id
stringlengths
30
30
corpus
stringclasses
3 values
sentence
stringlengths
10
1.38k
token
stringlengths
1
16
complexity
float64
0
0.86
difficulty
stringclasses
5 values
3SA4EMRVJV2GPNGKAGT7A9LB2470PD
biomed
Besides the classic form, there are other variants of the disease.
variants
0.285714
easy
3X52SWXE0X5Q3O81YI0MX4V84R4CWC
biomed
MOG, myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, has many different splice variants in humans that are not found in mice [17].
variants
0.357143
easy
30QQTY5GMKK7Z3O0C1DAZUIXIZA7UL
biomed
From these observations we conclude that the blue-shifted ECFP, and the red-shifted EYFP variants of wtGFP are both amenable to use in mice.
variants
0.397059
easy
39O6Z4JLX2X1RXJRZ4RDPFX4YZXVXS
biomed
For example, ADAM17 (TACE) has been shown to cleave several substrates, including tumour necrosis factor alpha[3,4], heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor [6,7] and transforming growth factor alpha [8].
tumour
0.25
easy
3M47JKRKCX1QX63IQO7DXO0CQYQ861
biomed
Mapk14, a candidate gene for locus 8 and also called p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) alpha, regulates the production of arthritis-essential cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 [32].
tumour
0.428571
neutral
3DIIW4IV8PV57PBHGMQPDFACX2R4IK
biomed
Gradients of Pax6 expression are important for determining positional characteristics in the retina [18] and the neocortex [7].
characteristics
0.25
easy
33QQ60S6ASITHSOGR2S1KF8AALXU01
biomed
Assuming that CSRP1 is important for the organization of cytoskeletal elements in the mouse, its upregulation by cadmium might protect the organism from damage of the cytoskeleton.
elements
0.25
easy
3TFJJUELSHP4R8AUKYBF9XFJ0JHC20
biomed
The cross consists of 334 animals of both sexes, allowing us to specifically test for the dependence of QTLs on sex.
cross
0.25
easy
3QI9WAYOGQB8GQIR4MDIEF0D2R4S6Q
biomed
Since the parental strains differ in susceptibility to CIA, in spite of both having the MHC class II A beta genes [15], we wanted to test the susceptibility to inflammatory disease in mice from this cross.
cross
0.265625
easy
3LXX8KJXPW9G0HSWVCZLEKHEV34O9V
biomed
More importantly, we have knowledge of all large previously detected growth and obesity QTL in the current cross [24].
cross
0.35
easy
3L1EFR8WWT5MU4F3W9GVRQ8033BF90
biomed
The sequence of DsRed1 has recently been modified and optimized for high levels of expression in mammalian cells by the introduction of 144 silent base pair changes corresponding to human codon usage preferences.
usage
0.25
easy
3PA41K45VN4U7YG4VFEGPOVYAII7PP
biomed
We find that the majority of the olfactory receptors, like most non-olfactory receptor genes [38,39], are transcribed as multiple isoforms, involving alternative splicing of 5' untranslated exons and alternate polyadenylation-site usage.
usage
0.382353
easy
3LOJFQ4BOXF9DGKY90CUTZJV2J9DKH
biomed
However, earlier findings of normal proprioceptive afferent trajectories in chicken embryos despite injection of function-blocking NT-3 antibody into the spinal cord (Oakley et al. 1995) led them to discount this possibility.
chicken
0.25
easy
341YLJU21IZV4BWUC871K0DEDO1I28
biomed
Amip3 mutants confer resistant to copper toxicity.
toxicity
0.25
easy
308KJXFUJR6AIS79JZZK4PYL0T3ATI
biomed
Altogether, the results suggest that RMCE can give rise to p53GFP-expressing MEFs, but they die rapidly owing to p53GFP toxicity.
toxicity
0.375
easy
3511RHPADVEEYWLLC1JFDODE6KARL9
biomed
Hence, either GluR-B deficiency, or the expression of Q/R site-unedited GluR-B with a glutamine residue at the critical channel site, leads to increased Ca2+ permeability of AMPA channels, as amply demonstrated in gene-targeted mice [51,53,58,60].
expression
0.25
easy
3PKVGQTFIHKYYVSKVG857WFAF07YR3
biomed
Several groups, including ours, have reported the advantage of combining traditional genetics with genome-wide gene expression analysis for the dissection of complex traits.
expression
0.285714
easy
3XEIP58NL0NN0N7CMIDSZRFDF2MLZR
biomed
Wnt14 is expressed in stripes at the sites where joints will form, and it is capable of inducing expression of other joint markers when misexpressed at new locations in the limb (Hartmann and Tabin 2001).
expression
0.3
easy
3WPCIUYH1A88GZAL39QMUQ6RLW5TD8
biomed
Oxidative stress and the subsequent restoration of cellular homeostasis have been shown to induce the expression of genes encoding acute-phase proteins and antioxidant enzymes (74).
expression
0.346154
easy
3DGDV62G7O9NLXJYP3XLTXEQZ3O2PY
biomed
Mammals have seven DM domain genes (Dmrt genes), several of which exhibit sexually dimorphic mRNA expression [23,24].
expression
0.385417
easy
37PGLWGSJT6QLR0K1ED5KWZ8UOMIKT
biomed
Our findings indicate that huntingtin is required for proper patterning of the epiblast during early embryogenesis, for proper anterior streak and node formation, primitive streak progression, paraxial mesoderm and head fold formation, as well as for the proper restriction of transiently expressed growth and transcription factor genes.
restriction
0.25
easy
3J9UN9O9J3SK3CDMF3ONDDZZT50J0V
biomed
Current management of MSUD patients relies on a strict lifelong dietary restriction of protein or BCAA [1,8].
restriction
0.277778
easy
388FBO7JZRTDJX0S29ROYCA0E3IYNF
biomed
Sperm binding to the oocyte leads to increased cytoplasmic calcium which triggers the acrosome reaction [46].
Sperm
0.25
easy
3W0KKJIARR9XWLO7SS1E775URSC8K6
biomed
The two ubiquitous Ca2+-dependent, cysteine proteases known as μ-calpain (calpain-1) and m-calpain (capain-2), are the founding members of a gene family comprising 13 genes in mammals [1-3].
founding
0.25
easy
3HYV4299H0WUALWXW6QB9CSP7WE8EM
biomed
Identification of novel modulators and factors of these pathways can be identified by associating the phenotype with a location(s) on a specific chromosome, a quantitative trait locus (QTL).
Identification
0.25
easy
3VEI3XUCZRX4PH0J4TCMU5MYBV4RP2
biomed
If, as predicted, overproduction of Aβ initiates the cascade of events leading to disease, then therapeutic strategies that lower Aβ levels should either arrest or reverse the progression from peptide to dementia.
overproduction
0.25
easy
3V0TR1NRVA2Q17SJ4YYCWHMTKUS4AM
biomed
Transgenic expression of APPswe/ind and consequent overproduction of Aβ42 cause early-onset amyloid deposition in untreated mice, in which deposits appear as early as 2 mo of age.
overproduction
0.416667
neutral
3TKXBROM5TAVA7U2JTDTJHZVFZHJIQ
biomed
Similarly, mice homozygous for a null mutation in Dmrt1 have severe defects in testis differentiation involving both germ cells and Sertoli cells [31].
germ
0.25
easy
35ZRNT9RUIYULF3GE3YBN7ESVCSO3E
biomed
Because most Dmrt7 mutant germ cells are eliminated by apoptosis around the time at which we observed sex chromatin defects, a simple model is that the apoptosis is a consequence of the sex chromatin defects.
germ
0.447368
neutral
3EGKVCRQFWSBIOBVZJMF7HA6XDCBY9
biomed
In spite of dietary intervention, there is significant mortality associated with MSUD and there is a high incidence of mental retardation in survivors [9].
mortality
0.25
easy
3D1TUISJWI04ON5WVSH7QJ86WFKUI2
biomed
Mutations in two different ligands in the BMP family, Gdf5 and Gdf6, the Bmpr1b receptor, and in the human Noggin locus (Storm and Kingsley 1996; Gong et al. 1999; Baur et al. 2000; Yi et al. 2000; Settle et al. 2003) also produce defects in joint formation at specific locations in the limbs.
Storm
0.25
easy
3MD8CKRQZZN836XL9G72X90M2WYJRU
biomed
Several members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of secreted signaling molecules are also expressed in stripes at sites where joints will form, including those encoded by the genes Gdf5, Gdf6, Gdf7, Bmp2, and Bmp4 (Storm and Kingsley 1996; Wolfman et al. 1997; Francis-West et al. 1999; Settle et al. 2003).
Storm
0.302083
easy
3MQY1YVHS3KLH3IO6YFKYD91IYBB2M
biomed
For example, in a previous study, we carried out a genome screen to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is a widely used animal model of RA.
genome
0.25
easy
334ZEL5JX6FY5WOV4IZCVFM4NRYSOF
biomed
Given our interest in human neurological disease we sought to identify any cognate human disorders where linkage had been established to the syntenic region of the human genome, but where no causal mutation had been identified.
genome
0.394737
easy
3DQYSJDTYLBKPMX54E23PB9IY4PEX0
biomed
By 2005, approximately 20 quantitative trait genes (QTGs) in the mouse genome had been identified [12,13].
genome
0.4
neutral
3I7KR83SNADXAQ7HXK7S7305BYUK97
biomed
The ease of manipulating its genome has helped establish the mouse as the premier model organism for mammalian genetic studies.
genome
0.464286
neutral
3Y40HMYLL1I1EIURUEH8TTVLKSJXU0
biomed
Using DNase I and micrococcal nuclease (MNase) assays, we could not observe any significant difference between control and p150CAF-1-depleted ES cells at the level of bulk genome chromatin or at pericentric repeats (Figure 5).
genome
0.473684
neutral
3A9LA2FRWSEW9WO7UFA9AE6VQKHHXJ
biomed
All paired images (which show the wild-type control on the left and the rd7 mutant retina on the right) are labeled in the lower left-hand corner with the gene symbol followed by the age of the retinas in question (P6, P14, P28, or adult).
adult
0.25
easy
3W1K7D6QSBHBNEL0V5OYLOJ837GBZ0
biomed
We used this mutant because deleting the proline-rich domain decreases stability and compromises DNA-damage responses in vivo (5).
compromises
0.25
easy
3NRZ1LDP7W6DR8MAEA6ZG8OXKBOZP2
biomed
Lysosomal and endosomal size and distribution are altered, and mitochondria are abnormally elongated and functionally compromised in sub-confluent homozygous CbCln3Δex7/8 cultures.
cultures
0.25
easy
3IKDQS3DQE082TOW91W7WDM0PG6CI5
biomed
Arabidopsis thaliana does not appear to have a pachytene checkpoint akin to that in yeast [11], nor do male Drosophila.
yeast
0.260417
easy
3ZQX1VYFTD5GMC9MQKT7EOM3BXMO86
biomed
Some of these alleles fail to support viability in a haploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast strain with a null mutation in the XPD homologue rad15 and are thus considered devoid of significant biological activity [19].
yeast
0.266667
easy
3B623HUYJ4QVK41FX1AGYTW48MU8SS
biomed
This domain is found in a large number of proteins, including Polycomb group (PcG) proteins [18], serine threonine kinases [19], Eph family receptor tyrosine kinases [20], the p73 tumor suppressor [21], the RNA-binding protein Smaug [22], diacylglycerol kinases [23,24], yeast mating type signaling proteins [19,25] and ETS family transcription factors [26,27].
yeast
0.357143
easy
3NOEP8XAU42OMDMVDSIEJN8MCBRXP4
biomed
At higher magnification, examination of sections stained with DiI and SYTOX green revealed ultrastructural differences between alphaA/BKO lenses and wild type lenses (Figure 3).
sections
0.261905
easy
3TLFH2L6Y9OLDPC56K65Y7FNO5B2T3
biomed
Only recently, through the study of a rare human disease, have clues to this process been revealed.
clues
0.2625
easy
3D17ECOUOEV9PNWF8100BB1K21I134
biomed
Thus, Dmrt7 likely arose, presumably by duplication and divergence of another Dmrt gene, shortly before or coincident with the mammalian radiation.
radiation
0.2625
easy
3FJ2RVH25Z62TA3R8E1O77EBUZ692A
biomed
Evidence of interallelic complementation at clinically relevant loci is limited to biochemical and cell-based studies of a handful of metabolic disorders with defects in enzymes including propinyl-CoA carboxylase [2], argininosuccinate lyase [3], galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [4], and methylmalonyl CoA mutase [5].
Evidence
0.2625
easy
3R868ACW4SC7EVTBBRGCMZA5JK2GZG
biomed
A list of the primers used to confirm the expression of olfactory receptor genes by RT-PCR and PCR from cDNA library templates can be found in Additional data file 1.
list
0.2625
easy
3T8DUCXY0N6WD9X4RTLK8UN1UBR9T8
biomed
Null mutations in Bmpr1a cause early embryonic lethality, with defects in gastrulation similar to those seen in mice with mutations in Bmp4 (Mishina et al. 1995; Winnier et al. 1995).
lethality
0.263158
easy
36818Z1KV3D5JB9F4KTTMCUN6UQA31
biomed
Furthermore, null mutations in L-Sox5 or Sox-6 cause lethality at or soon after birth, and no effect on cartilage maintenance has been reported (Smits et al. 2001).
lethality
0.316667
easy
3PGQRAZX02KAZASXA58AX6K612QSYL
biomed
Complete lack of huntingtin results in developmental arrest during gastrulation, while severe reduction of huntingtin levels results in abnormal neurogenesis and perinatal lethality [15].
lethality
0.35
easy
3BAKUKE49HC18PHHJR1WT9408E01R8
biomed
These Dhcr7 knockout mice are models for human SLOS, especially the more severely affected patients, since early postnatal lethality with respiratory failure has been reported in severe SLOS cases [4,5].
lethality
0.382353
easy
3K3G488TR280K6307ZE8R97CO88Q5J
biomed
Of these four genes, SAE2 and ZIP1 do not have clear mammalian orthologs (although SYCP1 may be a functional ortholog of ZIP1), and mutation of the mouse RAD17 ortholog, Rad1, presumably causes embryonic lethality [42].
lethality
0.4375
neutral
38F60IALAGHEHF9RRX2RFJM8R8PT0A
biomed
These results suggest that BMP receptor signaling is essential for continued health and integrity of articular cartilage in the postnatal period.
cartilage
0.263158
easy
359AP8GAGGKBD970QASA5OWRB0V7C5
biomed
Thin layers of articular cartilage line the bones of synovial joints and provide a smooth, wear-resistant structure that reduces friction and absorbs impact forces (Brandt et al. 1998).
cartilage
0.3
easy
3IVKZBIBJ09ODF28054MB6P3B5KSHR
biomed
Therefore, BMPR1A appears to maintain articular cartilage primarily through inducing expression of key ECM components.
cartilage
0.359375
easy
3RDTX9JRTY19FB0XEQIJ3YVJ5EU97Q
biomed
It is interesting that the SOX9 transcription factor continues to be expressed in mutant cartilage despite loss of Col2a1, a direct target of this transcription factor (Bell et al. 1997; Lefebvre et al. 1997).
cartilage
0.390625
easy
371Q3BEXDH9A40226RATBDT87WTZSI
biomed
PRC1, including ph, recognizes the histone H3 lysine 27 mark set by PRC2 and maintains a stable state of gene repression in which PRC1 blocks chromatin remodeling by the trithorax group-related SWI-SNF complex [46,47].
mark
0.411765
neutral
39KMGHJ4RZAD16C0TVEHV8K3UWU005
biomed
Normal differentiation of lens fiber cells consists of a progression from a simple cuboidal epithelial cell, containing a nucleus and a minimal numbers of organelles, to a stratified layer of elongated fiber-like cells, devoid of nuclei and organelles.
nucleus
0.264706
easy
304QEQWKZPKY4N4JVGGSL9GLSZG0O1
biomed
Pericentric domains from different chromosomes form clusters, which are revealed by FISH as large spots that coincide with DAPI-dense foci in the interphase nucleus (Figure 4A).
nucleus
0.303571
easy
35XW21VSVGEQZBLYRQJK3YIASMOLSM
biomed
In alphaA/BKO lenses the embryonic/fetal nucleus (primary lens fibers) had migrated posteriorly and appeared to be in contact with the posterior capsule.
nucleus
0.3125
easy
3ZQA3IO31BRYBCP1RZKSZEZVXRM1O5
biomed
In transfected CHO cells, alphaB has also been shown to ectopically localize to interphase nuclei, suggesting a role for this protein in the nucleus [19].
nucleus
0.359375
easy
3CMV9YRYP31X08284WA6BXRNW3BJL4
biomed
Expression studies demonstrated the distribution of Annexin A7 in a wide variety of tissues and cells mainly enriched in the cytosol in close association with membranous structures, but it was also described in the nucleus of adrenal chromaffin cells [4].
nucleus
0.375
easy
3R0WOCG21M9NGCPA3EGWZMST4A7DUE
biomed
The loss of Sertoli cells in XY Fgf9 −/− gonads is not due to cell death, but instead to a transition of supporting cell fate as SOX9 expression is lost.
transition
0.264706
easy
3WKGUBL7SZM7XQJN1PN25V24E7JL4F
biomed
The fact that Sam68−/− osteoclasts looked and acted like Sam68+/+ osteoclasts ex vivo and in vivo made it unlikely that this was the primary source of the difference in bone metabolism in 12-month-old Sam68−/− mice.
source
0.264706
easy
30UZJB2POHC8D5XY9O2CE1E1EGP53Q
biomed
Disruption of Capn1, encoding the μ-calpain catalytic subunit, was subsequently reported to result in fertile, viable mice with some mild defects in the μ-calpain rich platelets relating to their aggregation and clot retraction [33].
Disruption
0.264706
easy
31S7M7DAGGQREBYDGQOAD3EWU57LTG
biomed
Data from a number of previous studies also show that different olfactory receptor genes, or even copies of the same olfactory receptor transgene in different genomic locations are expressed in different numbers of cells [14,18,35], but do not address the issue of transcript level per cell.
copies
0.264706
easy
39XCQ6V3KY47AOKGSQ0AL4QLO7R56W
biomed
The morphological differences in alphaA/BKO lenses, compared to age matched wild type lenses, were consistent with the hypothesis that alpha-crystallin plays an active role in the differentiation and growth of lens fiber cells.
hypothesis
0.264706
easy
3QX22DUVOOHQXLKNLXP4EYH6RV8MVU
biomed
Histochemical analysis was performed to verify this hypothesis.
hypothesis
0.275
easy
3QX22DUVOOHQXLKNLXP4EYH6RVDVM8
biomed
To test the hypothesis that a temporal delay in the onset of transcriptional programs is crucial for the control of appropriate neuronal maturation, we studied the development of proprioceptive DRG neurons, since transcriptional effectors regulated by target-derived signals, as well as some of their downstream biological actions, have been identified for these neurons.
hypothesis
0.283333
easy
3MNJFORX8B43THDRTJ3EFA3YH605F5
biomed
The lack of cellar organization and uniform cell shape at the equatorial region observed in alphaA/BKO lenses supports this hypothesis.
hypothesis
0.375
easy
3WRKFXQBOB7L5WP15TEWT4EJS3VIYO
biomed
This hypothesis is amenable to testing in the Dhcr7 null mice.
hypothesis
0.383333
easy
3ACRLU860NEDCJU4ZIAL0EIQF16EBW
biomed
It is notable that, despite extensive analysis of Fog2 biology and the generation of a Fog2 knock-out mouse, its role in diaphragm and lung development was previously not recognized.
biology
0.264706
easy
3KI0JD2ZU1IMXSYZGJF7JO4HFDR67H
biomed
Dual color imaging of several GFP variant proteins is a very attractive prospect and has become a standard procedure in cell biology [7,8].
biology
0.34375
easy
31N9JPQXIPIRX2A3S9N0CCFXO67HNZ
biomed
Similarly, CAF-1 is essential in mammalian cell lines for the progression of DNA replication [16,23,24,34].
replication
0.264706
easy
3Z33IC0JC0MBQ11TWOLZ9CBMRW79VO
biomed
DNA helicase is a central factor for operation of replication forks.
replication
0.3
easy
33P2GD6NRNSQPWP0VWVKKKYTUB7KH2
biomed
Unexpectedly, Mcm4/6/7 helicase is not capable of efficiently unwinding the GC-rich duplex segment, suggesting that some other mechanism may be required for completion of replication of the entire genome.
replication
0.305556
easy
3421H3BM9AH2Z61ZFZ7G6O0SW9UJ97
biomed
The annexins may participate in a nuclear response to initial cell stimulation or to a Ca2+-transient, presumably by regulating DNA replication.
replication
0.325
easy
3AXFSPQOYQYB0GSCIL78GKM3Z7UJF4
biomed
It also plays a crucial role in the initiation step at the replication origins.
replication
0.428571
neutral
3W5PY7V3UP7H0797NBZW55TJ5JDYJB
biomed
Of note, although some of their results were confirmed in our study, we found a fundamentally different phenotype with regard to clearance of apoptotic cells.
regard
0.264706
easy
3ULIZ0H1VA5C32JJMKOTQ8Z4GWH514
biomed
In order to generate a DsRed variant that may be amenable to use in ES cells and mice, we recently introduced various sequences that direct nuclear localization to the DsRed coding region.
sequences
0.265625
easy
31JUPBOORN48GR6PDSDFM7I9GSHL8M
biomed
The site of mutation is of interest, particularly the fact that in each of the three families the telomeric end of the deletion is anchored between exons 3 and 4 of SUMF1; sequence searches failed to identify any repeat sequences that might explain this phenomenon.
sequences
0.283333
easy
391FPZIE4CM4SSUCPAZMQ77RW26HUX
biomed
ADAM22 and ADAM23 share highly homologous sequences in their extracellular domains.
sequences
0.3
easy
36JW4WBR06KF9AXMUL4N476OMFQFHV
biomed
Our results and the sequences we provide will facilitate future global studies of the mechanisms and dynamics of olfactory receptor gene expression.
sequences
0.375
easy
3XDJY5RK5SLAGG6HA3F3WIYNRXDU4H
biomed
Recent evidence points toward a transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), as an integrator of the molecular regulatory circuitry involved in the transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolism, including mitochondrial function and biogenesis [1,2].
energy
0.265625
easy
3OJX0UFJ0Z7BDMCTRYBUDQ93DPY9UZ
biomed
However, the necessity of PGC-1α for energy metabolic homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, development, and growth can only be addressed using loss-of-function strategies.
energy
0.266667
easy
372AGES0I459YQ2AQKM3OI81DTFRXQ
biomed
For example, a skeletal muscle phenotype was unveiled in PGC-1α−/− mice under conditions in which energy supply becomes limiting.
energy
0.28125
easy
3D06DR5225J65XHPA2Y8IB3T6M5MAT
biomed
Photoreceptor cells play a primary role in vision by capturing light energy and converting it into neural stimuli.
energy
0.322917
easy
3WYZV0QBFJDMIJLLUN0DO33XV7HXBO
biomed
The basis for the observed abnormalities of cardiac heart rate, including a blunted response to β-adrenergic stimulation, is unknown, but could be related to the effects of late-stage growth arrest and corresponding derangements in energy metabolism on sinus node function.
energy
0.34375
easy
324N5FAHSXBV7XKK0LCOZLP22QDKVN
biomed
The second paper providing evidence, by Davies et al [26], is a biochemical study of the interaction between the homologous recombinase RAD51 and a peptide consisting of one of the eight BRC repeats from human BRCA2.
Davies
0.321429
easy
3A520CCNWN08T9PCT4AP53YKXJLEA1
biomed
Taken together, these observations suggest that Tas2rs are quite tolerant of variation, and that perhaps most of the differences observed do not affect domains important for ligand interactions or receptor-mediated signaling mechanisms.
domains
0.265625
easy
3AXFSPQOYQYB0GSCIL78GKM3Z7PFJV
biomed
Individual pericentric domains from single chromosomes are now found either isolated or aggregated in a pattern less dense than the regular clusters observed in control cells (Figure 4B).
domains
0.315789
easy
3UDTAB6HH6ZVX00DTRXAOJLWX0U09N
biomed
Our findings reveal a role for CAF-1 in the nuclear organization of heterochromatin domains during early development and in ES cells.
domains
0.339286
easy
31D0ZWOD0AZ92JAILXBAKEWG3I6A06
biomed
While this has to be addressed experimentally, it is worthwhile to mention an alternate possible mechanism that might explain the disruption of heterochromatin domains in p150CAF-1 null embryos and ES cells.
domains
0.352941
easy
386659BNTLHD8VXIPEIH9D3DZO110A
biomed
Heterochromatin domains are progressively assembled into DAPI-dense foci between the four-cell and 32-cell blastocyst stages (Figure 1F).
domains
0.4
neutral
3PMR2DOWOO1TV1G2927VO667SGL45A
biomed
Target-derived factors have also been implicated in controlling neuronal maturation of predetermined neurons in Drosophila, in which expression of members of the BMP family in the target region is essential for the induction of mature peptidergic properties in a subpopulation of neurons marked by the coordinate expression of the two transcription factors Apterous and Squeeze [11,12].
properties
0.265625
easy
3D4BBDG7ZHWTCQ6DOYPKS7KB6XC3CX
biomed
The rationale for RMCE-ASAP is detailed in Figure 1.
rationale
0.265625
easy
3IVKZBIBJ09ODF28054MB6P3B5FHSB
biomed
We screened a mouse olfactory epithelium library with degenerate olfactory receptor probes and obtained 5' end sequences (ESTs) from purified cDNAs.
library
0.265625
easy
3LXX8KJXPW9G0HSWVCZLEKHEV39O90
biomed
A list of the primers used to confirm the expression of olfactory receptor genes by RT-PCR and PCR from cDNA library templates can be found in Additional data file 1.
library
0.3
easy
3I4E7AFQ2KZLJLADD5CXXO14QGXTJH
biomed
Previous genomic library screening by identified genomic clones containing the mouse ESG1 gene and seven pseudogenes [17].
library
0.390625
easy