id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3YO4AH2FPDK1PZHZAT8WAEBL70T0Q4 | biomed | Mice also appear to have independent CO versus NCO recombination pathways [46]. | NCO | 0.5375 | neutral |
3TC2K6WK9G22F5KH3MVA7BJ0ATO82K | biomed | Another possibility is that TRIP13 is required for disassembly of NCO recombinational repair complexes [51] containing those proteins that persist abnormally on Trip13Gt/Gt pachytene chromosomes. | NCO | 0.673077 | difficult |
3RHLQY6EDT4OZEVVO8PEMIUZ5YI4DJ | biomed | Cells in the stratum germinativum of the neopallial cortex, which surrounds the lateral ventricle, show at E13 and E15 a staining for Annexin A7 mainly in the cytosol. | stratum | 0.538462 | neutral |
36U4VBVNQODHHM8FLFBG4B9XJBYUR1 | biomed | Alterations in XPD resulting in defective TFIIH function are associated with UV-sensitive, multisystem disorders including xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), XP combined with Cockayne syndrome (CS), and trichothiodystrophy (TTD) [8-10]. | CS | 0.625 | difficult |
3A9LA2FRWSEW9WO7UFA9AE6VQLEXHY | biomed | Using an isoform-specific null mouse we show that Rb drives SAC differentiation through E2f3a. | SAC | 0.543478 | neutral |
38O9DZ0A62NFBR1TA7YCNXN94YY26S | biomed | Myosin Va is enriched in the PSD [43], and DNCL1 binds to a variety of PSD proteins including guanylate kinase domain-associated protein [44] and neuronal nitric oxide synthase [45]. | oxide | 0.546875 | neutral |
3THR0FZ95PTB1JT5K92BJT89VXQOLX | biomed | Mutation of Smad3 or expression of dominant negative transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) type II receptor also disrupts normal articular cartilage maintenance (Serra et al. 1997; Yang et al. 2001). | Serra | 0.55 | neutral |
302OLP89DZ7TWB5YXD4UFFYHC79CA7 | biomed | Our genetically modified mouse strain has the potential to be a useful and sensitive tools for detailed investigation of ADAM proteins' functions in the nervous system. | ADAM | 0.55 | neutral |
31YWE12TE0CZG7IVH6OXJ1H1CHR7XD | biomed | The roles of PAX6 in brain development have mainly been studied in homozygous mutant mice or rats and include arealisation of the cerebral cortex [7], formation of the prosencephalon-mesencephalon boundary [8], axon guidance [8], differentiation of neurons from glia [9] and neuronal migration in the cerebellum [10]. | cerebellum | 0.552632 | neutral |
30OITAWPBQ368069RZ4VUBKDJHQ9HS | biomed | Therefore, electrophyological studies to enable analysis of synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus and cerebellum of ADAM11-deficient mice will be needed. | cerebellum | 0.6 | difficult |
3HKIF5DF6YXS84BY7TMD9B8C4HIG95 | biomed | Other defects included absence or hypoplasia of the pineal gland, cortical polymicrogyria, white matter changes in the corpus callosum and grey matter changes in the cerebellum [11-13]. | cerebellum | 0.602273 | difficult |
3G5RUKN2EC3YIWSKUXZ8ZVH95T4N9K | biomed | Mutations in Crx have been associated with several human diseases that lead to blindness, including cone-rod dystrophy 2 [6,13,14], retinitis pigmentosa [14], and LCA [14-16]. | dystrophy | 0.552632 | neutral |
3Q9SPIIRWJM2A9B3E44VR95K4NQAWD | biomed | In contrast to TEL, ph does not contain an obvious sequence-specific DNA binding motif (16). | motif | 0.553571 | neutral |
3FTID4TN8LYNVXX7QWB9LK6B97PLY5 | biomed | The former motif is thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions in chromatin [7], and the latter is a feature of chromatin-remodelling proteins, and the presence of disease-causing mutations indicates the functional importance of these domains. | motif | 0.75 | difficult |
