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56f85351aef2371900625fda
Szlachta
Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Juno...
What kind of system was the coats of arms?
{ "text": [ "heraldic system" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
56f85351aef2371900625fdb
Szlachta
Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Juno...
how did the polish nobility system compare to other heraldy countries?
{ "text": [ "differing in many ways" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
56f85351aef2371900625fdc
Szlachta
Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Juno...
Where did polish knightshood originate?
{ "text": [ "Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
56f8542caef2371900625fe1
Szlachta
The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their...
What is the most notable difference between countries?
{ "text": [ "minorities would be given the noble title" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
56f8542caef2371900625fe2
Szlachta
The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their...
Coat of arms would be shared with who else?
{ "text": [ "most families sharing origin" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }
56f8542caef2371900625fe3
Szlachta
The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their...
How would unrelated families be attributed to the clan?
{ "text": [ "on the basis of similarity of arms" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
56f8542caef2371900625fe4
Szlachta
The most notable difference is that, contrary to other European heraldic systems, the Jews, Muslim Tatars or another minorities would be given the noble title. Also, most families sharing origin would also share a coat-of-arms. They would also share arms with families adopted into the clan (these would often have their...
Did number of cat of arms in the late middle ages fall?
{ "text": [ "low and did not exceed 200" ], "answer_start": [ 596 ] }
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17581
Szlachta
Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.
What was rarely used?
{ "text": [ "brisure" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17582
Szlachta
Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.
Where did the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women not develoupe?
{ "text": [ "Poland" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
56f8547aa6d7ea1400e17583
Szlachta
Also, the tradition of differentiating between the coat of arms proper and a lozenge granted to women did not develop in Poland. Usually men inherited the coat of arms from their fathers. Also, the brisure was rarely used.
Where did men get their coat of arms usually?
{ "text": [ "their fathers" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17591
Szlachta
The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalt...
What was the prevalent mentality and ideology called?
{ "text": [ "Sarmatism" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17592
Szlachta
The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalt...
Where did the name sarmatism originate?
{ "text": [ "powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17593
Szlachta
The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalt...
How did sarmatism effect szlachta culture?
{ "text": [ "served to integrate the multi-ethnic nobility" ], "answer_start": [ 575 ] }
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17594
Szlachta
The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalt...
What was also pushed for by result of sarmatism?
{ "text": [ "peace and pacifism" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
56f85519a6d7ea1400e17595
Szlachta
The szlachta's prevalent mentality and ideology were manifested in "Sarmatism", a name derived from a myth of the szlachta's origin in the powerful ancient nation of Sarmatians. This belief system became an important part of szlachta culture and affected all aspects of their lives. It was popularized by poets who exalt...
What languages were freely mixed?
{ "text": [ "Polish and Latin" ], "answer_start": [ 802 ] }
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759b
Szlachta
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, de...
What two religions were most common?
{ "text": [ "Roman Catholic or Orthodox" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759c
Szlachta
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, de...
What was the minority group in the polish nobility?
{ "text": [ "Muslims" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759d
Szlachta
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, de...
What was rewarding for switching judiasm to christianity?
{ "text": [ "ennoblement" ], "answer_start": [ 867 ] }
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759e
Szlachta
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, de...
What happened after the roman catholic church regained power in Poland?
{ "text": [ "the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
56f855e8a6d7ea1400e1759f
Szlachta
Prior to the Reformation, the Polish nobility were mostly either Roman Catholic or Orthodox with a small group of Muslims. Many families, however, soon adopted the Reformed faiths. After the Counter-Reformation, when the Roman Catholic Church regained power in Poland, the nobility became almost exclusively Catholic, de...
What was the smallest amount of religion in the noble?
{ "text": [ "Jews" ], "answer_start": [ 525 ] }
56f7fa54aef2371900625d18
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics...
During which period was Vigil a poet?
{ "text": [ "Augustan" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
56f7fa54aef2371900625d19
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics...
How many major works of literature is Virgil known for?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 241 ] }
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1a
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics...
Which major Latin epic is Virgil known for?
{ "text": [ "Aeneid" ], "answer_start": [ 335 ] }
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1b
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics...
