id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3WYZV0QBFJDMIJLLUN0DO33XV7IBX3 | biomed | Therefore it appears that GFP variant reporters are more versatile with respect to their application in mice. | respect | 0.166667 | very easy |
3R15W654VDTEMV6LZMUF8Y39AY3QL2 | biomed | Females and males share nearly identical genetic information, but vary widely with respect to disease susceptibility [1,2]. | respect | 0.2 | easy |
3DWNFENNE3V120VNY4BPPGPCAHLJ4G | biomed | From the characterization studies completed thus far, the null mutation mouse accurately represents a model of classic MSUD and appears to be a faithful model of the human disease with respect to several biochemical phenotypes [1]. | respect | 0.210526 | easy |
3BKZLF990ZZYMUDKI1J52655JDCQYZ | biomed | Anterior epithelial staining in 5 wk old alphaA/BKO (Figure 3A) and 5 wk old wild type lenses were similar (Figure 3K) with respect to nuclear staining with SYTOX green. | respect | 0.211538 | easy |
3MDKGGG61QN9VQV6TMI8OKWZ4AJ6TU | biomed | One type of stress response is triggered by heavy metals, such as zinc, copper and cadmium (for convenience, the terms zinc, copper and cadmium are also used here to denote Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+, respectively). | terms | 0.166667 | very easy |
3O2Y2UIUCQU6B0YU067KHZMGEXMKFY | biomed | In classical terms, they are QTL which modify the expressivity of growth and obesity in HG mice [18]. | terms | 0.25 | easy |
3NBFJK3IOHIVFRF49I5V6131ZG4GOJ | biomed | LCAD−/− mice show more spontaneous deaths and gestational losses than the other deficiencies [21]. | deaths | 0.166667 | very easy |
375VSR8FVW9Y3L2PR2AOL3OCLTIZR0 | biomed | In a recent in vitro study [43], mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Dhcr7-/- embryos, grown in lipid-depleted culture and transiently treated with cyclodextrin, showed no affect on Shh processing. | processing | 0.166667 | very easy |
324N5FAHSXBV7XKK0LCOZLP22RBKVN | biomed | Although these findings demonstrate that Apcs is not implicated in the processing of autoantigens, as it had previously been suggested, they indicate that Apcs might still play an important protective role in lupus nephritis. | processing | 0.192308 | very easy |
3YCT0L9OMM9GNBOJ33ZZGQMZXHTNSV | biomed | Alternatively, or simultaneously, battenin deficiency may impact mitochondrial function upstream of turnover, affecting mitochondrial biogenesis and/or altered transport and processing of mitochondrial proteins. | processing | 0.234375 | easy |
30Y6N4AHYPWV0KXTZKLRUB59XB8DRF | biomed | Indeed, CLN3 overexpression in HEK-293 cells altered lysosomal pH and cathepsin D processing [17], and lysosomal pH homeostasis is disrupted in JNCL [10,15]. | processing | 0.357143 | easy |
3OWZNK3RYLP0D2RU6PWF331P7JNU2R | biomed | Family history [1] is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). | risk | 0.166667 | very easy |
3B286OTISEHG4PB475LG2JBC2RCAJD | biomed | Inherited inter-individual variation in the function of these genes plays a role in determining risk for BC [4-6]. | risk | 0.21875 | easy |
3CVBMEMMXBG2UHIGC26BGFT7OR87HK | biomed | A biomarker combining polymorphisms that affect regulation with those that affect function of antioxidant and DNA repair genes is likely to be the most accurate for identifying individuals at risk for BC. | risk | 0.233333 | easy |
385MDVINFCFDB2E78AH8K883UAKJW2 | biomed | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two inbred strains of mice for prothrombotic risk, utilizing a ferric chloride vascular injury model, tail bleeding assay, and measures of coagulation and fibrinolysis. | risk | 0.236111 | easy |
3HY86PZXPYICZLCCXLHWU25HTPFE1D | biomed | Identifying such loci allows screening for individuals with an increased risk of developing glaucoma [11]. | risk | 0.282609 | easy |