3HEADTGN2PSHU1XFQ5LL0XBGXICRVS | biomed | However, the repressive effect was more significant when DBD-tail, which does not contain SAM domain, was co-introduced with the 5xGAL4-pGL3 reporter plasmid. | SAM | 0.556818 | neutral |
3UY4PIS8QRLGTRPPQKKFKPZQ7I8N15 | biomed | Previous reports suggested that the SAM domain is a protein-protein interaction module. | SAM | 0.558824 | neutral |
3BKZLF990ZZYMUDKI1J52655JDCYQ7 | biomed | Bmp2 and Bmp4 are also expressed in the AER, where Prx1::cre is inactive, and these domains of expression are not affected (Figure 1A–1D, black arrows). | cre | 0.558824 | neutral |
3126F2F5F83FGDVEINSMVYNFW5GPEN | biomed | This transgene expresses cre very early in limb development, resulting in complete recombination of floxed alleles at early limb bud stages. | cre | 0.65 | difficult |
3SV8KD29L4SCGHPU1I1RKR2YQ1IZK1 | biomed | These expression domains are completely lost by E10.5 in the presence of the Prx1::cre transgene (Figure 1D). | cre | 0.683333 | difficult |
3T2EL38U0MK9MPNAD5X3JSYWH7DXQV | biomed | While it is possible that dox acts in some other way to slow amyloid clearance, data from multiple studies demonstrate that microglial responses are normally weak in the mouse AD models [37–40], and thus it is doubtful that dox-mediated microglial inhibition affected the outcome of our study. | AD | 0.558824 | neutral |
3A520CCNWN08T9PCT4AP53YKXJGEAW | biomed | However, the development of safe and effective secretase inhibitors will ultimately be required to determine whether the human brain has the capacity to repair amyloid-associated damage of AD once the progression of pathology is arrested. | AD | 0.583333 | neutral |
3ZFRE2BDQ9EI0HO101GGALA0MAXZXQ | biomed | It is possible that a combination of therapies to limit Aβ production, increase Aβ degradation, and enhance phagocytosis of deposited amyloid may be required to reverse damage associated with AD. | AD | 0.590909 | neutral |
3EKZL9T8Y8M86YDC3JEMW1LLP2ZCHI | biomed | Early support for this hypothesis came from genetic studies linking early-onset AD to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), from which Aβ is derived, and presenilins 1 and 2, which are interchangeable components of a endoprotease complex that releases Aβ from APP (for review see [2,3]). | AD | 0.602941 | difficult |
3E6L1VR4XWMZCLD5Y2DJ7GHYD156FG | biomed | The lack of clearance in both models of AD pathology comes as a stark contrast to the rapid removal of protein aggregates found in similar tet-off mouse models of Huntington [32] and prion disease [62]. | AD | 0.671875 | difficult |
3EHVO81VN5LOJV3ENMP2F52UL52H1R | biomed | Pericentric domains from different chromosomes form clusters, which are revealed by FISH as large spots that coincide with DAPI-dense foci in the interphase nucleus (Figure 4A). | interphase | 0.559524 | neutral |
3EPG8DX9LKQFKU2L7MZJR4H2JCM5P7 | biomed | AlphaB, expressed in transfected CHO cells, has been shown to ectopically localize to interphase nuclei, suggesting a regulatory role for this protein in the nucleus [19]. | interphase | 0.75 | difficult |
32TZXEA1OLKU7JFJ8F5JLGTQG0H14Q | biomed | Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified that influence two-bottle intake of bitter stimuli in the mouse, including loci for quinine (Qui) [12,16,26], cyclohexamide (Cyx) [13] and sucrose octaacetate (Soa) [14,15,17] sensitivity. | Qui | 0.5625 | neutral |
3RDTX9JRTY19FB0XEQIJ3YVJ5E097W | biomed | XY and SI drafted the manuscript. | SI | 0.5625 | neutral |
3CKVGCS3PG5D2FWC2XX15EQMPODS0K | biomed | Annexin A7 is thought to have a role in vesicle fusion and in regulating and stabilizing membrane domains [1]. | vesicle | 0.5625 | neutral |
32XN26MTXZJQY21MIO00TSCRXUAL04 | biomed | Having excluded a direct role in vesicle formation and membrane fusion, annexin A7 might act by its property as Ca2+-binding protein [17]. | vesicle | 0.734375 | difficult |
3N7PQ0KLI5P89OQRKPVFIVKER9P3EQ | biomed | Since the possible new locus of potential interest on chromosome 1 was of suggestive significance, and since the locus identified on chromosome 13 probably is Cia28, we are now paying special attention to the significant QTL for CIA incidence detected at 60–70 cM on chromosome 11 (denoted Cia40). | cM | 0.565789 | neutral |
304QEQWKZPKY4N4JVGGSL9GLSZAO0J | biomed | Erythroid progenitor cells in mon mutants are initially present, but fail to express normal levels of hematopoietic transcription factors and undergo apoptosis. | mon | 0.565789 | neutral |
36818Z1KV3D5JB9F4KTTMCUN6UV3AZ | biomed | The primary genetic defect (>80% disease chromosomes) leading to JNCL is a 1.02 kb genomic DNA deletion in the CLN3 gene, which eliminates exons 7 and 8 and surrounding intronic DNA, predicting a non-functional protein product [2]. | kb | 0.566667 | neutral |
3511RHPADVEEYWLLC1JFDODE6K5LRY | biomed | Using PCR primers T3F and C11R, which should be more than 200 kb apart, we were able to amplify a fragment 953 bp in size using DNA from each of the three affected family members as template. | kb | 0.569444 | neutral |
3GVPRXWRPHU2QCT0IKOWGRUMO4HI7I | biomed | The human ADAM22 gene is relatively large, at 300 kb in length, and is comprised of more than 30 exons. | kb | 0.617647 | difficult |
3SSN80MU8CONBMPF00D6N6MNI1LXK3 | biomed | However, using homologous recombination in ES cells to generate mutant mice is an inefficient, slow and expensive method because (i) homologous recombination typically occurs at low frequency in ES cells, requiring sophisticated selection schemes and screening of hundreds of clones to identify the desired mutant; (ii) large (15-20 kb) plasmids, often difficult to clone, are required to increase targeting efficiency and (iii) breeding mice to homozygosity and housing a mouse colony generate further delays and costs. | kb | 0.625 | difficult |
3P520RYKCH6SCZAHO8YD1A41RT95UY | biomed | Cln3Δex7/8 knock-in mice harbor the ~1 kb common JNCL mutation and express a non-truncated mutant battenin isoform that is detectable with antibodies recognizing C-terminal epitopes. | kb | 0.75 | difficult |
38VTL6WC4AD9T8UMY9V24VAENHL5YX | biomed | Overexpression of Shh in the distal lung epithelium resulted in the absence of functional alveoli and an increase in interstitial tissue caused by an increased proliferation of both epithelial and mesenchyme cells [26]. | Shh | 0.568182 | neutral |
3VIVIU06FKCLBF0NMQQLZ9RCJTCMIX | biomed | These structures defined a novel family of enzymes, now called sedolisins or serine-carboxyl peptidases, that is characterized by the utilization of a fully conserved catalytic triad (Ser, Glu, Asp) and by the presence of an Asp in the oxyanion hole [8]. | Ser | 0.569444 | neutral |
371DNNCG442WZ4EUM1F68YSQA538TC | biomed | Congenital diaphragmatic defects are a heterogeneous group of disorders of unknown etiology. | etiology | 0.569444 | neutral |
3EAWOID6MTXTU7DGWS26G1ATOSCV0X | biomed | The use of mouse models has provided valuable insight into the etiology of monogenic syndromes caused by single gene mutations. | etiology | 0.583333 | neutral |
3VCK0Q0PO5EGM247U1GF6KGG2P60NH | biomed | Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness but its molecular etiology is poorly understood. | etiology | 0.592105 | neutral |
3XBXDSS888JYVS7XL0P726Z271QLXU | biomed | Whereas genetic-based studies have provided novel insights into the pathways that regulate bone development [12–14], relatively little is known about the etiology of age-related bone loss. | etiology | 0.6 | difficult |
3ZQX1VYFTD5GMC9MQKT7EOM3BXRO8B | biomed | In particular, in the absence of Er81, achieved by mutation in the gene or by deprivation of peripheral neurotrophin signaling, group Ia proprioceptive afferents fail to invade the ventral spinal cord and to make effective synaptic connections with motor neurons [9,14]. | Ia | 0.571429 | neutral |
3ZXV7Q5FJBOOS2M68TQMTG989NGCFE | biomed | PST domain, proline-, serine- and threonine-rich domain; PSD, post-synaptic density; PCR, polymerase chain reaction. | PST | 0.573529 | neutral |
3MQKOF1EE2O08GEFYEVXHADQPQNWD1 | biomed | None of the mutations affected the interaction with TRIM11, suggesting that they do not alter the conformation of the more N-terminal part of the PST domain. | PST | 0.6 | difficult |
38EHZ67RIMS7FOUSW2QIEXEW4HIGMZ | biomed | In addition to the paired domain, PAX6 also contains a DNA-binding homeodomain and a proline, serine and threonine-rich (PST) domain at the C-terminus [1,6]. | PST | 0.638889 | difficult |
3BVS8WK9Q0VPSOWQV10CLTGI7UDIB9 | biomed | The PST domain, which encompasses the C-terminal 145 amino acids of PAX6, has been shown to act as a transcriptional activator [6]. | PST | 0.765625 | difficult |
3VADEH0UHCXGQW0WJICRKFRUXWUSPW | biomed | All our data are consistent with the hypothesis that TRIM11 does not interact with the C-terminal peptide, but interacts with the PST domain between the homeodomain and the C-terminal peptide. | PST | 0.84375 | very difficult |
3GMLHYZ0LEXQENK1ZA3AC72UMYIYUC | biomed | We discovered that in Alk5/Wnt1-Cre mutants, pharyngeal organs (thymus and parathyroid) fail to migrate appropriately. | pharyngeal | 0.576087 | neutral |
34R3P23QHS1HKWJHKAEN8VSOHIGWHA | biomed | Our data suggest that ALK5 is required cell autonomously in the NC to mediate non-redundant signaling events that are essential for appropriate patterning of the pharyngeal organs and cardiac OFT. | pharyngeal | 0.609375 | difficult |
3VDVA3ILIDFAJZ833G7KU5QT66NG1R | biomed | Subsequently cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) delaminate, undergo a phenotypic transformation from an epithelial to mesenchymal cell type, and migrate latero-ventrally into the 3rd, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs), where they contribute to the formation of the smooth muscle cell layer of endothelial structures derived from the aortic arch arteries [1-3]. | pharyngeal | 0.734375 | difficult |
31YWE12TE0CZG7IVH6OXJ1H1CHL7X7 | biomed | TN supervised the project. | TN | 0.578125 | neutral |
3K3IX1W4S6RCQ0E22IQ0ZFXOBQNPAX | biomed | TN conducted the in silico analysis of the quinine taste QTL, analyzed the Tas2r genes, participated in the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. | TN | 0.65625 | difficult |
3CZH926SICETRK9VK30YS0CK59K4EB | biomed | TN and JK supervised the project. | TN | 0.722222 | difficult |
3V7ICJJAZAGVKHXBACY8RS6Z2CCB4N | biomed | In all animals harboring amyloid deposits, we found that the vast majority of Aβ (>99%) was extracted into the SDS and FA fractions (Figure 5A and 5B). | SDS | 0.583333 | neutral |
3OWZNK3RYLP0D2RU6PWF331P7JI2UU | biomed | To further ensure we could detect any such insoluble aggregates that might bias our measure of changes in peptide synthesis, we performed a sequential three-step extraction with PBS, 2% SDS, and 70% FA that would separate peptides by solubility. | SDS | 0.625 | difficult |
3D06DR5225J65XHPA2Y8IB3T6L7MAT | biomed | Consistent with the filter trap results presented above, there were no significant differences in SDS- or FA-soluble Aβ between the 6 mo untreated cohort and either the 6 mo + 3 mo treated or 6 mo + 6 mo treated cohorts. | SDS | 0.777778 | difficult |
3G9UA71JVVUYLND6029WSS9M1J6J7V | biomed | Cortical homogenates were sequentially extracted to separate peptide into PBS-, SDS-, and FA-soluble fractions, then transgene-derived Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured by human-specific ELISA [23]. | SDS | 0.825 | very difficult |
3D1TUISJWI04ON5WVSH7QJ86WGDUIX | biomed | Ovaries of Dmrt4 mutant females have polyovular follicles (follicles containing multiple oocytes), but it is unknown whether this reflects a defect in the germ line or the soma. | soma | 0.5875 | neutral |
3ZQA3IO31BRYBCP1RZKSZEZVXRLO1R | biomed | This system, commonly known as the tet-off system, can be regulated by analogs of tetracycline administered in food or water [12,13]. | tetracycline | 0.588235 | neutral |
322ZSN9Z5GKVG3RSAYPTRMCL8J74T1 | biomed | The transgenic approach that was used to create the intermediate MSUD model was based on the tetracycline regulated gene switch system that has been used with great success in other studies, for example [34]. | tetracycline | 0.642857 | difficult |
3OZ4VAIBEXF0WDE2I0CCY6PPN2BJVN | biomed | This work demonstrated that the CF inflammatory phenotype is much less severe in mice with a small contribution of 129/Sv alleles. | CF | 0.588235 | neutral |
3EPG8DX9LKQFKU2L7MZJR4H2JDFP5M | biomed | Previous work using human patients and genetically altered mice has identified some modifier genes and have advanced our understanding of CF pathophysiology [4]. | CF | 0.607143 | difficult |
3M93N4X8HKNK4LXYO577NJ5IOXJJSI | biomed | 6 was strongly associated with lung inflammation, consisting of mononuclear cell interstitial infiltration and fibrosis in CF mouse airways; and other loci on chr. | CF | 0.642857 | difficult |
3EQVJH0T40LPSFFNP59CLBLPDOYTHH | biomed | Mucus is involved in obstruction of the gut which occurs frequently in CF infants (called meconium ileus, MI) and adults (called distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, DIOS) [11,13]. | CF | 0.65625 | difficult |
3AFT28WXLF29BILZZ65YRDGHETWOIJ | biomed | However, mice on the mixed background seemed more robust than CF mice on the B6 background which prompted us to characterize them in greater detail. | CF | 0.725 | difficult |
335HHSX8CD5IBQJQ3F9XG733A25HDH | biomed | RM, ÅA, RH and ML designed the study. | RM | 0.589286 | neutral |
3FK4G712NX0D3OGOBZGLFKW5KGWSS7 | biomed | ML is responsible for genotyping, phenotyping, analyses and, together with RM, for interpretation and for writing the manuscript. | RM | 0.7 | difficult |
3N5YJ55YXG3CNF2PM3D8VQSTBBHANH | biomed | From this screen, we identified a line of mice carrying a recessive mutation that results in primary pulmonary hypoplasia and abnormal diaphragmatic and cardiac development. | diaphragmatic | 0.589286 | neutral |
3D17ECOUOEV9PNWF8100BB1K20Q13A | biomed | This region contains several genes, including those encoding FcγRII, the complement receptor CR1/2 (CD35/CD21), and the decay-accelerating factor CD55 (Prodeus et al. 1998; Bolland and Ravetch 2000; Miwa et al. 2002; Wu et al. 2002), which have each been implicated in the causation of SLE when inactivated by gene-targeting in 129 embryonic stem cells. | causation | 0.59375 | neutral |
3X878VYTIEIIGLRAHCIBDUHU8DN7FG | biomed | CA = chronic arthritis; CIA = collagen-induced arthritis; CV = coefficiant of variation; GO = Gene Ontology; LN = lymph node; LOD = logarithm of the odds; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; NC = naive control; OA = onset of arthritis; PI = post-immunisation; QTG = quantitative trait gene; QTL = quantitative trait loci; RA = rheumatoid arthritis. | LN | 0.59375 | neutral |
35A1YQPVFEGN38FHUR9ZI7GQXZKI53 | biomed | In this assay, serial dilutions of protein homogenate are passed through a cellulose acetate filter; particles larger than the pore size of the filter become trapped in the membrane and are revealed by immunoblotting [22]. | acetate | 0.594828 | neutral |
38EHZ67RIMS7FOUSW2QIEXEW4GKMG5 | biomed | Nuclei were incubated in buffers with different salt concentrations ranging from 100 mM NaCl to 1 M NaCl. | mM | 0.597222 | neutral |
38Z7YZ2SB32CWUYFEJX2GIBHTV7IQG | biomed | The μ and m designations derive from the levels of Ca2+ required in vitro for optimal activation; 10–50 μM Ca2+ for μ-calpain and 0.3–0.35 mM Ca2+ for m-calpain. | mM | 0.602941 | difficult |
34F34TZU7WZRZMG0UQS1W1SEQ4I2JY | biomed | As significant differences between phenotypes from targeted p53 mutants in vivo and transfection data were observed [e.g. Refs (1–5)], more targeted mutations need to be generated and analyzed in multiple tissues to formulate more accurate models of p53 regulation. | Refs | 0.597826 | neutral |
388CL5C1RJN1927IGW7LZKB8JBCLH6 | biomed | JMW, TC, PH-M and MEM drafted the manuscript and RC contributed to its finalization. | MEM | 0.6 | difficult |
367O8HRHKG8U13EDLYK3HHGZ60T4SC | biomed | MEM co-conceived of the study and assisted on drafting of the manuscript. | MEM | 0.703125 | difficult |
3VMV5CHJZ8FBSJKC5ZRU0B9OYOLGT5 | biomed | Seventy-three percent of retrogradely labeled gastrocnemius muscle afferents were reported to be expressing TrkC RNA in the adult rat DRG, although some of these (about 10%) may represent cutaneous innervation (McMahon et al. 1994). | gastrocnemius | 0.602941 | difficult |
3538U0YQ1FU0F2QNF0FL0D5E3B1F3J | biomed | Superficial and deep anterior cortical staining was grossly different between alphaA/BKO (Figure 3A,3D,3F and 3I) and wild type lenses (Figure 3K,3N,3P and 3S). | N | 0.602941 | difficult |
3TTPFEFXCTKJQH4BTS1JA1TBTGIH6P | biomed | Peptide Aβ is released from APP by the action of two enzymes, the β-APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase, which cleave the holoprotein at the N- and C-termini of Aβ, respectively. | N | 0.75 | difficult |
3R5LWXWHR08I90TWA9SRPEUUBK9GXO | biomed | CA = chronic arthritis; CIA = collagen-induced arthritis; CV = coefficiant of variation; GO = Gene Ontology; LN = lymph node; LOD = logarithm of the odds; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; NC = naive control; OA = onset of arthritis; PI = post-immunisation; QTG = quantitative trait gene; QTL = quantitative trait loci; RA = rheumatoid arthritis. | logarithm | 0.602941 | difficult |
3RZS0FBRWKA0JFB0MWMR5ANCBT3PCU | biomed | MR, SIRG, and CSC planned and carried out the experiments, evaluated the results, and drafted the manuscript. | MR | 0.602941 | difficult |
32L724R85LKRWIX0E6IDGDL7OZLPIW | biomed | Glaucoma involves retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve damage that is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) [1-5]. | ganglion | 0.607143 | difficult |
3MDWE879UH2WHN3NR7UZ80HFO5J9BC | biomed | Previously noted chemoattractant action of the embryonic mouse maxillary process on trigeminal ganglion neurons (Lumsden and Davies 1986) is now attributed to NT-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (O'Connor et al. 1999). | ganglion | 0.631579 | difficult |
39KV3A5D187RKQWWNWIAKT09X2JS7K | biomed | Rb knockout (KO) RTCs continue to proliferate inappropriately and some (rod, ganglion, and bipolar cells) die by apoptosis [2,3]. | ganglion | 0.673077 | difficult |
30F94FBDNRKF12C1PDZGZ0IRIBTTB1 | biomed | Cone photoreceptors, ganglion cells, horizontal cells and amacrine cells are generated earlier, while Müller glia and bipolar cells are generated later. | ganglion | 0.6875 | difficult |
3YGE63DIN8X69WDLM27223T7V1F0WD | biomed | Consistent with an apparent absence of mature hair cells, initial work suggested that all vestibular and most spiral ganglion cells are lost by postnatal day 14 (P14; [1]). | ganglion | 0.7 | difficult |
3JGHED38EDROGC85M2AZ2FOAENF7YD | biomed | The muscle phenotypes described here are remarkably similar to those of transgenic mice expressing either calcineurin, calmodulin-dependent kinase, or PGC-1α (Naya et al. 2000; Lin et al. 2002; Wu et al. 2002), indicating that PPARδ could be one of the hypothetical downstream transcription factors of these pathways. | Lin | 0.607143 | difficult |
3R4QIDVOJPCBJM6O99CB1MOBIYJEEW | biomed | The best-studied strains of mice that spontaneously develop a lupus-like pathology are the New Zealand Black/New Zealand White hybrid strain (NZB/WF1); the MRL/Mp lpr/lpr strain, which carries the lpr mutation of the FAS receptor gene; and the BXSB strain, which carries the Y chromosome autoimmune accelerator (Yaa) gene (Theofilopoulos and Dixon 1985). | FAS | 0.608696 | difficult |
3X4Q1O9UBHMCMY43GF110OQ80DM7O8 | biomed | In MD rat, early death is caused by the dysfunction of the brain stem which is essential for autonomic control of respiration during hypoxia [24]. | MD | 0.609375 | difficult |
3ZLW647WALVGE8EBR50EGUBPU6Z32O | biomed | A recent report estimates that the carrier frequency of MLIV in the Ashkenazi Jewish population is 1 in 100, and mutations have been reported in Jewish and non-Jewish families [6-9]. | Ashkenazi | 0.611111 | difficult |
3QO7EE372ON29MK9895LUV74Y4UBQ5 | biomed | However, we were unable to consistently turn off the human E2 expression cassette by the potent tetracycline analogue, doxycycline in either of the two transgenic lines tested (data not shown). | doxycycline | 0.611111 | difficult |
3SBX2M1TKDNIONZ0TUVYMH1YOCE4QT | biomed | The reason these two lines were unresponsive to doxycycline is unknown. | doxycycline | 0.75 | difficult |
39O0SQZVJN7FJBWJ87I5UJVDB05R70 | biomed | cDNA identification and RACE data have been used to determine gene structure for about 30 genes, see, for example, [19,23]. | RACE | 0.611111 | difficult |
3MG8450X2OAW59S08N7RZG9IIU7UP8 | biomed | The high SNP frequency (0.312%; 295 SNP in 94.492 kbp) in CAST genes may lead to a higher rate of false positives using DNA microarrays or quantitative real-time PCR assays, most of which are based on B6 sequence. | CAST | 0.617647 | difficult |
3UQVX1UPFSHKXGFE8IIVEWDIRUE20R | biomed | Due to the paucity of experimental evidence of the olfactory function of most genes in the family and suggestions of extra-olfactory roles, we embarked on an olfactory receptor expressed sequence tag (EST) project to confirm olfactory epithelial expression of hundreds of mouse odorant receptor genes. | paucity | 0.625 | difficult |
3EKZL9T8Y8M86YDC3JEMW1LLP2THCH | biomed | The SAM domain of the mr-s protein is closely related to that of ph and TEL, whose SAM domains can form a helical, head-to-tail polymeric structure and mediate the formation of a higher order chromatin structure. | TEL | 0.625 | difficult |
36FFXPMST9O9FNAFTONDR1F2EGIHOK | biomed | Crx, cone-rod homeobox; Otx2, orthodenticle-related homeobox 2; TRβ2, thyroid hormone receptor beta 2; Nrl, neural retina leucine zipper; Nr2e3, nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 3; EST, expressed sequence tag; EphB2, ephrin receptor B2; EphA4, ephrin receptor A4; TEL, translocation ETS leukemia. | TEL | 0.625 | difficult |
3TY2U1TEB7AR5IE81BYTVIEVSEBJJ7 | biomed | The cause of goiter appears to be an impairment of iodide fixation in the follicular lumen due to a reduced rate of iodide transport across the apical membrane of thyroid gland epithelial cells [4]. | lumen | 0.625 | difficult |
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