id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringlengths
3
59
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
12
217
answers
dict
572a01dc1d046914007796c2
Energy
The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer. For homogeneous systems, with a well-defined temperature and pressure, a commonly used corollary of the first law is that, for a system subject only to...
The first law of thermodynamics asserts that what is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer?
{ "text": [ "energy" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
572a023f1d046914007796c7
Energy
This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy states that are t...
What is the principle that is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy?
{ "text": [ "entropy" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a023f1d046914007796c9
Energy
This principle is vitally important to understanding the behaviour of a quantity closely related to energy, called entropy. Entropy is a measure of evenness of a distribution of energy between parts of a system. When an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom (i.e., given new available energy states that are t...
What is the mathematical result when an isolated system is given more degrees of freedom?
{ "text": [ "second law of thermodynamics" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
572a054f6aef0514001551b4
East_Prussia
East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the f...
Who defeated the native Prussians during the 13 century?
{ "text": [ "Teutonic Knights" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }
572a054f6aef0514001551b5
East_Prussia
East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the f...
The Balts were gradually converted into which religion?
{ "text": [ "Christianity" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }
572a054f6aef0514001551b6
East_Prussia
East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the f...
Which ethnic group become dominant following the 13 century just a few hundred years later?
{ "text": [ "Germans" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
572a054f6aef0514001551b7
East_Prussia
East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the f...
What other groups during this period for form minorities?
{ "text": [ "Poles and Lithuanians" ], "answer_start": [ 388 ] }
572a054f6aef0514001551b8
East_Prussia
East Prussia enclosed the bulk of the ancestral lands of the Baltic Old Prussians. During the 13th century, the native Prussians were conquered by the crusading Teutonic Knights. The indigenous Balts who survived the conquest were gradually converted to Christianity. Because of Germanization and colonisation over the f...
Around when did the Old Prussian language become extinct?
{ "text": [ "17th or early 18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 733 ] }
572a14df6aef051400155247
East_Prussia
Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was conn...
In what year were the prince electors elect them selves as King?
{ "text": [ "1701" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
572a14df6aef051400155248
East_Prussia
Because the duchy was outside of the core Holy Roman Empire, the prince-electors of Brandenburg were able to proclaim themselves King of Prussia beginning in 1701. After the annexation of most of western Royal Prussia in the First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772, eastern (ducal) Prussia was conn...
What time period did East Prussia and West Prussia join to become Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Prussia" ], "answer_start": [ 536 ] }
572a17261d0469140077975f
East_Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the...
What year did the Kingdom of Prussia become the leading state of the German Empire?
{ "text": [ "1871" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
572a17261d04691400779760
East_Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the...
What well known treaty would eventually would grant West Prussia to Poland?
{ "text": [ "Versailles" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
572a17261d04691400779761
East_Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the...
What year did the Nazi's fall in World War II?
{ "text": [ "1945" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
572a17261d04691400779763
East_Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the...
How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad?
{ "text": [ "300,000" ], "answer_start": [ 953 ] }
572a1a461d04691400779781
East_Prussia
Upon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occ...
Which group took possession of Prussia in the 13th century?
{ "text": [ "Teutonic Knights" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
572a1a461d04691400779782
East_Prussia
Upon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occ...
Which two areas were slowly Germanized during the 13th century?
{ "text": [ "Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
572a1a461d04691400779783
East_Prussia
Upon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occ...
What did the knights of expansionist polices eventually lead to?
{ "text": [ "several wars" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
572a1a461d04691400779784
East_Prussia
Upon the invitation of Duke Konrad I of Masovia, the Teutonic Knights took possession of Prussia in the 13th century and created a monastic state to administer the conquered Old Prussians. Local Old-Prussian (north) and Polish (south) toponyms were gradually Germanised. The Knights' expansionist policies, including occ...
What year was the Second Treaty of Thorn enacted?
{ "text": [ "1466" ], "answer_start": [ 717 ] }
572a1ca66aef05140015529e
East_Prussia
The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage. Walter von Cro...
Who converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order?
{ "text": [ "Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
572a1ca66aef05140015529f
East_Prussia
The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage. Walter von Cro...
In what year did The Teutonic Order lose Eastern Prussia?
{ "text": [ "1525" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
572a1ca66aef0514001552a0
East_Prussia
The Teutonic Order lost eastern Prussia when Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach converted to Lutheranism and secularized the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order in 1525. Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage. Walter von Cro...
What did Albert establish himself as?
{ "text": [ "first duke of the Duchy of Prussia" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f7
East_Prussia
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in ...
In what year did Maximilian III die?
{ "text": [ "1618" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f8
East_Prussia
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in ...
What happened as a result of Maximilian's death?
{ "text": [ "Albert's line died out" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
572a1e59af94a219006aa7f9
East_Prussia
The Administrator of Prussia, the grandmaster of the Teutonic Order Maximilian III, son of emperor Maximilian II died in 1618. When Maximilian died, Albert's line died out, and the Duchy of Prussia passed to the Electors of Brandenburg, forming Brandenburg-Prussia. Taking advantage of the Swedish invasion of Poland in ...
Who revoked the King of Poland's sovereignty over Prussia in 1660?
{ "text": [ "Frederick William" ], "answer_start": [ 505 ] }
572a206b3f37b3190047870f
East_Prussia
Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III...
Brandenburg was part of what dominating force?
{ "text": [ "Holy Roman Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
572a206b3f37b31900478710
East_Prussia
Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III...
What jurisdiction was the Prussian lands under?
{ "text": [ "Teutonic Order" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
572a206b3f37b31900478711
East_Prussia
Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III...
Who elected there self as King of Prussia in 1701?
{ "text": [ "Frederick III" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
572a206b3f37b31900478712
East_Prussia
Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III...
What did the former Duchy of Prussia become known as?
{ "text": [ "Altpreußen (\"Old Prussia\")" ], "answer_start": [ 656 ] }
572a229a3f37b31900478721
East_Prussia
Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick ...
What wiped out one third of East Prussia's population during the early 1700's?
{ "text": [ "the plague and famine" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
572a229a3f37b31900478722
East_Prussia
Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick ...
What was lost in Prussia's history during the Plague?
{ "text": [ "speakers of Old Prussian" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
572a229a3f37b31900478723
East_Prussia
Approximately one-third of East Prussia's population died in the plague and famine of 1709–1711, including the last speakers of Old Prussian. The plague, probably brought by foreign troops during the Great Northern War, killed 250,000 East Prussians, especially in the province's eastern regions. Crown Prince Frederick ...
What military overran much of East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Russian troops" ], "answer_start": [ 546 ] }
572a268f6aef051400155312
East_Prussia
In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the "Polish Corridor" between his Prussian and Farther Pomerani...
In what year was Royal Prussia annexed?
{ "text": [ "1772" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
572a268f6aef051400155313
East_Prussia
In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the "Polish Corridor" between his Prussian and Farther Pomerani...
In what year was the territory of Warmia incorporated?
{ "text": [ "31 January 1773" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
572a268f6aef051400155314
East_Prussia
In the 1772 First Partition of Poland, the Prussian king Frederick the Great annexed neighboring Royal Prussia, i.e. the Polish voivodeships of Pomerania (Gdańsk Pomerania or Pomerelia), Malbork, Chełmno and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, thereby bridging the "Polish Corridor" between his Prussian and Farther Pomerani...
What was ratified in 1773 in Prussia?
{ "text": [ "The Polish Partition Sejm" ], "answer_start": [ 714 ] }
572a29476aef05140015532a
East_Prussia
After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The F...
What defeat led to Prussia having to swear its allegiance to Napoleon?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Jena-Auerstedt" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
572a29476aef05140015532b
East_Prussia
After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The F...