3UL5XDRDNCJUE234L5X85IMCU2H58I | biomed | In our opinion, it seems unlikely that amyloid deposits in human brain would be inherently any less stable than those formed in mouse brain. | opinion | 0.170455 | very easy |
3DA79LNS59VAY78OAKKAHHKFUJGT3A | biomed | The Gdf5-Cre system provides a new method for restricting gene expression or inactivation primarily to articular regions, thus avoiding the pleiotropic functions of many genes in other tissues. | method | 0.230769 | easy |
3VW0145YLYCH6QKT48BLBA6CW86MJE | biomed | While similarity-based genome annotation is a good initial method to identify genes and predict their function, in some cases it can be misleading, as genes of similar sequence can carry out different functions and be expressed in different tissues (for example, the sugar transporter gene family [7]). | method | 0.363636 | easy |
3BAWBGQGYLZ7CID0HRNFVGKGW6DV7S | biomed | These two possibilities could not be differentiated in the methods employed, and were beyond the objectives of the current study. | possibilities | 0.171053 | very easy |
3WRBLBQ2GR8ACANL7X3KG07J1DP0GE | biomed | We have examined nine Bax/NT-3 double KO cases, and often incomplete DiI labeling gives the impression that there are no axons reaching the ventral spinal cord. | impression | 0.171053 | very easy |
3KTCJ4SCVG1AB94PEJ5F7AAQ2R1M15 | biomed | To allow for the mechanistic separation of olfactory learning, discrimination, and memory, we exploited a well-known phenomenon of transgenes, which concerns heterogeneous expression among different founder lines and even among genetically identical individuals of a given line. | memory | 0.171053 | very easy |
337F8MIIMZDU0UU1CW1J7BAGB8A04L | biomed | We observed among individual mice a striking variability in olfactory memory performance but not in odor discrimination. | memory | 0.194444 | very easy |
3Z8UJEJOCZDRESZACEFTQHJ30C939G | biomed | The contribution of the hippocampus to olfactory memory is presently controversial [2,13–18], but is deemed unlikely for simple olfactory discrimination tasks [9,19]. | memory | 0.2 | easy |
3X55NP42EOGC6FFHT3BQC7JI5GR3PB | biomed | We employed gene-targeted and transgenic mice with region-specific expression to demonstrate that a change in GluR-B-mediated properties of AMPA channels in αCaMKII-expressing neurons of mouse forebrain, including olfactory bulb mitral and granule cells, enhances olfactory discrimination and learning but impairs olfactory memory. | memory | 0.288462 | easy |
32TMVRKDGNYCIJZ470EY0QGYU6S48I | biomed | The subsequent transgene-driven re-introduction of GluR-B, specifically in piriform cortex and hippocampus, reversed the Cre-induced loss of GluR-B and partially rescued the odor memory deficit, but left unaltered the enhanced olfactory discrimination. | memory | 0.366667 | easy |
367O8HRHKG8U13EDLYK3HHGZ60Z4SI | biomed | Nonetheless, the role of microglia in both the human condition and the mouse models is poorly understood, and differences in microglial reactivity between the two could lead to significantly faster amyloid clearance in the brains of patients with AD than we observe in the tet-off APP mice. | brains | 0.171053 | very easy |
3CIS7GGG65JS8I3AZ9RG54AE4MEEUE | biomed | We biochemically measured the amount of aggregated Aβ in the brains of our mice before and after transgene suppression using filter trap analysis of cortical tissue from each animal. | brains | 0.176471 | very easy |
3IH9TRB0FBZOFQEYT47NFH39LIN1IA | biomed | Fourth, control of body fat mass is abnormal in the PGC-1α−/− mice. | control | 0.171875 | very easy |
379OL9DBSSESUVWY1Z8JGBFG9D39YR | biomed | The differentiation of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been studied extensively with respect to inductive events that specify neuronal fate [2,3], as well as the involvement of late target-derived neurotrophic factors in the control of neuronal survival [4]. | control | 0.234375 | easy |
