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18,000 | Please write an abstract with title: Model structure simplification of Nonlinear Systems via immersion, and key words: Nonlinear systems, Polynomials, Linear systems, State-space methods, Space technology, State feedback, Sufficient conditions, Mathematical model, Computer science education, Educational technology. Abstract: This paper concerns the simplification of model structures of nonlinear systems while preserving their input-output maps. The basic technique is an immersion of a system, which is a mapping of the initial state from the original system to another system of an identical input-output map. The necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the immersibility of a given system into a state-space representation of such particular structures as rational functions or polynomials with respect to the state. The conditions are so mild that many types of nonlinear systems can be represented by rational or polynomial model structures. Moreover, it is also shown that a polynomial state-space representation can always be constructed to be at most quadratic with respect to the state. |
18,001 | Please write an abstract with title: Data transmission scheduling considering short-term fading for transmit power reduction in CDMA systems, and key words: Data communication, Fading, Multiaccess communication, Interference, Fluctuations, Throughput, Telecommunication traffic, Communication system traffic control, Downlink, Base stations. Abstract: A new data transmission scheduling scheme considering short-term fading conditions in the downlink of code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems is proposed. In this scheduling method, a mobile station (MS) connected to a base station (BS) estimates the fading condition of the next frame based on the received signal power variation and feeds back this information to the corresponding BS. The BS determines the MSs to which it transmits data based on the fading information from the MSs. Analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme saves the transmit power greatly when the speed of an MS is relatively low and the Rician factor is small. The maximum amount of the power reduction is about 9 dB. This reduced transmit power results in the data throughput increase of CDMA systems. |
18,002 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Type-I Censoring Statistical Algorithm for the Reliability Test, and key words: Reliability engineering, Software reliability, Software, Software algorithms, Reliability theory, Mathematical model. Abstract: The Type-I censoring test has the advantage of time control which makes it widely used in the engineering practice. The outputs of the current Type-I censoring statistical algorithm are the total test time and the receiving number of failures. However, the total test time has already been settled by the test profile under many circumstances. Furthermore, the current Type-I censoring statistical algorithm is unable to evaluate the system reliability when the number of failure is zero during the system reliability test. Aiming at the problems above, a new Type-I censoring statistical algorithm was proposed to calculate the number of failures to receive the results of the reliability test considering the fixed total test time. And an evaluation method for zero-failure system reliability evaluation was developed. Then an assistant software was built to implement the algorithm. At last, two practical cases showed the importance of the receiving number of failures which should be calculated in the test design stage before the reliability test begins. And they also proved the new algorithm and the software is effective and feasible. |
18,003 | Please write an abstract with title: Recycling Wasted Energy for Mobile Charging, and key words: Wireless communication, Wireless sensor networks, Schedules, Protocols, Wireless power transfer, Energy efficiency, Hardware. Abstract: The rapid popularization of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology promotes the wide adoption of wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). Traditional methods only focus on how to optimize network performance, and most of them overlook the energy waste issue induced by WPT. In this paper, we explore the potentials of recycling wasted energy when using WPT by means of freeloading. Specifically, with a slight modification on hardware, we expand the functionality of the mobile chargers (MCs), enabling them to harvest and recycle the WPT-induced wasted energy in the air to serve more sensors, which promotes energy efficiency. We model the problem, termed MEFree, as maximizing network energy efficiency by utilizing a limited number of freeloading MCs and scheduling their freeloading behaviors. Through jointly scheduling freeloading and charging tasks, the proposed scheme is able to solve the problem with a (1 − 1/e)/2 approximation ratio with a slightly relaxed budget. Extensive simulations are conducted and corresponding numerical results show that our proposed scheme significantly improves network energy efficiency by at least 18.8% and outperforms baseline algorithms by 19.1% on average in various aspects. Our test-bed experiments further demonstrate the practicability of our scheme in actual scenes. |
18,004 | Please write an abstract with title: A Coding Approach to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Approximate NoCs, and key words: Wires, Delays, Encoding, Capacitance, Couplings, Energy consumption, Power demand. Abstract: In NoC-based multi-core systems, the communication subsystem accounts for a significant fraction of the energy consumption. Traditional NoCs guarantee error-free data transfer at the expenses of limiting the hardware optimization possibilities. However, in various applications, such as multimedia processing and machine learning, inaccurate outputs within an acceptable variance is tolerable. Recently, approximate NOCs have been proposed as a viable solution to exploit the trade off between the energy efficiency with data approximation. In this context, we propose two coding techniques. First, a combined memory-less integer-value encoding is proposed to reduce the integer-value deviation in the body flit of the approximate NOCs; and second, a crosstalk avoidance code (CAC) to guarantees the exact transmission of the head flit. Our technique improves the energy consumption of the approximate NOCs remarkably and does not introduces any performance or area penalty. Experimental results using a 65nm commercial technology asses the advantages of the proposed coding approach versus conventional transmission. proposed coding in real scenarios. |
18,005 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Load Balancing Based on Multi-Objective Extremal optimization, and key words: Load management, Task analysis, Optimization, Search problems, Electronic mail, Process control, Measurement. Abstract: Multi-objective algorithms based on nature-inspired approach of Extremal optimization (EO) used in distributed processor load balancing have been studied in the paper. EO defines task migration aiming at processor load balancing in execution of graph-represented distributed programs. In the multi-objective EO approach, three objectives relevant to distributed processor load balancing are simultaneously controlled: the function dealing with the computational load imbalance in execution of application tasks on processors, the function concerned with the communication between tasks placed on distinct computing nodes and the function related to the task migration number. An important aspect of the proposed multiobjective approach is the method for selecting the best solutions from the Pareto set. Pareto front analysis based on compromise solution approach, lexicographic approach and hybrid approach (lexicographic + numerical threshold) has been performed in dependence on the program graph features, the executive system characteristics and the experimental setting. The algorithms are assessed by simulation experiments with macro data flow graphs of programs run in distributed systems. The experiments have shown that the multi-objective EO approach included into the load balancing algorithms visibly improves the quality of program execution. |
18,006 | Please write an abstract with title: Water Quality Evaluation Through Channel State Information in WiFi Networks, and key words: Support vector machines, Costs, Roads, Water quality, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Radiometry, Storage tanks. Abstract: Checking fresh water quality cannot be done by using our naked eyes. People always use sensors to evaluate water quality. Here in Iraq, people cannot drink tank water which supplied by local water plant systems since it is not pure. In this paper, we implemented a WiFi based sensor to classify pure versus non-pure water. The sensor was built using the ubiquitous WLAN and Intel 5300 NIC with its modified firmware. The sensor uses the extracted Channel State Information (CSI) of the received WiFi signals, along with Machine Learning (ML) approaches in order to perform the classification process. Promising results were obtained, where the observed accuracies reached up to 98.8% in differentiating pure water from tank water. This paves the road for new type of water quality sensors which characterized by lower cost, less effort, and easier to implement. |
18,007 | Please write an abstract with title: Robot Localization in RGB-D Images Using PCA and CNN, and key words: Navigation, Robot kinematics, Urban areas, Tools, Robot localization, Classification algorithms, Mobile robots. Abstract: Human beings have always used the resources at their disposal as tools to help carry out tasks in the most effective, fast and safe way. As technology advances, these tools are being used in increasingly complex machinery capable of performing complicated jobs precisely and often better than a human could have in this paper we aim at performing a robust robot localization by reducing the 3d images into 2d images using PCA algorithm and using CNN for feature extraction and classification of the images. |
18,008 | Please write an abstract with title: The Design of Ladder Networks Containing Lumped and Distributed Elements, and key words: Frequency, Circuits, Impedance, Prototypes, Sufficient conditions, Polynomials, Shunt (electrical), Scattering parameters, Laboratories, Band pass filters. Abstract: A design procedure has been developed to design lumped/distributed ladder networks. The necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial have been obtained and a suitable low-pass to band-pass frequency transformation has been developed. The procedure was then applied to design a microwave filter and the results show good agreement with the theoretical predictions. |
18,009 | Please write an abstract with title: 2002 Achievement Award of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control: Society John A. Kusters, and key words: Awards. Abstract: A short professional biography of Dr. John A. Kusters is presented. Dr. Kusters (S'61-M'63-SM'88) is the 23rd recipient of the IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society Achievement Award. The award was presented at the 2003 International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA exhibition jointly with the 17th European Frequency Time Forum in Tampa, Florida, in May 2003. Dr. John Vig, former president of the UFFC Society, presented the introductory remarks. Dr. Kusters citation reads: "For his valuable and numerous contributions to the understanding and deep insight into the working mechanisms of frequency control devices and his productive work on many Frequency Control and IEEE committees." |
18,010 | Please write an abstract with title: A Bi-directional Charge Equalization Circuit for Series-connected Batteries, and key words: Bidirectional control, Batteries, MOSFET circuits, Diodes, Power MOSFET, Low voltage, Uninterruptible power systems, Load flow, Resists, Digital signal processing. Abstract: For both charging and discharging series-connected batteries, charge equalization is necessary in order not to influence battery cycle life. This paper proposes a bi-directional charge equalization circuit for both charging and discharging series-connected batteries. In addition to balance charging and discharging, this circuit can improve the output voltage regulation to resist the battery voltage reduction when SOC (state of charge) is low. A DSP processor is adopted to perform the control tasks. Experiments were implemented to verify the feasibility of this circuit. |
18,011 | Please write an abstract with title: Channel-Aware Congestion Control in Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems, and key words: Packet loss, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Safety, Standards, Signal to noise ratio, Interference. Abstract: In vehicular cyber-physical systems, cars are connected to create a mobile network called a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to perform various functions, including improved awareness of the surrounding environment. Moving vehicles continually broadcast beacon signals containing information such as position, heading, acceleration, steering angle, vehicle size, and accident notification. However, channel congestion in dense traffic conditions adversely affects network performance. To resolve congestion in VANETs, several works in the literature have studied congestion control. However, they have considered packet loss only as an indication of channel congestion regardless of channel condition. In this paper, we present a channel-aware congestion control algorithm (CACC) that controls the transmission power and data rate. We take into account the received signal strength (RSS) when diagnosing packet loss to determine channel conditions, such as severe fading or channel congestion. In the case of severe fading, we decrease the data rate for a more robust modulation and coding scheme. Additionally, we adjust the transmission power to maintain a desirable packet error rate. Our simulation results show that CACC significantly outperforms other distributed congestion control algorithms by reducing the packet loss rate and increasing the packet delivery ratio. |
18,012 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of the effects of ECH power and pulse length on preionization in the KSTAR Tokamak, and key words: Tokamaks, Superconducting coils, Plasmas, Cyclotrons, Heating, Impurities, Circuits, Electrons, Vacuum breakdown, Breakdown voltage. Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of a study of the preionization effects for the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak (R/sub 0/=1.8 m, a=0.5 m, /spl kappa/=2, /spl delta/=0.8, B/sub T/=3.5 T, I/sub p/=2 MA, T/sub pulse/=300 s) that is under construction by the Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). The preionization will be given by the Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) System with an 84-GHz 500-kW gyrotron tube being made by Communications and Power Industries. The ECH preionization effects are investigated by a 0-dimensional code (TECHP0D) that includes the operational scenarios of KSTAR tokamak. The code is now improved and advanced with carbon, oxygen, and iron impurity effects, and with the self and mutual inductances of seven pairs of superconducting poloidal coils for the KSTAR tokamak. |
