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(b) 确保审核程序的公平性和透明度，措施包括：确保不遣返声请得到透彻的逐案审查；允许声请人有充足的时间充分表达声请理由、获取和出示关键性证据，如自己医生的专家证据；将酷刑声请上诉委员会的决定作删节后予以公 | (b) Enhance the fairness and transparency of the screening process by, inter alia, ensuring that non-refoulement claims are thoroughly and individually examined; allowing sufficient time for claimants to fully indicate the reasons for their application and to obtain and present crucial evidence, such as their own medic... |
(c) 建立若干机制，使酷刑受害者得到尽早识别、优先进入统一审核机制，并立即得到补救； | (c) Develop mechanisms for the early identification of victims of torture, their priority access to the unified screening mechanism and their immediate access to redress; |
(d) 给予难民和有事实依据的统一审核程序声请人某种替代移徙地位，使他们在程序结束前能够合法留在中国香港，并方便其获得合法工作，从而避免贫困和有辱人格的待遇； | (d) Grant an alternative immigration status to refugees and substantiated unified screening mechanism claimants that would allow them to remain legally in Hong Kong, China until the end of the process and facilitate their access to legal work in order to avoid destitution and degrading treatment; |
(e) 考虑适用 1951 年《关于难民地位的公约》及其 1967 年《议定书》。 | (e) Consider extending to it the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. |
8. 委员会回顾之前的建议(见 CAT/C/HKG/CO/4,第 12 段)，表示继续关切仍在由作为警方单独部门之一的投诉警察课调查对警察的投诉。委员会还表示关切的是，对于投诉警察课调查活动，独立监察警方处理投訴委员会仍是一个自己没有调查权的咨询和监督机构。。委员会表示遗憾的是，中国香港没有提供完整的统计数据，说明投诉警察课在报告所述期间收到的酷刑或虐待投诉的数量(包括滥用警察权力的投诉)，以及这些投诉的结果。委员会还表示关切的是，缺乏独立有效的投诉机制，无法在警务处、入境事务处或惩教署管理的拘留设施内提起投诉而不用担心报复(第 12 条和第 13 条)。 | 8. Recalling its previous recommendation (see CAT/C/HKG/CO/4, para. 12), the Committee remains concerned that investigations of police complaints continue to be conducted by the Complaints Against Police Office, which is a separate division of the police force. It is also concerned that the Independent Police Complaint... |
9. 委员会重申之前的建议：中国香港应考虑建立一个完全独立的机制，有权受理和调查对所有官员的投诉，并确保该特定机构的调查人员与构成投诉理由的行为的嫌疑人之间不存在机构关系或级别关系。委员会还促请中国香港：(a) 确保检控办公室被妥善告知该特定机构受理的所有酷刑或虐待的指控，并在有合理理由相信发生了酷刑和虐待行为时自主启动调查；(b) 在遵守无罪推定原则的前提下，确保被指称的酷刑和虐待行为人立即停职，而且在调查期间维持停职状态；(c) 在所有拘留场所设立保密的投诉机制，以便利酷刑和虐待的受害者向调查机构提交投诉，包括获得医务证据以支持其指控，并确保在实践中保护投诉人，不因投诉或出具任何证据而受到报复；(d) 确保所涉行为的嫌疑人依法得... | 9. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation that Hong Kong, China consider establishing a fully independent mechanism mandated to receive and investigate complaints against all officials and ensure that there is no institutional or hierarchical relationship between the investigators of that particular body ... |
酷刑的定义 | Definition of torture |
10. 中国香港的立场是《刑事犯罪(酷刑)条例》第 2(1)条“包括”一词表明不担任附表所列职位的人仍可以是“公务人员”，但委员会仍然关切的是，“公务人员”一词缺乏一个适用范围更广的定义，可能在实践中无法起诉该附表中没有明确提到的其他官员。此外，委员会关切地注意到，中国香港没有采取行动废除同一《条例》第 3(4)条所载可作为中国香港法律下或非法行为发生地法律下的辩护依据的“合法权限、理由或解释”。委员会就此重申，禁止酷刑是绝对的，不可克减的，不允许任何可能的辩护理由。委员会还认为“合法权限、理由或解释”这种辩护依据的范围宽于《公约》第 1(1)条，因而会导致违背《公约》的不当解读(第 1 条和第 4 条)。 | 10. Notwithstanding the position of Hong Kong, China that the word “includes” in section 2 (1) of the Crimes (Torture) Ordinance makes it clear that a person not holding an office described in the schedule may still be a “public official”, the Committee remains concerned that the absence of a more inclusive definition ... |
11. 委员会重申之前的建议，中国香港应修订立法，在其中纳入完全符合《公约》、涵盖第 1 条所载全部要素的酷刑定义。为此，中国香港应再次考虑：(a) 对“公务人员”一词采用适用范围更广的定义，从而确保可以因酷刑行为起诉所有公务人员或以公务身份行事的其他任何；(b) 废除《刑事犯罪(酷刑)条例》第 3(4)条所载的辩护依据。委员会提请中国香港注意关于执行《公约》第 2 条的第 2 号一般性意见(2007 年)，其中除其他外写明，禁止酷刑这一点是绝对的，不可克减的；不得援引任何特殊情况作为酷刑行为的辩护理由(第 5 段)。委员会还提醒，《公约》中的定义若与国内法中纳入的定义有重大差距，就会出现实际或可能的漏洞，从而导致有罪不罚(第 9段... | 11. The Committee reiterates its previous recommendations that Hong Kong, China should amend its legislation to include a definition of torture that is in full conformity with the Convention and covers all the elements contained in article 1. To that effect, Hong Kong, China should reconsider: (a) Adopting a more inclu... |
