id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3D5G8J4N5A4UAGA7UUQG0CCYL34TV2 | biomed | These findings are in complete agreement with earlier studies that utilized rats and fairly selective D2R antagonists [3-8], as well as even very extensive 6-OHDA lesions [1,10,11] in associative and operant learning paradigms. | paradigms | 0.475 | neutral |
307L9TDWJYSC3U34DOYY8IEN52MN3X | biomed | Reversal learning in rodents can serve as an index of learning adaptability and alertness that correlates with human attentional-shift paradigms [17,18]. | paradigms | 0.5 | neutral |
3HRWUH63QU2FH9Q8R7MRNFC7JXLN5T | biomed | The 1615del10 mutation also removes the last 5 amino acids of the C-terminal peptide [28]. | amino | 0.375 | easy |
3IQ9O0AYW6ZPOAQ7VNRXLNM4D26TI5 | biomed | In light of these newer findings, our intermediate MSUD mouse provides a model to test the effect of thiamin with respect to BCKDH activity and blood amino acid levels at the level of the whole animal. | amino | 0.407895 | neutral |
3VW0145YLYCH6QKT48BLBA6CW86JMB | biomed | The μ-80 k and m-80 k subunits share 62% amino acid sequence identity, and are very similar in terms of structure, protein chemistry, and in vitro substrate specificity. | amino | 0.433333 | neutral |
3L60IFZKF3IZN6OSPBSN7SI12UYHHQ | biomed | The repressive activity of mr-s is due to its C-terminal region (amino acid 463 to 542). | amino | 0.455882 | neutral |
379OL9DBSSESUVWY1Z8JGBFG9D3Y9G | biomed | CAPAN-1 cells carry a deletion of BRCA2 on one homolog and codes for a protein truncated at amino acid 1981 on the other homolog. | amino | 0.482143 | neutral |
35YHTYFL1G3KRBS6ZALRJ8XXUUWVFW | biomed | After initial screening of founders, we identified four lines of tet-APPswe/ind mice that produced very high levels of transgene product in offspring coexpressing tTA (Figures 1 and Figure S1). | founders | 0.375 | easy |
3FK4G712NX0D3OGOBZGLFKW5KHTSS6 | biomed | It is somewhat puzzling that 22 of the 24 Tas2rs examined encode variant proteins in B6 and D2 mice even though these strains exhibit similar taste responses to bitter compounds such as DB or cyclohexamide [47]. | compounds | 0.375 | easy |
3XT3KXP24ZYJMCFVZAJ4ADUQTTXI6J | biomed | Annexin A7, the first annexin to be described, was isolated as the agent that mediated aggregation of chromaffin granules and fusion of membranes and phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions [3]. | granules | 0.375 | easy |
3HKIF5DF6YXS84BY7TMD9B8C4HJ9GZ | biomed | At the cellular level annexin A7 can be detected in the cytosol, at the plasma membrane, around the nucleus, at vesicular structures including adrenal chromaffin granules, and at the t-tubule system [5,6]. | granules | 0.426471 | neutral |
34YWR3PJ28ALYWIBW73O4M7E44D0X0 | biomed | Finally, movement of pigment granules within melanocytes or from melanocytes to keratinocytes makes use of cellular machinery that is shared by a variety of cell types, but that can vary in different regions of the body (reviewed in Marks and Seabra 2001). | granules | 0.5 | neutral |
3O71U79SRBPA5T3JR2KZ3BXZSRJSM0 | biomed | Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is a key requirement for the development of proprioceptive inputs to motor neurons (Chen and Frank 1999; Chen et al. 2003). | Frank | 0.381579 | easy |
3D1TUISJWI04ON5WVSH7QJ86WFFIUL | biomed | We have previously reported the expression of Annexin A7 in human temporal neocortex and hippocampus obtained from neurosurgery for therapy-refractory epilepsy and found the two Annexin A7 isoforms restricted to the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes, whereas neurons lacked any signal [19]. | cytoplasm | 0.381579 | easy |