What is Virgil's full name?
{ "text": [ "Publius Vergilius Maro" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f7fa54aef2371900625d1c
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Classical Latin: [ˈpuː.blɪ.ʊs wɛrˈɡɪ.lɪ.ʊs ˈma.roː]; October 15, 70 BC – September 21, 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil /ˈvɜːrdʒᵻl/ in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics...
Which collection of minor poems are sometimes attributed to Virgil?
{ "text": [ "Appendix Vergiliana" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17355
Virgil
Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on...
Which of Virgil's works is considered the national epic of ancient Rome?
{ "text": [ "Aeneid" ], "answer_start": [ 68 ] }
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17356
Virgil
Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on...
Which works did Virgil model the Aeneid after?
{ "text": [ "Iliad and Odyssey" ], "answer_start": [ 204 ] }
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17357
Virgil
Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on...
Who is the main character in the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Aeneas" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17358
Virgil
Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on...
What was Aeneas trying to accomplish in the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "fulfill his destiny and arrive on the shores of Italy" ], "answer_start": [ 287 ] }
56f7fb3ea6d7ea1400e17359
Virgil
Virgil is traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. His Aeneid has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome from the time of its composition to the present day. Modeled after Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the Aeneid follows the Trojan refugee Aeneas as he struggles to fulfill his destiny and arrive on...
Who appears as Dante's guide through hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy?
{ "text": [ "Virgil" ], "answer_start": [ 500 ] }
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e1735f
Virgil
Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about...
Who was Virgil's editor?
{ "text": [ "Varius" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17360
Virgil
Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about...
Whose two commentaries were incorporated into Virgil's biography by Suetonius?
{ "text": [ "Servius and Donatus" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17361
Virgil
Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about...
What do the comentaries rely on for some of their information about Virgil?
{ "text": [ "inferences made from his poetry and allegorizing" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
56f7fd15a6d7ea1400e17362
Virgil
Virgil's biographical tradition is thought to depend on a lost biography by Varius, Virgil's editor, which was incorporated into the biography by Suetonius and the commentaries of Servius and Donatus, the two great commentators on Virgil's poetry. Although the commentaries no doubt record much factual information about...
Is Virgil's biographical tradition easily researched or is it problematic?
{ "text": [ "problematic" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4a
Virgil
The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius s...
In which village does tradition believe Virgil was born?
{ "text": [ "Andes" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4b
Virgil
The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius s...
In which cities did Virgil attend schools?
{ "text": [ "Cremona, Mediolanum, Rome and Naples" ], "answer_start": [ 530 ] }
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4c
Virgil
The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius s...
What other career did Virgil consider?
{ "text": [ "rhetoric and law" ], "answer_start": [ 606 ] }
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4d
Virgil
The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius s...
Which type of family do scholars generally believe Virgil belonged to?
{ "text": [ "equestrian landowning" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
56f7fe64aef2371900625d4e
Virgil
The tradition holds that Virgil was born in the village of Andes, near Mantua in Cisalpine Gaul. Analysis of his name has led to beliefs that he descended from earlier Roman colonists. Modern speculation ultimately is not supported by narrative evidence either from his own writings or his later biographers. Macrobius s...
Does Macrobius believe Virgil's father came from a distinguished or humble background?
{ "text": [ "humble" ], "answer_start": [ 354 ] }
56f89312aef23719006261c4
Virgil
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been ...
Which three studies did Virgil abandon for philosophy?
{ "text": [ "rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
56f89312aef23719006261c5
Virgil
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been ...
How was Virgil regarded socially by his schoolmates?
{ "text": [ "extremely shy and reserved" ], "answer_start": [ 435 ] }
56f89312aef23719006261c6
Virgil
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been ...
What was Virgil's nickname?
{ "text": [ "Parthenias" ], "answer_start": [ 507 ] }
56f89312aef23719006261c7
Virgil
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been ...
How did Virgil earn his nickname "Parthenias" or "maiden"?
