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56f8a37b9e9bad19000a023f
Virgil
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but event...
Where did the tradition start which regarded Virgil as a great magician?
{ "text": [ "Naples" ], "answer_start": [ 304 ] }
56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0240
Virgil
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but event...
How long did legends of Virgil's magical powers remain popular?
{ "text": [ "over two hundred years" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0241
Virgil
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but event...
What is the modern Welsh word for phramacist?
{ "text": [ "fferyllydd" ], "answer_start": [ 777 ] }
56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0242
Virgil
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but event...
Where did Virgil's name become a generic term for magic-worker?
{ "text": [ "medieval Wales" ], "answer_start": [ 601 ] }
56f8a37b9e9bad19000a0243
Virgil
Possibly as early as the second century AD, Virgil's works were seen as having magical properties and were used for divination. In what became known as the Sortes Vergilianae (Virgilian Lots), passages would be selected at random and interpreted to answer questions. In the 12th century, starting around Naples but event...
When did Virgil's reputation as a great magician begin?
{ "text": [ "12th century" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
56f8a4a59e9bad19000a0249
Virgil
The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emper...
During which time period did the legend of Virgil in his Basket arise?
{ "text": [ "Middle Ages" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024a
Virgil
The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emper...
What is the name of the beautiful woman who Virgil enamoured?
{ "text": [ "Lucretia" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }
56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024b
Virgil
The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emper...
Which story did Virgil being left halfway in basket parallel?
{ "text": [ "Phyllis riding Aristotle" ], "answer_start": [ 686 ] }
56f8a4a59e9bad19000a024c
Virgil
The legend of Virgil in his Basket arose in the Middle Ages, and is often seen in art and mentioned in literature as part of the Power of Women literary topos, demonstrating the disruptive force of female attractiveness on men. In this story Virgil became enamoured of a beautiful woman, sometimes described as the emper...
Which artist made a woodcut and later an engraving of Virgil and his basket?
{ "text": [ "Lucas van Leyden" ], "answer_start": [ 753 ] }
56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d45
Virgil
The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary a...
During which time period did Virgil's name become associated with miraclous powers?
{ "text": [ "Middle Ages" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d46
Virgil
The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary a...
In which district is "Virgil's tomb" located?
{ "text": [ "Piedigrotta" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
56f8a5a89b226e1400dd0d47
Virgil
The structure known as "Virgil's tomb" is found at the entrance of an ancient Roman tunnel (also known as "grotta vecchia") in Piedigrotta, a district two miles from the centre of Naples, near the Mergellina harbor, on the road heading north along the coast to Pozzuoli. While Virgil was already the object of literary a...
What is the entrance of the ancient Roman tunnel where "Virgil's tomb" is located also called?
{ "text": [ "grotta vecchia" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0265
Virgil
In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgiliu...
Besides Virgilius, which other spelling is permitted in modern usage?
{ "text": [ "Vergilius" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0266
Virgil
In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgiliu...
During which time period was Vergilius spelled Virgilius?
{ "text": [ "Late Empire and Middle Ages" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0267
Virgil
In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgiliu...
In what century did some German-trained classicists in the US suggest modifying the common usage to Vergil?
{ "text": [ "19th" ], "answer_start": [ 690 ] }
56f8a6f19e9bad19000a0268
Virgil
In the Late Empire and Middle Ages Vergilius was spelled Virgilius. Two explanations are commonly given for this alteration. One deduces a false etymology associated with the word virgo ("maiden" in Latin) due to Virgil's excessive, "maiden"-like modesty. Alternatively, some argue that Vergilius was altered to Virgiliu...
Which style guide recommends using Vergilius to avoid confusion with Virgilius Maro Grammaticus?
{ "text": [ "Oxford" ], "answer_start": [ 929 ] }
56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d7
Alps
The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechte...
What Country are the Alps located in?
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d8
Alps
The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechte...
How many kilometres do the Alps stretch?
{ "text": [ "1,200 kilometres" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173d9
Alps
The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechte...
How long has it taken for the Alps to form?
{ "text": [ "over tens of millions of years" ], "answer_start": [ 475 ] }
56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173da
Alps
The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechte...
What is the highest mountain in the Alps?
{ "text": [ "Mont Blanc" ], "answer_start": [ 732 ] }
56f81f0ea6d7ea1400e173db
Alps
The Alps (/ælps/; Italian: Alpi [ˈalpi]; French: Alpes [alp]; German: Alpen [ˈʔalpm̩]; Slovene: Alpe [ˈáːlpɛ]) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechte...
The Alpine region is also known as what?
{ "text": [ "the \"four-thousanders\"" ], "answer_start": [ 936 ] }
56f81fe6aef2371900625df5
Alps
The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevation...
What affects the climate in Europe?
{ "text": [ "The altitude and size of the range" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f81fe6aef2371900625df6
Alps
The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevation...
What type of animal lives inn the higher peaks?
{ "text": [ "ibex" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
56f81fe6aef2371900625df7
Alps
The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevation...
What plant grows in the rocky areas of the range?
{ "text": [ "Edelweiss" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
56f81fe6aef2371900625df8
Alps
The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevation...
Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes as far back to what era?
{ "text": [ "Paleolithic era" ], "answer_start": [ 413 ] }
56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e7
Alps
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon cross...
How old was the mummified man discovered at the Austrian-Italian bored?
{ "text": [ "5,000 years old" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e8
Alps
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon cross...
What culture was well established by the 6th Century BC?
{ "text": [ "the Celtic La Tène culture" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
56f82171a6d7ea1400e173e9
Alps
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon cross...
Who famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants?
{ "text": [ "Hannibal" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
56f82171a6d7ea1400e173ea
Alps
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon cross...
What person took an army of 40,000 across the mountain passes?
{ "text": [ "Napoleon" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
56f82171a6d7ea1400e173eb
Alps
A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1800 Napoleon cross...
Where was Adolf Hitlers base of operation during World War 2?
{ "text": [ "Bavarian Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 627 ] }
56f824aba6d7ea1400e1740f
Alps
The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. Th...
The alps is home to how many people?
{ "text": [ "14 million people" ], "answer_start": [ 450 ] }
56f824aba6d7ea1400e17410
Alps
The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. Th...
How many visitors go to the Alps annually?
{ "text": [ "120 million" ], "answer_start": [ 476 ] }
56f824aba6d7ea1400e17411
Alps
The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. Th...
What is the dominant industry in the Alpine region?
{ "text": [ "tourist industry" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
56f82596aef2371900625e2d
Alps
The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived ...
The English word Alps derives from what Latin Word?
{ "text": [ "Alpes" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
56f82596aef2371900625e2e
Alps
The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived ...
Who says that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts?
{ "text": [ "Maurus Servius Honoratus" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
56f82596aef2371900625e2f
Alps
The English word Alps derives from the Latin Alpes (through French). Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 13) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts. The term may be common to Italo-Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived ...
What languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp?
{ "text": [ "Celtic languages" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
56f827e6aef2371900625e59
Alps
This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ...
There is a theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of what origin?
{ "text": [ "Indo-European origin" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
56f827e6aef2371900625e5a
Alps
This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ...
What name has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe?
{ "text": [ "Albania" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
56f827e6aef2371900625e5b
Alps
This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ...
Albania was a name for what during Roman Times?
{ "text": [ "the eastern Caucasus" ], "answer_start": [ 533 ] }
56f827e6aef2371900625e5c
Alps
This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non-Indo-European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre-Indo-European word *alb "hill"; "Albania" ...
Albania was occasionally used as a name for what in the English language?
{ "text": [ "Scotland" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
56f84664aef2371900625f7b
Alps
It's likely[weasel words] that alb ("white") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.
What words are likely to have common origins?
{ "text": [ "alb (\"white\") and albus" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
56f84664aef2371900625f7d
Alps
It's likely[weasel words] that alb ("white") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.
Alb can also mean what?
{ "text": [ "white" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
56f87461aef23719006260a4
Alps
In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mounta...
What refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months?
{ "text": [ "An alp" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
56f87461aef23719006260a5
Alps
In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mounta...
Words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, spitz, and berd are used in what regions?
{ "text": [ "German speaking regions" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
56f87461aef23719006260a6
Alps
In modern languages the term alp, alm, albe or alpe refers to a grazing pastures in the alpine regions below the glaciers, not the peaks. An alp refers to a high mountain pasture where cows are taken to be grazed during the summer months and where hay barns can be found, and the term "the Alps", referring to the mounta...
Mont, pic, dent and aiguille are words used in what regions?
{ "text": [ "French speaking regions" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
56f8752baef23719006260b6
Alps
The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in a 800 km (500 mi) arc from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Gre...
What are the crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe?
{ "text": [ "The Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f8752baef23719006260b7
Alps
The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in a 800 km (500 mi) arc from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Gre...
What is the mean height of the Alp's peak?
{ "text": [ "2.5 km (1.6 mi)" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56f8752baef23719006260b9
Alps
The Alps are a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in a 800 km (500 mi) arc from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2.5 km (1.6 mi). The range stretches from the Mediterranean Sea north above the Po basin, extending through France from Gre...
Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy have the greatest what?
{ "text": [ "alpine territory" ], "answer_start": [ 809 ] }
56f875e9a6d7ea1400e17679
Alps
The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the...
The highest portion of the Alp's range is divided by what?
{ "text": [ "the glacial trough of the Rhone valley" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
56f875e9a6d7ea1400e1767a
Alps
The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the...
Where are the peaks smaller in the range?
{ "text": [ "the easterly portion" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
56f875e9a6d7ea1400e1767b
Alps
The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the...
The Bernese Alps are located in what part of the range?
{ "text": [ "northern" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
56f876bda6d7ea1400e17689
Alps
The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps makes classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Splüge...
What makes the classification of the mountains and subregions difficult?
{ "text": [ "The variances in nomenclature" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f876bda6d7ea1400e1768a
Alps
The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps makes classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Splüge...
Who came up with the general classification?
{ "text": [ "geologist Stefan Schmid" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
56f876bda6d7ea1400e1768b
Alps
The variances in nomenclature in the region spanned by the Alps makes classification of the mountains and subregions difficult, but a general classification is that of the Eastern Alps and Western Alps with the divide between the two occurring in eastern Switzerland according to geologist Stefan Schmid, near the Splüge...
Where is the divide between the Eastern Alps and Western Alps near?
{ "text": [ "Splügen Pass" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
56f87739aef23719006260c4
Alps
The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
The highest peak of the Western Alps is where?
{ "text": [ "Mont Blanc" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }
56f87739aef23719006260c5
Alps
The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
How tall is the peak at Mont Blanc?
{ "text": [ "4,810 m" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56f87739aef23719006260c6
Alps
The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
The highest peak of the Eastern Alps is where?
{ "text": [ "Piz Bernina" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
56f87739aef23719006260c7
Alps
The highest peaks of the Western Alps and Eastern Alps, respectively, are Mont Blanc, at 4,810 m (15,780 ft) and Piz Bernina at 4,049 metres (13,284 ft). The second-highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,634 m (15,200 ft) and Ortler at 3,905 m (12,810 ft), respectively
How tall is the peak of Piz Bernina
{ "text": [ "4,049 metres" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
56f8782aaef23719006260d6
Alps
Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe...
Where are the French Prealps located?
{ "text": [ "France" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
56f8782aaef23719006260d7
Alps
Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe...
What mountains are located in Switzerland and France?
{ "text": [ "the Jura Mountains" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
56f8782aaef23719006260d8
Alps
Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe...
What follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald?
{ "text": [ "The secondary chain of the Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
56f8782aaef23719006260d9
Alps
Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe...
What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored?
{ "text": [ "the line of the main chain" ], "answer_start": [ 519 ] }
56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b3
Alps
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were establish...
What have been crossed for war and commerce?
{ "text": [ "The Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b4
Alps
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were establish...
What was established during medieval periods by religious orders?
{ "text": [ "hospices" ], "answer_start": [ 297 ] }
56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b5
Alps
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were establish...
Where were hospices established?
{ "text": [ "the summits of many of the main passes" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
56f878f1a6d7ea1400e176b6
Alps
The Alps have been crossed for war and commerce, and by pilgrims, students and tourists. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre-mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were establish...
What is the highest of the most important passes of the Alps?
{ "text": [ "Col de l'Iseran" ], "answer_start": [ 420 ] }
56f87b15aef23719006260e8
Alps
Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built ther...
What seperates the Otztal Alps and Zillertal Alps?
{ "text": [ "the Brenner Pass" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
56f87b15aef23719006260e9
Alps
Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built ther...
How long has the Brenner Pass been used as a trading route?
{ "text": [ "since the 14th century" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
56f87b15aef23719006260ea
Alps
Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built ther...
The lowest of the Alpine passes at what elevation?
{ "text": [ "985 m (3,232 ft)" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }
56f87b15aef23719006260eb
Alps
Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built ther...
Who crossed the Great St. Bernard Pass with 40,000 troops?
{ "text": [ "Napoleon Bonaparte" ], "answer_start": [ 670 ] }
56f87b15aef23719006260ec
Alps
Crossing the Italian-Austrian border, the Brenner Pass separates the Ötztal Alps and Zillertal Alps and has been in use as a trading route since the 14th century. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 985 m (3,232 ft), the Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 12th century when a hospice was built ther...
Where is the highest point in the alps located?
{ "text": [ "col de l'Iseran in Savoy (France)" ], "answer_start": [ 1251 ] }
56f87c08aef23719006260f2
Alps
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became w...
Who began studying the rock formations of the Alps
{ "text": [ "naturalists" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56f87c08aef23719006260f3
Alps
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became w...
When did the studying of rock formations begin in the Alps?
{ "text": [ "the 18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
56f87c08aef23719006260f4
Alps
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became w...
What was used in the mid-19th century to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains?
{ "text": [ "theory of geosynclines" ], "answer_start": [ 170 ] }
56f87c08aef23719006260f5
Alps
Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became w...
What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century?
{ "text": [ "the theory of plate tectonics" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
56f87d46aef23719006260fa
Alps
The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during th...
When did the formation of the alps began?
{ "text": [ "about 300 million years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
56f87d46aef23719006260fb
Alps
The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during th...
What did the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of what during the Paleozoic Era?
{ "text": [ "a single tectonic plate" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
56f87d46aef23719006260fc
Alps
The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during th...
When did the single tectonic plate break into separate plates?
{ "text": [ "the Mesozoic Era" ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
56f87d46aef23719006260fd
Alps
The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during th...
The Tethys sea developed during what period of time?
{ "text": [ "Jurassic Period" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
56f87d46aef23719006260fe
Alps
The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during th...
The collision between the African and the Eurasian plates began during what time?
{ "text": [ "the late Cretaceous Period" ], "answer_start": [ 737 ] }
56f8821eaef237190062613c
Alps
Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger napp...
What was uplifted from extreme compressive stresses and pressure?
{ "text": [ "marine sedimentary rocks" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
56f8821eaef237190062613d
Alps
Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger napp...
When did the layer of marine flysch sediments get deposited in the foreland basin?
{ "text": [ "As the rising peaks underwent erosion" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
56f8821eaef237190062613e
Alps
Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger napp...
What were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse?
{ "text": [ "Coarse sediments" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
56f8821eaef237190062613f
Alps
Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger napp...
Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what?
{ "text": [ "flysch" ], "answer_start": [ 562 ] }
56f883c2aef2371900626144
Alps
The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are sub...
What caused the development of the Jura Mountains?
{ "text": [ "a late-stage orogeny" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
56f883c2aef2371900626145
Alps
The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are sub...
What cause different paleogeographic regions in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods?
{ "text": [ "A series of tectonic events" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
56f883c2aef2371900626146
Alps
The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are sub...
What is another word for rock composition?
{ "text": [ "lithology" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
56f883c2aef2371900626147
Alps
The Alpine orogeny occurred in ongoing cycles through to the Paleogene causing differences in nappe structures, with a late-stage orogeny causing the development of the Jura Mountains. A series of tectonic events in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods caused different paleogeographic regions. The Alps are sub...
What geological subdivision is located in the north?
{ "text": [ "Helveticum" ], "answer_start": [ 534 ] }
56f8851fa6d7ea1400e1770f
Alps
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in th...
What is Stefan Schmid's profession?
{ "text": [ "geologist" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17710
Alps
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in th...
What happened to the Western Alps during the Cenozoic Era
{ "text": [ "a metamorphic event" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17711
Alps
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in th...
When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event?
{ "text": [ "the Cretaceous Period" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17712
Alps
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in th...
The Western Alps and the Austroalpine peaks show distinct differences in what?
{ "text": [ "nappe formations" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
56f8851fa6d7ea1400e17713
Alps
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in th...
When did Flysch deposits probably occur in the Southern Alps of Lombardy?
{ "text": [ "Cretaceous" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
56f8868baef2371900626160
Alps
Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High "massifs" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively ...
What area do peaks in France, Italy, and Switzerland lie in?
{ "text": [ "Houillière zone" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
56f8868baef2371900626161
Alps
Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High "massifs" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively ...
What are more common in the Western Alps?
{ "text": [ "High \"massifs\"" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
56f8868baef2371900626162
Alps
Peaks in France, Italy and Switzerland lie in the "Houillière zone", which consists of basement with sediments from the Mesozoic Era. High "massifs" with external sedimentary cover are more common in the Western Alps and were affected by Neogene Period thin-skinned thrusting whereas the Eastern Alps have comparatively ...
When compared to the Western Alps, what area has few high peaked massifs?
{ "text": [ "Eastern Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772d
Alps
In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the o...
Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what?
{ "text": [ "the structure of the Alps" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }
56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772e
Alps
In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the o...
What is the origin of the bottom nappe structure?
{ "text": [ "continental Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772f
Alps
In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the o...
Where are the top of the nappes derived from?
{ "text": [ "the African plate" ], "answer_start": [ 264 ] }
56f88857a6d7ea1400e17730
Alps
In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the o...
What is an example of the ongoing orogeny?
{ "text": [ "The Matterhorn" ], "answer_start": [ 283 ] }