id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3RWSQDNYL9MVVE6GZVGN1MUB60DFFX | biomed | The synthetic AVP analog, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP; also called desmopressin), is a potent agonist of AVPR2. | analog | 0.458333 | neutral |
3WKGUBL7SZM7XQJN1PN25V24E6LL4F | biomed | There have been several reports of m-calpain involvement in cell proliferation in certain circumstances, including reports of its involvement in chromosome segregation during mitosis [44] as well as during meiosis [45]. | mitosis | 0.460526 | neutral |
3V7ICJJAZAGVKHXBACY8RS6Z2D5B4I | biomed | The inconsistent liver and cardiac lesions in these mice is analogous with the significant inter- and intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity seen in MCAD deficiency in humans [1,20]. | inter | 0.460526 | neutral |
3K3IX1W4S6RCQ0E22IQ0ZFXOBQIAPD | biomed | In summary, this study reports marked differences in two inbred strains of mice, B6 and A/J, in arterial thrombosis formation in a FeCl3 vascular injury model, rebleeding time in a tail bleeding assay, plasminogen function, and tissue and vessel collagen deposition. | deposition | 0.461538 | neutral |
3M93N4X8HKNK4LXYO577NJ5IOXOJSN | biomed | Vertebrates also have DM domain genes, and analysis to date, although limited, has shown that these genes also control sexual differentiation. | Vertebrates | 0.461538 | neutral |
3UXQ63NLAAMRIP4WG4XPD98AOY7BLG | biomed | One of the challenges of such an array will be to design unique probes with which to represent each gene. | probes | 0.464286 | neutral |
309D674SHZLYFLAQ3R4QAQINUPOCBW | biomed | Sitosterolemic patients have diagnostically elevated plasma plant sterol levels (for example, sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and avenosterol, etc.) and their 5-saturated stanol metabolites, particularly sitostanol, with normal or only moderately increased cholesterol levels. | metabolites | 0.464286 | neutral |
33QQ60S6ASITHSOGR2S1KF8AAL40UE | biomed | Fatty acids and their metabolites can activate PPARδ. | metabolites | 0.5625 | neutral |
3WA2XVDZEMH767D93RTDPYWY10Q6EY | biomed | MCAD-deficient patients have abnormal plasma and urine metabolites associated with the medium chain–length enzyme specificity. | metabolites | 0.588235 | neutral |
3Z33IC0JC0MBQ11TWOLZ9CBMRW6V99 | biomed | Pulmonary hypoplasia associated with these diaphragmatic defects causes severe mortality and morbidity. | morbidity | 0.464286 | neutral |
3CO05SML7V5110WZN8XWF4LQ3MV0R5 | biomed | The heritability of these defects is unclear, as the high morbidity and mortality limit the collection of multigenerational families for analysis. | morbidity | 0.486111 | neutral |
3UOMW19E6D6WQ5TH2HDD74IVKT2C5V | biomed | Reactive oxygen species cause many damaging reactions including denaturation of proteins, cross-linking of lipids and proteins and modification of nucleic acid bases, which can lead to cancer [7]. | lipids | 0.464286 | neutral |
3T8DUCXY0N6WD9X4RTLK8UN1UBL9T2 | biomed | In the present paper we have analyzed female mice that previously had undergone a reproductive study (Liljander M, Sällström MA, Andersson S, Wernhoff P, Andersson Å, Holmdahl R, Mattsson R, unpublished data). | MA | 0.464286 | neutral |
30P8I9JKOILSPEZHTY8IXW6K50J5VO | biomed | YT, MA and TF have made substantial contributions to conception and design of the experiments and drafting of the manuscript. | MA | 0.55 | neutral |
3A3KKYU7P3H3CAKSB7U0000KY4FWMJ | biomed | The mice used in the present study, (NFR/N × B10.Q) × B10.Q females, first underwent a genetic study of reproduction, in which a number of loci associated with breeding performance were identified (Liljander M, Sällström MA, Andersson S, Wernhoff P, Andersson Å, Holmdahl R, Mattsson R; unpublished data). | MA | 0.59375 | neutral |
