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17,700 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Remote Intelligent Service Platform for Railway Signal System, and key words: Training, Concurrent computing, System verification, Systems operation, Maintenance engineering, Rail transportation, Problem-solving. Abstract: Nowadays, as an important development direction in the railway field, railway informatization construction has injected strong impetus into supporting the rapid development of China Railway. As a key advanced control technology for train operation, railway signal system requires the development and maintenance of the full life cycle. Therefore, a remote intelligent service platform for railway signal system is proposed. The platform has the characteristics of multiple concurrency, low latency and high intelligence. It uses virtualized cloud computing technology to support multiple users online, uses 5G and encryption technology for remote authorization login, and uses artificial intelligence technology for intelligent training and problem solving. The platform is of great significance for supporting scientific deployment in the railway field, transforming traditional office mode, and strengthening the maintenance of full life cycle of railway signal system. |
17,701 | Please write an abstract with title: Data-Driven Rendering of Motion Effects for Walking Sensations in Different Gaits, and key words: Legged locomotion, Haptic interfaces, Motion measurement, Foot, Rendering (computer graphics), Motion segmentation, Vibrations. Abstract: Motion effects are a vital component in 4D interactive applications, where special physical effects, such as motion, vibration, and wind, are provided with audiovisual stimuli. In 4D films and VR games, the scenes that show human locomotion appear frequently, and motion effects emphasizing such movements can enhance the viewers’ immersive experiences. This paper proposes a data-driven framework for automatic generation of the motion effects that provide users with walking sensations. Measurements are made using the motion sensors attached to the human body during locomotion in different gaits, e.g., walking, running, and stumping. The captured data are processed and converted to multiple degree-of-freedom commands to a motion platform. We demonstrate that the data-driven motion commands can be represented in a greatly lower-dimensional space by principal component analysis. This finding leads to an algorithm for the synthesis of new motion commands that can elicit the target gait's walking sensations. The perceptual performance of our method is validated by two user studies. This work contributes to investigating the feasibility of mimicking walking sensations using a motion platform based on human locomotion data and developing an automatic generation algorithm of motion effects conveying the impressions of different gaits. |
17,702 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Torque Boundary-Based Model Predictive Torque Control for PMSM Without Weighting Factor, and key words: Torque, Stators, Torque measurement, Switches, Voltage control, Cost function, Control systems. Abstract: In this article, a novel torque boundary-based model predictive torque control (MPTC) is proposed to improve the torque and flux performance in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives by straightforwardly reducing the corresponding ripples. For this purpose, an optimal sequential list of two voltage vectors is considered as candidate input and the time durations of the two vectors to be applied are determined based on a predefined torque ripple tolerance band. Considering the torque outcomes both at the switching instant and at the end of the control period, the torque can be limited within the upper and lower boundaries of the preset tolerance band during the whole control period. Meanwhile, by monitoring the number of defined valid vector sequences, the torque boundaries can be optimized online. As a result, the torque ripple can be restrained to a fairly small range, and the torque boundary design work is avoided. In addition, according to the predicted torque outcomes of the candidate inputs, a group of vector sequences can be excluded from the control set before optimization, reducing the computation cost. Moreover, due to the preset torque ripple tolerance, the weighting factor in the cost function is eliminated, thereby avoiding the corresponding tuning work. Experimental results are presented to reveal the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. |
17,703 | Please write an abstract with title: Uniform N-Polar III-Nitrides on Si(111) by MBE, and key words: Silicon, Nanostructures, Compounds, III-V semiconductor materials, Substrates, Aluminum nitride. Abstract: The importance of growth conditions for N-polar nitride MBE growth on Si is examined. It is found that metal-rich conditions at the initiation of growth lead to Al-Si eutectic formation. The eutectic can cause holes in the substrate and AlN layer, and floats on the nitride surface but can be incorporated into the nitride if the growth becomes N-rich. The inclusion of Si from the eutectic can cause polarity inversion, with greater levels of Si and inversion found in samples initiated with higher Al levels and, therefore, higher levels of eutectic formation. Evidence of eutectic was not found in samples where growth was started close to stoichiometry. In addition, the eutectic related defects in the nitride buffers typically did not propagate into nanostructures grown on them by selective area growth. |
17,704 | Please write an abstract with title: Preventive measures to reduce bird-related power Outages-part I: electrocution and collision, and key words: Power measurement, Birds, Hazards, Pollution measurement, Collision mitigation, Insulation, Contamination, Conductors, Power distribution lines, Broadcasting. Abstract: The paper provides a review of the electrocution and collision hazards of overhead distribution lines of large birds, particularly raptors, which can be reduced through modifications to existing design standards. The modifications to overhead distribution lines discussed in the paper include pole-line reconfiguration, the use of cover-up materials, perch deterrents, and line markers. The paper also discusses the effectiveness of these measures and research that is under way to develop tools to better understand where the problems are occurring and to determine if existing mitigating measures are working. |
17,705 | Please write an abstract with title: Biomedical Term Disambiguation: An Application to Gene-Protein Name Disambiguation, and key words: Proteins, Data mining, Machine learning, Abstracts, Text mining, Bioinformatics, Lakes, Drives, Information analysis, Natural language processing. Abstract: The huge volumes of biomedical texts available online drives the increasing need for automated techniques to analyze and extract knowledge from these repositories of information. Resolving the ambiguity in biological terms in these texts is an important step for developing efficient knowledge discovery techniques. In this paper, we present a new method for biomedical term disambiguation in biomedical texts. The method is based on machine learning and can be viewed as a word classification task. We evaluated the method on gene-protein name disambiguation using Medline abstracts from years 1999-2003 containing about 3000 to 6000 gene and protein names. The technique is effective in disambiguating gene and protein names, achieving impressive accuracy, precision, and recall, with accuracy approaching about 90%, and outperforming the recently published results on this problem. Our technique is also applicable for the general problem of named entity disambiguation |
17,706 | Please write an abstract with title: Utilizing CNNs for Object Detection with LiDAR Data for Autonomous Driving, and key words: Training, Laser radar, Image edge detection, Object detection, Cameras, Real-time systems, Hardware. Abstract: This project evaluates the feasibility of utilizing popular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to detect objects present in LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data, and the resulting neural network's performance. This work aims to further existing experimentation using raw LiDAR data that is analyzed and represented in a two-dimensional frame. Using this method, hundreds of frames were generated to create a dataset that was used for neural network training and validation on an existing CNN architecture. The LiDAR dataset was used to train YOLOv3, a popular CNN model, to detect vehicles. This research aims to test a smaller version of the network, YOLOv3-tiny, to measure the change in accuracy between using YOLOv3 and YOLOv3-tiny on the LiDAR dataset. The results are then compared to the loss typically found when going from YOLOv3 to YOLOV3-tiny on camera-based images. In prior experimentation, a preprocessing method was also introduced to attempt to isolate target objects in the frame. The method will be evaluated in this paper to measure its effect on the final accuracy metric of the network. Lastly, the runtime performance of these networks will be evaluated on two embedded platforms to understand if the frame rate that the networks perform on is usable for real-world applications, based on the frame rate the sensor is capable of outputting and the inference speed of the network on the embedded platforms. |
17,707 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain symmetry plane computation in MR images using inertia axes and optimization, and key words: Reflection, Cybernetics, Algorithm design and analysis, Testing, Brain modeling, Biomedical imaging, Speech, Mathematics, Computer vision, Shape. Abstract: Detection of the best symmetry plane in 3D images can be treated as a registration problem between the original and the reflected images. The registration is performed in a 3D space of parameters defining orientation and shift of a reflection plane. We use the normalized l/sub 2/ metric as the similarity measure between original and reflected images and investigate an algorithm for computation of the best symmetry plane. The algorithm computes first an initial position of the plane by analyzing principal inertia axes. We demonstrate on several MR brain images that the initial position is in the neighborhood of the global maximum. Therefore the downhill simplex method is further used for the computation of the best symmetry plane. The proposed algorithm was tested on simulated and real MR brain images. |
17,708 | Please write an abstract with title: Extractive Multi Product-Line Engineering, and key words: Cloning, Maintenance engineering, Feature extraction, Software, Data mining, Sustainable development, Software engineering. Abstract: Cloning is a general approach to create new functionality within variants as well as new system variants. It is a fast, flexible, intuitive, and economical approach to evolve systems in the short run. However, in the long run, the maintenance effort increases. A common solution to this problem is the extraction of a product line from a set of cloned variants. This process requires a detailed analysis of variants to extract variability information. However, clones within a variant are usually not considered in the process, but are also a cause for unsustainable software. This thesis proposes an extractive multi product-line engineering approach to re-establish the sustainable development of software variants. We propose an approach to re-engineer intra-system and inter-system clones into reusable, configurable components stored in an integrated platform and synthesize a matching multi-layer feature model. |
17,709 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation analysis of AC power supply system stability, and key words: Analytical models, Power supplies, Stability analysis, Inductance, Voltage fluctuations, Smoothing methods, Capacitance, Circuit simulation, Circuit stability, Capacitors. Abstract: This paper describes the effect of power line inductance and smoothing capacitance on a single-phase AC power supply system. Voltage fluctuations were calculated when three main types of smoothing circuit (capacitor input, choke input, and power factor correction types) were used and the magnitude of power line inductance and smoothing capacitance were changed. First, we show the difference in voltage fluctuation when using constant resistance and negative resistance in a DC-DC converter. Second, we show the waveforms for which the power line inductance affects the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply system. Finally, we propose the boundary condition for the power line inductance affecting the voltage fluctuation of the AC power supply system and estimate AC power supply system stability. |
17,710 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide Dynamic-Range and High-Efficiency Shunt-Diode Rectifier Based on Class-R Harmonic Control and Resistance Compression Network, and key words: Class-R rectifier, harmonic control, resistance compression network, impedance matching, wireless power transfer, energy harvesting. Abstract: This paper presents a novel methodology for designing a high-efficiency and wide dynamic-range (DR) rectifier with shunt-diode configuration for wireless power transfer (WPT) and energy harvesting (EH). The proposed structure employs, in the first time, an impedance variation reduction (IVR) mechanism based on the principle of the resistance compression network (RCN) for fundamental matching and a harmonic control based on the class-R operation, which can minimize both impedance mismatch loss and diode loss, and then achieve optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) within a wide range of input power. A rectifier using a Schottky diode model BAT15-03W is designed and measured at a target frequency of 2.45 GHz for verification. In accordance with measurements, the rectifier can yield peak PCE of 82.3% at 12 dBm while a wide DR of 22 dB is recorded for PCE>50%, indicating a superior performance to the other designs. |
17,711 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-heating induced soft degradation of the Early voltage in SiGe:C HBTs, and key words: Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Force measurement, Critical current, Thermal degradation, Monitoring, Current measurement, Voltage measurement, Thermal resistance, Boron, Current density. Abstract: A soft degradation of the Early voltage measured in a constant V/sub be/ forced mode in SiGe:C HBTs is observed, which occurs at collector current levels far below the critical current required for base pushout. It is experimentally demonstrated that self-heating is the physical mechanism behind the soft degradation, and a new expression is derived for the critical current at which the onset of the soft degradation occurs. A modified expression for the Early voltage is proposed to take the self-heating effect into account. |
17,712 | Please write an abstract with title: Entanglement between light and matter, and key words: Quantum dots, Quantum computing, Mirrors, Stimulated emission, Solid state circuits, Optical devices, Robustness, Optical losses, Physics, Optical computing. Abstract: Two projects in progress will be presented: the generation and detection of quantum superpositions of a tiny optical mirror, and the optical study of artificial atoms and simple molecules |
17,713 | Please write an abstract with title: A 3-V fully differential distributed limiting driver for 40-Gb/s optical transmission systems, and key words: Driver circuits, PHEMTs, Optical modulation, Optical transmitters, Double heterojunction bipolar transistors, High speed optical techniques, Impedance matching, FETs, High speed integrated circuits, Optical fiber communication. Abstract: A fully differential 40-Gb/s electro-absorption modulator driver is presented. Based on a distributed limiting architecture, the circuit can supply up to 3.0-V/sub pp/ (peak-to-peak) per side in a 50-/spl Omega/ load at data rates as high as 44 Gb/s. Both the input and the output are internally matched to 50 /spl Omega/ and exhibit return loss of better than 10 dB up to 50 GHz. Additional features of the driver include the use of a single -5.2-V supply, output swing control (1.7-3.0-V/sub pp/ per side), dc output offset control (-0.15 V to -1.1 V), and pulsewidth control (30% to 66%). The driver architecture was optimized based on a comprehensive analytical derivation of the frequency response of cascaded source-coupled field-effect transistor logic blocks using both single and double source-follower topologies. |
17,714 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault-Tolerant Stability Control for Independent Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle Under Actuator Fault Conditions, and key words: Fault tolerant systems, Fault tolerance, Stability analysis, Torque, Wheels, Traction motors, Circuit faults. Abstract: Various torque distribution and stability control algorithms have been studied along with the development of four-wheel drive vehicles. But, most of those algorithms focus only on performance improvement. Since the independent four-wheel drive system is based on four drive motors, faults can occur in a motor or an inverter. If a fault occurs, the vehicle stability is not guaranteed and a fatal accident can occur. In this study, the fault-tolerant stability control algorithm for remaining healthy motors is proposed. This fault-tolerant control (FTC) system contains torque distribution and stability control algorithms. For accurate control of motor allocation, driving conditions such as under/over-steering, and steering direction should be considered, as well as vehicle condition such as fault motor location and motor performance limits. The proposed FTC is evaluated with two fault conditions (e.g., front motor fault, rear motor fault) under straight acceleration and constant steering acceleration scenarios. The behavior characteristics and driving risks caused by failures of motors while driving are analyzed. Also, the FTC algorithm is accurately follow a desired path within a minimum error range that the driver can cover. |
17,715 | Please write an abstract with title: Equivalent Model and Control of a Neutral Point Supply SynRM Drive, and key words: Topology, Inductance, AC motors, Voltage control, Europe, Inverters, Reluctance motors. Abstract: Three-phase AC motors fed by the neutral point supply (NPS) topology integrate a DC/DC converter function. In order to clearly explain the mechanism of the integrated DC/DC converter function, the average model and an equivalent circuit of the special topology are developed. Then, a new control strategy is proposed for the topology, in which the motor and the DC-link voltage can be independently controlled. Experiments are implemented on a 1.5 kW synchronous reluctance motor to verify the correctness of these theoretical analyses and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. |
17,716 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust partitioning for reliable real-time systems, and key words: Robustness, Real time systems, Hardware, Protection, Embedded software, Communication system control, Control systems, Mechatronics, Timing, Embedded system. Abstract: Summary form only given. Mechatronic systems request for high reliability, especially in the context of time where mostly hard real-time capabilities are mandatory. May be even stronger requirements regard the robustness against software failures and interdependences from erroneous tasks to others. We propose the concept of robust partitioning for reliable real-time embedded systems. The concept consists of two parts, memory space protection and time protection. Memory protection is realized by already existing hardware and software mechanisms. For realizing temporal protection, a two-step timer interrupt system realizing an imprecise computation concept is proposed: if the execution of a module exceeds a certain time limit before the deadline, the first timer interrupt is triggered and a backup routine is started to produce an imprecise result in the remaining time until the second timer expires. This time protection concept shows significant advantages as compared to classical approaches for single, parallel and distributed systems. We give an extended introduction into the concept and discussed first attempts for its realization. |
17,717 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Road Region Extraction in Video Under Various Illumination and Weather Conditions, and key words: Roads, Visual analytics, Lighting, Streaming media, Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Task analysis. Abstract: Robust road region extraction plays a crucial role in many computer vision applications, such as automated driving and traffic video analytics. Various weather and illumination conditions like snow, fog, dawn, daytime, and nighttime often pose serious challenges to automated road region detection. This paper presents a new real-time road recognition method that is able to accurately extract the road region in traffic videos under adverse weather and illumination conditions. Specifically, the novel global foreground modeling (GFM) method is first applied to subtract the ever-changing background in the traffic video frames and robustly detect the moving vehicles which are assumed to drive in the road region. The initial road samples are then obtained from the subtracted background model in the location of the moving vehicles. The integrated features extracted from both the grayscale and the RGB and HSV color spaces are further applied to construct a probability map based on the standardized Euclidean distance between the feature vectors. Finally, the robust road mask is derived by integrating the initially estimated road region and the regions located by the flood-fill algorithm. Experimental results using a dataset of real traffic videos demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for automated road recognition in real-time. |
17,718 | Please write an abstract with title: Bayesian online change point detection method for process monitoring, and key words: Bayes methods, Fault detection, Process control, Testing, Monitoring, Numerical simulation. Abstract: Aiming at the problem of a large amount of unlabeled observations collected in the industrial processes, an unsupervised Bayesian online change point detection method is adopted for fault detection. Firstly, a prior probability of fault occurrence is set based on the significance level. Secondly, the predictive distribution is calculated using the exponential family likelihoods as a new observation arrives. Finally, based on the observed data, a recursive message-passing algorithm is applied for calculating the fault occurrence probability at the current sampling point. The power of the Bayesian method for fault detection is tested in a numerical simulation and the Tennessee-Eastman (TE) process. |
17,719 | Please write an abstract with title: Speech synthesis by a programmable digital filter, and key words: Speech synthesis, Digital filters, Speech analysis, Teleprinting, Aerospace testing, Character recognition, Automatic speech recognition, Computational modeling, Bit rate, Synthesizers. Abstract: An automatic technique was developed to produce recognizable speech from a string of phonetic characters input from a teletype. The technique is based on modeling the acoustical consequences of the various configurations of the vocal tract. The simulation method has proven that speech generation from digital data is feasible and viable at a bit rate below 100 bits per second. The system takes a teletype input and, through a definitive set of algorithms executed on a PDP-11 computer, converts it to a form compatible with the input to a Digital Speech Synthesizer Model 4516, developed by the Rockland Systems Corporation. The Model 4516 is a time-multiplexed, cascaded, complex pole and zero network with a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter. The system was tested by listening to it and by the use of the Speech Analysis System, developed by the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. The Speech Analysis System consists of an analyzer and associated equipment necessary to produce a real-time, hard copy representation of the wave form characteristics of the speech input. The analyzer itself is called a COC filter and its design is based on the hydro-mechanical operation of the inner ear. |
17,720 | Please write an abstract with title: JFET transistors for low-noise applications at low frequency, and key words: Frequency, Cryogenics, Low-frequency noise, Temperature, Detectors, Noise measurement, Bolometers, Steel, Power dissipation, Bandwidth. Abstract: We describe a methodology to study and select JFET transistors, to be adopted for the readout of bolometric detectors, which makes use of a novel instrument capable of doing very accurate automatic noise measurements at low frequency. Clever design criteria and properly selected biasing conditions allow outstanding results in terms of noise and power dissipation. Noise was explored at very small power dissipation, 2.5 /spl mu/W, and JFET transistors were biased in a nonconventional region at low temperature. |
17,721 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Phishing Websites Using Machine Learning, and key words: Uniform resource locators, Machine learning algorithms, Computer hacking, Phishing, Passwords, User interfaces, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Criminals seeking sensitive information construct illegal clones of actual websites and e-mail accounts. The e-mail will be made up of real firm logos and slogans. When a user clicks on a link provided by these hackers, the hackers gain access to all of the user's private information, including bank account information, personal login passwords, and images. Random Forest and Decision Tree algorithms are heavily employed in present systems, and their accuracy has to be enhanced. The existing models have low latency. Existing systems do not have a specific user interface. In the current system, different algorithms are not compared. Consumers are led to a faked website that appears to be from the authentic company when the e-mails or the links provided are opened. The models are used to detect phishing Websites based on URL significance features, as well as to find and implement the optimal machine learning model. Logistic Regression, Multinomial Naive Bayes, and XG Boost are the machine learning methods that are compared. The Logistic Regression algorithm outperforms the other two. |
17,722 | Please write an abstract with title: All-pole modeling of wide-band speech with symmetric linear prediction, and key words: Predictive models, Wideband, Sampling methods, Frequency, Polynomials, Speech processing, Thumb, Speech analysis, Quantization, Acoustics. Abstract: A new linear predictive technique, all-pole modeling with symmetric linear prediction (ASLP), is presented. The starting point of the method is an implementation of conventional linear prediction (LP) with a parallel structure, where two symmetric linear predictors are combined to prefilters represented by first order FIRs. Modification of these prefilters yields the ASLP predictor, which is always minimum phase. Experiments indicate that the new method models the formant structure of wide-band speech more accurately than conventional LP, when the prediction order is smaller than the one required by the sampling frequency. |
17,723 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time combustion knock processing using a single instruction multiple data automotive PowerPC system-on-a-chip, and key words: Real time systems, Combustion, Automotive engineering, System-on-a-chip, Intelligent sensors, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Programming, Software algorithms, Engine cylinders. Abstract: This paper discusses a novel high performance knock processing strategy using a next generation Motorola automotive PowerPC system-on-a-chip. The proposed methodology is based on an auxiliary signal processing extension to the main PowerPC system-on-a-chip core along with various intelligent autonomous on-chip modules. Real-time software development techniques with an advanced software circular buffer implementation for processing the streaming knock sensor data have been developed. Various single instruction multiple data software optimisation techniques are employed to reduce the real-time knock algorithmic execution time. Real-time and simulation results are presented for the detection of knock on a four cylinder internal combustion engine, however, the approach is widely applicable. The efficient coding and optimisation techniques used for the single instruction multiple data implementation of the algorithm have been shown to improve overall performance and as a result utilises minimum combustion event timing. |
17,724 | Please write an abstract with title: The influence of internal mechanical tensions on the properties of surface acoustic waves ultrasonic delay lines, and key words: Mechanical factors, Surface acoustic waves, Acoustic waves, Delay lines, Propagation delay, Automatic frequency control, Ducts, Gratings, Acoustic reflection, Pins. Abstract: The investigation of the influence of internal mechanical tensions (IMT) on the signal delay period, the form of impulse response (IR) and amplitude-frequency characteristic (AFC) have shown that IMT change acoustic wave velocity and this change in signal-delay period, is also formed by IR and AFC. In addition, deformational effects is to be taken into consideration. |
17,725 | Please write an abstract with title: Study and Optimization of Photo Resistor Etch Back Loop in HK Metal Gate, and key words: Resistors, Loading, Metals, Logic gates, Plasmas, High-k dielectric materials, Optimization. Abstract: Photo resistor etch back (PREB) is an essential process in High-K Metal Gate, which can eliminate the height difference between nFET and pFET, and mitigate the pattern loading occurred in front end of line (FEOL). During PREB process, it is necessary to avoid SiGe damage, especially when photo resistor is being etched in etch back 1 (EB1) step. Moreover, the appearance of oxide residual and higher horn after PREB will ultimately lead to poly residue in dummy poly remove (DPR) process. In this study, those defects were studied systemically to illustrate their generation mechanism and adverse consequences. By suitable adjustment of photo resistor remain thickness, etch rate selectivity and etch amount, most of defects could be reduced or avoid to optimize PREB process. |
17,726 | Please write an abstract with title: The synchronous oscillator: a synchronization and tracking network, and key words: Oscillators, Bandwidth, Frequency synchronization, Phase noise, Clocks, Signal resolution, Bit error rate, Digital communication, Noise level, Pulsed power supplies. Abstract: The synchronous oscillator (SO) is a free-running oscillator which oscillates at its natural frequency in the absence of an externally applied signal. In the presence of a signal, the oscillator synchronizes with and tracks the input waveform with an acquisition time inversely proportional to the tracking bandwidth. The SO possesses a constant output signal amplitude in the tracking region and an adaptive tracking bandwidth proportional to the input signal level. The authors present the theory and experimental characterization of SOs in terms of selectivity, noise rejection, carrier-to-noise improvement, tracking range, and acquisition time. A specific application is described for SO carrier and clock recovery networks in 60- and 120-Mb/s QPSK modem with bit-error-rate (BER) performance approaching that of hard-wired connection. |
17,727 | Please write an abstract with title: Illumination invariant segmentation of spatio-temporal images by spatio-temporal Markov random field model, and key words: Lighting, Image segmentation, Markov random fields, Spatial resolution, Image resolution, Vehicles, Labeling, Energy resolution, Spatiotemporal phenomena, Traffic control. Abstract: In order to resolve occlusion problems, we have proposed the Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field model for segmentation of spatio-temporal images. This S-T MRF optimizes the segmentation boundaries of occluded objects and their motion vectors simultaneously, by referring to textures and segment labeling correlations along the temporal axis as well as the spatial axes. Recently, we have extended this model to segment spatial MRF energy distributions of images along the temporal axis, in order to resolve the problem of illumination effects. Since such spatio-temporal distribution of MRF energies is so stable against illumination effects, the model is able to appropriately segment spatiotemporal images against variations in illumination and shading effects. Consequently, in the evaluation of S-T MRF for application to vehicle tracking in traffic images, segmentation boundaries of vehicle regions were successfully determined even in cases of serious occlusions and shading effects. |
17,728 | Please write an abstract with title: Premagnetized Inductors in Single Phase dc-ac and ac-dc Converters, and key words: Inductors, Topology, Inductance, Bridge circuits, Switches, Magnetic cores, Optimization. Abstract: Premagnetization can be used to reduce the size, weight and losses of inductors. Due to the non-symmetric LI-curve of these inductors, they are typically only used in unidirectional dc converters. This paper introduces and discusses three topologies with premagnetized inductors for dc-ac conversion, including measurement results for one topology. |
17,729 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodology of estimation of data transfer efficiency in telecommunication networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Microwave technology, Microwave communication, Force control, Communication system control, Telecommunication control, Integral equations. Abstract: Proposed in this paper is a method of estimation of data transfer efficiency during control cycles, based on a mathematical formulation of information exchange under conditions of external influence, as well as integral equations, numerical algorithms and efficiency indexes calculation. |
17,730 | Please write an abstract with title: Controlled spatial and spectral coupling of single InAs excitons to photonic crystal nanocavity modes, and key words: Optical control, Excitons, Photonic crystals, Gallium arsenide, Quantum dots, Optical resonators, Resonance, Slabs, Geometrical optics, Crystalline materials. Abstract: We demonstrate a method to deterministically couple single InAs quantum dots to photonic crystal nanocavities based on high resolution active positioning and the ability to tune the mode through the ensemble quantum dot spectrum. |
17,731 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple Dual Band Rectifier Based on Diplexer for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting Application, and key words: Rectifiers, Radio frequency, Energy harvesting, Dual band, Wireless sensor networks, Rectennas, Microwave circuits. Abstract: In this paper, we present a novel configuration of dual band rectifier for RF energy harvesting application. Unlike traditional dual band rectifiers which employ only one rectifier with the ability to operate at two different frequencies, the proposed design consists of two separated rectifiers, each operates at a distinct frequency, thus simplify the design process significantly. The two rectifiers are connected to the multiband receiving antenna via a microstrip diplexer which carries out the task of distributing the collected power at each frequency to the corresponding rectifier. Numerical simulation and measurement are carried out to evaluate the design, showing a simulated AC - DC conversion efficiency of 52% at 1.8 GHz and 46% at 2.6 GHz and a measured efficiency around 40% for both frequencies under -10 dBm low input power. |
17,732 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Interventional Planning Software Features for MR-guided Transrectal Prostate Biopsies, and key words: Training, Visualization, Three-dimensional displays, Two dimensional displays, Manipulators, Software, Planning. Abstract: This work presents an interventional planning software to be used in conjunction with a robotic manipulator to perform transrectal MR guided prostate biopsies. The interventional software was designed taking in consideration a generic manipulator used under the two modes of operation: side-firing and end-firing of the biopsy needle. Studies were conducted with urologists using the software to plan virtual biopsies. The results show features of software relevant for operating efficiently under the two modes of operation. |
17,733 | Please write an abstract with title: The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter, and key words: Collision mitigation, Readout electronics, Energy measurement, Electromagnetic measurements, Electrons, Large Hadron Collider, Energy resolution, Quality control, Detectors, Assembly. Abstract: The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter will provide a very precise measurement of the energy of electrons and photons at LHC. In order to reach the goal resolution a quality control process is actually ongoing for all the components of the detector, that is being assembled in a distributed fashion worldwide. Recently, a revision of the readout electronics has been performed, allowing for reduction of complexity and substantial cost saving. In this paper we will describe the calorimeter properties, the associated readout electronics design and the prospects for its precise calibration. |
17,734 | Please write an abstract with title: The DSW Model: An Efficient Approach for Single Web Services Modeling, and key words: Web services, Computational modeling, Buildings, Directed graphs, Reliability, Optimization, Testing. Abstract: Service-oriented computing attracted the attention of researchers nowadays. Hence, the quality of service-oriented systems became crucial. A web service is the main building component of service-oriented systems, in which some aspects must be taken into consideration while building such systems. These aspects include quality, performance, efficiency, reliability and availability of web services. However, minor studies take into consideration single web service modeling, or their proposed models were too complex and time consuming. Thus, in this paper, the Direct Single Web service (DSW) model is proposed as a model-based testing approach for modeling single web services in a direct and time efficient model. The DSW model uses Web Services Description Language (WSDL) files to define a single web service. Hence, it generates a directed graph from web service WSDL files. It can be used for test case generation, services search, finding faults and optimization. The DSW model proved to be efficient in terms of: (1) coverage, covering all parts of WSDL files, (2) time, where the graph construction consumes 15-25% of the parsing time for WSDL files, and (3) accuracy in comparison with other approaches. |
17,735 | Please write an abstract with title: Android Application based Smart Bus Transportation System for Pandemic Situations, and key words: COVID-19, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Urban areas, Transportation, Safety, Internet of Things. Abstract: Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) originated in the city of Wuhan, China and it has spread to numerous countries causing life fatality problems. During this situation, traveling in public transport vehicles becomes riskier. But due to bad economic conditions of the people they can’t avoid going to work during this situation. So travelling becomes mandatory but precautionary measures have to be followed during travel. At the same time people should also avoid waiting for the bus unnecessarily at one place which may increase the possibility of disease spread. So keeping these issues in mind a new Android Application based Smart Bus Transportation System was introduced which guides the passengers in booking the bus tickets using the Android Application and it also helps the passengers to keep an update on bus location based on their request. This system also sends alert message few minutes in advance to the passengers before the bus reaches the passengers boarding point. This system also sends the precautionary instruction priorly to the passengers that have to be followed while travelling in the bus. In order to provide additional safety to the passengers the temperature of the passengers is monitored and intimated to the bus in change before they are permitted into the bus. |
17,736 | Please write an abstract with title: The Compact 2.4 GHz Hybrid Electromagnetic Solar Energy Harvesting (HES-EH) circuit using Seven Stage Voltage Doubler and Organic Thin Film Solar Cell, and key words: Wireless communication, Performance evaluation, Voltage measurement, Photovoltaic cells, Receiving antennas, Prototypes, Microstrip antennas. Abstract: The main factor for the sustainability of Internet of Things mobile devices is the support of wireless energy, especially Hybrid sources, specifically solar cells and electromagnetic high-frequency harvesting circuits. This research proposed a seven-stage 2.4 GHz Rectenna voltage doubler configuration structure compactly combined with organic thin-film solar cells to solve these problems. Besides that, the advantages of the integrated hybrid circuits with reflectors and solar cells can protect the physical structure of the microstrip antenna, harvest 180 degrees opposite position AC source, and become a backup energy source if one of the AC sources is not active. By optimizing the reflector antenna as a collector of electromagnetic power and placing embedded organic thin-film solar cells, the AC power harvesting component has three layers in its structure: Antenna, Reflector, and Thin Film Solar Cell. The compact microstrip antenna circuit has a gain value of 5.39 dBi with a reflector as an optimization structure. The radiation pattern is direct with theta angle, and the frequency range is 2.38–2.44 GHz based on the measurement analysis. Based on the implementation of the hybrid system, the research and measurements of the design carried out have high effectiveness in harvesting energy from high-frequency electromagnetics and complementary thin-film solar cell when analyzed based on the output voltage. The output voltage is 3,8152 V at a light intensity of 680 lux and radiation power of 30 dBm in a near-field area of 20 cm. For a maximum experimental area distance of 200cm, the HES-EH can produce an output power of 1.2651 V at a light intensity of 140 lux and a Radiation power of −5 dBm. So it is very effective to support low-power wireless devices in both far-field and near-field areas. |
17,737 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Modularized Battery Charging and Balancing System, and key words: Scalability, Energy, Bridge circuits, Zero voltage switching, Control systems, Batteries, Internet. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel distributed battery charging system and modularized balancing circuit for each battery pack connected in series. The distributed charging system is composed of modularized dc/dc converters and their corresponding battery packs. Phase shift control is adopted for the full bridge converter to achieve zero-voltage switching. The proposed balancing circuit can construct direct equalization path between cells or strings in Buck-Boost or flyback mode and the equivalent circuit model is established. Effects of unit voltages and a balancing strategy are discussed on this basis. Experimental results of a converter and an active balancing circuit module respectively revealed satisfactory performance, which verifies feasibility of implementation of the distributed charging system. |
17,738 | Please write an abstract with title: Risk Analysis of Wind-Induced Vibration of the Conductor with Small Span and Large Height Difference Based on Numerical Simulation, and key words: small span large height difference conductors, wind vibration response, finite element models, aerodynamic damping, clearance safety. Abstract: The wind-induced vibration response of the small-span and large-difference conductors will directly affect the wind deflection, fatigue damage, and line clearance safety of the conductor and its connecting fittings. In this paper, the Davenport spatial coherence function and harmonic synthesis method are used to simulate the 3D wind field, and the typical finite element models of four-bundle and double-bundle conductor structure systems are established based on curved beam theory. The geometric large deformation wind vibration response analysis is conducted through Newton Rapson iteration method, and the influence of the aerodynamic damping of the bundled conductors on the wind vibration response is discussed. The results show that the response of the discussed four-bundle conductor is dominated by the first mode along the wind, and the resonance component is large. Additionally, with the increase of wind speed, the influence of structural aerodynamic damping on the wind vibration response of the conductor becomes stronger, and the reduction effect of aerodynamic damping effect on the vibration response of the double-bundle conductor is significantly greater than that on the four-bundle conductor. The research results are helpful for power grid operators to check the clearance and wind deflection safety margin of overhead lines during vibration under wind environment in real-time. |
17,739 | Please write an abstract with title: Broadband Terahertz Undulator Radiation from Short Electron Bunches into the Dominant Mode of an Oversized Waveguide, and key words: Circular waveguides, Chirp, Undulators, EMP radiation effects, Broadband communication, Wideband. Abstract: A possibility to generate wideband terahertz pulses of Coherent Spontaneous Radiation with energies of hundreds of microjoules and a relatively high efficiency in regimes close to group synchronism of electrons with the mode of a circular waveguide has been demonstrated in simulations. As a magnetic system of the THz source providing a large undulator parameter K> 1, it is proposed to use the simplest helical undulator formed by several permanently magnetized ferromagnetic helices. The use of a preliminary energetic chirp of particles and stabilization of the bunch in the field of the emitted electromagnetic pulse makes it possible to mitigate the effects of Coulomb repulsion of particles and to increase the length of the effective interaction of a dense bunch with the field of the operating mode. |
17,740 | Please write an abstract with title: Concept Development of an On-Chip PET System, and key words: Surface reconstruction, Imaging, Detectors, Crystals, Reconstruction algorithms, System-on-chip, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Organs-on-Chips (OOCs), microdevices mimicking in vivo organs, find growing applications in disease modeling and drug discovery. With the increasing number of uses comes a strong demand for imaging capabilities of OOCs. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) would be ideal for OOC imaging, however, current PET systems have insufficient spatial resolution for this task. In this work, we propose the concept of an On-Chip PET system capable of imaging OOCs. Our system consists of four detectors arranged around the OOC device. Each detector is made of two monolithic Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) crystals and covered with Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) on multiple surfaces. We use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) trained with data from a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to predict the first gamma-ray interaction position inside the detector from the light patterns that are recorded by the SiPMs on the detector's surfaces. With the Line of Responses (LORs) created by the predicted interaction positions, we reconstruct with Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART). The CNN achieves a mean average prediction error of 0.78 mm in the best configuration. We use the trained network to reconstruct an image of a grid of 21 point sources spread across the field-of-view and obtain a mean spatial resolution of 0.53 mm. We demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a spatial resolution of almost 0.5 mm in a PET system made of multiple monolithic LYSO crystals by directly predicting the scintillation position from light patterns created with SiPMs. We observe that CNNs from the ResNet family perform better than those from the EfficientNet family and that certain surfaces encode significantly more information for the scintillation-point prediction than others. |
17,741 | Please write an abstract with title: Goppa geometric codes achieving the Gilbert-Varshamov bound, and key words: Galois fields, Geometry, Linear code, Mathematics, Parameter estimation, Chaos, Entropy. Abstract: Based on s-zeta-functions of curves over finite fields, we show that Goppa geometry codes achieve the q-ary Gilbert-Varshamov bound for all prime powers q (including q=2). |
17,742 | Please write an abstract with title: EnHMM: On the Use of Ensemble HMMs and Stack Traces to Predict the Reassignment of Bug Report Fields, and key words: Support vector machines, Training, Software maintenance, Machine learning algorithms, Computer bugs, Software algorithms, Hidden Markov models. Abstract: Bug reports (BR) contain vital information that can help triaging teams prioritize and assign bugs to developers who will provide the fixes. However, studies have shown that BR fields often contain incorrect information that need to be reassigned, which delays the bug fixing process. There exist approaches for predicting whether a BR field should be reassigned or not. These studies use mainly BR descriptions and traditional machine learning algorithms (SVM, KNN, etc.). As such, they do not fully benefit from the sequential order of information in BR data, such as function call sequences in BR stack traces, which may be valuable for improving the prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, called EnHMM, for predicting the reassignment of BR fields using ensemble Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), trained on stack traces. EnHMM leverages the natural ability of HMMs to represent sequential data to model the temporal order of function calls in BR stack traces. When applied to Eclipse and Gnome BR repositories, EnHMM achieves an average precision, recall, and F-measure of 54%, 76%, and 60% on Eclipse dataset and 41%, 69%, and 51% on Gnome dataset. We also found that EnHMM improves over the best single HMM by 36% for Eclipse and 76% for Gnome. Finally, when comparing EnHMM to Im.ML.KNN, a recent approach in the field, we found that the average F-measure score of EnHMM improves the average F-measure of Im.ML.KNN by 6.80% and improves the average recall of Im.ML.KNN by 36.09%. However, the average precision of EnHMM is lower than that of Im.ML.KNN (53.93% as opposed to 56.71%). |
17,743 | Please write an abstract with title: Structural health monitoring of oil pipeline using wireless sensor networks, and key words: Wireless communication, Vibrations, Drilling, Accelerometers, Wireless sensor networks, Microcontrollers, Oils. Abstract: Due to the rapid developments in electronics and computing, wireless monitoring of devices and equipment is becoming a suitable option, and wireless sensors are receiving much attention compared to other traditional monitoring systems. This research presents the design of a wireless system to monitor the health of the structure of oil pipelines on the basis of vibration monitoring to detect the harmful events that may be exposed to the pipelines such as drilling or breakage, etc. and diagnose them early to avoid the damages that result from them, which often lead to serious consequences and great economic losses, and may lead To massive loss of life and bad social impact. The monitoring system was designed and implemented using a three-node wireless sensor network (WSN). Each node consists of an accelerometer that measures vibration and a 32-bit ARM microcontroller that sends data to the coordinator node (base station) for data collection and analysis. The received pipe vibration signal is analyzed for several different states. Normal state(no event), knocking state by hand hammer, and drilling state by an electric drill. The results obtained showed the ability of the proposed system to accurately detect harmful events that may be exposed to pipelines. |
17,744 | Please write an abstract with title: An Integrated System for the Support of an Emergency Health Care Department, and key words: Medical services, Vehicles, Testing, Databases, Personal communication networks, Computer science, Accidents, Hospitals, Biomedical engineering, Layout. Abstract: In this paper, we present the design and development of an integrated database system for the support of an emergency health care department. The system allows patient administration, patient record management, information exchange within the department and Ambulance vehicles management. It was designed as an addition to a previous developed system which supports emergency telemedicine. The system has passed the initial testing and verification phase and is now entering the final evaluation phase before moving into the department's daily routine |
17,745 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on Regularity of Speech Energy based on Optimal Thresholding for Tamil Stuttering Dataset, and key words: Databases, Smart cities, Conferences, Speech enhancement, Optimization, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: All over the world millions of people were affected by speech disorders in which one of the significant speech disorders is stuttering. Over the past two decade immense number of research is going on in the field of fluency disorder, and still it is necessary to enhance the analysis of stuttering disorder regional-wise. The speech signal tempo will vary with each individual where the specific fluctuation in the velocity of stutter speech is typical and it is due to the intervals in the speech rate which has a significant difference in normal stuttered speech. In this paper, Regularity of Speech Energy (RSE) was analyzed as normal, moderate and severe through Tamil speaking stuttered dataset. The analysis was done based on the energy threshold obtained during the irregular release of energy which is henceforth analyzed using optimal thresholding based on Particle Swam optimization (PSO) and Synergistic Fibroblast optimization (SFO) techniques. In order to evaluate the experimental analysis on RSE, statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, Mean Square Error (MSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were calculated. The experimental results of analysis on RSE have proved that stuttered speaker's signal releases low energy when compared to the normal speaker where the optimal threshold energy enhances the detection of hidden speech energy. |
17,746 | Please write an abstract with title: MEC-Based Evacuation Planning Using Variance Fractal Dimension Trajectory for Speech Classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Image edge detection, Conferences, Computational modeling, Real-time systems, Fractals, Trajectory. Abstract: Evacuation models are used in crisis scenarios to optimize the path for occupants to escape a dangerous situation. The behavior of occupants in crisis scenarios has been demonstrated to differ between genders. This paper proposes an end-to-end system that can automatically model an evacuation plan based on the distribution of genders in a given space. Using MEC connected edge devices that can detect speech signals, and interfacing with the cloud through edge servers equipped with learning capabilities, an evacuation model can be generated in real-time according to current gender distribution in an occupied area. The key to making this system successful is an accurate gender speech classifier computed at the edge level. The classification model used was an SVM classifier, and the features used were MFCCs and VFDTs. The MFCCs displayed a gender classification accuracy of 91.47%, and when adding VFDT features, the gender learning accuracy was increased to 92.19%. This shows the benefit of adding VFDT features to speech classification accuracy. Indeed, running the classifier on the edge level is enabling the system to meet the maximum delay deadline (10 sec), as required by the NFPA code standards. |
17,747 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Source Strength of Underwater Acoustic Transducer in Shallow Water by Inverse Frequency Response Function, and key words: Vibrations, Estimation error, Analytical models, Sea measurements, Acoustic measurements, Frequency response, Reflection. Abstract: A source strength estimation method based on the acoustic inverse frequency response function (IFRF) is proposed to solve the problem of poor accuracy of the assessment of the vibration and noise level of underwater acoustic equipment in shallow waters. This method represents the multi-channel transmission function as the interference superposition of the sound source and its multi order virtual source. The transfer matrix builds the relationship between the complex source strengths, the complex pressures at measurement points and the acoustic channel. The source strengths can be estimated accurately from the radiated acoustic field measurement based on the inversion of transfer matrix. The basic principle of the IFRF method is introduced, and the influencing factors of source strength estimation errors are analyzed, including the underwater acoustic channel estimation errors, sound pressure measurement errors, and the conditions of the transfer matrix. The results of simulation analysis and experiments on the lake are presented, the obtained source strength estimation results are in good agreement with the real values, which indicates that the proposed method is feasible and has good performance in estimating the source strength of underwater acoustic transducer. |
17,748 | Please write an abstract with title: Parallel Capsule Neural Networks for Sound Event Detection, and key words: Kernel, Neural networks, Error analysis, Feature extraction, Event detection, Spectrogram, Frequency-domain analysis. Abstract: In this work, we propose a sound event detection system based on a parallel capsule neural network. The system takes advantage of the capability of capsule neural networks in the detection of overlapping objects. It further develops a parallel architecture and uses the kernel design of different shapes and sizes to effectively utilize the feature information to increase the detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed system is as low as 52.34% measured by the error rate, which is even lower than the rank 1 system in DCASE2017 challenge. |
17,749 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning-based Symbol Classification in Stokes Space for 4-PolSK Visible Light Communication Signals, and key words: Laser noise, Lasers and electrooptics, Light emitting diodes, Classification algorithms, Electrooptical waveguides, Visible light communication. Abstract: We propose a 4-PolSK system for a 450-nm single-LED indoor visible light communication link. The Stokes space symbols are classified via learning algorithms scoring a BER below the FEC limit for a noise variance under 0.4-nẆs. © 2020 The Author(s). |
17,750 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimized Rectifier Design for RF Energy Harvesting at the 2.45 GHz WiFi Frequency Band, and key words: Radio frequency, Rectifiers, Receiving antennas, Harmonic analysis, Software, Energy harvesting, Voltage multipliers. Abstract: Radio frequency-based energy harvesting is a promising technique for the communications society. This technology still faces some technical challenges to power up modern micro-devices. These devices need a constant power source to enable these devices to work properly. In this investigation, the amount of the harvested DC power from radio frequency waves was considered. This work proposed a simple design having a small size with an improved harvested power level. The advanced design system simulation software was utilized by using the harmonic balance controller. The proposed design was adjusted to harvest radio waves of the 2.45 GHz frequency band. The design passed through three steps included the unmatched single-stage voltage multiplier circuit, the matched single-stage voltage multiplier circuit, and the optimized voltage multiplier circuit. Results showed that the maximum conversion efIiciency was 66% for the optimized circuit at the input power level of 7 dBm. The conversion range of the applied input power was between -25dBm to +20dBm. This circuit achieved the top harvested DC power of 12.34 mW at the applied power of 20 dBm at the load of 1 KΩ with output voltage and current values of 3.51 V and 3.51 mA respectively. |
