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18,100 | Please write an abstract with title: Receiver Design for MIMO Unsourced Random Access With Sparse Kronecker-Product Coding, and key words: Receivers, Encoding, MIMO communication, Bayes methods, Decoding, Wireless communication, Sparse matrices. Abstract: In this letter, we extend the sparse Kronecker-product (SKP) coding scheme, originally designed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) unsourced random access (URA). With the SKP coding adopted for MIMO transmission, we develop an efficient Bayesian iterative receiver design to solve the intended challenging trilinear factorization problem. Numerical results show that the proposed design outperforms the existing counterparts, and that it performs well in all simulated settings with various antenna sizes and active-user numbers. |
18,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Tracking of trajectory and fault estimation of MIABOT robot using an artificial neural network, and key words: Linear systems, Actuators, Estimation error, Simulation, Artificial neural networks, Takagi-Sugeno model, Trajectory. Abstract: This article deals with the tracking of states and faults for nonlinear systems modeled using the Takagi Sugeno approach. An artificial neural network with unknown inputs is used for the purpose of tracking the system state and faults affecting the system. Firstly, the problem of state tracking is considered. After that, the proposed approach is extended to estimate actuator faults. The proposed method is applied to a robot modeled using the Takagi-Sugeno framework. Indeed, we propose on this work to estimate state and actuator fault affecting a non linear system modeled using Takagi-Sugeno structure by its application to a model of mobile robot given in the form a Takagi-Sugeno structure with 16 local models. |
18,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Equilibrium Optimizer-Based Approach of PV Generation Planning in a Distribution System for Maximizing Hosting Capacity, and key words: Planning, Metaheuristics, Inverters, Capacity planning, Load flow analysis, Genetic algorithms, Linear programming. Abstract: This paper presents an Equilibrium Optimizer (EO)-based method that simultaneously determines locations and sizes of multiple photovoltaic (PV) units for maximizing a distribution system’s PV hosting capacity (PVHC). The proposed method avoids various search-space restrictions seen in recent literature. The constraints in this paper are separated into two types based on the necessity of power flow analysis. The proposed method is implemented through co-simulation between MATLAB and OpenDSS. PV output and load demand variation is considered through a 24-hour profile representing a season. Smart inverter is considered through the PV inverter volt-var control (VVC) scheme. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 123-bus benchmark system. Four test cases are considered to determine the impact of reverse power flow (RPF) limit and the impact of VVC toward the optimal PV planning. The results show that EO produces superior results compared to Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA). |
18,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Converter Arm Energy Model and Submodule Capacitor Sizing for the Asymmetric Alternate Arm Converter Topology, and key words: Reactive power, Perturbation methods, HVDC transmission, Capacitors, Modulation, Voltage, Capacitance. Abstract: This paper presents the converter arm energy model and submodule capacitor sizing procedure of the Asymmetric Alternate Arm Converter (AAAC) topology which was recently proposed for HVDC applications. The converter arm energy model is derived from its arm voltage and arm current profiles over one fundamental line cycle. Based on the derived arm energy model of the converter, the converter arm energy deviation is investigated for different modulation index and power factor load operation conditions. The arm energy investigation result shows that the converter arm energy deviation increases when the modulation index decreases. While, with regard to load power factor, the converter arm energy deviation has symmetrical relationship with the power factor axis and the maximum arm energy deviation occurs at a power factor of 0 or when the converter is processing full reactive power. Therefore, from the minimum possible modulation index value of the converter and a power factor of 0, the maximum arm energy deviation of the converter is determined and then the minimum submodule capacitance required for the converter is determined using the worst-case energy perturbation method from the maximum converter arm energy deviation over a fundamental line cycle, the number of submodules per converter arm and the maximum allowed submodule capacitor voltage deviation (ripple factor). The accuracy of the derived converter arm energy model is validated using both simulation and experimental results. |
18,104 | Please write an abstract with title: A Durable Biometric Authentication Scheme via Blockchain, and key words: Biometrics (access control), Computer hacking, Data security, Authentication, Blockchain, Digital signatures, Password. Abstract: In the digital era, one of the aspects is data security, where the combination of biometrics with blockchain is introduced as an advanced and durable technique to protect sensitive information. In modern society, biometric systems are widely employed instead of the password as an authentication process with high-level security, is complicated to hack the system by the hacker. At this juncture, the blockchain can provide high-level security as a fast-accessing process in an efficient manner. Any authentication process refers to some conventional hashing policy for the preparation of digital signatures. The same digital signature can process with the blockchain technique by referring to the hashing approach is discussed in this paper. |
