id
stringlengths
30
30
corpus
stringclasses
3 values
sentence
stringlengths
10
1.38k
token
stringlengths
1
16
complexity
float64
0
0.86
difficulty
stringclasses
5 values
3BFF0DJK8XCEIOT30ZLBPPSRMZFST1
biomed
A genome database search revealed orthologs of ADAM11, ADAM22 and ADAM23 genes to exist in vertebrates such as mammals, fish, and amphibians, but not in invertebrates.
invertebrates
0.366667
easy
38G0E1M85M59ATPWUZGQ58Y04I9VUV
biomed
Indeed, although PGC-1α null mice survive in the protected environment of the laboratory, our results indicate that in the rigors of a typical external environment, PGC-1α would be necessary for survival.
laboratory
0.322917
easy
3KI0JD2ZU1IMXSYZGJF7JO4HFDM67C
biomed
AQP2-F204V, on the other hand, appeared in a punctate but perinuclear pattern (Figure 4B, third column).
column
0.323529
easy
391JB9X4ZY8CHAQBMTBXCP6PBX1MK8
biomed
Upon stimulation with forskolin, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase activator, wild-type AQP2 translocated to the apical surface of polarized MDCK cells (Figure 4B, second column).
column
0.416667
neutral
3XUSYT70IT170QDU572CAF4MOL3D0B
biomed
Mitochondrial functional capacity is dynamically regulated to meet the diverse energy demands imposed on the mammalian organism following birth.
organism
0.323529
easy
3TRB893CSJAOULN5SWOTVFH69RUG7T
biomed
Another prediction, based upon the enzyme and mRNA levels in knockout mice, is that if these mice are placed on a high cholesterol/high sitosterol diet, they may show significant accumulation of both sterols in the body.
enzyme
0.325
easy
3NSCTNUR2ZN8XQWJI3HM19S7KQN5AS
biomed
Several inhibitors of γ-secretase have already been produced [8,9], and small molecule inhibitors of β-APP cleaving enzyme 1 are currently being developed [10,11].
enzyme
0.357143
easy
3IV1AEQ4DRD2L1IPA7126S5HC3HJ8N
biomed
MCAD-deficient patients have abnormal plasma and urine metabolites associated with the medium chain–length enzyme specificity.
enzyme
0.48913
neutral
3Q9SPIIRWJM2A9B3E44VR95K4NQWAZ
biomed
However, the mutation in this model disrupts a splice site in the mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) gene, not in BCKDH, the deficient enzyme in MSUD.
enzyme
0.514706
neutral
3IJ95K7NDXCDX6FS835IRC3W97SGNZ
biomed
The presence of nuclear Annexin A7 in murine brain was confirmed by controls using sections from the AnxA7-/- mouse and by a biochemical extraction of the protein from the nucleus.
extraction
0.325
easy
375VSR8FVW9Y3L2PR2AOL3OCLTCZRU
biomed
The hallmarks of intermediate MSUD human patients are persistently increased levels of BCAA and BCKDH activity in the range of 3-30% of normal [1].
hallmarks
0.325
easy
3TZDZ3Y0JS6V4PLVPA1A2O462TT19M
biomed
The exposure of the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells has been described as one of the hallmarks of the induction of apoptosis and is considered to be one of the most important signals required for apoptotic cell recognition and removal [19].
hallmarks
0.367647
easy
31N9JPQXIPIRX2A3S9N0CCFXO6DHN5
biomed
We show that targeted expression of an activated form of PPARδ produces profound and coordinated increases in oxidation enzymes, mitochondrial biogenesis, and production of specialized type I fiber contractile proteins—the three hallmarks for muscle fiber type switching (Figure 6C).
hallmarks
0.4
neutral
3QXFBUZ4ZKGQSWZ154H457VQH2SUGA
biomed
Strikingly, Dmrt7 is present, not only in placental mammals, but also in marsupials and a monotreme (egg-laying mammal), the platypus, which has a clear Dmrt7 ortholog [36].
marsupials
0.325
easy
33Q5P9PUSPMUXJD695KTW8PQLSFCZ7
biomed
For example, expression defects in the KH domain proteins NOVA and FMRP are known to cause paraneoplastic neurologic disorders [31] and the fragile X syndrome, respectively, in humans [32].
X
0.325
easy
3J94SKDEKIP6VXZV2D8ORA0D5TED5W
biomed
In prophase I, when the homologous chromosomes synapse and homologous recombination occurs, X and Y chromosome pairing is limited to a region termed the pseudoautosomal region, leaving large portions of each chromosome unpaired.
X
0.365385
easy
3PN6H8C9R4Q313BCX9Z5ZLGZX7KDA7
biomed
These include the enhancement of the biogenesis of red/green opsin by the combination of the RBD4-CY domains [6,7] and the stabilization by the Ran-binding domains of RanBP2 of the guanosine triphosphate-bound conformational state of RanGTPase and interaction of Ran with importin-β [11,40,41].
enhancement
0.325
easy
37NXA7GVST66R322LLOPEL2HRQIVL1
biomed
Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) approaches were developed to improve targeting efficiency using a two-step process: the gene of interest is first replaced by a selection cassette flanked by recombinase target sites (e.g. loxP sites for Cre recombinase, to create a ‘floxed’ locus).
Exchange
0.326923
easy
3J5XXLQDHMBPBZCDFFKPIZ80R4WV3S
biomed
At the other extremity, photoreceptors terminate with synaptic endings that make contact with the processes of horizontal and bipolar cells [31,32].
extremity
0.326923
easy
3OB6JN3A9QPY4E36CDKUD1S36QTRM6
biomed
However, several physiological studies have suggested that quinine can directly activate G proteins or cationic conductances, or can block K+ channels in taste receptor cells [34-36].
receptor
0.328125
easy
3BCRDCM0ODUAS75JZD4GNT93LYJK6V
biomed
Furthermore, a number of physiological studies have suggested that the transduction of some amphiphilic bitter compounds, such as quinine and denatonium benzoate, may stimulate taste receptor cells independently of GPCRs (e.g. [30]).
receptor
0.338235
easy
3OKP4QVBP2X6DNL3ZZ0D56JWAZVAG9
biomed
This is unlikely, however, as even olfactory receptor transgenes with identical upstream regions are expressed in different neurons [18].
receptor
0.375
easy
3I6NF2WGIGW97H9M439WXV3AILZG5E
biomed
TRIP13 was originally discovered to be an interactor with rat thyroid receptor beta (THRB; [54]), but the relationship between THRB and TRIP13 in meiosis is unknown.
receptor
0.375
easy
3AA88CN98P3CBRFP5WZ86KTWK7KYKF
biomed
Each olfactory receptor is expressed in a subset of cells in one of four zones of the epithelium [14,15].
receptor
0.388889
easy
3IH9TRB0FBZOFQEYT47NFH39LJFI1L
biomed
The conditional alleles were deleted early in limb development through the action of a cre-recombinase transgene expressed under the control of the Prx1 enhancer [32].
enhancer
0.328125
easy
34KYK9TV2R8EM2ZM0DUQPVM5GSFBSU
biomed
These findings, taken together, indicated that the phenotype associated with Apcs deficiency was caused by the presence of unaltered 129 genes from the telomeric region of Chromosome 1 operating in the C57BL/6 genomic background.
operating
0.328125
easy
3P520RYKCH6SCZAHO8YD1A41RT8U5M
biomed
Adult skeletal muscle shows plasticity and can undergo conversion between different fiber types in response to exercise training or modulation of motoneuron activity (Booth and Thomason 1991, Jarvis et al. 1996; Pette 1998; Olson and Williams 2000; Hood 2001).