What city did King Frederick William use to flee Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Königsberg" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
572a29476aef05140015532c
East_Prussia
After the disastrous defeat of the Prussian Army at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt in 1806, Napoleon occupied Berlin and had the officials of the Prussian General Directory swear an oath of allegiance to him, while King Frederick William III and his consort Louise fled via Königsberg and the Curonian Spit to Memel. The F...
What year did Napoleon end of the War of the Fourth Coalition?
{ "text": [ "1807" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
572a2a906aef051400155331
East_Prussia
The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the course of the Prussi...
What was included in the reform?
{ "text": [ "emancipation of the serfs and Jews" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
572a2a906aef051400155332
East_Prussia
The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the course of the Prussi...
In what year was East and West Prussia first united?
{ "text": [ "1824" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }
572a2a906aef051400155333
East_Prussia
The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the course of the Prussi...
When did East and West Prussia split again?
{ "text": [ "1878" ], "answer_start": [ 796 ] }
572a2d163f37b3190047876d
East_Prussia
The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre...
Was the population of the Prussian province in 1900?
{ "text": [ "1,996,626 people" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
572a2d163f37b3190047876e
East_Prussia
The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre...
Which religious group made up the majority of the population in Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Protestants" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
572a2d163f37b3190047876f
East_Prussia
The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre...
Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
572a2f743f37b31900478787
East_Prussia
At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu...
Which country invaded east Prussia in World War I?
{ "text": [ "Russian Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
572a2f743f37b31900478788
East_Prussia
At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu...
Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia?
{ "text": [ "German Army had been directed towards the Western Front" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
572a2f743f37b31900478789
East_Prussia
At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu...
In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place?
{ "text": [ "1914" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
572a303eaf94a219006aa879
East_Prussia
With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia becam...
In what year did Germany become a republic?
{ "text": [ "1918" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
572a303eaf94a219006aa87a
East_Prussia
With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia becam...
What was implemented that separated East Prussia from Germany?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Versailles" ], "answer_start": [ 383 ] }
572a303eaf94a219006aa87b
East_Prussia
With the forced abdication of Emperor William II in 1918, Germany became a republic. Most of West Prussia and the former Prussian Province of Posen, territories annexed by Prussia in the 18th century Partitions of Poland, were ceded to the Second Polish Republic according to the Treaty of Versailles. East Prussia becam...
What was implemented to provide transport to East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "The Seedienst Ostpreußen" ], "answer_start": [ 795 ] }
572a38ef3f37b319004787dd
East_Prussia
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a...
Who was the leader of the East Prussian Nazi Party?
{ "text": [ "Erich Koch" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572a38ef3f37b319004787de
East_Prussia
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a...
What large plans did Koch have?
{ "text": [ "mass-scale industrialization of the largely agricultural province" ], "answer_start": [ 275 ] }
572a38ef3f37b319004787df
East_Prussia
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a...
What even occurred during the summer of 1932 in Konigsberg?
{ "text": [ "attack on the headquarters of the Social Democrats" ], "answer_start": [ 541 ] }
572a38ef3f37b319004787e0
East_Prussia
Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a...
Who was killed in the attack of the Social Democrats?
{ "text": [ "Gustav Sauf" ], "answer_start": [ 654 ] }
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ed
East_Prussia
Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus...
How were East Prussians able to pay for land improvements and road construction?
{ "text": [ "publicly funded emergency relief programs" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ee
East_Prussia
Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus...
What was the name of the initiative to help with the new projects in East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "Erich Koch Plan" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
572a3b9caf94a219006aa8ef
East_Prussia
Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus...
What did Koch report to Hitler in 1933?
{ "text": [ "that unemployment had been banished entirely" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
572a3ff73f37b31900478823
East_Prussia
In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered ...
In what year did the Nazi's alter around one-third of the toponyms of the area?
{ "text": [ "1938" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
572a3ff73f37b31900478824
East_Prussia
In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered ...
Around how many places were renamed when the Nazis entered Prussia?
{ "text": [ "1,500" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
572a3ff73f37b31900478825
East_Prussia
In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered ...
What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands?
{ "text": [ "sent to concentration camps" ], "answer_start": [ 515 ] }
572a41513f37b31900478829
East_Prussia
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Ma...
How many people lived in Easy Prussia in 1939?
{ "text": [ "2.49 million" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
572a41513f37b3190047882a
East_Prussia
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Ma...
Of the population in East Prussia, what percentage of those were German?
{ "text": [ "85%" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
572a41513f37b3190047882b
East_Prussia
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Ma...
How many East Prussian Jews were around in 1939?
{ "text": [ "3,000" ], "answer_start": [ 544 ] }
572a41513f37b3190047882c
East_Prussia
In 1939 East Prussia had 2.49 million inhabitants, 85% of them ethnic Germans, the others Poles in the south who, according to Polish estimates numbered in the interwar period around 300,000-350,000, the Latvian speaking Kursenieki, and Lietuvininkai who spoke Lithuanian in the northeast. Most German East Prussians, Ma...
What happened to those Jews who remained?
{ "text": [ "deported and killed in the Holocaust." ], "answer_start": [ 618 ] }
572a441b6aef0514001553ec
East_Prussia
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant Ge...
In what year was the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau annexed?
{ "text": [ "1939" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
572a441b6aef0514001553ed
East_Prussia
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant Ge...
What other parts of East Prussia were transferred after the annexation of Zichenau?
{ "text": [ "Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
572a441b6aef0514001553ee
East_Prussia
In 1939 the Regierungsbezirk Zichenau was annexed by Germany and incorporated into East Prussia. Parts of it were transferred to other regions, e.g. Suwałki to Regierungsbezirk Gumbinnen and Soldau to Regierungsbezirk Allenstein. Despite Nazi propaganda presenting all of the regions annexed as possessing significant Ge...
Despite all the propaganda that ws presented to the East Prussians what did German populations want within the country?
{ "text": [ "reunification with Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
572a49391d046914007798c5
East_Prussia
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl...
What two countries were East Prussia partitioned into after World Was II?
{ "text": [ "Poland and the Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }
572a49391d046914007798c6
East_Prussia
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl...
What was the city of Konigsberg renamed in to in 1946?
{ "text": [ "Kaliningrad" ], "answer_start": [ 425 ] }
572a49391d046914007798c7
East_Prussia
Following Nazi Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, East Prussia was partitioned between Poland and the Soviet Union according to the Potsdam Conference. Southern East Prussia was placed under Polish administration, while northern East Prussia was divided between the Soviet republics of Russia (the Kaliningrad Obl...
What happened to most of the German population during the war in what is current day Kaliningrad?
{ "text": [ "evacuated during the war" ], "answer_start": [ 492 ] }
572a4a9f1d046914007798d3
East_Prussia
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss...
How many Germans were living in East Prussia in 1945?
{ "text": [ "800,000" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }
572a4a9f1d046914007798d4
East_Prussia
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss...
Around how many camps were set up by the Germans during the way?
{ "text": [ "45 camps" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
572a4a9f1d046914007798d5
East_Prussia
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss...
How many forced labourers were in the largest camp?
{ "text": [ "48,000" ], "answer_start": [ 616 ] }
572a4a9f1d046914007798d6
East_Prussia
Shortly after the end of the war in May 1945, Germans who had fled in early 1945 tried to return to their homes in East Prussia. An estimated number of 800,000 Germans were living in East Prussia during the summer of 1945. Many more were prevented from returning,[citation needed] and the German population of East Pruss...
What were the children that were left behind in East Prussia that was occupied by the Russians referred to as?
{ "text": [ "Wolf children" ], "answer_start": [ 773 ] }
572a4b8b1d046914007798db
East_Prussia
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ...
In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "1945" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
572a4b8b1d046914007798dc
East_Prussia
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ...
How was the pre-war population in East Prussia referred to as?
{ "text": [ "Germanized Poles" ], "answer_start": [ 636 ] }
572a4b8b1d046914007798dd
East_Prussia
Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ...
How much did the Ukrainians make up in population as a percentage in East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "18.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 553 ] }
572a4c637a1753140016ae82
East_Prussia
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe...
What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?
{ "text": [ "1946" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
572a4c637a1753140016ae83
East_Prussia
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe...
In who's honor was the city named Kaliningrad from Konigsberg?
{ "text": [ "Mikhail Kalinin" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
572a4c637a1753140016ae84
East_Prussia
In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe...
Between August 24th and October 26th how many German's left the Oblast to the Soviet Occupation zone?
{ "text": [ "42,094" ], "answer_start": [ 540 ] }
572a4cf51d046914007798e1
East_Prussia
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit...
What happened to the Curonians who lived in the area in East Prussia?
{ "text": [ "expelled by the Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
572a4cf51d046914007798e2
East_Prussia
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit...
What did the Russians consider Curonians?
{ "text": [ "fascists" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }
572a4cf51d046914007798e3
East_Prussia
A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit...
Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?
{ "text": [ "West Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 480 ] }
572a4f507a1753140016ae92
East_Prussia
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w...
Once the German populations was removed, what three groups settled into the nothern area?
{ "text": [ "ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
572a4f507a1753140016ae93
East_Prussia
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w...
In the Soviet section to the north, what did they want to expel from their land?
{ "text": [ "eliminating all remnants of German history" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
572a4f507a1753140016ae94
East_Prussia
After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w...
What else happened in the northern part of East Prussia in the now Russian area?
{ "text": [ "names were replaced by new Russian names" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
572a50227a1753140016ae98
East_Prussia
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad...
What has since been considered in Kalinigrad?
{ "text": [ "reverting Kaliningrad's name to its historic name of Königsberg" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }
572a50227a1753140016ae99
East_Prussia
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad...
What city was completely rebuilt after the Russians and Germans had bombed it?
{ "text": [ "Kaliningrad" ], "answer_start": [ 437 ] }
572a50227a1753140016ae9a
East_Prussia
Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad...
How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?
{ "text": [ "violent and aggressive" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a517b7a1753140016aea6
East_Prussia
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc...
What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?
{ "text": [ "schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails" ], "answer_start": [ 196 ] }
572a517b7a1753140016aea7
East_Prussia
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc...
What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?
{ "text": [ "Provinzialverband" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
572a517b7a1753140016aea8
East_Prussia
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial assoc...
What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?
{ "text": [ "elected by the citizens of the provinces" ], "answer_start": [ 601 ] }
572a11661d04691400779721
Ottoman_Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co...
The Ottoman Empire is also known as what three other names?
{ "text": [ "Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey" ], "answer_start": [ 185 ] }
572a11661d04691400779722
Ottoman_Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co...
When was the Ottoman empire founded?
{ "text": [ "1299" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
572a11661d04691400779723
Ottoman_Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co...
Who founded the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "Oghuz Turks" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
572a11661d04691400779724
Ottoman_Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co...
Where was the Ottoman empire founded?
{ "text": [ "northwestern Anatolia" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }
572a11661d04691400779725
Ottoman_Empire
The Ottoman Empire (/ˈɒtəmən/; Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه‎ Devlet-i Aliyye-i Osmâniyye, Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. After co...
Conquests by who began the transformation of the Ottoman sultanate into an Empire?
{ "text": [ "Murad I" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
572a130d6aef05140015523c
Ottoman_Empire
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu...
Under the reign of who did the Ottoman empire control much of Southeastern Europe?
{ "text": [ "Suleiman the Magnificent" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
572a130d6aef05140015523d
Ottoman_Empire
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu...
During what centuries was the Ottoman empire in control of much of Southeast Europe?
{ "text": [ "16th and 17th centuries" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
572a130d6aef05140015523e
Ottoman_Empire
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu...
How many provinces did the Ottoman empire control at the start of the 17th century?
{ "text": [ "32 provinces" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }
572a130d6aef05140015523f
Ottoman_Empire
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu...
Along with provinces what type of states did the Ottoman empire have control over?
{ "text": [ "vassal states" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }