id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
32TZXEA1OLKU7JFJ8F5JLGTQG0M41Y | biomed | Additional studies with this system should greatly enhance our knowledge of the development, function, and disease mechanisms of joints, and may bring us closer to better prevention and treatment of joint diseases. | mechanisms | 0.265625 | easy |
3JYPJ2TAYI87MRVADYCSDG8F860FP0 | biomed | Several mechanisms may contribute to regional differences in vertebrate pigmentation. | mechanisms | 0.303571 | easy |
3PKJ68EHDNWVECJIDBV8J5YGFM7JH2 | biomed | The exact in vivo molecular mechanisms, by which alpha-crystallin might influence lens epithelial cell differentiation, and maintenance of lens transparency, remain to be determined. | mechanisms | 0.346154 | easy |
3HUR21WDDUPIVREW4FEXWE1YGGTYXY | biomed | There is evidence that signalling and transport mechanisms that were initially characterized in the brain may also be conserved in the retina, suggesting that impaired PAX6 protein-protein interactions may also have implications for the retinal defects observed in individuals with PAX6 mutations [53,54]. | mechanisms | 0.35 | easy |
3QMELQS6Y5BWFBIEPXDDO5VHGPG6RB | biomed | In summary, this study reports marked differences in two inbred strains of mice, B6 and A/J, in arterial thrombosis formation in a FeCl3 vascular injury model, rebleeding time in a tail bleeding assay, plasminogen function, and tissue and vessel collagen deposition. | summary | 0.266667 | easy |
38VTL6WC4AD9T8UMY9V24VAENIHY5O | biomed | By using a conditional knockout approach, we ablated the full-length Atrx protein first in ES cells and embryoid bodies, and then in developing mouse embryos. | knockout | 0.266667 | easy |
3SV8KD29L4SCGHPU1I1RKR2YQ1OKZS | biomed | These results mirror studies with stably transfected C6 cells, in which high intracellular Ca2+-concentrations induced a marked redistribution of Annexin A7 from its localization in the nucleoplasm to the nuclear membrane [19]. | redistribution | 0.266667 | easy |
335HHSX8CD5IBQJQ3F9XG733A33HDH | biomed | For this process to occur, AVP binds its receptor, AVPR2, on the basolateral face of the collecting duct cells, leading to a rise in intracellular cAMP, ultimately resulting in phosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 256 by cAMP-dependent protein kinase [9] and its redistribution to the plasma membrane. | redistribution | 0.291667 | easy |
3B286OTISEHG4PB475LG2JBC2RHJAR | biomed | Ca2+ also induces a transbilayer phospholipid redistribution inducing a shape change of red blood cells [51]. | redistribution | 0.367647 | easy |
3T2EL38U0MK9MPNAD5X3JSYWH7IQXT | biomed | The importance of AQP2 redistribution has been highlighted by functional characterization of Aqp2 mutations resulting in severe NDI in humans [3,10]. | redistribution | 0.464286 | neutral |
3L4YG5VW9NS1ZAEOHJQ7PMO5IACDD4 | biomed | As shown in Figure 7, the double transgenic mice were up to 10-fold more active during the dark phase of the day–night cycle than any of the control groups. | phase | 0.266667 | easy |
3VJ4PFXFJ37PI5MYJ4PU9LKNJ7FUAY | biomed | Design of inhibitors specific for CLN2 should incorporate the features that have been proven to be important for the related enzymes, such as the placement of an aldehyde functionality capable of making covalent interactions with the catalytic serine, or the utilization of chloromethyl ketone for the same purpose. | functionality | 0.266667 | easy |
3W0KKJIARR9XWLO7SS1E775URSH8KB | biomed | However, expression of calpains with these modified small subunits did not give rise to any detectable calpain activity when expressed in E. coli, although their functionality in mammalian cells has yet to be determined (J.S. Elce, unpublished work) It has also been suggested that calpain large subunits alone might provide some activity in eukaryotic cells, although the Zimmerman et al. knockout appears to exclude that possibility, and no calpain activity was observed in our hands when calpain large subunits were expressed alone either in E. coli or in mammalian cells [36]. | functionality | 0.275 | easy |
3UUIU9GZC55DCMVSO383WEIZ8F75TC | biomed | Finally, there is the maintenance of associative learning relationships over time (a stimulus light always signifies a food pellet is available subsequent to a lever press) [see refs. | press | 0.266667 | easy |
3MA5N0ATTCB8MMKPQVHKLN8G9ZKWKE | biomed | Characterization of Tas2r sequences of several wild mouse species or subspecies, or in other inbred lines, would shed light on this issue. | Characterization | 0.266667 | easy |
34XASH8KLQMDS1NRZLG586SO577PMC | biomed | One question we were not able to address in this study is whether abrogating synthesis of new Aβ halts the progression of cognitive decline. | progression | 0.267857 | easy |
335HHSX8CD5IBQJQ3F9XG733A25DHD | biomed | FAP patients are characterized by hundreds of adenomatous colorectal polyps, with an almost inevitable progression to colorectal cancer in the third and fourth decades of life [4,5]. | progression | 0.277778 | easy |
37VUR2VJ6APX2NSY1UB14E5E8EW1C3 | biomed | AlphaA and alphaB were also shown to have sequence homology with several other proteins that are members of the small heat shock protein (hsp) family [7]. | shock | 0.267857 | easy |
3BFF0DJK8XCEIOT30ZLBPPSRMZFTS2 | biomed | These data demonstrate that marker-free RMCE is very efficient in ES cells and allows germline transmission of a targeted mutation (see Figure 1, path A). | transmission | 0.267857 | easy |
3IYI9285WS04X482RJH78E102VVCJH | biomed | During the generation of a line of mice with knockout of the gene Park7 we noted an early movement disorder that was inherited independently of targeting vector transmission. | transmission | 0.304348 | easy |
34O39PNDK682LNZ9LOULZLH9URPRBH | biomed | Cloning these QTL has major implications to improve our understanding of Gh and its regulation of growth and adiposity and in the administration of human Gh therapeutics. | Cloning | 0.267857 | easy |
31N9JPQXIPIRX2A3S9N0CCFXO6CNHA | biomed | Cloning experiments in mouse revealed that the nuclear organization of heterochromatin in ES cell nuclei was quickly reverted into the one-cell stage-specific form after nuclear transfer [40]. | Cloning | 0.357143 | easy |
3D42WVSDH8V1V5NB4L8BQ71RCBYFYP | biomed | To rule out the possibility that hypomethylation of pericentric repeats might contribute to the destabilization of heterochromatin domains in p150CAF-1-depleted ES cells, we tested our RNAi plasmid vector in a XY ES cell line, and confirmed that loss of p150CAF-1 leads to disruption of heterochromatin organization independently of the degree of DNA methylation at pericentric repeats (unpublished data). | degree | 0.269231 | easy |
38XPGNCKHT0ATVVHFTP8S40654SV4D | biomed | Early migratory CNCCs have been shown to retain a considerable degree of plasticity and their fate is largely controlled by instructional signals from local environments into which NCCs migrate [6]. | degree | 0.285714 | easy |
30EMX9PEVKJFF53G6Q7JOY5V3MJSKQ | biomed | The significant neonatal mortality in MCAD−/− mice is distinctive from these other mouse models suggesting a greater degree of sensitivity to fasting intolerance. | degree | 0.329545 | easy |
3MYASTQBG7BVOJITM5WRPLV41P1DQ9 | biomed | The conditional knockout studies of beta-1 integrin and laminin gamma-1 in Schwann cell suggested that both laminin-2 and integrins are essential for segregation of large bundles of axons in the early stage of myelin formation [25,28]. | bundles | 0.269231 | easy |
3MJ9GGZYO36GYTDW0KFO32PV0HO2AI | biomed | loxP sites with different sequences were generated to overcome this problem, but these sites also underwent intramolecular recombination, making RMCE efficient only if the replacement cassette contained a marker enabling selection of the desired recombinant (7,9–12). | marker | 0.271739 | easy |
3VO4XFFP15MF7AHJVST5PTL8FFW7QA | biomed | The RMCE strategy presented here relies on the integrated use of inverted heterologous loxP sites, a positive/negative selection marker that preserves the germline capacity of ES cells, and the power of mouse genetics to expedite phenotypic analyses. | marker | 0.333333 | easy |
3UEDKCTP9VQTW7JOIN98T79ZG93K7U | biomed | Cells lacking BRCA1/2 fail to form damage-induced subnuclear RAD51 foci with normal efficiency, suggesting that these proteins are required for the formation of recombinase complexes at the sites of DNA damage [20,21]. | Cells | 0.271739 | easy |
3TRB893CSJAOULN5SWOTVFH69RPG7O | biomed | Cells with mutant BRCA2 protein are, like many cancer cells, genetically unstable and accumulate gross chromosomal rearrangements [5,6]. | Cells | 0.357143 | easy |
3G57RS03HH5JSN1F5OO7VR9982V25I | biomed | The simplicity of the retina makes it an ideal tissue to study neurogenesis. | simplicity | 0.27381 | easy |
39WSF6KUV2LXVDJD3NF76YIPM0KOE5 | biomed | It is unlikely that morphological changes during development led to impairment of spatial learning and motor coordination, and morphological alterations in the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus and cerebellum were not observed in ADAM11-deficient mice after histological investigation using HE staining. | alterations | 0.275 | easy |
3QREJ3J433XSBS8QMHAICCR0BSGLKA | biomed | Yet, haploinsufficiency of RanBP2 (this work) and Nup96 [58] predominantly produce, instead, CNS-restricted deficits in energy metabolism and alterations in the immune system linked to the down-regulation of interferon-β-regulated proteins and increased susceptibility of viral infection, respectively. | alterations | 0.375 | easy |
3JMQI2OLFZ5ALM516D4ALR0ZWEENDW | biomed | Recent experiments addressing the temporal constraints of transcription factor action in proliferating neural progenitor cells adds to the idea that defined temporal windows, during which transcription factors act to control distinct downstream target genes, are of key importance to neuronal fate acquisition. | constraints | 0.275 | easy |
33EEIIWHK77HI0IFDQWLV71B1X3VQQ | biomed | Such within-ORF splicing might increase protein-coding diversity, although, given the small number of genes involved, splicing is unlikely to significantly affect the functional receptor repertoire. | diversity | 0.275 | easy |
37NXA7GVST66R322LLOPEL2HRQNLVW | biomed | However, our in vivo and in vitro data strongly support the antagonistic relationship of these two signaling pathways in regulating expression of the testis-determining factor SOX9. | signaling | 0.275 | easy |
3GMLHYZ0LEXQENK1ZA3AC72UMYCYU6 | biomed | For bitter taste, behavioral genetic approaches may be more useful for identifying genes encoding downstream signaling molecules or components of T2R-independent transduction mechanisms. | signaling | 0.316667 | easy |
3ZUE82NE0A1MGZWTRHAHRUDPJWV8F4 | biomed | The resulting double-homozygous mutant embryos showed a context-dependent reduction in canonical Wnt signaling as measured by Wnt reporter transgene expression. | signaling | 0.345238 | easy |
31KSVEGZ34SU9QXKGFQHMZUU4RERW2 | biomed | In support of this view are several studies demonstrating that the disruption of dopamine signaling via acute blockade of dopamine receptors with dopamine receptor antagonists [3-9] or 6-OHDA lesions [1,10,11] do not disrupt phase 1, the palatability or primary reinforcing characteristics of a natural reinforcer (e.g. palatability) but disrupt phase 2, the formation of incentive salience. | signaling | 0.347826 | easy |
37MQ8Z1JQEWHUBBZGQT46O7237TY2O | biomed | As a consequence of the initial establishment of anterior-posterior positioned information within the limb by SHH and/or BMP signaling, the interdigital mesenchyme of the hand plate becomes specified in a graded manner. | signaling | 0.535714 | neutral |
39TX062QX1OHFOH8FUL76K5L7FYX3R | biomed | The precise need for sterols in biological membranes still remains poorly defined, though its link with microdomains (variously termed rafts, caveoli etc.) may be part of the answer [1]. | membranes | 0.275 | easy |
3E24UO25QZQTIYQYX5W9UAQC5226O8 | biomed | Annexin A7, the first annexin to be described, was isolated as the agent that mediated aggregation of chromaffin granules and fusion of membranes and phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions [3]. | membranes | 0.3125 | easy |
3IKMEYR0LWVMA6MICBSDXGSR5SPK2K | biomed | Like annexin A7 it binds to membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. | membranes | 0.464286 | neutral |
371DNNCG442WZ4EUM1F68YSQA588TH | biomed | These large objects were not vacuoles, because examination of the interior of these structures by transmitted and reflected light microscopy showed that the membranes encompassed cellular material (data not shown). | membranes | 0.527778 | neutral |
3X7837UUADYFHNZ1HS44ME9Q69KJ6W | biomed | Interestingly, we found that OA treatment of Trip13Gt/Gt spermatocytes could propel them into MI, despite a report that the same did not occur when wild-type pachytene spermatocytes were treated with the DSB-inducing agents gamma radiation or etoposide [53]. | agents | 0.275 | easy |
3VZYA8PITOYCWDY1Q1KTC3GUB4B05W | biomed | BRCA1 and BRCA2 form discrete nuclear foci during the S phase and after exposure to DNA damaging agents [9,10,11]. | agents | 0.383333 | easy |
3QQUBC64ZEEOJSAIXD5MFY3RCXNXN7 | biomed | In current study, the Acdp1 C-terminus antibody only recognizes Acdp1 in brain tissue extracts as well as in HEK293, 3T3 and PC12 cell lysates, suggesting the specificity of the antibody. | extracts | 0.275 | easy |
307L9TDWJYSC3U34DOYY8IEN51PN3Y | biomed | Another possibility is that TRIP13 is required for disassembly of NCO recombinational repair complexes [51] containing those proteins that persist abnormally on Trip13Gt/Gt pachytene chromosomes. | disassembly | 0.276316 | easy |
3S8APUMBJXJ5IXU0UTURIW3QR2GBF6 | biomed | Reactive oxygen species cause many damaging reactions including denaturation of proteins, cross-linking of lipids and proteins and modification of nucleic acid bases, which can lead to cancer [7]. | bases | 0.276316 | easy |
3FBEFUUYRK54GUWXNMRRTF67GLS6A3 | biomed | The model of intermediate MSUD was created by partial transgenic rescue of the E2 gene knockout. | rescue | 0.277778 | easy |
3KTCJ4SCVG1AB94PEJ5F7AAQ2R6M1A | biomed | Morphometric analysis of the tail indicated a difference in the collagen content of the tail in the A/J mice. | collagen | 0.277778 | easy |
3MZ3TAMYTLNC8VDFRYM2L8LMPGGIRM | biomed | EH carried out the vascular injury model and analyses and the tail bleeding assay, participated in the tail collagen analyses, and coordination of the mouse breeding. | collagen | 0.516667 | neutral |
3D3B8GE892RYLH4XACC03KM4580P9D | biomed | Recently, we have refined this QTL into a 4.1 Mb genomic region and showed that a gene within this region regulates CIA severity by controlling the IgG2a antibody levels to collagen II [31]. | collagen | 0.527778 | neutral |
3LOJFQ4BOXF9DGKY90CUTZJV2J9KDO | biomed | The proteins that carry out phototransduction are located in an elaborate and highly specialized membranous structure, the outer segment. | segment | 0.277778 | easy |
368IUKXGA58B3Y2ZC59OJAV2F7SP62 | biomed | At the same time, photoreceptors begin to undergo terminal differentiation, forming the outer segment. | segment | 0.342105 | easy |
3MJ28H2Y1E8XZUQKSMM424CC97QO59 | biomed | In the context of SLE susceptibility, one of the most consistently mapped non-MHC regions of the mouse genome is the telomeric Chromosome 1 segment, where several disease loci, designated Sle1 (Morel et al. 2001), Nba2 (Drake et al. 1995; Rozzo et al. 1996; Vyse et al. 1997), and Bxs3 (Hogarth et al. 1998), have been mapped in lupus-prone strains. | segment | 0.365385 | easy |
3NQUW096N688UWPZIKJTM3DK0YZ9LZ | biomed | Here we report the application of this integrated approach to study the significance of sex on the genetic determinants of obesity and the associated regulation of liver gene expression in an F2 intercross derived from the inbred strains C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3H) on an apolipoprotein E null (ApoE-/-) background. | null | 0.277778 | easy |
30ZKOOGW2W6998V0HGFAYJFQ8ACA19 | biomed | Alleles not associated exclusively with one disorder are considered “likely null” alleles [19,20]. | null | 0.3125 | easy |
3VP28W7DUNK10VXG07AU4EATI52FZG | biomed | In retrospect, it seems likely that the latter line represents a hypomorphic state, rather than a true null. | null | 0.321429 | easy |
3MYASTQBG7BVOJITM5WRPLV41QZQDM | biomed | Knockout of the X-linked Avpr2 gene in mice [15] gave an NDI-like phenotype in male, hemizygous neonates, but the phenotype could not be assessed in adults as the mice died within 1 wk of birth. | Knockout | 0.277778 | easy |
3PUOXASB573SZL63XLA2UIOIF85Z98 | biomed | In addition to this specific chromatin assembly activity, CAF-1 interacts with several proteins present in heterochromatin, including heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and MBD1, a methyl-CpG binding domain protein that recruits histone deacetylase and repressive histone methyltransferase activities [13–15]. | activities | 0.278846 | easy |
373L46LKP76MG2KQJWY5WXE8744KJ2 | biomed | Further support for this idea has been provided by recent work in our lab showing widespread derepression of cone genes in the Notch1−/− retina (unpublished data). | lab | 0.278846 | easy |
3HFWPF5AK9J9J7V9LKFK7COTS0XS3F | biomed | This finding reinforces the notion that without continued stimulation, microglia in mouse models do not maintain the same level of sustained activation that may occur in humans. | notion | 0.279412 | easy |
3PZDSVZ3J5HXLQM8D23HIN6TJ1L4N0 | biomed | Consistent with this notion, we and others have shown that mice lacking the PGC-1α target PPAR exhibit resistance to diet-induced glucose intolerance [21,35,36]. | notion | 0.345238 | easy |
3D5G8J4N5A4UAGA7UUQG0CCYL39VT9 | biomed | When comparing the susceptible to the resistant strain, the biggest difference was found in one cluster of genes (cluster IV, Figure 2). | strain | 0.279412 | easy |
360ZO6N6J1JS0E7KIWK8MGS903P9M1 | biomed | CRF developed and characterized each speed congenic strain, assisted with phenotypic data analysis and drafted the manuscript. | strain | 0.28125 | easy |
3UY4PIS8QRLGTRPPQKKFKPZQ7HGN1B | biomed | In support of this, the expression of the human C-reactive protein, an acute-phase protein closely related to Apcs, has been shown to delay the onset and severity of lupus nephritis in the NZB/W strain by preventing the deposition of immune complexes in the renal cortex (Szalai et al. 2003). | strain | 0.316667 | easy |
3JU8CV4BRLC1S483C1VI0AHT07RPOW | biomed | The hg modifier QTL located within the HG17 strain had large effects on growth, body length and carcass components. | strain | 0.34375 | easy |
3BVS8WK9Q0VPSOWQV10CLTGI7V6BIX | biomed | We have employed the same approach to analyse the genetic basis of disease inheritance in the (129 × C57BL/6) hybrid strain, the most common genetic background in gene-targeted mice. | strain | 0.345238 | easy |
3IJ95K7NDXCDX6FS835IRC3W97SNG6 | biomed | Marginal cells of stria vascularis, which form the barrier toward endolymph, transport K+ from the intrastrial space into endolymph and keep the K+ concentration low adjacent to the KCNJ10 K+ channel [26]. | space | 0.279412 | easy |
34R3P23QHS1HKWJHKAEN8VSOHIHHWW | biomed | Taken together, these results strongly suggest that PGC-1α is necessary for the terminal stages of mitochondrial maturation necessary to meet the energy demands of the postnatal environment. | environment | 0.28125 | easy |
3XH7ZM9YX2UJXUKCN4GP8FMJ6QU9RV | biomed | It has been reported that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by chemical inhibitors of Dhcr7 also led to a disturbance of the Shh signaling with abnormal embryogenesis [27,28], and severe sterol deprivation can indeed inhibit the processing of transfected Shh in cultured mammalian cells [29]. | inhibition | 0.28125 | easy |
3DFYDSXB2W00JYP2DA272KN69U3UJ8 | biomed | To ensure that Aβ production was suppressed in concert with the dox-mediated inhibition of its precursor APPswe/ind, we measured Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels by ELISA in forebrain homogenates from young tet-off animals. | inhibition | 0.45 | neutral |
3P6ENY9P79WZJ1ZCVTA874JG27DHIJ | biomed | Similarly, when noggin, a potent BMP inhibitor, is introduced in early stage chick limb buds prior to skeletogenesis, mesenchymal condensation does not take place [27,28]. | chick | 0.28125 | easy |
3ACRLU860NEDCJU4ZIAL0EIQF2ZBEO | biomed | A recent report disclosed an additional problem: the Hygromycin–Thymidine Kinase fusion gene used most frequently for positive/negative selection in RMCE, leads to mouse sterility, so that exchanges can only be performed in ES cells (16). | problem | 0.28125 | easy |
3XDJY5RK5SLAGG6HA3F3WIYNRXJU4N | biomed | Indeed, we found that exposure of the PGC-1α−/− mice to cold, another relevant physiologic stress, resulted in an untoward drop in core body temperature consistent with an abnormality in thermogenesis despite normal cold induction of UCP-1 mRNA in BAT. | core | 0.28125 | easy |
3ZXNP4Z39RL4GD163NL987ME58GL74 | biomed | IMH conceived, designed and supervised the study, and obtained funding. | funding | 0.304348 | easy |
3RHLQY6EDT4OZEVVO8PEMIUZ5YHD4R | biomed | We found that this gene family is evolutionarily conserved in diverse species ranging from bacteria, yeast, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster to mammals. | bacteria | 0.28125 | easy |
3IWA71V4TIGGC74QYWJ5DNH5H7YX6X | biomed | The genetic etiologies are likely to be complex and probably arise from different mutations in various parts of the molecular developmental pathways required for diaphragmatic development. | pathways | 0.28125 | easy |
3UDTAB6HH6ZVX00DTRXAOJLWX0T90V | biomed | Recent studies have also shown altered expression of PGC-1α and downstream mitochondrial target pathways in skeletal muscle of humans with insulin resistance and diabetes [22,23,24]. | pathways | 0.3 | easy |
3NFWQRSHVEE19E2BAFM5J7UN7FDFGW | biomed | It is widely accepted that the hippocampus is involved in the performance of the hidden platform version of the water maze test, since lesions of the hippocampal pathways lead to a severe impairment of learning in this task [29]. | pathways | 0.315789 | easy |
3XH7ZM9YX2UJXUKCN4GP8FMJ6QTR9C | biomed | In this regard, the inducible coactivator PGC-1α serves as a transcriptional “booster” to augment the capacity of downstream metabolic pathways critical for metabolic maturation and postnatal growth. | pathways | 0.316667 | easy |
32ZCLEW0BZKNRTH6WO3DSE071DHPJD | biomed | Studies over the last 10 y have begun to elucidate some of the signaling pathways that contribute to the early stages of joint formation. | pathways | 0.397727 | easy |
3P520RYKCH6SCZAHO8YD1A41RTA5UZ | biomed | Locus 2 was located at the same genomic region as Cia27, a QTL controlling IgG2a antibody levels to collagen II. | antibody | 0.283333 | easy |
37VUR2VJ6APX2NSY1UB14E5E8EVC1D | biomed | p53+/GFP ES clones were analyzed by western blot with an antibody against p53, and found to express an additional band at the expected size (ca. 80 kDa). | antibody | 0.339286 | easy |
30Z7M1Q8UYKRK8FLG1OPDT2YMGIA8T | biomed | In these studies the UTSW anti-Abcg5/sterolin-1 antibody was used. | antibody | 0.367647 | easy |
33K3E8REWWV3GLNERBG3X1DWN1R8XV | biomed | Interestingly, Bauer and colleagues previously identified a locus (Cia28) associated with anti-CII antibody production at 53 cM on chromosome 13 [19], which is approximately at the same position as where we find the linkage for this trait in the present study. | antibody | 0.416667 | neutral |
3ZQX1VYFTD5GMC9MQKT7EOM3BXR8OV | biomed | SMW, LAE, IER and EDG provided the mice and the pendrin-specific antibody. | antibody | 0.4375 | neutral |
33KGGVH24UHL5L3TSQ7OIRQO9VR1XA | biomed | These clones confirm olfactory expression of over 400 olfactory receptors, provide their gene structure, demonstrate that not all olfactory receptors are expressed at the same level and show that most olfactory receptor genes have multiple transcriptional isoforms. | clones | 0.283333 | easy |
31ODACBENUF1Q81BJVRGKKH42SBQSG | biomed | Previous genomic library screening by identified genomic clones containing the mouse ESG1 gene and seven pseudogenes [17]. | clones | 0.390625 | easy |
3P4ZBJFX2V3X60SBPKQN5AGB133WFC | biomed | Major constituents of the membrane skeleton are spectrin tetramers linked together by short actin filaments and several other proteins covering the entire cytoplasmic surface of the red blood cell membrane [44]. | skeleton | 0.283333 | easy |
3QTFNPMJC6IDONAXYVT7CJJ2KWONZV | biomed | One is the need for mechanisms to balance expression of sex-linked genes between the sexes, which in mammals is accomplished by X chromosome inactivation in females [5,6]. | sexes | 0.283333 | easy |
35O6H0UNLSGJYJZNC9UZU8VQADB5J2 | biomed | Moreover, BMP signaling has a weak ability to posteriorly polarize the limb in ectopic grafting experiments [10], an activity enhanced by prior low-level exposure to SHH [11]. | grafting | 0.283333 | easy |
3HEADTGN2PSHU1XFQ5LL0XBGXICVRW | biomed | Neural defects such as foveal hypoplasia and optic nerve hypoplasia are common in PAX6-associated eye disease [3-5]. | nerve | 0.283333 | easy |
351S7I5UG9WNO85TG9QLOPVC1YGJNB | biomed | Regarding the subcellular localisation of the putative interacting proteins, HOMER3 is predominantly found at the interface between the PSD and the cytoplasm [39], DNCL1 is chiefly cytoplasmic, although nuclear localisation has been reported [51], and TRIM11 is both nuclear and cytoplasmic [38]. | interacting | 0.283333 | easy |
3ABAOCJ4R84YSDO6ZYVU8BIYA3TQM4 | biomed | While most studies focused on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifying enzymes [3], our data point to the importance of the chromatin assembly machinery. | modifying | 0.285714 | easy |
3UAU495MIISEK9GZTNUCAG4S8PBUOR | biomed | It is improbable that heterozygosity for the deletion of SUMF1, encoding sulfatase modifying factor 1, of itself causes or contributes to SCA15. | modifying | 0.338235 | easy |
3QI9WAYOGQB8GQIR4MDIEF0D2RZ6SZ | biomed | The observation that tissue masses were lost in the spiral limbus region is consistent with the finding of a reduced number of 18S rRNA molecules in the spiral ganglia preparation (see above). | preparation | 0.285714 | easy |
3MIVREZQVHY32PO3EMIETYQULY3KQY | biomed | This study improved on past models by including over 300 animals (three times the size of previous studies) of both sexes, allowing for the incorporation of sex-specific effects on underlying genetic regulation. | incorporation | 0.285714 | easy |
36D1BWBEHN1H0UMLXN5TCTKVUXFM2M | biomed | Is NT-3 only a chemotrophic survival factor for muscle sensory afferents, or does it have additional roles in the development of the proprioceptors and the establishment of the monosynaptic reflex arc? | establishment | 0.375 | easy |
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