Booth
0.328125
easy
3FVBZG9CLJEOC6IWR3L210JKGDWH0O
biomed
Type IIb fibers have the lowest levels of mitochondrial content and oxidative enzymes, rely on glycolytic metabolism as a major energy source, and are susceptible to fatigue, while the oxidative and contraction functions of type IIa and IIx lie between type I and IIb (Booth and Thomason 1991; Berchtold et al. 2000; Olson and Williams 2000).
Booth
0.47619
neutral
38B7Q9C28G5QBBMSVGDRXKVNA3G96X
biomed
Annexin A7, the first annexin to be described, was isolated as the agent that mediated aggregation of chromaffin granules and fusion of membranes and phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions [3].
fusion
0.328125
easy
38LRF35D5LWPYKNDAPAKMD6HDXNU32
biomed
In Wnt4 mutants, SOX9 expression is not maintained.
mutants
0.328125
easy
3D06DR5225J65XHPA2Y8IB3T6L7AMH
biomed
Already at E10.5, we could see intense apoptosis among the postmigratory NCCs in the mesenchyme surrounding the aortic sac at the site where the prospective AP septum forms, i.e., this cell death precedes the AP septal defect seen in mutants.
mutants
0.34375
easy
3HO4MYYR12OOV3AVTR8ITGI1NPJ6UG
biomed
Other factors, such as GDNF [11,40] need to be investigated in their expression in these mutants and their functional role needs to be assessed, in particular in the cochlear apex.
mutants
0.375
easy
3JMNNNO3B14D56GZ1PBGLRMMSZT2WT
biomed
In one study, 12 distinct measures of Wnt signaling in Pygo mutants were performed, including analysis of leg, wing, and eye imaginal discs.
mutants
0.416667
neutral
37G6BXQPLQL0GPWTI07BV3DP112EQ3
biomed
Moreover, the Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants display an abnormal patterning of the aortic sac and defective AP septation leading to PTA, reminiscent of type A2 (= truncus artriosus with no main pulmonary artery segment present [30]).
mutants
0.472222
neutral
3TTPFEFXCTKJQH4BTS1JA1TBTHGH6P
biomed
In this assay, serial dilutions of protein homogenate are passed through a cellulose acetate filter; particles larger than the pore size of the filter become trapped in the membrane and are revealed by immunoblotting [22].
pore
0.328947
easy
34ZTTGSNJXOC0ZNV81FHG6A2THZQH0
biomed
These changes are less directly related to specific mutations in the CFTR gene and are likely related to other differences in individual genetic makeup.
makeup
0.329545
easy
359AP8GAGGKBD970QASA5OWRBZ37CB
biomed
In this assay, serial dilutions of protein homogenate are passed through a cellulose acetate filter; particles larger than the pore size of the filter become trapped in the membrane and are revealed by immunoblotting [22].
particles
0.329545
easy
32204AGAABCLNATH55A5MS60NVJHGR
biomed
We observed among individual mice a striking variability in olfactory memory performance but not in odor discrimination.
variability
0.333333
easy
3BA7SXOG1JQJJP12ICAB8JR8MKBR8N
biomed
Fiber cells attached to the posterior capsule and extending anteriorly were observed in 5 wk (Figure 3O), 46 wk (Figure 3T) and 72 wk (data not shown) wild type lenses.
Fiber
0.333333
easy
3BJKPTD2QCC2H9TQLAL6ZFNV0XWTRE
biomed
Cultured Fog2 lungs do develop an intricate branching pattern in the unaffected lobes that appears similar in the pattern to wild-type lungs after 5 d in culture.
lobes
0.333333
easy
3PA41K45VN4U7YG4VFEGPOVYAIC7PJ
biomed
Alternative splicing gives rise to two isoforms of 47 and 51 kDa.
splicing
0.333333
easy
3MNJFORX8B43THDRTJ3EFA3YH7SF59
biomed
We find that the majority of the olfactory receptors, like most non-olfactory receptor genes [38,39], are transcribed as multiple isoforms, involving alternative splicing of 5' untranslated exons and alternate polyadenylation-site usage.
splicing
0.4
neutral
3WUVMVA7OB3644G8PRO2QDZ2LPUZAS
biomed
Given the location of this alteration it is unlikely to effect the expression or splicing of ITPR1.
splicing
0.402174
neutral
34HEO7RUG6UX2DUHFAUP4AX3C8BARA
biomed
Given that SCA16 and autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive ataxia have both recently been mapped to regions overlapping with the SCA15 locus [10,11], ITPR1 is a gene of importance for screening in these families.
screening
0.333333
easy
3I4E7AFQ2KZLJLADD5CXXO14QG2TJM
biomed
An important one appears to be Ca2+, which promotes binding of Annexin A7 to membranes and also allows aggregation of annexins [27].
aggregation
0.333333
easy
3PIOQ99R7YMW2OGNS8UZVR4NIF6UNC
biomed
Reports by Clemen et al. [9] and Herr et al. [8,10] demonstrated roles for Annexin A7 in shape and osmotic resistance of red blood cells, platelet aggregation velocity, and in the velocity of spreading astrocytic Ca2+-waves.
aggregation
0.455882
neutral
3P4ZBJFX2V3X60SBPKQN5AGB133FWV
biomed
During the early 1990's, alpha-crystallin was shown to act as a molecular chaperone, binding to partially denatured proteins, both in vitro [5] and probably in vivo [6], to inhibit further denaturation and aggregation of lens proteins.
aggregation
0.466667
neutral
3OEWW2KGQJBS375D7S4N0G04MOJDO1
biomed
Previous results in which annexin A7 was shown to play a role in membrane aggregation might be explained by a supportive function of annexin A7 in that it interferes with the local Ca2+ homeostasis thus influencing membrane organization.
aggregation
0.5
neutral
3PZDSVZ3J5HXLQM8D23HIN6TJ1R4N6
biomed
Clot formation and lysis, which ultimately determine thrombosis, requires platelet aggregation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic functions.
aggregation
0.55
neutral
3FULMHZ7OUXR381811OH58HTEC9M4I
biomed
The adult heterozygous females showed a mild tendency toward increased urinary output and water intake and decreased urine osmolality.
females
0.333333
easy
38Z7YZ2SB32CWUYFEJX2GIBHTUEIQL
biomed
Loss or damage to articular cartilage is a hallmark of arthritic diseases and is one of the most common reasons that both young and old adults seek medical care.
hallmark
0.333333
easy
3SMIWMMK615MPIP1K9LMRAHEBRAUW3
biomed
Alternatively, PPARδ may be activated by a distal upstream signaling component such as a kinase cascade.
component
0.333333
easy
3BFNCI9LYKQN09BHXHH9CLSX5ML374
biomed
Mutations in this gene underlie McArdle's disease (glycogen storage disease type V), the symptoms of which include exercise intolerance, muscle cramps, and myoglobinuria [36].
Mutations
0.333333
easy
371DNNCG442WZ4EUM1F68YSQA58T82
biomed
Mutations in the genes of the E1 and E2 subunits of BCKDH have been described, however, the majority of MSUD mutations identified thus far are in the E2 subunit [1,7].
Mutations
0.390625
easy
3VDI8GSXAFTSUZSO21GZ9FD1KBVG8B
biomed
In contrast, our studies show a relocation of Annexin A7 from the cytosol to the nucleus in cells of the embryonic neuronal tissue.
relocation
0.333333
easy
3GVPRXWRPHU2QCT0IKOWGRUMO4H7I7
biomed
The pachytene checkpoint is known to monitor two aspects of meiotic chromosome metabolism in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans: (1) DSB repair and (2) chromosome synapsis [2,12].
metabolism
0.3375
easy
3TC2K6WK9G22F5KH3MVA7BJ0ASW28K
biomed
Lastly, we propose that the PGC-1α−/− mice should serve as a useful murine model to investigate the role of altered energy metabolism in obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and diseases of the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system.
metabolism
0.359375
easy
391JB9X4ZY8CHAQBMTBXCP6PBX1KM6
biomed
As mentioned above, Nrl is a retinal transcription factor that, when mutated, results in en masse conversion of rods into S-opsin–expressing cones [24].
conversion
0.338235
easy
3GITHABACYLNIC7L9OKTP89VZNUN2S
biomed
This conversion of muscle fiber from type IIb to type IIa and type I is likely to be mediated by a calcium signaling pathway that involves calcineurin, calmodulin-dependent kinase, and the transcriptional cofactor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) (Naya et al. 2000; Olson and Williams 2000; Lin et al. 2002; Wu et al. 2002).
conversion
0.35
easy
3I7KR83SNADXAQ7HXK7S7305BZSK97
biomed
Thus, during the evolution of vertebrates, subsequent successive duplications of the ancestral gene cluster have given rise to three TACC family members located close to FGFR genes in humans.
duplications
0.338235
easy
3S37Y8CWI80N8KVM53U4E6JKCDUW4O
biomed
In fact, the most likely candidates for a cellular correlate of olfactory memory appear to be the neuronal connections in the piriform cortex due to the associational connectivity [5] and the expression of several forms of cellular and synaptic plasticity [7,20–23].
connectivity
0.338235
easy
3O2Y2UIUCQU6B0YU067KHZMGEWUKF4
biomed
Er81 controls proprioceptive afferent connectivity [14], and we therefore sought to identify an ETS transcriptional regulator that, when expressed over the normal time course of Er81 expression, is able to substitute for Er81 function within group Ia afferent sensory neurons.
connectivity
0.470588
neutral
3VEI3XUCZRX4PH0J4TCMU5MYBU6PR0
biomed
Success with animal studies is expected to advance such therapeutic approaches and could pave the way for studies in humans.
Success
0.338235
easy
30IRMPJWDZJ3EQ33R17EYO0ZHK0KRU
biomed
Nutritional problems can persist even with adequate oral enzyme supplementation [9] and neutralization of gastric acid to improve lipase function [10], and may involve both impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients [11].
absorption
0.338235
easy
3538U0YQ1FU0F2QNF0FL0D5E3A83FC
biomed
These models will allow for the development of novel treatment approaches, such as gene or stem cell therapies, to ultimately cure MSUD.
stem
0.339286
easy
3HXK2V1N4KFH8KQZMK7YZO0YYB32GU
biomed
As noted, whereas Capn2 null murine embryos die prior to implantation, homozygous disruption of the μ-calpain large subunit gene, Capn1, did not affect the viability of mice [33].
implantation
0.339286
easy
3IVEC1GSLPZKA1Y4BMSNRII9YX6J1Y
biomed
We report here that Capn2 null embryos died prior to the implantation stage, indicating that m-calpain is indispensable for early embryogenesis.
implantation
0.345238
easy
34F34TZU7WZRZMG0UQS1W1SEQ3KJ2F
biomed
Type IIb fibers have the lowest levels of mitochondrial content and oxidative enzymes, rely on glycolytic metabolism as a major energy source, and are susceptible to fatigue, while the oxidative and contraction functions of type IIa and IIx lie between type I and IIb (Booth and Thomason 1991; Berchtold et al. 2000; Olson and Williams 2000).
Williams
0.340909
easy
3FO95NVK5C0129GBWAGGPAR9YEDSRJ
biomed
Wnt9b is made by the ureteric bud and induces the metanephric mesenchyme to undergo nephrogenesis [2].
bud
0.342105
easy
3QE4DGPGBRBRBY5MQYQMS3XWIP54GY
biomed
In conclusion, the mammalian Pygo2 gene is required for normal branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud, with mutants showing dilated tips and reduced numbers of tips.
bud
0.361111
easy
3YLPJ8OXX8D2XK0CF8QQGPXRLF14XQ
biomed
In addition, Wnt11 is produced by the ureteric bud tips and induces GDNF expression in the metanephric mesenchyme [4].
bud
0.363636
easy
3G57RS03HH5JSN1F5OO7VR9982P52F
biomed
The development of a bud requires a number of coordinated changes in the behavior of the targeted cells within an epithelial sheet.
bud
0.40625
neutral
3LVTFB9DE5IY03SKOVXZV6Y1EHMQG1
biomed
This exquisite pattern appears to be functionally relevant since altering it in vivo correspondingly affects features associated with hair bud formation, including down-regulation of E-cadherin, increased proliferation, and repressed terminal differentiation.
bud
0.431818
neutral
3IKMEYR0LWVMA6MICBSDXGSR5SK2KX
biomed
Sequence homology analyses revealed that Acdp proteins shared very strong AA homologies to the bacteria CorC protein and yeast Amip3 protein.
Sequence
0.34375
easy
37G6BXQPLQL0GPWTI07BV3DP118EQ9
biomed
Huntingtin is postulated to function as a flexible ~350 kDa HEAT domain scaffold that may facilitate the assembly and possibly the subcellular location of large protein complexes [3-7].
HEAT
0.34375
easy
3ZXV7Q5FJBOOS2M68TQMTG989OECFE
biomed
At some sites, loss of Bmpr1a function leads to a defect in the early stages of joint formation, resulting in a complete failure to form a joint and fusion of bones in the ankle.
defect
0.34375
easy
341H3G5YF0EA3RIQXPR917NPC3J0Z3
biomed
The severity of pulmonary hypoplasia in the patient we report was out of proportion to that of the diaphragm defect.
defect
0.347222
easy
3IZPORCT1F9CC02VLG4HLWK7P32HRT
biomed
In conclusion, these results show that p150CAF-1 is required for the proper condensation and clustering of pericentric heterochromatin domains.
clustering
0.34375
easy
3OJX0UFJ0Z7BDMCTRYBUDQ93DPS9UT
biomed
CAF-1 could be required for the loading, into heterochromatin, of an interacting partner required for the clustering of pericentric domains.
clustering
0.34375
easy
3SCKNODZ0XGU4D4RF01OLZQ3A3BN73
biomed
The role of CAF-1 in the nuclear organization of heterochromatin includes spatial localization, condensation, and clustering of pericentric domains.
clustering
0.470588
neutral
32K26U12DNONTREA84Q1V8UCIHGVDL
biomed
They result from the clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol in the outer leaflet of the membrane connected to phospholipids and cholesterol in the inner leaflet and are enriched in special proteins.
clustering
0.526316
neutral
3GONHBMNHVY765PXMUE7Z4U2F6JMZZ
biomed
Moreover, the cost associated with liver transplantation and the availability of donor livers are additional limiting factors for the practicality of treatment of this disease.
transplantation
0.34375
easy
31GECDVA9JM3TSKUX9AFDA4LK2366E
biomed
Because of the central role of the liver in amino acid metabolism and moderate/high levels of BCKDH activity in human liver [10-12], a few cases of MSUD have recently been treated by liver transplantation [13-16].
transplantation
0.361111
easy
363A7XIFV4MPVKBYOUZZ57M6XEJVAJ
biomed
Embryonic expression and transplantation studies suggest that Tbx15 is required to establish certain characteristics of dorsal patterning in mesenchymal cells of the developing flank.
transplantation
0.366667
easy
36MUZ9VAE626RGSODE1RV46QIMIDE2
biomed
The first Transforming acidic coiled coil gene, TACC1, was identified during the development of an expression map of the proximal short arm of human chromosome 8 [1].
arm
0.34375
easy
3YLTXLH3DF6R0NMG8O0SG1KSOM6HPV
biomed
To allow for the mechanistic separation of olfactory learning, discrimination, and memory, we exploited a well-known phenomenon of transgenes, which concerns heterogeneous expression among different founder lines and even among genetically identical individuals of a given line.
founder
0.34375
easy
3UYRNV2KITZY4R9AP5TUZZMYLNMN8V
biomed
Significantly, the reports cited above failed to address the technical limitations of the approach: i.e. that the antagonists used lack adequate subtype specificity and only partially blocked D2R-mediated signaling thus making it impossible to rigorously assess the role of D2R-mediated signaling in associative and reversal learning.
specificity
0.34375
easy
3J94SKDEKIP6VXZV2D8ORA0D5TE5DO
biomed
The quest to understand the HD mechanism, therefore, is aimed at delineating the huntingtin activity that may explain the striatal cell specificity of the polyglutamine mutant version of huntingtin.
specificity
0.388889
easy
3AQN9REUTFG4XL9FDFDL27Y60YNDYH
biomed
These will be important for implicating candidates to be assessed in the extraembryonic signals that determine anterior streak progression in the developing embryo and in delineating the dominant activity of the polyglutamine tract in huntingtin that determines the striatal specificity of HD.
specificity
0.4
neutral
360ZO6N6J1JS0E7KIWK8MGS903UM9J
biomed
MCAD-deficient patients have abnormal plasma and urine metabolites associated with the medium chain–length enzyme specificity.
specificity
0.45
neutral
3APP19WN71E5QL909MJ1P1HAEGB6GL
biomed
The μ-80 k and m-80 k subunits share 62% amino acid sequence identity, and are very similar in terms of structure, protein chemistry, and in vitro substrate specificity.
specificity
0.470588
neutral
3JYPJ2TAYI87MRVADYCSDG8F86VPF5
biomed
The mab-3 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to function analogously to DSX in several respects and can be functionally replaced by the male isoform of DSX, suggesting that the similarity in the sequence of these genes may stem from conservation of an ancestral DM domain sexual regulator [18,21,22].
similarity
0.34375
easy
33QQ60S6ASITHSOGR2S1KF8AAL3U07
biomed
Hedgehog family members play diverse roles in embryonic development, and cholesterol is necessary for maturation of these morphogens [20-23].
Hedgehog
0.34375
easy
3WPCIUYH1A88GZAL39QMUQ6RLW5DTS
biomed
In this study, we have used mouse genetics to test this general idea, by investigating whether the precise timing of onset of ETS transcription factor signaling is essential for normal sensory neuron development.
neuron
0.346154
easy
35JDMRECC499302FF42Z1P9NVFRGEA
biomed
Changes in neuron excitability in the hippocampus, such as decreases in the post-burst after hyperpolarization (AHP), have been thought to affect long-term potentiation (LTP) [36], an experimental model of the synaptic changes thought to underlie learning and memory [37].
neuron
0.411765
neutral
3GS542CVJVNUS7MEQX3M5EHNE8559D
biomed
This late sensory neuron loss is likely not related to known neurotrophin signaling which becomes reduced in neonatal wildtype animals.
neuron
0.428571
neutral
3ZRKL6Z1E83ADJ7XGZM4Q6D2W52SGN
biomed
Supplementary data are available at NAR online.
Supplementary
0.347222
easy
3Z56AA6EK405IV5MKPHW2617A2MM68
biomed
But when given liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) agonist, Abcg5/sterolin-1 and Abcg8/sterolin-2 appeared to be expressed at the apical surface.
alpha
0.347826
easy
3T5ZXGO9DEOYRKNPENLOGDE7P88ZQT
biomed
This may support the idea that mr-s is involved in repressive complexes similar to other SAM domain-containing proteins.
complexes
0.347826
easy
37NXA7GVST66R322LLOPEL2HRRGLVR
biomed
Cells lacking BRCA1/2 fail to form damage-induced subnuclear RAD51 foci with normal efficiency, suggesting that these proteins are required for the formation of recombinase complexes at the sites of DNA damage [20,21].
complexes
0.4
neutral