拘留问题与基本法律保障 | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards |
12. 委员会表示关切的是，持续有报告称示威活动中的人员受到大规模拘留，以及据称被拘留者的法律保障受到限制。在此方面，委员会注意到中国香港提供的资料，511 人因与 2014 年 7 月 1 日年度游行后的集会相关而被捕；委员会表示关切的是，有资料表明拘留期间仅有 39 名律师与被拘留者会面(第 2 条和第 16条)。 | 12. The Committee is concerned at consistent reports of massive detentions of persons in the context of demonstrations and the alleged restrictions to the detainees’ legal safeguards. In that regard, the Committee takes note of the information provided by Hong Kong, China that 511 persons were arrested in connection wi... |
13. 中国香港应在实践中确保所有被拘留者从自由被剥夺之时起就获得所有基本法律保障，包括有权毫不迟延地获得律师协助、立即获得独立医生的检查和治疗而无须官员的许可、被告知逮捕的原因以及所受任何指控的性质、在拘留场所得到登记、迅速把被捕情况通知近亲属或第三方，并被毫不迟延地带见法官。中国香港应采取有效措施，确保遵守法定逮捕程序，并监测公务人员遵守法律保障措施的情况。中国香港还应确保涉嫌不遵守法律保障措施或无合理理由便逮捕他人的人受到调查，如被定有罪，应依法受到制裁。 | 13. Hong Kong, China should ensure that all detainees are afforded in practice all fundamental legal safeguards from the very outset of their deprivation of liberty, including the right to be assisted by a lawyer without delay; to have immediate access to examination and treatment by independent doctors, without condit... |
控制示威时过度使用武力 | Excessive use of force when containing demonstrations |
14. 委员会表示关切的是，持续有报告说，2014 年为期 79 天的所谓“雨伞”运动或“占中”运动期间曾对示威者过度使用催泪瓦斯、警棍和喷雾。委员会还表示关切的是，持续有报告说，警方对 1,300 多人使用了暴力，约 500 人随后入院。委员会表示关切的是，有指控称，示威者听从指示离开现场时受到警方的性暴力威胁和攻击威胁。此外，委员会关切地注意到反示威者实施的多起暴力事件。对于投诉警察课在抗议期间收到的投诉及其调查情况，委员会关切的是，共有 2,078 名投诉人提起 527 宗投诉，其中只有 172 宗投诉被认为“须汇报”。在这 172 宗须汇报的投诉中，投诉警察课把 151 宗的调查报告提交给独立监察警方处理投诉委员会，投诉课认... | 14. The Committee is concerned at consistent reports of excessive use of tear gas, batons and sprays against protesters during the 79-day protest of the so-called “umbrella” or “occupy” movement in 2014. It is also concerned at consistent reports that police resorted to violence against more than 1300 people, and aroun... |
15. 中国香港应： | 15. Hong Kong, China should: |
(a) 对 2014 年所谓“雨伞”运动或“占中”运动抗议期间警方和反示威者过度使用武力的指控开展独立调查； | (a) Conduct an independent investigation into the allegations of excessive use of force by the police and anti-demonstrators during the so-called “umbrella” or “occupy” movement protest in 2014; |
(b) 依法起诉受到被指控的行为人，包括共同参与这些行为或允许其发生的警官，确保被认定有罪的人被定罪并处以适足刑罚； | (b) Duly prosecute alleged perpetrators, including those officers who were complicit in those acts or allowed them to occur, and ensure that those found guilty are convicted and adequate penalties applied; |
(c) 对受害者提供全面补救，包括公平和适足的赔偿； | (c) Provide full redress to the victims, including fair and adequate compensation; |
(d) 公布警方的一般命令和使用武力的相关准则，确保其符合国际标准； | (d) Publicize the police general orders and related guidelines on the use of force and make sure that they are in compliance with international standards; |
(e) 加强对所有执法人员的持续培训，内容包括：绝对禁止酷刑，使用武力的国际标准，以及执法人员对过度使用武力事件的责任。 | (e) Strengthen ongoing training for all law enforcement officers on the absolute prohibition of torture and on international standards on the use of force, as well as on their liability in the event of excessive use of force. |
16. 委员会注意到中国香港提供的资料说明警方的每个拘留设施都指定了值日官，负责对拘留条件的日常检查，但委员会表示关切的是，缺乏资料说明其任务的独立性和报告义务。关于行政长官任命的巡狱太平绅士，委员会感到遗憾的是缺乏资料说明他们建议的有效性。中国香港也没有提供资料说明入境事务处管理的设施内有哪些现有的监测机制(第 11 条、第 13 条和第 16 条)。 | Monitoring and inspection of places of detention 16. Noting the information provided by Hong Kong, China that Duty officers have been designated at each police detention facility for the day-to-day inspection of the conditions of detention, the Committee is concerned about the lack of information regarding the independ... |