18,105 | Please write an abstract with title: A planar bandpass filter design with wide stopband using double split-end stepped-impedance resonators, and key words: Band pass filters, Resonator filters, Filtering theory, Couplings, Impedance, Microwave filters, Frequency, Attenuation, Planar transmission lines, Space technology. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a compact planar bandpass filter design with wide stopband. The double split-end quarter-wave-length (/spl lambda//4) resonator is introduced to reduce the resonator size while providing additional transmission zeros. Optimal split-end length is determined to provide transmission zeros that attenuate the two lowest spurious resonance frequencies. The singly loaded quality factor (Q/sub si/) of the optimal-length /spl lambda//4 stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) is also analytically derived. Using the proposed technique to design an Nth-order filter, N+1 controllable transmission zeros are generated and used to suppress spurious frequency responses. The experimental design shows that the sixth-order filter can provide a very broad stopband of 8.5 times the fundamental frequency with at least 37.8 dB of attenuation using the SIRs with a stepped-impedance ratio (R) of 0.528. |
18,106 | Please write an abstract with title: On Improvement of Microhardness for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy via Cold ECAP, and key words: Metals, Pressing, Microstructure, Robots, Cybernetics, Strain. Abstract: The commercial AA7050 alloys with T6 state were successfully processed by ECAP at room temperature. The microhardness evolutions were studied via the average values and color-code maps of microhardness. The effect of microstructure on the microhardness of AA7050 alloys was evaluated using TEM. After one pass ECAP, the microhardness dramatically increased from 179.0 HV to 208.1 HV. Following, the microhardness values are gradually increasing with the increases of ECAP passes number. Up to 6 passes, the maximum microhardness of 234.4 HV was achieved. Color-code maps of microhardness exhibited an obviously work-hardening processing of AA7050 alloys during the ECAP. The homogeneous hardness distribution was developed in this processing due to the saturation of the work-hardening in high strains applied in ECAP. The microstructure observation shows high density of dislocations were introduced to the grain interior of AA7050 alloy during the ECAP, accompanied by the strong grain refinement. The ultra-fine grains with an average size of 46 nm were obtained after six passes ECAP. The high-density dislocation and ultra-fine grains in the ECAPed alloy contribute to the continuously increased microhardness. |
18,107 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on ULFS Strategies with DGs in Isolated Distribution Systems, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Philosophical considerations, Simulation, Power system dynamics, Microgrids, Load shedding, Power system planning. Abstract: Under frequency load shedding (ULFS) is not a new problem. However, the wide penetration of distributed generators (DGs) in power systems especially in distribution systems, may result in new features into this traditional problem. DGs have extensive impacts on power system planning, operation and market management. Hence, it is necessary to examine the appropriate ULFS strategy for a power system especially a distribution system with DGs. On the other hand, one of the strong benefits of DGs is the ability to improve reliability by continuing operation of electrical islands when an event causes the separation from the main grid, hence the wide employment of DGs is helpful for the secure operation a microgrid. Given this background, research on ULFS Strategies with DGs in isolated distribution systems was firstly present to examine different dynamic responses in the microgrid subject to a disturbance. Secondly, with the effects of the developed UFLS strategy, many simulations for different scenarios in a microgrid with DGs ( i.e. a thermal unit and a wind unit) respectively, were carried out. Finally, conclusions on ULFS strategies with DGs in isolated distribution systems was present. It appears necessary to examine the ULFS strategy in an isolated distribution system/microgrid. |
18,108 | Please write an abstract with title: Computer-aided inspection of some design rules of integrated circuit layers, and key words: Inspection, Integrated circuit technology, Algorithm design and analysis, Image segmentation, Image matching, Integrated circuit metallization, Image reconstruction, Integrated circuit layout, Integrated circuit manufacture, Manufacturing processes. Abstract: The visual inspection algorithms for verification of industrial design rules of integrated circuits are proposed. The algorithms include segmentation of images of layout with subsequent extraction of typical patterns on these images for defects localization. The unique feature of the technology is that the inspection of the design technological rules is performed at different stages of processing. Thus a time-consuming procedure of image matching with the purpose of localization of defects is performed only for some images from the whole image set. The inspection algorithms are included in the system of metallization layers processing, which is applied both for layout reconstruction of integrated circuits and for the inspection of its manufacture |
