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17,800 | Please write an abstract with title: A Reliability-and-Energy-Balanced Service Function Chain Mapping and Migration Method for Internet of Things, and key words: Reliability, Cloud computing, Internet of Things, Load modeling, Delays, Resource management, Network function virtualization. Abstract: With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is introduced in the edge network to provide flexible and personalized service. However, there still exist some problems to be solved, such as high cost, unbalanced load, and low availability. Therefore, a reliability-and-energy-balanced Service Function Chain (SFC) mapping and migration method is presented for IoT applications. First, aiming at improving network performance and reducing expenditure, an SFC mapping algorithm based on cost optimization, load balancing, and reliability is proposed to map SFC requests onto the network and provide backup. Second, aiming at optimizing resource configuration, an SFC migration method based on energy consumption and quality of service is proposed to integrate network resources. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the compared algorithms by 15.5% and 24.55% in the acceptance ratio of SFC requests and the overall costs, respectively. |
17,801 | Please write an abstract with title: Land Use and Land Cover Classification Using Recurrent Neural Networks with Shared Layered Architecture, and key words: Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Satellites, Computer architecture, Feature extraction, Informatics, Monitoring. Abstract: Land use and land cover specifies, classifying the land cover areas into various land use and land cover classes. The purpose of land use and land cover classification is that monitoring and identifying the various land cover classes exactly. Because of that, we can prevent land cover objects from destruction. The machine learning and deep learning techniques plays very important role in land use and land cover classification. In this research work, Shared Layer Recurrent neural networks (SLRNN) are used to classify the LISS-IV images into various land cover classes. Specifically, as a proposed work shared layer architecture are used. The performance of shared layer Recurrent neural network is compared with coupled layer Recurrent neural network (CLRNN), uniform layer Recurrent neural network (ULRNN) and traditional recurrent neural network. Multitask learning can be supported by shared layer Recurrent neural network. Due to this multitask learning, SLRNN successfully classify the LISS-IV multispectral satellite images into various land cover classes with high accuracy. SLRNN provides 5% accuracy rates than CLRNN, % accuracy rates than ULRNN, and 10% accuracy rates than traditional RNN. The results show that, this proposed method, provides better results than other method. |
17,802 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel High Gain Magnetically Coupled Impedance Source Inverter With Coupled Inductor Voltage Multiplier Cell, and key words: Inductance, Windings, High-voltage techniques, Inverters, Regulation, Impedance, Inductors. Abstract: The II-source inverter reduces the dependence of the inverter on the straight-through duty cycle and avoids the occurrence of the limit duty cycle by introducing the coupled inductor ratio of three windings on the basis of the traditional Z-source inverter. However, in order to achieve high voltage boost of Π-source inverter, large coupled inductor ratio is easy to cause excessive leakage inductance. The voltage is raised by embedding coupled inductor voltage multiplier cell and an additional coefficient n is added to realize three-degree-of-freedom adjustment. Combined with the clamping structure, the leakage inductance energy is absorbed. In this paper, the correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by MATLAB simulation. |
17,803 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical analysis of a CW RF pumped CO<inf>2</inf>waveguide laser, and key words: Numerical analysis, Radio frequency, Gas lasers, Pump lasers, Waveguide lasers, Steady-state, Laser excitation, Boring, Rectangular waveguides, Temperature. Abstract: A fully two-dimensional analysis of a steady-state RF excited rectangular bore waveguide laser, without adjustable parameters, is presented. The effects of the gas temperature, diffusion, and electron density on the laser gain are accounted for. Comparisons of predicted small-signal gain and output laser power with experimental results are given. The agreement is quite satisfactory. |
17,804 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-D Magnetotelluric Resistivity Imaging of Nanling-Xuancheng Ore Concentration Area, and key words: Geology, Conductivity, Ores, Rocks, Belts, Tensors, Magnetic resonance imaging. Abstract: We have implemented a magnetotelluric observation in the Nanling-Xuancheng Ore Concentration Area within the Middle-lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belts. The magnetotelluric data with 0.001-1000 s period was collected at 843 distinct sites, and all components are handled in the 3-D inversion of the observed dataset. We present the first detailed 3-D resistivity structure beneath the overlying sediment strata of the Nanling-Xuancheng Ore Concentration Area. The shallow parts of the inverted resistivity model fit well with surface geological information and the mineral deposit distribution, while the deep parts suggest a bulk of conductors exist beneath the southern boundary of the Xuancheng Basin. The presence of deep conductors implies an intense deformation and broken structure within this region. Moreover, the comparison with regional geological information, seismic reflection, and gravity data further strengthen this understanding. The study of the 3-D electrical structure is of particular importance for further exploration and research for this region and provides a reference for geophysical prospecting in other areas of the Middle-lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belts. |
17,805 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Purging and Ventilation Progress of Positive-Pressure Explosion-Proof Motor, and key words: Ventilation, Fluids, Atmospheric modeling, Analytical models, Explosives, Monitoring, Mathematical models. Abstract: In order to solve the problems of time-consuming, high-cost and poor safety in the purging and ventilation progress test of positive pressure explosion-proof motor, the multi-component fluid theory is introduced to analyze the positive-pressure explosion-proof motor. According to the basic explosion-proof principle and key problems of purging and ventilation progress simulation of positive-pressure explosion-proof motor, the explosion-proof finite element model of the motor is established, and the purging and ventilation progress of the motor is simulated and analyzed by multi-component fluid theory. By controlling the concentration of He (helium), the explosive environment and the purging process of the motor can be achieved, and it can be known whether there is a purging dead angle in the motor by observing the transient concentration of each component, which enhances the safety performance of the motor. Then the accuracy of the simulation is verified by experiments. Finally, based on the observation of the fluid components in the original motor, an optimization scheme of changing the intake pipe is proposed, which can improve the efficiency of purging and enhance the reliability of the motor. |
17,806 | Please write an abstract with title: The concept of a deepfake detection system of biometric image modifications based on neural networks, and key words: Deepfakes, Analytical models, Biometrics (access control), Biological system modeling, Neural networks, Data models, Classification algorithms. Abstract: The concept of a system for detecting deepfake modifications in biometric images is proposed. The concept is deployed based on the functioning of a convolutional neural network and the algorithm of the biometric image classifier according to the structure “sensitivity-Youden's index-optimal threshold-specificity”. |
17,807 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching automation and control during the COVID-19 pandemic, a first feedback, and key words: COVID-19, Photovoltaic systems, Fuzzy logic, Analytical models, Java, Automation, Pandemics. Abstract: This paper presents the state of the art of the main hardware families used for teaching methods of automatic and control during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three case studies based on practical labs in Junia HEI: Fuzzy logic for control, modeling and simulation of a photovoltaic system under Matlab/Simulink/Simpower and application development workshops in Java are analyzed. The feedbacks and the analysis of advantages show that automatic teaching continued to combine theory and practice despite the sanitary crisis and emphasize the importance of Matlab tool in automation and control teaching and learning. |
17,808 | Please write an abstract with title: An Optimized Interpolation Model Based on K–means Clustering for Rainfall Calculation, and key words: Geography, Interpolation, Clustering algorithms, Predictive models, Soil, Prediction algorithms, Data processing. Abstract: Rainfall is closely related to soil erosion monitoring. In geography, we collect rainfall data through precipitation stations, and then use interpolation algorithm to calculate the rainfall of a local area or a certain location. Based on the data from precipitation stations of Wuhan province, this paper proposes a data processing model based on the combination of K-means clustering algorithm and interpolation algorithm. Compared with the method only using interpolation calculation, the calculation error of the model with clustering algorithm is lower than that without clustering algorithm. |
17,809 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiential Learning for Teaching Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning Engineering, and key words: Industries, Heating systems, Technological innovation, HVAC, Education, Buildings, Heat engines. Abstract: In this Work in Progress Innovative Practice paper, we describe a teaching and learning facility that is being developed to test the effectiveness of using full-scale heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, and hands-on activity with these systems and their components, to improve learning outcomes. This facility is being developed to support the mission of an architectural engineering program, whose graduates normally practice engineering as building designers after their formal education. One hypothesis in this work is that interacting with these systems will increase the pace of learning, facilitating a rapidly expanding set of knowledge that is required for effective building design, compared with the status quo lecture and textbook delivery methods. Another hypothesis in this work is that the hands-on activity, and reflection on this activity, will lead to increased recruitment to, and retention within, programs that teach HVAC. This paper provides a background on this engineering specialization and the importance of effective education within it, then describes a novel educational facility that is being developed, the program in which it will be deployed, and describes results of a survey that revealed the need for this type of activity. The educational facility includes a full-scale functional HVAC system, of the type used in medium and large commercial buildings, that is housed within the learning facility, but not used by the facility for actual space conditioning, so that students can experiment freely, and have complete access to the system. Additional purpose-built equipment modules address specific learning objectives. These teaching innovations are being used to augment several existing courses in HVAC, as well as providing the basis for a new course that has been developed. The effectiveness of the innovations will be assessed, so that the methods and tools can be improved and generalized for wider scale. adoption. |
17,810 | Please write an abstract with title: How Do Drivers Observe Surrounding Vehicles in Real-World Traffic? Estimating the Drivers Primary Observed Traffic Objects, and key words: Measurement, Training data, Object detection, Feature extraction, Cameras, Road safety, Sensors. Abstract: Even though the safeguarding of automated driving functions is very present in automotive research, semiautomated and manually controlled systems will continue to be predominant in the next decade. Still, automation features such as driver assistance systems are becoming more prevalent and can operate more intuitively with the driver in a closed loop. Efficient interaction with the driver in partially automated systems can further improve road safety in the meantime. In this context, assessing the driver's perception of nearby traffic is crucial to making driver assistance safer and more collaborative. We propose a data-driven method to detect traffic-objects a driver is visually observing in the headway and side traffic using a multilabel neural-network as a classifier. This functionality is necessary to distinguish well controlled anticipatory driving from missing perception in partially automated driving. This could be an early reaction to decelerating vehicles ahead, even before a critical situation arises, or verification of the driver's perception of a cut-in. We validate the method using a data-driven ground truth from wearable eye trackers and automatically generated labels. Additional information comes from cameras installed in the vehicles to monitor the driver and traffic, as well as from measurement equipment that records CAN bus data. The proposed method achieves a Hamming accuracy of 69%, outperforming previous geometric models. |
17,811 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing Raindrop Energy Harvester Using PZT Piezoelectric Transducer, and key words: Performance evaluation, Piezoelectric materials, Piezoelectric transducers, Power amplifiers, Rectifiers, Bridge circuits, Voltage. Abstract: As an ecological source of renewable energy, the available kinetic energy of rainfall is not trifling, especially in tropical countries at the equators. The research on the use of piezoelectric transducers to harvest raindrop kinetic energy is gaining more and more attention recently. According to the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD), the annual average rainfall is 2,420 mm for Peninsular Malaysia, 2,630 mm for Sabah, and 3,830 mm for Sarawak. With annual average rainfall in Malaysia, this project is one of the solutions without wasting energy sources. Raindrops are a source of kinetic energy that can be utilised without wasting the source. To utilize the rainfall, using piezoelectric as an energy harvester can convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. Based on the problem highlighted, this research focuses on using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric mechanism which can harvest kinetic energy from raindrops and convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy. Other than that, this research also investigates the simulated analysis on the best type of alternating current to direct current (AC-DC) harvesting circuit to generate highly efficient power amplification and evaluate the performance of the whole raindrop energy harvester system. With energy generated, it will provide enough electric energy and then be applied for low voltage electronic devices. An experimental result shows that piezoelectric in a series-parallel configuration combination can produce an output voltage of 0.236 V and 0.023 mA for output current. |
