id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
38LRF35D5LWPYKNDAPAKMD6HDXHU3W | biomed | All of these findings raise many questions as to the possible role(s) of alpha-crystallin in the nucleus and in cell cycle regulation during differentiation. | cycle | 0.234375 | easy |
37VE3DA4YUHPWTL6PJIRLHF37HTHBA | biomed | The onset of some transcriptional programs in neurons, however, has also been shown to occur long after neurons exit the cell cycle. | cycle | 0.25 | easy |
3EHVO81VN5LOJV3ENMP2F52UL581HH | biomed | But whether the orderly expression and activity of transcriptional programs at much later developmental stages, well after cell cycle exit, is an essential step in the progression of neuronal differentiation and circuit assembly has yet to be resolved. | cycle | 0.25 | easy |
3VQTAXTYN3LU1FRQPIPQ4W4T1PVBU5 | biomed | Altogether, our data demonstrate that loss of p150CAF-1 function in ES cells and early embryos alters first the organization of heterochromatin in the nucleus and, in a subsequent step, cell cycle and viability. | cycle | 0.333333 | easy |
38XPGNCKHT0ATVVHFTP8S40654NV48 | biomed | Exposure of cultured cells to cadmium causes a decrease in, and destruction of, cellular contact proteins and the actin cytoskeleton (59). | destruction | 0.2 | easy |
3X2LT8FDHWIORLIOH6KHVIZPEZQW8V | biomed | Red blood cells which lack the ability to vesiculate cause a disease with red blood cell destruction and haemoglobinuria [21]. | destruction | 0.203125 | easy |
3TD33TP5DL2AM6DSJD8Z4VSZUM8BAY | biomed | A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that create and maintain articular cartilage is crucial for discovering the causes of joint disorders and providing useful medical treatments. | causes | 0.316667 | easy |
3KLL7H3EGD1457JCU09RMT9AAA7HVG | biomed | In summary, our findings demonstrate the impact of epistatic interactions between 129 and C57BL/6 genomes on the development of SLE and illustrate how these background gene effects may lead to incorrect interpretations when analysing the autoimmune phenotype of specific genetic disruptions. | disruptions | 0.2 | easy |
34YWR3PJ28ALYWIBW73O4M7E43EX0W | biomed | However, membrane organelle disruptions precede subunit c accumulation in homozygous CbCln3Δex7/8 cells, since they are observed without aging at confluency. | disruptions | 0.321429 | easy |
3U18MJKL1UM0GUZN6H9Z1LIHBE7NC1 | biomed | It is widely accepted that the cerebellum is involved in the performance of the rotating rod task, since mice with structural abnormalities in the cerebellum [31] or with disruptions in genes enriched in the cerebellum [32] exhibit performance deficits in this task. | disruptions | 0.4375 | neutral |
3PEG1BH7AERGYJMEV4LOY9VVZZUKBG | biomed | In contrast, radial columns of elongated fiber cells of uniform size and shape containing ball and socket interdigitations were observed in the posterior subcapsular region in 5 wk (Figure 4I), 46 wk (Figure 4L) and 72 wk (data not shown) wild type lenses, and fiber cells in contact with the posterior capsule could be traced back to the equatorial bow region and anterior epithelium. | contact | 0.234375 | easy |
35XW21VSVGEQZBLYRQJK3YIASMTLSR | biomed | At sites of cell-cell contact, however, E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes recruit α-catenin, which in turn coordinates the associated actin polymerization dynamics necessary to stabilize nascent AJs and integrate the cytoskeleton across an epithelial sheet [6,7,8]. | contact | 0.235294 | easy |
37ZQELHEQ0YDPGBEJ63D4HNT5SBMNI | biomed | Exposure of cultured cells to cadmium causes a decrease in, and destruction of, cellular contact proteins and the actin cytoskeleton (59). | contact | 0.305556 | easy |
3EQPA8A374WH5XJCJX1FJC2LBCIZJ2 | biomed | When sensory axons contact developing myotubes, they induce muscle spindle differentiation, forming ring-like spiral nerve endings around them. | contact | 0.3625 | easy |
3I7SHAD35MWOMVJR3ZMO8K135D77MT | biomed | The smaller response to dDAVP indicates some residual activity of the mutant AQP2 channel, which must be sufficient to allow survival of the individual, in contrast to the T126M knock-in mouse [18]. | individual | 0.2 | easy |
379OL9DBSSESUVWY1Z8JGBFG9D8Y9L | biomed | By using positional cloning procedures or by screening for genes induced by exposure to LXR agonists, two groups identified not one but two genes, ABCG5 and ABCG8, which encode the proteins sterolin-1 and sterolin-2, mutations of which cause sitosterolemia [14-16]. | procedures | 0.303571 | easy |
3O71U79SRBPA5T3JR2KZ3BXZSREMSP | biomed | It could be argued that although the biliary sterol output is comparable to that seen in wild-type mice that this is inappropriately low, since the tissue and plasma pools of sitosterol are so elevated in the knockout mice. | output | 0.2 | easy |
3PUV2Q8SV448KDG43NZ1UW05FP0BDV | biomed | In their studies, although diosgenin-fed mice showed a marked increase in biliary cholesterol output, mRNA levels of Abcg5 and Abcg8 were not altered. | output | 0.357143 | easy |
3ZUE82NE0A1MGZWTRHAHRUDPJXT8F4 | biomed | The Bochdalek or posterolateral hernias (often referred to as congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH]) occur in 1/3,000 live births [1], and although these are the most common type of diaphragmatic defect presenting at birth, diaphragmatic aplasia and diaphragmatic muscularization defects (eventrations) may have a similar clinical presentation. | presentation | 0.235294 | easy |
3V7ICJJAZAGVKHXBACY8RS6Z2C7B4I | biomed | Raising intracellular Ca2+ led to relocation of these annexins to the nuclear membrane. | Raising | 0.2 | easy |
3UY4PIS8QRLGTRPPQKKFKPZQ7HB1NK | biomed | To avoid such deleterious outcomes, surveillance systems ("checkpoints") exist to sense meiotic errors and eliminate cells containing unresolved defects. | checkpoints | 0.2 | easy |
3HFWPF5AK9J9J7V9LKFK7COTS02S3K | biomed | In alphaA/BKO lenses the embryonic/fetal nucleus (primary lens fibers) had migrated posteriorly and appeared to be in contact with the posterior capsule. | fibers | 0.2 | easy |
30U1YOGZGAW71ZX6E9LWKLA5JDMDSY | biomed | The resulting double-homozygous mutant embryos showed a context-dependent reduction in canonical Wnt signaling as measured by Wnt reporter transgene expression. | reporter | 0.2 | easy |
38EHZ67RIMS7FOUSW2QIEXEW4GKGMZ | biomed | Secondly we investigated reporter co-visualization in balanced adult chimeras comprised of both ECFP+ and EYFP+ compartments. | reporter | 0.277778 | easy |
3ZUE82NE0A1MGZWTRHAHRUDPJW1F8H | biomed | However expression of the RFP reporter could not be detected in any organ of adult mice nor in embryos (data not shown). | reporter | 0.28125 | easy |
3MIVREZQVHY32PO3EMIETYQULYYQKZ | biomed | This suggests that the DsRed1 RFP reporter was unable to recapitulate the expression profile of the promoter/enhancer combination employed. | reporter | 0.388889 | easy |
3JTPR5MTZSCE9355UUUBVNV3P395K1 | biomed | Furthermore, Amantana et al. (49) showed that expression of a reporter gene fused to a rat Sepw1 promoter fragment can be induced in rat glial cells by copper and zinc, but not cadmium. | reporter | 0.45 | neutral |
3XDSWAMB22SLJRCFM91G5FDMGPPCQ8 | biomed | Furthermore, with the growing amount of large-scale proteomic and genomic data becoming publicly available, this analysis can now be extended to reveal the complex interplay between evolution of gene structure and protein function. | evolution | 0.202381 | easy |
3K3G488TR280K6307ZE8R97CO915QT | biomed | Although two additional new candidate TACC family members, Oryctolagus cuniculus TACC4 [9] and human RHAMM [10] have been proposed, their true identity and placement in the evolution of the TACC family is under debate. | evolution | 0.222222 | easy |
33EEIIWHK77HI0IFDQWLV71B1WAVQV | biomed | In accordance with the proposed quadruplication of the vertebrate genome during evolution, there is a fourth FGFR family member in vertebrates, raising the question of whether a fourth TACC gene is associated with FGFR4 in vertebrate genomes. | evolution | 0.230769 | easy |
307FVKVSYRF8I5ULXVMSMQK3JMM47V | biomed | The phenotypical features of FAP and its variant, Gardner's syndrome, can be very variable. | syndrome | 0.203125 | easy |
3MZ3TAMYTLNC8VDFRYM2L8LMPGBIRH | biomed | ATR-X syndrome is a severe, nonprogressive form of X-linked mental retardation that is frequently associated with multiple congenital abnormalities [1]. | syndrome | 0.220588 | easy |
30OITAWPBQ368069RZ4VUBKDJHW9HY | biomed | Previously, we generated a TTD mouse model (XPDR722W) that phenocopies the human syndrome [15,21]. | syndrome | 0.296875 | easy |
33TGB4G0LPHME5F2U9RYOX9J1EHTXA | biomed | Examples of such very successful and useful modeling efforts are provided by HIV protease [11], or very recently by the peptidase from a coronavirus involved in the severe acute respiratory syndrome [12], among others. | syndrome | 0.326087 | easy |
3XEIP58NL0NN0N7CMIDSZRFDF2LZL4 | biomed | In this study, we described a large, densely mapped, segregating F2 mouse population designed to study the genetic regulation of several traits associated with the so-called metabolic syndrome. | syndrome | 0.366667 | easy |
38Z7YZ2SB32CWUYFEJX2GIBHTUEQIT | biomed | One further point worthy of note is the striking similarity between the hybrid photoreceptor identified in this study and a naturally occurring photoreceptor found in ground squirrels. | ground | 0.409091 | neutral |
3N3WJQXELSQXUC40XB4ECG56USP2L0 | biomed | This is reflected by a reduction of the Vmax of HKI without significantly affecting the Km of the active site of HKI toward glucose (Figure 2A and 2B). | reduction | 0.203125 | easy |
3M0556243SK7J6JXXJZ09R3K8SSNF7 | biomed | Conversely, beads soaked with neurotrophin function-blocking antibodies led to reduction of sensory and motor axon growth towards the limb. | reduction | 0.205882 | easy |
37SOB9Z0SSXMFU0J1BIJVQAY06V3LI | biomed | ETF reduction assays of liver homogenates were performed to characterize the MCAD−/− mice at the enzymatic level. | reduction | 0.25 | easy |
3EHIMLB7F7Z6UVNZM7YHUFP2ZC6H8B | biomed | Since Sertoli cells produce FGF9, loss of proliferation of Sertoli precursors may result in a reduction of the overall level of FGF9, and/or other male paracrine signals, below a critical threshold level required to antagonize the influence of WNT4. | reduction | 0.3 | easy |
3RWO3EJELH9GWC126ZX7OE4L7XAP14 | biomed | Taken together with the immunoblotting data for full-length APPswe/ind, the ELISA measurements indicate that dox-mediated suppression of transgenic APPswe/ind synthesis leads to parallel reduction of Aβ levels. | reduction | 0.338235 | easy |
3JHB4BPSFK9JLT5CAPRP3PCEA4S9QU | biomed | Mutations in retinal specific genes, such as Crx, have been associated with LCA [14,15], as well as GUCY2D [18], RPE65 [19], AIPL-1 [20], CRB-1 [21], and RPGRIP-1 [22]. | genes | 0.203125 | easy |
360ZO6N6J1JS0E7KIWK8MGS903PM9E | biomed | We sequenced candidate hg modifier genes to complement the characterization of the speed congenics on MMU2, 9, 11 and 17. | genes | 0.214286 | easy |
32LAQ1JNT9PUX1L7P4GB4QAF7WVTUD | biomed | Therefore, these sequence data can be used to guide the development of gene expression assays to confirm differential expression for candidates and suggests that genes identified by downstream experiments should also be sequenced. | genes | 0.25 | easy |
31YWE12TE0CZG7IVH6OXJ1H1CHQX72 | biomed | Analysis of the mechanisms by which transcription factor programs can be shifted over time to control different complements of downstream genes and thus different aspects of neuronal and cellular fates in progenitor cells or post-mitotic neurons may provide further insight into the way in which transcription factors act to control the assembly of neuronal circuits. | genes | 0.328125 | easy |
3VADEH0UHCXGQW0WJICRKFRUXWUPST | biomed | During disease development, genes involved in the disease are likely to be differentially regulated. | genes | 0.375 | easy |
3VMHWJRYHVGCV0X1ZPM97TUIA59FXO | biomed | It is becoming increasingly clear that many forms of glaucoma have a genetic component [6,7], and much current research is focused on identifying chromosomal regions and genes that contribute to glaucoma [8-10]. | research | 0.25 | easy |
3Q7TKIAPOTAKXM2GU0OV8ZWARJELDS | biomed | CF assisted with production of the mouse models, data collection, analysis, and interpretation. | production | 0.222222 | easy |
3CESM1J3EI31N7Z0ORNJB43Y85TW64 | biomed | Instead, our results reveal that huntingtin is required for normal anterior streak formation and the consequent production of paraxial mesoderm, with a previously unrecognized role for huntingtin in the proper extinction of transiently and/or dynamically expressed genes. | production | 0.279412 | easy |
39KV3A5D187RKQWWNWIAKT09X3H7SZ | biomed | We detected co-expression of PAX6, HOMER3, DNCL1 and TRIM11 by RT-PCR in human adult brain RNA (IH, L Harrison and A Brown, data not shown). | Brown | 0.203125 | easy |
34YWR3PJ28ALYWIBW73O4M7E44CX0W | biomed | This strategy was based upon previous structure/function studies showing that excision of the C-terminal 25 amino acid residues of the small subunit abolished calpain activity when co-expressed with the m-calpain large subunit in E. coli [34]. | acid | 0.203125 | easy |
385MDVINFCFDB2E78AH8K883UAKWJF | biomed | The μ-80 k and m-80 k subunits share 62% amino acid sequence identity, and are very similar in terms of structure, protein chemistry, and in vitro substrate specificity. | acid | 0.232143 | easy |
3R6RZGK0XFCQR29140DF8T4D05RYV1 | biomed | Indeed, the relative contribution of increased triglyceride synthesis rates to the steatotic phenotype cannot be fully discerned from our data, given that this response could reflect the direct effects of PGC-1α deficiency on target genes or a secondary compensatory response to hepatocyte fatty acid accumulation. | acid | 0.234375 | easy |
3RTFSSG7T86J6S27BVTL0NLVYZKLW1 | biomed | They are characterized by a bipartite structure with a conserved C-terminal core domain and a unique N-terminal domain that varies in length and amino acid composition. | acid | 0.380952 | easy |
3YLPJ8OXX8D2XK0CF8QQGPXRLFV4XK | biomed | Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV; MIM 252650) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is characterized by corneal clouding, delayed psychomotor development, and mental retardation that usually presents during the first year of life [1]. | year | 0.234375 | easy |
3N7PQ0KLI5P89OQRKPVFIVKER9OE30 | biomed | Genetic experiments in S. cerevisiae have identified elements of the pachytene checkpoint machinery (reviewed in [5]). | machinery | 0.205882 | easy |
3DFYDSXB2W00JYP2DA272KN69U4JUY | biomed | The zebrafish is an excellent model system to elucidate the molecular machinery controlling gene expression during hematopoiesis (Thisse and Zon 2002; Galloway and Zon 2003). | machinery | 0.321429 | easy |
33W1NHWFYHLBJ0FHVRFJLIPU9EFTZ7 | biomed | Third, studies in primary cardiac myocytes in culture and in the hearts of transgenic mice have demonstrated that overexpression of PGC-1α promotes mitochondrial biogenesis [10,16]. | Third | 0.205882 | easy |
33K3E8REWWV3GLNERBG3X1DWN1WX8P | biomed | Third, the growth of heart and soleus muscle, tissues with high reliance on mitochondrial energy production, is blunted. | Third | 0.235294 | easy |
3D06DR5225J65XHPA2Y8IB3T6M5AMH | biomed | Absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestine is an important part of cholesterol homeostasis and represents the initial step that allows dietary cholesterol to exert its metabolic effects. | Absorption | 0.205882 | easy |
3SU800BH86SH5LTF80MGZLZSNQTUQZ | biomed | In contrast, radial columns of elongated fiber cells of uniform size and shape containing ball and socket interdigitations were observed in the posterior subcapsular region in 5 wk (Figure 4I), 46 wk (Figure 4L) and 72 wk (data not shown) wild type lenses, and fiber cells in contact with the posterior capsule could be traced back to the equatorial bow region and anterior epithelium. | ball | 0.205882 | easy |
3EN4YVUOUCSS02JXIFDUMRMA3CLJXQ | biomed | Brown fat is predominantly responsible for thermogenesis and normally expresses high levels of Acadm mRNA. | fat | 0.205882 | easy |
3SD15I2WD2U4W9XCE7CH67S1AB563C | biomed | Third, we found evidence for an age-related increase in body fat in PGC-1α−/− mice (females earlier than males), whereas Lin et al. identified a male-specific resistance to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. | fat | 0.223684 | easy |
3JGHED38EDROGC85M2AZ2FOAENKY79 | biomed | Aging has long been associated with an increase in marrow fat, where the generation of adipocytes is favored over osteoblasts [23]. | fat | 0.25 | easy |
3FO95NVK5C0129GBWAGGPAR9YFASRI | biomed | As the annexins belong to a wide spread and evolutionarily conserved protein family, redundant, but not identical functions are expected. | spread | 0.205882 | easy |
3V0TR1NRVA2Q17SJ4YYCWHMTKUMA4M | biomed | Analysis of the mechanisms by which transcription factor programs can be shifted over time to control different complements of downstream genes and thus different aspects of neuronal and cellular fates in progenitor cells or post-mitotic neurons may provide further insight into the way in which transcription factors act to control the assembly of neuronal circuits. | Analysis | 0.205882 | easy |
38XPGNCKHT0ATVVHFTP8S40655L4VH | biomed | Analysis of huntingtin deficient Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 embryos reveals that homozygous inactivation of the mouse HD gene does not overtly affect development until E7.0. | Analysis | 0.308824 | easy |
3M7OI89LVYOS99TV70NIZAWVGODC6B | biomed | Only in situations with severe physical injury, distinct environmental influences or additional platelet attributes like the platelet antigen polymorphism [53] differences might become apparent. | injury | 0.205882 | easy |
3CIS7GGG65JS8I3AZ9RG54AE4M8EU8 | biomed | Indirect support for this idea is provided by the observation that Fabp7 is up-regulated by microarray analysis in Nrl and Crx mutant retinas as well (unpublished data), suggesting that this change may represent a generalized response to injury in the retina rather than derepression of a cone-enriched gene. | injury | 0.3125 | easy |
3B623HUYJ4QVK41FX1AGYTW48MP8SN | biomed | These mapping studies have shown that the disease expression in relation to the inheritance of the different alleles followed a threshold liability pattern in which a positive phenotype depended upon the presence of multiple discrete susceptibility loci with no single locus being a prerequisite factor. | relation | 0.205882 | easy |
38O9DZ0A62NFBR1TA7YCNXN94X062W | biomed | During skeletal aging, there is a shift in the balance that favors osteoclast over osteoblast activity, which results in net bone loss [3]. | shift | 0.205882 | easy |
3QMELQS6Y5BWFBIEPXDDO5VHGPM6RH | biomed | The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is critical for cell cycle exit during retinal transition cell birth. | birth | 0.205882 | easy |
3511RHPADVEEYWLLC1JFDODE6L3RL4 | biomed | Especially, nerves which control the breathing would be very important, because the respiration system undergoes significant maturation in the first 2–3 weeks after birth. | birth | 0.205882 | easy |
3KTZHH2ONIFSM9OAD4EUMKXYGX78MB | biomed | Interestingly, AVPR2-deficient male pups also die within the first week after birth. | birth | 0.216667 | easy |
3S37Y8CWI80N8KVM53U4E6JKCDV4WX | biomed | As these patients commonly present with severe respiratory failure at birth, therapy has been centered around developing better methods to provide ventilatory support while not producing further lung injury. | birth | 0.285714 | easy |
31J7RYECZLQQ5RM4E7407XV12MGL17 | biomed | With the normal time of eye opening at approximately 14 days after birth, the 5 wk old mice had their eyes open and lenses exposed to light for only about 3 weeks prior to morphological analysis. | birth | 0.3 | easy |
3PZDSVZ3J5HXLQM8D23HIN6TJ2IN4I | biomed | The experimental conditions used for real-time PCR can be found in Additional data file 2. | file | 0.206522 | easy |
3HEM8MA6H9C4DGLJRENMPFCTF84PQZ | biomed | A list of the primers used to confirm the expression of olfactory receptor genes by RT-PCR and PCR from cDNA library templates can be found in Additional data file 1. | file | 0.216667 | easy |
3ZURAPD288N45ZC8SW12CKQH5QP1FD | biomed | Single strains on an HG background were created for each chromosomal region outside of MMU2, while a comprehensive panel of overlapping strains with identical donor regions on both B6 and HG backgrounds were developed for MMU2. | panel | 0.208333 | easy |
391FPZIE4CM4SSUCPAZMQ77RW2ZUH3 | biomed | The aggregated components of the chimera from which each organ originated is schematized in the top right of each panel in Fig. 4. | panel | 0.235294 | easy |
3LVTFB9DE5IY03SKOVXZV6Y1EHMGQR | biomed | Several studies of this CSS panel, B6 Chr1-19, X, YA/J, have been reported for behavior [12], weight gain [13], sterols [13], and plasma amino acids levels [13,14], and have identified many more QTL than studies of the same traits using a genome-wide scan. | panel | 0.328125 | easy |
34YWR3PJ28ALYWIBW73O4M7E43L0X6 | biomed | Around P6, the outer plexiform layer becomes visible and the outer layer of retina separates into two layers, ONL and INL. | layers | 0.208333 | easy |
3B623HUYJ4QVK41FX1AGYTW48MPS87 | biomed | Subsequent exchanges between the placode and nascent dermal papilla result in further growth of the follicle into the underlying dermis, or down-growth, and eventual differentiation into the six concentric layers of the mature follicle. | layers | 0.25 | easy |
3E9VAUV7BWE6ZE63T5MJC6Q0FWIYAU | biomed | Many of the double transgenic mice showed similar circular patterns of swimming near the edge of the tank when tested in the Morris water maze. | maze | 0.208333 | easy |
3Z3R5YC0P3N5EJOHUFLCIQ9CX9LFT5 | biomed | Although such “mosaic” expression is usually undesired, here we took advantage of it by ablating GluR-B via gene-targeted, floxed GluR-B alleles with the help of a transgenic mouse line with variegated Cre expression in forebrain. | help | 0.234375 | easy |
33Q5P9PUSPMUXJD695KTW8PQLT8CZ2 | biomed | New lines of transgenic mice were developed for this study that express high levels of APPswe/ind under the control of a tetracycline-responsive promoter. | New | 0.25 | easy |
363A7XIFV4MPVKBYOUZZ57M6XEJAVY | biomed | Microarray-based global gene expression is a powerful technique for investigating complex diseases. | technique | 0.210526 | easy |
30ZKOOGW2W6998V0HGFAYJFQ8BB1A1 | biomed | We then screened a brain library with this peptide using the yeast two-hybrid technique and identified three novel interacting proteins, HOMER3, DNCL1 and TRIM11. | technique | 0.397059 | easy |
3BVS8WK9Q0VPSOWQV10CLTGI7U8BIX | biomed | The use of mouse models has provided valuable insight into the etiology of monogenic syndromes caused by single gene mutations. | insight | 0.210526 | easy |
35NNO802AVWRTXLNYR5LCOGCOJRINY | biomed | To gain further insight into the mechanisms of this disease, we developed a mouse model of MCAD deficiency by gene targeting in embryonic stem (ES) cells (for reviews [13,14]). | insight | 0.302632 | easy |
33IXYHIZB5IJO6U8GPHAZLFMLWME2P | biomed | Mice with or without intact dopamine D2R-mediated signaling displayed similar decreases in latencies to retrieve unhidden food pellets (Fig. 1) and learned to dig for food buried in unscented sand (Fig. 2). | sand | 0.210526 | easy |
3Z8UJEJOCZDRESZACEFTQHJ30D693L | biomed | To this effect, the RanBP2 mouse model will serve as a unique genetic tool to probe selective, multiple and novel pathways, which may have not been anticipated to be linked to metabolic processes and allied pathophysiological states. | processes | 0.2125 | easy |
3KG2UQJ0MJO4AV96BZAULQ7YFU1QN4 | biomed | Suppression of the KCNJ10 K+ channel in strial intermediate cells, which is essential for the generation of the endocochlear potential, is probably the direct cause of deafness in Slc26a4-/- mice and patients suffering from Pendred syndrome. | deafness | 0.2125 | easy |
3UL5XDRDNCJUE234L5X85IMCU2H85L | biomed | These observations suggest that a primary event leading to deafness in Slc26a4-/- mice, and potentially in patients suffering from Pendred syndrome, is the loss of the endocochlear potential. | deafness | 0.381579 | easy |
3GL25Y6843UI1APILCQM2JER76LXMD | biomed | The SNP data showed a deletion of between 188 kb and 210 kb in size; examination of SNPs at the flanking unknown regions of this deletion allowed us to delimit the borders of the deletion to 7.5 kb on the telomeric side of the deletion (between rs12634249 and rs793396) and ~14.4 kb on the centromeric side of the deletion (between rs4073665 and rs17709863). | examination | 0.2125 | easy |
3DIIW4IV8PV57PBHGMQPDFACX2X4IQ | biomed | Our present results suggest that although many of the observed phenotypes seen in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants superficially resemble those seen in VCF/DGS, a detailed examination shows that the NC-specific abrogation of Alk5 does not lead to VCF/DGS-like phenotypes. | examination | 0.21875 | easy |
3VCK0Q0PO5EGM247U1GF6KGG2PB0NM | biomed | However, downstream targets of mr-s still remain unclear. | targets | 0.214286 | easy |
3H5TOKO3D9JPE5GGELH0GCK7OB164X | biomed | Second, forced expression studies in adipogenic and myogenic mammalian cell lines demonstrated that PGC-1α activates mitochondrial biogenesis through a group of transcription factor targets including nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF-1 and -2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), key transcriptional regulators of mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication [8]. | targets | 0.25 | easy |
3ATYLI1PRT256T55HOQY3EVHR8LJOQ | biomed | Thus, this effect may not be limited to the Shh pathway and other targets may be more important. | targets | 0.265625 | easy |
3QE4DGPGBRBRBY5MQYQMS3XWIPZG44 | biomed | Lastly, the information and knowledge gained from studies with the MSUD models described here will also be applicable and transferable to other mitochondrial disorders due to defects in multisubunit enzymes. | knowledge | 0.222222 | easy |
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