18,109 | Please write an abstract with title: A Study on the Performance Analysis of Hybrid Diversity Combining Techniques for Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels under AWGN, and key words: Diversity schemes, Diversity reception, Transmitting antennas, Rician channels, Receiving antennas, Robustness, Performance analysis. Abstract: In order to deal with multipath propagation, diversity combining is used, where hybrid combining provide better outcomes in comparison with basic combining systems. Consequently, two new hybrid diversity combining schemes SCMRC and SC-EGC are investigated in this study. In this research work, data is transmitted from a single transmitting antenna and received by 4 distinct antennas for pure combining (MRC, SC, EGC) and 4 modules having 2 antennas per SC module (4x2) in hybrid combining (SIMO). Comparison between hybrid SC-EGC and SC-MRC has also been observed for 2 SC modules having 2, 3 and 4 antennas each. The most robust modulation technique, Binary phase shift keying (BPSK), was taken into consideration. The data was conveyed through Rayleigh and Rician fading channels and a performance analysis was done for the BER response in both cases for every possible combination of diversity combining ventures under flat fading conditions. Among them SC-MRC hybrid combining and Rician fading channel brought out a more prominent result as anticipated. |
18,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Mid-infrared photothermal quantitative phase imaging (MIP-QPI), and key words: Microscopy, Lasers and electrooptics, Electrooptical waveguides. Abstract: Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy is an emerging technology in the field of label-free vibrational imaging. Instead of using a point-scanning imaging modality, we develop wide-field mid-infrared photothermal imaging techniques with various phase microscopes. |
18,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Middleware Control Systems Design and Analysis Using Message Interpreted Petri Nets (MIPN), and key words: Petri nets, Task analysis, Control systems, Analytical models, Codes, Robot sensing systems, Process control. Abstract: Many distributed frameworks use a message-oriented middleware to interchange information among several independent distributed modules. Those modules make up complex systems implementing basic actions and reporting events about their state. This paper introduces the Message Interpreted Petri Net (MIPN) model to design, analyze, and execute the central control of these middleware systems. The MIPN is a new Petri net extension that adds message-based high-level information communications and hierarchic capabilities. It also contributes to the definition and study of new properties such as terminability for the hierarchy-wide analysis of a system. Special attention is given to the analyzability of the model. Useful relations between the individual properties of each MIPN and the global properties of a hierarchic MIPNs system are extracted through a mathematical analysis of the model. The goal is to analyze each net separately and then build up the properties of the whole system. This results in a great aid for the programmer and optimizes the development process. This paper also shows the actual integration of this new MIPN model in different robot control frameworks to design, analyze, execute, monitor, log, and debug tasks in such heterogeneous systems. Finally, some applications created with this framework in the fields of robotics, autonomous vehicles, and logistics are also presented. |
18,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Analysis of Input-Series-Output-Series Partial Power Rated DC to DC Converters, and key words: ISO, Semiconductor devices, Power electronics, Topology, Inductors, Standards. Abstract: This paper analyses the possibilities of the input-series-output-series partial power converter configuration with auxiliary series resonant balancer converter. In comparison to the standard converter topologies, the differences between processed powers, as well as differences between powers processed by the inductors are presented in boost, buck and buck-boost cases. Additionally, in the case of the boost topologies, the more in-depth analysis of the power losses is shown. Consequently, the benefits regarding the converter efficiency of the input-series-output-series boost partial power rated converted are discussed. |
18,113 | Please write an abstract with title: Airborne Radar Coherent Integration and Sea-Clutter Suppression Method for Marine Moving Target via TSLRT-MFP-SVD, and key words: Filtering, Airborne radar, Geoscience and remote sensing, Transforms, Object detection, Data processing, Doppler effect. Abstract: Airborne radar mainly confronts two problems for marine moving target detection. One the one hand, the relative velocity and acceleration between airborne radar and target cause range cell migration (RCM) and Doppler frequency spread (DFS), degrading the CI performance. On the other hand, heavy sea-clutter influences the focusing/detection results. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel fast method based on time slice location rotation transform (TSLRT), matched filtering processing (MFP) and singular value decomposition (SVD), i.e., TSLRT-MFP-SVD. This method combines the ideas of time slices division and echo subspace decomposition to realize valid CI and sea-clutter restrain. Real-data processing prove the validity of the proposed method. |