{ "text": [ "social aloofness" ], "answer_start": [ 546 ] }
56f89312aef23719006261c8
Virgil
According to the commentators, Virgil received his first education when he was five years old and he later went to Cremona, Milan, and finally Rome to study rhetoric, medicine, and astronomy, which he soon abandoned for philosophy. From Virgil's admiring references to the neoteric writers Pollio and Cinna, it has been ...
Which short narrative poem was attributed to Virgil as early as the 1st century AD?
{ "text": [ "the Culex" ], "answer_start": [ 1100 ] }
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c40
Virgil
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ...
Which Hellenistic poet was known for bucolic hexameter poetry?
{ "text": [ "Theocritus" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c41
Virgil
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ...
Who tried to pay off veterans with land, some of which possibly belonged to Virgil?
{ "text": [ "Octavian" ], "answer_start": [ 493 ] }
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c42
Virgil
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ...
Virgil's loss of his famiyl farm and the attempt to regain his property though poetry was the inferred motive for which work?
{ "text": [ "Eclogues" ], "answer_start": [ 845 ] }
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c43
Virgil
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ...
To whom was Eclogue 4 addressed to?
{ "text": [ "Asinius Pollio" ], "answer_start": [ 2004 ] }
56f894a19b226e1400dd0c44
Virgil
The biographical tradition asserts that Virgil began the hexameter Eclogues (or Bucolics) in 42 BC and it is thought that the collection was published around 39–38 BC, although this is controversial. The Eclogues (from the Greek for "selections") are a group of ten poems roughly modeled on the bucolic hexameter poetry ...
Which Eclogues discusses homosexual love?
{ "text": [ "Ecl. 2" ], "answer_start": [ 1919 ] }
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4a
Virgil
Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other lead...
Who helped finish the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Varius Rufus" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4b
Virgil
Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other lead...
When where the Eclogues likely published?
{ "text": [ "before 37 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4c
Virgil
Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other lead...
What were Octavian' s agent d'affaires called?
{ "text": [ "Maecenas" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
56f8954b9b226e1400dd0c4d
Virgil
Sometime after the publication of the Eclogues (probably before 37 BC), Virgil became part of the circle of Maecenas, Octavian's capable agent d'affaires who sought to counter sympathy for Antony among the leading families by rallying Roman literary figures to Octavian's side. Virgil came to know many of the other lead...
Which leading literary figure often mentioned Virgin in his poetry?
{ "text": [ "Horace" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018b
Virgil
At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In han...
Which long didactic hexameter poem did Virgil work on for several years?
{ "text": [ "Georgics" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018c
Virgil
At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In han...
To whom was Georgics dedicated to?
{ "text": [ "Maecenas" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018d
Virgil
At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In han...
The theme of Georgics is instruction in the methods of what?
{ "text": [ "running a farm" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018e
Virgil
At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In han...
Which of Virgil's poet friends committed suicide in 26 BC?
{ "text": [ "Gallus" ], "answer_start": [ 1174 ] }
56f8961a9e9bad19000a018f
Virgil
At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In han...
Who was Gallus disgraced by?
{ "text": [ "Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 1203 ] }
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0195
Virgil
The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of...
Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at which battle?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Actium" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0196
Virgil
The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of...
When did Octavian return from the Battle of Actium?
{ "text": [ "31 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }
56f896ab9e9bad19000a0197
Virgil
The Georgics' tone wavers between optimism and pessimism, sparking critical debate on the poet's intentions, but the work lays the foundations for later didactic poetry. Virgil and Maecenas are said to have taken turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of...
Who took turns with Virgil to read the Georgics to Octavian?
{ "text": [ "Maecenas" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c67
Virgil
The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter ver...
Which of Virgil's works is widely considered his finest?
{ "text": [ "The Aeneid" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c68
Virgil
The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter ver...
Who commissioned the Aeneid according to Propertius?
{ "text": [ "Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 250 ] }
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c69
Virgil
The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter ver...
How many books are included in The Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "12" ], "answer_start": [ 286 ] }
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6a
Virgil
The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter ver...
Which of Homer's works did the first six books of the Aeneid model after?
{ "text": [ "Odyssey" ], "answer_start": [ 1220 ] }
56f8976b9b226e1400dd0c6b
Virgil
The Aeneid is widely considered Virgil's finest work and one of the most important poems in the history of western literature. Virgil worked on the Aeneid during the last eleven years of his life (29–19 BC), commissioned, according to Propertius, by Augustus. The epic poem consists of 12 books in dactylic hexameter ver...
Which of Homer's works did the last six books of the Aeneid connect to?
{ "text": [ "Iliad" ], "answer_start": [ 1280 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c81
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the...
Who is Aeneas' enemy throughout the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Juno" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c82
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the...
Which queen committed suicide in Book 4 of the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Dido" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c83
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the...
In which book does Aeneas' father die?
{ "text": [ "5" ], "answer_start": [ 871 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c84
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the...
Who reveals Rome's destiny to Aeneas?
{ "text": [ "Anchises" ], "answer_start": [ 1087 ] }
56f8984c9b226e1400dd0c85
Virgil
Book 1 (at the head of the Odyssean section) opens with a storm which Juno, Aeneas' enemy throughout the poem, stirs up against the fleet. The storm drives the hero to the coast of Carthage, which historically was Rome's deadliest foe. The queen, Dido, welcomes the ancestor of the Romans, and under the influence of the...
Who guides Aeneas through the Underworld?
{ "text": [ "Sibyl" ], "answer_start": [ 1012 ] }
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8b
Virgil
Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas ...
To whom is Aeneas betrothed?
{ "text": [ "Lavinia" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8c
Virgil
Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas ...
Which King does Aeneas ally with in Book 8 of the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "King Evander" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8d
Virgil
Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas ...
Who had Lavinia already been promised to?
{ "text": [ "Turnus" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56f899199b226e1400dd0c8e
Virgil
Book 7 (beginning the Iliadic half) opens with an address to the muse and recounts Aeneas' arrival in Italy and betrothal to Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus. Lavinia had already been promised to Turnus, the king of the Rutulians, who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto, and Amata Lavinia's mother. In Book 8, Aeneas ...
Who is roused to war by the Fury Allecto and Amata Lavinia's mother?
{ "text": [ "Turnus" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01af
Virgil
Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the...
When did Augustus' victory at Actium against Mark Antony and Ceopatra VII occur?
{ "text": [ "31 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 789 ] }
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b0
Virgil
Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the...
Who is the protagonist of the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Aeneas" ], "answer_start": [ 881 ] }
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b1
Virgil
Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the...
Who is mercilessly slaughtered by Aeneas?
{ "text": [ "Turnus" ], "answer_start": [ 1140 ] }
56f89a0c9e9bad19000a01b2
Virgil
Critics of the Aeneid focus on a variety of issues. The tone of the poem as a whole is a particular matter of debate; some see the poem as ultimately pessimistic and politically subversive to the Augustan regime, while others view it as a celebration of the new imperial dynasty. Virgil makes use of the symbolism of the...
Who is the founder of Rome which some scholars see strong associations with Aeneas?
{ "text": [ "Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb1
Virgil
The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil...
Which book supposedly caused Augustus' sister to faint?
{ "text": [ "6" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb2
Virgil
The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil...
What was the title of Jean-Baptiste Wicar's artwork inspired by the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Virgil Reading the Aeneid" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
56f89b409b226e1400dd0cb3
Virgil
The Aeneid appears to have been a great success. Virgil is said to have recited Books 2, 4, and 6 to Augustus; and Book 6 apparently caused Augustus' sister Octavia to faint. Although the truth of this claim is subject to scholarly scepticism, it has served as a basis for later art, such as Jean-Baptiste Wicar's Virgil...
Who did Virgil recite Books 2, 4, and 6 of the Aeneid to?
{ "text": [ "Augustus" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc1
Virgil
According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 B...
According to tradition, where did Virgil travel in 19 BC to revise the Aeneid?
{ "text": [ "Greece" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc2
Virgil
According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 B...
Where did Virgil die?
{ "text": [ "Brundisium harbor" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc3
Virgil
According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 B...
What date did Virgil die?
{ "text": [ "September 21, 19 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc4
Virgil
According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 B...
Who were Virgil's literary executors?
{ "text": [ "Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca" ], "answer_start": [ 369 ] }
56f89d879b226e1400dd0cc5
Virgil
According to the tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece in about 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. After crossing to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, Virgil died in Brundisium harbor on September 21, 19 B...
What wish of Virgil's did Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca disregard?
{ "text": [ "the poem be burned" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e5
Virgil
The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized Latin poetry. The Eclogues, Georgics, and above all the Aeneid became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in thei...
Who was one of Virgil's most ardent admirers who referenced Virgil in almost every line of his epic?
{ "text": [ "Silius Italicus" ], "answer_start": [ 1028 ] }
56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e6
Virgil
The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized Latin poetry. The Eclogues, Georgics, and above all the Aeneid became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in thei...
.What was the title of Silius Italicus' epic in which Virgil was referenced in almost every line?
{ "text": [ "Punica" ], "answer_start": [ 1126 ] }
56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e7
Virgil
The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized Latin poetry. The Eclogues, Georgics, and above all the Aeneid became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in thei...
Who bought Virgil's tomb?
{ "text": [ "Silius" ], "answer_start": [ 1133 ] }
56f89eb29e9bad19000a01e8
Virgil
The works of Virgil almost from the moment of their publication revolutionized Latin poetry. The Eclogues, Georgics, and above all the Aeneid became standard texts in school curricula with which all educated Romans were familiar. Poets following Virgil often refer intertextually to his works to generate meaning in thei...
Which of Virgil's works was later widely interpreted to have predicted the birth of Jesus Christ?
{ "text": [ "Fourth Eclogue" ], "answer_start": [ 1288 ] }
56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf3
Virgil
Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."
Who cautioned "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death"?
{ "text": [ "Gregory of Tours" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf4
Virgil
Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."
Literate men acknowledged Virgil as a master poet despite what empire collapsing?
{ "text": [ "Western Roman" ], "answer_start": [ 12 ] }
56f89fdc9b226e1400dd0cf5
Virgil
Even as the Western Roman empire collapsed, literate men acknowledged that Virgil was a master poet. Gregory of Tours read Virgil, whom he quotes in several places, along with some other Latin poets, though he cautions that "we ought not to relate their lying fables, lest we fall under sentence of eternal death."
Did literate men acknowledge Virgil as a master or novice poet?
{ "text": [ "master" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0201
Virgil
Dante made Virgil his guide in Hell and the greater part of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy. Dante also mentions Virgil in De vulgari eloquentia, along with Ovid, Lucan and Statius, as one of the four regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7).
In which of Dante's works was Virgil a guide through Hell and Purgatory?
{ "text": [ "Divine Comedy" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0202
Virgil
Dante made Virgil his guide in Hell and the greater part of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy. Dante also mentions Virgil in De vulgari eloquentia, along with Ovid, Lucan and Statius, as one of the four regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7).
Who was the author of the Divine Comedy?
{ "text": [ "Dante" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f8a0ae9e9bad19000a0203
Virgil
Dante made Virgil his guide in Hell and the greater part of Purgatory in The Divine Comedy. Dante also mentions Virgil in De vulgari eloquentia, along with Ovid, Lucan and Statius, as one of the four regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7).
Who was Dante's guide through Purgatory and Hell in the Divine Comedy?
{ "text": [ "Virgil" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d13
Virgil
In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth. As such, Virgil came to be seen on a ...
Which of Virgil's works was said by some to have predicted Jesus' birth?
{ "text": [ "Eclogues 4" ], "answer_start": [ 177 ] }
56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d14
Virgil
In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth. As such, Virgil came to be seen on a ...
Which religion did some consider Virgil to have heralded in?
{ "text": [ "Christianity" ], "answer_start": [ 394 ] }
56f8a1fc9b226e1400dd0d15
Virgil
In the Middle Ages, Virgil's reputation was such that it inspired legends associating him with magic and prophecy. From at least the 3rd century, Christian thinkers interpreted Eclogues 4, which describes the birth of a boy ushering in a golden age, as a prediction of Jesus' birth. As such, Virgil came to be seen on a ...
During which time period did Virgil's reputation inspire legends associating him with magic and prophecy?
{ "text": [ "Middle Ages" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }