id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3HUR21WDDUPIVREW4FEXWE1YGGZYX4 | biomed | Although such “mosaic” expression is usually undesired, here we took advantage of it by ablating GluR-B via gene-targeted, floxed GluR-B alleles with the help of a transgenic mouse line with variegated Cre expression in forebrain. | forebrain | 0.558824 | neutral |
3C8QQOM6JP115XI2MEP6ZWCNJOMLIU | biomed | Indeed, restricting the expression of Q/R site-unedited GluR-B to forebrain resulted in almost normal lifespan and an only weakly seizure-prone phenotype [58]. | forebrain | 0.583333 | neutral |
3LCXHSGDLT6CT5B6A4WGQ3SQJPNESS | biomed | The cloning and characterization of the mouse Acdp gene family are a very important step towards the elucidation of the functions of this multigene family. | elucidation | 0.5 | neutral |
371Q3BEXDH9A40226RATBDT87WUSZC | biomed | The elucidation that SLOS is caused by a defect in an enzyme necessary for cholesterol biosynthesis has improved our understanding of embryonic development. | elucidation | 0.592105 | neutral |
32204AGAABCLNATH55A5MS60NULHGR | biomed | In both of these cases, however, the genes linked to saccharin or PTC taste were not tightly clustered with paralogues. | saccharin | 0.5 | neutral |
3RWSQDNYL9MVVE6GZVGN1MUB616FFS | biomed | Characterization of Tas2r sequences of several wild mouse species or subspecies, or in other inbred lines, would shed light on this issue. | subspecies | 0.5 | neutral |
3BDORL6HKKDLVSRFZOQGA5NRCBRCR9 | biomed | Two prominent pathologies were characterized in the Crx-/- retina: (1) An absolute block in outer segment morphogenesis was noted, with the block occuring at the elongation stage of outer segment formation; (2) Crx-/- photoreceptors exhibited a severe perturbation in synapse formation. | pathologies | 0.5 | neutral |
31S7M7DAGGQREBYDGQOAD3EWU57TLO | biomed | Dual labeling experiments demonstrated that pendrin is expressed in spindle-shaped cells, which are surface epithelial cells in stria vascularis adjacent to strial marginal cells near the borders of both the spiral prominence and Reissner's membrane (Fig. 1c). | prominence | 0.5 | neutral |
3P7RGTLO6EDBF9HMPQLS3YBPHH9KAL | biomed | This QTL maps to the same chromosomal position as a previously identified QTL for quinine intake, Qui [16,28], indicating that taste is the major factor in regulating quinine aversion. | aversion | 0.5 | neutral |
3I01FDIL6M8EW0G8KU6QT3X1LJN2DK | biomed | The tif1γ gene is expressed specifically in ventral mesoderm and hematopoietic progenitors, then downregulated as erythroid maturation occurs. | progenitors | 0.5 | neutral |
3XUSYT70IT170QDU572CAF4MOL8D0G | biomed | In situ hybridisation analysis has detected Adam11 gene expression in the pyramidal cells of CA1–CA3 fields and granule cells of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and in granular cells in the cerebellum [25]. | gyrus | 0.5 | neutral |
3NZ1E5QA6Z1DG01BOHHIWKCD2885BN | biomed | Glutathione efficiently complexes cadmium (78) and scavenges free radicals and other reactive oxygen species directly, and indirectly via enzymatic reactions (45). | cadmium | 0.5 | neutral |
3K8CQCU3KE19US5SN890DFPK3UPNWA | biomed | In contrast, mice with null mutations for the stress-inducible metallothionein genes (Mt1 and Mt2) are viable, though sensitive to cadmium (24,25), indicating that additional important MTF-1 target genes are involved in the lethal phenotype. | cadmium | 0.566667 | neutral |
37G6BXQPLQL0GPWTI07BV3DP120EQ3 | biomed | In addition to metallothioneins, glutathione was postulated as a first line of defense against cadmium toxicity (77). | cadmium | 0.578947 | neutral |
3DFYDSXB2W00JYP2DA272KN69U9JU3 | biomed | Independent of MTF-1, cadmium treatment also leads to downregulation of Slc39a10 transcripts, suggesting that some other factor is mediating this response. | cadmium | 0.583333 | neutral |
3D1UCPY6GG9R0NG07M9FQLOSG6Q83V | biomed | Assuming that CSRP1 is important for the organization of cytoskeletal elements in the mouse, its upregulation by cadmium might protect the organism from damage of the cytoskeleton. | cadmium | 0.625 | difficult |
3G5RUKN2EC3YIWSKUXZ8ZVH95TZN9F | biomed | Consistent with the idea that cells in this primordium are poised between two developmental pathways, some of the genes that are involved in establishing sexual dimorphism, including Dax1 (dosage-sensitive sex reversal-congenital adrenal hypoplasia critical region on the X chromosome protein 1), Sox9 (Sry-like HMG box 9), Fgf9 (fibroblast growth factor 9), and Wnt4 (wingless-related MMTV integration site 4), are initially expressed in similar patterns in XX and XY gonads [ 3- 8]. | gonads | 0.5 | neutral |
3R5LWXWHR08I90TWA9SRPEUUBK4GXJ | biomed | In Fgf9 −/− XY gonads, cells initially embark on the Sertoli pathway, but in the absence of Fgf9 can neither maintain Sox9 expression nor establish downstream male pathways. | gonads | 0.535714 | neutral |
341H3G5YF0EA3RIQXPR917NPC3IZ01 | biomed | The loss of Sertoli cells in XY Fgf9 −/− gonads is not due to cell death, but instead to a transition of supporting cell fate as SOX9 expression is lost. | gonads | 0.671875 | difficult |
3BCRDCM0ODUAS75JZD4GNT93LXS6KO | biomed | Alterations in XPD resulting in defective TFIIH function are associated with UV-sensitive, multisystem disorders including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP combined with Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) [8–10]. | Alterations | 0.5 | neutral |
3RTFSSG7T86J6S27BVTL0NLVYZPLW6 | biomed | This is further evidenced by the presence of genetic modifiers in RanBP2+/-mice on a mixed genetic background that compensates for deficits in RanBP2 and deregulation of its partners in glucose/energy homeostasis as observed in the coisogenic line. | deregulation | 0.5 | neutral |
3PEG1BH7AERGYJMEV4LOY9VVZYXBK8 | biomed | Indeed, CLN3 overexpression in HEK-293 cells altered lysosomal pH and cathepsin D processing [17], and lysosomal pH homeostasis is disrupted in JNCL [10,15]. | homeostasis | 0.5 | neutral |
3EHIMLB7F7Z6UVNZM7YHUFP2ZBDH8G | biomed | Previous results in which annexin A7 was shown to play a role in membrane aggregation might be explained by a supportive function of annexin A7 in that it interferes with the local Ca2+ homeostasis thus influencing membrane organization. | homeostasis | 0.555556 | neutral |
3O71U79SRBPA5T3JR2KZ3BXZSRJMSU | biomed | Battenin function remains to be elucidated, although studies of btn1, the yeast CLN3 ortholog, have implicated battenin in lysosomal pH homeostasis and amino acid transport [10,11]. | homeostasis | 0.589286 | neutral |
3HO4MYYR12OOV3AVTR8ITGI1NOQ6UL | biomed | As discussed above annexin A7 could be involved in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis. | homeostasis | 0.59375 | neutral |
3KVQ0UJWPXL543ZMJ8DEJYPYC9L5WY | biomed | Still, other bona fide RanBP2 partners previously identified and described in the Introduction also become strong candidates to play a role in energy homeostasis. | homeostasis | 0.625 | difficult |
39XCQ6V3KY47AOKGSQ0AL4QLO8P56W | biomed | As in yeast, both require SPO11-induced breaks, but only the CO pathway requires MLH1. | CO | 0.5 | neutral |
3T5ZXGO9DEOYRKNPENLOGDE7P89QZL | biomed | Because synapsis occurs in TRIP13-deficient spermatocytes and is dependent on DSB formation (activity of SPO11 and MEI1), we suggest that TRIP13 functions after homology recognition and strand exchange, and that recombination events entering the CO repair pathway are either completed or nearly so (because OA treated resulted in bivalent chromosomes). | CO | 0.526316 | neutral |
3H5TOKO3D9JPE5GGELH0GCK7OCV46R | biomed | Concerning this intended switch in AMPAR properties, mice lacking all GluR-B, however, show a widespread impairment in behavior, including lethargy, motor coordination problems, and deficits in exploratory activity [51], which preclude detailed behavioral analyses. | lethargy | 0.5 | neutral |
3URJ6VVYUPNF3BMKEH3UXC6Y9BW4OL | biomed | Comments and requests should be addressed to JB or SM. | SM | 0.5 | neutral |
3D7VY91L65XBO7MHGGY4DMNZO3XMBT | biomed | Concerning odor discrimination itself, cellular mechanisms for this process are often attributed to the inhibitory circuitry of the olfactory bulb ([24–30]; reviewed in [31–33]). | circuitry | 0.5 | neutral |
3ZVPAMTJWN3YC47K1AMZ0W86A3ORG3 | biomed | In 54 wk alphaA/BKO lenses, large, irregularly shaped cells were observed, interspersed among regions of high membrane staining density per unit area. | wk | 0.510417 | neutral |
35YHTYFL1G3KRBS6ZALRJ8XXUUWFVG | biomed | At 54 wk, these cells in the alphaA/BKO lenses were larger in cross sectional diameter than wild type, and exhibited a much greater variation in the cross sectional size and cell shape. | wk | 0.55 | neutral |
308KJXFUJR6AIS79JZZK4PYL0U1ATI | biomed | If lack of protection from light-induced damage was the major factor affecting the changes in these lenses, then the bulk of the damage should have resided along the visual axis, particularly in the central anterior epithelium and subcapsular cortex in the 5 wk lenses, but this was not the case. | wk | 0.569444 | neutral |
3X2YVV51PU46GLY3ILB2G8CH0TF1WB | biomed | Affected mice presented at approximately postnatal day 14, and survival time without weaning was on average 4 wk after onset. | wk | 0.575 | neutral |
3AXFSPQOYQYB0GSCIL78GKM3Z7UFJ0 | biomed | Only the FA fraction revealed a small dox-resistant pool of peptide in acutely treated animals that we believe represents stable predeposit aggregates that have already accumulated by 4 wk of age when treatment was begun (Figure 2C). | wk | 0.725 | difficult |
3S1L4CQSFX50ZNP8OFUVNLJK9KVFAF | biomed | DRG neurons express Robo receptors, which bind to Slits, and proprioceptive axons are therefore capable of responding to Slit signals (Wang et al. 1999). | Slits | 0.511364 | neutral |
371QPA24C2OEO4U9NG6RTO5IW0W1TM | biomed | DT provided the sections the human autopsy brain, analyzed them by immunofluorescence, and contributed to the analysis of data. | DT | 0.5125 | neutral |
3KL228NDMVMCP0UPBQD2ZKMSFBPKGY | biomed | CK performed luciferase assay using Y79 retinoblastoma cells. | CK | 0.5125 | neutral |
3UXQ63NLAAMRIP4WG4XPD98AOY2BLB | biomed | The hippocampal area showed typical signs of Ammon's horn sclerosis, but the adjacent temporal neocortex tissue did not show any histopathological alterations. | sclerosis | 0.513889 | neutral |
30EMX9PEVKJFF53G6Q7JOY5V3NGSKP | biomed | RMCE also proved to be precise, as no aberrant bands were detected in PCR and Southern blots (Figure 3A). | blots | 0.514706 | neutral |
3P7QK0GJ3TLHZ1L4CCVNKVG4912Z2L | biomed | Consistent with this notion, the processivity of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mouse Mcm4/6/7 complexes is significantly stimulated on forked DNA structures and it can unwind duplex DNA of 400–500 bp (13,14). | duplex | 0.515625 | neutral |
3YGYP1364194MWO6OEZUQGH3BFARNB | biomed | Here we report an approach that enables highly efficient targeting at the p53 locus in both ES cells and fibroblasts. | locus | 0.515625 | neutral |
39O6Z4JLX2X1RXJRZ4RDPFX4YZSXVP | biomed | Likewise, we found that irradiation doses that arrested p53RMCE/− MEFs (which express a wild-type p53 from the RMCE-ready locus, see Figure 2) did not arrest p53ΔPGFP/− MEFs (Figure 5C). | locus | 0.517857 | neutral |
3ODOP6T3ASK1W4XFRJ5XQZ3V86024D | biomed | To date the STSL locus is the only one proven to be involved in dietary sterol trafficking and the identity of the others remains to be elucidated. | locus | 0.5625 | neutral |
3G5RUKN2EC3YIWSKUXZ8ZVH95TZ9N1 | biomed | Here we describe this effort and the discovery of deletion at the ITPR1 locus as a cause of this disorder in mice and of spinocerebellar ataxia 15 (SCA15) in humans. | locus | 0.5625 | neutral |
3L7SUC0TTUUA4KJ7I01FT5RGXZ0M07 | biomed | We show that our approach enables efficient targeting of marker-free mutations at the p53 locus in ES cells to generate mutant mice, but more importantly, it is Adapted for targeting in Somatic cells to Accelerate Phenotyping (ASAP). | locus | 0.6875 | difficult |
34ZTTGSNJXOC0ZNV81FHG6A2TH0HQS | biomed | Such within-ORF splicing might increase protein-coding diversity, although, given the small number of genes involved, splicing is unlikely to significantly affect the functional receptor repertoire. | repertoire | 0.516667 | neutral |
3AA88CN98P3CBRFP5WZ86KTWK7KKY1 | biomed | ESG1 was originally identified as a transcript Ph34 that was down-regulated by retinoic acid in embryonic carcinoma cells [13]. | carcinoma | 0.516667 | neutral |
31KSVEGZ34SU9QXKGFQHMZUU4R8WR1 | biomed | Interallelic complementation is defined as the ability of two differentially mutated alleles to function better together than either can on its own. | alleles | 0.516667 | neutral |
3P458N04Q1HSU6LPBU72NA0T12WX2G | biomed | Complex traits, such as polygenic growth and obesity are influenced by the small to moderate direct effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL), epistasis between QTL alleles, environmental perturbations and QTL-environment interactions. | alleles | 0.544118 | neutral |
33Q5P9PUSPMUXJD695KTW8PQLSFZCU | biomed | These mapping studies have shown that the disease expression in relation to the inheritance of the different alleles followed a threshold liability pattern in which a positive phenotype depended upon the presence of multiple discrete susceptibility loci with no single locus being a prerequisite factor. | alleles | 0.625 | difficult |
3TD33TP5DL2AM6DSJD8Z4VSZUM3BAT | biomed | Future fine mapping experiments can be designed to randomize the influences of any contaminating donor alleles and environmental differences, as well as test for maternal genotype effects. | alleles | 0.625 | difficult |
3JAOYN9IHL25ZQAUV5EJZ4GH0LW33Y | biomed | The variation in phenotype was attributed to the differences in degree of function of the truncated proteins produced from the mutant alleles. | alleles | 0.625 | difficult |
3WRAAIUSBJZHZ9GTO90HTSJRDQOXAN | biomed | Small-effect QTL are defined as those reaching the threshold value of P = 0.05 but that did not reach the significant threshold value suggested by Lander and Botstein [26]. | Lander | 0.516667 | neutral |
391JB9X4ZY8CHAQBMTBXCP6PBX6KMB | biomed | Similarly, the Y-chromosome-linked Yaa gene in BXSB and MRL/Mp males enhances the rapid development of auto-Abs and glomerulonephritis (Izui et al. 1988; Merino et al. 1989). | Merino | 0.516667 | neutral |
3NI0WFPPI9G8FHYFVKUY49UU7ZG60C | biomed | We have previously established that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ is a major transcriptional regulator of fat burning in adipose tissue through activation of enzymes associated with long-chain fatty-acid β-oxidation (Wang et al. 2003). | adipose | 0.516667 | neutral |
3MJ9GGZYO36GYTDW0KFO32PV0GQ2AI | biomed | Two of the congenics had major alterations in the deposition of adipose tissue, HG8 and HG9. | adipose | 0.566667 | neutral |
3K1H3NEY7LZ4BUOFJ9RFV7R2V2XDGJ | biomed | The HG9 strain represents a major epistasis-based obese mouse model and promises to aid in the understanding of obesity and specifically the modulation of adipose tissue deposition by Gh. | adipose | 0.566667 | neutral |
3I7SHAD35MWOMVJR3ZMO8K135D1M72 | biomed | Ubr1 and Ubce7ip5 are both involved in protein ubiquitination and Ubr1 knockout mice show an 20% decrease in body weight partly due to a reduction in adipose tissue [50,51]. | adipose | 0.625 | difficult |
3YGE63DIN8X69WDLM27223T7V270W7 | biomed | PGC-1α is enriched in brown adipose tissue (BAT), heart, slow-twitch skeletal muscle, and kidney—all tissues with high-capacity mitochondrial systems. | adipose | 0.678571 | difficult |
3B9XR6P1WEVLNZGWDJLCXUVIK9XBJ9 | biomed | This mutant demonstrates slow retinal degeneration and abnormal lamination of the ONL with rosette formation [15,16]. | lamination | 0.517857 | neutral |
31JUPBOORN48GR6PDSDFM7I9GSM8LE | biomed | Although we were unable to confirm this finding by in situ hybridization due to the weakness of the signal, it is possible that the up-regulation of crumbs in the retina is the cause of the lamination defects seen in the rd7 mutant. | lamination | 0.578125 | neutral |
3TCFMTM8HEOK450W41MVS1WSWML12U | biomed | Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV; MIM 252650) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder that is characterized by corneal clouding, delayed psychomotor development, and mental retardation that usually presents during the first year of life [1]. | corneal | 0.517857 | neutral |
37VHPF5VYC3FDNCJ0FKGJOSMMJ38CT | biomed | As an initial step, growth and carcass composition QTL were identified in a cross between CAST/EiJ (CAST) and HG [24]. | HG | 0.517857 | neutral |
3TCFMTM8HEOK450W41MVS1WSWNI21U | biomed | Two distinct speed congenic panels were developed, the first provided a comprehensive isolation of all MMU2 QTL between the B6, HG and CAST strains and the second targeted all QTL outside of MMU2. | HG | 0.616667 | difficult |
3PN6H8C9R4Q313BCX9Z5ZLGZX7FDA2 | biomed | In classical terms, they are QTL which modify the expressivity of growth and obesity in HG mice [18]. | HG | 0.716667 | difficult |
32XN26MTXZJQY21MIO00TSCRXU5L0Z | biomed | JE, TL-N, AMT, and HG participated in genotypic and additional phenotypic analysis of cell lines. | HG | 0.732143 | difficult |
3R868ACW4SC7EVTBBRGCMZA5JK7GZL | biomed | The pattern of blood flow cessation for the two inbred strains was different than for the Lepob mice [26] with impaired platelet function, and coagulation time was similar in the two strains. | cessation | 0.519231 | neutral |
39AYGO6AFFKB0DQMWQWWFLQ7FTON63 | biomed | We discovered that in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants, pharyngeal organs (thymus and parathyroid) fail to migrate appropriately. | thymus | 0.521739 | neutral |
3T6SSHJUZFAZFWAW1BST7GKV2KXIII | biomed | At the tissue level, HOMER3 expression has been detected in thymus and lung but it has mainly been studied in brain where it is found in the forebrain, hippocampus and cerebellum [39]. | thymus | 0.558824 | neutral |
3VDVA3ILIDFAJZ833G7KU5QT65P1GC | biomed | AlphaB was found to be expressed at significant levels in a variety of nonlenticular tissues, while alphaA has only been detected in small amounts in a few other tissues such as retina, spleen and thymus [8-12]. | thymus | 0.573529 | neutral |
3WRKFXQBOB7L5WP15TEWT4EJS3QIYJ | biomed | Firstly, while the pharyngeal organ migration fails in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants, perhaps as a result of increased mesenchymal cell death in the pharyngeal region, both the thymus, thyroid and parathyroid seem to develop relatively normally on the histological level in these mutants. | thymus | 0.616667 | difficult |
3O71U79SRBPA5T3JR2KZ3BXZSRESMV | biomed | It is assigned on 7q21, where several chromosomal aberrations that are accompanied by neurological disorders have been identified [29,30]. | aberrations | 0.522727 | neutral |
31S7M7DAGGQREBYDGQOAD3EWU60LTB | biomed | Thus, our panel of wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous CbCln3Δex7/8 cerebellar cells provide an ideal model system to further elucidate battenin function and JNCL pathogenesis. | cerebellar | 0.525 | neutral |
3AXFSPQOYQYB0GSCIL78GKM3Z7PJFZ | biomed | With three cerebellar ataxia families segregating a SUMF1–ITPR1 deletion, and this deletion not observed in a control population, we may reasonably conclude that the association is causal, and that the deletion is indeed the genetic basis of the disease, with SCA15 the diagnosis in the two British families as well as the original Australian family. | cerebellar | 0.592105 | neutral |
3U18MJKL1UM0GUZN6H9Z1LIHBE2NCW | biomed | To further establish genetic deletion at ITPR1 as the cause of SCA15 we analyzed two additional families with an inherited cerebellar ataxia similar to that described in the AUS1 family, ascertained through neurology clinics in London, United Kingdom. | cerebellar | 0.638889 | difficult |
3909MD9T2ZH3P06K4KWHJ49BU0RFEA | biomed | Moreover, their appetite was not altered with aging (N. Torabi and S. Richard, unpublished data), suggesting that the observed leptin reduction was not recreating ob/ob-like phenotypes related to weight, appetite and female sterility [54]. | sterility | 0.525 | neutral |
3LN50BUKPVBTMJ56Z9FQ8TDZ52HPLA | biomed | YT, MA and TF have made substantial contributions to conception and design of the experiments and drafting of the manuscript. | YT | 0.526316 | neutral |
3Z8UJEJOCZDRESZACEFTQHJ30CD39K | biomed | EM performed scanning electron microscopy. | EM | 0.527778 | neutral |
30EV7DWJTVV5CCU03S57W1OEJC16YJ | biomed | TF and EM generated, characterized and maintained the Crx-/- mouse line. | EM | 0.55 | neutral |
3SD15I2WD2U4W9XCE7CH67S1AB0637 | biomed | Interestingly, expression of the KCNJ10 protein was absent in stria vascularis but normal in spiral ganglia (Fig. 4). | ganglia | 0.529412 | neutral |
38VTL6WC4AD9T8UMY9V24VAENHPY5U | biomed | In contrast, quantities of spiral ganglia isolated from young and old Slc26a4-/- mice (log(rRNA) = 9.04 ± 0.18, n = 4 and 9.29 ± 0.15, n = 6) were significantly smaller than in Slc26a4+/+ mice (log(rRNA) = 9.48 ± 0.19, n = 7), consistent with morphometric data (see below). | ganglia | 0.640625 | difficult |
3TL87MO8CMPHV6GCL6JLWZZV3WULF3 | biomed | The differentiation of sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) has been studied extensively with respect to inductive events that specify neuronal fate [2,3], as well as the involvement of late target-derived neurotrophic factors in the control of neuronal survival [4]. | ganglia | 0.675 | difficult |
3FDWKV9VCN2QK6VNG7FZICFNDO4UMI | biomed | The fact that our mice survive shows either that AQP2-F204V possesses some residual water transporting ability or that there are AVP-independent pathways for water reabsorption. | reabsorption | 0.529412 | neutral |
3G4VVJO6PZGI2DNOE93PTT0KG2HKP7 | biomed | Under basal conditions, the protein resides in subapical intracellular vesicles; however, under conditions requiring water retention AQP2 translocates to the apical membrane, permitting water reabsorption [7,8]. | reabsorption | 0.6 | difficult |
3RZS0FBRWKA0JFB0MWMR5ANCBU1PCU | biomed | TH analysed mRNA distribution by in situ hybridisation. | TH | 0.53125 | neutral |
3YD0MU1NC21NKUA26WWJZT63BWI7A9 | biomed | Total sterols and cholesterol in Dhcr7-/- embryonic lungs (as well as in brain and liver, data not shown) were reduced and 7DHC/8DHC elevated, but a significant amount of cholesterol was detectable, comprising ~60% and ~30% of total tissue sterols at E13.5 and neonate, respectively. | neonate | 0.532609 | neutral |
32L724R85LKRWIX0E6IDGDL7OYSPI1 | biomed | DK and HJT performed gene expression profiling experiments. | DK | 0.532609 | neutral |
3M4KL7H8KVN8M6JXR3YYIED4CRN61G | biomed | SHH activity leads to the upregulation of the BMP antagonist Gremlin in the mesenchyme [20,21]. | Gremlin | 0.534091 | neutral |
3VO4XFFP15MF7AHJVST5PTL8FE3Q7Y | biomed | CH and CSC planned and carried out the experiments with the red blood cells and platelets and the fractionation studies and drafted the manuscript, GL was responsible for platelets, RK gave support on the ADVIA 120 cell counter, evaluated and discussed the results, SMP and BSG gave support on the APACT system, platelet aggregation experiments, and evaluated the results, CZ was responsible for the sorcin studies, MS studied the cytoskeletal activities of the protein, AAN conceived of the studies and participated in its design. | CH | 0.534091 | neutral |
3R16PJFTS3RWDK15GPB1QVPPP6G4KV | biomed | Moreover, a recent in vivo study suggested that mice lacking Tgfbr2 in CNCCs display defective NCC differentiation into αSMA-positive cells in the AP septum [9], although this result was later disputed by another study [8]. | septum | 0.535714 | neutral |
3FHTJGYT8N0D0RR5OIIAV18R9L0PG9 | biomed | In further support of this conclusion, analysis of protein levels of ITPR1 in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalized lymphocytes from affected and unaffected AUS1 family members revealed that all affected members showed a dramatic decrease in ITPR1 levels when compared with the family member without the deletion (Figure 4). | lymphocytes | 0.535714 | neutral |
3N2YPY1GI6YSLXSA4Z1L1QCXIUEVED | biomed | In addition, hsp expression has been shown to accompany growth arrest in human B lymphocytes [27] and macrophage differentiation of HL 60 cells [28]. | lymphocytes | 0.554348 | neutral |
38O9DZ0A62NFBR1TA7YCNXN94X626Y | biomed | GO term classification revealed that these genes were related to lymphocyte proliferation and activation, suggesting that lymphocytes in the DBA/1 strain are more activated than those in the FVB/N strain. | lymphocytes | 0.619048 | difficult |
3VLL1PIENQOV68A9ZATKR8J7A6YZOR | biomed | Taken together our results suggest a complex genetic contribution from the (129 × C57BL/6) hybrid background genome, with both enhancing as well as inhibitory loci from the 129 mouse, in addition to genes promoting autoimmunity from the C57BL/6 mice. | loci | 0.5375 | neutral |
3L7SUC0TTUUA4KJ7I01FT5RGXZ10MM | biomed | We showed that there are multiple genetic loci contributing to the disease and these are derived from both 129 and C57BL/6 mice. | loci | 0.578125 | neutral |
3KG2UQJ0MJO4AV96BZAULQ7YFT3QN4 | biomed | For the loci whose counterparts on the human genome are linked to RA, we will investigate the candidate genes using case-control association studies in RA cohorts. | loci | 0.583333 | neutral |
36FQTHX3Z3RA2LE7AYTPHNETOD93BP | biomed | A possible explanation for this discrepancy may lie in the fact that the Apcs−/− mice analysed in the original study were generated from a limited number of founders and that this may have caused a nonrandom inheritance of the loci from the parental strains. | loci | 0.605263 | difficult |
30EV7DWJTVV5CCU03S57W1OEJCV6YD | biomed | The different lines examined, however, are very likely to differ genetically from CAPAN-1 cells not only at the BRCA2 locus, but also at a very large number of additional loci. | loci | 0.616667 | difficult |
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