern pop culture and fiction, pieces of eight are most often associated with the popular notion of pirates. In Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, Long John Silver's parrot had apparently been trained to cry out, "Pieces of eight!" This use tied the coin (and parrots) to fictional depictions of pirates. Deri...
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Pieces of eight
In Terry Pratchett's "Going Postal" the antagonist, Reacher Gilt had a cockatoo named Alphonse which had been trained to say "Twelve and half percent! ", that is to say a single piece of eight. Pieces of Eight is used as a currency on Monkey Island (series)
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Seismic activity
Jacob M. Appel's widely anthologized short story, A Comparative Seismology, features a con artist who convinces an elderly woman that an apocalyptic earthquake is imminent.Contemporary depictions of earthquakes in film are variable in the manner in which they reflect human psychological reactions to the actual trauma t...
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Risk attitude
In modern portfolio theory, risk aversion is measured as the additional expected reward an investor requires to accept additional risk. If an investor is risk-averse, they will invest in multiple uncertain assets, but only when the predicted return on a portfolio that is uncertain is greater than the predicted return o...
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Efficient frontier
In modern portfolio theory, the efficient frontier (or portfolio frontier) is an investment portfolio which occupies the "efficient" parts of the risk–return spectrum. Formally, it is the set of portfolios which satisfy the condition that no other portfolio exists with a higher expected return but with the same standar...
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Polynomial curve
In modern positional numbers systems, such as the decimal system, the digits and their positions in the representation of an integer, for example, 45, are a shorthand notation for a polynomial in the radix or base, in this case, 4 × 101 + 5 × 100. As another example, in radix 5, a string of digits such as 132 denotes t...
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Psychotic depression
In modern practice of ECT a therapeutic clonic seizure is induced by electric current via electrodes placed on a person under general anesthesia. Despite much research the exact mechanism of action of ECT is still not known. ECT carries the risk of temporary cognitive deficits (e.g., confusion, memory problems), in add...
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Locrian mode
In modern practice, the Locrian may be considered to be a minor scale with the second and fifth scale degrees lowered a semitone. The Locrian mode may also be considered to be a scale beginning on the seventh scale degree of any Ionian, or major scale. The Locrian mode has the formula: 1, ♭2, ♭3, 4, ♭5, ♭6, ♭7Its tonic...
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Custodian helmet
Near the end of production, a hole is drilled on the front end of the helmet and an appropriate police helmet plate is screwed on. The helmet then is sized, cleaned, and inspected. Finally, the helmet is labelled and given a good brush to bring up the pile. It is then ready to be shipped on to an awaiting police force.
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Communications protocol
In modern protocol design, protocols are layered to form a protocol stack. Layering is a design principle that divides the protocol design task into smaller steps, each of which accomplishes a specific part, interacting with the other parts of the protocol only in a small number of well-defined ways. Layering allows th...
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Guided meditation
In modern psychological research, meditation has been defined and characterized in various ways. Many of these emphasize the role of attention and characterize the practice of meditation as attempts to get beyond the reflexive, "discursive thinking" or "logic" mind to achieve a deeper, more devout, or more relaxed stat...
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Run-off area
Therefore, making safety improvements makes financial sense to a track's management, since it leads to greater demand from event promoters and even larger and more popular events, which in turn increase a track's gate revenues, advertising revenues, and revenues from club racers and other users of the track while major...
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Run-off area
Until racers became actively involved with promoting race track safety, there was no market pressure on the tracks to make such improvements. Now that safety measures are an integral part of the demand equation (with the racing leagues being the consumers and the tracks being the suppliers), tracks must be competitive ...
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Amplitude modulated
In modern radio systems, modulated signals are generated via digital signal processing (DSP). With DSP many types of AM are possible with software control (including DSB with carrier, SSB suppressed-carrier and independent sideband, or ISB). Calculated digital samples are converted to voltages with a digital-to-analog ...
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Christ myth theory
In modern scholarship, the Christ myth theory is considered a fringe theory, and finds virtually no support from scholars, to the point of being addressed in footnotes or almost completely ignored due to the obvious weaknesses they espouse. Common criticisms against the Christ myth theory include: general lack of exper...
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Christ myth theory
Hoffmann felt that to be committed to mythicism signaled a lack of necessary skepticism and he noted that most members of the project did not reach the mythicist conclusion. Hoffmann also called the mythicist theory "fatally flawed".Philip Jenkins, Distinguished Professor of History at Baylor University, wrote, "What y...
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Christ myth theory
The grounds advanced for the 'hypothesis' are worthless. The authors proposing such opinions might be competent, decent, honest individuals, but the views they present are demonstrably wrong.
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Scientific terminology
However, in spite of the chaotic nature of the field, it still is helpful to the biologist to have a good vocabulary of classical roots. Branches of science that are based, however tenuously, on fields of study known to the ancients, or that were established by more recent workers familiar with Greek and Latin, often u...
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Weight
In modern scientific usage, weight and mass are fundamentally different quantities: mass is an intrinsic property of matter, whereas weight is a force that results from the action of gravity on matter: it measures how strongly the force of gravity pulls on that matter. However, in most practical everyday situations the...
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Weight
In a uniform gravitational field, the gravitational force exerted on an object (its weight) is directly proportional to its mass. For example, object A weighs 10 times as much as object B, so therefore the mass of object A is 10 times greater than that of object B. This means that an object's mass can be measured indir...
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Weight
Since the measured item and the comparison mass are in virtually the same location, so experiencing the same gravitational field, the effect of varying gravity does not affect the comparison or the resulting measurement. The Earth's gravitational field is not uniform but can vary by as much as 0.5% at different locatio...
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Weight
Spring scales, which measure local weight, must be calibrated at the location at which the objects will be used to show this standard weight, to be legal for commerce.This table shows the variation of acceleration due to gravity (and hence the variation of weight) at various locations on the Earth's surface. The histor...
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Input impedance
In modern signal processing, devices, such as operational amplifiers, are designed to have an input impedance several orders of magnitude higher than the output impedance of the source device connected to that input. This is called impedance bridging. The losses due to input impedance (loss) in these circuits will be m...
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Input impedance
When a device whose input impedance could cause significant degradation of the signal is used, often a device with a high input impedance and a low output impedance is used to minimize its effects. Voltage follower or impedance-matching transformers are often used for these effects. The input impedance for high-impedan...
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Jahn–Teller distortion
In modern solid-state physics, it is common to classify systems according to the kind of degrees of freedom they have available, like electron (metals) or spin (magnetism). In crystals that can display the JTE, and before this effect is realised by symmetry-breaking distortions, it is found that there exists an orbital...
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Jahn–Teller distortion
Both this pattern and the effect giving rise to this phenomenon is usually denominated orbital-ordering. In order to predict the orbital-ordering pattern, Kugel and Khomskii used a particularisation of the Hubbard model. In particular they established how superexchange interactions, usually described by the Anderson–Ka...
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Jahn–Teller distortion
Their model, using a pseudospin representation for the local orbitals, leads to a Heisenberg-like model in which the ground state is a combination of orbital and spin patterns. Using this model it can be shown, for example, that the origin of the unusual ground insulating ferromagnetic state of a solid like K2CuF4 can ...
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Jahn–Teller distortion
Even when starting from a relatively high-symmetry structure the combined effect of exchange interactions, spin–orbit coupling, orbital-ordering and crystal deformations activated by the JTE can lead to very low symmetry magnetic patterns with specific properties. For example, in CsCuCl3 an incommensurable helicoidal p...
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Adian–Rabin theorem
In modern sources, the Adian–Rabin theorem is usually stated as follows:Let P be a Markov property of finitely presentable groups. Then there does not exist an algorithm that, given a finite presentation G = ⟨ X ∣ R ⟩ {\displaystyle G=\langle X\mid R\rangle } , decides whether or not the group G {\displaystyle G} defin...
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Adian–Rabin theorem
In modern sources, the proof of the Adian–Rabin theorem proceeds by a reduction to the Novikov–Boone theorem via a clever use of amalgamated products and HNN extensions. Let P {\displaystyle P} be a Markov property and let A + , A − {\displaystyle A_{+},A_{-}} be as in the definition of the Markov property above. Let G...
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Quartz watch
In modern standard-quality quartz clocks, the quartz crystal resonator or oscillator is cut in the shape of a small tuning fork (XY-cut), laser-trimmed or precision lapped to vibrate at 32768 Hz. This frequency is equal to 215 cycles per second. A power of 2 is chosen so a simple chain of digital divide-by-2 stages can...
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Quartz watch
The 32768 Hz resonator has become so common due to a compromise between the large physical size of low-frequency crystals for watches and the larger current drain of high-frequency crystals, which reduces the life of the watch battery. The basic formula for calculating the fundamental frequency (f) of vibration of a ca...
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Washout filter
In modern swept wing aircraft, yaw damping control systems are used to dampen and stabilize the Dutch-roll motion of an aircraft in flight. However, when a pilot inputs a command to yaw the aircraft for maneuvering (such as steady turns), the rudder becomes a single control surface that functions to dampen the Dutch-ro...
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Washout filter
In the case of a steady turn during flight, the low frequency signal is the pilot command and the washout filter will allow the turn command signal to not be dampened by the yaw damper in the feedback circuit. An example of this use of can be located at Yaw Damper Design for a 747® Jet Aircraft. == References ==
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Backspace key
In modern systems, the backspace key is often mapped to the delete character (0x7f in ASCII or Unicode), although the backspace key's function of deleting the character before the cursor remains.The backspace key is commonly used to go back a page or up one level in graphical web or file browsers.
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Network processor
This evolution has resulted in more complex and more flexible ICs being created. The newer circuits are programmable and thus allow a single hardware IC design to undertake a number of different functions, where the appropriate software is installed. Network processors are used in the manufacture of many different type...
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Remote concentrator
In modern telephony a remote concentrator, remote concentrator unit (RCU), or remote line concentrator (RLC) is a concentrator at the lowest level in the telephone switch hierarchy. Subscribers' analogue telephone/PSTN lines are terminated on concentrators. They have three main functions: Digitize: convert voice (and s...
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Spread (intuitionism)
In modern terminology, a spread is an inhabited closed set of sequences. Spreads are defined via a spread function, which performs a (decidable) "check" on finite sequences. If all the finite initial parts of an infinite sequence satisfy a spread function's "check", then we say that the infinite sequence is admissible ...
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Spread (intuitionism)
Graph theoretically, one may think of a spread in terms of a rooted, directed tree with numerical vertex labels. A fan, also known as finitary spread, is a special type of spread. In graph terms, it is finitely branching. Finally, a dressed spread is a spread together some function acting on finite sequences.
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Two-dimensional geometry
In modern terminology, angles would normally be measured in degrees or radians. Modern school textbooks often define separate figures called lines (infinite), rays (semi-infinite), and line segments (of finite length). Euclid, rather than discussing a ray as an object that extends to infinity in one direction, would no...
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Euclidean plane geometry
In modern terminology, the area of a plane figure is proportional to the square of any of its linear dimensions, A ∝ L 2 {\displaystyle A\propto L^{2}} , and the volume of a solid to the cube, V ∝ L 3 {\displaystyle V\propto L^{3}} . Euclid proved these results in various special cases such as the area of a circle and ...
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Inverse probability
In modern terms, given a probability distribution p(x|θ) for an observable quantity x conditional on an unobserved variable θ, the "inverse probability" is the posterior distribution p(θ|x), which depends both on the likelihood function (the inversion of the probability distribution) and a prior distribution. The distr...
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Inverse probability
A simple example would be the problem of estimating the position of a star in the sky (at a certain time on a certain date) for purposes of navigation. Given the data, one must estimate the true position (probably by averaging). This problem would now be considered one of inferential statistics. The terms "direct proba...
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Pea
In modern times peas are usually boiled or steamed, which breaks down the cell walls and makes the taste sweeter and the nutrients more bioavailable. Along with broad beans and lentils, these formed an important part of the diet of most people in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe during the Middle Ages. By the 1...
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Scientific dissent
In modern times proponents of science denialism, pseudoscience, and conspiracy theories often try to disguise their viewpoints as "scientific dissent" to take an advantage of the benefit of doubt. Such cases are typically recognized by lack of crucial elements of scientific approach: insufficient evidence base, lack of...
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Quran reading
In modern times some academic scholars have regarded descriptions by Muslim scholars of the 40 or so differences in the rasm (skeleton text) of the four copies of the Uthmanic codex sent out to Medina, Syria, and the garrison towns of Basra and Kufa, to be scribal errors in those copies, especially after Michael Cook (...
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Japanese swords
It is properly distinguished, then, by the style of mount it currently inhabits. A long tanto may be classified as a wakizashi due to its length being over 30 cm, however it may have originally been mounted and used as a tanto making the length distinction somewhat arbitrary but necessary when referring to unmounted sh...
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Japanese swords
Nagamaki (長巻, "long wrapping"): A sword with an exceptionally long handle, usually about as long as the blade. The name refers to the length of the handle wrapping. Uchigatana (打刀, "striking sword"): A sword with a curved blade longer than 60 cm (there is no upper length limit but generally they are shorter than 90 cm)...
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Christian contemplation
In modern times theoria is sometimes treated as distinct from the meaning given to it in Christianity, linking the word not with contemplation but with speculation. Boethius (c. 480–524 or 525) translated the Greek word theoria into Latin, not as contemplatio but as speculatio, and theoria is taken to mean speculative ...
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Woodblock prints
It is still commonly reproduced in China today and its images are very popular: it includes landscapes, flowers, animals, reproductions of jades, bronzes, porcelain and other objects.Another outstanding series is the collection of twenty-nine Kaempfer Prints (British Museum, London), brought in 1693 by a German physici...
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Thor
In modern times, Thor continues to be referred to in art and fiction. Starting with F. J. Klopstock's 1776 ode to Thor, Wir und Sie, Thor has been the subject of poems in several languages, including Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger's 1807 epic poem Thors reise til Jotunheim and, by the same author, three more poems (Hammer...
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Thor
Artists have also depicted Thor in painting and sculpture, including Henry Fuseli's 1780 painting Thor Battering the Midgard Serpent; H. E. Freund's 1821–1822 statue Thor; B. E. Fogelberg's 1844 marble statue Thor; Mårten Eskil Winge's 1872 painting Thor's Fight with the Giants; K. Ehrenberg's 1883 drawing Odin, Thor u...
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Thor
The team named the shrew after Thor due to the god's association with strength.From 2015 to 2017, a fictionalised version of Thor was a supporting character in Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard, a trilogy of fantasy novels written by American author Rick Riordan and published by Disney-Hyperion, set in the same ficti...
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Royal intermarriage
In modern times, among European royalty at least, marriages between royal dynasties have become much rarer than they once were. This happens to avoid inbreeding, since many royal families share common ancestors, and therefore share much of the genetic pool. Members of Europe's dynasties increasingly married members of ...
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Sexual pain disorder
In modern times, clinical study of sexual problems is usually dated back no earlier than 1970 when Masters and Johnson's Human Sexual Inadequacy was published. It was the result of over a decade of work at the Reproductive Biology Research Foundation in St. Louis, involving 790 cases. The work grew from Masters and Joh...
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Sexual pain disorder
There was little distinction between difficulties in function and variations nor between perversion and problems. Despite work by psychotherapists such as Balint sexual difficulties were crudely split into frigidity or impotence, terms which acquired negative connotations in popular culture.
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Passage planning
In modern times, computer software can greatly simplify the passage planning process and ensure that nothing important is overlooked. Passage planning software may include functions such as waypoint management, distance calculators, tide and tidal current predictors, celestial navigational calculators, consumables esti...
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Emoticon
In modern times, emoticons have been around since 1990s and at present "Smiley" emoticons (colon, hyphen and bracket) have become integral to digital communications, and have inspired a variety of other emoticons, including the "winking" face using a semicolon ;-), the "surprised" face with a letter o in place of a bra...
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Emoticon
The online auction ended later that month, with the originals selling for $237,500.In some programming languages, certain operators are known informally by their emoticon-like appearance. This includes the Spaceship operator <=> (a comparison), Diamond operator <> (for type hinting) and Elvis operator ? : (a shortened ...
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Mirror galvanometer
In modern times, high-speed mirror galvanometers are employed in laser light shows to move the laser beams and produce colorful geometric patterns in fog around the audience. Such high speed mirror galvanometers have proved to be indispensable in industry for laser marking systems for everything from laser etching hand...
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Mirror galvanometer
Laser ablation, laser beam machining and wafer dicing are all industrial areas where high-speed mirror galvanometers can be found. This moving coil galvanometer is mainly used to measure very feeble or low currents of order 10−9 A. To linearise the magnetic field across the coil throughout the galvanometer's range of m...
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Horse hair
In modern times, mane and tail horsehair samples with root tissue attached are commonly used for DNA analysis of equine specimens. Private genetic testing companies regularly use the DNA extracted from the root follicle of horsehair for relationship testing, genetic disease assays and determining coat color genetics.
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Musk oxen
Once airfreighted to Montreal and trucked to Vermont, the young animals habituated to the temperate conditions. Although the calves thrived and grew to adulthood, parasite and disease resistance problems impaired the overall success of the effort. The surviving herd was eventually moved to a farm in Palmer, Alaska, whe...
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Impact events on Jupiter
In modern times, numerous impact events on Jupiter have been observed, the most significant of which was the collision of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 in 1994. Jupiter is the most massive planet in the Solar System and thus has a vast sphere of gravitational influence, the region of space where an asteroid capture can take p...
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Perforated armour
In modern times, slat armor has seen use on the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Caterpillar D9R armored bulldozer, the Force Protection Buffalo MPV MRAP vehicle, the General Dynamics Stryker, Ukrainian BTR-4, the Warrior infantry fighting vehicle, the M113 APC, the British Challenger 2, the Leopard 2A6 main battle tank, an...
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Perforated armour
BAE later equipped several US Army RG-31s with a variant of the LROD system, and also developed the system for its RG-33 vehicles, the Caiman and the JERRV. Slat armor is also fielded on the American M1 Abrams as part of the Tank Urban Survival Kit (TUSK) urban warfare series.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Soapstone
Welders and fabricators use soapstone as a marker due to its resistance to heat; it remains visible when heat is applied. It has also been used for many years by seamstresses, carpenters, and other craftspeople as a marking tool, because its marks are visible but not permanent. Resistance to heat made steatite suitable...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Spear thrower
In modern times, some people have resurrected the dart thrower for sports, often using the term atlatl, throwing either for distance and/or for accuracy. The World Atlatl Association was formed in 1987 to promote the atlatl. Throws of almost 260 m (850 ft) have been recorded. Colleges reported to field teams in this ev...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Mott problem
In modern times, the Mott problem is occasionally considered theoretically in the context of astrophysics and cosmology, where the evolution of the wave function from the Big Bang or other astrophysical phenomena is considered.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Islamic architecture
In modern times, the architecture of Islamic buildings, not just religious ones, has gone through some changes. The new architectural style doesn't stick with the same fundamental aspects that were seen in the past, but mosques for the most part still feature the same parts—the miḥrāb (مِـحْـرَاب), the minarets, four-i...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Tameshigiri
When cutting a straw target that is standing vertically, the easiest cut is the downward diagonal. This is due to a combination of the angle of impact of the cut against the grain (approximately 30-50 degrees from the surface), the downward diagonal angle of the swing, and the ability to use many of the major muscle gr...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Looped square
In modern times, the symbol is commonly found in Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and Ukraine as an indicator of locations of cultural interest, beginning in Finland in the 1950s and spreading to the other Nordic countries in the 1960s. There has been modern specu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Gingerbread house
It can be anything from a castle to a small cabin, or another kind of building, such as a church, an art museum, or a sports stadium, and other items, such as cars, gingerbread men and gingerbread women, can be made of gingerbread dough.In most cases, royal icing is used as an adhesive to secure the main parts of the h...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Argument from nonbelief
In modern times, there are fewer proponents of these views. One reason is that, as Stephen Maitzen argues, anthropology has long established that while religious belief in general is essentially universal, belief in what Calvin would recognize as God is very unevenly distributed among cultures (consider for example God...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Tissue culture
In modern usage, "Tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of cells from a multicellular organism in vitro. These cells may be cells isolated from a donor organism (primary cells) or an immortalised cell line. The cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy sources necessar...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Tissue culture
On the other hand, the strict meaning of "tissue culture" refers to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture. Tissue culture is an important tool for the study of the biology of cells from multicellular organisms. It provides an in vitro model of the tissue in a well defined environment which can be easily ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Tissue culture
In animal tissue culture, cells may be grown as two-dimensional monolayers (conventional culture) or within fibrous scaffolds or gels to attain more naturalistic three-dimensional tissue-like structures (3D culture). Eric Simon, in a 1988 NIH SBIR grant report, showed that electrospinning could be used to produced nano...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Tissue culture
It was noted that as opposed to the flattened morphology typically seen in 2D culture, cells grown on the electrospun fibers exhibited a more rounded 3-dimensional morphology generally observed of tissues in vivo.Plant tissue culture in particular is concerned with the growing of entire plants from small pieces of plan...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Human cell line
In modern usage, "tissue culture" generally refers to the growth of cells from a tissue from a multicellular organism in vitro. These cells may be cells isolated from a donor organism (primary cells) or an immortalised cell line. The cells are bathed in a culture medium, which contains essential nutrients and energy so...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Human cell line
On the other hand, the strict meaning of "tissue culture" refers to the culturing of tissue pieces, i.e. explant culture. Tissue culture is an important tool for the study of the biology of cells from multicellular organisms. It provides an in vitro model of the tissue in a well defined environment which can be easily ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
wiki_8788_chunk_0
Human cell line
In animal tissue culture, cells may be grown as two-dimensional monolayers (conventional culture) or within fibrous scaffolds or gels to attain more naturalistic three-dimensional tissue-like structures (3D culture). Eric Simon, in a 1988 NIH SBIR grant report, showed that electrospinning could be used to produce nano-...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Aerial warfare
In modern usage, a missile is a self-propelled precision-guided munition system, as opposed to an unguided self-propelled munition, referred to as a rocket (although these too can also be guided). Missiles have four system components: targeting and/or missile guidance, flight system, engine, and warhead. Missiles come ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Civil time
In traditional astronomical usage, civil time was mean solar time reckoned from midnight. Before 1925, the astronomical time 00:00:00 meant noon, twelve hours after the civil time 00:00:00 which meant midnight. HM Nautical Almanac Office in the United Kingdom used Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for both conventions, leading...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Civil time
In 1928, the International Astronomical Union introduced the term Universal Time for GMT beginning at midnight.In modern usage, GMT is no longer a formal standard reference time: it is now a name for the time zone UTC+00:00. Universal Time is now determined by reference to distant celestial objects: UTC is derived from...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Nylon stocking
Open-toed: Stockings that stop at the base of the toe with a piece that goes between the first and second toes to hold them down. They can be worn with some open-toed shoes, especially to show off pedicured toes. Sandalfoot: Stockings with a nude toe, meaning no heavier yarn in the toe than is in the leg.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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MIMO-OFDM
Fourier transforms convert signals back and forth between the time domain and frequency domain. Consequently, Fourier transforms can exploit the fact that any complex waveform may be decomposed into a series of simple sinusoids. In signal processing applications, discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) are used to operate o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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MIMO-OFDM
The maximum data rate assumes use of the optional 160 MHz channel in the 5 GHz band and 256 QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation). Chipsets supporting six spatial streams have been introduced and chipsets supporting eight spatial streams are under development. Massive MIMO consists of a large number of base station ant...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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MIMO-OFDM
While LTE networks already support handsets using two spatial streams, and handset antenna designs capable of supporting four spatial streams have been tested, massive MIMO can deliver significant capacity gains even to single spatial stream handsets. Again, MU-MIMO beamforming is used to enable the base station to tra...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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MIMO-OFDM
Another focus of research for 5G wireless is CO-MIMO. In CO-MIMO, clusters of base stations work together to boost performance. This can be done using macro diversity for improved reception of signals from handsets or multi-cell multiplexing to achieve higher downlink data rates. However, CO-MIMO requires high-speed co...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Subway Series
In modern usage, the term "Subway Series" generally refers to a series played between the two current New York baseball teams, the New York Yankees and the New York Mets. Their stadiums remain directly accessible by subway: Yankee Stadium via the 161st Street–Yankee Stadium station, and Citi Field via the Mets–Willets ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Subway Series
When interleague play was introduced in 1997 the teams finally got to play one another in a competitive fashion. The rivalry has included heated moments such as the Roger Clemens and Mike Piazza feud. Currently the Yankees lead the "Subway Series" 71–55 all time.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
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Carriage house
In modern usage, the term "carriage house" has taken on several additional, somewhat overlapping meanings: Buildings that were originally true carriage houses that have been converted to other uses such as secondary suites, apartments, guest houses, automobile garages, offices, workshops, retail shops, bars, restaurant...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus