id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3MDKGGG61QN9VQV6TMI8OKWZ4BB6TO | biomed | In the F2, mice homozygous for the hg deletion (hg/hg) and wild type (+/+) were assayed and hg modifier QTL were defined as those either absent in +/+ mice and segregating in hg/hg or loci with altered gene action dependent on background. | background | 0.15 | very easy |
3L1EFR8WWT5MU4F3W9GVRQ8032J9F0 | biomed | These observations led to the hypothesis that the autoimmune phenotype described in some gene-targeted mice might be due primarily to combinations of as-yet-uncharacterised background genes, originating from 129 and C57BL/6 mice strains, interacting or not with the mutated allele. | background | 0.2 | easy |
3OID399FXG7YXUSK8PLXDMRQUNSFDH | biomed | The same consideration applies to other genes located in the same Chromosome 1 region that have been implicated in the development of SLE when inactivated by gene-targeting in 129 embryonic stem cells and then backcrossed onto a pure genetic background (Bolland and Ravetch 2000; Miwa et al. 2002; Wu et al. 2002). | background | 0.223684 | easy |
3N7PQ0KLI5P89OQRKPVFIVKER9T3EU | biomed | Moreover, both types of amyloid, diffuse and fibrillar, remained intact throughout treatment. | types | 0.115385 | very easy |
38EHZ67RIMS7FOUSW2QIEXEW4GPMGA | biomed | Making specific anatomic distinctions among these types of defects can be difficult without direct gross (intraoperative or postmortem) examination. | types | 0.15625 | very easy |
375VMB7D4JJI7LUA9XRIGJ4IAFPDIB | biomed | First, it is possible that there are two distinct types of rod precursor; loss of Nr2e3 in one leads to S-cone fate and in the other results in a hybrid cell type. | types | 0.15625 | very easy |
3UL5XDRDNCJUE234L5X85IMCU2N58O | biomed | Almost all cell types can recognize, respond to, and ingest apoptotic cells by using specific sets of phagocytic receptors that bind to specific ligands on apoptotic cells. | types | 0.178571 | very easy |
3A3KKYU7P3H3CAKSB7U0000KY4FMW9 | biomed | Adult skeletal muscle shows plasticity and can undergo conversion between different fiber types in response to exercise training or modulation of motoneuron activity (Booth and Thomason 1991, Jarvis et al. 1996; Pette 1998; Olson and Williams 2000; Hood 2001). | types | 0.232143 | easy |
32CXT5U14G3BZHTJM65GDUESTJFU8U | biomed | Determining which activating E2fs promote death in distinct Rb KO tissues requires conditional rather than germ line models of Rb deletion to avoid secondary indirect effects (such as hypoxia). | effects | 0.116667 | very easy |
33BFF6QPI1B2QOCI5PPL41REYDZ3WB | biomed | The hg modifier QTL located within the HG17 strain had large effects on growth, body length and carcass components. | effects | 0.25 | easy |
32W3UF2EZOLEUMPHOCU32CCHKXD4CO | biomed | Modifier QTL have been mapped for numerous traits and in these studies the modified locus is typically a known gene containing a spontaneously arisen or engineered mutation with major phenotypic effects, such as hg [11,19-21]. | effects | 0.265625 | easy |
38B7Q9C28G5QBBMSVGDRXKVNA3A69O | biomed | Thus, independent of E2f1-mediated effects on division and death, Rb does regulate neuronal differentiation, but only in specific neurons and, unexpectedly, through E2f3a, not tissue-specific differentiation factors. | division | 0.175 | very easy |
36KM3FWE3RCRJHCKEUZQANUQ2A670I | biomed | Another reason is that the use of old multiparous mice mimicked the RA situation (older women is the major risk group). | group | 0.116667 | very easy |
3JYPJ2TAYI87MRVADYCSDG8F860PFA | biomed | Prior to these initiatives this work was carried out in part by the investigation of spontaneous mutations that cause disorders in mouse breeding colonies. | investigation | 0.173077 | very easy |
3NSM4HLQNRUPDSMYRR2BPK23K4VQQW | biomed | Extraembryonic development in Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 embryos is associated with mildly elevated levels expression of Hnf4 in the primitive endoderm and Pem in the lopsided anterior chorion but the expression of other known signals, such as Bmp4 from the extraembryonic ectoderm, and Dkk1 and Lefty1 from the AVE, appear to be normal, although the slight increase in Dkk-1 expression in Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 embryos suggests that further investigation into Wnt signaling is warranted. | investigation | 0.235294 | easy |
36AZSFEYZ40UEUGQU8ZV0I6CFW9VBJ | biomed | One can speculate about an involvement of Annexin A7 in the regulation of these Ca2+-dependent processes, propositions that need further investigation. | investigation | 0.25 | easy |
37SOB9Z0SSXMFU0J1BIJVQAY06UL3Z | biomed | There are at least two possible explanations for these differences. | explanations | 0.216667 | easy |
3P888QFVX3UMSG9ICEA70F7353DOQM | biomed | However, there are alternative explanations for the observed correlation of CEBPG with antioxidant and DNA repair genes in non-BC individuals. | explanations | 0.21875 | easy |
3GV1I4SEO9PLCDN1KDGH2TMIAYP6LL | biomed | TRIP13 was originally discovered to be an interactor with rat thyroid receptor beta (THRB; [54]), but the relationship between THRB and TRIP13 in meiosis is unknown. | relationship | 0.125 | very easy |
3J9UN9O9J3SK3CDMF3ONDDZZT510JD | biomed | Thus, the identification and functional characterization of new members of the TACC family in other organisms, alternatively spliced isoforms of each TACC and comparison of the phylogenetic relationship of these genes relative to other members of the coiled coil superfamily will resolve this issue and provide clues to the evolution of TACC function. | relationship | 0.205882 | easy |
3P7QK0GJ3TLHZ1L4CCVNKVG491WZ2F | biomed | Moreover an inverse relationship between lower dopamine D2R levels and compulsive behavior in human subjects has been reported [22]. | relationship | 0.236842 | easy |
3HEM8MA6H9C4DGLJRENMPFCTF84QP0 | biomed | Considering that THRB knockout mice are viable and fertile [56], the functional relationship between TRIP13 and its receptor THRB in meiosis is unclear. | relationship | 0.267857 | easy |
3UZUVSO3P7V9VAY1Q70UEUTKR05EMG | biomed | To integrate these findings, we investigated the genetic relationship of Sry, Sox9, Fgf9, and Wnt4 in the regulatory network that governs the gonadal field. | relationship | 0.285714 | easy |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KYAR4B | biomed | Crx-/- photoreceptors demonstrate a complete block in outer segment formation at the elongation stage. | block | 0.125 | very easy |
3RTFSSG7T86J6S27BVTL0NLVYZPWLH | biomed | In such a study, individuals matched for smoking history will be monitored for development of BC over time. | study | 0.125 | very easy |
39KMGHJ4RZAD16C0TVEHV8K3UW000B | biomed | According to the paradigm used in this study, a) a normal phenotype results from regulated transcription of a group of genes by one or more transcription factors, b) the corresponding risk-conferring or disease phenotype results from sub-optimal interaction among those same genes, and c) each phenotype is identifiable and distinguishable through virtually-multiplexed transcript abundance analysis. | study | 0.147059 | very easy |
3V7ICJJAZAGVKHXBACY8RS6Z2C74BB | biomed | The results of the current study support this hypothesis. | study | 0.161765 | very easy |
360ZO6N6J1JS0E7KIWK8MGS904N9M1 | biomed | Interestingly, although the C57BL/6 SLE-susceptibility region on Chromosome 3 is novel, disease-modifying alleles derived from C57BL/10 and C57BL/6 strains have been mapped to a portion of Chromosome 3 close to the region identified in this study (Morel et al. 1999; Haywood et al. 2000). | study | 0.194444 | very easy |
382GHPVPHSRQHMTYVJJ2998NELT43L | biomed | For this study, an inducible, liver-specific Mtf1 knockout mouse line was generated to perform a search for MTF-1 target genes and cadmium-inducible genes in the adult liver. | study | 0.261905 | easy |
302OLP89DZ7TWB5YXD4UFFYHC73CA1 | biomed | Previous experiments with this technique revealed that deletion of Mtf1 from the liver after birth is no longer lethal under non-stress conditions (26). | conditions | 0.25 | easy |
31HLTCK4BLVQ5BO1AUR91TX9V91VG0 | biomed | Under cold challenge conditions, however, MCAD−/− mice were unable to maintain body temperature. | conditions | 0.2625 | easy |
3LG268AV3860SQBTVFWB0TNUXNAERA | biomed | Thus, depletion of p150CAF-1 protein from this stage allows a maximum of two additional cell divisions before developmental arrest. | maximum | 0.161765 | very easy |
3E22YV8GG16JAJ8RBMV5LLHOAYFNPA | biomed | Recent electrophysiological data demonstrate that dopamine D2R's are located on glutamatergic terminal axons of olfactory nerves and depress excitatory input of the olfactory nerve to the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb [30,31]. | cells | 0.125 | very easy |
37YYO3NWHDQHPQ2WHR0LLAO5CAUCC9 | biomed | More recently, the finding has been reported that integrin-mediated cell migration of tissue culture cells can be controlled by distinct ADAMs [12]. | cells | 0.196429 | very easy |
3VGZ74AYTGGU62I1JDW4B19KA2GGCH | biomed | In both CHO cells and Capn4-/- MEFs, calpain was shown to influence cell proliferation, but only at very low cell densities [5]. | cells | 0.205882 | easy |
3IVEC1GSLPZKA1Y4BMSNRII9YX61JG | biomed | JHL carried out current measurements on strial marginal cells. | cells | 0.236111 | easy |
37ZQELHEQ0YDPGBEJ63D4HNT5T4NME | biomed | Only a few mutant mice generated by RMCE in ES cells have been reported, but the RMCE systematically introduced a selectable marker (15–17), or, when tested without an incoming marker, proved inefficient (12). | cells | 0.265625 | easy |
3LEG2HW4UFNBUKU4B01GH30MXW3F28 | biomed | The long-term effectiveness of this approach in either humans or model systems, however, has not been reported. | systems | 0.194444 | very easy |
3PKVGQTFIHKYYVSKVG857WFAFZEYR8 | biomed | Antagonism of WNT signals may be a multistep process involving both the transcriptional down-regulation of Wnt4 observed in this study and the destabilization of downstream Wnt intracellular pathways that antagonize SOX9 expression, as shown in chondrocyte differentiation [ 49], or that compete for intracellular signal transducers as has been reported in other systems [ 50, 51]. | systems | 0.25 | easy |
3WKGUBL7SZM7XQJN1PN25V24E6QL4K | biomed | In addition to their expression in brain, both Annexin A7 isoforms have only been described in heart muscle and red blood cells [5-8]. | heart | 0.125 | very easy |
3AJA9FLWSCYF558603M84J73MTYIFM | biomed | This information will significantly aid QTL cloning by providing another filter to screen candidates. | information | 0.125 | very easy |
3DW3BNF1GHIBCWIJRWFL9GGB7QO8VX | biomed | All of these genes are excellent functional and positional hg modifier candidate genes and this information can be incorporated into future fine mapping studies. | information | 0.225 | easy |
3HO4MYYR12OOV3AVTR8ITGI1NPIU63 | biomed | The presence of annexin A7 may alter the membrane flexibility in that it supports the typical biconcave membrane shape and leads to a lower minimal osmotic resistance. | presence | 0.125 | very easy |
3WGZLY9VCHMPIFIX0BFR3UA47JFD8Y | biomed | Although BMPs were originally isolated on the basis of their ability to induce ectopic bone formation, their presence in articular cartilage and strong effect on cartilage formation has stimulated interest in using them to repair or regenerate cartilage defects in adult animals (Chang et al. 1994; Erlacher et al. 1998; Edwards and Francis-West 2001; Chubinskaya and Kuettner 2003). | presence | 0.205882 | easy |
3Y3N5A7N4G971FFSQ8COLXL09D8YMF | biomed | In contrast, in Alk2/Wnt1-Cre mutants a sizeable septal mesenchyme could be seen, still without any obvious looping of the aortic sac and truncal OFT, suggesting that the mere presence of the septal mesenchyme, without correct smooth muscle cell differentiation, is not sufficient for OFT rotation. | presence | 0.279412 | easy |
3OYHVNTV5TY0HDBNZ9QA4TVU6XGKOL | biomed | Animals from our highest expressing line (line 885) maintained on dox for up to 1 y harbored no amyloid pathology (data not shown), indicating that residual leakage of transgene expression in the presence of dox does not provide sufficient Aβ peptide to induce amyloid formation even over long periods. | presence | 0.288462 | easy |
391FPZIE4CM4SSUCPAZMQ77RW25UH9 | biomed | The sequence of this large protein (3418 amino acids) offers very little clue to its function, although there are eight repeated segments (termed BRC repeats) in the middle of the protein that are highly conserved among mammalian orthologs [7,8]. | acids | 0.125 | very easy |
3BKZLF990ZZYMUDKI1J52655JE5YQ2 | biomed | Several studies of this CSS panel, B6 Chr1-19, X, YA/J, have been reported for behavior [12], weight gain [13], sterols [13], and plasma amino acids levels [13,14], and have identified many more QTL than studies of the same traits using a genome-wide scan. | acids | 0.285714 | easy |
3G4VVJO6PZGI2DNOE93PTT0KG2HPKC | biomed | Our data also revealed that the repressive activity of mr-s is mainly due to the C-terminal region (amino acids 463 to 542). | acids | 0.318182 | easy |
3B6F54KMR2CD94HUYG11JJ9WUGJS1N | biomed | The switch that initiates divergent development of the gonad is highly diverse among species; however, the underlying mechanisms that lead to the establishment of ovary or testis pathways are likely to be conserved. | switch | 0.125 | very easy |
3OPLMF3EU5NTJYTTJU2Y44845NGLNA | biomed | These data supported the hypothesis that Ptdsr fulfils a role as a crucial signaling switch after the engagement of macrophages with apoptotic cells and is thereby fundamental for preventing local immune responses to apoptotic cells before their clearance [28]. | switch | 0.15 | very easy |
3RWO3EJELH9GWC126ZX7OE4L7WHP19 | biomed | Perhaps once aggregated, Aβ and tau are either inherently more stable than other protein aggregates or more resistant to intra- and extracellular clearance mechanisms. | clearance | 0.125 | very easy |
3N5YJ55YXG3CNF2PM3D8VQSTBBHNAU | biomed | Somewhat unexpectedly, we observe no appreciable clearance of deposited amyloid even following periods of transgene suppression equal to the time taken for plaques to form. | clearance | 0.194444 | very easy |
3W1K7D6QSBHBNEL0V5OYLOJ8388ZBI | biomed | Nonetheless, the role of microglia in both the human condition and the mouse models is poorly understood, and differences in microglial reactivity between the two could lead to significantly faster amyloid clearance in the brains of patients with AD than we observe in the tet-off APP mice. | clearance | 0.288462 | easy |
3UY4PIS8QRLGTRPPQKKFKPZQ7HH1NQ | biomed | Studies from the tet-off tau mice suggest that protein clearance may in fact not be required for cognitive improvement following transgene suppression [61]. | clearance | 0.375 | easy |
3VI0PC2ZAYK61DAUYS5ZUN3W260OXJ | biomed | The importance of efficient mechanisms for apoptotic cell clearance in vivo is supported by the observation that autoimmune responses can be provoked in mice when key molecules for apoptotic cell recognition and uptake are missing. | clearance | 0.420455 | neutral |
3DWGDA5POF4T1WYYSB66U6T3TKDV1V | biomed | In the radial water maze, repetitive swim patterns were noted with no evidence of choice-motivated actions. | water | 0.125 | very easy |
38F60IALAGHEHF9RRX2RFJM8R7WT0F | biomed | Many of the double transgenic mice showed similar circular patterns of swimming near the edge of the tank when tested in the Morris water maze. | water | 0.192308 | very easy |
3HEADTGN2PSHU1XFQ5LL0XBGXJ5RVN | biomed | This system, commonly known as the tet-off system, can be regulated by analogs of tetracycline administered in food or water [12,13]. | water | 0.230769 | easy |
3E6L1VR4XWMZCLD5Y2DJ7GHYD1BF6V | biomed | Of course, the availability of an experimental crystal structure will make the design of inhibitors easier and we are continuing our efforts to crystallize CLN2 from different sources. | structure | 0.125 | very easy |
30P8I9JKOILSPEZHTY8IXW6K50N5VS | biomed | Interestingly, most QTGs identified in animal models have the causal polymorphisms in the protein-coding region [14], which provoke protein structure changes or protein deficiency. | structure | 0.125 | very easy |
34HEO7RUG6UX2DUHFAUP4AX3C86AR5 | biomed | The protein belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins of a bipartite structure with a variable N-terminal and a conserved C-terminal domain. | structure | 0.196429 | very easy |
3XBXDSS888JYVS7XL0P726Z271VXLB | biomed | Differences in the structure and/or metabolism of collagen or extracellular matrix proteins may contribute to the increased rebleeding and reduced occlusion time in the A/J mice and warrant further investigation. | structure | 0.25 | easy |
3TLFH2L6Y9OLDPC56K65Y7FNO5GT2Z | biomed | A subset of CNCCs continues to migrate deeper into the aortic sac to form the aortico-pulmonary septum; a vital structure, which separates the pulmonary trunk from the aorta [4]. | structure | 0.267857 | easy |
3FBEFUUYRK54GUWXNMRRTF67GLT6A4 | biomed | This resulted in two litters of mice with a total of four affected Itpr1opt/Δ18 pups (from a total of 15) with a phenotype indistinguishable from that of the Itpr1Δ18/Δ18 and Itpr1opt/opt mice [1]. | litters | 0.125 | very easy |
337F8MIIMZDU0UU1CW1J7BAGB8A40P | biomed | The adaptive significance of such a change, if any, is unknown, and it may simply be due to relaxation of selective pressure for night vision in this strictly diurnal species. | change | 0.157895 | very easy |
37J05LC5AXJE2WEGRFCISKJINUEJDT | biomed | The observed cell shape change of erythrocytes lacking annexin A7 might be due to alterations in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton. | change | 0.228261 | easy |
3ACRLU860NEDCJU4ZIAL0EIQF11BEO | biomed | In the developing brain we noted a striking change in the subcellular distribution of Annexin A7. | change | 0.234375 | easy |
3QREJ3J433XSBS8QMHAICCR0BSBKL4 | biomed | Differences in the structure and/or metabolism of collagen or extracellular matrix proteins may contribute to the increased rebleeding and reduced occlusion time in the A/J mice and warrant further investigation. | Differences | 0.125 | very easy |
3OND0WXMHWFN3WXQZAKHMPLOAEBEHC | biomed | The inclusion of genetic markers near BMP signaling components may help identify additional osteoarthritis susceptibility loci and facilitate the search for causative mutations. | inclusion | 0.283333 | easy |
35NNO802AVWRTXLNYR5LCOGCOJRNI3 | biomed | It is usually associated with a mild form of α-thalassaemia, caused by reduced expression of structurally intact α-globin genes, and characterised by the presence of β-globin tetramers (haemoglobin H inclusion bodies) in peripheral red blood cells. | inclusion | 0.366667 | easy |
3BJKPTD2QCC2H9TQLAL6ZFNV0XRTR9 | biomed | The observed inter-sample variation in the presence of gene-specific inhibitors of PCR provides evidence supporting the need for inclusion of an internal standard in each quantitative PCR transcript abundance measurement. | inclusion | 0.366667 | easy |
362E9TQF2HQLJ541BNSQM47FN75GIO | biomed | Because there was clearly no MCAD antigen detected in MCAD−/− mice, the residual dehydrogenase activity measured with these two substrates must represent the activity of other chain length–specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. | length | 0.316667 | easy |
3OPLMF3EU5NTJYTTJU2Y44845NLNLH | biomed | Thus, PPARδ activation, rather than merely an increase of PPARδ levels, is an essential element for fiber switching and its associated functional manifestations. | element | 0.125 | very easy |
302OLP89DZ7TWB5YXD4UFFYHC81ACZ | biomed | Hyperactivity nonspecifically inhibits choice-driven changes in movement, the key element behind all cognitive behavioral paradigms. | element | 0.2 | easy |
362E9TQF2HQLJ541BNSQM47FN8YGIJ | biomed | To date only three PAX6 protein-protein interactions have been described: with SOX2 on the lens-specific enhancer element of the δ-crystallin gene [22]; with MDIA, which modulates PAX6 activity in early neuronal development [23], and with MAF proteins on the glucagon promoter, which causes increased expression of this pancreatic hormone gene [17]. | element | 0.235294 | easy |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KZ84RO | biomed | Fluorescence can be monitored in real-time in vivo and in situ, and has the added advantage in that it can be quantified. | advantage | 0.264706 | easy |
3M0556243SK7J6JXXJZ09R3K8SSFNZ | biomed | Ex vivo differentiation of primary bone marrow stromal cells, harvested from Sam68+/+ and Sam68−/− mice, down the osteoblast lineage revealed an osteogenic advantage in the cultures of cells derived from the Sam68−/− mice. | advantage | 0.3 | easy |
3SNR5F7R92TNZR8A5S22M1M3ARLIE4 | biomed | Our findings indicate that huntingtin is required for proper patterning of the epiblast during early embryogenesis, for proper anterior streak and node formation, primitive streak progression, paraxial mesoderm and head fold formation, as well as for the proper restriction of transiently expressed growth and transcription factor genes. | head | 0.220588 | easy |
3QX22DUVOOHQXLKNLXP4EYH6RV8VM3 | biomed | We show that mice with increased oxidative fibers are resistant to high-fat-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. | intolerance | 0.214286 | easy |
3YKP7CX6G2FS34FUCAWFU4Q9TEXB72 | biomed | Both PGC-1α-deficient lines exhibit cold intolerance, reduced hepatocyte respiration rates, and neurologic lesions. | intolerance | 0.338235 | easy |
3U74KRR67MLH2B1YS34PQVILZ02TNL | biomed | The SNP data showed a deletion of between 188 kb and 210 kb in size; examination of SNPs at the flanking unknown regions of this deletion allowed us to delimit the borders of the deletion to 7.5 kb on the telomeric side of the deletion (between rs12634249 and rs793396) and ~14.4 kb on the centromeric side of the deletion (between rs4073665 and rs17709863). | regions | 0.216667 | easy |
3L55D8AUFAXUST31DJIAI1GOFYBYC2 | biomed | However, as the congenic mice and the Apcs−/− mice carried similar but not identical 129 regions on Chromosome 1, an alternative explanation for our findings may still lay in the numerous and complex synergistic and counteractive interactions between 129 and C57BL/6 genes involved in self-tolerance and end organ damage. | regions | 0.235294 | easy |
3H1C3QRA01JWMOMADI6GBYO8XM1CEW | biomed | At some sites, loss of Bmpr1a function leads to a defect in the early stages of joint formation, resulting in a complete failure to form a joint and fusion of bones in the ankle. | ankle | 0.125 | very easy |
3JVP4ZJHDPSO81TGXL3N1CKZGQC0I1 | biomed | Importantly, the rare fluorescent cells had a flat, ‘fried-egg’ appearance typical of senescent cells (Figure 5A), and when plates were observed 5 days later, the cells had detached. | appearance | 0.125 | very easy |
33IXYHIZB5IJO6U8GPHAZLFMLVO2ED | biomed | The OMIM (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/) accession numbers discussed in this paper are for acromegaloid facial appearance (MIM 102150), frontofacionasal syndrome (MIM 229400) and human syndrome X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia (MIM 303400). | appearance | 0.25 | easy |
3UXQ63NLAAMRIP4WG4XPD98AOY2LBL | biomed | Both lines of tTA/APP mice we studied here display extreme hyperactivity visible as cage circling and quantified by activity monitoring (see Figure 7). | display | 0.210526 | easy |
3E6L1VR4XWMZCLD5Y2DJ7GHYD23F6P | biomed | The severity of the pancreatic phenotype in human CF is well correlated with the extent of impaired CFTR function caused by specific mutations. | extent | 0.125 | very easy |
3P4C70TRMRHN96C7WQP3EKZ74BULG2 | biomed | However, computational prediction of the location of 5' upstream exons and the extent of the 3' UTR from genomic sequence has been extremely difficult. | extent | 0.125 | very easy |
33W1NHWFYHLBJ0FHVRFJLIPU9E9TZ1 | biomed | In order to understand the nature and extent of hyperactivity in the tTA/APP mice, we quantified daily activity levels in double transgenic animals along with their single transgenic and nontransgenic siblings using four-beam frames designed to monitor ambulation within an enclosed cage. | extent | 0.265625 | easy |
3VZYA8PITOYCWDY1Q1KTC3GUB4550V | biomed | We focused on one of the four lines, line 107, to examine in more detail the time dependence and extent of transgene suppression following either acute or chronic treatment with dox. | extent | 0.308824 | easy |
3ZVPAMTJWN3YC47K1AMZ0W86A3JGRN | biomed | BMP2 [8] and BMP7 [7] can be induced by ectopic SHH and their expression is greatly diminished in the absence of SHH activity [9]. | absence | 0.125 | very easy |
36GJS3V78VQHEGO7T5DQY5MF0MPJGY | biomed | In this scenario, the absence of Nr2e3 would alter the probability that an unknown master control gene is expressed in rod precursors. | absence | 0.203125 | easy |
3L84EBDQ372HRMQ81HYHXCELMS6KK1 | biomed | Heterozygous mutations of the human PAX6 gene cause aniridia (absence of the iris) and a range of other congenital eye malformations [2]. | absence | 0.220588 | easy |
3DWGDA5POF4T1WYYSB66U6T3TKD1V1 | biomed | The absence of Trk receptor expression upon precocious induction of ETS signaling can only partially explain the observed phenotype in axonal projections. | absence | 0.319444 | easy |
311HQEI8RSGOL2IAIOCIGMXCKHP7ZA | biomed | Using this information we increased the density of markers in each QTL region (MMU1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11 and 17; Table 1 and Additional File 1), ensuring the absence of CAST alleles at each of these QTL. | absence | 0.34375 | easy |
386659BNTLHD8VXIPEIH9D3DZO0018 | biomed | Among these, pigment patterns are an excellent system to investigate how morphological differences arise, both for different regions of the body within a species and for different animals from closely related species. | animals | 0.132353 | very easy |
391FPZIE4CM4SSUCPAZMQ77RW20HUR | biomed | To ensure that Aβ production was suppressed in concert with the dox-mediated inhibition of its precursor APPswe/ind, we measured Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels by ELISA in forebrain homogenates from young tet-off animals. | animals | 0.166667 | very easy |
304QEQWKZPKY4N4JVGGSL9GLSZB0OW | biomed | We examined a small number of animals after 12 mo of dox treatment (beginning at 6 mo of age), and found that amyloid deposits were still relatively abundant. | animals | 0.236842 | easy |
3BO3NEOQM0HK9ERYPN0GQIWCPCSAI6 | biomed | However, in the current study, we feel that although the poor performance of the tTA/APP mice in the maze tests could technically be scored as cognitive impairment, the animals' severe hyperactivity made interpretation of the cognitive tasks impossible. | animals | 0.263889 | easy |
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