17. 中国香港应授权太平绅士对所有拘留场所进行监测和访问，否则应设立一个独立机构，负责对警务处、惩教署和入境事务处管理的所有拘留场所进行有效的突击访问。这一机构的建议应及时、透明地予以公布，中国香港当局应根据其调查结果采取行动。 | 17. Hong Kong, China should empower the Justices of Peace to monitor and visit all places of detention or, alternatively, establish an independent body with the mandate to carry out effective unannounced visits at all places of detention under the police department, the correctional services department and the immigrat... |
18. 代表团提供的资料表明，2014 年，因纪律处分而受到单独监禁的平均期限是 7.45 天；但委员会仍然表示关切的是，根据《监狱规则》第 63(1)(b)条，这一措施的施用最长可达 28 天。委员会还表示关切的是，可以基于模糊的理由实施《监狱规则》第 68B 条所载的“中止与其他囚犯的交往”措施，例如“为维持秩序或纪律，或为任何囚犯的利益”，起初为期不超过 72 小时，以后可按月作出该命令，没有上限。对于机械约束手段，委员会表示遗憾的是，尽管委员会有具体要求，但中国香港没有提供资料说明使用机械约束手段的种类、平均期限和频率(第 16 条)。 | Solitary confinement and use of restraints 18. Notwithstanding the information provided by the delegation that the average duration of solitary confinement as a result of disciplinary proceedings was 7.45 days in 2014, the Committee remains concerned that this measure can be imposed up to a maximum of 28 days, accordin... |
19. 中国香港应： | 19. Hong Kong, China should: |
(a) 按照国际标准，缩短单独监禁的最长期限，限定单独监禁用作最后措施，尽可能缩短其时间，加以严格监督，并保留司法审查的可能性。中国香港应在法规中制订作出单独监禁决定的清晰、具体标准，说明相关的行为、种类和最长期限； | (a) Reduce the maximum duration of solitary confinement and limit its use as a measure of last resort, for as short a time as possible, under strict supervision and with the possibility of judicial review, in line with international standards. Hong Kong, China should establish clear and specific criteria in its regulat... |
(b) 禁止对监狱中的智力或社会心理残疾人士、青少年、孕妇、养育婴儿的妇女和哺乳母亲使用单独监禁； | (b) Prohibit the use of solitary confinement on persons with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities, juveniles, pregnant women, women with infants and breastfeeding mothers, in prison; |
(c) 确保在对被拘留者实行单独监禁时的正当程序权，例如得到独立听审的权利和上诉权； | (c) Ensure that detainees’ due process rights, such as the right to an independent hearing and to appeal, are respected when subjecting them to solitary confinement; |
(d) 尽可能避免使用约束手段，或者侵犯性较轻的替代办法无效时，才将其用作最后措施，且时间应尽可能短； | (d) Avoid the use of restraints as much as possible or apply them as a measure of last resort, when less intrusive alternatives for control have failed and for the shortest possible time; |
(e) 汇编并定期公布有关单独监禁的使用(包括相关的自杀未遂和自伤情况)的全面分列数据。 | (e) Compile and regularly publish comprehensive disaggregated data on the use of solitary confinement and restraints, including related suicide attempts and self-harm. |
人口贩运和强迫家政工人劳动 | Trafficking in persons and forced labour of domestic workers |
20. 委员会欢迎对《检控守则》作出的修订，把强迫劳动纳入人口贩运的定义中(见上文第 5(d)段)；但委员会关切地注意到，尚未对立法框架作出同步变更。在此方面，委员会对许多报告外(来)佣(工)遭到剥削的案件表示关切。委员会还表示遗憾的是，中国香港继续维持可能助长强迫劳动风险的移民政策，例如关于在雇主家庭的“留宿规定”，以及“两星期规则”，根据这一规则外佣必须在合同终止后两星期内离境。虽然被确定为贩运行为受害者的人有可能获准免于因非法入境而被起诉，但委员会表示关切的是，这种可能性取决于警务处、入境处和劳工处的自由裁量，贩运行为或强迫劳动的受害者仍然因非法逗留而受到起诉(第 2 条、第 12 条、第 13 条、第 14 条和第 16 条... | 20. While welcoming the amendment to the prosecution code to include forced labour within the definition of human trafficking (see para. 5 (d) above), the Committee notes with concern that there has been no parallel change in the legislative framework. In this regard, the Committee is concerned over numerous reports of... |
21. 中国香港应： | 21. Hong Kong, China should: |
(a) 进行必要的立法修订，以采用《联合国打击跨国有组织犯罪公约关于防止、禁止和惩治贩运人口特别是妇女和儿童行为的补充议定书》关于贩运行为的定义； | (a) Take the necessary legislative amendments to adopt the definition of trafficking provided for in the Protocol to Prevent, Supress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime; |
(b) 废除“两星期规则”并允许自住安排，从而避免外佣受到酷刑和虐待； | (b) Abolish the “two week rule” and allow live-out arrangements to prevent torture and ill-treatment of migrant domestic workers; |
(c) 修订立法，禁止同职业介绍所和融资公司作出与债务奴役相关的资金安排，消除关于必须把职业介绍所用作中介的强制要求，并且降低过高收费； | (c) Amend legislation to prohibit financial arrangements related to debt bondage with employment agencies and finance companies, eliminate the mandatory requirement of using employment agencies as intermediaries and reduce the excessive fees charged; |
(d) 大力实施相关立法框架，开展迅速、透彻、有效和公正的调查，在起诉和定罪的案件中，对人口贩运和强迫劳动的犯罪行为人包括对涉案官员和机构应处以适当刑罚； | (d) Vigorously enforce the relevant legislative framework, carry out prompt, thorough, effective and impartial investigations and, in cases of prosecutions and convictions, punish trafficking and forced labour offenders, including officials and agencies involved, with appropriate penalties; |
(e) 对在一线接触人口贩运的人员提供识别贩运行为受害者的专门培训，特别是因卖淫或入境违规而被捕的妇女，对此类受害者立即提供康复和援助； | (e) Provide specialized training to those with front-line exposure to human trafficking on the identification of victims of trafficking, particularly women arrested for prostitution or immigration violations, and provide such victims with immediate rehabilitation and assistance; |
(f) 向人口贩运和强迫劳动的所有受害者提供有效救济，不论其是否有能力在针对贩运者的法律诉讼中提供合作，均保证其获得及时且适足的心理支持、医护、社会福利、适足的庇护所和工作许可； | (f) Provide an effective remedy to all victims of trafficking and forced labour and ensure they receive prompt and adequate psychological support, medical care, access to welfare benefits, adequate shelter and work permits, irrespective of their ability to cooperate in the legal proceedings against traffickers; |
(g) 加强双边、区域和国际合作，防止贩运行为和强迫劳动，尤其与外佣的派遣国合作，从而根除事实上的债务奴役合同、条件严苛的贷款协议和过高的中介收费。 | (g) Strengthen bilateral, regional and international cooperation to prevent trafficking and forced labour, particularly with those countries sending domestic migrant workers, to eradicate de facto debt-bondage contracts, aggressive loan agreements and excessive agency charges. |
移交逃犯与被判刑人士 | Surrender of fugitive offenders and transfer of sentenced persons |
22. 委员会注意到，代表团的立场是，与中国大陆就移交逃犯和被判刑人士的安排进行的协商是内部事务，对这些安排不可视为《公约》第 3 条和第 8 条下的引渡协议。然而，委员会认为，中国香港有义务预防被移交的罪犯或被判刑人士回到中国大陆或经由中国澳门移交后在被拘留或入狱期间面临酷刑或虐待的风险(第 2 条和第 3 条)。 | 22. The Committee notes the delegation’s position that the negotiations with mainland China on arrangements for the surrender of fugitive offenders and the transfer of sentenced persons are a matter of internal affairs and that those arrangements could not be considered as extradition agreements that would fall under a... |
23. 委员会促请中国香港，确保关于把罪犯或被判刑人士从中国香港或经由中国澳门移交给中国大陆的任何协议符合《公约》义务，并且含有充足的法律保障措施、适当的司法监督机制，以及移交后的有效监督安排，从而保护逃犯在返回或间接移交后不受酷刑或虐待。如果有重大理由相信逃犯在回国或间接通过中国澳门移交后有受到酷刑或虐待的危险，中国香港不应将该逃犯移交给中国大陆。 | 23. The Committee urges Hong Kong, China to ensure that any agreement on the surrender of offenders or transfer of sentenced persons from Hong Kong, China to mainland China or via Macao, China is in line with the obligations of the Convention and contains sufficient legal safeguards, appropriate judicial oversight mech... |
培训 | Training |
24. 委员会欢迎中国香港努力向卫生专业人员和入境处官员提供关于《伊斯坦布尔议定书》的培训(上文第 5(c)段)，但委员会表示遗憾的是，缺乏资料说明制订要求在实践中运用该议定书的准则的情况。委员会还表示遗憾的是，缺乏数据说明接受过关于《公约》规定和关于预防酷刑培训的人员的比例(第 10 条)。 | 24. While welcoming the efforts of Hong Kong, China to provide training on the Istanbul Protocol to health professionals and immigration officers (para. 5 (c) above), the Committee regrets the lack of information on the development of guidelines requiring its use in practice. The Committee also regrets the lack of data... |
25. 中国香港应为所有参与处理和拘禁被剥夺自由者的官员提供关于《伊斯坦布尔议定书》的培训，并制订要求工作人员在实践中运用该议定书的准则或规章。中国香港还应确保为所有官员以定期和强制方式组织关于《公约》规定和关于《伊斯坦布尔议定书》的培训，辅以执行准则，并制订评估这些教育和培训方案有效性的方法。 | 25. Hong Kong, China should extend the training on the Istanbul Protocol to all officials involved in the treatment and custody of persons deprived of their liberty and develop guidelines or regulations requiring staff to use it in practice. Hong Kong, China should also ensure that the training on the provisions of the... |
补救和恢复 | Redress and rehabilitation |
26. 委员会表示遗憾的是，缺乏资料说明是否存在一个可依法执行的康复权，是否存在一个向酷刑受害者提供这些服务的切实机制(第 14 条)。 | 26. The Committee regrets the lack of information on whether there is an enforceable legal right to rehabilitation and a concrete mechanism in place for providing such services to victims of torture (art. 14). |
27. 委员会回顾关于缔约国对第 14 条的执行的第 3 号一般性意见(2013 年)，促请中国香港： | 27. The Committee, recalling its general comment No. 3 (2013) on the implementation of article 14 by States parties, urges Hong Kong, China to: |
(a) 采取必要的立法和行政措施，保障酷刑和虐待的受害者得益于一切形式的补救，包括恢复原状、赔偿、康复、满足和保障不重犯； | (a) Take the necessary legislative and administrative measures to guarantee that victims of torture and ill-treatment benefit from all forms of redress, including restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition; |
(b) 全面评估酷刑受害者的需要，确保具备专门、整体的康复服务，并且可以不受歧视地及时加以利用。 | (b) Fully assess the needs of torture victims and ensure that specialized, holistic rehabilitation services are available and promptly accessible without discrimination. |
变性人和双性人 | Transgender and intersex persons |
28. 委员会欢迎成立性别承认问题跨部门工作组(上文第 5(e)段)，但表示关切的是，有报告称变性人为了获得对其性别认同的法律承认，必须完成性别再造手术，其中包括去除生殖器官、绝育和生殖器再造术。委员会还表示关切的是，双性儿童为确定性别必须在年幼时就接受不必要且不可逆的手术。委员会还对这些做法造成的长期身心创伤表示关切(第 10 条、第 12 条、第 14 条和第 16 条)。 | 28. While welcoming the set-up of an interdepartmental working group on gender recognition (see para. 5 (e) above), the Committee is concerned about reports that transgender persons are required to have completed sex-reassignment surgery, which includes the removal of reproductive organs, sterilization and genital reco... |
29. 中国香港应： | 29. Hong Kong, China should: |
(a) 采取必要的立法、行政和其他措施，保障尊重变性人和双性人的自主和身心完整，包括取消关于变性人性别认同法律承认的侮辱性前提条件，例如绝育； | (a) Take the necessary legislative, administrative and other measures to guarantee respect for the autonomy and physical and psychological integrity of transgender and intersex persons, including by removing abusive preconditions for the legal recognition of the gender identity of transgender persons, such as steriliza... |
(b) 保障为所有双性儿童及其父母提供公正的咨询服务，以便向他们告知为决定儿童性别而接受不必要和非紧迫手术和其他医治的后果，并向他们告知将这种治疗或手术的决定推迟到当事人具备自主决定能力之时的可能性； | (b) Guarantee impartial counselling services for all intersex children andtheir parents, so as to inform them of the consequences of unnecessary and non-urgent surgery and other medical treatment to decide on the sex of the child and the possibility of postponing any decision on such treatment or surgery until the pers... |
(c) 保障在与双性人的医治和手术治疗相关的方面做到充分、自由和知情同意，把非紧迫、不可逆的医学干预推迟到儿童足够成熟，能参与决定并能作出充分、自由和知情同意； | (c) Guarantee that full, free and informed consent is ensured in connection with medical and surgical treatments for intersex persons and that non-urgent, irreversible medical interventions are postponed until a child is sufficiently mature to participate in decision-making and give full, free and informed consent; |
(d) 为这些做法对一些双性人造成的身心创伤提供适足补救。 | (d) Provide adequate redress for the physical and psychological suffering caused by such practices to some intersex persons. |
后续程序 | Follow-up procedure |
30. 委员会请中国香港在 2016 年 12 月 9 日前提供资料，说明针对第 7(b)段、第 9 段和第 13 段所载委员会建议采取的后续行动。在此方面，请中国香港向委员会通报准备在下一个报告周期内落实本结论性意见中部分或全部其余建议的计划。 | 30. The Committee requests Hong Kong, China to provide, by 9 December 2016, information on follow-up to the Committee’s recommendations in paragraphs 7 (b), 9 and 13. In that context, Hong Kong, China is invited to inform the Committee about its plans for implementing, within the coming reporting period, some or all of... |
其他问题 | Other issues |
31. 请中国香港以适当的语文通过官方网站、媒体和非政府组织广泛传播提交给委员会的报告和本结论性意见。 | 31. Hong Kong, China is requested to disseminate widely the report submitted to the Committee and the present concluding observations, in appropriate languages, through official websites, the media and non-governmental organizations. |
联合国 A/74/6 (Sect. 20) | United Nations A/74/6 (Sect. 20) |
大 会 Distr.: General | General Assembly Distr.: General |
4 April 2019 | 4 April 2019 |