17,751 | Please write an abstract with title: MOS sampled data recursive filters using switched capacitor integrators, and key words: Filters, MOS capacitors, Integrated circuit technology, Filtering, Complexity theory, Silicon, MOS devices, Operational amplifiers, Circuit noise, Voltage. Abstract: A new technique to analog sampled data filtering is presented which can be fully integrated using MOS technology. Advantages of this new approach are reduced circuit complexity, low sensitivity to coefficient variations, and efficient utilization of silicon area. Performance of monolithic low Q(Q=1) and high Q(Q=73) filters are presented which were implemented using NMOS technology. In implementing the high Q filter a new operational amplifier design was used which had a 14-V output range, rms noise voltage of 45 /spl mu/V, an open-loop gain of 6000, and a unity-gain bandwidth of 2 MHz. |
17,752 | Please write an abstract with title: SSDL: Self-Supervised Domain Learning for Improved Face Recognition, and key words: Adaptation models, Face recognition, Buildings, Lighting, Benchmark testing, Sensors, Reliability. Abstract: Face recognition in unconstrained environments is challenging due to variations in illumination, quality of sensing, motion blur and etc. An individual's face appearance can vary drastically under different conditions creating a gap between train (source) and varying test (target) data. The domain gap could cause decreased performance levels in direct knowledge transfer from source to target. Despite fine-tuning with domain specific data could be an effective solution, collecting and annotating data for all domains is extremely expensive. To this end, we propose a self-supervised domain learning (SSDL) scheme that trains on triplets mined from unlabelled data. A key factor in effective discriminative learning, is selecting informative triplets. Building on most confident predictions, we follow an “easy-to-hard” scheme of alternate triplet mining and self-learning. Comprehensive experiments on four different benchmarks show that SSDL generalizes well on different domains. |
17,753 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurement of power frequency AC current using FBG and GMM, and key words: Current measurement, Power measurement, Frequency measurement, Fiber gratings, Bragg gratings, Magnetic materials, Optical sensors, Instrument transformers, Power industry, Research and development. Abstract: There is a potential demand for optical current instrument transformer (OCT) in power industry. In the past two decades, R&D on OCT was focused on Faraday effect based technology. As a sensing technology, Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was more and more attractive recently. For OCT, FBG and giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) based technology will be another choice. In this paper, this kind of power frequency AC current sensing system was established. One FBG was clung on a GMM rod that was exposed to the AC current induced magnetic field. The shift of FBG reflecting wavelength was interrogated by a wavelength to amplitude simultaneous interrogation system. Experiments with and without DC bias current have been done. The relation of the sensing current and the response of the system were defined by the transfer function of the system that revealed hysteresis loop character. |
17,754 | Please write an abstract with title: Edge Intelligence: Distributed Task Offloading and Service Management under Uncertainty, and key words: Servers, Delays, Task analysis, Aggregates, Heuristic algorithms, Optimization, Edge computing. Abstract: This work deals with the task offloading problem for multiple cellular edge devices in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) infrastructure attached to a base-station (BS). In order to minimize the overall task computing-communication delay through coping with time-varying cost and constraint functions with unknown statistics on-the-go, we propose a novel distributed bandit optimization (DBO) algorithm which runs based on the projected dual gradient iterations and a single broadcast communicating the MEC states to the SDs at the end of each time-slot. To track the performance of the proposed online learning algorithm over time, we define a dynamic regret to assess the closeness of the underlying delay cost of the DBO to a clairvoyant dynamic optimum and an aggregate violation metric to evaluate the asymptotic satisfaction of the constraints. We derive lower and upper bounds for dynamic regret as well as an upper-bound for the aggregate violation and show that the upper-bounds are sub-linear under sub-linear accumulated hindsight variations. The simulation results and comparisons confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in the long run. |
17,755 | Please write an abstract with title: Mixing conversational and interactive traffic in the UMTS radio access network, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Intelligent networks, 3G mobile communication, Radio access networks, Admission control, Resource management, Fluctuations, Interference, Physical layer, Quality of service. Abstract: The definition and assessment of suitable radio resource management (RRM) strategies able to provide QoS in the framework of the UTRA segment of UMTS is a key issue for achieving the expectations created on 3G technology. This paper proposes and evaluates specific algorithms for the different RRM functions involved in the uplink direction in a scenario with a mixture of interactive and conversational services. In particular the effect of prioritization of conversational users in the admission control has been analyzed in terms of admission, dropping probabilities and packet delay. Furthermore, the paper also studies the importance of suitable congestion control mechanisms that cope with load fluctuations in order to guarantee the negotiated QoS to already connected users. These fluctuations are mainly due to the randomness in the traffic generation of interactive users, that can seriously degrade performance of both conversational and even interactive users if no congestion control is carried out. |
17,756 | Please write an abstract with title: Random Forest Machine Learning Classifier for Seed Recommendation, and key words: Visualization, Temperature distribution, Codes, Computational modeling, Crops, Predictive models, Soil. Abstract: Crop recommendation system is of due importance to the farmers as well as to the country as it reflects the economic growth of the country . Random forest machine learning classifier proposed and implemented for crop recommendation using visual studio code environment with Python . This model will accept the parameters and based on previous data and current data this will suggest best suitable crop to be cultivated. A data analytics approach with machine learning technology significantly improves the prediction of sustainable crop for the specific year of time, this allows the user to see the exact prediction of crop for the further cultivation. The dataset with sample data of 31 crops each with four attributes such as temperature, humidity, rainfall and soil potential of hydrogen (pH) considered. The random forest (RF) classifier tested to predict the suitable crop and provided 95% accuracy, 95.06 % Precision, 94.90 % recall and F1 score 94.8 % . |
17,757 | Please write an abstract with title: The State Of Charge estimating methods for rechargeable Lead-acid batteries, and key words: Lead acid batteries, Support vector machines, Machine learning algorithms, Software algorithms, Estimation, Artificial neural networks, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: State of Charge (SOC) is a key element for battery energy assessment, performing the stored energy. An accurate estimation of the SOC is fundamental for the safe and reliable operation of photovoltaic systems. To this end, the scientific literature covers a broad range of methodologies with extensive accuracy and complexity. However, the accuracy of the SOC is highly dependent on the methodology adopted. This paper investigates four methods of estimating the SOC for lead-acid battery manufacturers. For this purpose, four methods were selected and then used in practice, including the Modified Coulomb Counting (MCC) method, the Neural Network (NN), and two other machine learning based techniques, namely the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and the Nearest Neighbours Algorithm (KNN), respectively. An experimental test is considered through a detailed analysis based on a statistical evaluation covering the real cycle of charge and discharge modes. It means that the NN algorithm has given more accuracy. The algorithm showed high prediction accuracy, the majority of predictions had a relative error close to zero, reaching a maximum error value of about 0.1%. Simulation results were performed in Matlab software. All of these results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the chosen methodology. |
17,758 | Please write an abstract with title: Terahertz and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Mouse Blood Plasma in Glioma Development, and key words: Fluids, Absorption, Machine learning, Mice, Plasmas, Molecular biomarkers, Blood. Abstract: Early diagnosis of glioma may be achieved by detecting the molecular biomarkers in brain tissues and body fluids. Terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) absorption spectra of mouse blood plasma were studied in the dynamics of the U87 glioblastoma development. Machine learning methods were used to identify the most informative THz and IR spectral ranges associated with glioma molecular markers provided the best distinguishing animals with and without glioblastoma. |
17,759 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid systems modeling of cooperative robots, and key words: Robot kinematics, Robotics and automation, Automata, Formal verification, Laboratories, Robot sensing systems, Cooperative systems, Power system modeling, Petri nets, Robot programming. Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology that uses hybrid systems to model multiple robots in the execution of cooperative tasks. Basically, each robot is represented by a hybrid automation and the cooperative task execution is modeled by the composition of several automata. We describe in details our approach to perform the composition of these automata and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology modeling a cooperative manipulation task. |
17,760 | Please write an abstract with title: An Alternative Approach for THD Assessment, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Steady-state, Transmission line matrix methods, Voltage measurement, Frequency measurement, Power grids, Standards. Abstract: In a grid, electrical installations operate under strict conditions to power quality, such as low harmonic emission, a balanced three-phase voltage, stable frequency, and a voltage level at consumer buses. Harmonic emission, mostly caused by non-linear loads, may lead to different well-known negative effects. However, some consumers are not able to operate with zero-emission, which leads to some consensus when a part of this emission to the grid is allowed. In order to compare the normalized and actual emission levels, and for quantitative assessment, in IEEE's and different national standards (in Russian Federation, USA, and EU countries, etc.), it has been introduced a factor named total harmonic distortion factor (THD). This paper outlines an approach for THD calculation, based on the operator-matrix state variable method (OMSV method). |
17,761 | Please write an abstract with title: New Encryption Techniques From Lattice Thought In Topological Cryptography, and key words: Graphics, Quantum computing, Conferences, Lattices, Supercomputers, Encryption, Information technology. Abstract: For answering the similarity authentication problem: "For a given public key-graph G colored by a coloring , find a private key-graph H admitting a coloring such that G and H admit one of some similarities, and a particular text-based string induced from a Topcode-matrix of G is authenticated with another particular text-based string induced from a Topcode-matrix of H". For new new encryption techniques and measuring various similarities between graphs, we define some particular W-similarities, such as: isomorphic subgraph similarity, subgraph Topcode-matrix similarity, isomorphic colored subgraph similarity, subgraph degree-sequence ε-distance similarity, subgraph m-editable similarity, graphic base H-similarity, etc. Moreover, we introduce several graph operations, graph-splitting group matchings and graphic lattices an so on, such that our topological encryption techniques can be used in the calculating era of supercomputer and quantum computer. |
17,762 | Please write an abstract with title: Artificial Intelligence based Early Detection and Timely Diagnosis of Mental Illness - A Review, and key words: Industries, Visualization, Mental disorders, Mental health, Machine learning, Depression, Sensors. Abstract: Mental health includes the overall well-being of an individual. It affects the daily life style and relationships of an individual. Physical health has always found space in regular discussions, whereas mental health has always been side-lined. Mental health and physical health are equally important and interrelated components of overall health. It is essential to take care of mental health in the same way as physical health. The health industry has successfully found new ways to treat physical diagnoses. There are solutions to all sorts of physical problems. But, the diagnosis of mental health is still a point of research. The turn of the century has witnessed machine learning, data mining, and several other technologies in diagnosing physical health problems like cancer, Arrhythmia. Early identification of mental illness is major setback in providing timely diagnosis. In this paper we aim to explore the pre-existing work of several technologies in the field of psychiatric care. The goal behind writing this paper is to speed up the existing research on early identification of mental disorders and faster and timely treatment of the same. |
17,763 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduced memory implementation of modified serial watershed algorithm based on ordered queue, and key words: Hardware, Gray-scale, Field programmable gate arrays, Application specific integrated circuits, MPEG 4 Standard, Layout, Image segmentation, Floods, Guidelines, Video coding. Abstract: The MPEG-4 standard offers guidelines to compose video objects to get complete visual scenes. In order to extract video objects from the video content of a scene, image segmentation becomes a necessary first step in the MPEG-4 video coding. The watershed transformation is one of the basic tools in mathematical morphology, which is employed in image segmentation. Direct implementation of a serial watershed algorithm based on ordered queue is very slow and consumes a lot of resources. Faster implementation of the algorithm on a chip is difficult owing to a large amount of memory required. In this paper, we propose a modified algorithm which requires fifty times less memory compared to the original watershed algorithm by ordered queue, and is also suitable for hardware implementation. Simulation results have been furnished to validate the proposed algorithm. An architecture suitable for FPGA/ASIC implementation is also proposed. |
17,764 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust walking control based on the extended variable stiffness SLIP model, and key words: Legged locomotion, Analytical models, Switches, Numerical simulation, Robustness, Numerical models, Trajectory. Abstract: The spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model is commonly used as a template model to control the walking gait of bipedal robots. However, this model has two major deficiencies: it ignores the swing foot dynamics and it lacks robustness against disturbances. These issues have been separately addressed in a couple of studies. The robustness issue of the SLIP was addressed by swapping the leg springs with variable stiffness ones in the variable SLIP (V-SLIP) model. The SLIP model with swing leg (SLIP-SL) introduced swing leg dynamics to the SLIP by adding a massed leg and foot, and springs to move them. In this paper, we first propose a template model that combines the swing leg dynamics and robustness solutions in a new model called "the variable stiffness SLIP model with swing leg dynamics" (VSLIP-SL). Then, we go on to propose a controller for a 5-link fully actuated bipedal robot model that is based on the VSLIP-SL. The challenge of the controller is to translate the variable stiffness responses of the VSLIP-SL to the 5-link model, which does not have any compliant elements. We achieve this through an encoderdecoder scheme and feedback linearization. It is shown by numerical simulations that we are able to tackle the robustness issue on a template level. |
17,765 | Please write an abstract with title: Resource Allocation for UAV-Assisted MIMO-NOMA Wireless Caching Networks, and key words: NOMA, Array signal processing, Simulation, Millimeter wave technology, Autonomous aerial vehicles, Hybrid power systems, Delays. Abstract: With the advantages of high flexibility and low cost, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)-assisted communications have been recognized as an important technique in the future wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation strategies in a UAV-assisted multiple input multiple output non-orthogonal multiple access (MIMO-NOMA) wireless caching networks (WCN) to minimize the user delay. Since the optimization problem is a mixed-integer non-linear problem, it is decomposed into three sub-problems, which are UAV deployment, hybrid beamforming and power allocation. For UAV deployment, we apply K-means method to group users according to users' distribution to determine the two-dimensional position of the UAVs. Since the base station (BS) to UAVs are millimeter wave (mmWave) MIMO channels, DFT codebook and zero forcing (ZF) are used for analog beamforming and digital beamforming, respectively. In the content delivery phase, we optimize the power allocation factors for NOMA users using the genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize user delay. Simulation results confirm that the proposed NOMA scheme can achieve better performance than traditional frequency division multiple access (FDMA) scheme. |
17,766 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental Hot Test of Beam/Wave Interactions with Metamaterial Slow Wave Structures, and key words: Magnetic resonance, Microwave measurement, High power microwave generation, Surface waves, Substrates, Solenoids, Saturation magnetization. Abstract: This chapter focuses on research performed at MIT on various iterations of complementary‐split‐ring resonators‐based metamaterials (MTMs) that were hot tested. MTM plates arranged with reverse symmetry operate in a deflecting mode with a negative group velocity to generate high power. The power and frequency measurements of the device were done in a large 3D parameter space, with the three parameters being the beam voltage, the lens field, and the solenoid field. The idea of applying steering coils comes from the fact that high power is always observed in the deflecting field mode with the cyclotron motion involved. A high‐power microwave (HPM) source consisting of a backward wave oscillator based on a MTM slow wave structure (SWS) was investigated and tested at the University of New Mexico. The MTM SWS is composed of a circular waveguide with periodic loading of two complementary electric split‐ring resonator disks. |
17,767 | Please write an abstract with title: Binary Function Similarity Detection Based on Graph Neural Network with Self-Attention Mechanism, and key words: Computational modeling, Software algorithms, Big Data, Aerospace electronics, Software, Data models, Security. Abstract: Binary function similarity searching is an important method for vulnerability search and software security assurance. In order to meet the requirements of software security detecting on mobile platforms, we improve the high-accuracy graph matching algorithm and propose a SAGEN (Self-Attention based Graph Embedding Network) model. SAGEN can reduce retrieval time and improve retrieval speed while ensuring high accuracy, which enables high-accuracy graph matching algorithms to be applied to practical scenarios. The method first obtains the control flow chart by the binary function file, and then generates the graph data by the control flow chart. After that, this paper proposes a self-attention based graph neural network to embed graphs into a vector space. Finally, the similarity score between graphs is obtained by calculating the distance between graph embedding vectors. The experiment results show that SAGEN can achieve better results than most of existing models in accuracy while ensuring meeting retrieval speed requirements. |
17,768 | Please write an abstract with title: Using Optimization and Auction Approach: Security provided to Vehicle network through Blockchain Technology, and key words: Security, Blockchain, Privacy, Data privacy, Particle swarm optimization, Data integrity, Safety. Abstract: The internet of vehicles (IoV) a distributed network to allow the vehicles to communicate and data exchanged in real-time with other vehicles., humans., roadside infrastructures., etc. To communicate vehicles within non-trusted environments is difficult to evaluate the trustworthiness. By integrated blockchain with IoV., we improved the data sharing among vehicles., driving safety., security., and traceability. In this paper., miners are selected through the integration of multi attribute and two-stage auction to increase the trusted security between nodes. Further., to avoid the internal collision between miners., the blocks are selected through the Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm for miner-centric block validation selection. In every timeslot., the blocks are verified by miners and their positions updated dynamically. The proposed incentive mechanism performance is shown in the experiment results to improve the trustworthiness and security for data sharing in Blockchain-based IoV. |
17,769 | Please write an abstract with title: Residual generation for fault diagnosis in linear time-varying systems, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Time varying systems, Stochastic systems, Matrix decomposition, Mathematical model, Actuators, Condition monitoring, Systems engineering and theory, Signal design, Sensor systems. Abstract: A residual generation method for fault diagnosis in deterministic and stochastic linear time-varying systems is proposed in this note. Based on appropriate assumptions on the monitored faults and on some persistent excitation condition, it enables complete diagnosis of any number of faults, regardless of the number of output sensors. In order to generate residuals for fault diagnosis, part of the possible faults are estimated with a recently developed technique of adaptive observer. The sensitivity of the residuals to the monitored faults is rigorously analyzed, as well as their insensitivity to the faults to be ignored. |
17,770 | Please write an abstract with title: Inverse Design of Mid-IR Quantum Cascade Lasers, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Neural networks, Superlattices, Input devices, Distance measurement, Object recognition. Abstract: The active core (AC) of a quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a superlattice with hundreds of layers, which embodies stages consisting of 10-12 quantum wells repeating 30 to 50 times. Optimization of these layer thicknesses and compositions yields the desired device performance metrics for a given structure. As part of the device-design processfor these structures, human intervention is needed at multiple steps from identifying relevant wavefunctions to analyzing device-performance metrics. This is a time-consuming process ranging from weeks to months with little to no guarantee of success. We aim to replace this human intervention aspect of the AC design by training deep neural networks (DNNs) and implement an inverse design approach. To train these DNNs, datasets of QCL-AC structure and corresponding performance metrics are used to develop instinctive connections between them. After training is finished, we expect this network to achieve an AC design based on input device performance metrics in a significantly shorter timeframe. |
17,771 | Please write an abstract with title: Non Contact Methods of Heart Rate Variability Measuring and Analysis, and key words: Heart rate variability, Electrocardiography, Electrodes, Accelerometers, Vibrations, Matlab, Artificial neural networks. Abstract: It is well known that the heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the activity of the autonomic nervous system. HRV is calculated from heart rate (HR). HR is a nonstationary signal; its frequency variation may contain indicators of current disease, or warnings about impending cardiac diseases. Irregular variance of HRV can be considered as a predictor for sudden cardiac death or for cardiac transplant patient, etc. Measurements of HRV can be acquired by analyzing the changes of heart rate with power spectral analysis or obtained from model by using the nonlinear dynamics e.g. chaos theory. This paper deals on different approach for HRV measuring and their properties. All described methods were tested and results are shown. |
17,772 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Human Blockage on Dynamic Indoor Multipath Channels at 27 GHz, and key words: Antenna measurements, Loss measurement, Delays, Semiconductor device measurement, Synchronization, Stairs, Power measurement. Abstract: Human blockage and its dynamics are potential challenges for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) mobile communication. This article presents the results of wideband measurements at 27 GHz with one human blocker close by a dynamic mobile terminal (MT) as well as one or multiple dynamic human blockers further away from an MT. The measured human blockage loss is largest when the direct path (DP) in a line-of-sight (LOS) is blocked, but this loss is limited by other multipath components (MPCs). For nonline-of-sight (NLOS) channels, it is shown that human blockage loss is typically negligible. The presented measurement results show that human blockage loss in multipath channels is much smaller than that reported in diffraction- and measurement-based models, which neglect or minimize the contribution of all MPCs other than the DP. This suggests that the multipath nature of the indoor wireless channel highly limits the impact of human blockage. |
17,773 | Please write an abstract with title: A framework for molecular biology database integration using context graph, and key words: Databases, Navigation, Resource description framework, Biology computing, Biological system modeling, Joining processes, Context modeling, Educational institutions, Query processing, Writing. Abstract: This paper proposes a framework based on the context of the Web data for interactions with different biological data resources so that a consolidated view of data can be achieved. A formal description of context of resources and their relationships have been described here using context graph. The context increases the interoperability by providing the description of the resources and the navigation plan for accessing the Web based databases. A higher level construct is developed to implement the context in RDF for Web interactions. The interaction among the resources is achieved by using a context based integration domain. The integration domain allows to navigate and execute the query plan within the resource databases. |
17,774 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimation of Partial Shading and Soiling Percentage for a Solar Panel using an Artificial Neural Network Model, and key words: Training, Temperature sensors, Analytical models, Radiation effects, Voltage, Data models, Mathematical models. Abstract: The power generated by solar panels is affected by irradiation levels, ambient temperature, shading (nearby trees and objects which can fall on panels), and faults (open circuit, and short circuit faults). The data of annual shading helps to decide whether the panels need to be shifted to a different location or to identify the cause of shading and eliminate it. This paper presents a neural network model to calculate the percentage shading over a particular module using output power, irradiation, and temperature as inputs. A comparison using the various training-to-validation ratio is carried to decide the best ratio for the model. This paper also proposes a monitoring system of a PV panel using Arduino UNO microcontroller, connected to the voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. The data acquired from the sensors are stored in an SD card using an SD card module connected to the Arduino. Further analysis and development of mathematical and prediction models consider the data acquired for a window of 10 seconds over a particular period. |
17,775 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Robust Fractional Predictive Control using Global Optimization Approach, and key words: Robust predictive control, uncertain fractional systems, Grünwald–Letnikov’s definition, Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. Abstract: This paper provides a new approach to solve non-convex min-max predictive controller for fractional systems with real uncertain parameters. The Grünwald-Letnikov's (GL) definition will be used as a fractional internal model to predict the plant future dynamic behavior. This definition consists in replacing the fractional order derivation operator of the adopted process representation by a discrete approximation. The controller parameters are obtained by resolving a min-max non-convex optimization problem. The resolution of this problem under constraints using a standard approach can give local solutions. Thus, we propose the use of the Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is a global optimization approach that consists to transforming the initial non-convex optimization problem to a convex one by means of variable transformations. The efficiency of the proposed robust fractional predictive controller is illustrated in simulation with an uncertain fractional system example. |
17,776 | Please write an abstract with title: Image Defogging Quality Assessment: Real-World Database and Method, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Degradation, Visualization, Image color analysis, Image quality, Measurement, Learning systems. Abstract: Fog removal from an image is an active research topic in computer vision. However, current literature is weak in the following two areas which in many ways are hindering progress for developing defogging algorithms. First, there is no true real-world and naturally occurring foggy image datasets suitable for developing defogging models. Second, there is no suitable mathematically simple and easy to use image quality assessment (IQA) methods for evaluating the visual quality of defogged images. We address these two aspects in this paper. We first introduce a new foggy image dataset called multiple real-world foggy image dataset (MRFID). MRFID contains foggy and clear images of 200 outdoor scenes. For each scene, one clear image and 4 foggy images of different densities defined as slightly foggy, moderately foggy, highly foggy, and extremely foggy, are manually selected from images taken from these scenes over the course of one calendar year. We then process the foggy images of MRFID using 16 defogging methods to obtain 12,800 defogged images (DFIs) and perform a comprehensive subjective evaluation of the visual quality of the DFIs. Through collecting the mean opinion score (MOS) of 120 subjects and evaluating a variety of fog-relevant image features, we have developed a new Fog-relevant Feature based SIMilarity index (FRFSIM) for assessing the visual quality of DFIs. We present extensive experimental results to show that our new visual quality assessment measure, the FRFSIM, is more consistent with the MOS than other IQA methods and is therefore more suitable for evaluating defogged images than other state-of-the-art IQA methods. Our dataset and relevant code are available at http://www.vistalab.ac.cn/MRFID-for-defogging/. |
17,777 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design of Logging while Drilling’s Data Acquisition & Processing System based on High Data Rate Miller code, and key words: Decoding, Real-time systems, Task analysis, Field programmable gate arrays, Synchronization, Process control, Signal processing algorithms. Abstract: Mud pulse is adopted in logging while drilling/rotary steering system (LWD/RSS) to uplink down-hole measured signal. With the development of logging technology, the transmission rate commonly adopted in China has been unable to meet the needs of real-time uplink of existing parameters to achieve geo-steering and formation evaluation. Based on the coding characteristics of miller code signal and the requirements of sampling data precision in high data rate transmission, this paper designs a mud pulse signal acquisition and processing system based on ARM + FPGA dual processor architecture, and realizes the decoding and processing of high data rate miller code signal based on empirical mode decomposition, bit synchronization and other signal processing technologies. The correctness and adaptability of the system are further verified and optimized by field application. |
17,778 | Please write an abstract with title: Risk-Sensitive Motion Planning using Entropic Value-at-Risk, and key words: Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Europe, Prediction algorithms, Planning, Numerical models, Motion measurement. Abstract: We consider the problem of risk-sensitive motion planning in the presence of randomly moving obstacles. To this end, we adopt a model predictive control (MPC) scheme and pose the obstacle avoidance constraint in the MPC problem as a distributionally robust constraint with a KL divergence ambiguity set. This constraint is the dual representation of the Entropic Value-at-Risk (EVaR). Building upon this viewpoint, we propose an algorithm to follow waypoints and discuss its feasibility and completion in finite time. We compare the policies obtained using EVaR with those obtained using another common coherent risk measure, Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), via numerical experiments for a 2D system. We also implement the waypoint following algorithm on a 3D quadcopter simulation. |
17,779 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Conservation- Residential Building, and key words: Buildings, Lighting, Energy consumption, Climate change, Energy efficiency, Software, HVAC. Abstract: An important part of environmental impact assessment is to study the energy use of a building. Different patterns of energy consumption, behavior of consumer and use of natural energy resources are deciding factors for sustainable life of the building and resident. At present, residential buildings holds a significant responsibility of electricity consumption in India. It is necessary that the building should be audited for its energy use to minimize the carbon footprint. In this paper, the first focus is to improve the performance of a residential building by optimizing its energy use pattern and another objective is to create a generalized Audit Awareness for Residential Building Sector. The collected data of the audited candidate building is simulated using Integrated Environmental Solution (IES) in Virtual Environment based on the Guidelines of ASHARE Modules. For the residential building, an energy saving of 6.12 % and a cost saving of 24.78% is proposed. |
17,780 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion on Teacher-student Factors of Influencing Factors of Sergeant Vocational and Technical Education, and key words: Computers, Education, Information processing. Abstract: As individual participants at both ends of teaching activities, the subjective factors of teachers and students play a very important role in the development of Sergeant vocational and technical education. Effectively solving the problems existing in both teaching activities and seizing the opportunity for the development of college education reform is one of the current priorities of Sergeant Vocational and Technical Education institutions. |
17,781 | Please write an abstract with title: Improvement of Internal Control of Anti Money Laundering in State-owned Enterprises Based on Evolutionary Game Analysis, and key words: Regulators, Costs, Games, Control systems, Blockchains. Abstract: Based on the hypothesis of bounded rationality and from the perspective of internal and external forces, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model between state-owned enterprises and external regulators, state-owned enterprise management and anti money laundering risk control department, and studies how to improve the internal control of state-owned enterprises. The results show that the supervision cost of regulators, the social benefits of strict supervision and the utility loss of loose supervision are the main factors that affect the improvement of the internal control system of anti money laundering of state-owned enterprises. In order to solve the connivance attitude of state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to combine punishment mechanism with incentive compensation mechanism, improve social supervision mechanism, and promote self-discipline of state-owned enterprises. These conclusions provide a theoretical reference for state-owned enterprises to improve the internal control of anti money laundering. |
17,782 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct adaptive fuzzy-neural control with state observer and supervisory controller for unknown nonlinear dynamical systems, and key words: Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Fuzzy control, Force control, Stability, Output feedback, Control system synthesis. Abstract: In this paper, an observer-based direct adaptive FNN controller with supervisory mode for a certain class of high order unknown nonlinear dynamical system is presented. The direct adaptive control (DAC) has the advantage of less design effort by not using FNN to model the plant. By using an observer-based output feedback control law and adaptive law, the free parameters of the adaptive FNN controller can be tuned online based on the Lyapunov synthesis approach. A supervisory controller is appended into the FNN controller to force the state to be within the constraint set. Therefore, if the FNN controller cannot maintain the stability, the supervisory controller starts working to guarantee stability. On the other hand, if the FNN controller works well, the supervisory controller will be de-activated. The overall adaptive scheme guarantees the global stability of the resulting closed-loop system in the sense that all signals involved are uniformly bounded. |
17,783 | Please write an abstract with title: Qualitative Analysis of Equations Perturbed by Random Processes of "White Noise", and key words: Perturbation methods, Computational modeling, Indium tin oxide, Stochastic processes, White noise, Harmonic analysis, Mathematical models. Abstract: The report investigates the conditions of existence and the general appearance of locally invariant curves of a perturbed differential equation by a random Wiener process of the “white noise” type in the form of Ito. Random perturbations occur along the phase velocity vector of the corresponding undisturbed differential (deterministic) equation. The conditions under which the locally phase trajectories of the corresponding deterministic differential equation can be locally invariant curves of the perturbed equation are established. A model example describing a certain class of problems related to the study of random harmonic oscillators is given. The conducted researches in an example illustrate application of the received results for construction and the analysis of stochastic differential equations of Ito. The proposed results can be used for qualitative analysis of random harmonic oscillators. |
17,784 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite element modeling of an offshore region with restricted flow, and key words: Rivers, Boundary conditions, Power generation, Finite element methods, Solid modeling, Calibration, Mathematical model, Water conservation, Power engineering and energy, Thermal engineering. Abstract: In this study, thermal impacts from the operation of the Crystal River Power Station were assessed. The station is located on the Gulf of Mexico and consists of five units, three of which have open cycle cooling systems. The assessment of impacts was performed using a pair of two-dimensional finite elements models. Field data collected during two month-long survey periods were used to develop boundary conditions and information necessary for calibration of the models. The modeling effort was complicated by open boundaries on three sides of the study area and the presence of several long strings of oyster reefs. The oyster reefs cause a flow restriction which is dependent on the water elevation and thus changes throughout the tidal cycle. Following modifications to the models, satisfactory calibration and realistic operational predictions were made. |
17,785 | Please write an abstract with title: Link Planning Schemes for Uninterrupted Inter-layer Communication in Dual-layer LEO Optical Satellite Networks, and key words: Integrated optics, Satellites, Optical design, Optical switches, Low earth orbit satellites, Telecommunication traffic, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: LEO optical satellite networks are attracting more and more attention from academic and industry. However, most existing studies focus on single-layer LEO constellation, which has the problems such as limited space resources and network traffic congestion. With the development of optical satellite networks, dual-layer LEO optical satellite networks can become a feasible topological structure. In this paper, we design an inter-layer links (ILLs) planning model for uninterrupted inter-layer communication (UILC) in the dual-layer LEO constellation. Based on this model, we propose two link planning schemes (i.e., the link switching (LS-UILC) scheme and the permanent link (PL-UILC) scheme) to achieve uninterrupted inter-layer communication. Then, we simulate these two schemes by setting different inter-layer laser communication distances. Numeric results show that the LS-UILC when the laser communication distance is 1292-7588km and the PL-UILC when the distance is 5060-7588km respectively achieve uninterrupted inter-layer communication. At the maximum distance of 7588km, LS-UILC can obtain a maximum of 98 valid ILLs and PL-UILC can implement a maximum of 11 permanent ILLs. |
17,786 | Please write an abstract with title: A Design of Sparse Neural Network Accelerator for Memory Access Optimization, and key words: Conferences, Memory management, Neurons, Computational efficiency, Convolutional neural networks, Biological neural networks, Optimization. Abstract: At present, convolutional neural networks have developed rapidly. How to improve computational efficiency and optimize memory access has become an important research direction in neural network accelerators. In this paper, we proposed a new sparse convolutional neural network accelerator. The new accelerator improves the efficiency of memory access. What's more, it can also effectively utilize the neuron sparsity in the sparse convolutional neural network, thus improving the computation speed of the accelerator. Compared with the existing sparse convolutional neural network accelerators, the experiments show that the memory access time of the accelerator is reduced by 60%, the average speedup of overall neural networks and the convolutional layer is 1.81x and 2.38x respectively. |
17,787 | Please write an abstract with title: Fractional Capacitance and EM Waves Propagation, and key words: Stimulated emission, Space charge, Capacitance, Fractals, Mathematical models, Reflection, Plasmas. Abstract: Fractional calculus has been used to study the effects of Maxwell equations [1] . Our group has studied the effects of electrode roughness on the electron emission (space charge limited current [2] and field emission [3] ) and optical absorption [4] . In this paper, we perform fractional modeling on electrostatic and electrodynamic problems based on fractals and fractional caculus. Firstly, we consider a modified form of a parallel plate capacitor for which the area and gap spacing can be in fractional dimension. The power scaling of this fractional capacitance can be determined by our model and results are comparable with numerical results from solving Maxwell equations. By using different types of fractals, we determine the value of the capacitance in terms of the normal full-solid capacitance. The power scaling law only depends on fractal dimenion of the underlying fractal structures. Secondly, we consider a propagating EM wave in a spatially disordered fractal dielectric slab. By solving a fractional 1D wave equation based on Stillinger's Laplacian operator, we calculate the reflection and transmission as a function of incident angle and frequency. With the inclusion of fractionality, significant difference is observed in the magnitude of reflection/transmission and Brewster angle. |
17,788 | Please write an abstract with title: On Certainty Equivalence Property in Deterministic LQ-problems with Random Initial Data and Information Constraints, and key words: State feedback, Decentralized control, Random variables, Optimization, Covariance matrices, Indexes. Abstract: Here we study a number of examples, which establish the fact that well-known certainty equivalence property is not hold for a generalization of LQ decentralized control problem - information constrained problem - even when certainty equivalence principle gives a critical point in the problem, and the admissible control set contains linear controllers only. |
17,789 | Please write an abstract with title: Coherent cooperative transmission from multiple adjacent antennas to a distant stationary antenna through AWGN channels, and key words: Transmitting antennas, AWGN channels, Receiving antennas, Antennas and propagation, Master-slave, Clocks, Additive white noise, Frequency, Timing, Propagation delay. Abstract: The information transmission from a cluster of adjacent antennas to a distant stationary antenna through additive white Gaussian noise channels is considered. With the coherent cooperative transmission approach, information bits are first shared among this cluster of transmit antennas, and then these antennas adjust their carrier phases, carrier frequencies, and symbol timings, so that signals containing the same data arrive at the receive antenna coherently and thus combine constructively in the transmission medium. To achieve this, first, a common time scale must be tracked by all transmit antennas. This time scale is distributed in a master-slave style, with the clock of the receive antenna acting as the master clock. Secondly, due to the different propagation delays both from the master to the slaves, and from the transmit antenna to the receive antennas, pre-compensation is employed at transmit antennas. We derive a mathematical model for this transmission scheme. The probability density functions of variables in this model are determined, and the bit error rates are computed, for various data energy distributions and headers. |
17,790 | Please write an abstract with title: Memo:me, an AR Sticky Note With Priority-Based Color Transition and On-Time Reminder, and key words: Augmented Reality, Annotation, Sticky note, Human-centered computing—Human computer interaction (HCI)—Interaction paradigms—Mixed/augmented reality. Abstract: We propose Memo:me, an AR sticky note with priority-based color transition and on-time reminders in smartphones. For the priority-based color transition, the user can choose by himself among three different colors, or the system changes the color automatically 10 minutes before the entered time. For the on-time reminder, Memo:me provides a visual notification and a sound at the designated time. We enabled users to create virtual notes on planes, or carry daily objects with the virtual notes attached. We expect that our system would benefit users to manage their tasks in a time-appropriate manner. |
17,791 | Please write an abstract with title: Parameters Compensation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Flux-Weakening Region for Rail Transit, and key words: Voltage control, Torque, Rails, Regulators, Inductance, Couplings, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: This article proposes a dual-parameters compensation control method to improve the torque accuracy of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in flux-weakening region for rail transit. For the sake of the feature that six-step operation is the essential operation of rail transit and switching frequency is very low, the proposed method works on the single q-axis current regulator-variable voltage angle (SQCR-VVA) flux-weakening control strategy for PMSM operation. Based on SQCR-VVA flux-weakening control, impact of inaccurate parameters is analyzed in seven different conditions, and inaccurate parameters (d-axis inductance, q-axis inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage) result in the errors on d-axis current response and d-axis feed forward voltage. In order to eliminate the impact of the three parameters at the same time, dual compensation regulators are applied to the proposed method. Error of q-axis inductance is identified by the d-axis voltage regulator. The whole impact of inaccurate d-axis inductance and permanent magnet flux linkage is eliminated by the d-axis current regulator. The proposed method is subsequently tested on PMSM and shows quite good performance on the improvement of torque accuracy. |
17,792 | Please write an abstract with title: EIoVChain: Towards Authentication and Secure Communication Based Blockchain for Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and key words: Wireless communication, Road accidents, Smart cities, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Authentication, Blockchains, Safety. Abstract: As the backbone of smart cities, the IoV has the potential to greatly enhance transportation effectiveness, passenger and driver safety, reduction of energy use, and road accidents. However, due to the fact that the vehicle, Road-Side-Units (RSU), and Edge Server use wireless channels to communicate, the risk of leaking or falsifying information is greatly improved. We offer EIoVChain, a reliable registration and authentication, secure information sharing based on the IoV edge server blockchain schema with minimal latency and efficient storage to address these issues. EIoVChain works with a novel primary node allocation algorithm that selects primary nodes based on their decentralized trust and a block verification process that identifies the transaction's validity of that block. The consensus algorithm follows the practical Byzantine fault tolerance model (PBFT) which works even when opposing nodes are active in EIoVChain. We have implemented EIoVChain on Raspberry pi 4. Experimental results show that EIoVChain outperforms conventional solutions with 66% verification delay and 49% communication overhead. |
17,793 | Please write an abstract with title: End-to-End Person Re-identification including Camera Zooming based on Meta-Analysis for Images, and key words: Image quality, Image resolution, Image recognition, Data analysis, Face recognition, Data acquisition, Lighting. Abstract: This paper proposes an end-to-end person re-identification method including pan-tilt-zoom camera control in a real-world environment containing many moving people. Person re-identification, which means consistently identifying the same person from images from multiple cameras, brings great benefits to many services such as real-time person search. However, re-identification in the real world has challenges such as uniqueness of appearance, image quality, lighting, and poses of person. We address these challenges in two ways. First, we use the face images for re-identification because the face is the most unique feature of a person. Second, to acquire high-resolution images for facial recognition, our approach utilizes camera zooming. On the other hand, the reduction of field of view by zooming decreases the number of probed people. This paper proposes a method that resolves this trade-off by selecting the probed person from many people in the environment. Although many prior works have focused on data analysis by assuming data are pre-given, the proposed method solves the joint problem of facial recognition and image acquisition. The method selects the probed person who is likely to generate effective images for improving the accuracy of re-identification on the basis of the recognition results and the resolution, quantity, and variation of collected images. Experiments using a video dataset showed that the proposed method increased the success rate of re-identification by 25% compared with random selection. |
17,794 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automatic Approach to Measure and Visualize Coupling in Object-Oriented Programs, and key words: Couplings, Measurement, XML, Tools, Java, Visualization, Software measurement. Abstract: The task of measuring coupling in software systems is important to evaluate the software quality such as maintainability and reusability. The software engineers and developers spend much time and effort in order to accomplish this task. Measuring the coupling automatically helps in getting rid of the manual measurement inadequacy. In this paper, we proposed an approach to automatically measure and visualize the coupling among classes of object-oriented programs. The generated representations provide an overall recognition of the coupling in an effective and interactive way. The approach parses the program source code, using an existing tool, into an XML file, and extracts the class tokens according to the definitions of the coupling metrics. Then, it determines the coupling relationships through matching these tokens with other classes tokens. Finally, it generates interactive visualizations of the coupling utilizing several charts. A case study has been conducted to validate the proposed approach. The results indicated that the generated visualizations facilitate a comprehensive realization of the program coupling, and leads to a proper estimation of the software quality in terms of its coupling measure. |
17,795 | Please write an abstract with title: Rotation and translation of objects represented by octrees, and key words: Tree graphs, Shape, Computer graphics, Orbital robotics, Robot vision systems, Robot sensing systems, NIST, Labeling, Application software, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: This paper describes an algorithm for performing arbitrary translations and rotations of objects represented by octrees. Given an octree in a standard position and a transformation, the algorithm builds a new tree in a top down fashion, visiting each node in the new tree only once, and constructing only those nodes that appear in the final tree. It works by projecting the transformed space over the original tree, and labeling the new nodes according to the labels of the nodes in the underlying untransformed tree. |
17,796 | Please write an abstract with title: Using a Commercial Framework to Implement and Enhance the IEEE 1451.1 Standard, and key words: Transducers, Operating systems, Application software, Prototypes, XML, Environmental management, Communication system software, Software libraries, Control system synthesis, Distributed control. Abstract: In 1999, the 1451.1 std was published defining a common object model and interface specification to develop open, multi-vendor distributed measurement and control systems. However, despite the well-known advantages of the model, few have been the initiatives to implement it. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a NCAP - network capable application processor, in a well-known and well-proven infrastructure: the Microsoft .NET framework. The choice of a commercial framework was part of our strategy: to take advantage of several "of the shelf" technologies and adapt them to produce a NCAP prototype, called NCAP/XML. In addition, a solution to enhance the 1451.1 Std is presented by proposing a new format for inter-NCAP communication based on XML (extended markup language) |
17,797 | Please write an abstract with title: Green IoT and sustainability in the U.A.E. post pandemic for an eco-friendly and sustainable smart agriculture, and key words: Smart agriculture, Statistical analysis, Pandemics, Green products, Government, Market research, Internet of Things. Abstract: IoT connects billions of devices with each other in the smart world. In order to exchange very large amount of information amongst billions of devices massive energy is required. Green IoT is inspired by reducing the energy consumption of IoT devices achieving a sustainable IoT environment. The UAE government wants to ensure a highly sustainable development also preserving the environment, and achieve a perfect balance between social and economic development. In order to do this the UAE Vision 2021 tells that the main agenda is to focus on improving the quality of air, preserving water resources, increasing the contribution of clean energy and implementing green growth plans [14]. In this research paper, an overview of Green IoT is discussed, followed by the statistical analysis of IoT and sustainability in the U.A.E., Green IoT technologies and the challenges faced. |
17,798 | Please write an abstract with title: MOAR: a multi-channel opportunistic auto-rate media access protocol for ad hoc networks, and key words: Media Access Protocol, Ad hoc networks, Physical layer, Frequency diversity, Wireless application protocol, Access protocols, Mobile ad hoc networks, Signal to noise ratio, Data communication, Bandwidth. Abstract: The IEEE 802.11 wireless media standard supports multiple frequency channels as well as multiple data rates at the physical (PHY) layer. In this paper, we introduce the multi-channel opportunistic auto rate (MOAR), an enhanced MAC protocol for multi-channel and multi-rate IEEE 802.11 enabled wireless ad hoc networks to opportunistically exploit the presence of frequency diversity (in the form of multiple frequency channels). The key mechanism of MOAR is that if the signal to noise ratio on the current channel is not favorable, mobile nodes can opportunistically skip to better quality frequency channels enabling data transmission at a higher rate. As channel separation for IEEE 802.11 is greater than the coherence bandwidth, different channels experience independent fading and hence there is a high probability that the skipping nodes will find better channel conditions on one of the other frequency channels. Each skip comes at the cost of resources spent in channel measurement since channel quality of different channels is not known a priori. Consequently, we devise an optimal skipping rule for MOAR which maps the channel conditions at the PHY layer to a MAC rule which allows each node to determine its optimum number of skips based on average channel conditions. Finally, we perform an extensive set of ns-2 simulations to evaluate the performance of MOAR and the impact of such factors as location distribution, channel conditions and error in channel measurements on the throughput gains offered by MOAR. |
17,799 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Approximation-Based Fractional-Order Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for DC–DC Buck Converters, and key words: Buck converters, Calculus, Uncertainty, Heuristic algorithms, Voltage control, Convergence, Fuzzy logic. Abstract: This article presents a simple and systematic approach to synthesize a robust adaptive fuzzy fractional-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (AFFO-NTSMC) to improve the output voltage tracking control performance of the dc–dc buck converters. The hybrid control method of fractional-order (FO) calculus and NTSMC are combined to create a FO-NTSMC, in which a new FO nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is established. The idea behind this strategy is the increased flexibility achieved by FO calculation, improving robustness to disturbances and parameters variations provided by the traditional sliding mode controllers as well as finite time convergence properties of the output voltage error to the equilibrium point during the output load changes, simultaneously. In addition, a fuzzy logic system with online adaptive learning algorithm is designed to provide smooth chattering in switching control signal. The stability of the closed-loop system is carefully demonstrated by Lyapunov's theorem. Experimental measurements from a laboratory prototype are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed AFFO-NSTSMC algorithm. |
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