17,812 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Coexistence of NR-U with Wi-Fi under 3GPP Fairness Constraint, and key words: Cellular networks, Protocols, Performance gain, Throughput, New Radio, 3GPP, Wireless fidelity. Abstract: The deployment of 5G New Radio in unlicensed spectrum is a promising solution to alleviate the spectrum crunch for cellular networks. With the openness of unlicensed spectrum, 5G New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) will coexist with the incumbent Wi-Fi networks. It is therefore important to study how to maintain harmonious coexistence with the Wi-Fi network. To address this issue, this paper considers two alternative throughput optimization strategies under the 3GPP fairness by adjusting the access parameter: one is to maximize the total throughput of coexisting scenario, and the other is to maximize the throughput of NR-U network. It is shown that the throughput gain of both optimization strategies are related to the initial backoff window size and the network size of Wi-Fi. Moreover, the first strategy can maximize the total throughput yet it may be unfair to the NR-U network while the second strategy can maximize NR-U throughput yet may be harmful to the total throughput. In practical scenario where the IEEE 802.11 EDCA protocol is adopted in Wi-Fi, the performance of NR-U cannot be guaranteed when optimizing the total throughput, and thus optimizing the throughput of NR-U is suggested for fair coexistence. |
17,813 | Please write an abstract with title: 2.5-Gb/s error-free wavelength conversion using a monolithically integrated widely tunable SGDBR-SOA-MZ transmitter and integrated photodetector, and key words: Photodetectors, Optical wavelength conversion, Tunable circuits and devices, Optical transmitters, Optical modulation, Optical receivers, Photoconductivity, Power measurement, Wavelength measurement, Bragg gratings. Abstract: Error-free operation at 2.5 Gb/s was demonstrated for the first monolithically integrated widely tunable photocurrent-driven Mach-Zehnder based wavelength converter. Power penalties of 1-2 dB were measured across the 37-nm wavelength range of the sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector. |
17,814 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrochemical effects at the conductor/dielectric interface - a description of the mechanism, and key words: Conductors, Dielectrics, Conducting materials, Accelerated aging, Cables, Aluminum, Trees - insulation, Life estimation, Materials testing, Insulation testing. Abstract: If water is present in the conductor area in cables where an aluminium conductor is used, porous channels can develop in the inner semiconductive layer when exposed to accelerated aging. These porous channels may then initiate and promote growth of vented trees. The development of these channels was investigated by ageing model insulation systems in an accelerated test by use of various materials and ageing parameters. The causes for this electrochemical ageing mechanism have previously been reported; these are further discussed in this paper. |
17,815 | Please write an abstract with title: Creating Internet of Things for the Benefit of Indian Society, and key words: Internet of Things, Sensors, Smart cities, Actuators, Smart homes. Abstract: With growing evolution in computing and communication technologies consolidated with the demand of supervising physical and environmental conditions gave rise to the expansion of Internet of Things(IoT). An Internet of Things is a wireless network comprising of diffused independent devices (Things in IoT) using sensors and actuators for monitoring and controlling of environment. It has been expected that trillions of such devices in coordination with billions of smart systems using millions of applications will be in use. The most of the internet traffic will be carried out by all such IoT devices in future. This brings up the challenges for diffused and cooperative computing and communication. The paper shows the road map and role of IoT as mother technology for the key of success for ongoing and future projects in India, such as clean and green India, smart city, high speed railway projects, pollution control systems, smart agriculture and many more. |
17,816 | Please write an abstract with title: Taming Process Variations in CNFET for Efficient Last-Level Cache Design, and key words: CNTFETs, Delays, Transistors, Layout, Very large scale integration, Radio frequency, Energy consumption. Abstract: Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) emerge as a promising alternative to CMOS transistors for the much higher speed and energy efficiency, which makes the technology particularly suitable for building the energy-hungry last-level cache (LLC). However, the process variations (PVs) in CNFET caused by the imperfect fabrication lead to large timing variations, and the worst case timing dramatically limits the LLC operation speed. Particularly, we observe that the CNFET-based cache latency distribution is closely related to the LLC layouts. For the two typical LLC layouts that have the CNT growth direction aligned to the cache way direction and cache set direction, respectively, we proposed variation-aware set aligned (VASA) cache and variation-aware way aligned (VAWA) cache in combination with corresponding cache optimizations, such as data shuffling and page mapping to enable low-latency cache for frequently used data. According to our experiments, the optimized LLC reduces the average access latency by 32% and 45% compared to the baseline designs on the two different CNFET layouts, respectively, while it improves the overall performance by 6% and 9%, and reduces the energy consumption by 4% and 8%, respectively. In addition, with both the architecture-induced latency variation and PV-incurred latency variation considered in a unified model, we extended the VAWA and VASA cache designs for the CNFET-based NUCA, and the proposed NUCA achieves both significant performance improvement and energy saving compared to the straightforward variation-aware NUCA. |
17,817 | Please write an abstract with title: Antenna radiation efficiency measurements in a reverberation chamber, and key words: Antenna measurements, Reverberation chamber, Horn antennas, Mobile antennas, Radio frequency, System performance, Antenna radiation patterns, Manufacturing, Stochastic processes, Testing. Abstract: In severe multipath environments, the relevant antenna parameter for mobile radiofrequency system performance is not its radiation pattern, but rather its radiation efficiency. Unfortunately, this feature is seldom known from the antenna manufacturer and is also difficult to calculate accurately for practical antennas. The determination of the radiation efficiency of an antenna from measurements carried out in the stochastic fields of a mode stirred reverberation chamber is described and discussed. Using a thin monopole antenna on a circular ground plane as a reference antenna, the efficiency of a horn antenna is measured at 1800 MHz. The influence on the measured radiation efficiency of any direct coupling between the antenna under test (AUT) and the source antenna is discussed. |
17,818 | Please write an abstract with title: Matrix Factorization-Based RSS Interpolation for Radio Environment Prediction, and key words: Interpolation, Wireless communication, Production facilities, Robots, Indexes, Artificial neural networks, Minimization. Abstract: This letter proposes matrix factorization (MF) based interpolation of received signal strength (RSS) from a transmitter mounted on moving robot in factory environment. For realizing the reliable wireless communication, machine learning based channel prediction methods have been intensively studied in the past decade. However, some traffic models will make the observation of RSS sequence be intermittent, and the missing values must be interpolated before input to the predictor. Classical interpolation such as linear interpolation cannot appropriately estimate the missing values because the result of the interpolation depends on the observation time. In this letter, we propose to apply an MF-based interpolation technique to RSS interpolation in order to restore the true RSS variation pattern. Moreover, the basic MF-based interpolation is improved by introducing a smoothing term in an objective function to represent the smooth variation of the RSS sequence. The simulation results show that the MF-based interpolation can improve the prediction accuracy of the machine learning based channel prediction method. |
17,819 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Automated Detection of Higher-Order Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities in Embedded Devices, and key words: Embedded systems, Fuzzing, Feature extraction, Data models, Security, Payloads, Testing. Abstract: The rapid growth and limited security protection of the networked embedded devices put the threat of remote code execution related memory corruption attacks front and center among security concerns. Current detection approaches can detect single-step and single-process memory corruption vulnerabilities well by fuzzing tests, and often assume that data stored in the current embedded device or even the embedded device connected to it is safe. However, an adversary might corrupt memory via multi-step exploits if she manages first to abuse the embedded application to store the attack payload and later use this payload in a security-critical operation on memory. These exploits usually lead to persistent code execution attacks and complete control of the device in practice but are rarely covered in state-of-the-art dynamic testing techniques. To address these stealthy yet harmful threats, we identify a large class of such multi-step memory corruption attacks and define them as higher-order memory corruption vulnerabilities (HOMCVs). We can abstract the detailed multi-step exploit models for these vulnerabilities and expose various attacker-controllable data stores (ACDS) that contribute to memory corruption. Aided by the abstract models, a dynamic data flow tracking (DDFA) based solution is developed to detect data stores that would be transferred to memory and then identify HOMCVs. Our proposed method is validated on an experimental embedded system injected with different variants of higher-order memory corruption vulnerabilities and two real-world embedded devices. We demonstrate that successful detection can be accomplished with an automatic system named Higher-Order Fuzzing Framework (HOFF) which realizes the DDFA-based solution. |
17,820 | Please write an abstract with title: Privacy Protection, Ethics, Robustness and Regulatory Issues in Autonomous Systems, and key words: Privacy, Ethics, Law enforcement, Prototypes, Legislation, Robustness, Regulation. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part One of the most important challenges of the present decade in Autonomous Systems (AS) and CPS is the accommodation of ethics, security and privacy issues related to embedded intelligence. Drones and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) are multipurpose AS with civilian, police and military applications, thus their prototype design includes components that may be built for dual use purposes. Second, AS suffer from different cyber-attack types, and some degree of cybersecurity is required. Moreover, as ASs misuse can be accidental or deliberate, it may lead to safety risks, to security risks of both physical and virtual assets, and potential infringements of privacy. Unfortunately, there is no specific legislation that prescribes the protective measures to misuse avoidance and vulnerability exploitation of ASs. Thankfully, there are some technical measures that should be considered in the design stage, mitigating some of these risks. On the legal perspective, privacy laws have been examined to govern ASs usage. However, these regulations still do not govern issues related to what kind of data can be collected by an AS and what ASs owners can deal with these data. As drones and AVs collect footage data, raise privacy and security concerns, related to flying boundaries, data collected in public and private spaces, stored and disseminated data. An increasing number of studies tackle on privacy and security concerns, on effective use of geofences, designated spaces, as to reinforce privacy for users and security for ASs. Data management and protection of AVs collected data is still at a “nascent stage”, as there are still some unanswered issues: e.g., the distinguish between personal and non-personal data; capability of “re-identification” etc. This lecture overviews all these aspects and prescribes some technical solutions towards risk mitigation. |
17,821 | Please write an abstract with title: An Approximate Model for Event Detection From Twitter Data, and key words: Event detection, Data models, Twitter, Computational modeling, Context modeling, Semantics. Abstract: The abundance and real-time availability of Twitter data have proved beneficial in detecting events in various domains such as emergency situations, crime detection, public health, place recommendations, etc. Nevertheless, two critical challenges occur while detecting events using social media data. First, the uncertainty in capturing the contextual relationship among tweets, which is the result of the limited availability of the contextual information due to the small length of tweets. Second, the high computation cost required in event detection due to massive data processing. Earlier research works, addressing these challenges, have tried to capture the contextual information by using the dense vector representations of texts leveraging deep neural word embedding generation models such as Word2Vec and GloVe. However, these models are trained on the Euclidean vector space which fails to amalgamate the directional information of the vectors with the semantic information in text, incurring high computational costs. To target both the problems simultaneously, we propose modeling Twitter data as a graph-of-sentences which retains the contextual relationships while maintaining lower computational cost. The proposed model captures contextual information using JoSE, a spherical vector representation leveraging the word-word and word-paragraph semantic co-occurrence statistics in a spherical generative model. Furthermore, the framework uses the weighted-graph model to capture all the relationships among the Twitter data efficiently. The graph is further pruned with the help of the graph component filtering approach. The graph clustering model, employed to detect the events, leverages the edge weights and the partial-k clustering approach maintaining low computation costs. The experimentation on the annotated benchmark Twitter data set and the real-world datasets show improved run-time performance up to 30% while maintaining the qualitative performance (F1-score) comparable to the state-of-the-art models. |
17,822 | Please write an abstract with title: Wavelength-dependent modification of silicon by femtosecond pulses, and key words: Surface waves, Numerical analysis, Surface emitting lasers, Lasers and electrooptics, Silicon, Optical pulse generation, Electrooptical waveguides. Abstract: Numerical analysis of non-paraxial sub-µJ ultra-short pulse propagation at 1550–2350 nm up to NA=0.25 shows that longer wavelengths are advantageous to avoid surface damage for low-depth bulk silicon modifications |
17,823 | Please write an abstract with title: A three-stage preconditioner for geometries with multiple holes and handles in integral equation-based electromagnetic simulation of integrated packages, and key words: Integral equations, Geometry, Solid modeling, Packaging, Tree graphs, Frequency, Electromagnetic modeling, Microelectronics, Conductors, Matrix decomposition. Abstract: A novel three-stage approach for preconditioner including loop-tree, basis function rearrangement and incomplete LU is presented. In particular a new technique for construction of loop-tree basis functions for arbitrary-shaped geometries consisting of any number of holes and handles is described. This preconditioner enables fast iterative solution of integral modeling of electromagnetic components in integrated packages. |
17,824 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Switched Reluctance Motor with New Arrangements for Permanent Magnets, and key words: Couplings, Forging, Torque, Production, Switched reluctance motors, Permanent magnet motors, Permanent magnets. Abstract: This paper introduces new arrangement for permanent magnet (PM) displacement in the structure of split-tooth switched reluctance motors (SRMs). In order to enhance the torque characteristics of SRMs, two or three PMs are inserted between the small teeth of the modules, which result in dual-PM SRM (DPMSRM) and triple PM SRM (TPMSRM). First, the motor topologies are introduced and their basics of working are delineated based on the predicted flux flow lines. To evaluate the predictions, the two proposed PMSRMs along with their PMless counterpart are simulated with a finite element analysis (FEA) software, and the results are obtained in terms of flux density distributions, flux linkage, and torque curves. The results indicate that the TPMSRM offers the highest average torque among all motors. Moreover, the DPMSRM produces higher torque than the PMless structure. In addition, not only the PMs enhance the torque production capability, they decrease the saturation level in iron parts, which can reduce core losses. |
17,825 | Please write an abstract with title: New results on the nonexistence of generalized bent functions, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Cryptography, Laboratories, Information security, Mathematics. Abstract: Several new results on the nonexistence of generalized bent functions are proved by using properties of the decomposition law of primes and the class group of imaginary Abelian number fields. |
17,826 | Please write an abstract with title: Gold Nano-Urchins Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) BIOSENSORS for the Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ERα), and key words: Gold, Biosensors, Breast cancer, Electric fields, Biological system modeling, Nanoparticles, Surface plasmons. Abstract: Breast cancer is the deadliest form of cancer in women, but it also has very high survival rates when treated early. Existing breast cancer detection methods such as mammography are ineffective in the early detection of breast cancer due to the low uptake among women and the need for regular screening. Therefore, biosensors have been proposed as an alternative method for cost-effective breast cancer screening which may encourage more women to go for screening more regularly. In this paper, a gold nano-urchins enhanced plasmonic sensor is demonstrated for the detection of a typical breast cancer marker, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The localized field confinement effect due to the sharp features of the nano-urchins amplifies the biosensing signal and improves its sensitivity as compared to a conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. |
17,827 | Please write an abstract with title: Theoretical Solution of the Output Voltage Harmonic Spectra of Dual-Inverter Fed Open-End Winding Loads with Dead Time Effect, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Windings, Inverters, Topology, Mathematical model, Fourier series, Legged locomotion. Abstract: Open-end winding electrical machines with one solid-state converter connected to each end of the stator windings are being considered in recent researches for numerous applications including high-power multilevel converters. Due to the absence of the neutral point, this topology creates a path for zero-sequence current, which affects the operation of the machine, increases the losses in the stator windings and raises the voltage of the shaft, leading to potential problems in the bearings. Although many strategies have been proposed to avoid the application of space vectors that generate common-mode voltage across the windings, zero-sequence current still flows due to nonidealities like voltage drops in the solid-state switches and the dead time applied to avoid DC link shoot-through. This paper presents the use of the double Fourier series adapted to extract symbolically the coefficients of the harmonic spectra of open-end winding loads with dualinverter subjected to dead-time effect. This approach is verified using examples and the predictions are confirmed with the results obtained from Simulink simulations. The influence of dead time in the quality of the synthesized voltage is demonstrated by spectral analysis. |
17,828 | Please write an abstract with title: Frequent Itemsets Mining Algorithm based On Differential Privacy and FP-Tree, and key words: Itemsets, Differential privacy, Privacy, Security, Sensitivity, Heuristic algorithms, Software algorithms. Abstract: Mining algorithm for frequent patterns is applies in many fields. Itemsets may be contain user sensitive information. And attacker with strong knowledge can steal user privacy information by analyzing mined itemsets. So, in this paper, a novel algorithm is designed to obtain K itemsets whose support are more than the other itemsets and guarantee security of user privacy in itemsets. The novel algorithm firstly applies exponential mechanism to truncate original transaction dataset. And then the algorithm constructs FP-tree for truncated dataset, and utilizes Laplace mechanism to obtain noise support of itemsets. Finally, according to noise support, the algorithm can obtain K itemsets whose support are more than the other itemsets. In the end, two public datasets are applied to evaluate utility of the algorithm. The experimental result show that the utility of the algorithm is better than the other frequent itemsets mining based on differential privacy. |
17,829 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Path Planning of a mobile robot adopting a costmap layer approach in ROS2, and key words: Laser radar, Service robots, Navigation, Operating systems, Production, Robot sensing systems, Path planning. Abstract: Mobile robots can highly contribute to achieve the production flexibility envisaged by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, provided that they show an adequate level of autonomy to operate in a typical industrial environment, in which the presence of both static and dynamic obstacles must be managed. Robot Operating System (ROS) is a well known open-source platform for the development of robotic applications, recently updated to the enhanced ROS2 version, including a navigation stack (Nav2) providing most, but not all the capabilities required to a mobile robot operating in an industrial environment. In particular, it does not embed a strategy for dynamic obstacle handling. Aim of this paper is to enhance Nav2 through the development of a Dynamic Obstacle Layer, as a plug and play solution suitable for the integration of the dynamic obstacle information acquired by a generic 2D LiDAR sensor. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is validated through a campaign of simulation tests, carried out in Webots for a TurtleBot3 burger robot, equipped with a RPLIDAR A3 LiDAR sensor. |
17,830 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Fulfillment-Focused Simultaneous Assignment Method for Large-Scale Order Picking Optimization Problem in RMFS, and key words: e-commerce, heuristics, order picking optimization, robotic mobile fulfillment system (RMFS), simultaneous assignment. Abstract: The emergence of a robotic mobile fulfillment system (RMFS) provides an automated solution for e-commerce warehousing to improve productivity and reduce labor costs. This article studies the order picking optimization problem in RMFS, which simultaneously decides the assignment of orders and racks to multiple picking stations. Although this problem has been widely studied in recent years, it is still very challenging for existing methods to solve large-scale instances effectively (e.g., more than 200 orders and 500 racks). To overcome this difficulty to meet the real-world needs, we propose a fulfillment-focused simultaneous assignment (FFSA) method. The proposed FFSA comprises two stages: 1) compression and 2) simultaneous assignment. The compression stage employs a hybrid adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) strategy to establish a reduced set of critical racks that can fulfill the demand of all orders. In the simultaneous assignment stage, we develop a marginal-return-based assignment with candidate strategy (MRACS) to simultaneously assign orders and critical racks to picking stations. MRACS takes into account three fulfillment-focused measurements to depict the product supply relationship between the demand of orders and the inventory on critical racks. These measurements are further integrated into the effective heuristics with sufficient problem-specific knowledge to obtain a high-quality solution. Experimental results show that our method significantly outperforms representative algorithms on both synthetic data and large-scale real-world data. |
17,831 | Please write an abstract with title: Discretizing Whale Optimization Algorithm to Optimize a Long Short-Term Memory, and key words: Algorithms, Neurons, Parallel processing, Motion pictures, Data models, Information and communication technology, Optimization. Abstract: If previous data can influence data, then the data can be said to have sequential properties. Unlike the data that is not sequential, the randomization of sequential data sequences can change the data. A common neural network model generally cannot distinguish a sequential data from the non-sequential ones. Thus, the recurrent model is made specifically for managing data with sequential properties that must be considered by studying the relationship between data with the previous ones. To create a recurrent model, some parameters should be carefully designed. One of them is the architecture of the model. In this paper, discretizing the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), which is performed by determining the hidden layer number of neurons and dropout an architecture, is proposed to optimize the long short-term memory (LSTM). Evaluations on the large movie review dataset show that the proposed discrete WOA is capable of significantly giving an absolute improvement of the LSTM mean accuracy by up to 1.50% (from 91.23% to 92.73%). |
17,832 | Please write an abstract with title: A Detection and Identification Method Based on Machine Vision for Bearing Surface Defects, and key words: Image segmentation, Support vector machine classification, Object segmentation, Iterative algorithms, Classification algorithms, Surface treatment, Testing. Abstract: In view of the disadvantages of manual testing of bearing surface defects in the bearing production process, an automatic detection and identification method of bearing surface defects based on machine vision is proposed. Firstly, the source image is pre-processed by gamma correction algorithm, and the Canny algorithm is improved by adaptive selection of the Canny algorithm based on iterative threshold segmentation method and Ostu algorithm to improve the integrity and precision of the segmentation of bearing surface defects. The experimental results show that the method can be accurately detected of bearing surface defects, and the defect recognition rate has reached 93.33%. |
17,833 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical insulating properties of bamboo-ice composite system at low temperature, and key words: Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Interconnected systems, Temperature, Electric breakdown, Water, Elasticity, Absorption, Cryogenics, Ice, Shape. Abstract: Bamboo is characterized by its excellent elasticity, split property and water absorption property. We consider that bamboo-ice composite system can be used electrical insulating system at cryogenic region. In this paper we will discuss relation between electrical insulating properties of bamboo-ice composite system and the structure of bamboo. Ac breakdown strength of bamboo-ice composite system increases with increasing water content. The vessel in bamboo is a Weak point for electrical breakdown. We consider that ac breakdown strength increases when the vessel is filled with ice. Position and shape of breakdown path is strongly influenced by existence of water. In this paper we will also discuss effect of ion in water on breakdown characteristics of bamboo-ice composite system at low temperature. Bamboo immersed with distilled water shows higher ac breakdown strength than that immersed with tap water does. Ions in water may play some role in ac breakdown process. |
17,834 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation of Resonance Fluorescence in the Telecom C-Band from In(Ga)As Quantum Dots, and key words: C-band, Quantum dots, Europe, Glass, Fluorescence, Optical fiber communication, Telecommunications. Abstract: Many quantum communication schemes require sources of single, indistinguishable and entangled photon pairs with high brightness. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise to meet these requirements offering the additional key advantage of the possibility of shifting the emission wavelength to the telecom C-band (centered around 1550 nm). This wavelength range is especially sought-after for fiber-based applications due to the global absorption minimum in standard glass fibers which maximizes the attainable communication distance. |
17,835 | Please write an abstract with title: Territorial Modeling of the Community in the IT-Sphere on the Example of the HR Brand «U-Money», and key words: Industries, Technological innovation, Conferences, Ecosystems, Buildings, Companies, Consumer electronics. Abstract: The paper analyses how modern public spaces with a good digital infrastructure and professional communities influenced life in a particular area. The idea of community building goes beyond the spaces created for it: nowadays companies can form their own clusters around themselves as part of marketing plans. The growth in the number of companies from the IT industry makes it clear that such innovations can benefit not only employees but also local residents. The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies can develop ecosystems by involving new employees to a particular territory. Online-banking sector was chosen as the study area, because now it is undergoing changes within the digital economy. The authors studied the specifics of HR-branding of the IT companies, how hiring developers in offices in different territories can lead to the formation of local professional ecosystems that affect the appearance of the area and the development of a company's HR-brand. |
17,836 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical treatment of electrostatic contour value problem in heterogeneous media using local differential quadrature method, and key words: Shape, Media, Electric potential, Electrostatics, Permittivity, Boundary conditions, Poisson equations. Abstract: Numerical solutions of an electrostatic contour value problem in heterogeneous media are obtained using local differential quadrature method. In order to do this, multiquadrics functions - a case of radial basis functions - are employed as test functions. Two approaches are studied: in the first one, the shape parameter of the multiquadrics functions is kept fixed and, in the second one, the shape parameter is variable, assuming larger values close to the interface. The solutions yielded by these approaches are compared with the exact solution and it is found that the best results are obtained using variable shape parameters. |
17,837 | Please write an abstract with title: Exciton relaxation and dephasing in quantum-dot amplifiers from room to cryogenic temperature, and key words: Excitons, Quantum dots, Cryogenics, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Temperature sensors, Optical amplifiers, Indium gallium arsenide, Temperature distribution, Four-wave mixing, Spectroscopy. Abstract: We present an extensive experimental study of the exciton relaxation and dephasing in InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) in the temperature range from 10 K to 295 K. The QDs are embedded in the active region of an electrically pumped semiconductor optical amplifier. Ultrafast four-wave mixing and differential transmission spectroscopy on the dot ground-state transition are performed with a sensitive heterodyne detection technique. The importance of the population relaxation dynamics to the dephasing is determined as a function of injection current and temperature. Above 150 K dephasing processes much faster than the population relaxation are present, due to both carrier-phonon scattering and Coulomb interaction with the injected carriers. Only at low temperatures (<30 K) does population relaxation of multiexcitons in the gain regime fully determine the dephasing. |
17,838 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive current control for voltage source inverters considering dead-time effect, and key words: Switches, Current control, Voltage control, Cost function, Voltage source inverters, Switching frequency. Abstract: This paper proposes a new concept of synthesized voltage vector to address dead-time effect issue for Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) technique. For a voltage source inverter (VSI), dead-time is inevitably inserted between the turn off and turn on instants of power devices to avoid short circuit phenomenon. The influence of dead-time leads to output voltage vector error of three-phase inverters. Furthermore, it will result in computing deviation in cost function, and will deteriorate the performance of the system if not properly dealt with. In this paper, the problem is clearly analyzed, and the solution to this issue is proposed by introducing a synthesized voltage vector. The proposed solution is verified by Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test in real time, and results validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. |
17,839 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Guidance-based Differential Evolution with Iterative Feedback Archive Strategy for Multimodal optimization Problems, and key words: Sociology, Statistics, Optimization, Convergence, Research and development, Particle swarm optimization, Indexes. Abstract: Multimodal optimization problems (MMOPs) target to locate multiple global optima simultaneously, which require the algorithms not only can maintain the population diversity to locate the global optima as many as possible, but also can ensure the convergence on each found optimal region to refine the solutions as high accuracy as possible. Aiming to these two goals and to efficiently deal with MMOPs, an adaptive guidance-based differential evolution (AGDE) with archive strategy is proposed in this paper, including three novel components. Firstly, an adaptive mutation strategy (AMS) is introduced, which guides the current individual to move towards the peak that is closest to itself. Secondly, an iterative feedback archive (IFA) strategy is used to store the global optima of the population in every iteration. Thirdly, a Gaussian disturbance-based elite learning (GDEL) strategy is performed on the archive to refine the accuracy of the solutions. The AMS strategy helps to locate more peaks, while the IFA and GDEL strategies help to maintain the found solutions and refine their accuracy. The performance of AGDE is tested on 20 widely used multimodal benchmark functions of CEC'2013. The experimental results of AGDE are competitive with the results obtained by the state-of-the-art multimodal algorithms. |
17,840 | Please write an abstract with title: FBG-Based Triaxial Force Sensor Integrated with an Eccentrically Configured Imaging Probe for Endoluminal Optical Biopsy, and key words: Robot sensing systems, Temperature sensors, Force, Force sensors, Optical fibers. Abstract: Accurate force sensing is important for endoluminal intervention in terms of both safety and lesion targeting. This paper develops an FBG-based force sensor for robotic bronchoscopy by configuring three FBG sensors at the lateral side of a conical substrate. It allows a large and eccentric inner lumen for the interventional instrument, enabling a flexible imaging probe inside to perform optical biopsy. The force sensor is embodied with a laser-profiled continuum robot and thermo drift is fully compensated by three temperature sensors integrated on the circumference surface of the sensor substrate. Different decoupling approaches are investigated, and nonlinear decoupling is adopted based on the cross-validation SVM and a Gaussian kernel function, achieving an accuracy of 10.58 mN, 14.57 mN and 26.32 mN along X, Y and Z axis, respectively. The tissue test is also investigated to further demonstrate the feasibility of the developed triaxial force sensor. |
17,841 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Loop Closure Detection With Instance-Level Inconsistency Removal in Dynamic Industrial Scenes, and key words: Semantics, Feature extraction, Object detection, Visualization, Optimization, Trajectory, Informatics. Abstract: A novel semantic loop closure detection (SLCD) method is proposed in this article for visual simultaneous localization and mapping systems. SLCD aims to relieve the instance-level semantic inconsistency issue that arose from dynamic industrial scenes (e.g., autonomous driving in big cities). As the first step in this direction, SLCD fully exploits both low- and high-level video frame information, in a coarse-to-fine way. In SLCD, we adopt a convolutional neural network based object detection to acquire object information from the consecutive frames. Meanwhile, we perform a bag of visual words based similarity calculation to narrow the frames to coarse loop closure candidates. For these candidates, we perform an object matching on them to find their semantic inconsistency cases and remove involved semantic inconsistencies according to their cases. Then, we recalculate the similarity scores for these candidates. Finally, loop closures are determined by the similarity scores and a geometrical verification. Favorable performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it to other state-of-the-art methods using data from several public datasets and our new Dynamic Scenes dataset. |
17,842 | Please write an abstract with title: Simple Techniques for Designing Passive Power Filter System to Reduced Harmonic Resonance and Improve Power Quality of Electrical Systems with Servo Drive, and key words: Power harmonic filters, Harmonic analysis, Servomotors, Capacitors, Uninterruptible power systems, Power filters, Inductors. Abstract: The proliferation of servo drives (SD) in the industry has led to serious concerns about harmonic resonance and power quality in electrical distribution systems. This paper reported the resonance conditions of electrical systems with motor control using a small servo drive for use in CNC machines. When a large number of servo drives are combined, it results in harmonic resonance occur in the system. Resulting in the destruction of electrical equipment such as power supply, computer, CNC, or servo drive close to each other, etc. The cost of purchasing the above electrical equipment to replace the damaged ones in each month is very high. A simple passive power filter system (PPFs) design is recommended to reduced harmonic resonance. PPFs are applied to the system and the actual installation which is satisfactory and can greatly reduce the damage of electrical equipment. Finally, the factories can save money each month. |
17,843 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrostatic Frequency Tuning of a Quatrefoil Suspension Gyroscope, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Vibrations, Time-frequency analysis, Vacuum systems, Systematics, Vibration measurement, Gyroscopes. Abstract: MEMS gyroscopes based on axisymmetric structures rely on the Coriolis coupling between near-degenerate vibration modes as the basis for the measurement of rotation rate. Significant gains in mechanical sensitivity are achieved when the natural frequencies of the two modes are perfectly matched. This paper outlines a systematic approach to mode-matching for a vacuum packaged MEMS gyroscope with a novel quatrefoil suspension system fabricated on a (100) single-crystal silicon (SCS) substrate. This approach identifies mode orientation, implements mode-to-electrode alignment, and electrostatically varies the effective stiffness of one mode to achieve a mode-matched condition. Axisymmetric ring and disc gyroscopes fabricated on a (100) SCS substrate exhibit degeneracy of the higher-order elliptical modes. However, fabrication imperfections and anchoring arrangements can result in a non-zero frequency split between these modes which can be reduced by electrostatic frequency tuning. Frequency tuning is demonstrated in a prototype MEMS gyroscope where the frequency split between the vibration modes is reduced from 5 Hz to less than 0.01 Hz. |
17,844 | Please write an abstract with title: Analyzing the effect of snow in PV regulator response in a PV solar park, and key words: Regulators, Pollution, Snow, Frequency-domain analysis, Solar energy, Production, Smart grids. Abstract: In the Nordic countries, the snow in the solar panels affects considerably the solar energy production and the detection of its effects can be an issue due to the outdoor climate conditions. Our research aims to develop intelligent control systems for photovoltaic systems that adapts after variable environmental conditions. One of these conditions is the presence of snow or other form of pollution. In this paper, we focus to investigate whether it is possible to detect snow on a solar panel (off-grid) without using additional external sensors as well to investigate how snow affects the efficiency, current and power on a grid-connected solar panel. For this purpose, a set of experiments were proposed and carried out in a PV solar park. |
17,845 | Please write an abstract with title: Defect-GAN: High-Fidelity Defect Synthesis for Automated Defect Inspection, and key words: Training, Conferences, Neural networks, Computer architecture, Inspection, Maintenance engineering, Image restoration. Abstract: Automated defect inspection is critical for effective and efficient maintenance, repair, and operations in advanced manufacturing. On the other hand, automated defect inspection is often constrained by the lack of defect samples, especially when we adopt deep neural networks for this task. This paper presents Defect-GAN, an automated defect synthesis network that generates realistic and diverse defect samples for training accurate and robust defect inspection networks. Defect-GAN learns through defacement and restoration processes, where the defacement generates defects on normal surface images while the restoration removes defects to generate normal images. It employs a novel compositional layer-based architecture for generating realistic defects within various image backgrounds with different textures and appearances. It can also mimic the stochastic variations of defects and offer flexible control over the locations and categories of the generated defects within the image background. Extensive experiments show that Defect-GAN is capable of synthesizing various defects with superior diversity and fidelity. In addition, the synthesized defect samples demonstrate their effectiveness in training better defect inspection networks. |
17,846 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Novelty Detection over Contextual Data Streams at the Edge using One-class Classification, and key words: Support vector machines, Adaptation models, Computational modeling, Atmospheric modeling, Image edge detection, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Online novelty detection is an emerging task in Edge Computing trying to identify novel concepts in contextual data streams which should be incorporated into predictive analytics and inferential models locally executed on edge computing nodes. We introduce an unsupervised adaptive mechanism for online novelty detection over multi-variate data streams at the network edge based on the One-class Support Vector Machine; an instance of One-class Classification paradigm. Due to the proposed adjustable periodic model retraining, our mechanism timely and effectively recognises novelties and resource-efficiently adapts to data streams. Our experimental evaluation and comparative assessment showcase the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed mechanism over real data-streams in identifying novelty conditioned on the necessary model retraining epochs. |
17,847 | Please write an abstract with title: A fuzzy-norm approach for optimal multiobjective single-tuned harmonic filter planning, and key words: Harmonic filters, Delta modulation, Power harmonic filters, Simulated annealing, Total harmonic distortion, Optimization methods, Power system planning, Technology planning, Power system harmonics, Pollution. Abstract: This work presents a fuzzy-norm approach for solving a general multiobjective single-tuned harmonic-filter planning problem by assuming that the decision-maker (DM) has imprecise or fuzzy goals for each of the objective functions. The objectives are total harmonic current distortion at the point of common coupling, total harmonic voltage distortion and harmonic filter investment cost The fuzzy-norm approach is presented for convert a multiobjective optimization problem to a single-objective optimization problem and the single-optimization problem can handle easily by simulated annealing method. A desirable, global optimal solution generated is guaranteed by the solution methodology. Results of application of the proposed method to general multiobjective harmonic filter planning are also presented. |
17,848 | Please write an abstract with title: Subjective assessment of H.264-AVC video for low-bitrate multimedia messaging services, and key words: Automatic voltage control, Encoding, Message service, Quantization, Decoding, Video coding, Psychology, Costs, Video compression, ISO standards. Abstract: In this work we investigate the performance of the H.264/AVC video coding standard for low bit rate mobile multimedia messaging services (MMS). We focus on the appropriate selection of the quantization parameter and the temporal resolution. For this purpose, a psychovisual experiment has been designed. It is revealed that only limited set of parameter values is necessary to span almost the entire range of quality levels. In general quantization parameters of 34 frame rates of 10 fps and bit rates below 64 kbit/s are sufficient to provide good quality. Sports sequences ask for slightly higher frame rate, 15 fps is sufficient. To provide sufficient quality, quantization parameters below 40 and frame rates below 5 fps should definitely not be used. |
17,849 | Please write an abstract with title: A split-crank, servomotor-controlled bicycle ergometer design for studies in human biomechanics, and key words: Bicycles, Humans, Biomechanics, Force measurement, Algorithm design and analysis, Immune system, Biosensors, Mechanical sensors, Electrical resistance measurement, Kinematics. Abstract: This paper presents a novel computer-controlled bicycle ergometer, the TiltCycle, for use in human biomechanics studies of pedaling. The TiltCycle has a tilting (reclining) seat and backboard, a split crank to isolate the left and right loads to the feet of the cyclist, and two belt-driven, computer-controller motors to provide both assistance and resistance loads. Sensors measure the kinematics and force production of the pedaling work performed, as well as goniometer and electromyography signals from the lower limbs. The technical description includes the mechanical design, low-level software and control algorithms designed for studies in human lower-limb biomechanics and bilateral coordination, and concludes with validation testing and system identification results. |
17,850 | Please write an abstract with title: Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Low-cost Paddle-controlled Circuit for Flexible Beam Steering, and key words: Wireless communication, Antenna measurements, Beam steering, Simulation, Dielectric resonator antennas, Dielectric measurement, Dielectrics. Abstract: In this paper, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with paddle-controlled circuit is proposed for flexible beam steering. The dielectric resonator antenna is fed by a monopole and a patch for alternative modes. A sliding paddle is used to control the input phase between two modes to achieve the flexible beam steering over the horizontal plane. The steering beam is tilted to the z-axis with an angle of 45 degrees to achieve indoor coverage. Compared with the traditional beam switching antenna, the proposed DRA is low-cost by avoiding the switching circuit with discrete state. The DRA is fabricated and measured with its center frequency of 2.95 GHz, high gain (5dBi) and high efficiency (86.1%). The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results and will be demonstrated in the conference. The proposed DRA can be applied to the indoor wireless systems with flexible beam Steering requirement. |
17,851 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Mathematical Techniques for the Calculation of the Electrostatic Field in a Dielectric-loaded Waveguide, and key words: Electrostatics, Dielectrics, Electric potential, Springs, Green's function methods, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: The resolution of the Green's function for obtaining the electrostatic potential generated by the charges located in the dielectric layer of a rectangular waveguide requires efficient integration techniques. Due to the characteristics and the oscillatory nature of the function to be integrated, the use of the Filon's method together with a convergence analysis is adequate. However, the application of this numerical integration technique can lead to numerical instabilities in the result. For this reason, in this research work we have presented two different methods to deal with these numerical errors of integration: SSA/MSSA and GPR. In this way it is possible to clean the electrostatic potential avoiding subsequent errors in the calculation of the electrostatic field. |
17,852 | Please write an abstract with title: Mesh termination conditions for the analysis of scattering by dielectric cylinders, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Engine cylinders, Finite difference methods, Magnetic separation, Sparse matrices, Tellurium, Dielectric measurements, Time measurement, Difference equations, Surface waves. Abstract: Recently, a novel method has been proposed by the present authors for the truncation of a finite difference (FD) or finite element (FE) mesh. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of two-dimensional scattering problems by perfectly conducting cylinders and is extended here to scattering problems by dielectric cylinders. Based on the equivalence principle, the scattered field outside of the object surface can be generated by an equivalent electric current and an equivalent magnetic current. Through discretization procedures, discretized boundary conditions for mesh truncation can be derived. Combined with the FD/FE method, two-dimensional scattering problems by dielectric cylinders can be solved rigorously and efficiently. Numerical results presented show the validity of the extended method. |
17,853 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel approach to scatterers localization problem, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Electromagnetic fields, Bandwidth, Frequency, Fourier transforms, Encoding, Information geometry, Data mining, Inverse problems, Singular value decomposition. Abstract: A new approach to find the number and locations of electromagnetic scatterers (sources) from one view, one frequency field data is presented. The case of scatterers (sources) with dimensions comparable to the wavelength is considered. First, in order to devise an effective technique, a new relevant property of the electromagnetic field, the point source spectral content, is introduced and its relationship with both the sliding windowed Fourier transform of the field and the local bandwidth function is discussed. To enlighten its usefulness it is also shown that a footprint of the scattering system encoding information on its geometry can be easily extracted from the scattered field by exploiting this new property. On this basis, the new localization technique is introduced. In order to restrict the search region, the minimum circular envelope enclosing the scatterers is found by purposely introducing a new technique exploiting the effective bandwidth of the radiated field. Then, the number and locations of scatterers is retrieved by using the field local quantitative feature previously introduced, without the complexities of the full inverse problem as it is usually done by the traditional approaches. In this way, not only a simplified technique is obtained but also the ill-posedness of the problem and the noise effects are significantly mitigated. The effectiveness of the proposed technique and its overall performance with respect to a singular value decomposition based approach are proved by means of a numerical analysis. |
17,854 | Please write an abstract with title: Blob Analysis of the Head and Hands: A Method for Deception Detection, and key words: Humans, Skin, Head, Color, Face detection, Biomedical computing, Biomedical imaging, Information management, Image analysis, Information analysis. Abstract: Behavioral indicators of deception and behavioral state are extremely difficult for humans to analyze. Blob analysis, a method for analyzing the movement of the head and hands based on the identification of skin color is presented. This method is validated with numerous skin tones. A proof-of-concept study is presented that uses blob analysis to explore behavioral state identification in the detection of deception. |
17,855 | Please write an abstract with title: Maximum-Entropy Progressive State Aggregation for Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Training, Annealing, Vector quantization, Neural networks, Reinforcement learning, Approximation algorithms, Robustness. Abstract: We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm based on an adaptive state aggregation scheme defined by a progressively growing set of codevectors placed in the joint state-action space according to a maximum-entropy vector quantization scheme. The proposed algorithm constitutes a two-timescale stochastic approximation algorithm with: (a) a fast component that executes a temporal-difference learning algorithm, and (b) a slow component, based on an online deterministic annealing algorithm, that adaptively partitions the state-action space according to a dissimilarity measure that belongs to the family of Bregman divergences. The proposed online deterministic annealing algorithm is a competitive-learning neural network that shows robustness with respect to the initial conditions, requires minimal hyper-parameter tuning, and provides online control over the performance-complexity trade-off. We study the convergence properties of the proposed methodology and quantify its performance in simulated experiments. Finally, we show that the generated codevectors can be used as training samples for sparse and progressively more accurate Gaussian process regression. |
17,856 | Please write an abstract with title: A Virtual Community of Practice for Enhanced Teaching and Convergence to Strengthen Student Learning, Engagement, and Inclusion, and key words: COVID-19, Technological innovation, Pandemics, Conferences, Catalysts, Education, IEEE Fellows. Abstract: With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, faculty are suddenly thrown into a world where they have to teach virtually, forcing them to innovate in their teaching practice without the ability to “chat with their colleagues” next door. Additionally, many faculty do not know how to create an inclusive classroom, which is crucial for students who have also lost their learning community and support structure. Many faculty are afraid to include issues of inclusion and diversity, feeling ill equipped and unsupported. As tensions rise across the US, there is a critical need for engineering students to be able to discuss issues involving inclusion in the classroom as well as apply their abilities as engineers to make a significant impact (both positively or negatively) on inclusion through their applications and innovations. Without the proper support for the faculty to innovate and foster inclusive classrooms, millions of students will suffer in their education. Additionally, without a trusting support group, most engineering faculty would not choose to assume the risk. In response, we developed a community of practice with six teaching fellows who shared, watched, commented on, and emulated each other's classroom recordings. The teaching fellows learned a significant amount from each other, courageously implemented activities focused on inclusion and awareness in their classrooms, observed greater awareness among their students on inclusion issues, and were able to mentor faculty and publish about the data driven best practices that they completed. |
17,857 | Please write an abstract with title: Resilient Abstraction-Based Controller Design, and key words: Control systems, Trajectory, Robustness, Aerospace electronics, Safety, Resilience, Uncertainty. Abstract: We consider the computation of resilient controllers for perturbed non-linear dynamical systems w.r.t. linear-time temporal logic specifications. We address this problem through the paradigm of Abstraction-Based Controller Design (ABCD) where a finite state abstraction of the perturbed system dynamics is constructed and utilized for controller synthesis. In this context, our contribution is twofold: (I) We construct abstractions which model the impact of occasional high disturbance spikes on the system via so called disturbance edges. (II) We show that the application of resilient reactive synthesis techniques to these abstract models results in closed loop systems which are optimally resilient to these occasional high disturbance spikes. We have implemented this resilient ABCD workflow on top of SCOTS and showcase our method through multiple robot planning examples. |
17,858 | Please write an abstract with title: Link state routing in wireless ad-hoc networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Routing protocols, Bandwidth, IP networks, Robustness, H infinity control, Distributed databases, Distributed computing, Computer networks. Abstract: Link state has been the dominating IGP routing technology in IP networks for more than a decade. With the advent of wireless ad-hoc networking, the need for light, efficient and robust routing makes it a good candidate to be also used in this constrained environment. One of the key issue in ad-hoc networking is the lack of bandwidth. Thus, in this paper we examine the overhead due to link state routing in an ad-hoc network. More precisely we study the classic link-state protocol OSPF and OLSR, a link state protocol that was developed specifically for ad-hoc networks. Further, we study how this overhead evolves when the node density increases. The last part of the paper presents directions towards extending OSPF for wireless and ad-hoc networks, which would make it a favorite to seamlessly unify wired and mobile IP networks. |
17,859 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy-Efficient Proactive Scheduling Policies for Finite-Buffer Regular Service Guarantees, and key words: Wireless communication, Upper bound, Search methods, Receivers, Rayleigh channels, Quality of service, Streaming media. Abstract: In this work, we study the energy saving merits of proactive scheduling for downlink multimedia streaming towards a finite-buffer receiver under Rayleigh fading. Three different threshold-based proactive scheduling policies are proposed, each with a different threshold structure on the queue/channel state space. The first two policies consider a single channel gain threshold per queue state, either with a fixed or variable cache amount, whereas the last policy imposes a set of thresholds on the channel gain, fixed on all queue states. We consider a time-causal system in which only the current and previous environment states are known. Required transmit power/signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the proposed policies is analytically derived, and numerically benchmarked against a non-proactive (reactive) transmission upper bound, as well as to a non-causal genie-aided lower bound with fully-observable future channel values. Numerical results show that proactive scheduling could save more than 50% of the transmission energy on average. |
17,860 | Please write an abstract with title: DASK: Driving-Assisted Secret Key Establishment, and key words: Global navigation satellite system, Navigation, Roads, Force, Receivers, Pressing, Network security. Abstract: Low-cost and easily obtained Global Navigation Satellite System (e.g., GPS) receivers are broadly embedded into various devices for providing location information. In this work, we develop a secret key establishment by utilizing the driving data obtained from GPS. Those data may exhibit randomness as the driver may alternatively step on the accelerator and brake pedals from time to time with varying force in order to adapt to the road traffic during driving. A driving vehicle provides a physically secure boundary as the devices co-located within the vehicle can observe common GPS data, as opposed to devices that do not experience the trip. We implement this key establishment in a real-world environment on top of off-the-shelf GPS-equipped devices as well as widely deployed GPS modules each connected with Raspberry Pi. Extensive experimental results show that when a user drives around 1.36 km for 1.32 minutes on average under moderate traffic conditions, two legitimate GPS-equipped devices in the vehicle can successfully establish a 128-bit secret key. Meanwhile, an attacker following the target vehicle is unable to establish a secret key with the legitimate devices. |
17,861 | Please write an abstract with title: Best compromise between tele supply and modulated rate of back scattered signal in RFID system, and key words: Scattering, Radiofrequency identification, Switches, Voltage, Impedance, Smart cards, Transponders, Contacts, Power supplies, Antenna measurements. Abstract: Emerging applications of contact less smart card operating at 13.56 MHz like video transmission and ICAO e-passport need high data rates. This study focuses on the communication from the deported element (batteryless smartcard or transponder) to the reader. In order to limit the cost of the transponders, most of the time, smart cards are batteryless. The chip is connected to an antenna and is supplied by the power coming from the induced voltage of the coupled antennas. Designers have to deal with a compromise between best chip supply and best load modulation. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method to compute the best load to switch for a given power supply. For this supply, the best modulation degree of the back scattered signal will be reached. The theoretical results and the simulation results will be compared to measurements. |
17,862 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Routing for Quantum Key Distribution Networks, and key words: Repeaters, Routing protocols, Routing, Qubit, Quantum key distribution, Quantum entanglement, Computer science. Abstract: As quantum key distribution becomes increasingly practical, questions of how to effectively employ it in large-scale networks and over large distances becomes increasingly important. To that end, in this work, we model the performance of the E91 entanglement based QKD protocol when operating in a network consisting of both quantum repeaters and trusted nodes. We propose a number of routing protocols for this network and compare their performance under different usage scenarios. Through our modeling, we investigate optimal placement and number of trusted nodes versus repeaters depending on device performance (e.g., quality of the repeater's measurement devices). Along the way we discover interesting lessons determining what are the important physical aspects to improve for upcoming quantum networks in order to improve secure communication rates. |
17,863 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Rotor-side Converter Topology of Doubly-fed Wind Turbine Based on H-Bridge, and key words: Reactive power, Rotors, Doubly fed induction generators, Wind power generation, Wind turbines, Topology, Voltage control. Abstract: When the grid fails, the doubly-fed wind power generation system needs to operate without off-grid and provide reactive power support to the grid. The doubly-fed wind power system using traditional rotor-side converters cannot meet this requirement. In order to improve the low voltage ride-through capability of the DFIG system, protect the rotor converter, and quickly provide reactive power support to the grid and help the grid voltage recovery, this paper proposes a new H-bridge-based rotor-side converter for doubly-fed wind turbines Topology, when the grid voltage drops, the ability of the output voltage of the rotor-side converter to be quickly improved, to ensure that the rotor-side converter is always controllable during failures, and to provide reactive power support to the grid. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method. |
17,864 | Please write an abstract with title: Characteristics of 16/spl times/16 micro optical switch, and key words: Optical switches, Optical losses, Insertion loss, Mirrors, Optical crosstalk, Optical mixing, Electrostatic measurements, Electromagnetic measurements, Extraterrestrial measurements, Laser beams. Abstract: We measured the characteristics of free space type 16/spl times/16 micro optical switches. Two types of micro mirrors to switch the laser beam were used. One is electrostatic actuation type and the other is mixing (electromagnetic+electrostatic) type. We could lessen the insertion loss by arranging the lenses in zigzag style which shorten the optical path. We compared the insertion losses of the optical switches with that of in-line type bench which has loss from the optical bench part only. The loss from the bench part was about 2 dB while the total insertion loss was about 5 dB and 12 dB for each mirror type. From this result, the main reason of the insertion loss was known to be from the mirror part. The switching time was about 15 msec. and the crosstalk was less than 50 dB for both types of switches. |
17,865 | Please write an abstract with title: The Current State of Prescriptions and Potential Enhancements Using Blockchain, and key words: Supply chains, Sociology, Computer architecture, Blockchains, Statistics, System analysis and design, Pharmaceuticals. Abstract: E-prescription is an essential need to address fallacies of paper-based prescription. E-prescription system could benefit from blockchain technology immensely. Blockchains' decentralized architecture promotes greater reach and economy of implementation. This paper attempt to understand the potential of blockchain in enhancing e-prescription systems and identify required improvements for a potential e-prescription design. In this paper, the existing issues of the prescription system are identified. A basic understanding of e-prescriptions and blockchain technology with relevant applications is provided. Recent works on blockchain-based e-prescriptions are analysed for identifying the required enhancements needed. A potential e-prescription system design is feasible based on the identified improvements mitigating existing prescription issues. |
17,866 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method of Reducing Speckle Noise in SAR Image Based on Laplacian Pyramid Directional Filter Banks, and key words: Speckle, Noise reduction, Laplace equations, Channel bank filters, Image analysis, Filter bank, Frequency, Synthetic aperture radar, Signal to noise ratio, Image resolution. Abstract: Based on the characteristic of SAR images and speckle noise, combining the direction information with multiple resolution analysis, an idea based on directional filter banks is presented in this paper. Combining with Laplacian pyramid analysis further, a method of reducing speckle noise in SAR image based on Laplacian pyramid directional filter banks is given in the paper. Comparing the results by emulation experiments, the validity of the method in this paper is proved |
17,867 | Please write an abstract with title: Credibility of Browser Extension Program Based on Behavioral Statement, and key words: Computers, Image processing, Conferences, Tools, Information retrieval, Browsers, Internet. Abstract: As users have increasing demand for communication at anytime and anywhere, browser plays an increasingly greater role in the Internet, with browser extension program more widely used. However, problem regarding credibility of browser extension program has also arisen. This paper proposes a method to automatically acquire the behavior and actions of extension program during the browser running phase. In this method, a series of user behaviors will be simulated to maximize the exposure of behaviors and actions by the extension, thus collecting the API calling information of browser extension program as comprehensively as possible. According to the acquired browser extension, API information is called to plot the browser extension behavior diagram. Malicious extension and non-malicious extension behavior diagram are compared to infer the malicious behavior calling sequence, thus declaring the untrusted behavior model. Finally, through experiments, feasibility of this method is verified. |
17,868 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Effect of Data Centering on Spectral Clustering with Cosine Similarity, and key words: Industries, Laplace equations, Data analysis, Computer simulation, Clustering algorithms, Machine learning, History. Abstract: Data clustering, i.e., the process of dividing unlabeled data into meaningful groups, is one of the most fundamental mechanisms of machine learning. Spectral Clustering is an important clustering technique and has a well-established and rich history in various scientific fields since 1980s. In various applications, Squared-Euclidean distance and cosine distance (angular distance) are used in Spectral Clustering both of which provide us with a different aspect of similarity between any two data points. Before applying a Spectral Clustering algorithm, the data can be pre-processed. Among different pre-processing procedures, one of the most common operations is the well-known mean centering. In this paper, we address the effects of a general data-centering procedure onto the spectral features of corresponding Laplacian matrix for the cosine distance case, and we pose a novel optimum data normalization problem from spectral clustering point of view. Computer simulations of some simple examples suggest that data centering with normalization has a good potential to improve the spectral clustering performance. |
17,869 | Please write an abstract with title: The clustering rule based data mining fault diagnosis in internet based Virtual Hospital for power equipment, and key words: Data mining, Fault diagnosis, Internet, Hospitals, Rough sets, Neural networks, Radial basis function networks, Redundancy, Data engineering, Power engineering and energy. Abstract: In internet based Virtual Hospital for power equipment, it is not easy to use the rules of power equipment fault diagnosis from the resources by traditional expert system. Data mining technique opens a new window for the utilization of the abundant and chaotic data in VH. In this paper, the clustering rule and Radial Basis Function Neural Network based data mining fault diagnosis method for power equipment is proposed. Furthermore, using rough sets method to pretreat the input of Neural Network, the training time can be decreased quite more. All these will offer the quite significant reference information for fleetly and drastically excluding the fault. |
17,870 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Extraction and Recognition of Aerial Objects using Echo Signals Received by Radar, and key words: Training, Radar cross-sections, Filtration, Filtering, Aerospace electronics, Feature extraction, Unmanned aerial vehicles. Abstract: The article describes methods for extracting valuable data from echo signals received from natural and artificial aerial objects recognized by mobile radar stations. Options for filtering the signal reflected from air objects, presented in a complex form, are considered. A method for identifying signal features based on radial basis functions is developed. A hybrid model of the classifier for the recognition of unmanned aerial vehicles and ornithological objects is proposed. It includes subsystems for filtering, feature detection based on clustering and approximation functions, as well as the classifier itself. Methods of recognition based on neural networks are considered. To train the classifier was used a library based on the principle of gradient boosting of decision trees. An experimental sample was used to train and test the classifier. |
17,871 | Please write an abstract with title: A Magnetically-controlled 3D-printed Helical Microrobot for Application in Photothermal Treatment of Cancer Cells, and key words: Shape, Lasers, Lithography, Magnetic nanoparticles, Photothermal effects, Three-dimensional printing, Microstructure. Abstract: In this paper, we designed, fabricated, and evaluated a novel magnetically controlled microstructure fabricated using 3D printing with a two-photon lithography system. The printed structure was a helical tube with a length and outer diameter of 180 µm and 90 µm, respectively. The surfaces of the microstructure were then coated with polypodamine (PDA) followed by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) deposition. The addition of MNPs allowed magnetic control of the microstructure by an electromagnetic actuation (EMA) system. Upon reaching the target cells by magnetic control, the microstructure could be irradiated with an external 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser light. Since both PDA and MNPs are responsive to the NIR laser light, the microstructures were heated up to photothermally kill cancer cells, accordingly. The tubular shape of the microstructure also allowed maximal surface area, which better facilitated the photothermal effect. Consequently, the fabricated system suggests a promising platform for the noninvasive treatment of cancer cells. |
17,872 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a hydro-generator stator winding failure, and key words: Legged locomotion, Coils, Visualization, Stator cores, Insulation, Windings, Stator windings. Abstract: When a winding failure occurs in a hydro-generator, an investigation should first be organized to locate and assess the extent of the fault. A visual inspection and electrical tests are used to accomplish this task. The goal is not only to determine what must be repaired to return the generator to service as soon as possible, but also to find the root cause of the failure and collect valuable data for use in winding insulation condition assessment. These two aspects of failure analysis provide important information that complements the information obtained during periodic generator inspections. This paper presents a case study of winding failure on a 51 MVA, 11 kV generator stator. It describes the stator condition assessment carried out to determine the root cause of the failure and obtain additional information on the winding condition assessment, as well as the findings of the visual inspection and details of the dissection and measurement campaign performed prior to returning the repaired generator to service. |
17,873 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of a three-phase oscillator model for the compact representation of synchronous generators, and key words: Oscillators, Synchronous generators, Magnetic separation, Computational modeling, Frequency, Rotors, Signal generators, Analog computers, Computer simulation, Force control. Abstract: A recently suggested three-phase oscillator model system is developed further. The resulted model, although it is relatively simple and merely of a seventh order, represents fairly accurately the features and the dynamic behavior of a regulated synchronous generator (the simulated results on a digital computer are compared to measurements on a 2.2-kVA generator system). The model, in spite of its demonstrated simplicity, embraces a fully three-phase dynamics which includes variations directly at the line frequency. The three-phase oscillator signals represent in the model the components of a rotating magnetomotive force. Magnetomotive forces are regarded as the main variables, since the regulation in an experimental generator system, which is employed for comparison, is achieved by controlling the rotor current via a current source. |
17,874 | Please write an abstract with title: A train control system case study in model-based real time system design, and key words: Control system synthesis, Real time systems, Communication system control, Control systems, Mobile communication, Europe, Data processing, Radio communication, Stochastic processes, Quality of service. Abstract: The future European Train Control System (ETCS) will be based on mobile communication and overcome fixed blocks in order to increase track utilization and interoperability throughout Europe. Data processing on board the train and in radio block centers as well as the radio communication link are crucial factors for the safe and efficient operation. Their real-time behavior under inevitable link failures needs to be modeled and evaluated. The paper presents a first simplified model of communication failure and recover behavior as well as safety-critical data exchange. Performance evaluation of the stochastic Petri net model shows that the official quality of service specifications may lead to a bad utilization. |
17,875 | Please write an abstract with title: Empirical comparisons of several preprocessing methods for illumination insensitive face recognition, and key words: Lighting, Face recognition, Image databases, Image recognition, Image processing, Histograms, Helium, Constraint theory, Performance evaluation, Performance analysis. Abstract: Illumination variation is one of the bottlenecks of face recognition systems. Many approaches to coping with illumination variations have been proposed. They can be categorized into model-based and preprocessing-based. Although the model-based approaches seem better in theory, they commonly introduce more constraints, which make them not practical enough for real applications. On the other hand, the preprocessing approaches commonly exploit simple and efficient image processing techniques. Typical approaches based on image processing include histogram equalization (HE), histogram specification (HS), logarithm transform (Log), gamma intensity correction (GIC), and self-quotient image (SQI). We have performed extensive experiments to analyze and compare these methods empirically by evaluating them on three large-scale face databases: CMU-PIE database, FERET database; CAS-PEAL database. Our experimental results show that HE, HS and GIC can improve recognition performance for images both with and without illumination variation, while Log and SQI may decrease the recognition rate for face images without much illumination variation, though they may facilitate the recognition of face images with illumination variation. |
17,876 | Please write an abstract with title: Repair Method of Key Components of Imported High Precision Machine Tools Based on Remanufacturing Technology and Artificial Intelligence Technology, and key words: Production, Transforms, Maintenance engineering, Machine tools, Task analysis, Intelligent systems. Abstract: In order to restore the dimensional accuracy and performance of machine tools and their parts, and to ensure the continuation of policy research and production tasks, this paper proposes a novel repair method of key components of imported high precision machine tools based on remanufacturing technology and artificial intelligence technology. This research combines the advantages of remanufacturing technology, elaborates the application and types of remanufacturing technology, and analyzes and optimizes the repair process of key parts of imported high precision machine tools based on remanufacturing technology. Based on this, the core purpose of this paper has two aspects, on the one hand, using advanced remanufacturing technology to repair the key parts of imported high precision machine tools, and then improve the accuracy and efficiency of machine tools; on the other hand, to ensure the normal progress of scientific research and production work and the smooth completion of scientific research and production tasks in the author's unit. At the same time, the purpose of these two aspects is also to be able to repair and transform the key parts of imported high precision machine tools in a good and fast manner, improve the performance, quality and accuracy of machine tools, so that China can achieve scientific and technological independence and get rid of dependence on foreign technology. The results show that the research in this paper can repair and transform the key parts of imported high precision machine tools through remanufacturing technology, and improve the accuracy and performance of machine tools. |
17,877 | Please write an abstract with title: Early and Late Fusion of Emojis and Text to Enhance Opinion Mining, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Social networking (online), Feature extraction, Blogs, Task analysis, Computational modeling, Visualization. Abstract: Opinion mining has gained increasing importance to draw insights from social media content to support decision making. Despite the explosive growth of efforts on linguistic analysis to detect and track people's opinions, more specifically when dealing with aspect-level opinion mining, the results are still away from generalization to real-world applications. Nowadays, emojis are getting excessively popular in social media communication as a complementary way to quickly express opinions and ideas in a visual manner. Two emoji-related issues are highlighted: ambiguity and misinterpretation of emojis' sentiment and tendency of persons to adopt emojis more in positive cases. This paper aims at investigating to what extent the usage of emojis can contribute to the automated detection of sentiment polarity of text messages with focus on Twitter posts in the Arabic language, a widely spoken language but has complex morphology and limited reliable resources for sentiment analysis. For this purpose, after an extensive review of the state-of-the-art of emojis-related work, a dataset is composed and several feature extraction methods are applied for both text and emojis modalities. Moreover, various early and late fusion techniques are proposed to combine both modalities at different levels including feature, score, decision and hybrid. The experimental results revealed that emojis features can significantly improve the classification results, especially when integrated with text at the score level. |
17,878 | Please write an abstract with title: AC powered Josephson latch circuits, and key words: Latches, Power supplies, Josephson junctions, Logic circuits, Delay estimation, Computer simulation, Superconducting transmission lines, Propagation delay, Current measurement, Sampling methods. Abstract: The design and experimental verification of a novel Josephson latch circuit are reported. This latch is powered by the same AC power as that used for the latching logic circuits, thus eliminating the additional power supply demanded by other Josephson latch circuits. A SET/RESET latch and a 2-port DATA latch with LSSD capability are reported. WRITE delays of 110 p.s. and 65 p.s., respectively, for the DATA and the SET/RESET modes of operation have been estimated using computer simulations. The data stored in the latch is read out into the SLAVE circuit before the AC power supply waveform completes its polarity transition; thus, the read operation does not contribute any delay to the machine cycle. Experimental latch circuits have been fabricated using a 2.5 /spl mu/m Pb-alloy process. The experimental results are discussed. The experimental latch has been operated at cycle times approaching 1 ns and the risetime of the current transfer in the latch storage loop is measured using on-chip sampling to be about 100 p.s., in good agreement with computer simulations. |
17,879 | Please write an abstract with title: Propagation and Attenuation of Surge Voltages and its consequence for the insulation coordination in Low-Voltage AC Circuits, and key words: Meters, Wiring, Low voltage, Insulation, Power cables, Surge protection, Attenuation. Abstract: In 1983 F. D. Martzloff published a paper "The Propagation and Attenuation of Surge Voltages and Surge Currents in Low-Voltage AC Circuits". The experiment as described in the 1983 paper is experimentally revalidated with a view of its relevance for the insulation level of equipment in low-voltage residential networks. |
17,880 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel speech coder for medium and high bit rate applications using modulo-PCM principles, and key words: Bit rate, Speech coding, Pulse modulation, Delta modulation, Transform coding, Block codes, Speech analysis, Performance evaluation, Phase change materials, Modulation coding. Abstract: A novel speech coder, called MPCM-AQF, is presented. The coder is designed for medium and high bit rate applications. The performance of the coder is evaluated for 26 speech utterances sampled at 8 kHz and compared with the well known ADPCM and DPCM-AQF coder performances. The results clearly show that MPCM-AQF is a relevant speech coding system and is an alternative to the DPCM coders. |
17,881 | Please write an abstract with title: A Local Flatness Based Variational Approach to Retinex, and key words: Lighting, Image color analysis, Computational modeling, Adaptation models, Visualization, Dispersion, Image reconstruction. Abstract: A topic of continued interest in Retinex over the years has been finding ways to implement it with computational models of improved accuracy and efficiency. We have devised a new approach to digitally implementing the Retinex using a local deviation based variational model. The new model leads to improvements in the computed image quality with respect to illumination correction and image enhancement. Several contributions are made: 1) a new prior constraint, which we call local flatness, is proposed, and a new measure of Local Deviation (LD) is developed to quantify the degree of local illumination flatness; 2) a variational problem is defined and the solution is found by a logical sequence of steps; 3) discrete implementation of the variational solution is shown to effectively estimate and remove uneven illumination, yielding an accurate recovered image. Unlike other physical prior based variational Retinex models, which use the L2 norm of the illumination gradient to enforce smoothness of illumination, our LD prior selectively imposes local flatness on illumination by calculating the deviation between the estimated illumination surface to a reference plane. In the experiments, pseudo ground truth images are created by superimposing uneven illumination on real scenes, providing an effective way to objectively assess algorithm performance. The experimental results show that our method can reconstruct more accurate recovered images than other state-of-the-art methods, while maintaining good contrast. |
17,882 | Please write an abstract with title: All-optical switching in a laterally coupled microring resonator by carrier injection, and key words: Optical resonators, Optical waveguides, Resonance, Waveguide transitions, Optical pumping, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Photonic band gap, Optical tuning, Refractive index. Abstract: We demonstrate all-optical switching in a laterally coupled GaAs-AlGaAs microring resonator by carriers injections. The ring waveguide is optically pumped just above its bandgap energy, which results in a temporal tuning of the microring resonant wavelengths by the refractive index change due to the induced carriers. A switching window of 20 ps could be obtained and is only limited by the carrier recombination time. A switching energy of a few tens of picojoules per pulse is used and has resulted in a 1.2-nm wavelength shift of the microring resonance. |
17,883 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing Trade-offs Between Distance and Coverage for Facility Location, and key words: Conferences, Robot sensing systems, Sensor systems, Space exploration, Planning, Multi-robot systems, Information technology. Abstract: When utilizing multi-robot systems or sensors in a sensor network it is necessary to ensure communication between the individual robots or sensors. Problematically, communication methods are often limited in transmission distance and sensors can only measure the environment with some finite range. However, existing methods of dividing space (e.g., Voronoi diagrams) do not take into account the transmission or sensing distance limitations. In this paper we utilize genetic algorithms to divide space in a sensor network or robotic system environment, similar to the facility location problem. We discuss implications for planning travel to optimal locations for a set of communicating robotic systems. |
17,884 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Simulation Approach of Power System with Consideration of Line Galloping, and key words: Wind, Power measurement, Power system simulation, Power system stability, Wind power generation, Numerical simulation, Power grids. Abstract: Strong wind will trigger line galloping, which may threaten the safe operation of power systems and bring mechanical damage to power grid equipment. The simulation framework combining meteorological systems and power systems was constructed. The generation method of wind disaster scenario was proposed to describe the process of strong wind affecting the power grid. The fault scenario was implemented in PSS/E for power system simulation. The method was conducted with the 23-bus model provided by PSS/E, which outputs the meteorological and electrical responses for further analysis. |
17,885 | Please write an abstract with title: Polarimetry based on one transmitting and two receiving polarizations: the /spl pi//4 mode, and key words: Polarimetry, Polarization, Covariance matrix, Image analysis, Image segmentation, Frequency, Costs, Availability, Backscatter, Reconstruction algorithms. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess what can be learnt from polarization duality in reception for a SAR which transmits only one polarization. We focus here on a configuration where the two linear receiving polarizations are oriented at /spl pi//4 of each side of the unique transmitted linear polarization. A procedure to estimate a full polarimetric (fp) information over extended targets from this design (hereafter called the /spl pi//4 mode) is proposed, when the nullity of complex correlation between co- and x-polarized terms is assumed. The behavior of point targets is subsequently considered. The performance assessment (based on SIR-C L band image analysis) relates to the level of information preserved comparatively to fp, but also to the concurrent space segment complexity, in terms of working pulse repetition frequency (PRF), processed swath and down link features. |
17,886 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical Modelling and PID Controller Design for Two DOF Gimbal System, and key words: Vibrations, Torque, Dynamics, Stability analysis, Angular velocity, Steady-state, Mathematical model. Abstract: Nowadays, the high demand application of video and photo captured system is significantly undeniable. However, difficulties come to obtain a good image from a camera that mounted on a moving object due to vibration issues. Therefore, the use of an effective controller is required to eliminate disturbances hence ensuring gimbal stability. This leads the development proposed to two degree of freedom (2-DOF) gimbal system. The 2-DOF gimbal system contains of two stabilization loops referring to elevation and azimuth. The research work is divided into three stages. The nonlinearities effects such as torque, inertia and momentum are considered in mathematical modelling using Newton's law and Euler approach. Then, the PID controllers are design while the impact of the base angular velocity and the base angular motion of the gimbal system are investigated for six scenarios. Overall, superior control performances are resulted by PID controller and it was proved by the minimum overshoot and rise time recorded. |
17,887 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Mode with Enhancing Security Guarantees, and key words: Ciphers, Conferences, Cloud computing security, Authentication, Side-channel attacks, Syntactics, Encryption. Abstract: Under the lightweight setting, the security requirements and the leaking security bits for devices or systems are stricter. This paper focuses on the security of permutation-based lightweight authenticated encryption (LAE) modes, presents a new syntax of LAE, and, on the basis of OPP. proposes an enhanced LAE mode called OPP-plus which supports beyond-birthday-bound (BBB) security and integrity security under the releasing unverified plaintext (INT-RUP). For achieving BBB security, OPP-plus is set up by two-round Even-Mansour ciphers with distinct keys. For ensuring INT-RUP security, the authentication part of OPP-plus utilizes an extra intermediated checksum technique to generate the authentication tag. Then, by using the hybrid argument, we prove that OPP-plus meets our stronger security requirements in the nonce-respecting scenario if the underlying permutation is an ideal random permutation. Finally, we discuss the properties of OPP-plus. OPP-plus is based on a pure-permutation, and supports adaptively block-size and smaller security losses. As OPP-plus does not perform the key expansion algorithm and its parts of combinatorial circuits can be replaced directly by lookup tables, the cost of keys' update is relatively small and the implementation efficiency is relatively high in practice. |
17,888 | Please write an abstract with title: Critical density effects in sub-picosecond laser-ablation of silicon by plasma absorption ion-energy spectroscopy, and key words: Silicon, Laser ablation, Plasma properties, Plasma generation, Semiconductor plasmas. Abstract: Summary form only given. This paper discusses the efficiency of absorption of sub-picosecond laser pulses during the formation of ablation plasma plumes from a silicon solid target. Such plasmas are normally used to fabricate thin films on a heated substrate. Properties of the plasma such as temperature, density energy, and species can affect growth mechanisms and the final film quality. The energy and the associated flux density in ablation plasmas are a function of the percentage of energy extracted from the incoming laser pulse at the target. It is shown in this work that the critical density condition of a plasma initially formed by a single pulse can be subsequently modified by the pumping action of a secondary time-delayed pulse. |
17,889 | Please write an abstract with title: An integrated approach of remote sensing and geophysics for investigating geological structure in the East Vietnam Sea, and key words: Remote sensing, Geophysics, Geology, Gravity, Satellites, Sea surface, Surface topography, Oceans, Finite difference methods, Marine technology. Abstract: The East Vietnam Sea (South China Sea) is a large area with the diversely complicated conditions of geological structure. In spite of over the past many years of investigation, many marine places have remained poorly understood because of a thick seawater layer as well as of the sensitive conflicts among the countries in the region. Fortunately, satellite altimeter technology is allowing the enhancement of marine investigation in any area. The spatial variation of the ocean surface topography can be measured by a very accurate radar altimeter mounted on a satellite. The ocean surface is an equipotential surface of the Earth's gravity field. Therefore it can be converted into marine satellite-derived gravity by using the mathematical model. The detailed satellite-derived gravity anomaly and its variants are essential for understanding geological structure and marine geophysics. They provide a reliable opportunity to geologists and geophysicists for studying the geological features beneath the oceanfloor. Also satellite altimeter data is perfect for planning the more detailed shipboard surveys. The satellite altimeter data is collected by the Geosat, ERS- 1/2 altimeters. The authors emphasize the application of satellite-derived data for investigating of geological structure in the East Vietnam Sea. The satellite data is compared and combined with the shipboard data and has resulted in a significant improvement on its accuracy and resolution. It is constrained by shipboard data using the finite difference, minimum curvature methods. The satellite-derived gravity along with the geophysical advanced methods such as finite difference, gravity gradient, gravity derivative, residual isostatic gravity etc, have brought out an unambiguous picture on the geological structure in the area. Many geological features, such as seafloor spreading ridges, fault systems, volcanic chains, seamounts and shear zones are revealed on the satellite-derived gravity maps as well as on its variants. Especially, it is more meaningful in the remote or sparsely surveyed areas. The achieved results are checked and confirmed by the shipboard and seismic data. |
17,890 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Routing Protocol for Secured Communication in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks, and key words: Routing protocols, Delays, Routing, Cognitive radio, Wireless sensor networks, Reliability, Switches. Abstract: This paper introduces an efficient reactive routing protocol considering the mobility and the reliability of a node in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs). The proposed protocol accommodates the dynamic behavior of the spectrum availability and selects a stable transmission path from a source node to the destination. Outlined as a weighted graph problem, the proposed protocol measures the weight for an edge the measuring the mobility patterns of the nodes and channel availability. Furthermore, the mobility pattern of a node is defined in the proposed routing protocol from the viewpoint of distance, speed, direction, and node's reliability. Besides, the spectrum awareness in the proposed protocol is measured over the number of shared common channels and the channel quality. It is anticipated that the proposed protocol shows efficient routing performance by selecting stable and secured paths from source to destination. Simulation is carried out to assess the performance of the protocol where it is witnessed that the proposed routing protocol outperforms existing ones. |
17,891 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel DPS Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converters to Minimize Current Stress and Improve Transient Response, and key words: Transient response, Power system measurements, Simulation, Power control, Energy conversion, DC-DC power converters, Capacitance. Abstract: Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter are widely used in energy conversion for its attractive features such as reduced weight, high power density and bidirectional energy flow. The traditional control strategy of DAB faces the problems of large current stress, resulting in low efficiency and slow transient response. This paper proposes an optimal control strategy based on dual-phase-shift (DPS) control, which can minimize the current stress of DAB with wide range of input and output voltages by calculating the optimal phase shift angles. In this way, the current stress will be decreased significantly, especially when the system works in light-load state. Meanwhile, to improve transient response, the direct power control strategy is adopted, which takes capacitance current into consideration. Finally, the simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed DPS control strategy. |
17,892 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Network Based on the Fusion of Static and Dynamic Features for Speech Emotion Recognition, and key words: Emotion recognition, Conferences, Speech recognition, Interference, Signal processing, Logic gates, Feature extraction. Abstract: Many studies on automatic speech emotion recognition (SER) have been devoted to extracting meaningful emotional features for generating emotion-relevant representations. However, they generally ignore the complementary learning of static and dynamic features, leading to limited performances. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical network called HNSD that can efficiently integrate the static and dynamic features for SER. Specifically, the proposed HNSD framework consists of three different modules. To capture the discriminative features, an effective encoding module is firstly designed to simultaneously encode both static and dynamic features. By taking the obtained features as inputs, the Gated Multi-features Unit (GMU) is conducted to explicitly determine the emotional intermediate representations for frame-level features fusion, instead of directly fusing these acoustic features. In this way, the learned static and dynamic features can jointly and comprehensively generate the unified feature representations. Benefiting from a well-designed attention mechanism, the last classification module is applied to predict the emotional states at the utterance level. Extensive experiments on the IEMOCAP benchmark dataset demonstrate the superiority of our method in comparison with state-of-the-art baselines. |
17,893 | Please write an abstract with title: Retinal Vessel Segmentation Based on Multidirection Filter, and key words: Image segmentation, Sensitivity, Morphology, Blood vessels, Information filters, Retinal vessels, Task analysis. Abstract: In order to segment retinal vessels with complex morphology and structure, a retinal blood vessel segmentation method based on multi-direction filter is proposed. First, the image is enhanced by morphological top hat transformation and image histogram equalization. Then multi-directional Cake filtering is performed, and the filtered results are fused. Finally, the adaptive vector field divergence method is used to extract the threshold to obtain the final result. We demonstrate this using the task of segmenting blood vessels in fundus images of two standard datasets, DRIVE and STARE. The experimental results show that the proposed method adapts to the complex and changeable characteristics of retinal blood vessel scale information, and it can handle the junction of complex blood vessels with higher sensitivity. |
17,894 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Modeling and Analysis of Natural Language System Requirements, and key words: Ontologies, Semantics, Natural language processing, Analytical models, Syntactics, Embedded systems. Abstract: System requirements specify how a system meets stakeholder needs. They are a partial definition of the system under design in natural language that may be restricted in syntax terms. Any natural language specification inevitably lacks a unique interpretation and includes underspecified terms and inconsistencies. If the requirements are not validated early in the system development cycle and refined, as needed, specification flaws may cause costly cycles of corrections in design, implementation and testing. However, validation should be based on a consistent interpretation with respect to a rigorously defined semantic context of the domain of the system. We propose a specification approach that, while sufficiently expressive, it restricts the requirements definition to terms from an ontology with precisely defined concepts and semantic relationships in the domain of the system under design. This enables a series of semantic analyses, which guide the engineer towards improving the requirement specification as well as eliciting tacit knowledge. The problems addressed are prerequisites to enable the derivation of verifiable specifications, which is of fundamental importance for the design of critical embedded systems. We present the results from a case study of modest size from the space system domain, as well as an evaluation of our approach from the user’s point of view. The requirement types that have been covered demonstrate the applicability of the approach in an industrial context, although the effectiveness of the analysis depends on pre-existing domain ontologies. |
17,895 | Please write an abstract with title: Power Measurement Setup Development for On-Wafer Characterization at 185–191 GHz, and key words: Power measurement, Tuners, Detectors, Loss measurement, Calibration, Power generation, Radio frequency. Abstract: This article presents off-wafer scalar power setup dedicated to load-pull measurement for characterization of on-wafer active devices between 185 and 191 GHz. The system architecture allows us to determine the absorbed input power, the output power delivered to the load, the power added efficiency and the power gain of a device. Preliminary measurements achieved on integrated tuner on silicon proves the potentiality of the test bench: an accuracy of +/- 0.5 dB is obtained from -20 to 8 dBm of injected power at the input plane of the integrated device under test and detections of the reflected and output powers are realized from -25 to 5 dBm and from -35 to 13 dBm respectively. |
17,896 | Please write an abstract with title: Developing innovative web-lecturing technology and online courses at Bradley University, and key words: Information systems, Streaming media, Education, System testing, Computer science, Educational institutions, Art, Software engineering, Portals, Multimedia communication. Abstract: The state-of-the-art InterLabs Web-lecturing tool has been designed, developed, and tested at the Department of Computer Science and Information Systems and the InterLabs Research Institute, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois, U.S.A. as a part of the National Science Foundation grant # 0196015 (2000-2003) [1,2]. It is based on active utilization of innovative Web-based software engineering, portal, multiagent, streaming multimedia, communication, teaching, learning and information technologies. The introductory "Computer Information Systems" CIS 102 course is a required course for students of many major areas in Engineering, Business, Science or Education. The recently developed innovative online CIS102 course was aimed to (1) provide students of various major areas with highest-possible learning convenience, and (2) meet different requirements for the CIS102 course of various Bradley departments. Student formative and summative evaluations and academic performance clearly demonstrate the advantages of the innovative online teaching and learning technologies based on the InterLabs Web-lecturing tool. |
17,897 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis on Operation Characteristics of Ground Distance Protection for the Mixed Voltage Four Circuit Transmission Lines on the Same Tower, and key words: Resistance, Power transmission lines, Poles and towers, Protective relaying, Voltage, Data models, Circuit faults. Abstract: According to the structural feature that the phase to phase coupling of the mixed voltage non transposed four circuit transmission line on the same tower leads to parameter asymmetry, combined with the original data of Shuixiang-Wancheng transmission line, a line simulation model is built by PSCAD. On this basis, the effects of fault location, transition resistance and fault type on the performance of fault component impedance relay, quadrilateral characteristic distance relay and zero sequence reactance relay are analyzed and studied. The above research results can provide reference for the function configuration, setting calculation and engineering application of distance protection for complex lines on the same tower. |
17,898 | Please write an abstract with title: User-Centric Edge Sharing Mechanism in Software-Defined Ultra-Dense Networks, and key words: Resource management, Servers, Delays, Edge computing, Computational modeling, Computer architecture. Abstract: The emerging mobile edge computing (MEC) evolutionarily extends the cloud services to the network edge. In order to efficiently coordinate distributed edge resources, software defined networking (SDN) at the network edge has been explored to realize the integrated management of communication, computation, and cache (3C) resources. However, many research efforts, in software-defined edge networks, are mainly devoted to 1C or 2C resource sharing. Motivated by high service performance and user demands, we propose a user-centric edge resource sharing model for software-defined ultra-dense network (SD-UDN) where multiple MEC servers around small base stations (SBSs) can share their 3C resources through OpenFlow-enabled switches. In particular, the service models of MEC servers and users are formulated to optimize the service process by minimizing the service delay, which is NP-hard. To address this NP-hard issue, a service association model is constructed based on design structure matrix (DSM), and a simulated annealing algorithm is employed to further optimize the service association model for reducing time complexity and offering a near-optimal solution. Compared with traditional 1C or 2C resource sharing, the proposed edge resource sharing model can guarantee lower service delay for users. |
17,899 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability Aware Mechanism to ensure increased Fault Tolerance using Throttle Load Balancer, and key words: Cloud computing, Fault tolerance, Fault tolerant systems, Throughput, Market research, Virtual machining, Task analysis. Abstract: Virtual Machines are created to provide sharable resources to the physical machines with limited resources with the help of Cloud Computing. With the advancement in the technology, the cloud users are increasing rapidly. Even though Cloud resources are infinite but they are not enough to fulfill the increasing demands of the users. This paper proposed the mechanism of handling multiple requests from multiple users to the cloud. It has two parts: in the first part all the VM's are monitored and the optimal VM with sufficient resources to handle the requests is selected and in the second part the tasks are allocated the required resources. It also checks the load on each virtual machine by continuous monitoring and if the load is increased, migration is done to the next VM using the phenomenon of Throttle Load Balancer. This complete system handles the faults even before it is occurred, so it falls under the proactive fault tolerance. The simulation is conducted within Netbeans IDE and Cloudsim 4.0 and evaluation parameters are load balancing degree, throughput and execution cost. |
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