3OKP4QVBP2X6DNL3ZZ0D56JWAZ0GAK | biomed | It is possible that RAD51 may alternatively be capable of BRCA2-independent transport, but mislocalization of BRCA2 to the cytoplasm may sequester RAD51 and block its normal mode of transport. | cytoplasm | 0.431818 | neutral |
3YO4AH2FPDK1PZHZAT8WAEBL70XQ0Y | biomed | This synapse is characterized by the presence of a ribbon in the presynaptic cytoplasm. | cytoplasm | 0.5 | neutral |
3R4QIDVOJPCBJM6O99CB1MOBIZCEER | biomed | Galectin-3 is a multifunctional oncogenic protein with an anti-apoptotic activity found in the extracellular space, in the nucleus and cytoplasm and in mitochondria. | cytoplasm | 0.525 | neutral |
3XBYQ44Z6P47P5ACK4VCMEVCSC6TWC | biomed | It had been shown previously that the small amount of truncated BRCA2 protein expressed by CAPAN-1 cells was mislocalized to the cytoplasm, consistent with the fact that the truncation protein lacks a nuclear localization signal [28]. | cytoplasm | 0.625 | difficult |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KYFR4G | biomed | While the heterozygous knockout mice for Apc develop adenomatous polyps predominantly in small intestine, the homozygous embryos die before gastrulation. | polyps | 0.382353 | easy |
3G57RS03HH5JSN1F5OO7VR9982V52L | biomed | The results obtained by immunofluorescence were confirmed by extraction of Annexin A7 from nuclei of neuronal and glial cell lines. | nuclei | 0.382353 | easy |
3NZ1E5QA6Z1DG01BOHHIWKCD2825BH | biomed | These data evidence a key role for p150CAF-1 during pre-implantation development, and reveal that this protein is required for the proper 3-D organization of heterochromatin within embryonic cell nuclei. | nuclei | 0.4 | neutral |
3KA7IJSNW65H9AJU8WQWUQHUT83PBN | biomed | In the adult brain Annexin A7 generally was detected in nuclei of neurons. | nuclei | 0.425 | neutral |
3UDTAB6HH6ZVX00DTRXAOJLWX1M09H | biomed | A role of Annexin A7 as well as of other annexins in nuclei remains speculative. | nuclei | 0.45 | neutral |
38RHULDV9YFHGRU1QSW887T3HVVWI3 | biomed | The developing gray matter of the rat embryonic spinal cord exhibited primarily nuclear localization of Annexin A11, while immunoreactivity was lost from the nuclei in the adult spinal cord [26]. | nuclei | 0.466667 | neutral |
3UDTAB6HH6ZVX00DTRXAOJLWX0P09I | biomed | Arterial occlusion time, tail bleeding and rebleeding time were evaluated as potential predictors of thrombotic response. | occlusion | 0.382353 | easy |
3R868ACW4SC7EVTBBRGCMZA5JK1ZGY | biomed | The genes may interact with components in the Plg network and modulate arterial occlusion time. | occlusion | 0.4375 | neutral |
3CZH926SICETRK9VK30YS0CK59KE4L | biomed | It is not likely that merely the concentration of these components explains the increased rebleeding time and reduced arterial occlusion time in the A/J mice. | occlusion | 0.470588 | neutral |
37M4O367VJI9ZR58F67RA0N7E765M6 | biomed | In addition, in the CSS, expression of the A/J phenotypes, rebleeding time and arterial occlusion, was modified in the B6 background, and suggested that interactions occurred among the A/J QTL. | occlusion | 0.583333 | neutral |
37VE3DA4YUHPWTL6PJIRLHF37HYBH9 | biomed | Further investigation, beyond the scope of this study would be necessary to determine the contribution in the differences in size and sheer stress of the carotids to arterial occlusion rates in the B6 and A/J mice. | occlusion | 0.597826 | neutral |
3XDSWAMB22SLJRCFM91G5FDMGPUQCR | biomed | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used in some centers to provide an extended period of cardiopulmonary bypass [5,6], while other centers have success using other ventilatory support techniques [7]. | oxygenation | 0.383333 | easy |
386T3MLZLNVVJVH3OZRWONQLDUC08Y | biomed | Furthermore, with the growing amount of large-scale proteomic and genomic data becoming publicly available, this analysis can now be extended to reveal the complex interplay between evolution of gene structure and protein function. | interplay | 0.383333 | easy |
3NSM4HLQNRUPDSMYRR2BPK23K4QQQR | biomed | Thus, Dmrt7 likely arose, presumably by duplication and divergence of another Dmrt gene, shortly before or coincident with the mammalian radiation. | divergence | 0.383333 | easy |
3ZZAYRN1I6RZKW1ATI425KIQPACOT0 | biomed | Spiral prominence in Slc26a4-/- mice was less prominent, spiral ligament thinner and spiral limbus flatter (Fig. 5). | flatter | 0.384615 | easy |
38VTL6WC4AD9T8UMY9V24VAENHKY5P | biomed | Regulators of sexual differentiation have been identified in a number of organisms, but in contrast to many other developmental processes, such as axial patterning or development of many body parts, the molecular mechanisms that regulate sexual differentiation are highly variable between phyla. | Regulators | 0.384615 | easy |
3QGTX7BCHP29YY4RUVXLI2JGTBP5ZO | biomed | SAM domains (also known as Pointed, HLH, or SPM domains) are ~70 residues long and have been reported as common protein-protein interaction modules [15-17]. | Pointed | 0.386364 | easy |
3V8JSVE8YYQ9PRNF9AO58PGR0AOYEV | biomed | Plaques were limited to the forebrain, including the cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and striatum, where the CaMKIIα promoter is known to be most active [16,28] (Figure S2). | Plaques | 0.388889 | easy |
3G9UA71JVVUYLND6029WSS9M1K4J7V | biomed | These options were narrowed down by the subsequent observation that Capn1-/- mice, which lack the μ-calpain catalytic subunit, were healthy and fertile, although platelet aggregation and clot retraction defects were observed [33]. | platelet | 0.388889 | easy |
3RZS0FBRWKA0JFB0MWMR5ANCBT3CPH | biomed | Clot formation and lysis, which ultimately determine thrombosis, requires platelet aggregation, coagulation, and fibrinolytic functions. | platelet | 0.390625 | easy |
35U0MRQMUJ7EXO5ZYD4H626BMVNVOI | biomed | We have also observed a defect in platelet function in the annexin A7 mutant. | platelet | 0.444444 | neutral |
3RQVKZ7ZRKJYFRFYTH34TBN5Z8K27R | biomed | The tail-bleeding assay has been used extensively in mice to assess the impact of deficiencies and over expression of platelet and coagulation proteins in mice. | platelet | 0.553571 | neutral |
3KTZHH2ONIFSM9OAD4EUMKXYGXCM8U | biomed | The μ and m designations derive from the levels of Ca2+ required in vitro for optimal activation; 10–50 μM Ca2+ for μ-calpain and 0.3–0.35 mM Ca2+ for m-calpain. | designations | 0.390625 | easy |
3L4YG5VW9NS1ZAEOHJQ7PMO5IAHDD9 | biomed | We suggest that the interaction of PAX6 with HOMER3 and DNCL1 is a mechanism by which synaptic signalling could lead to regulated changes in gene expression in neurons. | signalling | 0.390625 | easy |
3XABXM4AJ15J7OM25XLB3TH3QY9Q8L | biomed | We assume that these ADAMs might contribute to cell migration, differentiation and survival or synaptic regulation by binding to integrins, cell-surface proteins or intracellular signalling molecules [20,21]. | signalling | 0.413043 | neutral |
3W31J70BASWZ8OEK94HJ9T1DHJXCKG | biomed | These findings support the idea that FGF9 acts as the antagonist of Wnt4. | antagonist | 0.390625 | easy |
3UEBBGULPFOKEW36UKBMNMVEGNSFUW | biomed | Despite a growing literature demonstrating disrupted associative learning following acute manipulations of dopamine D1R signaling during acquisition of associative learning tasks with food [e.g. [6,7]], the actual contribution of D2R-mediated signaling on acquisition and maintenance of associative learning in rodents is unresolved. | manipulations | 0.390625 | easy |
3TFJJUELSHP4R8AUKYBF9XFJ0JH2CQ | biomed | In various manipulations of the neurotrophins it has been noted that molecular markers for proprioceptive axons such as PV or calcitonin gene-related peptide for nerve growth factor–responsive axons are compromised (Ringstedt et al. 1997; Patel et al. 2000), thus PV immunostaining in Bax/NT-3 double KOs cannot reveal the extent of proprioceptive axons in the periphery. | manipulations | 0.45 | neutral |
32ZCLEW0BZKNRTH6WO3DSE071DCJP2 | biomed | Nutritional problems can persist even with adequate oral enzyme supplementation [9] and neutralization of gastric acid to improve lipase function [10], and may involve both impaired digestion and absorption of nutrients [11]. | neutralization | 0.392857 | easy |
3J5XXLQDHMBPBZCDFFKPIZ80R4R3VV | biomed | Sequencing of Aqp2 coding region of affected mice identified a thymine to guanine (T to G) transversion (Figure 1A), which is predicted to lead to a valine for phenylalanine substitution at amino acid 204 of the protein (F204V). | Sequencing | 0.392857 | easy |
3VCK0Q0PO5EGM247U1GF6KGG2Q3N03 | biomed | However, strategies to prevent thrombosis have lagged far behind due, in part, to the contribution of multiple, and as yet undefined, genetic factors that lead to thrombotic risk. | thrombosis | 0.392857 | easy |
31ANT7FQN82N7D4XO9REIVFBXLCH5E | biomed | The marked independent differences demonstrated in the B6 and A/J mice can be exploited to identify genetic determinants of thrombosis and haemostasis. | thrombosis | 0.5 | neutral |
3WA2XVDZEMH767D93RTDPYWY10W6E4 | biomed | The FeCl3-induced model of vascular injury and thrombosis in mice is now widely used to evaluate genetic and pharmacological interventions [24]. | thrombosis | 0.552083 | neutral |
3JHB4BPSFK9JLT5CAPRP3PCEA4M9QO | biomed | Human DMRT1 maps to an autosomal locus, which, when hemizygous, is associated with defective testicular development and consequent XY feminization [30]. | feminization | 0.392857 | easy |
3KL228NDMVMCP0UPBQD2ZKMSFCNKGY | biomed | WT = wild-type | WT | 0.392857 | easy |
3M93N4X8HKNK4LXYO577NJ5IOYGSJQ | biomed | This response is seen in WT, Bax null and in p75 null DRG explants, and in the absence of any other neurotrophins or target-derived axon guidance molecules. | WT | 0.558824 | neutral |
39WSF6KUV2LXVDJD3NF76YIPM0POEA | biomed | This will normally lead to a temporary remission of the disease in both mice and humans, followed by an exacerbation phase after delivery [7,10,11]. | exacerbation | 0.397059 | easy |
3ZXV7Q5FJBOOS2M68TQMTG989NGFCH | biomed | A gene-specific inhibitor in sample 147 prevented amplification of E2F1. | amplification | 0.397059 | easy |
32PT7WK7DMF3HICROUKVCD2TRXSD3B | biomed | However, in each such case, the PCR amplification was efficient enough to enable quantification. | amplification | 0.4375 | neutral |
37SDSEDIN92VQK2LKIVW2S9VIMI182 | biomed | APC also interacts with a multitude of other cellular proteins, including axin-2 (AXIN2), plakoglobin (JUP), Asef (ARHGEF4), kinesin superfamily–associated protein 3 (KIFAP3), EB1 (MAPRE1), microtubules, and the human homolog of Drosophila discs large (DLG1). | discs | 0.397727 | easy |
3T5ZXGO9DEOYRKNPENLOGDE7P7BQZL | biomed | At their apex, these neurons have a membranous outer segment, which contains proteins involved in the phototransduction cascade. | apex | 0.4 | neutral |
389A2A304OIXVY7G5B71Q9M43LRC0A | biomed | In summary, our findings demonstrate the impact of epistatic interactions between 129 and C57BL/6 genomes on the development of SLE and illustrate how these background gene effects may lead to incorrect interpretations when analysing the autoimmune phenotype of specific genetic disruptions. | genomes | 0.4 | neutral |