3HUR21WDDUPIVREW4FEXWE1YGGUXYY | biomed | MA performed FPLC analysis. | MA | 0.625 | difficult |
3TKXBROM5TAVA7U2JTDTJHZVFZMJIV | biomed | Using 17 RI lines and 762 chromosomal markers, we have restricted the quinine taste QTL to a < 5 Mb region on distal chromosome 6 that contains 24 Tas2r genes. | quinine | 0.464286 | neutral |
31S7M7DAGGQREBYDGQOAD3EWU52LTB | biomed | This observation is consistent with a polygenic basis for quinine taste [16,26]. | quinine | 0.5 | neutral |
3P4C70TRMRHN96C7WQP3EKZ74BZLG7 | biomed | Quinine may directly activate G proteins, and both quinine and denatonium can block K+ channels [31-36] ; caffeine, another bitter-tasting substance, directly inhibits intracellular phosphodiesterase [33]. | quinine | 0.55 | neutral |
34F34TZU7WZRZMG0UQS1W1SEQ3PJ2K | biomed | SM assisted with the in silico analysis of the quinine taste QTL and the Tas2rs, and with the QTL analysis. | quinine | 0.642857 | difficult |
3QX22DUVOOHQXLKNLXP4EYH6RW6MVU | biomed | Furthermore, a number of physiological studies have suggested that the transduction of some amphiphilic bitter compounds, such as quinine and denatonium benzoate, may stimulate taste receptor cells independently of GPCRs (e.g. [30]). | quinine | 0.71875 | difficult |
37J05LC5AXJE2WEGRFCISKJINUEDJN | biomed | EH carried out the vascular injury model and analyses and the tail bleeding assay, participated in the tail collagen analyses, and coordination of the mouse breeding. | assay | 0.466667 | neutral |
3B6F54KMR2CD94HUYG11JJ9WUHH1SW | biomed | AS developed and performed the tail bleeding assay and participated in drafting the manuscript. | assay | 0.529412 | neutral |
3R16PJFTS3RWDK15GPB1QVPPP7EK4B | biomed | CK performed luciferase assay using Y79 retinoblastoma cells. | assay | 0.553571 | neutral |
3FULMHZ7OUXR381811OH58HTEBB4M0 | biomed | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two inbred strains of mice for prothrombotic risk, utilizing a ferric chloride vascular injury model, tail bleeding assay, and measures of coagulation and fibrinolysis. | assay | 0.625 | difficult |
3WRKFXQBOB7L5WP15TEWT4EJS3VYI4 | biomed | Although our results in the immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the N-terminal constructs lacking a SAM domain still interact with each other, these results do not fit into the head-to-tail polymer model. | assay | 0.638889 | difficult |
3VDVA3ILIDFAJZ833G7KU5QT65UG1W | biomed | KCNQ1 and KCNE1, subunits of the secretory K+ channel, were co-localized in the apical membrane of strial marginal cells; the Na+/2Cl-/K+ cotransporter SLC12A2, which is located in the basolateral membrane of strial marginal cells, was found in stria vascularis; and the gap junction protein GJB2 was found in spiral ligament of Slc26a4+/+ and Slc26a4-/- mice (Fig. 8). | ligament | 0.466667 | neutral |
3RSBJ6YZECQP1RJ9YYZDOG3PY1ZFOE | biomed | JMW, TC, PH-M and MEM drafted the manuscript and RC contributed to its finalization. | RC | 0.46875 | neutral |
3FO95NVK5C0129GBWAGGPAR9YECRSH | biomed | MEM and RC contributed to the conception of this study. | RC | 0.725 | difficult |
3NCN4N1H1GHH6P7HSHD4Q1CZTT7BNI | biomed | We obtained a conditional allele of Bmp4, in which exon 4 is flanked by loxP sites, from Dr. Holger Kulessa and Dr. Brigid Hogan [16]. | Hogan | 0.46875 | neutral |
3DWNFENNE3V120VNY4BPPGPCAHM4J2 | biomed | In particular, loss-of-function mutations in the polarity gene crumbs (CRB1) have been shown to cause morphological abnormalities of the ONL in both humans and mice, including rosette formation in mice very similar to that seen in the rd7 mutant [48,49]. | rosette | 0.46875 | neutral |
33N1S8XHHMLAAG38T8V9FC6ZHWHZ1Z | biomed | In addition to the ERG findings, patients with ESCS have dysmorphic retinas with rosette formation in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) where photoreceptor cell bodies reside, and a slow retinal degeneration that can ultimately lead to complete blindness [12–14]. | rosette | 0.546875 | neutral |
3SX4X51T809U5021NIDLAFSY1LMAOW | biomed | The final common feature between mouse rd7 and human NR2E3 mutants is the presence of an abnormally laminated retina with waviness and rosette formation in the ONL [12–15]. | rosette | 0.589286 | neutral |
3AFT28WXLF29BILZZ65YRDGHEUPIO8 | biomed | Human patients with ESCS display three types of abnormality attributable to the retina: (1) an atypical ERG waveform that is preferentially sensitive to short-wavelength light, (2) slowly progressive retinal degeneration, and (3) abnormal retinal lamination with rosette formation [1,12,13]. | rosette | 0.6 | difficult |
3GV1I4SEO9PLCDN1KDGH2TMIAXX6LR | biomed | There are also no published reports of the crystallization of this enzyme. | crystallization | 0.46875 | neutral |
3VO4XFFP15MF7AHJVST5PTL8FEYQ7T | biomed | The cause of this abnormality is not known, but it is possibly related to defects in photoreceptor cell polarity in the rd7 mutant. | polarity | 0.46875 | neutral |
304QEQWKZPKY4N4JVGGSL9GLSZFO0O | biomed | The process must be accompanied by alterations in the proliferation, polarity, shape, and adhesiveness of selected cells, as well as by modifications in their underlying basal lamina. | polarity | 0.470588 | neutral |
3P0I4CQYVY7RCD54ON9DS4PPT4UWOY | biomed | Further, although the polymorphism assessed typically resides within a gene known to protect bronchial epithelium from carcinogens, oxidants, or DNA damage, the selection of the particular polymorphism for study is largely empiric, and not based on known functional properties. | oxidants | 0.46875 | neutral |
35YHTYFL1G3KRBS6ZALRJ8XXUU1FVL | biomed | These interactions suggest that APC can potentially regulate many cellular functions, including intercellular adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, regulation of plakoglobin levels, regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, orientation of asymmetric stem cell division, and control of cell polarization [2,3]. | polarization | 0.46875 | neutral |
39N6W9XWRDN795J6F5ET8S13DQ3YGC | biomed | In contrast to variable memory, olfactory discrimination and learning performances appeared already saturated by even moderate extents of Cre expression, and hence moderate changes in AMPAR properties. | Cre | 0.470588 | neutral |
3BAWBGQGYLZ7CID0HRNFVGKGW6J7VA | biomed | We observed a few fluorescent cells only when the Cre expression plasmid was co-electroporated, suggesting that such cells resulted from RMCE. | Cre | 0.59375 | neutral |
3CVDZS288H011OYXLIK0WCEK31PMFB | biomed | Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) approaches were developed to improve targeting efficiency using a two-step process: the gene of interest is first replaced by a selection cassette flanked by recombinase target sites (e.g. loxP sites for Cre recombinase, to create a ‘floxed’ locus). | Cre | 0.6875 | difficult |
3IKDQS3DQE082TOW91W7WDM0PFDICG | biomed | These mice were mated with a strain carrying Cre recombinase under the control of the human Keratin 14 (K14) promoter, which is active in basal cells of epidermis and other stratified epithelia. | Cre | 0.783333 | difficult |
3BPP3MA3TCKPPSGGQVZFEHEVRVFLEL | biomed | The three major limb phenotypes revealed by eliminating Bmpr1a with Gdf5-driven Cre include webbing between digits, lack of joint formation at specific locations in the ankle, and failure to maintain articular cartilage after birth, resulting in severe arthritis. | Cre | 0.825 | very difficult |
3UQVX1UPFSHKXGFE8IIVEWDIRUK02V | biomed | Deletion of PCH2 delays meiotic progression by ∼2 h in SK1 yeast, and causes a minor decrease in ascus formation [50]. | Deletion | 0.470588 | neutral |
31SIZS5W59FPPT1Y46RBUAC8GQXQRX | biomed | Broze et al [29] evaluated mice with gene deletions of the coagulation pathway and found that while bleeding time was not increased, rebleeding persisted despite electrocautery of the tail in FVIII and FIX deficient mice. | coagulation | 0.470588 | neutral |
3XBYQ44Z6P47P5ACK4VCMEVCSC5WTE | biomed | The tail-bleeding assay has been used extensively in mice to assess the impact of deficiencies and over expression of platelet and coagulation proteins in mice. | coagulation | 0.513158 | neutral |
371QPA24C2OEO4U9NG6RTO5IWZ2T1I | biomed | Overall, the marked increase in rebleeding times observed in certain mouse strains suggests genetic factors other than coagulation may play a role in the stability of a thrombus. | coagulation | 0.571429 | neutral |
3HXK2V1N4KFH8KQZMK7YZO0YYC12GU | biomed | Marked differences were found in the thrombotic response among the two inbred strains, B6 and A/J, and the observed differences were not correlated with change in coagulation or platelet function. | coagulation | 0.625 | difficult |
3W1K7D6QSBHBNEL0V5OYLOJ8379ZBH | biomed | 6 was strongly associated with lung inflammation, consisting of mononuclear cell interstitial infiltration and fibrosis in CF mouse airways; and other loci on chr. | fibrosis | 0.470588 | neutral |
30OITAWPBQ368069RZ4VUBKDJIO9HS | biomed | It has been suggested that ABCG5 and ABCG8 act as mutual chaperones for both maturation and correct apical targeting. | chaperones | 0.470588 | neutral |
3EN4YVUOUCSS02JXIFDUMRMA3CQXJ9 | biomed | Notably, TRIP13 has two putative ATPase domains, a signature of AAA-ATPase ClpA/B chaperones that perform protein or protein/DNA complex disassembly [52]. | chaperones | 0.546875 | neutral |
3BC9H1KCYUC36R96UAIBUVNR7ETYWB | biomed | Among histone chaperones, chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) is a three-subunit (p150, p60, and p48) complex which promotes histone H3 and H4 deposition onto newly synthesized DNA during replication or DNA repair [9,10]. | chaperones | 0.609375 | difficult |
3S829FDFT21FXGJ58JRJJTRXYSTDXB | biomed | Mutual inductive interactions between the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme drive nephrogenesis [1]. | drive | 0.472222 | neutral |
3PIOQ99R7YMW2OGNS8UZVR4NIF7NU6 | biomed | Therefore, electrophyological studies to enable analysis of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebellum of ADAM11-deficient mice will be needed. | plasticity | 0.472222 | neutral |
3D42WVSDH8V1V5NB4L8BQ71RCB3YFD | biomed | Adult skeletal muscle shows plasticity and can undergo conversion between different fiber types in response to exercise training or modulation of motoneuron activity (Booth and Thomason 1991, Jarvis et al. 1996; Pette 1998; Olson and Williams 2000; Hood 2001). | plasticity | 0.484375 | neutral |
3EQPA8A374WH5XJCJX1FJC2LBCOZJ8 | biomed | It has been reported that adhesion molecules, such as neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), are not only implicated in cell interactions during nervous system development, but are also recognised as important mediators of synaptic plasticity in the adult nervous system [35]. | plasticity | 0.566667 | neutral |
3T5ZXGO9DEOYRKNPENLOGDE7P7GZQZ | biomed | We have previously reported the expression of Annexin A7 in human temporal neocortex and hippocampus obtained from neurosurgery for therapy-refractory epilepsy and found the two Annexin A7 isoforms restricted to the cytoplasm and nuclei of astrocytes, whereas neurons lacked any signal [19]. | neocortex | 0.475 | neutral |
311HQEI8RSGOL2IAIOCIGMXCKHIZ7V | biomed | The hippocampal area showed typical signs of Ammon's horn sclerosis, but the adjacent temporal neocortex tissue did not show any histopathological alterations. | neocortex | 0.5 | neutral |
3W3RSPVVGSR6EOD2GVEKIZ0YDJEULG | biomed | Gradients of Pax6 expression are important for determining positional characteristics in the retina [18] and the neocortex [7]. | neocortex | 0.527778 | neutral |
3BAWBGQGYLZ7CID0HRNFVGKGW7AV7R | biomed | The different expression patterns of Annexin A7-positive cells from the ventricular germinative zone to the marginal zone of the later neocortex observed in this study are similar to the developmental patterns of Tenascin-C-positive astroglial precursors following the guidance of the radial glial cells [18]. | neocortex | 0.694444 | difficult |
3U18MJKL1UM0GUZN6H9Z1LIHBE2CNL | biomed | At older ages (9–12 mo) amyloid deposits were visible in the thalamus, which has also been observed in mice expressing mutant APP via the Thy-1 promoter. | APP | 0.47619 | neutral |
3PA41K45VN4U7YG4VFEGPOVYAICP71 | biomed | Nonetheless, the role of microglia in both the human condition and the mouse models is poorly understood, and differences in microglial reactivity between the two could lead to significantly faster amyloid clearance in the brains of patients with AD than we observe in the tet-off APP mice. | APP | 0.5 | neutral |
3Z33IC0JC0MBQ11TWOLZ9CBMRW19VI | biomed | Consistent with this hypothesis, strong activation of microglia through transgenic expression of TGFβ [58] or central injection of lipopolysaccharide [59,60] can by itself substantially reduce plaque burden in APP transgenic mice. | APP | 0.514706 | neutral |
3OCZWXS7ZO7PT9NNFU6CAN8IE2GL5K | biomed | These data may indicate that the neuroactive culprit is not immediately present after transgenic APP synthesis is initiated, but requires additional time to develop. | APP | 0.611111 | difficult |
37SDSEDIN92VQK2LKIVW2S9VINA813 | biomed | As in our tet-off APP mice, SantaCruz et al. found that tau neurofibrillary tangles, like amyloid plaques, are not cleared efficiently following transgene suppression. | APP | 0.692308 | difficult |
3Q2T3FD0ON86LCI41NJYV3PN0BFM3X | biomed | Moreover, it remains unclear how genetic background influences the function of molecules and pathways known to regulate thrombus formation and lysis and, thereby, contributes to the risk of thrombotic disease. | thrombus | 0.477273 | neutral |
32XN26MTXZJQY21MIO00TSCRXV30LE | biomed | In preliminary studies, we have noted differences in the composition of the thrombus in B6 and A/J mice. | thrombus | 0.516667 | neutral |
3DA79LNS59VAY78OAKKAHHKFUJB3TF | biomed | Overall, the marked increase in rebleeding times observed in certain mouse strains suggests genetic factors other than coagulation may play a role in the stability of a thrombus. | thrombus | 0.546875 | neutral |
3YLTXLH3DF6R0NMG8O0SG1KSOLEHP1 | biomed | This observation raised the possibility that rebleeding time may be a sensitive reporter of genetic influences on thrombus formation and stability. | thrombus | 0.616667 | difficult |
3OB6JN3A9QPY4E36CDKUD1S36PURM5 | biomed | After FeCl3 treatment, thrombus formation and occlusion was remarkably shortened in the A/J mice compared to the B6 mice. | thrombus | 0.833333 | very difficult |
3VLL1PIENQOV68A9ZATKR8J7A6YOZG | biomed | The similarities between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in man and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice are well established, although differences in the disease pattern exist [1-3]. | RA | 0.477273 | neutral |
36MUZ9VAE626RGSODE1RV46QINBDEX | biomed | The incidence of CIA is sex dependent, like the incidence in RA, although different species and different variants of the disease could lead to both male and female predominance. | RA | 0.5875 | neutral |
3XU9MCX6VOC8XAZD2V1AYSE50KER2F | biomed | In the mouse model of RA, small genetic contributions are also often observed. | RA | 0.8125 | very difficult |
3XDJY5RK5SLAGG6HA3F3WIYNRXK4UY | biomed | Rosette formation and abnormally wavy epithelia are common sequelae of defects in pathways controlling cell polarity [46,47]. | Rosette | 0.480769 | neutral |
3F6045TU7DODTUOQTNG3HUMP04I992 | biomed | It has been reported that ADAM2-null and ADAM3-null male mutants are infertile and their spermatozoa lack egg-binding abilities [10-12]. | spermatozoa | 0.483333 | neutral |
35O6H0UNLSGJYJZNC9UZU8VQADH5J8 | biomed | Genetic deletion studies in mice have shown that both Adam2-null and Adam3-null male mutants are infertile and their spermatozoa lack egg-binding abilities [14-16]. | spermatozoa | 0.7125 | difficult |
389A2A304OIXVY7G5B71Q9M43LXC0G | biomed | Intermediate cells protect stria vascularis by converting CO2 to HCO3 - and by detoxifying free radicals (Fig. 9). | radicals | 0.483333 | neutral |
3YGE63DIN8X69WDLM27223T7V27W03 | biomed | Function and expression of other K+ channels has been shown to be controlled by the cytosolic pH and free radicals, which encode the metabolic state of the cell [39]. | radicals | 0.571429 | neutral |
3GONHBMNHVY765PXMUE7Z4U2F6EMZU | biomed | Developmental lung abnormalities are also relatively common in SLOS patients, including pulmonary hypoplasia, abnormal pulmonary lobation and pulmonary arteries, anomalies of laryngeal and tracheal development [18]. | tracheal | 0.483333 | neutral |
3MZ3TAMYTLNC8VDFRYM2L8LMPGGRIV | biomed | To further ensure we could detect any such insoluble aggregates that might bias our measure of changes in peptide synthesis, we performed a sequential three-step extraction with PBS, 2% SDS, and 70% FA that would separate peptides by solubility. | peptides | 0.484375 | neutral |
3SCKNODZ0XGU4D4RF01OLZQ3A3B7NN | biomed | Of these, DsRed1 (referred to as drFP585 by Matz et al., [12]), a 28 kDa protein isolated from the IndoPacific sea anemone Discosoma sp, posseses the longest excitation (558 nm) and emission (583 nm) wavelength maxima known for a wild-type autofluorescent protein. | anemone | 0.484375 | neutral |
3HXK2V1N4KFH8KQZMK7YZO0YYC1G28 | biomed | Since the emission profiles of ECFP and EYFP are the least overlapping of all the usable GFP variants, these ECFP and EYFP currently represent the best combination for co-visualization and for use in multi-spectral double-tagged transgenic, chimeric and/or in vivo FRET experiments (reviewed in [16]). | emission | 0.484375 | neutral |
3EAWOID6MTXTU7DGWS26G1ATOT4V0R | biomed | To protect themselves from free radical damage, intermediate cells generate glutathione and melanin pigment [34-37]. | melanin | 0.484375 | neutral |
3PIOQ99R7YMW2OGNS8UZVR4NIEENUB | biomed | Transcription of apparent 'singleton' olfactory receptor genes (0.5 Mb or more from the nearest other olfactory receptor gene) suggests that there is no absolute requirement for genomic clustering for an olfactory receptor to be transcribed, consistent with observations that small olfactory receptor transgenes can be expressed correctly when integrated outside native olfactory receptor clusters [35]. | Mb | 0.484375 | neutral |
3XQ4XW3OD9CKYPZQHK1FO2J1MMXS24 | biomed | Rather, they get trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). | reticulum | 0.484375 | neutral |
3OREP8RUT2BBWXQV5D090H32SHLBGA | biomed | In vitro studies using the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line demonstrated an endoplasmic reticulum pattern for the mutant protein, and apparent resistance to translocation. | reticulum | 0.532609 | neutral |
31KPKEKW4ADELTFARBB6FPGML0WB07 | biomed | Itpr1 is coupled to Ca2+ channels and facilitates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum after binding by the intracellular second messenger inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [9]. | reticulum | 0.583333 | neutral |
3K2CEDRACB1BKTGYG2PPDGTLUBQMTE | biomed | Based upon classical N-glycosylation maturation it would appear that Abcg5/sterolin-1, in the Abcg8-/- mice, does not exit the endoplasmic reticulum. | reticulum | 0.65625 | difficult |
3HA5ODM5KASTVGXS5ULQQ7GCJKVSVH | biomed | Two prominent pathologies were characterized in the Crx-/- retina: (1) An absolute block in outer segment morphogenesis was noted, with the block occuring at the elongation stage of outer segment formation; (2) Crx-/- photoreceptors exhibited a severe perturbation in synapse formation. | synapse | 0.484375 | neutral |
3B623HUYJ4QVK41FX1AGYTW48NN8SN | biomed | Certain features of neuronal differentiation, such as synapse formation, can be detected definitively at this level of analysis. | synapse | 0.5 | neutral |
3HRWUH63QU2FH9Q8R7MRNFC7JXGN5O | biomed | Homologous chromosomes must pair, synapse, undergo recombination, and segregate properly to opposite poles. | synapse | 0.533333 | neutral |
37J05LC5AXJE2WEGRFCISKJINU9JDO | biomed | Rod spherules establish an invaginating synapse with rod bipolar dendrites and axonal endings of horizontal cells. | synapse | 0.55 | neutral |
3V0TR1NRVA2Q17SJ4YYCWHMTKVKA4M | biomed | The segmentation gene-encoding transcriptional repressors such as Hunchback have a role in recruiting SAM domain-containing PcG proteins, which can spread along the template via polymerization [42]. | Hunchback | 0.484375 | neutral |
34OWYT6U3WH64VHTXHMGUNLSJU5I9U | biomed | To what extent the pregnancy history (parity) affects the incidence of CIA later in life has, to our knowledge, not previously been studied. | parity | 0.485294 | neutral |
33KGGVH24UHL5L3TSQ7OIRQO9WIX1Z | biomed | The pachytene stage of prophase involves tremendous chromosomal changes as the homologs align, synapse, and recombine. | recombine | 0.485294 | neutral |
3EQVJH0T40LPSFFNP59CLBLPDOZHT6 | biomed | CIA = collagen-induced arthritis; CII = collagen type II; LOD = logarithm of the odds; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; QTL = quantitative trait locus; RA = rheumatoid arthritis. | LOD | 0.485294 | neutral |
3PCPFX4U40QSM3WPDBRHDLYPD2HQFX | biomed | Analysis of these data showed a single genomic region with significant linkage to disease, providing a two-point LOD score of 5.13 at marker 20. | LOD | 0.75 | difficult |
3TD33TP5DL2AM6DSJD8Z4VSZUN1ABS | biomed | To ensure that Aβ production was suppressed in concert with the dox-mediated inhibition of its precursor APPswe/ind, we measured Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels by ELISA in forebrain homogenates from young tet-off animals. | forebrain | 0.491667 | neutral |
371Q3BEXDH9A40226RATBDT87V1ZSO | biomed | Plaques were limited to the forebrain, including the cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and striatum, where the CaMKIIα promoter is known to be most active [16,28] (Figure S2). | forebrain | 0.5 | neutral |
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