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(c) 为针对一国际组织或其机关制定的条约提具保留而派驻该国际组织或其机关的代表； | (c) Representatives accredited by States to an international organization or one of its organs, for the purpose of formulating a reservation to a treaty adopted by that organization or body; |
(d) 为针对派驻国与国际组织间的条约提具保留而常驻该国际组织的代表团团长。 | (d) Heads of permanent missions to an international organization, for the purpose of formulating a reservation to a treaty between the accrediting States and that organization. |
2.1.4 [2.1.3 之二、2.1.4]＊违反与提具保留有关的内部规则在国际一级不产生影响 | 2.1.4 [2.1.3 bis, 2.1.4]* Absence of consequences at the international level of the violation of internal rules regarding the formulation of reservations |
确定在本国提具保留的主管机构和所应遵循的程序，是每一国家国内法或每一国际组织的有关规则所处理的事项。 | The determination of the competent authority and the procedure to be followed at the internal level for formulating a reservation is a matter for the internal law of each State or relevant rules of each international organization. |
一国或一国际组织不得援引某项保留的提具违反了该国国内法规定或该组织有关提具保留的权限和程序的事实，认定该项保留无效。 | A State or an international organization may not invoke the fact that a reservation has been formulated in violation of a provision of the internal law of that State or the rules of that organization regarding competence and the procedure for formulating reservations as invalidating the reservation. |
2.1.5 保留的告知 | 2.1.5 Communication of reservations |
保留必须以书面形式告知缔约国、缔约组织以及有权成为条约缔约方的其他国家和国际组织。如果一现行条约是一国际组织的组成文书，或是据以设立一有权接受保留之机关的条约，则对此条约的保留也必须告知该组织或机关。 | A reservation must be communicated in writing to the contracting States and contracting organizations and other States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty. |
*方括号内的号数指本准则草案在特别报告员报告中的序号，或已并入准则草案最后案文的某一准则草案在特别报告员报告中的原号数。 | * The number between square brackets indicates the number of this draft guideline in the report of the Special Rapporteur or as the case may be the original number of a draft guideline in the report of the Special Rapporteur which has been merged with the final draft guideline. |
2.1.6 [2.1.6、2.1.8] 告知保留的程序 | 2.1.6 [2.1.6, 2.1.8] Procedure for communication of reservations |
除非条约另有规定或各缔约国和缔约组织另有协议外，对条约之保留的告知： | Unless otherwise provided in the treaty or agreed by the contracting States and contracting organizations, a communication relating to a reservation to a treaty shall be transmitted: |
(一) 在没有保存人的情况下，应由提具保留者直接送交缔约国和缔约组织以及有资格成为该条约缔约方的其他国家和国际组织；或者 | (i) If there is no depositary, directly by the author of the reservation to the contracting States and contracting organizations and other States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty; or |
(二) 在有保存人的情况下，应送交保存人，由他尽早告知所要送交的国家和组织。 | (ii) If there is a depositary, to the latter, which shall notify the States and organizations for which it is intended as soon as possible. |
保留的告知只有在该通知所要递交的国家或组织、或保存人收到该通知的情况下，才应视为提具保留的国家已告知保留。 | A communication relating to a reservation shall be considered as having been made by the author of the reservation only upon receipt by the State or by the organization to which it was transmitted, or as the case may be, upon its receipt by the depositary. |
如果对条约的保留是以电子邮件或传真告知，必须以外交照会或保存人的通知加以确认。 | Where a communication relating to a reservation to a treaty is made by electronic mail or by facsimile, it must be confirmed by diplomatic note or depositary notification. |
