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572a130d6aef051400155240
Ottoman_Empire
During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th centu...
What regions of Africa were under control of the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "North Africa, and the Horn of Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a7
Ottoman_Empire
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late...
What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "Constantinople" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a8
Ottoman_Empire
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late...
What Ottoman empire controlled lands contributed to the centre of transactions between East and West ?
{ "text": [ "lands around the Mediterranean basin" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
572a13e2af94a219006aa7a9
Ottoman_Empire
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late...
When did the Ottoman empire decline?
{ "text": [ "into the late nineteenth century" ], "answer_start": [ 307 ] }
572a13e2af94a219006aa7aa
Ottoman_Empire
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late...
What nation did the Ottoman empire align with in the 20th century?
{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
572a13e2af94a219006aa7ab
Ottoman_Empire
With Constantinople as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries. Following a long period of military setbacks against European powers, the Ottoman Empire gradually declined into the late...
What led to the decline of the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "military setbacks against European powers" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
572a1481af94a219006aa7b1
Ottoman_Empire
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred...
An anglicization of the name Osman I results in what word?
{ "text": [ "Ottoman" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
572a1481af94a219006aa7b2
Ottoman_Empire
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred...
What house was the founder of the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "House of Osman" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a1481af94a219006aa7b3
Ottoman_Empire
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred...
What was another name for the Ottoman Dynasty?
{ "text": [ "House of Osman" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a1481af94a219006aa7b4
Ottoman_Empire
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred...
What is the origin of Osman's name?
{ "text": [ "Arabic" ], "answer_start": [ 262 ] }
572a1481af94a219006aa7b5
Ottoman_Empire
The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was derived from the Persian form of the name ʿUthmān عثمان of ultimately Arabic origin. In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred...
In a literal sense what was the Ottoman empire referred to as?
{ "text": [ "The Supreme State of the Ottomans" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
572a15493f37b319004786c9
Ottoman_Empire
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
Who was the father of Osman I?
{ "text": [ "Ertuğrul" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572a15493f37b319004786ca
Ottoman_Empire
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
How many horsemen did Osman I's father bring to aid the Seljuks of Rum?
{ "text": [ "400 horsemen" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a15493f37b319004786cb
Ottoman_Empire
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
When did the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum reach its demise?
{ "text": [ "14th century" ], "answer_start": [ 241 ] }
572a15493f37b319004786cc
Ottoman_Empire
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
What did the divided Anatolia end up being referred to as?
{ "text": [ "Ghazi emirates" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
572a15493f37b319004786cd
Ottoman_Empire
Ertuğrul, the father of Osman I (founder of the Ottoman Empire), arrived in Anatolia from Merv (Turkmenistan) with 400 horsemen to aid the Seljuks of Rum against the Byzantines. After the demise of the Turkish Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in the 14th century, Anatolia was divided into a patchwork of independent, mostly Turk...
To the edge of what empire did Osman I push Turkish settlements?
{ "text": [ "Byzantine Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 529 ] }
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7cf
Ottoman_Empire
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes...
Which city did Osman's son capture?
{ "text": [ "Bursa" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d0
Ottoman_Empire
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes...
In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city?
{ "text": [ "1324" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d1
Ottoman_Empire
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes...
What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city?
{ "text": [ "Orhan" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d2
Ottoman_Empire
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes...
What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387?
{ "text": [ "Thessaloniki" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }
572a15ffaf94a219006aa7d3
Ottoman_Empire
In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwes...
In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo?
{ "text": [ "1389" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
572a16b56aef051400155256
Ottoman_Empire
With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ...
What was an objective of Turkey after its expansion into the Balkans?
{ "text": [ "conquest of Constantinople" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }
572a16b56aef051400155257
Ottoman_Empire
With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ...
What empire were the controlled lands surrounding Constantinople formerly controlled by?
{ "text": [ "Byzantine" ], "answer_start": [ 178 ] }
572a16b56aef051400155258
Ottoman_Empire
With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ...
What leader invaded Anatolia from the east?
{ "text": [ "Timur" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
572a16b56aef051400155259
Ottoman_Empire
With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ...
Timur was the founder of what?
{ "text": [ "Timurid Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
572a16b56aef05140015525a
Ottoman_Empire
With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the ...
What battle between Timur and the Ottoman empire took place in 1402?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Ankara" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
572a18fc1d04691400779771
Ottoman_Empire
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
Who recovered Ottoman empire territories in the Balkans in the 1430s to the 1450s?
{ "text": [ "Murad II" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
572a18fc1d04691400779772
Ottoman_Empire
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
On what date were the armies under Władysław III defeated by Murad II?
{ "text": [ "10 November 1444" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
572a18fc1d04691400779773
Ottoman_Empire
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
Władysław III of Poland was also the king of what?
{ "text": [ "Hungary" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
572a18fc1d04691400779774
Ottoman_Empire
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
What battle took place on 10 November 1444?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Varna" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
572a18fc1d04691400779775
Ottoman_Empire
Part of the Ottoman territories in the Balkans (such as Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Kosovo) were temporarily lost after 1402 but were later recovered by Murad II between the 1430s and 1450s. On 10 November 1444, Murad II defeated the Hungarian, Polish, and Wallachian armies under Władysław III of Poland (also King of H...
In what battle did Murad II leave as the victory in 1448?
{ "text": [ "Second Battle of Kosovo" ], "answer_start": [ 620 ] }
572a19f56aef05140015527a
Ottoman_Empire
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By...
Who was the son of Murad II?
{ "text": [ "Mehmed the Conqueror" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
572a19f56aef05140015527b
Ottoman_Empire
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By...
What city was conquered on 29 May 1453?
{ "text": [ "Constantinople" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
572a19f56aef05140015527c
Ottoman_Empire
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By...
What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "its autonomy and land" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
572a19f56aef05140015527d
Ottoman_Empire
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By...
The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what?
{ "text": [ "Venetian rule" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
572a19f56aef05140015527e
Ottoman_Empire
The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later By...
What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy??
{ "text": [ "Albanian resistance" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
572a1cdf3f37b319004786eb
Ottoman_Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ...
During what years was Suleiman the Magnificent alive?
{ "text": [ "1520–1566" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ec
Ottoman_Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ...
In what year did Suleiman the Magnificent capture Belgrade?
{ "text": [ "1521" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ed
Ottoman_Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ...
Suleiman the Magnificent had an important victory in what battle in 1526?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Mohács" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ee
Ottoman_Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ...
After a victorious battle in 1526 in what present-day nation was Turkish rule expanded to?
{ "text": [ "Hungary" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
572a1cdf3f37b319004786ef
Ottoman_Empire
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566) captured Belgrade in 1521, conquered the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Hungary as part of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars,[not in citation given] and, after his historical victory in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he established Turkish rule in the territory of present-day ...
In what siege was Suleiman the Magnificent stopped when attacking Vienna in 1532?
{ "text": [ "the Siege of Güns" ], "answer_start": [ 524 ] }
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fd
Ottoman_Empire
France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu...
France and the Ottoman Empire united against what?
{ "text": [ "Habsburg rule" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7fe
Ottoman_Empire
France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu...
Where did the French lay conquest in 1553?
{ "text": [ "Corsica" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
572a1e9daf94a219006aa7ff
Ottoman_Empire
France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu...
The conquest of Nice was an effort by Suleiman and what French king?
{ "text": [ "Francis I" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }
572a1e9daf94a219006aa800
Ottoman_Empire
France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu...
What were the names of the Ottoman admirals who commanded the conquest of Nice?
{ "text": [ "Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Turgut Reis" ], "answer_start": [ 287 ] }
572a1e9daf94a219006aa801
Ottoman_Empire
France and the Ottoman Empire, united by mutual opposition to Habsburg rule, became strong allies. The French conquests of Nice (1543) and Corsica (1553) occurred as a joint venture between the forces of the French king Francis I and Suleiman, and were commanded by the Ottoman admirals Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha and Tu...
What ruler recognized the Ottomans in 1547?
{ "text": [ "Ferdinand" ], "answer_start": [ 543 ] }
572a20e4af94a219006aa80f
Ottoman_Empire
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ...
Who argues that there was steep decline and stagnation after the death of Suleiman?
{ "text": [ "Stephen Lee" ], "answer_start": [ 28 ] }
572a20e4af94a219006aa810
Ottoman_Empire
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ...
In what year did Suleiman die?
{ "text": [ "1566" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }
572a20e4af94a219006aa811
Ottoman_Empire
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ...
By what year was it argued that the Ottoman empire was merely "a shadow" of what it was in 1566?
{ "text": [ "1699" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
572a20e4af94a219006aa812
Ottoman_Empire
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ...
Beginning and ending with what years does Lee argue that the rules of the Empire were incompetent?
{ "text": [ "1566 to 1703" ], "answer_start": [ 695 ] }
572a20e4af94a219006aa813
Ottoman_Empire
The stagnation and decline, Stephen Lee argues, was relentless after the death of Suleiman in 1566, interrupted by a few short revivals or reform and recovery. The decline gathered speed so that the Empire in 1699 was, "a mere shadow of that which intimidated East and West alike in 1566." Although there are dissenting ...
What factor caused inflation in the Ottoman empire?
{ "text": [ "war" ], "answer_start": [ 1158 ] }
572a22256aef0514001552f8
Ottoman_Empire
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i...
Poor rule by what class of people strained the empire?
{ "text": [ "Sultans" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
572a22256aef0514001552f9
Ottoman_Empire
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i...
Europeans gained on the Ottoman empire in what type of technology?
{ "text": [ "military technology" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
572a22256aef0514001552fa
Ottoman_Empire
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i...
What types of conservative beliefs slowed the expansion of the empire?
{ "text": [ "religious and intellectual" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
572a22256aef0514001552fb
Ottoman_Empire
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i...
What battle took place in 1683?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Vienna" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
572a22256aef0514001552fc
Ottoman_Empire
The effective military and bureaucratic structures of the previous century came under strain during a protracted period of misrule by weak Sultans. The Ottomans gradually fell behind the Europeans in military technology as the innovation that fed the Empire's forceful expansion became stifled by growing religious and i...
The empire ceased its expansion into what area after a battle in 1683?
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 512 ] }
572a24703f37b3190047872f
Ottoman_Empire
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w...
Avoiding the strength of Ottoman trade was accomplished with the discovery of what?
{ "text": [ "new maritime trade routes" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
572a24703f37b31900478730
Ottoman_Empire
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w...
What did the Portuguese discover in 1488?
{ "text": [ "the Cape of Good Hope" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }
572a24703f37b31900478731
Ottoman_Empire
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w...
Where did the Ottoman and Portuguese have Naval wars in the 16th century?
{ "text": [ "the Indian Ocean" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }
572a24703f37b31900478732
Ottoman_Empire
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w...
Who did the Ottomans ally with in the Indian Ocean?
{ "text": [ "The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }
572a24703f37b31900478733
Ottoman_Empire
The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied w...
New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?
{ "text": [ "the Portuguese" ], "answer_start": [ 528 ] }
572a25973f37b31900478747
Ottoman_Empire
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o...
Which Spaniard led a battle in 1571?
{ "text": [ "Philip II" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }
572a25973f37b31900478748
Ottoman_Empire
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o...
What battle did the Spanish win in 1571?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Lepanto" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
572a25973f37b31900478749
Ottoman_Empire
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o...
What siege occurred in 1565?
{ "text": [ "Siege of Malta" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
572a25973f37b3190047874a
Ottoman_Empire
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o...
In what year did Venice sign a peace treaty with the Ottomans?
{ "text": [ "1573" ], "answer_start": [ 578 ] }
572a25973f37b3190047874b
Ottoman_Empire
In southern Europe, a Catholic coalition led by Philip II of Spain won a victory over the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto (1571). It was a startling, if mostly symbolic, blow to the image of Ottoman invincibility, an image which the victory of the Knights of Malta against the Ottoman invaders in the 1565 Siege o...
After signing a peace treaty with Venice, in what region did the Ottoman empire expand?
{ "text": [ "North Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 650 ] }
572a27803f37b31900478751
Ottoman_Empire
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr...
What was the late 16th century war against Habsburg Austria known as?
{ "text": [ "The Long War" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }
572a27803f37b31900478752
Ottoman_Empire
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr...
During what years did the Ottoman war against Habsburg Austria occur?
{ "text": [ "1593–1606" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
572a27803f37b31900478753
Ottoman_Empire
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr...
What were ottoman irregular sharpshooters known as?
{ "text": [ "Sekban" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }
572a27803f37b31900478754
Ottoman_Empire
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr...
What was the population of the Ottoman empire at the beginning of the 17th century?
{ "text": [ "30 million people" ], "answer_start": [ 681 ] }
572a27803f37b31900478755
Ottoman_Empire
By contrast, the Habsburg frontier had settled somewhat, a stalemate caused by a stiffening of the Habsburg defences. The Long War against Habsburg Austria (1593–1606) created the need for greater numbers of Ottoman infantry equipped with firearms, resulting in a relaxation of recruitment policy. This contributed to pr...
A war occurring from 1603 to 1618 resulted in what treaty?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Nasuh Pasha" ], "answer_start": [ 1087 ] }
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83d
Ottoman_Empire
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am...
Who recaptured Iraq in 1639?
{ "text": [ "Murad IV" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83e
Ottoman_Empire
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am...
Who had control over Iraq before it was recaptured in 1639?
{ "text": [ "the Safavids" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
572a28cdaf94a219006aa83f
Ottoman_Empire
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am...
When was Kösem murdered?
{ "text": [ "1651" ], "answer_start": [ 606 ] }
572a28cdaf94a219006aa840
Ottoman_Empire
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am...
What years define the Köprülü Era?
{ "text": [ "1656–1703" ], "answer_start": [ 636 ] }
572a28cdaf94a219006aa841
Ottoman_Empire
During his brief majority reign, Murad IV (1612–1640) reasserted central authority and recaptured Iraq (1639) from the Safavids. The resulting Treaty of Zuhab of that same year decisively parted the Caucasus and adjacent regions between the two neighbouring empires as it had already been defined in the 1555 Peace of Am...
What territory was conquered by the Köprülü Vizierate in 1669?
{ "text": [ "Crete" ], "answer_start": [ 858 ] }
572a29f63f37b3190047875b
Ottoman_Empire
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol...
Which Grand Vizier attempted a siege of Vienna in 1683?
{ "text": [ "Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
572a29f63f37b3190047875c
Ottoman_Empire
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol...
What was the war that took place from 1683 to 1687 known as?
{ "text": [ "the Great Turkish War" ], "answer_start": [ 174 ] }
572a29f63f37b3190047875d
Ottoman_Empire
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol...
Which polish king led the fight against the Ottoman empire in the Battle of Vienna?
{ "text": [ "Jan III Sobieski" ], "answer_start": [ 362 ] }
572a29f63f37b3190047875e
Ottoman_Empire
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol...
What was the alliance against the late 17th century Ottoman empire known as?
{ "text": [ "the Holy League" ], "answer_start": [ 420 ] }
572a29f63f37b3190047875f
Ottoman_Empire
This period of renewed assertiveness came to a calamitous end in May 1683 when Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha led a huge army to attempt a second Ottoman siege of Vienna in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1687. The final assault being fatally delayed, the Ottoman forces were swept away by allied Habsburg, German and Pol...
What treaty was signed 26 January 1699?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Karlowitz" ], "answer_start": [ 507 ] }
572a2ab6af94a219006aa857
Ottoman_Empire
After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa...
Oltenia is also known as what?
{ "text": [ "Little Walachia" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
572a2ab6af94a219006aa858
Ottoman_Empire
After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa...
The Austro-Turkish war took place over what years?
{ "text": [ "1716–1718" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
572a2ab6af94a219006aa859
Ottoman_Empire
After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa...
The Austro Turkish War culminated in the signing of what treaty?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Passarowitz" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85a
Ottoman_Empire
After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa...
The Treaty of Belgrade was the result of a war known as what?
{ "text": [ "Austro-Russian–Turkish War" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
572a2ab6af94a219006aa85b
Ottoman_Empire
After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which wa...
What port was lost by the Ottoman empire as a result of the Treaty of Belgrade?
{ "text": [ "port of Azov" ], "answer_start": [ 435 ] }
572a2cfc1d04691400779817
Ottoman_Empire
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ...
What is one university that was formed in the early 18th century of the empire?
{ "text": [ "Istanbul Technical University" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
572a2cfc1d04691400779818
Ottoman_Empire
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ...
What type of school was established in the empire in 1734?
{ "text": [ "an artillery school" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
572a2cfc1d04691400779819
Ottoman_Empire
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ...
In 1754 what man convinced the Grand Vizier to allow the use of the printing press?
{ "text": [ "Ibrahim Muteferrika" ], "answer_start": [ 392 ] }
572a2cfc1d0469140077981a
Ottoman_Empire
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ...
Who was the Ottoaman Grand Vizier in 1726?
{ "text": [ "Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
572a2cfc1d0469140077981b
Ottoman_Empire
Educational and technological reforms came about, including the establishment of higher education institutions such as the Istanbul Technical University. In 1734 an artillery school was established to impart Western-style artillery methods, but the Islamic clergy successfully objected under the grounds of theodicy. In ...
In what year did an Ottoman press produce its first book?
{ "text": [ "1729" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877d
Ottoman_Empire
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K...
Which group supported by Russia entered Balta in 1768?
{ "text": [ "Ukrainian Haidamaks" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877e
Ottoman_Empire
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K...
Near what region was Balta bording?
{ "text": [ "Bessarabia" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
572a2f0e3f37b3190047877f
Ottoman_Empire
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K...
During what years was the Russo-Turkish war?
{ "text": [ "1768–1774" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
572a2f0e3f37b31900478780
Ottoman_Empire
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K...
The Russo-Turkish War resulted in what treaty?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca" ], "answer_start": [ 303 ] }
572a2f0e3f37b31900478781
Ottoman_Empire
In 1768 Russian-backed Ukrainian Haidamaks, pursuing Polish confederates, entered Balta, an Ottoman-controlled town on the border of Bessarabia in Ukraine, and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground. This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774. The Treaty of Küçük K...
The culmination of the Russo-Turkish war granted what to the citizens of Ottoman controlled Provinces in Moldavia?
{ "text": [ "freedom to worship" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
572a301c3f37b3190047878d
Ottoman_Empire
The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi...
During what years did the Serbian Revolution occur?
{ "text": [ "1804–1815" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
572a301c3f37b3190047878e
Ottoman_Empire
The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi...
What Serbian monarchy was acknowledged in 1830?
{ "text": [ "Suzerainty of Serbia" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
572a301c3f37b3190047878f
Ottoman_Empire
The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi...
There was a war proclaimed against the Ottoman Sultan in 1821, who declared it?
{ "text": [ "the Greeks" ], "answer_start": [ 243 ] }
572a301c3f37b31900478790
Ottoman_Empire
The Serbian revolution (1804–1815) marked the beginning of an era of national awakening in the Balkans during the Eastern Question. Suzerainty of Serbia as a hereditary monarchy under its own dynasty was acknowledged de jure in 1830. In 1821, the Greeks declared war on the Sultan. A rebellion that originated in Moldavi...
Some parts of the Ottoman Empire gained independence in what year?
{ "text": [ "1829" ], "answer_start": [ 526 ] }