3UOMW19E6D6WQ5TH2HDD74IVKT85CU | biomed | In contrast, centric domains showed an intensity and shape similar to control cells, suggesting that they remain unaffected by p150CAF-1 depletion (Figure 4C and 4D). | control | 0.265625 | easy |
3XEDXEGFX3OFEWJ4XOOZESZC8U60KH | biomed | Pendrin-expressing surface epithelial cells in the spiral prominence region are located in an area where basal cells, which are interconnected by tight junctions, form additional tight junctions with surface epithelial cells [29]. | form | 0.171875 | very easy |
3YLTXLH3DF6R0NMG8O0SG1KSOL8HPV | biomed | Because of the phenotypic similarities of the rescue mice to the human patients, these genetically engineered mice represent a useful small animal model of the intermediate form of MSUD. | form | 0.204545 | easy |
35NNO802AVWRTXLNYR5LCOGCOJMINT | biomed | An attractive alternative, favored by Davies et al [26], is that the association of RAD51–BRCA2 is required to maintain RAD51 in a form that is in a state of 'readiness' (Fig. 2a). | form | 0.210526 | easy |
3H5TOKO3D9JPE5GGELH0GCK7OB246W | biomed | However, we observed that the insulin-sensitive phenotype of the female PGC-1α−/− mice occurred in the context of normal weight gain with high-fat diet. | context | 0.171875 | very easy |
3IVEC1GSLPZKA1Y4BMSNRII9YY51JH | biomed | One possibility would be a scenario in which incorporation of H3.1 into chromatin is required for the proper nuclear organization of constitutive heterochromatin in an embryonic context. | context | 0.25 | easy |
3CESM1J3EI31N7Z0ORNJB43Y8416WK | biomed | The Pygo1/2 mutants also showed an expansion of the zone of thickened mesenchyme that caps the ureteric bud. | zone | 0.171875 | very easy |
3JUDR1D0D6R8L9KDPGCAT2404YI2QV | biomed | Neurons that are generated prenatally in the proliferative ventricular layer of the neopallial cortex subsequently migrate through the intermediate zone to form the different cortical cell layers in a declining inside-out gradient of cell maturation. | zone | 0.234375 | easy |
309D674SHZLYFLAQ3R4QAQINUPUCB2 | biomed | We note that several apparently highly expressed olfactory receptors (gene A, this study, and MOR10 and MOR28 [36]) are expressed in zone 4 of the olfactory epithelium. | zone | 0.235294 | easy |
3P458N04Q1HSU6LPBU72NA0T114X2M | biomed | Our phenotypic analysis focused on the kidney, which showed altered branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud, and expansion of the zone of condensed mesenchyme surrounding the ureteric bud, yet relatively normal nephron formation, as measured by histology, confocal analysis, in situ hybridization and microarray analysis. | zone | 0.318182 | easy |
367O8HRHKG8U13EDLYK3HHGZ60YS45 | biomed | RanBP2 itself was also found to exhibit SUMO1 E3 ligase activity [17], supporting a direct link between RanBP2-mediated SUMO-1 substrate modification and relocation of SUMO-1 modified cytosolic substrates (e.g., RanGAP) to the cytosolic face of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) [18]. | link | 0.171875 | very easy |
3D1TUISJWI04ON5WVSH7QJ86WFEUIW | biomed | Thus, misfolding, retention in the ER, and failure to translocate in response to dDAVP were proposed as the mechanism for autosomal recessive NDI. | failure | 0.171875 | very easy |
3LEG2HW4UFNBUKU4B01GH30MXW32FV | biomed | These Dhcr7 knockout mice are models for human SLOS, especially the more severely affected patients, since early postnatal lethality with respiratory failure has been reported in severe SLOS cases [4,5]. | failure | 0.205882 | easy |
3TD33TP5DL2AM6DSJD8Z4VSZUM3ABS | biomed | One possible explanation of these unexpected results is a failure of the gene targeting to eliminate functioning of the Pygo1 and Pygo2 genes. | failure | 0.205882 | easy |
3AC6MFV69KILEROMVXYU7ZM6YLDHZG | biomed | Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) followed by postnatal failure to thrive is a universally observed phenotype in SLOS patients [2,18]. | failure | 0.359375 | easy |