2.1.7 保存人的职能 | 2.1.7 Functions of depositaries |
保存人应审查由一国或一国际组织提具的对某一条约的保留是否具有正当的适当形式。 | The depositary shall examine whether a reservation to a treaty formulated by a State or an international organization is in due and proper form. |
如果一国或一国际组织同保存人之间对保存人履行职能有分歧，保存人就应将此问题：(a) 提请各签署国和签署组织以及缔约国和缔约组织注意，或(b) 在适当情况下提请有关国际组织的主管机关注意。 | In the event of any difference appearing between a State or an international organization and the depositary as to the performance of the latter’s functions, the depositary shall bring the question to the attention of: (a) The signatory States and organizations and the contracting States and contracting organizations; ... |
2.1.8 [2.1.7 之二] 显示[不允许]提具保留之情况下的程序 | 2.1.8 [2.1.7 bis] Procedure in case of manifestly [impermissible] reservations |
如果保存人认为显然[不允许]提具某项保留，则应提请提具保留者注意保存人认为的构成这种[不能允许的状况]。 | Where, in the opinion of the depositary, a reservation is manifestly [impermissible], the depositary shall draw the attention of the author of the reservation to what, in the depositary’s view, constitutes such [impermissibility]. |
如果提具保留者坚持保留，保存人应将保留的案文告知各签署国和国际组织以及各缔约国和国际组织，说明该项保留所引起的法律问题的性质。 | If the author of the reservation maintains the reservation, the depositaryshall communicate the text of the reservation to the signatory States and international organizations and to the contracting States and international organizations, indicating the nature of legal problems raised by the reservation. |
2.4.1 提具解释性声明 | 2.4.1 Formulation of interpretative declarations |
2.4.1 提具解释性声明就通过或认证一条约案文或表示一国或一国际组织同意接受一条约的约束而言，必须由代表一国或一国际组织的人士提具解释性声明。 | An interpretative declaration must be formulated by a person who is considered as representing a State or an international organization for the purpose of adopting or authenticating the text of a treaty or expressing the consent of the State or international organization to be bound by a treaty. |
[2.4.2 [2.4.1 之二] 在内部一级提具解释性声明 | [2.4.2 [2.4.1 bis] Formulation of an interpretative declaration at the internal level |
确定在内部一级提具解释性声明的主管机构和所应遵循的程序是每一国的国内法或每一国际组织的有关规则所处理的事项。 | The determination of the competent authority and the procedure to be followed at the internal level for formulating an interpretative declaration is a matter for the internal law of each State or relevant rules of each international organization. |
一国或一国际组织不得援引某项解释性声明的提具违反了关于提具解释性声明之权限和程序的国内法规定或国际组织规则的事实，认定该项声明无效。] | A State or an international organization may not invoke the fact that an interpretative declaration has been formulated in violation of a provision of the internal law of that State or the rules of that organization regarding competence and the procedure for formulating interpretative declarations as invalidating the d... |
[2.4.3 [2.4.2、2.4.9] 提具和告知有条件的解释性声明 | [2.4.3 [2.4.2, 2.4.9] Formulation and communication of conditional interpretative declarations |
必须以书面方式提具有条件的解释性声明。 | A conditional interpretative declaration must be formulated in writing. |
有条件的解释性声明也必须以书面方式正式确认。 | Formal confirmation of a conditional interpretative declaration must also be made in writing. |
有条件的解释性声明必须以书面方式告知缔约国、缔约组织以及有权成为该条约缔约方的其他国家和国际组织。有条件的解释性声明如果涉及建立国际组织的现行条约或据以建立一有权接受保留之机构的条约，也必须告知该组织或机构。] | A conditional interpretative declaration must be communicated in writing to the contracting States and contracting organizations and other States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty. A conditional interpretative declaration regarding a treaty in force which is the constituent instru... |
大 会 Distr.: General | General Assembly Distr.: General |
24 May 2000 | 24 May 2000 |
00-44900 (C) 090600 130600 | 00-44901(E) 120600 |
第二十四届特别会议 | Twenty-fourth special session |
2000 年 5 月 18 日奥地利常驻联合国代表给秘书长的信 | Letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of |
2000 年 5 月 18 日奥地利常驻联合国代表给秘书长的信 | Austria to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General |
谨向题为 社会发展问题世界首脑会议及其后的发展 在全球化世界实现惠及所有人的社会发展 的大会特别会议转递第十届联合国预防犯罪和罪犯待遇大会 2000 年 4 月 10 日至 17 日 维也纳 期间举办的反贪污腐败讲习班和社区参与预防犯罪讲习班的讨论结果 见附件 | I have the honour to transmit to the General Assembly at its special session entitled “World Summit for Social Development and beyond: achieving social development for all in a globalizing world” the outcome of the workshops on combating corruption and community involvement in crime prevention which were conducted duri... |
在这些讲习班上 预防犯罪问题国际专家就社会发展框架内减少犯罪行为问题提出了有益的详细建议 | At those workshops, international experts on crime prevention elaborated valuable recommendations on the reduction of crime in the context of social development. |
请将所附报告作为大会第二十四届特别会议的文件分发为荷 | I should be grateful if you would have the reports annexed hereto circulated as documents of the twenty-fourth special session of the General Assembly. |
格哈德 普凡策尔特 签名 | (Signed) Gerhard Pfanzelter |
年 5 月 18 日奥地利常驻联合国代表给秘书长的信的附件一 | Annex I to the letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General |
反贪污腐败讲习班 | Workshop on combating corruption |
1. 由联合国区域间犯罪和司法研究所与国际科学和专业咨询理事会合作组织的反贪污腐败讲习班于 2000 年 4 月 10 日和 11 日在第二委员会的框架内举行讲习班收到了一份由研究所编写的背景文件(A/CONF.187/9)和关于 1999 年 11 月19 日和 20 日在意大利米兰召开的 迎击贪污腐败挑战 的国际会议活动情况的一份非正式文件 大会秘书长和药物管制和预防犯罪厅执行主任在讲习班的开幕式上讲了话 24 个国家的政府代表在讲习班上发了言 政府专门机构 国际组织学术界和私营部门的代表作了 21 次专题介绍 | 1. The Workshop on combating corruption, organized by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute in cooperation with the International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council was held on 10 and 11 April 2000 within the framework of Committee II. The Workshop had before it a background pa... |
2. 讲习班通过了国际预防犯罪中心和联合国区域间犯罪和司法研究所共同发起的反贪污腐败全球方案中所提倡的多学科方法 并且审议了下列问题 贪污腐败的定义和原因 监测和评估 有组织犯罪关系网 在国际和国家各级打击贪污腐败的措施 预防犯罪和最佳做法 讲习班就对执法 立法 私营部门和民间社会应当采取的措施 以及在国际一级应当采取的措施 包括促进对可能拟订的反贪污腐败文书展开辩论等提出了建议 国际预防犯罪中心和联合国区域间犯罪和司法研究所的代表介绍了在反贪污腐败全球方案的框架内目前正在开展的活动 | 2. The Workshop adopted the multidisciplinary approach advocated in the global programme against corruption, launched jointly by the Centre for International Crime Prevention and the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, and considered definitions and causes of corruption, monitoring and as... |
3. 普遍一致的看法是 调查和随后的刑事司法程序的透明 独立和公正运作以及加强民间社会(包括传媒和私营部门)的作用十分重要 参加讲习班的人们对公众对于贪污腐败问题认识的提高深受鼓舞 但同时指出 在许多国家 无论在法律系统内 还是在政策尤其是执法政策的实施方面 仍有大量的工作尚未完成例如 在提高人们对贪污腐败给犯罪人带来的危险和代价的了解方面 一致认为反贪污腐败的一般战略必须适应各国的具体情况 | 3. There was general agreement on the importance of transparency, the independence and integrity of investigative and subsequent criminal justice processes, and strengthening the role of civil society (including the media and the private sector). Participants in the Workshop were greatly encouraged by the increased pub... |
4. 讨论强调必须对过去的活动采取司法行动 包括在经济上追回贪污腐败的收益 适当地侦查 起诉和实施有效的刑事和(或)非刑事制裁 | 4. The discussion highlighted the need for justice to be applied to past activities, including financial recovery of the proceeds of corruption, proper investigation, prosecution and the application of effective criminal and/or non-criminal sanctions. |
5. 同时认为 必须为今后提供适当的预防措施 包括加强民间社会 减少高级和低级官员贪污腐败可乘之机 提高他们的待遇以及对那些在履行职责的过程中没有贪污腐败的人给予社会报酬 最后 有必要建立一种机制 以便根据反腐败调查的情况不断制订预防措施和最佳做法 | 5. At the same time it was considered necessary to provide appropriate prevention measures for the future, including the strengthening of civil society, decreasing the opportunities for corruption of high-level and low-level officials, improving their status and providing social rewards for those who were not corrupt i... |
6. 有人提出了一项有可能遏制贪污腐败现象的方法 第一步是增加从事贪污腐败活动可意识到的危险 代价 不安全性和困难程度 尤其是通过有针对性的预防危险努力 如更严格地规范合同招标和审查程序 第二步 通过有效的独立调查和刑事司法程序增加贪污腐败给犯罪人带来的可意识到的风险 这一方法是对提高认识 进行积极主动廉正测试和独立的处理投诉机制等方法的补充 | 6. A possible methodology for curbing corruption was suggested. The first step should be to increase the perceived risk, costs, insecurity and degree of difficulty in engaging in acts of corruption, through, inter alia, targeted risk-based prevention efforts, with stricter regulation of contract-bidding and vetting pro... |
7. 通过迅速执法和追回财产减少犯罪人对贪污腐败的预期收益 | 7. The rewards anticipated from corruption by the offenders should be reduced by expeditious law enforcement and asset recovery. |
8. 最后 应当通过下列方式减少社会对贪污腐败的宽容 让独立传媒和民间社会更深入地参与反贪污腐败活动 奖励廉洁的人 以及系统地批判贪污腐败行为 | 8. Finally, any social tolerance for corruption should be reduced by the deeper involvement of independent media and civil society in anti-corruption campaigns, by rewarding those who were not corrupt and by systematically stigmatizing corrupt behaviour. |
9. 参加讲习班的人们强调了草拟反贪污腐败国际公约的潜在重要性 一致认为 只有在各国政府准备提供政治上的支持和必要的财政资源时 这一文书才会 | 9. The participants at the Workshop stressed the potential value of drafting an international convention against corruption. It was agreed that such an instrument could be successfully implemented only if Governments were ready to provide both political support and the necessary financial resources. |
年 5 月 18 日奥地利常驻联合国代表给秘书长的信的附件二 | Annex II to the letter dated 18 May 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Austriato the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General |
社区参与预防犯罪讲习班 | Workshop on community involvement in crime prevention |
讨论情况 | Discussion |
1. 社区参与预防犯罪讲习班于 2000 年 4 月 12 日至 13 日由国际预防犯罪中心举办 讲习班收到了关于社区参与预防犯罪的背景文件(A/CONF.187/11) 29 名小组成员以及 13 个国家的代表 两名非政府组织的观察员和两名个人专家在讲 | 1. The Workshop on community involvement in crime prevention, organized by the International Centre for the Prevention of Crime, was held on 12 and 13 April 2000. The Workshop had before it a background paper on community involvement in crime prevention (A/CONF.187/11). Twenty-nine panellists addressed the Workshop, fo... |