18,013 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Application of 220kV Short-Circuit Current Limiting Measures Based on Fast Switch, and key words: Limiting, Vacuum systems, Grounding, Short-circuit currents, Circuit breakers, Elementary particle vacuum, Circuit faults. Abstract: With the continuous development of power grid capacity, the short-circuit current in local areas is too high, which seriously threatens the stable and safe operation of the system. The paper proposes a multi-break series connection high-voltage fast switching type fault current limiter, through the isolation transformer to operate the mechanism and the break isotropic, using "one with two" type electromagnetic repulsion mechanism, eliminating the insulated tie, not only to achieve rapid breaking and closing, but also to solve the fault current limiter using capacitive voltage transformer energy supply when the system is not charged with the problem of breaking and closing. Finally, a 220kV transmission line is selected for engineering application, and a single-phase artificial short-circuit test is conducted to verify the short-circuit current limiting capability of the fast-switching type short-circuit current limiter in the process of single-phase grounding of the line to ensure the feasibility and safety of the line circuit breaker action. |
18,014 | Please write an abstract with title: A Hierarchical Insurance Recommendation Framework Using GraphOLAM Approach, and key words: Insurance, Data mining, Prediction algorithms, Social network services, Data models, Network topology, Topology. Abstract: Graph has been widely used for modeling complex relationship datasets in different application fields. Social networks based recommendation system have obtained satisfactory results in Business Intelligence(BI). However, current personalized recommendation methods based on graph structure generally lack interactivity and seldom consider efficient data management. To address these problems, Graph On-Line Analytical Mining (GraphOLAM) is a promising method, which combines OLAP technology with social networks. We first propose an efficient recommendation framework based on GraphOLAM data cube technology for the recommendation in the insurance service. Based on this framework, a new algorithm framework named RU-GOLAM for insurance is proposed, which combines GraphOLAM dimensional aggregation operation and specific recommendation methods. A series of graphs can be generated by GraphOLAM dimensional aggregation operations, which reflect the relationships of nodes under the constraints of different hierarchical dimensions. Node similarities are calculated to generate the Top-N sequential recommendation based on all of these graphs, which can achieve the balance between the topology of the original graph and high-dimensional information of the nodes. Experiments show that our approach outperforms other baseline algorithms on an insurance service dataset. |
18,015 | Please write an abstract with title: Short pulse response of a circular loop, and key words: Integral equations, Wire, Radar antennas, Electromagnetic scattering, Voltage, Frequency domain analysis, Magnetic domains, Dipole antennas, Reflector antennas, Time domain analysis. Abstract: High-frequency responses of circular ring antennas and scattering structures are presented. The responses were calculated numerically by a time-domain moment method. The low-frequency inductance of a circular ring can be found by using the steady-state current resulting from an applied voltage with a nonzero dc level |
18,016 | Please write an abstract with title: Silver Nanoparticles-based Hydrogel for Potential Antibacterial Applications, and key words: Silver, Nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity, Polymers, Radiation effects, Absorption, Ions. Abstract: Hydrogels loaded with silver nanoparticles are promising materials for biomedical antibacterial application. This work was focused on the synthesis of hydrogel-silver nanocomposites based on Dextran-graft-Polyacrylamide copolymers in non-ionic and anionic form. A photochemical synthesis of colloidal silver particles through Ag seed-mediated growth under the UV solar radiation was carried out. All nanocomposites have revealed an absorption peaks at 420 nm corresponding to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) Plasmon absorbance. However, the character of the absorption bands was dependent on the condition of AgNPs synthesis and chemical nature of polymer hydrogel. The obtained nanocomposites demonstrated high antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. |
18,017 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of Machine Learning Methods for the Survey on HCC Scenario and Prediction Strategy, and key words: Cancer, Liver, Data mining, Classification algorithms, DNA, Tumors. Abstract: Liver Cancer is one of the serious disorders which when not diagnosed on time may lead to death. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is malignant tumor which needs to be treated with priority. HCC is diagnosed generally when it reaches more progressive stage. HCC is diagnosed starting with the clinical trials, laboratory studies, tumor grading, imaging studies depending on the symptoms exhibited by the patient. Medical data contains massive hidden parameters which can be analyzed using machine learning algorithms. The current work focusses on study of various previous studies carried out in prediction of HCC using machine learning techniques like classification, regression and artificial neural networks. |
18,018 | Please write an abstract with title: 1.7-W 50-Gbit/s InP HEMT 4:1 multiplexer IC with a multi-phase clock architecture, and key words: Indium phosphide, HEMTs, Multiplexing, Clocks, Circuits, Energy consumption, Flip-flops, Timing, Gallium arsenide, Master-slave. Abstract: Low-power and high-speed operation of a 4:1 multiplexer IC with a multi-phase clock architecture is reported. The architecture features a toggle-type flip-flop (TFF) that generates a four-phase clock, and a series-gated 4:1 selector (SEL). The fabricated IC using InP HEMTs operates at 50 Gbit/s error-free with 1.71-W power consumption and 1-Vpp output amplitude. The power consumption is less than 1/3 that of a conventional tree-type InP HEMT 4:1 multiplexer IC and is achieved without any reduction of operation speed and output amplitude. |
18,019 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of induction motors and other loads on voltage dips: theory and measurements, and key words: Induction motors, Voltage fluctuations, Electronics packaging, Impedance, Fault currents, Shape, Power quality, Variable speed drives, Power system modeling, Industrial power systems. Abstract: Voltage dips at the terminals of sensitive equipment are often due to faults that occur at a much higher voltage level. Even though the load current is small compared to the fault current, the changes in load current during and after the fault still make that the voltage at the equipment terminals is different from the voltage at the faulted voltage level. This paper discusses the change in the shape and magnitude of the voltage dip during its propagation from the faulted voltage level down to the equipment terminals. Both balanced and unbalanced voltage dips are discussed by presenting theoretical considerations and measurements. A quantitative model is derived for induction-motor load; for other types of load a qualitative analysis is given. Studies of voltage-dip propagation due to symmetrical and non-symmetrical faults can be simplified using symmetrical components and the related dip characteristics "characteristic voltage" and "PN-factor". |
18,020 | Please write an abstract with title: In-Hand Object Pose Tracking via Contact Feedback and GPU-Accelerated Robotic Simulation, and key words: Pose estimation, Robot sensing systems, Physics, Heuristic algorithms, Cost function. Abstract: Tracking the pose of an object while it is being held and manipulated by a robot hand is difficult for vision-based methods due to significant occlusions. Prior works have explored using contact feedback and particle filters to localize in-hand objects. However, they have mostly focused on the static grasp setting and not when the object is in motion, as doing so requires modeling of complex contact dynamics. In this work, we propose using GPU-accelerated parallel robot simulations and derivative-free, sample-based optimizers to track in-hand object poses with contact feedback during manipulation. We use physics simulation as the forward model for robot-object interactions, and the algorithm jointly optimizes for the state and the parameters of the simulations, so they better match with those of the real world. Our method runs in real-time (30Hz) on a single GPU, and it achieves an average point cloud distance error of 6mm in simulation experiments and 13mm in the real-world ones. |
18,021 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Event-Based Non-Fragile Output Pinning Synchronization Control for Complex Networks With Random Saturations and Cyber-Attacks, and key words: Synchronization, Complex networks, Security, Delays, Adaptive systems, Symmetric matrices, Bandwidth. Abstract: This paper addresses the adaptive event-triggered non-fragile output pinning synchronization control for complex networks subject to random saturations and cyber-attacks. An adaptive event-triggered scheme (AETS) based on the output synchronization error is proposed to save network bandwidth, and a pinning control strategy is employed to reduce the input of control signal. Considering the effect of AETS, randomly occurring saturations and cyber-attacks on the drive and response systems, we investigate a novel output security synchronization error model, and then design an event-triggered non-fragile controller such that the asymptotic stability of the error system can be guaranteed. Meanwhile, we obtain the controller gains and event-triggered matrices in terms of solving the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a simulation example is provided to verify the design method. |
18,022 | Please write an abstract with title: Caching and prefetching for Web content distribution, and key words: Prefetching, Web server, Internet, IP networks, Delay, Network servers, Web sites, Telecommunication traffic, Memory management, HTML. Abstract: Proxy caching effectively reduces the network resources that Web services consume, while minimizing user access latencies. Deploying Web caching proxies over the Internet is not easy, however, and presents several cache management challenges. We offer an overview of key management problems for Web proxy caching and prefetching and present state-of-the-art solutions to these problems. Our focus is on the distribution of conventional Web objects, such as HTML pages and images, but we also address issues arising from emerging applications and services, such as streaming media. |
18,023 | Please write an abstract with title: Gaussian Process Imputation of Multiple Financial Series, and key words: Exchange rates, Correlation, Time series analysis, Gaussian processes, Signal processing, Data models, Speech processing. Abstract: In Financial Signal Processing, multiple time series such as financial indicators, stock prices and exchange rates are strongly coupled due to their dependence on the latent state of the market and therefore they are required to be jointly analysed. We focus on learning the relationships among financial time series by modelling them through a multi-output Gaussian process (MOGP) with expressive covariance functions. Learning these market dependencies among financial series is crucial for the imputation and prediction of financial observations. The proposed model is validated experimentally on two real-world financial datasets for which their correlations across channels are analysed. We compare our model against other MOGPs and the independent Gaussian process on real financial data. |
18,024 | Please write an abstract with title: A spatio-temporal radio channel characterization with a 3D ray tracing propagation model in urban environment, and key words: Ray tracing, Wideband, Antennas and propagation, Laboratories, Costs, Azimuth, Doppler shift, Frequency, Silicon carbide, Probability. Abstract: We investigate the spatio-temporal characterization of a radio mobile propagation channel in urban environment. This characterization is based on a 3D ray tracing software developed in our laboratory and on Bello's work. So, for the complex environment studied in the COST 231 project, we evaluate the dispersion and coherence properties of the radio channel and study the probability density functions (pdf) of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) in azimuth and elevation planes. We analyze the obtained results to show the difference existing between our approach and this stemming from statistical models of radio channel. |
18,025 | Please write an abstract with title: Differentiable Branching In Deep Networks for Fast Inference, and key words: Neural networks, Signal processing algorithms, Benchmark testing, Computational efficiency, Task analysis, Speech processing, Image classification. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the design of deep neural networks augmented with multiple auxiliary classifiers departing from the main (backbone) network. These classifiers can be used to perform early-exit from the network at various layers, making them convenient for energy-constrained applications such as IoT, embedded devices, or Fog computing. However, designing an optimized early-exit strategy is a difficult task, generally requiring a large amount of manual fine-tuning. In this paper, we propose a way to jointly optimize this strategy together with the branches, providing an end-to-end trainable algorithm for this emerging class of neural networks. We achieve this by replacing the original output of the branches with a `soft', differentiable approximation. In addition, we also propose a regularization approach to trade-off the computational efficiency of the early-exit strategy with respect to the overall classification accuracy. We evaluate our proposed design approach on a set of image classification benchmarks, showing significant gains in accuracy and inference time. |
18,026 | Please write an abstract with title: Free-Space Optical Fiber Communication System for Rail-Guided Vehicles Using OFDM Modulation, and key words: Optical fibers, Integrated optics, Frequency modulation, Downlink, Optical fiber communication, OFDM modulation, Optical modulation. Abstract: We propose a novel visible light communication system for rail-guided industrial vehicles using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. This system implements two types of optical fibers as downlink/uplink communication lines. The purpose of this system is to realize fast real-time communication with hand-over functionality, introducing carrier modulation. A downlink distance of 100 m and uplink distance of 30 m were achieved at the primary modulation of 16QAM 1/2. In our previously reported system, only single-channel communication could be performed. However, the system demonstrated in this study can be effectively applied to fast mobile communication with multiple channels by introducing OFDM modulation. Moreover, hand-over functionality can be easily realized by this system. |
18,027 | Please write an abstract with title: Notes on mine signalling systems, and key words: Engines, Plugs, Regulation, Vehicles, Wires, Shafts, Safety. Abstract: (Member): Whilst upon the question of mine signalling systems raised by the valuable and interesting paper contributed by Mr. Gould, I should like to bring before your notice and consideration a certain aspect relative to the subject in which I have been interesting myself recently. |
18,028 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling and Application of Probabilistic Electrical Household Loads in Distribution Grid Simulations, and key words: Analytical models, Low voltage, Correlation, Time series analysis, Low-carbon economy, Probabilistic logic, Data models. Abstract: Due to the decarbonization of the energy system, electrical distribution grids will face new challenges in the future, which need to be analyzed in simulation models. To meet the increased requirements on distribution grid simulations, detailed load and generation models are necessary. In this paper, we present a method for the probabilistic bottom-up modeling of household load profiles that makes use of more recent and detailed data than has been done in previous works. This enables an in-depth and up-to-date modeling of resident behavior. We demonstrate that the generated profiles are plausible and meet the statistical average annual energy demands. Furthermore, the simultaneity factor and the correlation of the modeled profiles with standard load profiles are investigated. Finally, we emphasize the impact of probabilistic profiles on asset utilization and node voltages as opposed to the use of standard load profiles and show the advantages of using probabilistic profiles in distribution grid simulations. |
18,029 | Please write an abstract with title: Don't Let Cyber Supply Chain Security Be Your Weakest Link, and key words: Supply chains, Software, Risk management, Hardware, Complexity theory, Technological innovation, Information age. Abstract: In the digital age, supply chain risk due to the significant use of information and operational technology vendors and service contractors has dramatically expanded the threat landscape for all businesses and organizations, making the protection of their reputation and revenue far more complex. Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (C‐SCRM) is challenging for even top security and risk managers not to mention executive teams and boards of directors. This chapter explores C‐SCRM. Today everything from watches to cars to airplanes runs software, and everything that has software‐based functionality can be hacked. Modern approaches to C‐SCRM use software platforms that incorporate automation, AI, and machine learning. Some parts of the supply chain move at cyber speed and experience rapid changes and updates; other parts of the organization manage equipment with life spans measured in decades. Naturally each group requires a different approach to risk and change management. |
18,030 | Please write an abstract with title: ICT Tools in a Signals and Systems Course at the University of Rosario, and key words: Internet, Java, Control engineering education, Laboratories, Automatic control, Signal processing, Communications technology, Delay, Economic forecasting, History. Abstract: In this paper, the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) tools in a course on Signals and Systems at the University of Rosario is described. The course is now in its sixth year. The format of the course as well as the ICT resources employed as a support for the lectures and laboratories are described. The use of these new technologies has proved to increase the level of students’ participation and the students’ satisfaction rate with the course. Some ongoing projects are also presented in this paper. |
18,031 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhancement of Unsupervised Object Detection using Supervised Method, and key words: Computer architecture, Object detection, Task analysis, Microprocessors, Image reconstruction, Training, Object recognition. Abstract: Reasoning in terms of objects is a critical skill for any intelligent agent. To reason in terms of objects, an agent needs a method for discovering and detecting objects in the visual world. This is achieved through unsupervised object detection. Unsupervised object detection involves the identification of a large number of objects within images, without any supervision or labels. This area has received significantly less attention as compared to its supervised counterpart, which has achieved human-level accuracy. In a lot of cases, labeling each object in the image is impractical and requires a lot of labor. While unsupervised techniques are suitable for the task of object localization, the learner cannot identify the classes of the localized objects unless it is explicitly specified. Combining supervised learning techniques with unsupervised learning techniques can improve the performance of existing algorithms for both detection and classification. In this paper, we have studied a state-of-the-art unsupervised object detection approach and extended it for object classification, by combining it with supervised techniques. |
18,032 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Strategies for DAC based Offset Elimination Technique in Resistive Bridge Sensor, and key words: Temperature sensors, Temperature, Power demand, Bridge circuits, Voltage, Sensors, Power dissipation. Abstract: Resistive sensors are beneficial for monitoring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, or different pressure wave-based biological signals. Traditionally, resistive sensors generate significant low-frequency offset voltage due to their resistance variation with external factors. Offset is responsible for performance degradation and increased power dissipation of the whole system. This brief analyzed the ‘developed offset’ in constant voltage and constant current-based excitation. The programmable current generation technique based on a digital to analog converter (DAC) can eliminate the generated offset effectively. Different variations of DAC, related supporting structures are developed in 0.18µm, 1.8 V process and analyzed for their compensation capability based on parameters like area, power consumption, and ease of implementation. The area of the overall system and no. of bits in DAC are improved by 15% and 2-bit, respectively for the proposed architecture w.r.t state-of-the-art design for an equal amount of offset compensation. However, the complexity of the compensating architecture is increased due to an increase in the supporting architecture of DAC. |
18,033 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of MIPS Experiment Platform Based on FPGA Device, and key words: Ports (computers), Performance evaluation, Computer science, Operating systems, Computer architecture, Big Data, Software. Abstract: MIPS architecture shows an important function in computer science knowledge graph. A MIPS experiment platform with FPGA is explained in this article containing MIPS CPU implement, the method of connecting to PC and run programs of MIPS assembly language (with the help of an operating system). Compared to software simulators, the MIPS experiment platform may give MIPS learners intuitive experience of learning how MIPS architecture works. Furthermore, they may design and implement instructions of their own. |
18,034 | Please write an abstract with title: Approach for the Wound Area Measurement with Mobile Devices, and key words: Performance evaluation, Mechatronics, Pandemics, Hospitals, Conferences, Color, Wounds. Abstract: There are various causes related to the appearance of wounds in people that are cause several health problems. Earlier detection and easy monitoring is essential for the correct treatment of this problem. The pandemic time that we live in is causing the people not to go to the hospital to treat the various wounds. This paper performs the revision of the methods for measuring the wound size, but the wounds' color can detect other parameters. This study also proposed a technique for further implementing the detection of wounds with the camera available in off-the-shelf mobile devices. As future work, the method will be implemented to correct wound size in an Android application. |
18,035 | Please write an abstract with title: IDNet-A: Variant of DenseNet with Inception-Family, and key words: Convolution, Training, Feature extraction, Computer vision, Image recognition, Network architecture, Computational modeling. Abstract: A lot of interest in deep learning and advances in computer hardware (especially GPU) has recently led to many studies on network architecture in various fields. With these studies, the technology using machine learning in various fields shows good performance. Especially in the field of computer vision, solutions using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are becoming overwhelming, with much better performance than solutions using image processing algorithms. In image recognition of computer vision, various network architectures using CNNs have been introduced and developed. In reference to previous studies, we introduce IDNet-A in this paper, which combines two impressive and powerful networks (DenseNet and Inceptionfamily). We studied how to increase the size of network to get good performance with increased representational power. We applied the Inception Module concept of Inception-family and Dense Connectivity of DenseNet to IDNet-A to efficiently increase the size of the network at a reasonable cost. As a result, we can train well in deep network architecture. We constructed several models with different hyperparameters and experimented with CIFAR datasets. Finally, IDNet-A, which we introduce in this paper, increases the size of the network by increasing the depth and width appropriately and achieves good performance with fewer parameters compared to other networks. |
18,036 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Separation Method of Partial Discharge Mixed Signal in Switchgear, and key words: Partial discharges, Source separation, Switchgear, Approximation algorithms, Time measurement, Time factors, Particle swarm optimization. Abstract: When the switchgear is running, there may be multiple insulation defects inside it, resulting in mixed PD signals collected by the partial discharge (PD) sensor, which affects the subsequent PD pattern recognition and positioning. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) optimization joint approximate diagonalization (JADE) PD mixed-signal blind source separation algorithm, which optimizes the inertia weight formula of the traditional PSO algorithm to improve the global search of the PSO algorithm. The improved PSO algorithm and the JADE algorithm are combined in the PD mixed signal separation to overcome the shortcoming that the JADE algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimum. Finally, the PD mathematical model of the switchgear is used to construct PD mixed signals with different trigger time differences, and the performance of the algorithm is tested by adding noise of different intensities. The coefficient is significantly higher than other separation algorithms, and the algorithm execution time is shorter, and the accurate signal separation can still be ensured in the case of small trigger time difference and strong noise, indicating that this method can effectively separate mixed PD signals under different working conditions., which provides an important reference for evaluating the operating status of the equipment and arranging the maintenance cycle. |
18,037 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Physical Layer Key Agreement for FlexRay Networks, and key words: Protocols, Physical layer, Cryptography, Peer-to-peer computing, Automotive engineering, Safety. Abstract: The FlexRay protocol provides deterministic and fault-tolerant communication for automotive applications with stringent requirements regarding reliability and real-time performance. But the lack of intrinsic security mechanisms makes FlexRay vulnerable to spoofing and DoS attacks while existing features are not sufficient to assure reliable communication in the presence of adversaries. Since adding cryptography mandates for secret shared keys, providing secure key establishment techniques is critical in assuring the intended security objectives. In this paper we propose a backward compatible key agreement scheme for FlexRay communication based on intrinsic characteristics of the FlexRay physical layer. In particular, we determine that the symbol window is suitable for implementing a covert channel based on physical properties of the bus which allows us to bootstrap a secure session key between two nodes or to re-enforce existing shared keys. We evaluate and discuss the performance of software-based implementations of the proposed mechanism on two different automotive embedded platforms relying only on the application level. |
18,038 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of a Narrow Capacitive Strip in Waveguide, and key words: Strips, Probes, Current distribution, Cutoff frequency, Equations, Fasteners, Waveguide discontinuities, Waveguide theory, Backscatter, Rectangular waveguides. Abstract: A theoretical determination is made for the susceptance of a narrow conducting strip inserted vertically into a waveguide. The theory is based upon a variational form for the susceptance. A suitable current distribution along the strip is obtained for the variational equation, and is found to be similar to that determined from analysis of backscattering by a cylindrical obstacle irradiated from an incident plane wave. Accurate theoretical results may be obtained using a sinusoidal current distribution having a phase constant of /spl pi//2d, where d is the strip depth. Experimental results agree closely with the theory in the dominant-mode range and also at frequencies below cutoff. |