18,114 | Please write an abstract with title: 100-MW, 1.6-/spl mu/m Pr/sup +3/:LaCl/sub 3/ up-conversion laser for space propulsion, and key words: Propulsion, Pump lasers, Stationary state, Cooling, Helium, Thermal stresses, Gas lasers, Laser modes, Laser excitation, Absorption. Abstract: Magda first suggested up-conversion pumped 1.6-/spl mu/m Pr/sup +3/:LaCl/sub 3/ for laser propulsion. Demonstrated Pr/sup +3/:LaCl/sub 3/ lasing at 1.6 /spl mu/m was up-conversion pumped by a pulsed 2.02-/spl mu/m Tm:YAG laser. |
18,115 | Please write an abstract with title: Beam physics at LHC, and key words: Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Structural beams, Optical scattering, Electromagnetic scattering, Acoustic scattering, Particle scattering, Electrons, Robustness, Lattices. Abstract: The design of the Large Hadron Collider incorporates the accumulated knowledge obtained from previous generations of hadron colliders. Among the well known effects limiting machine performance are intrabeam scattering, the beam-beam interaction and stability against collective motion. Simulations and recent experiments in the SPS have shown that the electron cloud effect observed in the B-factories will be present both in the LHC and in its injector. All of these phenomena are discussed together with the measure taken in the machine design to overcome them. |
18,116 | Please write an abstract with title: A method to synchronize high-intensity, focused ultrasound with an arbitrary ultrasound imager, and key words: Ultrasonic imaging, Focusing, Acoustic imaging, Imaging phantoms, Acoustic transducers, Monitoring, Medical treatment, Delay, Acoustic signal detection, Frequency synchronization. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging is useful for monitoring high-intensity, focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy; however, interference on the ultrasound image, caused by HIFU excitation, must be avoided. A method to synchronize HIFU excitation with ultrasound imaging is described here. Synchronization was tested with two unmodified, commercial imagers and two tissue phantoms |
18,117 | Please write an abstract with title: Malicious Flows Generator Based on Data Balanced Algorithm, and key words: Computer hacking, Computational modeling, Intrusion detection, Machine learning, Generative adversarial networks, Feature extraction, Generators. Abstract: As Internet technology gradually matures, the network structure becomes more complex. Therefore, the attack methods of malicious attackers are more diverse and change faster. Fortunately, due to the substantial increase in computer computing power, machine learning is valued and widely used in various fields. It has also been applied to intrusion detection systems. This study found that due to the imperfect data ratio of the unbalanced flow dataset, the model will be overfitting and the misjudgment rate will increase. In response to this problem, this research proposes to use the Cuckoo system to induce malicious samples to generate malicious traffic, to solve the data proportion defect of the unbalanced traffic dataset. |
18,118 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards universal speech recognition, and key words: Speech recognition, Natural languages, Engines, Application software, Switches, Interactive systems, Laboratories, Costs, Speech processing, Text recognition. Abstract: The increasing interest in multilingual applications like speech-to-speech translation systems is accompanied by the need for speech recognition front-ends in many languages that can also handle multiple input languages at the same time. We describe a universal speech recognition system that fulfills such needs. It is trained by sharing speech and text data across languages and thus reduces the number of parameters and overhead significantly at the cost of only slight accuracy loss. The final recognizer eases the burden of maintaining several monolingual engines, makes dedicated language identification obsolete and allows for code-switching within an utterance. To achieve these goals we developed new methods for constructing multilingual acoustic models and multilingual n-gram language models. |
18,119 | Please write an abstract with title: On the emulation of geostationary Earth orbit satellite systems, and key words: Emulation, Earth, Satellite broadcasting, Quality of service, Switches, Protocols, Circuit simulation, Real time systems, Traffic control, Time division multiplexing. Abstract: The simulation of complex telecommunication systems, such as satellite-based networks, is seldom sufficient to understand fully their real behavior and to evaluate the quality of service (QoS) perceived by their users. The mean opinion score (MOS) method, widely used to evaluate the perceived QoS, requires the use of a working system, and this is usually not the case for satellites, when studying new protocols and/or new system architectures. A simulator able to replicate in real time the behavior of the system under examination would be very useful: we call it an emulator. This paper describes an emulator for IP data traffic on a single beam GEO satellite, with TDM/TDMA radio links and on-board circuit switch. The emulator has been implemented in the CNIT Radio Communication Laboratory at Politecnico di Torino. |