3XUY87HIVPE77YQE75ODR2YT03UMMD | biomed | Expression of pendrin mRNA in the inner ear has been found in several places including the cochlea, the vestibular labyrinth and the endolymphatic sac [8]. | places | 0.173077 | very easy |
3RQVKZ7ZRKJYFRFYTH34TBN5Z8K72W | biomed | The developing gray matter of the rat embryonic spinal cord exhibited primarily nuclear localization of Annexin A11, while immunoreactivity was lost from the nuclei in the adult spinal cord [26]. | rat | 0.173077 | very easy |
373L46LKP76MG2KQJWY5WXE873BJK6 | biomed | In a recent paper, Mangrivite et al. showed that the apical sorting of rat SPNT in polarized renal epithelial cells was independent of N-glycosylation [45]. | rat | 0.35 | easy |
3S8A4GJRD33O8IZVYHINP2KK1VT6V4 | biomed | Transcription of Ndrg1 and/or its human ortholog is induced by different physiological and cell stress conditions, such as androgens, nickel compounds, DNA damage and hypoxia (37–40,52,53). | nickel | 0.173077 | very easy |
363A7XIFV4MPVKBYOUZZ57M6XEOVAO | biomed | Although Ndrg1 and especially its human ortholog have been quite intensely studied, its function remains unclear; however, the induction by stimuli like nickel and hypoxia suggests an involvement in the cell stress response. | nickel | 0.216667 | easy |
3IV1AEQ4DRD2L1IPA7126S5HC3CJ8I | biomed | Consequently, our data, and data from other studies, suggest that the complete lack of D2Rs in the olfactory bulb does not prevent transduction of olfactory stimuli; rather it affects the ability to habituate, or tune, olfactory nerve activity associated with repeatedly encountered concentrations of chemical stimuli [32]. | bulb | 0.175 | very easy |
3O0M2G5VC62CWOIECSKC0MB9EC4946 | biomed | The different times of embryonic lethality suggested that the first reported Capn4-/- mice [31] were targeted with a hypomorphic mutation, which retained some small level of calpain activity, allowing for their survival to mid-gestation, while the second reported Capn4-/- mice [32] represented a true null mutation. | times | 0.175 | very easy |
3OCZWXS7ZO7PT9NNFU6CAN8IE2LL5P | biomed | This study improved on past models by including over 300 animals (three times the size of previous studies) of both sexes, allowing for the incorporation of sex-specific effects on underlying genetic regulation. | times | 0.175 | very easy |
3126F2F5F83FGDVEINSMVYNFW5GEPC | biomed | This production of different cell types at different times appears to derive from differences in the intrinsic properties of progenitor cells involved in the transcription or chromatin modification. | times | 0.21875 | easy |
3KTCJ4SCVG1AB94PEJ5F7AAQ2SZM15 | biomed | Increased bleeding or rebleeding times have not been reported in any of the Plg network targeted mice. | times | 0.236842 | easy |
375VSR8FVW9Y3L2PR2AOL3OCLTDRZN | biomed | The variability of deafness in Pendred syndrome and the observation that deafness is sometimes late in onset suggest that pendrin dysfunction may not be the direct cause of deafness. | onset | 0.175 | very easy |
3J9L0X0VDFMO5Q1YMYQVVEU0Y58W9K | biomed | In support of this, the expression of the human C-reactive protein, an acute-phase protein closely related to Apcs, has been shown to delay the onset and severity of lupus nephritis in the NZB/W strain by preventing the deposition of immune complexes in the renal cortex (Szalai et al. 2003). | onset | 0.3125 | easy |
33N1S8XHHMLAAG38T8V9FC6ZHVJ1Z1 | biomed | Over a decade ago the amyloid cascade hypothesis predicted that increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide lead to secondary pathologies that ultimately culminate in the onset of Alzheimer disease (AD) [1]. | onset | 0.34375 | easy |
3XJOUITW8UR258EQ8VW6UPDQ4BPQT5 | biomed | Moreover, the observed transcriptional shift in ETS signaling is paired with the onset of appropriate regulation of neuronal subtype specification and establishment of axonal projections into the target area. | onset | 0.453125 | neutral |
389A2A304OIXVY7G5B71Q9M43MP0CY | biomed | Previously, normal motor neuron innervation was rescued in NT-3 KO animals by over-expressing NT-3 selectively in their muscles (Wright et al. 1997). | muscles | 0.175 | very easy |
3K2CEDRACB1BKTGYG2PPDGTLUAXTMQ | biomed | The former motif is thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions in chromatin [7], and the latter is a feature of chromatin-remodelling proteins, and the presence of disease-causing mutations indicates the functional importance of these domains. | feature | 0.175 | very easy |
3NSCTNUR2ZN8XQWJI3HM19S7KQHA5R | biomed | Our data suggest that the efficiency of micro- and nanovesicle formation is not significantly different in wild type and mutant red blood cells. | efficiency | 0.175 | very easy |
3MGHRFQY2LPAY18L13PQN0EN6A6Y03 | biomed | The presence of a reduced but detectable amount of protein in the 35–45 kDa range indicates that mutant protein is transported out of the ER, but with greatly reduced efficiency. | efficiency | 0.326087 | easy |
38Z7YZ2SB32CWUYFEJX2GIBHTV7QIO | biomed | The enhanced sensitivity to cadmium toxicity that we found for mouse embryonic fibroblasts upon a combination of Mtf1 deletion and depletion of glutathione further corroborates the importance of MTF-1 and its target genes as well as reduced glutathione for an efficient anti-cadmium defense. | combination | 0.175 | very easy |
3XBYQ44Z6P47P5ACK4VCMEVCSCBTWH | biomed | In addition, the combination of the C-terminal domains, RBD4 and CY (of RanBP2), associates with a subset of G protein-coupled receptors, the red/green opsin, expressed in photosensory neurons and enhances opsin functional production [6,7], while the interaction of the KBD of RanBP2 with a subset of the conventional microtubule-based motor proteins, the kinesins, KIF5B and KIF5C, occurs selectively in the central nervous system (CNS) [13]. | combination | 0.26087 | easy |
3M0556243SK7J6JXXJZ09R3K8RUFNZ | biomed | Since the emission profiles of ECFP and EYFP are the least overlapping of all the usable GFP variants, these ECFP and EYFP currently represent the best combination for co-visualization and for use in multi-spectral double-tagged transgenic, chimeric and/or in vivo FRET experiments (reviewed in [16]). | combination | 0.28125 | easy |
31J7RYECZLQQ5RM4E7407XV12MBL12 | biomed | In a third model, there would be a limiting quantity of transcription factors - the cell might contain a single transcriptional 'machine' that is capable of accommodating the promoter of only one olfactory receptor gene, similar to the expression site body used by African trypanosomes to ensure singular expression of only one set of variant surface glycoprotein genes [22]. | machine | 0.175 | very easy |
3TC2K6WK9G22F5KH3MVA7BJ0ASQ28E | biomed | These models are consistent with the ability of BMP2 to both increase PKA activity and induce expression of Sox6 in tissue culture cells (Lee and Chuong 1997; Fernandez-Lloris et al. 2003). | culture | 0.175 | very easy |
30P8I9JKOILSPEZHTY8IXW6K50I5VN | biomed | It should also be stressed that Capn4-/- ES and MEF cells from the presumptive hypomorphic allele can be maintained in culture despite an apparent lack of calpain activity, as assessed by casein zymography or by the appearance of characteristic spectrin breakdown products. | culture | 0.194444 | very easy |
31KPKEKW4ADELTFARBB6FPGML0S0BS | biomed | In this context, both genetic linkage studies in spontaneous lupus-prone models and synthetic murine models of autoimmunity generated by targeted disruption of specific genes modulating the immune system have widely been used to investigate the complexity of SLE. | complexity | 0.175 | very easy |
32CXT5U14G3BZHTJM65GDUESTJF8U8 | biomed | KS conducted much of the characterization of the intermediate MSUD model. | characterization | 0.175 | very easy |
3EAWOID6MTXTU7DGWS26G1ATOS80VY | biomed | This report describes the generation and characterization of these murine models of MSUD. | characterization | 0.210526 | easy |
3BFNCI9LYKQN09BHXHH9CLSX5MK737 | biomed | Molecular cloning and characterization of murine Acdp gene family are essential for study of this novel gene family in animal model, e.g. for generation of knockout or transgenic models; 3). | characterization | 0.234375 | easy |
3YD0MU1NC21NKUA26WWJZT63BWCA76 | biomed | While this work was in progress, both Li et al. [31] and Kunisaki et al. [32] also reported the generation and phenotypic characterization of Ptdsr-knockout mice. | characterization | 0.3 | easy |
36MUZ9VAE626RGSODE1RV46QIMIED3 | biomed | Histological characterization of double transgenic (CaMKIIα-tTA × tet-APPswe/ind) mice revealed early-onset amyloid formation in all four new lines. | characterization | 0.4375 | neutral |
3AFT28WXLF29BILZZ65YRDGHETWIOD | biomed | All authors read and approved the final manuscript. | authors | 0.175 | very easy |
30P8I9JKOILSPEZHTY8IXW6K50NV5I | biomed | All authors contributed to composing and editing the manuscript and have read and approved the final version. | authors | 0.282609 | easy |
3SBNLSTU6U542BJK91F4GE786SRDZ8 | biomed | Mice with or without intact dopamine D2R-mediated signaling displayed similar decreases in latencies to retrieve unhidden food pellets (Fig. 1) and learned to dig for food buried in unscented sand (Fig. 2). | pellets | 0.175 | very easy |
3YGYP1364194MWO6OEZUQGH3BF4RN5 | biomed | The second phase involves the attachment of salience to external stimuli (discriminative stimuli) that signal whether the delivery of a primary reinforcer will or will not occur based on some emitted behavior (e.g. a rodent lever presses for food pellets only when a stimulus light is illuminated in an operant chamber). | pellets | 0.25 | easy |
3P520RYKCH6SCZAHO8YD1A41RU7U5N | biomed | Function and expression of other K+ channels has been shown to be controlled by the cytosolic pH and free radicals, which encode the metabolic state of the cell [39]. | state | 0.176471 | very easy |
3HKIF5DF6YXS84BY7TMD9B8C4IBG90 | biomed | In retrospect, it seems likely that the latter line represents a hypomorphic state, rather than a true null. | state | 0.2875 | easy |
3OCZWXS7ZO7PT9NNFU6CAN8IE2M5LA | biomed | In contrast, microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in human brain show a much higher state of activation with greater expression of complement receptor [40]. | state | 0.325 | easy |
32204AGAABCLNATH55A5MS60NULGHQ | biomed | This is in agreement with results from a recent study of RA in women, which similarly indicates that previous experience of pregnancy does not negatively affect the incidence or severity of RA later in life [8]. | experience | 0.176471 | very easy |
3TL87MO8CMPHV6GCL6JLWZZV3WZFL2 | biomed | HO, KO and BMD contributed their experience gained from studies of serine-carboxyl peptidases and the design of their inhibitors, aimed at analysis of substrate-enzyme interactions and enzyme specificity. | experience | 0.3125 | easy |
3THR0FZ95PTB1JT5K92BJT89VXQLOU | biomed | The next step will be to identify polymorphisms that affect regulation of XRCC1, ERCC5, GSTP1, SOD1, and GPX1 by CEBPG. | step | 0.176471 | very easy |
3NKW03WTLM7UXPIK301HH9KP857QWV | biomed | One possibility for TRIP13′s role in recombination is that it is directly involved in a step specific to resolution of NCO recombination intermediates. | step | 0.183333 | very easy |
3MDKGGG61QN9VQV6TMI8OKWZ4AD6TO | biomed | The earliest step of limb development in which BMP signaling has been implicated is the establishment of the anterior-posterior limb axis. | step | 0.2625 | easy |
3X7837UUADYFHNZ1HS44ME9Q68M6JJ | biomed | As an initial step, growth and carcass composition QTL were identified in a cross between CAST/EiJ (CAST) and HG [24]. | step | 0.263889 | easy |
32XN26MTXZJQY21MIO00TSCRXUB0LK | biomed | There are four straight-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases involved in the initial step. | step | 0.28125 | easy |
3X2LT8FDHWIORLIOH6KHVIZPE0JW8Q | biomed | Somewhat paradoxically, several studies further demonstrate that treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce microglial activation actually lowers amyloid load in APP transgenic mice, suggesting a role for mouse microglia in the formation and maintenance of amyloid aggregates [41–43]. | drugs | 0.176471 | very easy |
3Z56AA6EK405IV5MKPHW2617A2N6MT | biomed | Past experiments seeking to explore the possible involvement of dopamine D2Rs in associative learning have utilized low to moderate doses of drugs [2,5,6] and site-specific administration [7,9] in order to avoid the confounding effect that locomotor disruption associated with acute D2R blockade can have on learning performance in rodents. | drugs | 0.183333 | very easy |
3RKHNXPHGWWVUIVKVV2J3ZNJOJ9UKD | biomed | That D2R-mediated signaling orchestrates just motor components of learning is a conclusion that is potentially biased due to the practice of avoiding doses of drugs that induce catalepsy (and therefore measuring only partial blockade of dopamine D2Rs) and single administrations [e.g. [3]]. | drugs | 0.263889 | easy |
3MVY4USGB6NO9ADS6NM7BIQIBIUSIF | biomed | Staining in this region was not observed in older alphaA/BKO lenses, suggesting that this pattern was transient. | pattern | 0.176471 | very easy |
3GITHABACYLNIC7L9OKTP89VZNP2N2 | biomed | This expression pattern correlates with the rapid increase of Crx, rhodopsin and other photoreceptor genes around P6-P8. | pattern | 0.225 | easy |
3LB1BGHFL2WBEA5CZ5D07BGS3L4TYB | biomed | The progressive loss of afferent and efferent innervation in Brn3c null mutants shows neither in spatial nor in temporal pattern a resemblance to losses reported in simple BDNF or NT-3 null mutations [6]. | pattern | 0.25 | easy |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KYG4RU | biomed | These mapping studies have shown that the disease expression in relation to the inheritance of the different alleles followed a threshold liability pattern in which a positive phenotype depended upon the presence of multiple discrete susceptibility loci with no single locus being a prerequisite factor. | pattern | 0.275 | easy |
3T2HW4QDUV7FRSVT57QUJKNX6QJ9CJ | biomed | In particular, there is no heterozygous phenotype, no other genes lie within or close to the deletion breakpoints, and the expression pattern of Tbx15 is consistent with the spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities in both the original de allele and the deH allele. | pattern | 0.355263 | easy |
31ODACBENUF1Q81BJVRGKKH42SGQSL | biomed | It is possible that B6 and D2 mice, which have a similar origin in the early 20th century, inherited different Tas2r haplotypes present in wild mouse populations prior to inbreeding. | origin | 0.25 | easy |
3MZ3TAMYTLNC8VDFRYM2L8LMPH9RIQ | biomed | The DNA substrate contains a pair of mutated GFP genes (GFP encodes the easily detected green fluorescent protein), one of which contains a restriction site for I-SceI, a yeast intron encoded endonuclease with an 18 base pair recognition site. | recognition | 0.176471 | very easy |
38Z7YZ2SB32CWUYFEJX2GIBHTU9QIO | biomed | These include, for example, scavenger receptors and pattern recognition receptors such as CD36, SR-A and CD14, integrins such as the vitronectin receptor αvβ3, and members of the collectin family and their receptors CD91 and calreticulin [9-13]. | recognition | 0.25 | easy |
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