2. 讲习班侧重于两个问题 (a)查明社区参与预防犯罪的示范性最佳做法 (b)国家和社区如何分享其在成功预防犯罪方面的经验 据认为 犯罪使有关个人和社区均付出沉重代价 并影响了民众的生活质量 每年世界上都有数百万人成为杀人 对妇女施暴 偷盗和汽车失窃一类犯罪的受害者 据指出 犯罪的代价相当于一些发达国家国内生产总值(国内总产值)的 5 在发展中国家 这一数字更高达 14 为减少犯罪 增加公众的安全感 需要制订一个平衡的方针 兼顾传统的犯罪对策和有社区参与的预防措施 实际上 如果不能解决当地社区的安全与安定需要 就无法在打击跨国有组织犯罪的斗争中赢得胜利 | 2. The Workshop focused on two issues: (a) identification of models of best practice in community involvement in crime prevention; and (b) how States and communities could share their experiences in successful crime prevention. It was acknowledged that crime was costly both for the victims and the communities concerned... |
3. 一致认为 现在已经确认了与犯罪和受害有关联的起因和危险因素 许多国家制订了有效的预防犯罪方案和政策 在一系列经深入评估的项目中 已见到可喜的成果 但当代的多种趋势令人们感到忧虑 例如贫富差距 社会对青年人的排斥 两性差距 城市扩张以及枪支流入民间 街头暴力和盲目的 无理性的随意的暴力行动对社会构成巨大威胁 日益引起人们的关注 青年人既作为肇事者又作为受害者卷入犯罪活动也在许多社会引起关注 近年来犯罪激增的国家其城市的不安全程度也加剧了 即使在犯罪率下降的国家 特别是其城市地区不安全感和对犯罪的恐惧也越来越严重 社会面临的一个挑战是如何制订可持续的犯罪对策 | 3. It was agreed that knowledge about the causes and risk factors associated with crime and victimization was now well developed. Many countries had established effective crime prevention programmes and policies, and promising results had been obtained in a number of projects that had been thoroughly evaluated. Many co... |
4. 出席者称 在制订社区安全措施时 绝不能仅限于评估犯罪数字 通过咨询机制 受害情况调查 犯罪审理和行动计划等手段对民众的要求和期望作出反应也是动员当地社区的关键 政策的制订必须以扎实的研究工作为依据 有关战略必须立足于对社会和城市发展指数的分析 例如失业率 青年人受排斥情况 移民所占比例或住房类型 | 4. It was stated, that in devising measures of community safety, it was necessary to go beyond assessing crime figures. Responsiveness to the demands and expectations of the population by means of consultative mechanisms, victimization surveys, crime audits and action plans were also keys to mobilizing local communitie... |
5. 强调政府和社区应一道努力 有效地应对此种挑战 需要实行包括犯罪控制犯罪预防和社会相互支持措施的综合政策 还鼓励在国家一级开展部与部之间的合作和在地方一级加强合作伙伴之间的横向联合 地方一级的行动是开展预防活动的原动力 因为地方一级采取的行动涉及受影响的人 是最切合当地问题的在这方面 一些不同的手段证明是有效的 这些不同的手段包括建立社区委员会加强中央政府和地方政府之间的安全和保安联系 一些发言者指出 综合和知情的做法应包括注重情况和社会发展及针对种种风险因素对社区进行改组的措施几位发言者强调指出 建立关键机构和社区之间的真正伙伴关系是一个长期的过程 需要进行情况交流和相互帮助 取得的关键经验教训包括 需要有政治领导和承诺 确保... | 5. It was emphasized that Governments and communities should work together to respondeffectively to such challenges. Integrated policies that involved crime control, crime prevention and social solidarity measures were required. Inter-ministerial cooperation at the national level and the horizontal integration of partn... |
6. 一致认为 要执行一个综合全面的预防战略 需要有新的思维和组织方式至关重要的是 一切有关人的发展 社会和经济发展的政府公营组织和私人组织均应把社区安全看作是一项根本的权利 把预防犯罪纳入自己的职责和活动中依靠社区行动不应成为削弱公共服务的借口或幌子 提供适当的资金和支助是取得成功的必要条件 | 6. It was agreed that the implementation of a comprehensive prevention strategy required new ways of thinking and organization. It was imperative that all governmental, public and private organizations concerned with human, social and economic development recognized community safety as a fundamental right, and that the... |
7. 讲习班介绍了有关政府 政府间组织和非政府组织参与的技术合作项目的情况 介绍的活动是针对国家政府和地方政府的 从制定预防犯罪手册到提高公众认识等 还可为编制战略文件 设计和实施受害者调查以及收集犯罪统计资料数据等提供帮助 | 7. Information was provided on technical cooperation projects in which Governments, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations were involved. The activities described were aimed at both national and local governments, and ranged from the development of crime prevention manuals to the raising of ... |
8. 查明了有关让社区参与预防犯罪活动的若干核心问题 强调对犯罪 受害和不安全这些关键问题没有简单或短期见效的解决办法 这些错综复杂的问题是具有多种原因的复杂现实 然而 有很多可行的预防犯罪战略和行之有效的方案可以根据讲习班中人们交流的一些良好做法 制定综合 全面和可持续的应对策略 查明成功预防示范做法的关键要素可有助于确保这些成功做法的传播 推广及其可持续性 一致认为 此种示范做法可能需要根据有关国家和社区的具体需要以及考虑到各自的社会文化条件加以改革 还需要制定更多知情的做法 监测和评估不断提出的倡议 包括其成本效益和推广研究 | 8. A number of core issues for the involvement of the community in crime prevention were identified. It was emphasized that there were no simple or short-term solutions to the nexus of crime, victimization and insecurity, which were complex realities with multiple causes. There were, however, numerous promising crime p... |