18,039 | Please write an abstract with title: Harvesting Social Media Sentiments for Stock Index Prediction, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Recurrent neural networks, Social networking (online), Blogs, Machine learning, Predictive models, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: Stock index prediction is a complex problem as stock indices movement is influenced by many factors and events possibly affecting the economy. With the increasingly efficient algorithms and techniques in machine learning, there is a renewed interest in the use of machine learning to predict the flow of the stock index. In this paper, technical features of the New York Stock Exchange Composite (NYA) are derived. Content features from carefully curated Twitter accounts are also gathered so as to analyze and explore machine learning techniques to predict the movement of the NYA. Probabilistic model for sentiment features are derived and a simple recurrent neural network (Elman networks) with gated recurrent units was implemented for the prediction model. The results of the study showed that probabilistic sentiment analysis of twitter news applied to a simple recurrent neural network significantly improves the prediction performance. |
18,040 | Please write an abstract with title: A Benchmark for Studying Diabetic Retinopathy: Segmentation, Grading, and Transferability, and key words: Image segmentation, Retinopathy, Transfer learning, Benchmark testing, Diabetes, Lesions, Task analysis. Abstract: People with diabetes are at risk of developing an eye disease called diabetic retinopathy (DR). This disease occurs when high blood glucose levels cause damage to blood vessels in the retina. Computer-aided DR diagnosis has become a promising tool for the early detection and severity grading of DR, due to the great success of deep learning. However, most current DR diagnosis systems do not achieve satisfactory performance or interpretability for ophthalmologists, due to the lack of training data with consistent and fine-grained annotations. To address this problem, we construct a large fine-grained annotated DR dataset containing 2,842 images (FGADR). Specifically, this dataset has 1,842 images with pixel-level DR-related lesion annotations, and 1,000 images with image-level labels graded by six board-certified ophthalmologists with intra-rater consistency. The proposed dataset will enable extensive studies on DR diagnosis. Further, we establish three benchmark tasks for evaluation: 1. DR lesion segmentation; 2. DR grading by joint classification and segmentation; 3. Transfer learning for ocular multi-disease identification. Moreover, a novel inductive transfer learning method is introduced for the third task. Extensive experiments using different state-of-the-art methods are conducted on our FGADR dataset, which can serve as baselines for future research. Our dataset will be released in https://csyizhou.github.io/FGADR/. |
18,041 | Please write an abstract with title: Design Process of Optimal Dead-time for SiC MOSFET-Based Three-Phase Six-Switch Rectifier, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Reactive power, Silicon carbide, Rectifiers, Capacitance, Harmonic analysis, Mathematical models. Abstract: This paper proposed a design process of optimal dead-time for the SiC MOSFET-based three-phase six-switch rectifier. The optimal dead-time is calculated by considering the parasitic capacitances and utilizing the charge concept. Experimental results demonstrate that the input current THD and power factor are improved by optimizing the dead-time. The efficiency is tested as 96.7 % at a 10 kW SiC MOSFET-based three-phase six-switch rectifier. |
18,042 | Please write an abstract with title: Ensemble Learning Based on Soft Voting for Detecting Methamphetamine in Urine, and key words: Forestry, Support vector machines, Vegetation, Task analysis, Adaptive systems, Classification algorithms. Abstract: Recently, as the rapid progress of information and communication technology, robot technology, and artificial intelligence, we have become to build a higher level of safe, comfortable, and smart society coexisting with advanced technology. Methamphetamine addiction has become a major human social problem in the world. Traditional approaches of detecting methamphetamine through hair, skin, urine, and blood fluid are financially inefficient, time-consuming, and in some cases too complicated. Providing reliable and trustworthy detection with the highest precision and accuracy is of a challenging task. This paper proposes ensemble learning using a soft voting approach to improve the accuracy of detection. First, we trained five individual classifiers, namely adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), random forest, multilayer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and support vector machine (SVM) on the same urine dataset. We then created new ensemble learning using the soft voting approach by averaging the probability of individual ANFIS, random forest, MLP, k-NN, and SVM. Firefly algorithm for weight optimization is used to strengthen individual classifiers to form an ensemble and increase the prediction accuracy. Our proposed ensemble produces an accuracy value of 100% compared to the individual classifiers mentioned above. |
18,043 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-Phase Current Injection Method for Single Line-to-Ground Fault Arc-Suppression With Revised STATCOM, and key words: Circuit faults, Automatic voltage control, Distribution networks, Capacitors, Grounding, Fault currents. Abstract: To suppress the arc current in the single line-to-ground (SLG) fault in neutral isolated distribution network, a two-phase current injection method is proposed for the revised static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), as an extra function during the SLG fault. Therefore, the traditional roles of the dedicated passive coil or power electronic based arc-suppression devices can be taken by this multi-purpose STATCOM. This article first introduces the principles and the models of the arc-suppression current injection during SLG fault. Then, different options of arc-suppression current injection by the revised STATCOM are analyzed in terms of stabilizing the floating dc capacitor voltages of the cascaded H-bridges (CHB) converter. It is discovered that the two-phase current injection is the only viable option to maintain the floating dc capacitors voltages. Then, the arc-suppression current controller and the dc capacitors voltages controller are proposed, and the design process of the control parameters adapting to the varying transitional (grounding) resistances computed online is also introduced. The proposed methods are first validated by simulations. Then, an MVA-rating CHB converter prototype is constructed, and 10 kV feeder SLG fault and arc-suppression experiments are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. |
18,044 | Please write an abstract with title: Semiconductor production schedule check and correction technique through mobile agent system, and key words: Production systems, Mobile agents, Processor scheduling, Production facilities, Control systems, Condition monitoring, XML, Real time systems, Computer simulation, Computerized monitoring. Abstract: A novel agent system that can check and correct machine schedules in semiconductor production was proposed The system consists of stationary machine agents that control their machine schedules, mobile agents that move between the machines, machine schedule files described in XML, and a time buffer stage where lots wait to keep the machine schedules. The real-time scheduling system proceeds according to the rules of mobile agent generation, machine scheduling, and machine and mobile agents collaboration. The system was confirmed through the computer simulation, supposing a small-scaled semiconductor production line |
18,045 | Please write an abstract with title: Context-Aware Candidates for Image Cropping, and key words: Convolution, Image processing, Conferences, Manuals, Real-time systems. Abstract: Image cropping aims to enhance the aesthetic quality of a given image by removing unwanted areas. Existing image cropping methods can be divided into two groups: candidate-based and candidate-free methods. For candidate-based methods, dense predefined candidate boxes can indeed cover good boxes, but most candidates with low aesthetic quality may disturb the following judgment and lead to an undesirable result. For candidate-free methods, the cropping box is directly acquired according to certain prior knowledge. However, the effect of only one box is not stable enough due to the subjectivity of image cropping. In order to combine the advantages of the above methods and overcome these shortcomings, we need fewer but more representative candidate boxes. To this end, we propose FCRNet, a fully convolutional regression network, which predicts several context-aware cropping boxes in an ensemble manner as candidates. A multi-task loss is employed to supervise the generation of candidates. Unlike previous candidate-based works, FCRNet outputs a small number of context-aware candidates without any predefined box and the final result is selected from these candidates by an aesthetic evaluation network or even manual selection. Extensive experiments show the superiority of our context-aware candidates based method over the state-of-the-art approaches. |
18,046 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved temporal stability of polymethine laser dyes in aqueous solutions, and key words: Laser stability, Fluorescence, Laser tuning, Solvents, Pump lasers, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Laser noise, Laser excitation, Ethanol, Temperature. Abstract: Polymethine laser dyes which fluoresce in the near infrared in organic solvents generally exhibit poor temporal stability at room temperature. Two typical laser-pumped polymethine dyes in aqueous solutions containing nonionic surfactants are investigated. Temporal stability was improved 20-fold, as compared to organic solutions, with no significant changes in laser-pumping threshold or tuning range. |
18,047 | Please write an abstract with title: C-Wall: Conflict-Resistance in Privacy-Preserving Cloud Storage, and key words: Cloud computing, Access control, Servers, Privacy, Security, Companies, Protocols. Abstract: Following the success of cloud computing, it has been shown its importance to realize various access control models in the cloud storage setting. Chinese Wall is a traditional access control model in business for solving the conflict of interest (CoI) problem, and it would be very interesting to achieve conflict-resistant in cloud storage system. However, the access control model does not ensure the privacy of users, and it may reveal the user's interest, investment tendency, etc. Therefore, it raises a big challenge to implement the Chinese Wall without compromising the user's privacy. In this paper, we focus on the Chinese Wall model and apply it to the cloud storage while protecting the access patterns of users. Specifically, we first formulate the tree-based Chinese Wall access control and then propose the Chinese Wall Protocol (called C-Wall). We prove that our C-Wall not only realizes the conflict-resistant but also protects the user's privacy with universally composable security. Besides, we also apply C-Wall to privacy-preserving cloud storage and propose the C$^{2}$-Wall, which not only maintains C-Wall's features, but also ensures the sensitive files from being touched by “honest-but-curious” cloud servers. Furthermore, we evaluate our C$^{2}$-Wall by theoretical analysis and experimental validation. Experimental results show its effectiveness and efficiency for practical deployment. |
18,048 | Please write an abstract with title: Event/Self-Triggered Approximate Leader-Follower Consensus With Resilience to Byzantine Adversaries, and key words: Monitoring, Upper bound, Task analysis, Sensors, Resilience, Linear systems, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: Distributed event- and self-triggered controllers are developed for approximate leader-follower consensus with robustness to adversarial Byzantine agents for a class of homogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs). A strategy is developed for each agent to detect Byzantine agent behaviors within their neighbor set and then selectively disregard their transmission. Selectively removing Byzantine agents results in time-varying discontinuous changes to the network topology. Nonsmooth dynamics also result from the use of event/self-triggered strategies and triggering condition estimators that enable intermittent communication. Nonsmooth Lyapunov methods are used to prove approximate consensus of the MAS consisting of the remaining cooperative agents. Simulations are included to validate the result and to outline the tradeoff between communication and performance. |
18,049 | Please write an abstract with title: Wide dynamic range rectifier circuit with varactor tuning technique, and key words: Dynamic range, rectifier circuit, varactor. Abstract: This paper proposes and demonstrates a wide dynamic range rectifier with varactor tuning technique. The proposed rectifier employs the tunable device in the input matching circuit, which works to change the impedance matching depending on the input power, resulting in the wide dynamic range operation. The capacity of the varactor as a tuning device changes, as increasing the input power. That adaptively can change the matching circuit to realize the maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency. The proposed prototype rectifier MMIC was fabricated by a commercial O.25μm GaAs pHEMT process and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed circuit configuration. The fabricated rectifier MMIC achieves the maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency of 36% at 4.8GHz and 26dBm input power due to the improvement of the matching condition. |
18,050 | Please write an abstract with title: Genetic Algorithm Application to Feature Selection in sEMG Movement Recognition with Regularized Extreme Learning Machine, and key words: Feature extraction, Genetic algorithms, Databases, Biological cells, Sociology, Statistics, Classification algorithms. Abstract: This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) feature selection strategy for sEMG hand-arm movement prediction. The proposed approach evaluates the best feature set for each channel independently. Regularized Extreme Learning Machine was used for the classification stage. The proposed procedure was tested and analyzed applying Ninapro database 2, exercise B. Eleven time domain and two frequency domain metrics were considered in the feature population, totalizing 156 combined feature/channel. As compared to previous studies, our results are promising - 87.7% accuracy was achieved with an average of 43 combined feature/channel selection. |
18,051 | Please write an abstract with title: DRANet: Disentangling Representation and Adaptation Networks for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Adaptation, and key words: Training, Adaptation models, Image segmentation, Visualization, Semantics, Network architecture, Image representation. Abstract: In this paper, we present DRANet, a network architecture that disentangles image representations and transfers the visual attributes in a latent space for unsupervised cross-domain adaptation. Unlike the existing domain adaptation methods that learn associated features sharing a domain, DRANet preserves the distinctiveness of each domain’s characteristics. Our model encodes individual representations of content (scene structure) and style (artistic appearance) from both source and target images. Then, it adapts the domain by incorporating the transferred style factor into the content factor along with learnable weights specified for each domain. This learning framework allows bi/multi-directional domain adaptation with a single encoder-decoder network and aligns their domain shift. Additionally, we propose a content-adaptive domain transfer module that helps retain scene structure while transferring style. Extensive experiments show our model successfully separates content-style factors and synthesizes visually pleasing domain-transferred images. The proposed method demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on standard digit classification tasks as well as semantic segmentation tasks. |
18,052 | Please write an abstract with title: A systematic design procedure for scalable near-circular Laplacian of Gaussian operators, and key words: Laplace equations, Finite element methods, Image processing, Image edge detection, Gaussian approximation, Piecewise linear techniques, Intelligent systems, Estimation error, Filtering, Process design. Abstract: In low-level image processing tasks, the circularity of an operator has been shown to be an important factor affecting its accuracy as circular differential edge operators are effective in minimising the angular error in the estimation of image gradient direction. We present a general approach to the computation of scalable near-circular low-level Laplacian image processing operators that is based on the finite element method. We use Gaussian basis functions, together with a virtual finite element mesh, to illustrate the design of operators that are scalable to near-circular neighbourhoods through the use of an explicit scale parameter. The general design technique may be applied to a range of operators. Here, we illustrate the approach by discussing the implementation of a Laplacian operator, and we evaluate our approach by presenting comparative results with the Laplacian of Gaussian operators. |
18,053 | Please write an abstract with title: Experiences in Design and Implementation of a High Performance Transport Protocol, and key words: Transport protocols, Bandwidth, Application software, Distributed computing, Optical fiber networks, High performance computing, Automatic control, Delay effects, Internet, Streaming media. Abstract: This paper describes our experiences in the development of the UDP-based Data Transport (UDT) protocol, an application level transport protocol used in distributed data intensive applications. The new protocol is motivated by the emergence of wide area high-speed optical networks, in which TCP is often found to fail to utilize the abundant bandwidth. UDT demonstrates good efficiency and fairness (including RTT fairness and TCP friendliness) characteristics in high performance computing applications where a small number of bulk sources share the abundant bandwidth. It combines both rate and window control and uses bandwidth estimation to determine the control parameters automatically. This paper presents the rationale behind UDT: how UDT integrates these schemes to support high performance data transfer, why these schemes are used, and what the main issues are in the design and implementation of this high performance transport protocol. |
18,054 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Multi-Input, Single-Output, Nonisolated DC/DC Converter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicles, and key words: Legged locomotion, MOSFET, Low voltage, Mechatronics, DC-DC power converters, Supercapacitors, Power markets. Abstract: In the last decade, the multi-input DC-DC converters have been conducted in many kinds of research related to hybrid electric vehicles and fast charging of the electric vehicles as they promising several advantages over the conventional converters such as reducing the power devices, reducing the power conversion stages, and centralizing the control. This paper discusses and analysis a novel modular multi-input nonisolated converter in different operation modes to enhance the energy management of fast-charging station of electric vehicles and analyses the different losses of the converter and its efficiency in different operation modes. |
18,055 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Diagnosis and Treatment of a Newly Put into Operation 220kV Transformer, and key words: Oils, High-voltage techniques, Medium voltage, Oil insulation, Inspection, Insulators, Production facilities. Abstract: In view of the abnormal problem of the insulating oil chromatography data of a newly put into operation 220kV transformer, two methods of insulating oil chromatography test and high-voltage electrical test were used to analyze the fault, and the main transformer fault was located at the position of the bushing joint lead position, determine the main transformer for installation process quality problems to produce magnetic flux leakage, leading to thermal cracking occur insulating oil overheating. According to the inspection results of the disassembly of the transformer returned to the factory, it was determined that the cause of the fault was the wrong assembly of the medium voltage B-phase first-end terminal and the bushing, resulting in local overheating, which confirmed the accuracy of the theoretical and experimental analysis, and effectively avoided the transformer failure caused by the expansion of the transformer. It also provides analysis and handling experience for fault diagnosis and defect handling after abnormal chromatography data of transformer insulating oil. |
18,056 | Please write an abstract with title: An Automatic-Addressing Architecture With Fully Serialized Access in Racetrack Memory for Energy-Efficient CNNs, and key words: Layout, Convolution, Random access memory, Kernel, 1/f noise, Neural networks, Memory management. Abstract: Racetrack memory, an emerging low-power magnetic memory, promises a competitive replacement for traditional memory in the accelerators. However, random access in racetrack memory is time and energy expenditure for CNN accelerators because of its large amount of invalid-shifts. In this article, we propose an automatic-addressing architecture that builds a novel data layout to guarantee that the next round of memory access can be always satisfied at the in-situ or rigorously adjacent cells of current round, producing a fully serialized access footprint that can drive instant port-alignment without any invalid-shifts in racetrack memory. By this way, original address-based access degrades to the selections repeated among the three candidates, i.e., one <i>in-situ</i> cell and two neighbor cells. Based on this simplification, a lightweight access management can generate the sequence of one-out-three selections according to the deterministic access behaviors defined by CNN hyper-parameters. The evaluation shows that, when deploying the five popular CNN applications to our architecture, the physical shifts of racetrack is curtailed by 74.64 percent over legacy layout, which achieves 54.2 and 42.1 percent energy reduction on read and write, respectively. A case study of YOLOv2 indicates that our architecture performs 6.503 GOp/J that achieves $18.5 \times$ improvement to server-level GPUs. |
18,057 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lumped Element Diode Phase Shifter, and key words: Diodes, Phase shifters, Low pass filters, Cutoff frequency, Equivalent circuits, Capacitors, Impedance, Band pass filters, Inductors, Inductance. Abstract: A digital phase shifter utilizing three PIN diodes in a tee configuration is described. The operation is explained in terms of low and high pass filter characteristics. Design expressions for phase change, insertion loss and VSWR as a function of element values are given. Frequency characteristics for 45, 90 and 180 degree units are shown in graphical form. |
18,058 | Please write an abstract with title: Impression creep testing and microstructurally adaptive creep modeling of lead free solder interconnects, and key words: Creep, Testing, Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques, Lead, Soldering, Tin, Stress, Microelectronics, Packaging, Intermetallic. Abstract: Creep plays an important role in the reliability of solder joints under thermo-mechanical fatigue conditions encountered by a microelectronic package during service. In addition, the fine intermetallic precipitates (Ag/sub 3/Sn and/or Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/) in the microstructures of the new lead-free solders (Sn-Ag and Sn-Ag-Cu) can undergo significant in situ strain-enhanced coarsening during TMC, resulting in in-service evolution of the creep behavior of the joints. Since there are significant microstructural/compositional differences between bulk solder samples and tiny microelectronic solder joints, it is critical to develop accurate creep testing methodologies on tiny life-sized solder joints and microstructurally adaptive constitutive creep models for the emerging Pb-free solder alloys. In this paper, we present creep data obtained from tests conducted on individual Sn/sub 4/Ag/sub 0.5/Cu ball grid array (BGA) solder balls attached to a packaging substrate, using a newly developed miniaturized impression creep apparatus, which affords high test throughput with minimal sample preparation. Coarsening of intermetallic particles is demonstrated to influence creep behavior in two ways. At low stresses, the creep rate increases proportionately with precipitate size. At high stresses, precipitate coarsening influences creep response by altering the threshold stress for particle-limited creep. Based on the experimental observations, a microstructurally adaptive creep model, which accounts for the effects of coarsening on the creep response of solder joints, and is capable of adjusting itself as solder joint microstructures evolve during service, is presented, along with experimental determination of the relevant coarsening kinetics parameters. |
18,059 | Please write an abstract with title: A New Technique for Displaying Continuous Tone Images on a Bilevel Display, and key words: Plasma displays, Plasma devices, Plasma materials processing, Telecommunications, Telephony, Head, Optical design, Signal design, Cables, Optical fibers. Abstract: A new technique for the display of continuous tone images on a bilevel graphical output device is described. This technique belongs to the general class of algorithms that convey intensity information by the spatial arrangement of lit and unlit cells which are in a one-to-one correspondence with the picture elements (PEL's) in the original image. Besides the rendition of a gray scale in the processed image, the new algorithm also incorporates edge emphasis to increase the legibility of textual information and other areas of high detail. A simple theory of the algorithm, derived from an intensity distribution function, is given, along with the details of an implementation and results obtained using the new technique. The technique is interesting as it requires a nonzero noise component in the image signal being processed in order to generate a gray scale. |
18,060 | Please write an abstract with title: A Detailed Analytical Model of SiC MOSFETs for Bridge-Leg Configuration by Considering Staged Critical Parameters, and key words: MOSFET, Silicon carbide, Semiconductor device modeling, Analytical models, Integrated circuit modeling, Switches, Mathematical model. Abstract: The high operating voltage and switching speed of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs have significant impacts on parasitic elements. This leads to a limitation in the performance of the devices. Especially in the bridge-leg configuration, the coupling of the parasitic elements, in the upper and lower bridge-legs, produces knock-on effects, which complicates the modeling development to reveal the underlying mechanisms. This paper presents a detailed piecewise linear analytical model for bridge-leg configured SiC MOSFETs, which takes into account their characteristics and all parasitic elements. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the fact that the critical parameters in each stage are distinguished flexibly and emphatically according to their influence weights to the corresponding main variables. Therefore, the complexity of the model which considers all parasitic elements is reduced but the critical impacts on the switching processes are carefully kept. The turn-on and turn-off processes are analyzed stage-by-stage in detail with the derived critical parameters equivalent circuits, and the mechanism underlying how each critical parameter influences the model is revealed individually. Furthermore, based on this model, the impact mechanisms and trends of the switching rate variation, the power loop attenuation oscillation, and the driver loop crosstalk phenomenon for different critical parameters are analyzed emphatically. Double pulse measurements with a 600 V/20A SiC MOSFETs based bridge-leg test circuit are used for the experimental verification of the accuracy of the model and the trends of the critical parameters' impacts. |
18,061 | Please write an abstract with title: A MAC Protocol for Distributed Satellite Network, and key words: Protocols, Unicast, Computer network reliability, Satellite broadcasting, Spread spectrum communication, Media Access Protocol, Throughput. Abstract: This paper proposes a MAC protocol based on distributed micronano satellite network. Analyze the established mathematical model and get the influence of system parameters on network performance. This paper presents an improved protocol which adapts to distributed satellite network composed of nanosatellites. The protocol is compatible with inter-satellite communication and inter-satellite ranging functions. The research has resulted in a solution of MAC protocol for distributed satellite network. |
18,062 | Please write an abstract with title: Fault Tolerant Control in Direct-Drive PMSG Wind Turbine Systems under Open-Circuit Faults, and key words: Fault detection, fault tolerant, permanent magnet synchronous generator, wind turbines. Abstract: Fault tolerant an important role in improving reliability and availability for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbines. The open-circuit (OC) faults in the machine side converter (MSC) interrupt the input AC current, which cause harmonics and DC-link voltage ripple. In this paper, the OC fault of a switch of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in MSC was examined by changing the SVPWM switching pattern. In addition, the technique of fault tolerant was performed without the need for additional hardware and complex calculations. The validity of this paper is verified by MATLAB simulation results. |
18,063 | Please write an abstract with title: Emerging Edge Computing Applications, and key words: Industries, Electric potential, Automation, Computer architecture, Bandwidth, Communications technology, Safety. Abstract: This research paper aims to understand the disruptive impact of edge computing across industries including manufacturing, logistics and retail. Edge computing is a strategic architecture which helps to maximize operational efficiency, improve performance, safety, automation and bandwidth availability. The paper appreciates this potential of edge computing and through key use cases attempts to depict its impact. The explored use cases indicate a strong positive impact of the technology in the near future. Advancement in the network infrastructure, 5G and other emerging technologies have boosted the edge applications and will enable it to fully realize its potential across domains and industries. |
18,064 | Please write an abstract with title: UrbanNet: Leveraging Urban Maps for Long Range 3D Object Detection, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Codes, Roads, Conferences, Object detection, Detectors, Cameras. Abstract: Relying on monocular image data for precise 3D object detection remains an open problem, whose solution has broad implications for cost-sensitive applications such as traffic monitoring. We present UrbanNet, a modular architecture for long range monocular 3D object detection with static cameras. Our proposed system combines commonly available urban maps along with a mature 2D object detector and an efficient 3D object descriptor to accomplish accurate detection at long range even when objects are rotated along any of their three axes. We evaluate UrbanNet on a novel challenging synthetic dataset and highlight the advantages of its design for traffic detection in roads with changing slope, where the flat ground approximation does not hold. Data and code are available at https://github.com/TRAILab/UrbanNet |
18,065 | Please write an abstract with title: The performance of repeaters in UMTS networks, and key words: Repeaters, Intelligent networks, 3G mobile communication, Telecommunication traffic, Radio frequency, Mobile communication, Investments, Attenuation, Wideband, Quality of service. Abstract: Providing full reliable radio coverage within their service areas is a key factor in determining the successful operations of third generation (3G) or further generation mobile communication systems. Thus mobile operators need to build many BS sites to achieve this goal. However, this implementation will definitely increase the total network investment and take much longer in "off-air" time. Furthermore, in some areas where the mobile traffic is low, or areas that experience abnormal attenuation to radio frequency (RF), building new BS sites is not justified. Alternatively, broadband cellular repeaters, which transmit and receive the same RF signal simultaneously, can be used to provide reliable radio coverage in these areas. This paper studies the link level performance of broadband cellular repeaters as components of 3G mobile systems, based on wideband code division multiple access-frequency division duplex (WCDMA-FDD) that focus on uplink. |
18,066 | Please write an abstract with title: Contract-Based Incentive Mechanisms for Honeypot Defense in Advanced Metering Infrastructure, and key words: Contracts, Security, Industrial Internet of Things, Smart grids, Tools, Game theory, Databases. Abstract: Honeypot defense deployment is considered as a promising technology to protect the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), especially Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), threatened by cyber-attacks. AMI defensive effectiveness depends on the honeypot deployment of the small-scale electricity suppliers (SESs) in sharing defense data. However, since the honeypot system is an additional defensive tool deployed by SESs, traditional power retailers (TPRs) cannot confirm in advance that the defense data shared by SES is valid. Therefore, it is necessary to design an incentive mechanism based on the information asymmetry to encourage SES to share defense data honestly. In this paper, we propose a honeypot deployment contract-theoretic model (HDCM) to improve the defensive effectiveness of AMI, where SES will honestly share defense data and the defense cost of TPR will be reduced. We first divide the SESs' contribution into finite types, and model the defense data sharing contract between the TPR and SESs. Then, the contract feasibility of HDCM is derived in necessary and sufficient conditions. At last, we analyze the optimal contract offered by TPR in the continuous case of SESs. Numerical simulations show that the HDCM can incentivize SESs to deploy honeypot and honestly share defense data, and make defensive effectiveness of AMI close to the information symmetry case. |
18,067 | Please write an abstract with title: DiSparse: Disentangled Sparsification for Multitask Model Compression, and key words: Training, Learning systems, Analytical models, Computer vision, Codes, Computational modeling, Computer architecture. Abstract: Despite the popularity of Model Compression and Mul-titask Learning, how to effectively compress a multitask model has been less thoroughly analyzed due to the chal-lenging entanglement of tasks in the parameter space. In this paper, we propose DiSparse, a simple, effective, and first-of-its-kind multitask pruning and sparse training scheme. We consider each task independently by disentangling the importance measurement and take the unani-mous decisions among all tasks when performing parame-ter pruning and selection. Our experimental results demon-strate superior performance on various configurations and settings compared to popular sparse training and pruning methods. Besides the effectiveness in compression, DiS-parse also provides a powerful tool to the multitask learning community. Surprisingly, we even observed better per-formance than some dedicated multitask learning methods in several cases despite the high model sparsity enforced by DiSparse. We analyzed the pruning masks generated with DiSparse and observed strikingly similar sparse net-work architecture identified by each task even before the training starts. We also observe the existence of a “water-shed” layer where the task relatedness sharply drops, implying no benefits in continued parameters sharing. Our code and models will be available at: https://github.com/SHI-Labs/DiSparse-Multitask-Model-Compression. |
18,068 | Please write an abstract with title: Feature Envy Detection with Deep Learning and Snapshot Ensemble, and key words: Deep learning, Measurement, Codes, Correlation, Feature extraction, Natural language processing, Software. Abstract: Code Smell is a code symptom of deep-seated quality problems caused by design defects or improper coding habits in software. It may not directly affect the operation of program, but it affects the readability, understandability and maintainability of code. Therefore, the identification, location and reconstruction of code smell are becoming increasingly significant. Combined with the deep learning methods, based on the existing model for detecting Feature Envy, this paper optimizes it from three aspects: introducing the attention mechanism, expanding and modifying the model structure, and applying the snapshot ensemble. The experimental results show that compared with the standard results, the model proposed in this paper gets a better performance on four evaluation metrics: precision, recall, F1 measure and AUC. Based on the research results of this experiment, we can see the effectiveness of deep learning in the field of code smell detection and the prospect of theories in natural language processing to be utilized in code smell detection, which provides a practical cornerstone for the research of deep learning based smell detection methods in the future. |
18,069 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluating Cryptoanalysis on Low-Exponent Implementation of Rivest-Shamir-Adleman, and key words: Coppersmith, cryptanalysis, Lattice Basis Reduction, LLL, RSA. Abstract: In information security, cryptography plays an important role in disguising information so that it can only be accessed by authorised parties. One of the cryptographic algorithms that is still widely used today is RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). RSA is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm that uses a key pair, public and private keys. The main concept that makes RSA secure is the infeasibility to factorise large numbers. Despite being mathematically secure, implementations of cryptographic algorithms may still create a security hole. This security hole can be caused by several factors, for example, the use of weak keys or weak padding schemes. To find out the strength of an algorithm used in cryptography, of course it is necessary to do a test. This test is done by cryptanalysis. Cryptanalysis is an action to decrypt a message that has been encrypted without permission or without a key. In this research, cryptanalysis is carried out to determine the strength of the RSA algorithm of an existing cryptosystem using the Coppersmith method. The Coppersmith method is a cryptanalysis method using the lattice basis reduction algorithm, namely LLL. Based on the results of the cryptanalysis carried out, the test for the value of e = 3 has a success rate of 25 out of 49 total cases or 51.02%. For the value of e = 5, it has a success of 8 out of 49 or 16.33% of the total cases. The value of e = 7 only has success in 8 of 65 cases or around 12.31% of the total cases. |
18,070 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Filtering Feature Selection Methods for E-Mail Spam Detection by Applying K-NN Classifier, and key words: Human computer interaction, Filtering, Unsolicited e-mail, Text categorization, Euclidean distance, Feature extraction, Robots. Abstract: In the present paper, the application of filtering methods to select features when detecting email spam using the K-NN classifier is examined. The experiments include computation of the accuracy and F-measure of the e-mail texts classification with different methods for feature selection, different number of selected features and two ways to find the distance between dataset examples when executing K-NN classifier - Euclidean distance and cosine similarity. The obtained results are summarized and analyzed. |
18,071 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint International Master in Smart Systems Integrated Solutions, and key words: Industries, Micromechanical devices, Integrated circuits, Employment, Europe, System integration, Medical services. Abstract: The Joint International Master in Smart Systems Integrated Solutions (SSIs) will graduate engineers for the current and future industry of Smart Systems, to serve in all society sectors such as healthcare, environment protection, transport, energy and security. Three universities in three European countries have joined forces to deliver SSIs: Aalto University (Helsinki, Finland), University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), and Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) (Hungary). SSIs uses the complementarity of the three universities, in terms of staff expertise as well as laboratory facilities, thus giving a more holistic approach to Smart Systems than any of the individual universities could give. Smart Systems Integration is covered both as “physical integration” (packaging) and “functional integration” (MEMS and IC co-design, System Level Design). The programme collaborates closely with industry, in particular for guest lectures, company visits, internships and master projects. SSIs builds on the Joint International Master in Smart Systems Integration (SSI), which has been running since 2013 with Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh, Scotland) co-ordinating a consortium including USN and BME. SSIs students lives at least one semester in each of the three host countries. This gives them cross-cultural experience making them very suitable for an international working environment. The performance of the students in the programme is excellent, and the employment rate of graduates is very high. |
18,072 | Please write an abstract with title: A low complexity OMP sparse channel estimation algorithm in OFDM system, and key words: Atomic measurements, OFDM, Computational modeling, Matching pursuit algorithms, Signal processing algorithms, Channel estimation, Sea measurements. Abstract: Channel estimation is the key to underwater acoustic OFDM systems. Considering the sparsity of the underwater acoustic channel, compressed sensing is used for channel estimation. However, many existing algorithms are either too complicated or cannot guarantee the accuracy of reconstruction. Therefore, a fast twice orthogonal matching pursuit (TOMP) channel estimation algorithm is proposed. The orthogonality of some measurement atoms is exploited to eliminate the iteration steps in the first OMP, and the number of measurement atoms is reduced according to the relationship between the different over-sampling factors of the measurement matrix in the second OMP. Compared with the conventional OMP algorithm, TOMP can reduce by about 2/3 computational complexity, and maintain accuracy in the sparse underwater acoustic channel estimation. Both the simulation and the sea experiment in the south China sea results show the feasibility of proposed algorithm. |
18,073 | Please write an abstract with title: Rayleigh flat fading channels' capacity, and key words: Rayleigh channels, Channel capacity, Fading, AWGN, Additive white noise, Network address translation, Delay effects, Upper bound, Bandwidth, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: In this paper, we consider single-user transmission over a Rayleigh flat fading channel, in which the channel state information (CSI) is known by the receiver only. Subject to an average transmit power constraint, we study the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with Rayleigh fading. Under an independently identically distributed fading assumption, lower and upper bounds of the channel capacity are given and proved and they are compared to the capacity results numerically computed. Besides, an approximation result of such channel capacity is proposed, and by conducting numerical comparison it is shown that our suggested approximation result has a better performance in approximating Rayleigh fading channels capacity than the bounds given above. In addition, the channel capacity with outage probability is discussed and compared with different outage probabilities. |
18,074 | Please write an abstract with title: Limiting beam current in gyrotrons due to space charge depression, and key words: Limiting, Gyrotrons, Space charge, Depression, Aircraft, Electron beams, Computer simulation. Abstract: Gyrotrons operating at millimeter wavelengths in megawatt power levels will require electron beam currents of tens of amperes in highly overmoded cavities. The limiting current will be determined by space charge depression, either by modifying the velocity space loss cone to produce mirroring or by causing the Brillouim limit to be exceeded. Our computer simulations have demonstrated that previous estimates of the limiting current are overly pessimistic. Comparative results will be presented. |
18,075 | Please write an abstract with title: Demonstration of SiN-photonic Controlled-NOT Gate using Path-entangled Qubit Pairs from a Si-photonic Quantum Splitter, and key words: Silicon compounds, Qubit, Photonic integrated circuits, Logic gates, Silicon, Optical fiber communication, Photonics. Abstract: We fabricate a silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuit (PIC) to demonstrate a controlled-NOT quantum-logic gate and a silicon PIC generating path-entangled qubit pairs by splitting degenerate photon pairs. We measure 81% fidelity of CNOT using the fully packaged PICs. |
18,076 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear observer design for automatic steering of vehicles, and key words: Vehicles, Observers, Filters, Extraterrestrial measurements, State estimation, Input variables, Riccati equations, Nonlinear systems, Automotive engineering, Feedback. Abstract: This paper studies the observer design for automatic steering. The coupled longitudinal and lateral motion is considered. A nonlinear transformation is used to transfer the system into an affinely nonlinear system. A nonlinear observer is proposed to estimate the yaw rate of vehicle. Simulation results show that the designed observer is effective. |
18,077 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of Instant Social Risk for a Moving Vehicle, and key words: Area measurement, Time measurement, Road safety, Real-time systems, Safety, Delays, Accidents. Abstract: The article presents theoretical approaches to the development of a methodology for instant assessment of social transport risk arising on public roads. The method of determining instantaneous social risk, methods of obtaining and transmitting information necessary for its calculation are considered. The calculation of the instantaneous social risk for a moving vehicle is performed for an instant assessment of road safety. This method can be used both for a comprehensive safety assessment and for creating control algorithms for highly automated vehicles. Thanks to this, it is possible to take actions in advance that will avoid the occurrence of emergencies and accidents. |
18,078 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on Wireless Capsule Endoscopy for Small Intestinal Lesions Detection Based on Deep Learning Target Detection, and key words: Feature extraction, Lesions, Object detection, Intestines, Machine learning, Endoscopes. Abstract: Wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) has been verified in clinical medicine for many years. However, the detection process needs experienced doctors to read the film manually for a long time. In addition, the cost of the endoscope itself leads to a high cost of WCE detection and overall cycle is long. New research method based on deep learning technology with robustness and high accuracy can reduce the detection cost and benefit the public. According to the characteristics of small intestine lesion, a method focuses on labeling and feature detection which can optimize the process by analyzing small intestine WCE image and experimental comparison. Based on the YOLOv3 detection network, retaining the original basic feature of detection network, an improved one is further optimized and effectively verified. Finally, the redundant images are filtered out by comparing the Hash value of images, presenting the final concise detection results for doctors. Starting from image labeling, the design of deep learning network structure for the image of small intestine digestive tract endoscope is studied, which can effectively improve intelligent detection computer-aided clinical application of WCE, with higher accuracy and lower missing detection rate than manual detection. |
18,079 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Social Recommender Systems for Electronic Commerce: A Review, and key words: Computer science, Instruments, Analytic hierarchy process, Social factors, Internet, Browsers, Electronic commerce. Abstract: Electronic commerce, widely known as e-commerce, has been a very promising sector for buying and selling products over the Internet. Primarily, this is of wide-ranging importance due to the huge involvement of all sorts of transactions. Use of recommendation systems (RSs) in aid of e-commerce will not only increase the profit, but also render in the conversion of browsers to buyers and enhance the loyalty of a user. In this paper, we discuss various hybrid social RSs that make use of several social factors. In addition, we use Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument (TKI) test and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to show their efficiency in the RSs. There is always a quest to involve maximum social information to enhance the recommendations about a given product. Therefore, this paper inculcates maximum social factors, namely the distance between the individuals, similarity in the recommendations made, trust and relationships to improve the accuracy of the recommendations. We discuss a proposal on a hybrid social RS, which uses TKI test and AHP. It is observed that there is a huge involvement of intimacy and intensity with respect to trust and relationship in order to make the recommendations. |
18,080 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Modeling of SiC MOSFETs Short-Circuit Behavior Considering Parasitic Parameters, and key words: Voltage measurement, Logic gates, Inductance, Silicon carbide, MOSFET, Oscillators, Switches. Abstract: The superior electrical and thermal characteristics of SiC MOSFETs bring big challenges for its short-circuit reliability. Presently, most of the research on the short-circuit characteristic of SiC MOSFETs are comparison of experimental results and lack of theoretical analysis, because of the intricate parasitic parameters. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the research of the short-circuit behavior, an analytical model of SiC MOSFETs short-circuit behavior is proposed in this paper, considering the stray inductances, the nonlinear parasitic capacitances, and the nonlinear trans-conductance characteristic. The differential equations of the equivalent circuits and the cases of oscillation are derived and solved for each short-circuit stage. The analytic results are verified to be consistent with the LTspice simulation results and the experimental results. Finally, the effects of portion parasitic parameters on the short-circuit process are assessed by the proposed analytical model. |
18,081 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust vehicle tracking fusing radar and vision, and key words: Radar tracking, Robustness, Remotely operated vehicles, Radar detection, Vehicle detection, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Control systems, Road accidents, Road transportation. Abstract: Many driver assistance systems are based on vehicle detection and tracking including adaptive cruise control, collision warning and fully autonomous driving. A large detection range is required, especially while driving at higher speeds on highways. A reliable and precise detection is needed even under adverse weather conditions. In this paper we present a fusion approach combining radar and monocular image processing. The approach enables one to track vehicles up to a distance of 130 m and to assign them reliably to specific lanes. |
18,082 | Please write an abstract with title: Programmable Single Electron Transistor: A modified Macro-model & its Applications, and key words: Logic gates, Single electron transistors, SPICE, Voltage control, Integrated circuit modeling, Resistance, Quantum dots. Abstract: Single Electron Transistor (SET) is the most promising candidate for future performance in nanoelectronic devices because of its two characteristics- low power consumption and small size. SETs have a very controlled transport of single elementary charges through a metallic island and can function as transistor just like a conventional FET. A SET having nonvolatile memory element is the key factor for programmable SET logic. This paper proposes for a modified macro-model of programmable SET and presents analysis of its programmability. In the modified macro-model, the I-V characteristics is improved by using a voltage controlled current source between drain and source nodes which is controlled by the gate to source voltage. The nonvolatile memory node is realized by using an additional gate. Different types of logic gates are constructed using this modified macro-model of programmable single electron transistors which works just like MOSFETs. But the advantage here is that only one electron is allowed to pass through the junctions at a time and so it takes low power to operate them than the conventional MOSFETs. How programmable SET can be obtained from a conventional SET is shown in this work. So this newly built macro-model has programmability. |
18,083 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating data from heterogeneous wireless sensor networks based on LoraWan and ZigBee sensor nodes, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Cloud computing, Urban areas, Distributed databases, Zigbee, Network architecture, Servers. Abstract: This paper proposes an extensible and flexible 4 layer network architecture for integrating data from heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with the open and private cloud structures. The proposed architecture has a number of advantages over the existing network architectures for WSN: integration of data from heterogeneous sensor nodes and providing a mechanism for their transmission to network cloud services; the ability to create geographically distributed WSNs over long distances covering different remote areas - cities, countries and continents. |
18,084 | Please write an abstract with title: Charge storage diode for magnetic memory application, and key words: Diodes, Magnetic memory, Read-write memory, Voltage, Circuits, Switches, Telephony, Laboratories, Capacitance, Equations. Abstract: CHARGE STROAGE DIODES are a class of diodes utilizing controlled minority carrier stroage1. Such a diode has been developed for use as a transient bidirectional current steering element in sub-microsecond magnetic memory access circuits2. |
18,085 | Please write an abstract with title: Accelerate Federated Learning of Big Data Analysis Through Distillation and Coupled Gradient Methods, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Gradient methods, Costs, Federated learning, Computational modeling, Neural networks. Abstract: Aiming at the problem that the training time of federated learning (FL) deep neural network is very long or not feasible, this paper presents an efficient federated learning and training framework. The framework consists of two parts: distillation and coupled gradient algorithm, which can reduce the computational cost, speed up the training process of federated learning and save computational resources. Simulation experiments were carried out using an open data set(mnist), and the results show that the framework can guarantee the learning performance and control the training cost well. |
18,086 | Please write an abstract with title: A Monte Carlo method for statistical derivatives of arbitrary spectra, and key words: Random processes, Distribution functions, Time domain analysis, Sea measurements, White noise, Oceans, Mechanical engineering, Probability distribution, Mechanical factors, Bandwidth. Abstract: The usual method of obtaining statistical derivatives such as significant heights, average periods etc., from sea or response spectra is to assume a particular probability distribution function and then calculate the derivatives from the properties of the assumed distribution. A method of generating time-domain records that satisfy a target spectra density and then calculating the statistical derivatives directly from these records is presented in this paper. |
18,087 | Please write an abstract with title: On the nonlocal computational modelling of damage in brittle and quasi-brittle materials, and key words: Computers, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Buildings, Mathematical model, Steel, Softening. Abstract: Computational prediction of progressive micro-cracking, observed namely in brittle and quasi-brittle materials, resulting in their softening behaviour, needs some regularization approach. Its social relevance increases with the massive application of steel fibre-reinforced concrete and similar composites in buildings and engineering structures. However, most approaches contain ad hoc computational procedures and tricks, without a proper mathematical existence and convergence analysis for the time development of damage. This paper demonstrates the possibility of such analysis, at least for a simplified model problem of structural dynamics, with numerous references to available generalizations and some application examples. |
18,088 | Please write an abstract with title: The effect of material age on electrical tree growth in mechanically prestressed fibre-reinforced composite insulations, and key words: Composite materials, Trees - insulation, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Optical fiber testing, Residual stresses, Epoxy resins, Manufacturing, Materials testing, Raman scattering, Spectroscopy. Abstract: Electrical tree growth has been investigated in free-from fibre and mechanically pre-stressed fibre-reinforced Araldite 5052 epoxy resin samples as a function of material age (defined as the time between manufacture and testing of pin-plane samples). Raman Spectroscopy has systematically assessed the tensile residual stress remaining in the cast-in fibres and by inference the compressive stress in the matrix. It has been found that the mechanical prestressing of electrical insulation, achieved by the casting in of fibres in tension into epoxy resin, could remain in the matrix but change with the sample age as a consequence of the absorption of water from the air. The mechanical pre-stressing does not only increase the tree growth times to failure but, most significantly there is a systematic increase in the tree growth times to failure due to the increase of tensile residual stress remaining in the cast-in fibres, as the sample age is increased. Based on the experimental data, a direct relationship between Raman band shift as well as residual stress of the mechanically pre-stressed fibre and electrical tree growth time to failure of the insulation has been found. |
18,089 | Please write an abstract with title: The ATLAS Level-1 central trigger processor, and key words: Mesons, Electrons, Large Hadron Collider, Timing, Physics, Particle beams, Colliding beam devices, Protons, Microprogramming, Signal generators. Abstract: ATLAS is a multi-purpose particle physics detector at CERN's Large Hadron Collider where two pulsed beams of protons are brought to collision at very high energy. There are collisions every 25 ns, corresponding to a rate of 40 MHz. A three-level trigger system reduces this rate to about 200 Hz while keeping bunch crossings which potentially contain interesting processes. The Level-1 trigger, implemented in electronics and firmware, makes an initial selection in under 2.5 /spl mu/s with an output rate of less than 100 kHz. A key element of this is the central trigger processor (CTP) which combines trigger information from the calorimeter and muon trigger processors to make the final Level-1 accept decision in under 100 ns on the basis of lists of selection criteria, implemented as a trigger menu. Timing and trigger signals are fanned out to all sub-detectors, while busy signals from all sub-detector read-out systems are collected and fed into the CTP in order to throttle the generation of Level-1 triggers. |
18,090 | Please write an abstract with title: In situ behavior of wild long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Cuvier, 1829, and key words: Protocols, Conferences, Sea measurements, Metrology, Fish, Biology, Marine animals. Abstract: The study of behavior is one of the fundamental aspects of conservation biology. While for animals such as mammals there are well-defined protocols that have been applied for a long time, for marine animals, and fish in particular, studies are available for a limited number of species. The behavior of seahorses, for example, is poorly studied and in this work, we made a first attempt of using video recordings to analyze behavior of these endangered species in Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Southern Italy). The study presents preliminary data on behavioral activities and their comparisons among different life stages of Hippocampus guttulatus, namely females, males, and juveniles. Juveniles and females appeared to be highly active and invested more time in searching activities. Males, on the contrary, were less active and spent more time in inactive behavior. The results of the present study were promising and the differences in behavior between males and females are confirmed by biology of the species. However, it will be necessary to further investigate their behavior over a longer period, including for example courtship and gestation periods. |
18,091 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of Influence of Shupe Effect on Fiber-Optic Goniometer with different coil winding types, and key words: Heating systems, Analytical models, Goniometers, Windings, Thermal conductivity, Optical fiber devices, Finite element analysis. Abstract: One of key errors of the classic interference-type fiber-optic goniometer is the thermo-optical zero shift. Its caused by the non-uniform change of temperature of different fiber sections in the loop under the influence of temperature; as a result of that, counter-rotating waves get different phase incursions during stretching of fiber in the loop, thus creating thermo-optical zero shift (Shupe effect). Difference of the phase incursions of counter-rotating waves is the bigger the higher speed of fiber length change is, and the higher difference of delay time of those waves. The current study is focused on the modeling of influence of the Shupe effect on on the precision of the fiber optic goniometer. The key features of the goniometer mentioned are use of the copper coil carcass and compound with high thermal conductivity (use of nanotubes is desired). Different coil winding types (simple, dipole quadrupole, modified quadrupole, bifilar, octupole) are considered from the point of view of minimizing the thermo-optical zero shift under self-heating and influence of the ambient temperature changes. Analysis is based on the transient thermal analysis of finite element model of the goniometer performed in ANSYS environment with subsequent data import and integration of phase incursion, calculated based on temperature data, along the fiber length. Study results show that best results during self-heating gives the use of quadrupole winding, at that goniometer's zero shift changes insignificantly (about 0.08°, compared to 1,35° for the simple winding). Change of ambient temperature for a given design has almost no influence on the zero shift, as device is heated uniformly. One should note that as during modeling not all factors could be taken into account, the result obtained should be checked and qualified during FOG tests. |
18,092 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of Automated Bengali Parts of Speech Tagger: An Approach Using Deep Learning Algorithm, and key words: Tagging, Hidden Markov models, Computational modeling, Deep learning, Training, Conferences, Natural language processing. Abstract: Parts-of-Speech(POS) tagging is the technique to assign each word in a sentence as an individual part of speech. POS tagging is the first important step in Natural Language Processing applications (NLP). In some languages, POS tagging works well with higher accuracy, but in the Bengali language, it is still an unsolved problem. The Bengali language is much ambiguous and inflectional, where every word has many more variants based on their suffixes and prefixes. Although developing POS tagging is not new for the Bengali language, we aim to make a highly accurate model with a minimal dataset. Here we developed a deep learning model, and it is mainly based on suffixes, which are parts of Bengali grammar. Moreover, we did experiment with a Bengali corpus that contains 2927 words with their corresponding parts of speech tags. The accuracy of our proposed POS tagging deep learning model is 93.90%. We also included this model as a python package to our open-source Bengali Natural language processing toolkit (BNLTK), which is now live on pipy.org. |
18,093 | Please write an abstract with title: Interval Optimal Dispatching of IES Considering Dynamic Characteristics of Natural Gas Network, and key words: Uncertainty, Costs, Wind energy, Power system dynamics, Pipelines, Wind power generation, Dispatching. Abstract: Compared with coal-fired thermal units, renewable energy resource, i.e. wind energy, has the advantages of low cost and low pollution. However, wind energy has inherent uncertainty, thus resulting in “wind abandonment” and “low utilization efficiency of wind energy ”. The emerging of integrated energy system (IES) is helpful to solve the problem of wind energy accommodation, convert electric energy into other energy for storage, and improve energy utilization efficiency. In this paper, an interval optimal dispatching of IES considering the dynamic characteristics of natural gas pipeline is proposed, which can further improve the capacity of the system to absorb wind power. Firstly, this paper describes the mathematical model of wind power uncertainty, and constructs the natural gas dynamic storage model. On this basis, an optimal scheduling model considering the dynamic characteristics of gas network is constructed. Finally, Case studies are carried out on the IEEE24 bus electrical system and 20 bus natural gas system to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. |
18,094 | Please write an abstract with title: Simplified maximum likelihood classification for hyperspectral data in cluster space, and key words: Hyperspectral imaging, Maximum likelihood estimation, Hyperspectral sensors, Labeling, Statistics, Remote sensing, Educational institutions, Australia, Data analysis, Classification algorithms. Abstract: In this paper, a simplified maximum likelihood classification method is applied to cluster-space hyperspectral data analysis. A principal components (PC) transformation is firstly used for data de-correlation, followed by cluster-space representation where information classes are associated with spectral clusters automatically. The simplified maximum likelihood classification treats the transformed data independent of the PC features, allowing the second-degree statistics of each cluster to be taken into account with reduced requirement on the number of training samples. Pixel labelling is undertaken by a combined decision based on its membership of belonging to defined clusters and the clusters' membership of belonging to information classes. |
18,095 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Gait-Based Age Estimation and Gender Classification from a Single Image, and key words: Legged locomotion, Smoothing methods, Estimation, Focusing, Streaming media, Real-time systems, Probability distribution. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a unified real-time framework for gait-based age estimation and gender classification that uses just a single image, which reduces the latency in video capturing compared with the existing methods based on a gait cycle. To cope with the problem of lacking motion information in the input single image, we first reconstruct a gait cycle of a silhouette sequence from the input image via a gait cycle reconstruction network. The reconstructed gait cycle is then fed into a state-of-the-art gait recognition network for feature representation learning, which is further used to obtain the class of the gender and the estimated probability distribution of integer age labels. Unlike the existing methods focusing on the gait sequences captured from the side view, the proposed method is applicable to the gait images from an arbitrary view with a single trained model, which is more suitable for real-world application scenarios (e.g., automatic access control). Stand-alone and client-server online systems were implemented based on the proposed method, which validates the real-time/online property in actual scenes. The experiments on the world's largest multi-view gait dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which achieves performance improvement compared with the benchmark algorithms. |
18,096 | Please write an abstract with title: Steering Scheme of Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors, and key words: Brushless DC motors, Roads, Wheels, Permanent magnet motors, Electric vehicles, Turning, Permanent magnets. Abstract: In order to solve the accident problem when the vehicle was turning at a high speed, the steering of the in-wheel motors driven electric vehicle was studied. First, the working principle of the hub-type permanent magnet brushless DC motor was studied. The drive control scheme of the motor was selected. Then, by analyzing the advantages of the electronic differential technology, the overall control scheme of the electronic differential system was determined. Finally, the steering test of four in-wheel motors driven electric vehicles was carried out to verify its feasibility. The results show that the most suitable control scheme for in-wheel motors driven electric vehicle steering was motor voltage control. The electronic differential control ensured that the electric vehicle met the differential principle when steering. Therefore, the four wheels are independently driven by the four motors matched thereto, which can effectively reduce the steering force of the driver and improve the portability of the steering. At the same time, when the car relies on electronic differential steering, the variable speed characteristics of each wheel ensure a certain sense of road feedback. The driver knows the road information and the state of motion of the vehicle. The safety of in-wheel motors driven electric vehicles has been improved. |
18,097 | Please write an abstract with title: Gray System-Based Identification and Pre-Culling of Outliers Applied to Magnetic Sensor in Aeromagnetic Compensation, and key words: Optical sensors, Sensors, Magnetometers, Magnetic sensors, Interference, Aircraft, Adaptive optics. Abstract: In aeromagnetic surveys, poor aircraft heading and weather may frequently cause a classical optically-pumped sensor to enter into or close to its dead zone, which results in unavoidable outliers that seriously reduce aeromagnetic compensation. To address these problems, a method to identify rapidly and pre-cull magnetic outliers based on the gray system theory is proposed to reduce their negative influence during the estimation of coefficients and target detection robustness. By constructing a gray region of aeromagnetic data and then checking whether the data at the end points of the region are normal, aeromagnetic outliers can be culled. The simulation results show that even if the outlier rate is increased to 20%, the average of the correct culling rate of the proposed method can still reach 99.67%, at which the culling effect is highly robust. We constructed an experimental survey platform and conducted a flight test. The results show that the improvement ratio of the proposed method can reach 4.36, which is 10.38 times higher than the conventional method. |
18,098 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Optimal Recursive Identification for Markov Switched Systems, and key words: Switched systems, Maximum a posteriori estimation, Linear systems, Costs, Conferences, Switches, Markov processes. Abstract: This paper tackles the problem of identifying the parameters of a class of stochastic switched systems, where the active subsystem is determined by a Markov chain. This class includes autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (ARX) for which the parameters switch according to a Markov chain and general Markov Jump Linear Systems (MJLSs) with full-state information. The transition probabilities of the Markov chain are assumed to be known, but the active subsystem is unknown. A recursive identification method for the joint maximum a posteriori probability estimate of these parameters and of the unknown mode is proposed relying on relaxed dynamic programming. The method is guaranteed to provide an estimate whose joint posteriori probability is within a constant factor of that of the optimal estimate while reducing the computational complexity. The method is illustrated through a numerical example. |
18,099 | Please write an abstract with title: A computationally efficient decimation filter design for embedded systems, and key words: Embedded computing, Embedded system, Analog-digital conversion, Digital systems, Digital filters, Decision making, Digital signal processors, Signal processing algorithms, Neural networks, Attenuation. Abstract: As analog-to-digital converters become faster, this allows them to become closer to their intended sensor. This fosters an environment that continues to allow a paradigm shift in which digital systems replace analog ones, thus mitigating many non-ideal effects. In parallel with this trend, the importance of decimation filters continues to expand - as the high speed data needs to be down-sampled prior to a decision making element, such as a digital signal processor (running CFAR algorithms, neural networks, and the like). Ideally, these decimation filters should have as much stop-band attenuation as possible. However, on a fixed point processor, like an FPGA, the finite word-length effects are in opposition to this goal. To break this nexus, this paper employs an integerization technique and explores how these integerized implementations improve performance in embedded systems. This technology creates fixed integer transforms with computationally optimal representations. |
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