18,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Magnetic Field Shielding with Metamaterial Hourglass Lens, and key words: Solid modeling, Magnetic flux, Magnetic separation, Magnetic noise, Metamaterials, Magnetic materials, Permeability. Abstract: This paper presents a novel design for a metamaterial (MM) hourglass lens which can achieve a significant improvement in magnetic field shielding when compared to a MM slab of equal dimensions. The shape of the structure and the material properties of near-zero permeability MM(s) are used to attain this enhancement. The improvement in the magnetic shielding is demonstrated by theoretical studies involving magnetic flux models and 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations. The operating frequency for this study is chosen to be 13.56 MHz in the ISM band, and the relative permeability of the mu-near-zero MM is considered to have a real component of 0.02 and a loss tangent of 0.01. The MM hourglass lens is constructed using a staircase approximation of planar MM slabs. The mutual inductance of a two-coil system with coils of 5 cm radius at different separation distances and with the MM lens or slab is used to compare the shielding efficiency between the MM structures. The proposed lens design constructed using 15 slabs provides about 12% reduction in mutual inductance at a thickness of 30 mm and about 45% reduction at a thickness of 70 mm when compared to the MM slab for a coil separation distance of 25 cm. |
18,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of photovoltaic systems applying linear programming, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Costs, Maintenance engineering, Linear programming, Mathematical models, Inverters, Batteries. Abstract: This paper shows a methodology to determine the optimal number of photovoltaic panels, batteries and inverters of an autonomous photovoltaic system to meet the electrical demand of a residence at the lowest total life cycle cost possible, an economic objective function that includes the initial costs of capital, replacement, operation and maintenance of the system components. The case study consists of the electrification of a rural house located in the State of Veracruz, Mexico. The problem was solved through the development of a linear programming model in MATLAB, considering that the state of charge of the battery bank must be kept at adequate levels to the preservation of its useful life. |
18,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Incentive Demand Response Considering Life Degradation of Energy Storage System, and key words: Degradation, Deep learning, Costs, Asia, Reinforcement learning, Demand response, Power markets. Abstract: To promote the development of the power market in China, the participation of demand response in the power market is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper designs a trading mechanism and clearing model which is suitable for the current power spot market in China considering incentive demand response and energy storage refinement model. First, according to the bidding information, the spot market bidding model with incentive demand response is constructed and the market-clearing model with incentive demand response is proposed. Then, to minimize the generation cost, the energy storage and power unit are coordinated and optimized Finally, an example is given to verify the practicability of the proposed method and the effectiveness of the model. |
18,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Remarks on human posture classification using self-organizing map, and key words: Humans, Pixel, Biological system modeling, Histograms, Testing, Counting circuits, Image processing, Image recognition, Handicapped aids, Motion estimation. Abstract: This paper presents a monocular system to classify human body postures from images. Human silhouette image is extracted from image by background subtraction using statistical background modeling and pixel classification. The feature vector that inputs to the human posture classifier based on self-organizing map (SOM) is composed using both horizontal and vertical projection histograms of the obtained human silhouette and the contour image of the human silhouette. The SOM has torus form so that the boundary of the map does not depend on how to choose the neighborhood area in its learning process. In clustering experiment, a recognition rate of 86.9% is achieved by using the torus-formed SOM (61.5% using conventional SOM, 72.7% using counter propagation network) when testing five postures. Experimental results show both the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method for clustering human body postures. |
18,124 | Please write an abstract with title: High Order Sliding Mode of Connected DFIG-Variable Speed Wind Turbine, and key words: Maximum power point trackers, Support vector machines, Software algorithms, Doubly fed induction generators, Stators, Robustness, Stability analysis. Abstract: This work proposes a nonlinear control methods for a variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), according to Scherbius configuration. An efficient high order sliding-mode control (HOSMC) is applied and compared to conventional sliding mode control (SMC), in order to fix its primary disadvantage which is the chattering phenomena. These two strategies are used as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to extract the maximum of power from the wind. In the other hand, The strategies are combined to space vector modulation (SVM) as a direct power control(DPC) of the active and reactive stator powers. The proposed system is tested, in terms of reference-tracking, robustness against parameters variations and analytic performances. |
18,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards an independent component model, and key words: Application software, Operating systems, Software reusability, Electrochemical machining, Standards development, Resource management, Software engineering, Integrated circuit modeling, Computer science, Manufacturing. Abstract: Summary form only given. There is an increasing need for engineering models that provide better representation of a software application. Software manufacturers are hoping to make an application from the composition of several software components in a way very similar to the hardware components. However, applications are currently bounded to the traditional programming models and services provided by current operating systems. Although current component models support component based development, they are at the end governed by the legacy roles imposed by the operating systems. In this paper, we introduce the EZeus component object model (ECM). We show that ECM exhibits most of the component-based software engineering advantages. ECM is an independent component model that allows developers to craft applications purely out of components that interact efficiently. The components are not dependent on particular operating systems. |
18,126 | Please write an abstract with title: Investigation results of liner dispersion in conical generator, and key words: Nuclear power generation, Coils, Character generation, Stators, Scattering, Magnetic flux, Equations, Radiography, Physics, Voltage. Abstract: Factors affecting output characteristics of a conical generator are marked out. Absence condition of flux cut-off at the expense of liner and stator axis misalignment is derived. Two-dimensional gas-dynamic calculations of liner dispersion in the conical generator are performed. Satisfactory agreement of calculations and X-ray radiographic experiments is obtained. |
18,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Blockchain-Based Task Offloading in Drone-Aided Mobile Edge Computing, and key words: Computer architecture, Blockchain, Service-oriented architecture, Servers, Task analysis, Edge computing, Drones. Abstract: An increasing number of cloud providers now offer mobile edge computing (MEC) services for their customers to support task offloading. This is undertaken to reduce latency associated with forwarding data from IoT devices owned by customers to cloud platforms. However, two challenges remain in existing MEC scenarios: (i) the coverage of MEC services is limited; (ii) there is limited ability to develop an audit trail about which MEC service providers have processed a user's data. A new architecture for automatically offloading user tasks in MEC scenarios is proposed that addresses the two challenges above. The architecture makes use of drones to dynamically cache data generated from IoT devices and forward this data to MEC servers that participate in a private blockchain network. Our simulated experiments demonstrate the flexibility of the task offloading process through the proposed architecture, which can provide greater visibility of MEC service providers involved in processing users' data. |
18,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Copper Nanowires Filler to Fluxes for Fabrication of Diffusion Soldering Paste, and key words: Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopy, Nanowires, Copper, Soldering, Usability, Standards. Abstract: The paper presents a study of the possibility of adding copper nanowires to standard solder pastes in order to obtain diffuse soldering. An approach for pre-mixing the nanowires with flux and their subsequential addition to the solder paste was considered. A method for investigation of the stability of the copper nanowires in different fluxes was proposed. Results, related to the stability study were also presented. |
18,129 | Please write an abstract with title: Creation of Electronic Educational Resources for Resource-Oriented Training of Electrical Engineering Students, and key words: Training, Electrical engineering, Electronic publishing, Manuals, Tools, Power systems, Web sites. Abstract: The paper considers three software tools that allow quickly create electronic educational resources for the introduction of resource-oriented learning of students in higher education. Electronic educational resources of local and open types for students of electrotechnical and electric power specialties in the environment of information system Electronic textbooks Constructor (Constructor Electronic books 1.1.3), Designer of websites Wix.com, SunRav are developed. The definition of the concept of resource-oriented learning as a holistic dynamic process of organization and stimulation of independent cognitive activity of students to master the skills of active transformation of the information environment, which provides optimal use of tandem "student-teacher" consolidated personnel, financial, logistical, teaching and information resources. |
18,130 | Please write an abstract with title: Image object recognition based on Radon transform, and key words: Object recognition, Image sensors, Intelligent sensors, Robot sensing systems, Intelligent robots, Intelligent control, Shape, Feature extraction, Testing, Robustness. Abstract: The processing of image object of visual sensor is a key issue in robot intelligent control. A new method for object recognition based on Radon transform is proposed. On the basis of image preprocessing, the algorithm for extracting the shape features of image object at different angles based on Radon Transform (RT) is given. To increase the efficiency of the algorithm, two feature sets have been formed. One is coarse feature set that is formed to measure the similarity between the template object and image object and then the template and image are aligned. Another is fine feature set that is formed to realize the object recognition by feature matching. The results of some tests show that the new method is robust to the translation, rotation and scale of image object. |
18,131 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Approach to Protecting Low-Power and Lossy IoT Networks Against Blackhole Attacks, and key words: Social computing, Costs, Computational modeling, Intrusion detection, Minimization, Routing protocols, Hardware. Abstract: Realizing the applications of Internet of Things (IoT) with the goal of achieving a more efficient and automated world requires billions of connected smart devices and the minimization of hardware cost in these devices. As a result, many IoT devices do not have sufficient resources to support various protocols required in many IoT applications. Because of this, new protocols have been introduced to support the integration of these devices. One of these protocols is the increasingly popular routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL). However, this protocol is well known to attract blackhole and sinkhole attacks and cause serious difficulties when using more computationally intensive techniques to protect against these attacks, such as intrusion detection systems and rank authentication schemes. In this paper, an effective approach is presented to protect RPL networks against blackhole attacks. The approach does not address sinkhole attacks because they cause low damage and are often used along blackhole attacks and can be detected when blackhole attaches are detected. This approach uses the feature of multiple parents per node and a parent evaluation system enabling nodes to select more reliable routes. Simulations have been conducted, compared to existing approaches this approach would provide better protection against blackhole attacks with much lower overheads for small RPL networks. |
18,132 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed DBA Scheme for Fog Node Equipped LR-EPON Based FiWi Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Spectral efficiency, Simulation, IEEE 802.3 Standard, Telecommunication traffic, Computer architecture, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: To cater a large number of wireless and wireline users distributed over a large area, long-reach Ethernet passive optical network (LR-EPON) can be used as the mobile backhaul for fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks. In LR-EPON based FiWi network, a wireless base station (BS) is connected to an optical network unit (ONU). The centralized dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) schemes used for upstream traffic transmission in conventional EPON cannot be efficiently utilized in LR-EPON due to inefficient bandwidth utilization caused by increased round-trip time (RTT) between OLT and ONU. We propose a distributed DBA scheme for LR-EPON based FiWi network whereby the bandwidth allocation decision is taken by the ONUs themselves instead of OLT to mitigate the dependency on large RTT. Through simulation study, we show that our proposed distributed DBA scheme performs better than the centralized and other existing distributed DBA schemes in terms of the average delay and average queue occupancy. Using our proposed distributed DBA scheme, we also explore three architectures for the placement of fog node at different locations in LR-EPON based FiWi network. We show performance of the different architectures along with using our proposed distributed DBA scheme for different offered traffic load conditions. |
18,133 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-operating Mode Multi-port DC/DC Converter with High Step-up Voltage Gain, and key words: Low voltage, Power supplies, Switches, Power conversion, Voltage control, Stress, Energy storage. Abstract: Aiming at renewable energy generation system with storage elements. A multi-operating mode and multi-port DC/DC converter with high step-up voltage gain has been presented in this paper, the proposed converter interfaces a unidirectional input power port, a bidirectional port for storage elements and a load port into a unified structure, which features single stage power conversion among any two electrical ports. It has the advantages of high step-up voltage gain, smoothly switching between any working modes and low voltage stress on switching devices. The working principles of the converter were analyzed in this paper, and then the performances and characteristics of the converter were deduced. Finally, an experimental prototype with a rated power of 200W was set up to verify the theoretical analysis. |
18,134 | Please write an abstract with title: A General Method to Calculate the Source-Stirred Correlations in a Well-Stirred Reverberation Chamber, and key words: Correlation, Antenna radiation patterns, Dipole antennas, Reverberation chambers, Antenna measurements, Vivaldi antennas. Abstract: To identify the independent sample number in a platform-stirred reverberation chamber, the correlated angle of a rotating platform has to be identified. A general numerical method is proposed to calculate the farfield correlation in a source-stirred reverberation chamber. The proposed method is verified using a dipole antenna which has an analytical solution. General source antenna configurations are also investigated (e.g., a Vivaldi antenna) which show that the correlated angle is not sensitive to the radiation pattern of the source-stirred antenna for a large rotating radius. |
18,135 | Please write an abstract with title: Large Scale Science on NSF's Frontera System, and key words: Special issues and sections, Supercomputers, National Science Foundation. Abstract: In 2019 the National Science Foundation in the United States began operation of its Frontera supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, debuting at number 5 on the TOP500 list. Unlike more general purpose supercomputers, Frontera was designed for the focused community of users doing computational science at the largest scale. This special issue features articles from Frontera's science users spanning the sciences from climate change to tornadoes and organic solar cells. We also include two computational science articles highlighting the tools and techniques that are needed to enable users running single jobs beyond 8,000 nodes. |