9. 参加社区参与预防犯罪讲习班者呼吁在下列领域采取行动 | 9. Participants in the Workshop on community involvement in crime prevention called for action in the following areas: |
(a) 应把当地社区看作是有效实施预防犯罪措施的中心 应鼓励会员国执行社区能力建设方案 以有效地对地方关切的问题作出响应 | (a) Local communities should be recognized as the focal points for the effective delivery of crime prevention initiatives. Member States should be encouraged to implement programmes for building the capacity of communities to respond effectively to local concerns; |
(b) 应请政府和有关国际融资机构增加对国家和社区的财政和技术援助 以支助其预防犯罪努力 | (b) Governments and relevant international funding organizations should be invited to provide increased financial and technical assistance to countries and communities in support of their crime prevention efforts; |
(c) 预防犯罪政策是预防犯罪战略的一个组成部分 预防犯罪战略可为解决犯罪和不安全问题提供可持续的解决办法 应请各国政府加强努力 查明成功有效调动社区的办法 以及预防犯罪方案和举措的成效 各国政府应合作制定一套在这方面可作为标准的社区安全共同指标 | (c) Anti-crime strategies in which a crime prevention policy is an integral part offer more sustainable responses to crime and insecurity problems. Governments should be called upon to intensify their efforts to identify the successful elements of effective community mobilization, and the benefits of crime prevention p... |
(d) 应作出更系统的努力以执行成功的预防行动和战略 应让预防犯罪国际支助网承担加强制定知情的战略 查明推广工作的要素 以及向世界各地的社区提供此种知识的任务 | (d) More systematic efforts should be made to implement successful prevention actions and strategies. International support networks for crime prevention should be assigned the task of furthering the development of knowledge-based strategies, identifying elements of their transferability and making such knowledge avail... |
(e) 1999 年 2 月 8 日至 10 日在布宜诺斯艾利斯召开的社区参与预防犯罪专家小组会议查明了在充分尊重人权和法制的情况下 预防和减少犯罪并提高社区安全的成功负责战略的某些关键要素 预防犯罪和刑事司法委员会 各会员国和 | (e) The Expert Group Meeting on Community Involvement on Crime Prevention, held in Buenos Aires from 8 to 10 February 1999, identified some key elements of successful and responsible strategies to prevent and reduce crime and enhance community safety, while fully respecting human rights and the rule of law. Those recom... |
安全理事会 Distr.: General | Security Council Distr.: General |
安全理事会 Distr.: General13 January 2017ChineseOriginal: English17 200117 | 17-00621 (E) 170117 170117 |
*1700621* | *1700621* |
2017 年 1 月 13 日大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国常驻联合国代表给安全 | Letter dated 13 January 2017 from the Permanent Representative |
2017 年 1 月 13 日大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信 | of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council |
谨向你转递 2017 年 1 月 11 日叙利亚反对派和革命力量全国联盟的信(见附件)。请将本函及其附件作为安全理事会的文件分发为荷。 | I have the honour to transmit to you a letter dated 11 January 2017 from the National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces (see annex). I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as a document of the Security Council. |
马修·莱克罗夫特(签名) | (Signed) Matthew Rycroft |
2017 年 1 月 13 日大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信的附件 | Annex to the letter dated 13 January 2017 from the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council |
应高级谈判委员会总协调员里亚德·海贾伯的请求，我谨代表委员会向你转递海贾伯先生 2017 年 1 月 11 日给你的信(见附文)。希贾卜先生在信中论述了瓦迪巴拉达的严峻局势。 | On behalf of the High Negotiations Committee, and as requested by the General Coordinator of the Committee, Riad Hijab, it is my honour to transmit to you a letter dated 11 January 2017 from Mr. Hijab (see enclosure). In his letter, Mr. Hijab discusses the dire situation in Wadi Barada. |
叙利亚全国联盟驻联合国特别代表 | Special Representative of the Syrian National Coalition to the United Nations |
附文 | Enclosure |
[原件：阿拉伯文] | [Original: Arabic] |
我们写信给你是呼吁联合国及其会员国立即处理瓦迪巴拉达目前令人震惊并日益恶化的局势；谴责在瓦迪巴拉达地区活动的巴沙尔·阿萨德和伊朗支持的民兵所犯下的暴行；要求立即停止对平民不分青红皂白的袭击，和严重侵犯人权和违反国际人道主义法的行径；并要求充分和立即遵守停火规定，当地政权声称停火于 2016 年 12 月 29 日已生效。 | We write to you to call upon the United Nations and its Member States to immediately address the alarming and deteriorating situation in Wadi Barada; to condemn the atrocities being perpetrated by Bashar Al-Assad and Iranian-backed militias operating in the Wadi Barada region; to demand an immediate cessation of indisc... |
自 2016 年 12 月 29 日以来，叙利亚政权及其盟友公然违反当时在理论上已然生效的停火，在 399 次违反停火行动中，至少造成 271 人死亡。最严重的违反停火行为是该政权和伊朗支持的民兵对大马士革以西瓦迪巴拉达居民发动的一连串无情袭击，而且在停火生效之后，袭击强度有所加剧。特别是，该政权空军对 Ayn al-Fijah 泉和 Basimah、Kafr Zayt 和 Husayniyah 等村庄进行了连日不断的不人道无情轰炸，包括使用桶装炸弹――其性质就是滥炸――公然违反了公认的国际人道主义法。我们还担心的是，该政权及其盟友将继续其长期以来的既定做法，即蓄意打击该地区的重要基础设施。我们特别感到震惊的是，有报告称，叙利亚政权... | Since 29 December 2016, in flagrant violation of the ceasefire that theoretically went into effect at that time, the regime and its allies have committed more than 399 violations that have resulted in at least 271 deaths. The worst of those violations have been committed against the inhabitants of Wadi Barada west of D... |
瓦迪巴拉达的人口在10万以上。他们每一个人都饱受轰炸加剧和包括粮食、水、电和药品在内人类生活基本必需品前所未有的短缺之苦。自 2015 年中以来，叙利亚政权一直在对瓦迪巴拉达开展“不屈服就挨饿”运动，并利用停火来掩盖这一残暴政策的继续实施。在所谓停火的头三天，该政权采取的野蛮行动致使大约 1 200 人流离失所，而那些坚守者面临的人道主义局势则随着每一小时在不断恶化。 | Wadi Barada has a population of over 100,000 people. Every one of them is suffering as a result of the intensified bombing and unprecedented shortages of the basic necessities of human life, including food, water, electricity and medicine. The regime has been conducting a submit-or-starve campaign against Wadi Barada s... |
违反停火的行为超出了轰炸平民的暴行，并包括空袭人类生活基本必需品。该政权及其盟友摧毁了瓦迪巴拉达的 Ayn al-Fijah 水泵，从而切断大约 550 万民众的供水。这就对人的生命，特别是弱势儿童的生命构成严重威胁，他们会因被迫使用其他无管制水源而越来越有可能患上水媒疾病。蓄意炸毁 Ayn al-Fijah 的水供应是一项重大战争罪，对于这一严重违反国际法的行为，必须追究政权的责任。 | The ceasefire violations go beyond atrocities involving the bombing of civilians, and include air strikes targeting the basic necessities of human life. The regime and its allies are responsible for destroying the Ayn al-Fijah water pump in Wadi Barada, thereby cutting off access to water resources for some 5.5 million... |
我们强调指出，只要叙利亚政权及其盟友继续执行其野蛮和暴力政策，“停火协定”将依然岌岌可危。该政权卑鄙地拒绝遵守休战条件，因而破坏了协定的基础，并将由此导致又一次停火的失败。 | We stress that as long as the Syrian regime and its allies continue their bruta l and violent policies, the ceasefire agreement will continue to hang by a thread. The regime’s abject refusal to abide by the conditions of the truce is undermining the foundations of that agreement, and will leave in its wake the dust of ... |
因此，我们呼吁联合国安全理事会立即制止这些严重违反国际法的行为，并要求追究肇事者的责任。我们请你们不要让这一无耻行为再破坏停火协定，必须立即采取行动，为叙利亚人民带来空前的新希望，从而走上有意义的和平解决的道路。我们还呼吁联合国协助揭露瓦迪巴拉达事实真相的工作，以确定对平民犯下违反国际法行为的责任人。在叙利亚的正义精神，不应当是有罪不罚，而应是问责和法治。我们还要求对影响到千百万人民的水危机问题立即重视起来。必须立即停止这场危机所造成的疾病蔓延和苦难，包括按照安全理事会第 2254(2015)号决议确保人道主义援助畅通无阻。 | We therefore call upon the United Nations Security Council to put an immediate end to these serious violations of international law and call to account the perpetrators. We ask you not to allow this brazen behaviour to send yet another ceasefire agreement to its grave, and instead take immediate action to bring new and... |
我们一如既往地密切关注着叙利亚人民的需要以及摆在我们面前的重大困难。我们重申，我们致力于实现叙利亚冲突的政治解决办法，并确保在叙利亚尊重不可侵犯的人权准则和国际人道主义法。以最终结束这一暴力冲突的过程中，我们期待着你们的合作和援助。 | As always, we keep our gaze firmly fixed on the needs of the Syrian people and the immense difficulties before us. We reiterate our commitment to achieving a political solution to the Syrian conflict and ensuring respect for the inviolable norms of human rights and international humanitarian law in Syria. We look forwa... |
经济及社会理事会 Distr.: General | Economic and Social Council Distr.: General |
22 May 2001 | 22 May 2001 |
01-38466 (C)270601 270601 | 01-38467 (E) 260601 |
01-38466 (C)270601 270601 | *0138467* |
2001 年实质性会议 | Substantive session of 2001 |
2001 年 7 月 2 日至 27 日 日内瓦 | Geneva, 2-27 July 2001 |
临时议程项目 14(f) | Item 14 (f) of the provisional agenda |
社会和人权问题: 向种族主义和种族歧视进行战斗的第三个十年行动纲领 的执行情况 | Social and human rights questions: implementation of the Programme of Action for the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination |
社会和人权问题: 向种族主义和种族歧视进行战斗的第三个十年行动纲领 的执行情况以及世界会议的筹备进程 | Social and human rights questions: implementation of the Programme of Action for the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination and preparatory process for the World Conference |
秘书长的报告 | Report of the Secretary-General |
一. 导言 | I. Introduction |
1. 本报告是应大会第 54/154 号决议的要求编写的 决议请秘书长每年向经济及社会理事会提出一份关于联合国各组织和专门机构为 向种族主义和种族歧视进行战斗而开展的所有活动的详细报告 并分析所收到的有关这些活动的资料 | 1. The present report has been prepared in response to the request of the General Assembly, in its resolution 54/154, that the Secretary-General submit each year to the Economic and Social Council a detailed report on all activities undertaken to combat racism and racial discrimination by United Nations bodies and spec... |
2. 根据人权委员会第 1998/26 号决议 人权事务高级专员办事处 人权专员办事处 将 向种族主义和种族歧视进行战斗的第三个十年行动纲领 的行动重点放在将于 8 月 31 日至 9 月 7 日在南非举行的反对种族主义 种族歧视 仇外心理和有关不容忍问题世界会议的筹备进程上 本报告叙述关于这一进程的情况 | 2. Pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1998/26, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) has focused the activities of the Programme of Action for the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003) on the preparatory process for the World Conference against Racism,... |
3. 鉴于大会要求提供资料 人权专员办事处向联合国各组织和专门机构发出普通照会 要求提供关于反对种族主义和种族歧视活动的资料 截止 2001 年 5 月15 日 已收到以下联合国组织和方案的答复 国际劳工组织 劳工组织 联合国人口基金 人口基金 联合国教育 科学及文化组织 教科文组织 联合国难民事务高级专员办事处 难民专员办事处 | 3. On the basis of the General Assembly’s request for information, OHCHR sent a note verbale to United Nations bodies and specialized agencies requesting information on their activities to combat racism and racial discrimination. As of 15 May 2001, replies had been received from the following United Nations bodies and ... |
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