id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572a130d6aef051400155240 | Ottoman_Empire | During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu... | What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"North Africa, and the Horn of Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a7 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What was the capital of the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a8 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ? | {
"text": [
"lands around the Mediterranean basin"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a9 | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | When did the Ottoman empire decline? | {
"text": [
"into the late nineteenth century"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7aa | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What nation did the Ottoman empire align with in the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
572a13e2af94a219006aa7ab | Ottoman_Empire | With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late... | What led to the decline of the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"military setbacks against European powers"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b1 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word? | {
"text": [
"Ottoman"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b2 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"House of Osman"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b3 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty? | {
"text": [
"House of Osman"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b4 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | What is the origin of Osman's name? | {
"text": [
"Arabic"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
572a1481af94a219006aa7b5 | Ottoman_Empire | The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred... | In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as? | {
"text": [
"The Supreme State of the Ottomans"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786c9 | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | Who was the father of Osman I? | {
"text": [
"Ertuğrul"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786ca | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum? | {
"text": [
"400 horsemen"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cb | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise? | {
"text": [
"14th century"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cc | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as? | {
"text": [
"Ghazi emirates"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
572a15493f37b319004786cd | Ottoman_Empire | Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk... | To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements? | {
"text": [
"Byzantine Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7cf | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | Which city did Osman's son capture? | {
"text": [
"Bursa"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d0 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city? | {
"text": [
"1324"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d1 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city? | {
"text": [
"Orhan"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d2 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387? | {
"text": [
"Thessaloniki"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d3 | Ottoman_Empire | In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes... | In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo? | {
"text": [
"1389"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155256 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans? | {
"text": [
"conquest of Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155257 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by? | {
"text": [
"Byzantine"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155258 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What leader invaded Anatolia from the east? | {
"text": [
"Timur"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
572a16b56aef051400155259 | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | Timur was the founder of what? | {
"text": [
"Timurid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
572a16b56aef05140015525a | Ottoman_Empire | With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ... | What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Ankara"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779771 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s? | {
"text": [
"Murad II"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779772 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II? | {
"text": [
"10 November 1444"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779773 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what? | {
"text": [
"Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779774 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | What battle took place on 10 November 1444? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Varna"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
572a18fc1d04691400779775 | Ottoman_Empire | Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H... | In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448? | {
"text": [
"Second Battle of Kosovo"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527a | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | Who was the son of Murad II? | {
"text": [
"Mehmed the Conqueror"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527b | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What city was conquered on 29 May 1453? | {
"text": [
"Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527c | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"its autonomy and land"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527d | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what? | {
"text": [
"Venetian rule"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
572a19f56aef05140015527e | Ottoman_Empire | The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By... | What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy?? | {
"text": [
"Albanian resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786eb | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive? | {
"text": [
"1520–1566"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ec | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | In what year did Suleiman the Magnificent capture Belgrade? | {
"text": [
"1521"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ed | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | Suleiman the Magnificent had an important victory in what battle in 1526? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Mohács"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ee | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to? | {
"text": [
"Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ef | Ottoman_Empire | Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ... | In what siege was Suleiman the Magnificent stopped when attacking Vienna in 1532? | {
"text": [
"the Siege of Güns"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fd | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | France and the Ottoman Empire united against what? | {
"text": [
"Habsburg rule"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fe | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | Where did the French lay conquest in 1553? | {
"text": [
"Corsica"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7ff | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king? | {
"text": [
"Francis I"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa800 | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice? | {
"text": [
"Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
572a1e9daf94a219006aa801 | Ottoman_Empire | France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu... | What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547? | {
"text": [
"Ferdinand"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa80f | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | Who argues that there was steep decline and stagnation after the death of Suleiman? | {
"text": [
"Stephen Lee"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa810 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | In what year did Suleiman die? | {
"text": [
"1566"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa811 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | By what year was it argued that the Ottoman empire was merely "a shadow" of what it was in 1566? | {
"text": [
"1699"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa812 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent? | {
"text": [
"1566 to 1703"
],
"answer_start": [
695
]
} |
572a20e4af94a219006aa813 | Ottoman_Empire | The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ... | What factor caused inflation in the Ottoman empire? | {
"text": [
"war"
],
"answer_start": [
1158
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552f8 | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire? | {
"text": [
"Sultans"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552f9 | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology? | {
"text": [
"military technology"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fa | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire? | {
"text": [
"religious and intellectual"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fb | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | What battle took place in 1683? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
572a22256aef0514001552fc | Ottoman_Empire | The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i... | The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
572a24703f37b3190047872f | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what? | {
"text": [
"new maritime trade routes"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478730 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | What did the Portuguese discover in 1488? | {
"text": [
"the Cape of Good Hope"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478731 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century? | {
"text": [
"the Indian Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478732 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean? | {
"text": [
"The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
572a24703f37b31900478733 | Ottoman_Empire | The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w... | New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom? | {
"text": [
"the Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478747 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | Which Spaniard led a battle in 1571? | {
"text": [
"Philip II"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478748 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | What battle did the Spanish win in 1571? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Lepanto"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
572a25973f37b31900478749 | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | What siege occurred in 1565? | {
"text": [
"Siege of Malta"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
572a25973f37b3190047874a | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | In what year did Venice sign a peace treaty with the Ottomans? | {
"text": [
"1573"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
572a25973f37b3190047874b | Ottoman_Empire | In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o... | After signing a peace treaty with Venice, in what region did the Ottoman empire expand? | {
"text": [
"North Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
572a27803f37b31900478751 | Ottoman_Empire | By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr... | What was the late 16th century war against Habsburg Austria known as? | {
"text": [
"The Long War"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
572a27803f37b31900478752 | Ottoman_Empire | By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr... | During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur? | {
"text": [
"1593–1606"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
572a27803f37b31900478753 | Ottoman_Empire | By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr... | What were ottoman irregular sharpshooters known as? | {
"text": [
"Sekban"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
572a27803f37b31900478754 | Ottoman_Empire | By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr... | What was the population of the Ottoman empire at the beginning of the 17th century? | {
"text": [
"30 million people"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} |
572a27803f37b31900478755 | Ottoman_Empire | By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr... | A war occurring from 1603 to 1618 resulted in what treaty? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Nasuh Pasha"
],
"answer_start": [
1087
]
} |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83d | Ottoman_Empire | During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am... | Who recaptured Iraq in 1639? | {
"text": [
"Murad IV"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83e | Ottoman_Empire | During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am... | Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639? | {
"text": [
"the Safavids"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83f | Ottoman_Empire | During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am... | When was Kösem murdered? | {
"text": [
"1651"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa840 | Ottoman_Empire | During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am... | What years define the Köprülü Era? | {
"text": [
"1656–1703"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
572a28cdaf94a219006aa841 | Ottoman_Empire | During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am... | What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669? | {
"text": [
"Crete"
],
"answer_start": [
858
]
} |
572a29f63f37b3190047875b | Ottoman_Empire | This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol... | Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683? | {
"text": [
"Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
572a29f63f37b3190047875c | Ottoman_Empire | This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol... | What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as? | {
"text": [
"the Great Turkish War"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
572a29f63f37b3190047875d | Ottoman_Empire | This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol... | Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna? | {
"text": [
"Jan III Sobieski"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
572a29f63f37b3190047875e | Ottoman_Empire | This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol... | What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as? | {
"text": [
"the Holy League"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
572a29f63f37b3190047875f | Ottoman_Empire | This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol... | What treaty was signed 26 January 1699? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Karlowitz"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa857 | Ottoman_Empire | After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa... | Oltenia is also known as what? | {
"text": [
"Little Walachia"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa858 | Ottoman_Empire | After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa... | The Austro-Turkish war took place over what years? | {
"text": [
"1716–1718"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa859 | Ottoman_Empire | After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa... | The Austro Turkish War culminated in the signing of what treaty? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Passarowitz"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85a | Ottoman_Empire | After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa... | The Treaty of Belgrade was the result of a war known as what? | {
"text": [
"Austro-Russian–Turkish War"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85b | Ottoman_Empire | After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa... | What port was lost by the Ottoman empire as a result of the Treaty of Belgrade? | {
"text": [
"port of Azov"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
572a2cfc1d04691400779817 | Ottoman_Empire | Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ... | What is one university that was formed in the early 18th century of the empire? | {
"text": [
"Istanbul Technical University"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
572a2cfc1d04691400779818 | Ottoman_Empire | Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ... | What type of school was established in the empire in 1734? | {
"text": [
"an artillery school"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
572a2cfc1d04691400779819 | Ottoman_Empire | Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ... | In 1754 what man convinced the Grand Vizier to allow the use of the printing press? | {
"text": [
"Ibrahim Muteferrika"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
572a2cfc1d0469140077981a | Ottoman_Empire | Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ... | Who was the Ottoaman Grand Vizier in 1726? | {
"text": [
"Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
572a2cfc1d0469140077981b | Ottoman_Empire | Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ... | In what year did an Ottoman press produce its first book? | {
"text": [
"1729"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877d | Ottoman_Empire | In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K... | Which group supported by Russia entered Balta in 1768? | {
"text": [
"Ukrainian Haidamaks"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877e | Ottoman_Empire | In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K... | Near what region was Balta bording? | {
"text": [
"Bessarabia"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877f | Ottoman_Empire | In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K... | During what years was the Russo-Turkish war? | {
"text": [
"1768–1774"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
572a2f0e3f37b31900478780 | Ottoman_Empire | In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K... | The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
572a2f0e3f37b31900478781 | Ottoman_Empire | In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K... | The culmination of the Russo-Turkish war granted what to the citizens of Ottoman controlled Provinces in Moldavia? | {
"text": [
"freedom to worship"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
572a301c3f37b3190047878d | Ottoman_Empire | The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi... | During what years did the Serbian Revolution occur? | {
"text": [
"1804–1815"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
572a301c3f37b3190047878e | Ottoman_Empire | The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi... | What Serbian monarchy was acknowledged in 1830? | {
"text": [
"Suzerainty of Serbia"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
572a301c3f37b3190047878f | Ottoman_Empire | The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi... | There was a war proclaimed against the Ottoman Sultan in 1821, who declared it? | {
"text": [
"the Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
572a301c3f37b31900478790 | Ottoman_Empire | The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi... | Some parts of the Ottoman Empire gained independence in what year? | {
"text": [
"1829"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
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