3XU9MCX6VOC8XAZD2V1AYSE50LC2RQ | biomed | These results demonstrate important epistatic interactions between genes from 129 and C57BL/6 genomes on the development of autoimmunity and illustrate the important effects of background genes in the analysis and interpretation of autoimmune phenotypes associated with targeted genetic disruptions. | genomes | 0.46875 | neutral |
32TZXEA1OLKU7JFJ8F5JLGTQG1E14P | biomed | Dmrt7 is expressed only in the gonad, and, unlike the other Dmrt genes, appears to be present exclusively in mammals and not in nonmammalian vertebrates [23,36]. | gonad | 0.4 | neutral |
3JVP4ZJHDPSO81TGXL3N1CKZGQBI0I | biomed | Sry is not present in nonmammalian systems; however, antagonistic signaling between FGFs and WNTs may be the conserved mechanism that balances the gonad between testicular and ovarian fates in vertebrates. | gonad | 0.5 | neutral |
3NFWQRSHVEE19E2BAFM5J7UN7F8FGR | biomed | In all species, the embryonic gonad is made up of a mixed population of germ cells and somatic cells. | gonad | 0.5 | neutral |
3W0KKJIARR9XWLO7SS1E775URTAK8I | biomed | Many studies support the view that cells in the undifferentiated gonad are bipotential; the supporting cell precursor lineage can develop into follicle cells or Sertoli cells. | gonad | 0.514706 | neutral |
3KA7IJSNW65H9AJU8WQWUQHUT88PBS | biomed | However, expression of Sertoli cell markers was not previously detected in these mutants during fetal stages [ 8, 29], leading to the conclusion that Wnt4 was not involved in primary sex determination in the gonad. | gonad | 0.633333 | difficult |
31KPKEKW4ADELTFARBB6FPGML0X0BX | biomed | Moreover, no cataract formation was observed in the alphaB knockout lenses. | cataract | 0.4 | neutral |
3D4BBDG7ZHWTCQ6DOYPKS7KB6XG3C1 | biomed | Of the four AMPAR constituents, GluR-A to D (GluR1 to 4), which form tetrameric channels with different binary subunit combinations, GluR-B is contained in the majority of AMPARs. | constituents | 0.4 | neutral |
3LN3BXKGC0V3K0O604W5NVGN2IYGWQ | biomed | Because synapsis occurs in TRIP13-deficient spermatocytes and is dependent on DSB formation (activity of SPO11 and MEI1), we suggest that TRIP13 functions after homology recognition and strand exchange, and that recombination events entering the CO repair pathway are either completed or nearly so (because OA treated resulted in bivalent chromosomes). | strand | 0.402778 | neutral |
3ZG552ORAM40QHGUBF6KZP38LQR2VJ | biomed | Agouti protein has a short radius of action (Silvers and Russel 1955) and can be switched on and off during a single hair cycle (Bultman et al. 1992, 1994; Miller et al. 1993; Vrieling et al. 1994); thus, its regulated expression is thought to be responsible for the cream-colored or yellow ventral surface of mice carrying the black-and-tan (at) allele and for the yellow markings around the feet, ears, or head, i.e., tan points or head spots, of certain dog breeds. | Russel | 0.402778 | neutral |
34R0BODSP1ZBN3DVY8J8XSIY55F5EH | biomed | The three members of the vertebrate TIF1 family (α, β, and γ) are large nuclear proteins that each contain an N-terminal RBCC or TRIM domain (Reymond et al. 2001) composed of a RING finger, two B-boxes, and a coiled-coil domain. | RING | 0.402778 | neutral |
3K2CEDRACB1BKTGYG2PPDGTLUASTML | biomed | These data jointly indicate that battenin resides in a subset of vesicular compartments linking multiple membrane trafficking pathways, perhaps functioning in vesicular transport and/or fusion. | trafficking | 0.404762 | neutral |
33N1S8XHHMLAAG38T8V9FC6ZHVP1Z7 | biomed | In the platelet aggregation experiments the initial aggregation velocity was slightly, but significantly lower in platelets lacking annexin A7. | velocity | 0.404762 | neutral |
3ZZAYRN1I6RZKW1ATI425KIQPB5OTV | biomed | While these apparent outcome disparities among experimental systems remain unclear, they could potentially result from variations in redundancies and compensatory mechanisms inherent to each experimental system. | variations | 0.40625 | neutral |
3CMIQF80GNQW3A3ECIODJFLCK4C6QA | biomed | In addition, Ca2+ ions can drive spiculation of the membrane bilayer without involving the cytoskeleton [52]. | ions | 0.40625 | neutral |
3JHB4BPSFK9JLT5CAPRP3PCEA4MQ95 | biomed | In neurons Ca2+ ions play major roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes [20-25]. | ions | 0.425 | neutral |
3VGET1QSZ0ZKR7D571SBHI3U3FKW78 | biomed | Annexin A7, the first annexin to be described, was isolated as the agent that mediated aggregation of chromaffin granules and fusion of membranes and phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+-ions [3]. | ions | 0.45 | neutral |
3CKVGCS3PG5D2FWC2XX15EQMPOE0ST | biomed | Biochemical studies also demonstrate that TIF1γ forms both homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers with TIF1α but not with TIF1β (Peng et al. 2002). | Peng | 0.407895 | neutral |
3XEDXEGFX3OFEWJ4XOOZESZC8U0K0V | biomed | Positional cloning identifies the mon gene as the zebrafish ortholog of mammalian transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ), a member of the TIF1 family of transcriptional coactivators and corepressors (Le Douarin et al. 1995; Friedman et al. 1996; Kim et al. 1996; Venturini et al. 1999; Peng et al. 2002). | Peng | 0.515625 | neutral |
3K3G488TR280K6307ZE8R97CO83Q5E | biomed | In contrast to our findings, Peng et al. [19] reported that M-opsin expression is mildly increased in the rd7 mutant retina. | Peng | 0.535714 | neutral |
3YOAVL4CA0HR2F0RGQEBDAD2TFYZ4H | biomed | As illustrated in Figure 4 the 2M donor region exhibits strong sex effects on the rate of lipid storage, dependent on background. | lipid | 0.410714 | neutral |
3WPCIUYH1A88GZAL39QMUQ6RLW0TD3 | biomed | Furthermore, they contain sorcin and annexin A7 attached to the lipid rafts. | lipid | 0.460526 | neutral |
3VJ4PFXFJ37PI5MYJ4PU9LKNJ7AAU9 | biomed | Evidence suggests that the production of reactive oxygen species is a major effect of acute cadmium toxicity (68,69), and exposure of cultured cells or animals to cadmium is associated with depletion of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage (70–73). | lipid | 0.483333 | neutral |
3LAZVA75NIR50X7XA3K64X90PX02ON | biomed | Furthermore, annexin A7 associates with lipid rafts [7]. | lipid | 0.515625 | neutral |
3JMNNNO3B14D56GZ1PBGLRMMSZZ2WZ | biomed | No significant differences between Slc26a4+/+ and Slc26a4-/- mice were found in perilymphatic (Fig. 2a) or plasma K+ concentrations (Slc26a4+/+, 4.9 ± 0.3 mM, n = 6; Slc26a4-/-, 5.1 ± 0.3 mM, n = 6). | K | 0.410714 | neutral |
3ZG552ORAM40QHGUBF6KZP38LRP2VJ | biomed | Expression of key proteins involved in the generation of the endocochlear potential and the transport of K+ was studied using confocal immunocytochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. | K | 0.428571 | neutral |
3PKJ68EHDNWVECJIDBV8J5YGFN0JHX | biomed | However, several physiological studies have suggested that quinine can directly activate G proteins or cationic conductances, or can block K+ channels in taste receptor cells [34-36]. | K | 0.460526 | neutral |
3QREJ3J433XSBS8QMHAICCR0BSGKL9 | biomed | K+ secretion and the generation of the endocochlear potential were measured using electrophysiological techniques. | K | 0.5 | neutral |
3JHB4BPSFK9JLT5CAPRP3PCEA5KQ95 | biomed | Since the constitutive Na+/K+ ATPase pump and the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamine to glutamate (both fundamental to maintain the electrical activity in the CNS) consumes the vast majority of the energy produced by the CNS [45–47], this likely underlies the suppression of the electrophysiological output responses of retinal neurons (Figure 8). | K | 0.5 | neutral |
3G4VVJO6PZGI2DNOE93PTT0KG2CKP2 | biomed | Thus it is tempting to relate the cardiac problems in the mouse to the apparent broader range of substrate utilization of mouse MCAD. | substrate | 0.411765 | neutral |
3AQN9REUTFG4XL9FDFDL27Y60ZGDYC | biomed | The DNA substrate contains a pair of mutated GFP genes (GFP encodes the easily detected green fluorescent protein), one of which contains a restriction site for I-SceI, a yeast intron encoded endonuclease with an 18 base pair recognition site. | substrate | 0.53125 | neutral |
3OB6JN3A9QPY4E36CDKUD1S36P0RMB | biomed | In this report, in order to clarify the mode of action of the Mcm helicase and obtain insight into how it may function at the replication forks in vivo, we have conducted detailed analyses of helicase action and DNA binding of mouse Mcm4/6/7 helicase using various forked and bubble substrate DNAs. | substrate | 0.55 | neutral |
3SMIWMMK615MPIP1K9LMRAHEBQIUW9 | biomed | The first step requires generating a floxed allele in ES cells that will serve as the substrate for subsequent exchanges (RMCE-ready ES cell, Figure 1). | substrate | 0.555556 | neutral |
3TFJJUELSHP4R8AUKYBF9XFJ0JBC2U | biomed | Moynahan et al [24] have used such a GFP recombination substrate to demonstrate that cells with defective BRCA2 protein are deficient in their ability to repair the I-SceI-induced DSB through homologous recombination. | substrate | 0.625 | difficult |
3YOAVL4CA0HR2F0RGQEBDAD2TFSZ4B | biomed | Several mutations and genes have been identified that affect the pattern of hair follicle development, but Tbx15 is the only gene of which we are aware that affects the pattern of hair pigmentation in different body regions. | follicle | 0.411765 | neutral |
39RRBHZ0AU1QWSJ60MFYM0DF6ZPZVN | biomed | Expression of Sry in these bipotential cells leads to their differentiation as testis-specific Sertoli cells rather than as follicle cells, the parallel cell type of the ovary [ 2]. | follicle | 0.446429 | neutral |
3H1C3QRA01JWMOMADI6GBYO8XM7CE2 | biomed | Many studies support the view that cells in the undifferentiated gonad are bipotential; the supporting cell precursor lineage can develop into follicle cells or Sertoli cells. | follicle | 0.515625 | neutral |
3P6ENY9P79WZJ1ZCVTA874JG27JHIP | biomed | However, earlier findings of normal proprioceptive afferent trajectories in chicken embryos despite injection of function-blocking NT-3 antibody into the spinal cord (Oakley et al. 1995) led them to discount this possibility. | trajectories | 0.411765 | neutral |
3A9LA2FRWSEW9WO7UFA9AE6VQKMXH4 | biomed | Interestingly, heterozygous crosses involving the Capn4 transgenic line generated by Zimmerman and colleagues yielded progeny with a similar, if less extreme, skewing in favor of the heterozygous genotype. | skewing | 0.411765 | neutral |
3909MD9T2ZH3P06K4KWHJ49BUZZFEG | biomed | Studies of X-chromosome inactivation in carrier females have demonstrated preferential inactivation of the chromosome bearing the abnormal allele in a variety of tissues [2], and this skewing of X-inactivation is thought to explain the mild phenotype observed in carriers. | skewing | 0.483333 | neutral |
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