id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
35A1YQPVFEGN38FHUR9ZI7GQXYS5IW | biomed | SLC co-conceived of the study, participated in establishment and phenotypic analysis of cell lines, and drafted the manuscript. | establishment | 0.383333 | easy |
3BKZLF990ZZYMUDKI1J52655JD7QYU | biomed | HY performed Northern blotting. | Northern | 0.285714 | easy |
3FULMHZ7OUXR381811OH58HTEBGM4N | biomed | In support of normal differentiation of type II AECs, no alteration in the gene expression patterns for surfactant proteins A, B, C or D was noted, nor was the pattern of distribution of SP-C altered in lungs from knockout embryos. | B | 0.285714 | easy |
3X4Q1O9UBHMCMY43GF110OQ80EE7O2 | biomed | CorA, B, C and D belong to a protein family involved in both influx and efflux of magnesium and cobalt. | B | 0.4 | neutral |
3KLL7H3EGD1457JCU09RMT9AA99VHU | biomed | In addition, hsp expression has been shown to accompany growth arrest in human B lymphocytes [27] and macrophage differentiation of HL 60 cells [28]. | B | 0.566667 | neutral |
3ECKRY5B1QWLAMZ61FGF7BNLYXUIZA | biomed | In contrast, null mutations of either NT-3 or its receptor trkC result in loss of spiral neurons in the basal turn with formation of an inner spiral bundle of afferents extending to the basal tip. | tip | 0.285714 | easy |
3FHTJGYT8N0D0RR5OIIAV18R9MTPG4 | biomed | Further, the Wnt11 mutants showed an altered feedback loop between Wnt signaling from the ureteric bud to the mesenchyme and GDNF signaling from the mesenchyme to the bud, whereas in the Pygo1/Pygo2 mutants, we observed disrupted Wnt signaling in the ureteric bud. | feedback | 0.285714 | easy |
3W0XM68YZPVFLL4MT7SZSXIMDMBK13 | biomed | These include the enhancement of the biogenesis of red/green opsin by the combination of the RBD4-CY domains [6,7] and the stabilization by the Ran-binding domains of RanBP2 of the guanosine triphosphate-bound conformational state of RanGTPase and interaction of Ran with importin-β [11,40,41]. | stabilization | 0.285714 | easy |
3OQQD2WO8I6KPTSDG8L63AI6J2W3IZ | biomed | Loss of APC is associated with stabilization of the cytosolic β-catenin that ultimately results in its migration to the nucleus and activating a cascade of events leading to tumorigenesis. | stabilization | 0.380952 | easy |
3JTPR5MTZSCE9355UUUBVNV3P2H5K7 | biomed | The presence of such compensatory mechanisms is also supported by the identification of a quantitative trait locus, which encompasses RanBP2, and modifies the expression of diabetes-related phenotypes [44]. | trait | 0.2875 | easy |
3D1UCPY6GG9R0NG07M9FQLOSG6V38V | biomed | The amount and rate at which bone is gained during development and lost during aging are determined in large part by genetics [4–6] but also by physical activity and by alterations in the availability and response of bone cells to circulating hormones [7–9] and locally derived growth factors [10,11]. | genetics | 0.289474 | easy |
3RWB1RTQDJNY7CLN5K6M3ORTL3GP8O | biomed | We [5,8], and others [9–17], have recently extended the power of this approach by incorporating genome-wide gene expression array analysis, which allows us to model the “genetics of gene expression” using similar methods. | genetics | 0.367647 | easy |
3W9XHF7WGKVGU5GVVQC9Y31H55XTKG | biomed | TDV established and maintained the knockout mouse colony and performed genotyping analysis. | colony | 0.289474 | easy |
3E9ZFLPWOYSW5RZR0XSUAQ7AQX1IXI | biomed | However, using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice is an inefficient, slow and expensive method because (i) homologous recombination typically occurs at low frequency in ES cells, requiring sophisticated selection schemes and screening of hundreds of clones to identify the desired mutant; (ii) large (15–20 kb) plasmids, often difficult to clone, are required to increase targeting efficiency and (iii) breeding mice to homozygosity and housing a mouse colony generate further delays and costs. | colony | 0.366667 | easy |
3MVY4USGB6NO9ADS6NM7BIQIBIUIS5 | biomed | This approach, termed "QTL-Marker-Assisted Counter Selection" or QMACS, has been previously used to characterize QTL for hypnotic sensitivity to ethanol [31]. | sensitivity | 0.289474 | easy |
3KA7IJSNW65H9AJU8WQWUQHUT88BPE | biomed | Although we were unable to confirm this finding by in situ hybridization due to the weakness of the signal, it is possible that the up-regulation of crumbs in the retina is the cause of the lamination defects seen in the rd7 mutant. | weakness | 0.291667 | easy |
3APP19WN71E5QL909MJ1P1HAEG56GF | biomed | The most notable candidate genes located within the HG1 interval are the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) and Stat4. | interval | 0.291667 | easy |
36GJS3V78VQHEGO7T5DQY5MF0MUGJ0 | biomed | At the latest treatment interval analyzed by ELISA, animals administered dox for 6 mo showed elevated levels of PBS-soluble Aβ (see Figure 5) that could be interpreted as an indication that the plaques are slowly releasing peptide (or oligomeric Aβ) into the soluble pool and might eventually dissolve. | interval | 0.3125 | easy |
3XABXM4AJ15J7OM25XLB3TH3QZ28QY | biomed | While several transcriptional regulatory proteins have been associated with cell fate determination of bone marrow mesenchymal cells, including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and KLF5 [25–30], the role of RNA binding proteins in this process remains unknown. | marrow | 0.291667 | easy |
3O4VWC1GEW6GK4CJYQ66FBX6WIIJ3Q | biomed | KCNQ1 and KCNE1, subunits of the secretory K+ channel, were co-localized in the apical membrane of strial marginal cells; the Na+/2Cl-/K+ cotransporter SLC12A2, which is located in the basolateral membrane of strial marginal cells, was found in stria vascularis; and the gap junction protein GJB2 was found in spiral ligament of Slc26a4+/+ and Slc26a4-/- mice (Fig. 8). | junction | 0.291667 | easy |
3W5PY7V3UP7H0797NBZW55TJ5JDJYW | biomed | The extent of pendrin expression in spiral prominence cells and stria vascularis was determined by labeling KCNQ1, a K+ channel that is expressed in strial marginal cells, and ZO-1, a tight junction protein that labels basal cells and thereby delineates the boundaries of stria vascularis. | junction | 0.359375 | easy |
3X878VYTIEIIGLRAHCIBDUHU8CP7FG | biomed | Indeed, we found that exposure of the PGC-1α−/− mice to cold, another relevant physiologic stress, resulted in an untoward drop in core body temperature consistent with an abnormality in thermogenesis despite normal cold induction of UCP-1 mRNA in BAT. | drop | 0.291667 | easy |
36D1BWBEHN1H0UMLXN5TCTKVUYD2M2 | biomed | Since the loss of cholesterol content in the plasma membrane (and perhaps any membrane) is likely to alter the function of receptors more sensitive to this, loss of normal cholesterol synthesis may cause a loss of signal transduction of a host of such pathways. | host | 0.293478 | easy |
32FESTC2NHQDBKJW3ILLFGABJA0UC0 | biomed | Although overt neurologic dysfunction was not apparent in PGC-1α−/− mice during the first 6 mo of life (no group differences were found on five of six sensorimotor tests), the PGC-1α−/− mice showed clear deficits on the inverted screen test. | dysfunction | 0.293478 | easy |
3N5YJ55YXG3CNF2PM3D8VQSTBBMNAZ | biomed | It has also been reported that mice lacking NMDA receptor for both NR2A and NR2C subunits showed motor dysfunction and complete loss of both spontaneous and evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in cerebellar granule cells [38]. | dysfunction | 0.483333 | neutral |
3VGZ74AYTGGU62I1JDW4B19KA2LGCM | biomed | SAM domains (also known as Pointed, HLH, or SPM domains) are ~70 residues long and have been reported as common protein-protein interaction modules [15-17]. | modules | 0.294118 | easy |
329E6HTMSW2BVOI1GB6IGQXJB6PK3V | biomed | Filter trap analysis of line 18 tTA/APP mice yielded similar results: the increase in aggregated Aβ observed in untreated animals between 6 and 9 mo of age was completely arrested by transgene suppression (Figure S5C and S5D). | mo | 0.294118 | easy |
39AYGO6AFFKB0DQMWQWWFLQ7FTP6NN | biomed | Single transgenic mice up to 15 mo of age showed no sign of pathology (Figure S3). | mo | 0.3 | easy |
378G7J1SJLY50MSFU96HNSVBP2OWEU | biomed | At 1 mo of age, the mice lacked visible amyloid aggregates that might act as an intractable reservoir of peptide remaining in the brain after the transgene had been suppressed. | mo | 0.359375 | easy |
308KJXFUJR6AIS79JZZK4PYL0T3TA1 | biomed | The one animal that was followed lived to 18 mo, typical for animals in our colony. | mo | 0.411765 | neutral |
3B9XR6P1WEVLNZGWDJLCXUVIK9XJBH | biomed | This latter finding indicates that compared to other disease-associated protein aggregates such as mutant huntingtin, which clear in less than 3 mo [32], the disaggregation of extracellular amyloid is relatively slow. | mo | 0.625 | difficult |
3OZ4VAIBEXF0WDE2I0CCY6PPN1IJVS | biomed | Muscle precursors reach the PPF by E11, where they proliferate, differentiate, and then migrate toward the dorsolateral costal, sternal costal, and crural regions of the developing diaphragm. | diaphragm | 0.294118 | easy |
388FBO7JZRTDJX0S29ROYCA0E2PYNK | biomed | One explanation of why the Dhcr24-/- mice are developmentally normal but Dhcr7-/- mice are affected may be because desmosterol can functionally substitute for cholesterol, whereas the other cholesterol precursors can not. | precursors | 0.294118 | easy |
3ZLW647WALVGE8EBR50EGUBPU6423S | biomed | Of course, if this were not the case, this experiment could not rule out the possibility that molecularly distinct populations of rod precursors are present simultaneously in the developing retina. | precursors | 0.395161 | easy |
3HFWPF5AK9J9J7V9LKFK7COTS033SW | biomed | As part of a large-scale forward genetic screen, we previously identified bloodless zebrafish mutants that failed to express the erythroid transcription factor gata1 normally in embryonic hematopoietic precursors (Ransom et al. 1996). | precursors | 0.455882 | neutral |
37S0QRNUFBGD1KM6J34BH2W3WSI88N | biomed | Of course, if this were not the case, this experiment could not rule out the possibility that molecularly distinct populations of rod precursors are present simultaneously in the developing retina. | precursors | 0.5625 | neutral |
3EQPA8A374WH5XJCJX1FJC2LBCOJZS | biomed | It is also involved in the differentiation of neural cell types from multipotent precursors in the retina [16] and the cerebral cortex [9] through activation of bHLH genes such as Ngn2 and Mash1. | precursors | 0.625 | difficult |
3GITHABACYLNIC7L9OKTP89VZNPN2N | biomed | In isolation, mild activation of microglia by injection damage or opsinization may not be adequate to induce substantial phagocytosis, but when combined with an Aβ-lowering agent, such as neprilysin or Aβ-targeted antibodies, the two may work in concert to clear peptide deposits. | isolation | 0.294118 | easy |
329E6HTMSW2BVOI1GB6IGQXJB7HK3P | biomed | The possibility has been raised that motor neurons may retrogradely transport NT-3 in muscle to the spinal cord (Chen and Frank 1999). | neurons | 0.294118 | easy |
31ANT7FQN82N7D4XO9REIVFBXL75HX | biomed | These studies, for example, have revealed that neurotrophin signaling controls the acquisition of peptidergic traits in nociceptive DRG neurons and the control of target innervation [8,9]. | neurons | 0.3125 | easy |
3NKW03WTLM7UXPIK301HH9KP85CQW0 | biomed | In other studies, CLN3/battenin protein localization has been reported to partially overlap with late endosomes and lysosomes in non-neuronal cells [7], and to lysosomes, synaptosomes [8] and endosomes [9,25] in neurons. | neurons | 0.4 | neutral |
3RIHDBQ1NEYLFKP3G880ZXQXJGXMH4 | biomed | In the adult brain Annexin A7 generally was detected in nuclei of neurons. | neurons | 0.40625 | neutral |
3O2Y2UIUCQU6B0YU067KHZMGEWPFKU | biomed | Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a key requirement for the development of proprioceptive inputs to motor neurons (Chen and Frank 1999; Chen et al. 2003). | neurons | 0.441176 | neutral |
3AA88CN98P3CBRFP5WZ86KTWK8DYKA | biomed | However, prior work could not exclude the possibility that differentiation defects are simply an indirect consequence of abnormal division and death. | consequence | 0.294118 | easy |
31MBOZ6PAORASUW2U4TKOTES6J2CLJ | biomed | Huntingtin deficient embryos also fail to form headfolds, and to undergo organogenesis, even after culturing in nutrient rich media. | nutrient | 0.295455 | easy |
3XAOZ9UYRZR1WO2H6CCWOJUVCSY1Q7 | biomed | Another possibility is that the recombination defects are a result of defective intersister recombination. | defects | 0.296875 | easy |
3FCO4VKOZ4DQA7REM1Y5VCWUWBAE75 | biomed | Evidence of interallelic complementation at clinically relevant loci is limited to biochemical and cell-based studies of a handful of metabolic disorders with defects in enzymes including propinyl-CoA carboxylase [2], argininosuccinate lyase [3], galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase [4], and methylmalonyl CoA mutase [5]. | defects | 0.303571 | easy |
3LAZVA75NIR50X7XA3K64X90PXZO28 | biomed | PCH2 orthologs are present in organisms that undergo synaptic meiosis, but not asynaptic meiosis, prompting the suggestion that a Pch2-dependent checkpoint evolved to monitor synaptonemal complex (SC) defects from yeast to humans [12]. | defects | 0.315217 | easy |
3UYRNV2KITZY4R9AP5TUZZMYLNHN8Q | biomed | Interestingly, although humans who are heterozygous for genetic defects in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 seem to be phenotypically normal, mice heterozygous for Abcg8/sterolin-2 deficiency show that sterol secretion is impaired, but not absent. | defects | 0.333333 | easy |
3OREP8RUT2BBWXQV5D090H32SHLGBF | biomed | This response to meiotic defects is referred to as the “pachytene checkpoint” (reviewed in [5]). | defects | 0.363636 | easy |
36JW4WBR06KF9AXMUL4N476OMFLHFS | biomed | Through this process, it is also possible that deficits in RanBP2 cause a disturbance in the equilibrium between Cox11, HK1, and RanBP2 by leading to an increase of the inhibitory activity of Cox11 over HKI that promotes the uncoupling of the interaction of HKI from RanBP2, ultimately causing HKI degradation. | degradation | 0.296875 | easy |
3Y7LTZE0YTMQJDU6VW5TQEBWSSGZUY | biomed | The data support that the ultimate pathophysiological outcome in HKI, caused by a reduction in RanBP2 levels and its chaperone activity, is the selective degradation of HKI as reflected by the reduced levels of HKI (and ATP) but not of other mitochondrial and NPC components (Figure 5). | degradation | 0.390625 | easy |
3UYRNV2KITZY4R9AP5TUZZMYLNM8NG | biomed | DNA binding assays and electron microscopy methods were used to show that a BRC3 peptide interferes with the ability of RAD51 to assemble into oligomeric filaments on DNA. | electron | 0.296875 | easy |
3PZDSVZ3J5HXLQM8D23HIN6TJ1LN4J | biomed | EM and ER conducted transmission electron microscopy. | electron | 0.305556 | easy |
34KYK9TV2R8EM2ZM0DUQPVM5GSFSBB | biomed | A subset of identified histone chaperones and chromatin remodeling complexes can collaborate to promote nucleosome assembly in vitro and are therefore in a strategic position to control chromatin assembly and maturation during development [7,8]. | maturation | 0.296875 | easy |
3FJ2RVH25Z62TA3R8E1O77EBUY892A | biomed | Hedgehog family members play diverse roles in embryonic development, and cholesterol is necessary for maturation of these morphogens [20-23]. | maturation | 0.375 | easy |
3QO7EE372ON29MK9895LUV74Y4UQBK | biomed | Thus, both in Drosophila and vertebrates, target-derived factors appear to act permissively to induce the expression of transcriptional programs involved in terminal neuronal maturation. | maturation | 0.383333 | easy |
3TL87MO8CMPHV6GCL6JLWZZV3XSLF3 | biomed | Especially, nerves which control the breathing would be very important, because the respiration system undergoes significant maturation in the first 2–3 weeks after birth. | maturation | 0.388889 | easy |
3WA2XVDZEMH767D93RTDPYWY10VE6B | biomed | Target-derived factors have also been implicated in controlling neuronal maturation of predetermined neurons in Drosophila, in which expression of members of the BMP family in the target region is essential for the induction of mature peptidergic properties in a subpopulation of neurons marked by the coordinate expression of the two transcription factors Apterous and Squeeze [11,12]. | maturation | 0.544118 | neutral |
3VGET1QSZ0ZKR7D571SBHI3U3GD7WE | biomed | EFW assisted in the production of the AlphaA/BKO mice, experimental design, and initial fixation of samples. | samples | 0.296875 | easy |
3O2Y2UIUCQU6B0YU067KHZMGEWUFKZ | biomed | However, it is noteworthy that the low statistical threshold and small number of animals per group could lead to some false positive results. | threshold | 0.296875 | easy |
388FBO7JZRTDJX0S29ROYCA0E2KNY4 | biomed | Changes in neuron excitability in the hippocampus, such as decreases in the post-burst after hyperpolarization (AHP), have been thought to affect long-term potentiation (LTP) [36], an experimental model of the synaptic changes thought to underlie learning and memory [37]. | decreases | 0.297619 | easy |
36D1BWBEHN1H0UMLXN5TCTKVUXKM2R | biomed | This synapse is characterized by the presence of a ribbon in the presynaptic cytoplasm. | ribbon | 0.3 | easy |
3J9UN9O9J3SK3CDMF3ONDDZZT55J00 | biomed | Through these links, AJs appear able to couple adhesion with cytoskeletal dynamics as well as with nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling. | links | 0.3 | easy |
3OLZC0DJ8JF412UW0IRCM5APAMTIVF | biomed | Mammalian development involves the morphogenesis of complex three-dimensional structures from seemingly uniform sheets or masses of cells. | structures | 0.3 | easy |
3S37Y8CWI80N8KVM53U4E6JKCEN4WR | biomed | However, despite dramatic reductions in Aβ synthesis, neuritic plaques are stable structures in vivo that do not quickly disaggregate. | structures | 0.308824 | easy |
3WRAAIUSBJZHZ9GTO90HTSJRDPWAX6 | biomed | Such large numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions between orthologues is suggestive of adaptive selection. | substitutions | 0.3 | easy |
3B0MCRZMBRUJD4K4R18XPAMJADFPP7 | biomed | ECFP harbors six amino substitutions (Y66W, F64L, S65T, N146I, M153T, V163A) as compared to GFP, whereas EYFP harbors four (S65G, V68L, S72A and T203Y). | substitutions | 0.308824 | easy |
3H781YYV6TID85OLZ41608OCL81ETH | biomed | Due to conservation in mammalian physiology and the powerful tools of mouse genetics, mice are a very important experimental system for probing the functions (both in health and disease) of many genes recently identified by sequencing the human genome [12]. | physiology | 0.3 | easy |
307L9TDWJYSC3U34DOYY8IEN51Q3NF | biomed | One of the most curious findings in the rd7 mutant retina was the occurrence of two different types of changes: an increase in the number of S-opsin-expressing cones and a transformation of rods into hybrid photoreceptors. | rods | 0.3 | easy |
3AQN9REUTFG4XL9FDFDL27Y60YIDYC | biomed | In the present study we found the mouse crumbs ortholog to be up-regulated in the rd7 mutant retina by microarray, consistent with its higher expression level in cones than in rods [50]. | rods | 0.361111 | easy |
39TX062QX1OHFOH8FUL76K5L7FZ3XY | biomed | As mentioned above, Nrl is a retinal transcription factor that, when mutated, results in en masse conversion of rods into S-opsin–expressing cones [24]. | rods | 0.397059 | easy |
3VDI8GSXAFTSUZSO21GZ9FD1KB0G8G | biomed | The major findings in this study are: (1) disruption of only one of the two genes comprising the STSL locus is necessary and sufficient to cause sitosterolemia, (2) that the loss of Abcg8/sterolin-2 leads to the loss of biliary cholesterol secretion and (3) Abcg5/sterolin-1 appears to be still apically-expressed despite the absence of Abcg8/sterolin-2. | cholesterol | 0.3 | easy |
3MYASTQBG7BVOJITM5WRPLV41P6QDR | biomed | One of the most obvious aspects of regional color variation in vertebrates is a dark dorsal surface juxtaposed to a light ventral surface, apparent in the color of skin, scales, feathers, or hair, in which the boundary between dorsal and ventral compartments is often sharp and lies in register with the limbs. | register | 0.3 | easy |
3PGQRAZX02KAZASXA58AX6K611RYSQ | biomed | PRC1, including ph, recognizes the histone H3 lysine 27 mark set by PRC2 and maintains a stable state of gene repression in which PRC1 blocks chromatin remodeling by the trithorax group-related SWI-SNF complex [46,47]. | remodeling | 0.3 | easy |
3P4C70TRMRHN96C7WQP3EKZ74BZGL2 | biomed | Hence, remodeling of heterochromatin 3-D organization parallels nuclear reprogramming toward an early embryonic status in cloned embryos. | remodeling | 0.318182 | easy |
3OWZNK3RYLP0D2RU6PWF331P7JO2U0 | biomed | TIF1 family members also contain a C-terminal plant homeodomain finger and bromodomain that are characteristic of chromatin remodeling factors. | remodeling | 0.328125 | easy |
3Z33IC0JC0MBQ11TWOLZ9CBMRXZ9VI | biomed | These two strains have diverse responses to diet-induced obesity [8] (B6 susceptible; A/J resistant), diet-induced atherosclerosis (B6 susceptible; A/J resistant) [9], arterial ligation-induced neointimal hyperplasia (B6 resistant; A/J resistant), and ligation induced vessel remodeling (B6 resistant; A/J susceptible) [10]. | remodeling | 0.364583 | easy |
3I01FDIL6M8EW0G8KU6QT3X1LJSD20 | biomed | A subset of identified histone chaperones and chromatin remodeling complexes can collaborate to promote nucleosome assembly in vitro and are therefore in a strategic position to control chromatin assembly and maturation during development [7,8]. | remodeling | 0.421875 | neutral |
3BCRDCM0ODUAS75JZD4GNT93LYKK6W | biomed | This conclusion is consistent with the evidence from human ESCS patients indicating a markedly reduced rod system and a lack of measurable rhodopsin by reflection densitometry [1,2,10,11]. | reflection | 0.410714 | neutral |
3E6L1VR4XWMZCLD5Y2DJ7GHYD1B6FM | biomed | Levels of Aβ42 showed a similar trend, but did not reach statistical significance. | Levels | 0.302083 | easy |
3IHWR4LC7DD6QQYJSPG2URQHZOS8I0 | biomed | These data show that nuclear architecture is not globally altered following CAF-1 loss-of-function. | architecture | 0.302632 | easy |
363A7XIFV4MPVKBYOUZZ57M6XFHAVY | biomed | In prophase I, when the homologous chromosomes synapse and homologous recombination occurs, X and Y chromosome pairing is limited to a region termed the pseudoautosomal region, leaving large portions of each chromosome unpaired. | pairing | 0.302632 | easy |
33W1NHWFYHLBJ0FHVRFJLIPU9F8TZ2 | biomed | It is conceivable, as discussed earlier, that a trace amount of calpain activity, beneath levels detectable by these methods, is retained from this mutant Capn4 allele, and it is sufficient for maintaining the viability of the cells. | viability | 0.303571 | easy |
3VEI3XUCZRX4PH0J4TCMU5MYBV3PRZ | biomed | Some of these alleles fail to support viability in a haploid Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast strain with a null mutation in the XPD homologue rad15 and are thus considered devoid of significant biological activity [19]. | viability | 0.323529 | easy |
3XEIP58NL0NN0N7CMIDSZRFDF1OLZR | biomed | The viability of Capn1-deficient mice does not however distinguish between two possibilities: either that m-calpain is specifically required during embryogenesis, or that either form of calpain alone is sufficient and can compensate for the absence of the other. | viability | 0.355263 | easy |
336OE47KI2KM2XE1PZVRNWJXPXRWV0 | biomed | As noted, whereas Capn2 null murine embryos die prior to implantation, homozygous disruption of the μ-calpain large subunit gene, Capn1, did not affect the viability of mice [33]. | viability | 0.357143 | easy |
3C8QQOM6JP115XI2MEP6ZWCNJORILW | biomed | However, BMP2 and BMP4 are both required for viability early in embryonic development [30,31]. | viability | 0.375 | easy |
3TRB893CSJAOULN5SWOTVFH69SNG7O | biomed | It is also involved in the differentiation of neural cell types from multipotent precursors in the retina [16] and the cerebral cortex [9] through activation of bHLH genes such as Ngn2 and Mash1. | differentiation | 0.303571 | easy |
3WGCNLZJKF877FYC1Q6COKNWTD9D1E | biomed | In support of normal differentiation of type II AECs, no alteration in the gene expression patterns for surfactant proteins A, B, C or D was noted, nor was the pattern of distribution of SP-C altered in lungs from knockout embryos. | differentiation | 0.352941 | easy |
32PT7WK7DMF3HICROUKVCD2TRYLD36 | biomed | We have also shown that chondrogenesis can be initiated and chondrogenic differentiation will take place even in the absence of both BMP2 and BMP4 or BMP2 and BMP7. | differentiation | 0.353448 | easy |
3WRBLBQ2GR8ACANL7X3KG07J1DJG0O | biomed | Once this event takes place, it would initiate an irreversible program of differentiation toward S-cone fate, albeit at a relatively low frequency. | differentiation | 0.428571 | neutral |
335VBRURDJ0UOQF71YWP98N0R149EI | biomed | It has been known for many years that Rb loss perturbs neuronal differentiation [26–29]. | differentiation | 0.4875 | neutral |
3B0MCRZMBRUJD4K4R18XPAMJACIPP8 | biomed | Carrier females occasionally manifest haemoglobin H inclusions, but are otherwise intellectually and physically normal. | Carrier | 0.303571 | easy |
3DW3BNF1GHIBCWIJRWFL9GGB7QJ8VS | biomed | The long term retention of afferents in the cochlear apex in the absence of any apparent differentiation of hair cells raises hopes for cochlear implants in deaf-born children. | implants | 0.303571 | easy |
388CL5C1RJN1927IGW7LZKB8JBDHL3 | biomed | Using PCR primers T3F and C11R, which should be more than 200 kb apart, we were able to amplify a fragment 953 bp in size using DNA from each of the three affected family members as template. | primers | 0.303571 | easy |
324N5FAHSXBV7XKK0LCOZLP22RAVKX | biomed | A list of the primers used to confirm the expression of olfactory receptor genes by RT-PCR and PCR from cDNA library templates can be found in Additional data file 1. | primers | 0.4 | neutral |
3FTID4TN8LYNVXX7QWB9LK6B98IYLD | biomed | In laboratory mice, previous studies from our group and others identified two predominant Agouti mRNA isoforms that differ by virtue of their transcriptional initiation site and 5′ untranslated exons. | virtue | 0.352941 | easy |
37PGLWGSJT6QLR0K1ED5KWZ8UOHKIQ | biomed | Apart from the obvious gender-specific diseases such as cervical or prostate cancer, sex influences susceptibility to nearly all highly prevalent diseases that affect both women and men, including atherosclerosis and diabetes and their precursor conditions of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. | precursor | 0.303571 | easy |
34XASH8KLQMDS1NRZLG586SO577MP9 | biomed | To ensure that Aβ production was suppressed in concert with the dox-mediated inhibition of its precursor APPswe/ind, we measured Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels by ELISA in forebrain homogenates from young tet-off animals. | precursor | 0.308824 | easy |
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