(C) 250419 100519 | 19-02404 (E) 070519 |
*1902404* | *1902404* |
第七十四届会议 | Seventy-fourth session |
暂定项目表* 项目 137 和 1382020 年拟议方案预算方案规划2020 年拟议方案预算第五编区域合作促进发展第 20 款欧洲经济发展方案 17欧洲经济发展目录 页次前言........................................................................................................................................... 3总方向........................................................................................... | Items 137 and 138 of the preliminary list* Proposed programme budget for 2020 Programme planning Proposed programme budget for 2020 Part V Regional cooperation for development Section 20 Economic development in Europe Programme 17 Economic development in Europe Contents Page Foreword ................................ ..... |
至关重要的是，欧洲经委会为挽救生命做出了贡献。欧洲监测和评价方案指导机构和《远距离越境空气污染公约》(1979 年)的影响问题工作组在《为了更清洁的空气：2016 年科学评估报告》中估计，为减少包括颗粒物在内的空气污染物而采取的减少措施已导致欧洲平均预期寿命延长一年。我特别感到鼓舞的是，国际社会支持我们动员联合国和成员国努力至迟于 2020 年将道路交通事故死伤人数减少一半，这对于本区域的可持续发展至关重要。 | Critically, ECE contributes to saving lives. In Towards Cleaner Air: Scientific Assessment Report 2016, the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Steering Body and Working Group on Effects of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (1979) estimated that abatement measures for the reduction of ai... |
欧洲经委会通过努力促进经济发展，推动开展更密切的合作以及改善欧洲大陆人口的生活条件。不过，为了确保有效支持成员国执行《2030 年可持续发展议程》，这个已成立 71 年的组织必须接受变革。《2030 年议程》的全球性需要紧密的国际合作和伙伴关系，这是欧洲经委会工作的核心，迫使我们重新思考活动重点和工作方法。除了要使欧洲经委会的工作方案与可持续发展目标保持一致外，我启动了一项综合工作，以加强欧洲经委会工作的影响，并确保欧洲经委会胜任使命，即应对 2030 年前本区域新出现的需求、发展挑战和机遇。这包括但不限于扩大与 18 000 多名专家组成的网络的合作，促进加强内部协同增效作用，以及与整个区域的利益攸关方建立更加密切的伙伴关系及合作... | Through its efforts to promote economic development, ECE contributes to closer cooperation and to improving the living conditions of the population on the continent. However, to ensure effective support for member States in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, our 71-year-old organization must embr... |
欧洲经委会的历史表明，国际合作如何能为人民和地球带来积极影响。本文件所载的拟议预算提供具体资料，说明欧洲经委会为应对本区域各种挑战而已在 2018 年实现的成果和计划在 2020 年实现的成果。在这方面，欧洲经委会期待在今后几年里为其成员国服务，并为此推进区域经济合作和一体化，在欧洲经委会区域实现《2030 年议程》所载目标方面取得进展。 | The history of ECE demonstrates how international cooperation delivers positive results for people and for the planet. The budget proposal contained in the present document provides concrete information on ECE results achieved in 2018 and those planned for 2020 to address challenges in the region. In that context, ECE ... |
奥莉加·阿尔加耶罗娃(签名) | (Signed) Olga Algayerova |
第五编 区域合作促进发展 | Part V Regional cooperation for development |
总方向 | Overall orientation |
任务和背景 | Mandates and background |
20.1 欧洲经济委员会(欧洲经委会)负责推动其成员国间的经济一体化及合作，并促进欧洲经委会区域的可持续发展和经济繁荣。这一任务源自经济及社会理事会相关决议确定的优先事项，包括关于欧洲经委会改革工作计划和 2005 年欧洲经委会改革审查结果的决议(分别为第 2006/38 号和第 2013/1 号决议)，以及经社理事会 1947 年 3 月 28 日第 36(IV)号决议。 | 20.1 The Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) is responsible for facilitating economic integration and cooperation among its member States and promoting sustainable development and economic prosperity in the ECE region. The mandate derives from the priorities e stablished in relevant Economic and Social Council resolut... |
20.2 欧洲经委会提供了一个区域政府间平台，以应对一直是成员国主要关切问题的经济和环境挑战，比如促进该区域持续经济增长和可持续出行、便利贸易和经济一体化、保护环境、确保灵活和有效的能源供应、加强衡量可持续发展的能力以及应对人口趋势的影响。欧洲经委会还通过执行技术合作经常方案和发展账户下的项目，为发展各国政府制定和执行可持续发展政策的能力提供支持。 | 20.2 ECE provides a regional intergovernmental platform from which to address economic and environmental challenges that remain a source of primary concern to member States, such as promoting sustained economic growth and sustainable mobility in the region, facilitating trade and economic integration, protecting the en... |
与《联合国宪章》、可持续发展目标和其他变革议程保持一致 | Alignment with the Charter of the United Nations, the Sustainable Development Goals and other transformative agendas |
20.3 委员会的任务授权指导各次级方案制定各自应交付的产出，从而帮助实现每个次级方案的宗旨。这些次级方案的宗旨与《联合国宪章》第一条规定的本组织宗旨保持一致，即促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，增进并激励对于全体人类之人权及基本自由之尊重。《2030 年可持续发展议程》中的可持续发展目标体现了《联合国宪章》第一条规定的各项宗旨。图 20.一汇总了各次级方案的宗旨及连带应 | 20.3 The mandates of the Commission guide the subprogrammes in producing their respective deliverables, which contribute to the attainment of each subprogramme ’s objective. The objectives of the subprogrammes are aligned with the Organization’s purpose to achieve international cooperation in solving international prob... |
目标体现了《联合国宪章》第一条规定的各项宗旨。图 20.一汇总了各次级方案的宗旨及连带应交付产出所对应的具体可持续发展目标。 | Figure 20.I summarizes the specific Sustainable Development Goals with which the objectives, and therefore the deliverables, of the respective subprogrammes are aligned. |
第 20 款 欧洲经济发展 | Section 20 Economic development in Europe |
图 20.一 | Figure 20.I |
欧洲经济发展：各次级方案与可持续发展目标保持一致 | Economic development in Europe: alignment of subprogrammes with Sustainable Development Goals |
20.4 各次级方案的宗旨与可持续发展目标保持一致，并以符合欧洲经委会法定任务的相互关联核心职能为基础，即：(a) 政策对话；(b) 规范性工作；(c) 技术援助。欧洲经委会的政府间实体，特别是委员会及其各部门委员会，为欧洲经委会支持各国政府和其他利益攸关方推动落实可持续发展目标提供了基础。通过召开年度可持续发展问题区域论坛，欧洲经委会还为跟进和审查这些目标提供了一个全区域平台，重点是同行学习和交流务实的解决办法。 | 20.4 The alignment of the subprogrammes’ objectives with the Sustainable Development Goals builds on the core interlinked functions that are consistent with the legislative mandates of ECE, namely: (a) policy dialogue; (b) normative work; and (c) technical assistance. The intergovernmental entiti es of ECE, notably the... |
20.5 这项宗旨也与《亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》、《维也纳宣言》和《内陆发展中国家 2014-2024 年十年维也纳行动纲领》以及《新城市议程》保持一致。 | 20.5 The objective is also aligned with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the Vienna Declaration and the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024 and the New Urban Agenda. |
20.6 2018 年 5 月，大会第 72/279 号决议核准了联合国发展系统改革的初步阶段。秘书长发起的这一改革具有深远意义旨在加强发展系统和激励其努力支持《2030 年可持续发展议程》和《第三次发展筹资问题国际会议亚的斯亚贝巴行动议程》的执行工作。大会重申各区域经济委员会在支持实现可持续发展目标方面发挥的作用，同时认识到每个区域环境的具体情况。 | 20.6 In May 2018, the General Assembly, in its resolution 72/279, approved the initial phase of the far-reaching reform of the United Nations development system, launched by the Secretary-General with a view to strengthening the development system and galvanizing its work in support of the implementation of the 2030 Ag... |
20.7 欧洲经委会区域的会员国仍然在应对可持续发展目标的复杂性方面面临挑战。综合应对多部门问题，包括确保包容性和持续的经济增长，调动大规模的发展筹资，应对不可持续的消费和生产模式，以及正视环境挑战，至关重要。要以全面和综合的方式解决这些挑战，就必须作出协调一致的多部门努力。 | 20.7 Member States in the ECE region continued to face challenges in addressing the complexity of the Sustainable Development Goals. An integrated response to multisectoral issues, including ensuring inclusive and sustained economic growth, mobilizing large-scale development financing, addressing unsustainable consumpt... |
2020 年战略和外部因素 | Strategy and external factors for 2020 |
20.8 考虑到区域一级面临的上述挑战，并认识到发展系统改革构想，欧洲经委会已开始对其工作进行战略调整，加强与其他国际组织、私营部门和民间社会的伙伴关系，并更加注重在各级别交付成果。 | 20.8 Mindful of the above-mentioned challenges at the regional level and cognizant of the vision of the reform of the development system, ECE has initiated a strategic realignment of its work, reinforcing its partnerships with other international organizations, the private sector and civil society, with a sharpened foc... |
20.9 本方案的战略以综合可持续发展办法和其各项任务的执行为基础，并建立在以下八个次级方案间的协同增效作用和注重成果的工作基础上：1. 环境；2. 运输；3. 统计；4. 经济合作和一体化；5. 可持续能源；6. 贸易；7. 林业和木材；8. 住房、土地管理和人口。 | 20.9 The strategy of the programme is based on an integrated approach to sustainable development and the implementation of its mandates, and it builds on synergies between and the results-oriented work of its eight subprogrammes, namely: 1. Environment; 2. Transport; 3. Statistics; 4. Economic cooperation and integrati... |
20.10 为推进大会关于加强全球道路安全的第 72/271 号决议，预计将扩大欧洲经委会的活动，以确保有效支持联合国会员国努力落实“道路安全行动十年”的各项宗旨和目标以及《2030 年议程》中有关道路安全的具体目标，这一点在次级方案 2 下进一步详述。 | 20.10 In furtherance of General Assembly resolution 72/271 on improving global road safety, an expansion of the activities of ECE is foreseen to ensure effective support of United Nations Member States’ efforts on the implementation of the objectives and goals of the Decade of Action for Road Safety and the road safety... |
20.11 通过提供多部门政策咨询和能力建设来深化欧洲经委会的综合办法，将促进各国执行《2030 年议程》。欧洲经委会将在多项可持续发展目标交汇的以下四个关系领域加强其八个次级方案之间的跨部门合作，即：(a) 可持续利用自然资源；(b) 可持续和智能城市；(c) 可持续出行和智能连通性；(d) 衡量和监测可持续发展目标的落实情况。这类合作将使欧洲经委会能够最大程度地发挥现有协同增效作用，提高其工作效率，并对其支持各国落实各项目标的行动产生倍增效应。 | 20.11 Deepening the integrated approach of ECE by providing multisectoral policy advice and capacity-building will facilitate the countries’ implementation of the 2030 Agenda. ECE will strengthen cross-sectoral collaboration among its eight subprogrammes in four nexus areas at which multiple Sustainable Development Goa... |
20.12 在执行这项战略的过程中，欧洲经委会将为其 56 个成员国之间开展关于经济和环境问题的区域政策对话提供一个中立平台。本方案的规范性工作将侧重于制订和执行国际法律文书、规范和标准以及查明和传播区域内外的最佳做法。本方案还将促进与转型期经济体的技术合作，以争取实现整个区域的可持续发展。 | 20.12 In implementing this strategy, ECE will provide a neutral platform for regional policy dialogue on economic and environmental issues among its 56 member States. The normative work of the programme will be focused on the development and implementation of international legal instruments, norms and standards and the... |
20.13 在外部因素方面，2020 年总计划所依据的是以下规划假设： | 20.13 With regard to external factors, the overall plan for 2020 is based on the following planning assumptions: |
(a) 成员国继续支持欧洲经委会的工作； | (a) Member States continue to support the work of ECE; |
(b) 所有国家一级相关利益攸关方都有配合执行欧洲经委会法律文书、规范和标准的政治意愿和充分能力； | (b) All relevant stakeholders at the national level have the political will and sufficient capacity to cooperate in implementing the ECE legal instruments, norms and standards; |
(c) 继续获得自愿资源。 | (c) Voluntary resources continue to be available. |
20.14 欧洲经委会在以往工作的基础上，酌情将性别平等视角纳入其业务活动、应交付产出和成果，包括次级方案 6 下支持中亚女商人的项目。2020 年，管理欧洲经委会各次级方案的所有部门委员会将把性别平等视角主流化列入其工作议程，并将评估欧洲经委会所有技术合作项目对性别问题的影响，委员会将继续开展有关性别平等和经济的工作，包括为中亚女企业家开展的能力建设活动。 | 20.14 ECE integrates a gender perspectivein its operational activities, deliverables and results, as appropriate, building on its previous work, including projects to support women traders in Central Asia under subprogramme 6. In 2020, all sectoral committees governing the ECE subprogrammes will include gender mainstre... |
20.15 在与其他实体合作方面，欧洲经委会和亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会(亚太经社会)联合开展的联合国中亚经济体特别方案将继续充当欧洲经委会与中亚其他相关利益攸关方合作并为特别方案成员国执行《2030 年可持续发展议程》提供支助的主要框架。 | 20.15 With regard to cooperation with other entities, the United Nations Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia, implemented jointly by ECE and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), will continue to serve as the major framework for ECE cooperation with other relevant stakehol... |
20.16 在机构间合作方面，欧洲经委会的工作将建立在已经与其他联合国实体、国际和区域组织以及国际金融机构结成的战略伙伴关系的基础上，例如联合国粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)、联合国贸易和发展会议(贸发会议)、联合国环境规划署、联合国开发计划署、国际贸易中心、世界贸易组织、经济合作与发展组织(经合组织)、欧洲安全与合作组织、世界银行等。工作的重点将再次放在本着《2030 年议程》的精神加强与私营部门和民间社会的伙伴关系并以此为基础上。将通过联合举措、方案和项目寻求与其他区域委员会合作，以加强知识管理。欧洲经委会将继续目前在区域和国家两级与其他联合国实体进行的合作。在区域一级上，欧洲经委会将继续领导欧洲和中亚区域协调机制，促进联合国各区域... | 20.16 With regard to inter-agency cooperation, ECE work will build on strategic partnerships already established with other United Nations entities, international and regional organizations and international financial institutions, for example, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the Unit... |
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