18,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperative Levels in Eco-Driving of Electric Vehicle Platoons, and key words: Conferences, Optimal control, Electric vehicles, Energy efficiency, Automobiles, Intelligent transportation systems, Cruise control. Abstract: In a connected and automated world, based on the amount of information shared and the motivation for the common good, three levels of cooperation, namely non-cooperative, cooperative and centralized cooperatives schemes are defined. In this paper, a car following eco-driving scenario with the three levels of cooperation, is formulated as three different optimal control problems. The formulated optimal control problems are solved using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle and analytical solutions are presented. The three proposed controllers are evaluated for energy efficiency and string compactness with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) as baseline. Results show that while non-cooperative eco-driving algorithm is energy efficient with a single follower, it performs worse in terms of energy efficiency and string compactness in a platoon, in comparison to ACC. However, the cooperative algorithm overcomes the drawbacks of the former. The centralized cooperative eco-driving algorithm, performs best in terms of platoon energy efficiency and string compactness with respect to the other two cooperative schemes and ACC, if the first vehicle performs eco-driving optimal control. |
18,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Discussion, and key words: Poles and towers, Lightning, Geology, Instruments, Foot, Surges, Storms. Abstract: Tue Chairman: It is fitting that the two important papers on this topic prepared in our neighbouring country should be presented in this Institute. They have had worthy forerunners in the papers by Rendell and Gaff in 1933, Schonland in 1933 and 1934 and Perry and Jobling in 1936, and you will agree that a most significant contribution to our knowledge has been made to-night. |
18,138 | Please write an abstract with title: All-Dielectric Metasurface-Based Quad-Beam Splitter in the Terahertz Regime, and key words: Silicon, Electromagnetic scattering, Optical beams, Optical polarization, Optical resonators, Licenses. Abstract: Seeking the unprecedented ability of metasurfaces to manipulate terahertz waves in a desired manner has attracted increasing interest. We design and investigate a kind of multi-channel, polarization-dependent transmission-type dielectric metasurface-based terahertz beam splitter. It is numerically demonstrated that such metasurfaces can manipulate terahertz beam, and split it into four channels with alterable angles and orthogonal polarizations, under the linearly polarized incidence with both the x- and y-polarization components. The suggested regime may alleviate the shortage of advanced multifunctional devices and provide extra freedom for terahertz functional device design. |
18,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Three-Point Synchrophasor Estimator With Better Off-Nominal Frequency Leakage Reduction, and key words: Frequency estimation, Discrete Fourier transforms, Estimation, Phasor measurement units, Oscillators, Power system dynamics, Power systems. Abstract: Synchronous phasor measurements have long been an important tool in power flow modelling and network state estimation as well as in many other tasks that support power grid observability. Classic phasor estimation algorithms are often preferred over complex alternatives. They are based on a variant of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) while relying on a sampling frequency locked to the system nominal frequency. The spectral leakage caused by the small off-nominal frequency excursions in such settings introduces errors that are handled by the estimation algorithms to a different extent. Well-known three-point averaging filter (3P) is a low-cost spectral leakage reduction technique in one of the simplest estimators based on a single-bin DFT. However, it only partially removes the oscillating components. When an independent standard-based frequency tracking is available, the errors can be further compensated with minimal cost. We propose a frequency-corrected three-point estimator (F3P) to eliminate the induced spurious spectrum progressively with the increasing sampling rate while building on the analytical expression of the remaining error. We show performance benefits of the F3P under finite sampling rates when compared to the baseline 3P and to the classical Interpolated DFT (IPDFT) in static conditions. The F3P removes most of the leakage without the need of data resampling. In less ideal conditions with additive 50-dB noise, up to a 10-fold reduction of the 3P error is achieved. The error ratio of the reference IPDFT over the F3P is approximately 1.4 under the same conditions and largely independent of the frequency excursion. The presented simulation results prove the algorithm's superior performance in most of the steady-state tests defined by the relevant Standard, whereas the dynamic performance can be brought to an acceptable level by the use of a single-cycle observation window, with the response times comparable to those of the IPDFT. |
18,140 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Resilient Sparse Voltage Control of Low-Voltage DC Microgrids, and key words: Linear systems, Low voltage, Uncertainty, Systematics, Europe, Microgrids, Interconnected systems. Abstract: This paper presents a robust resilient sparse voltage control framework for low-voltage DC microgrids consisting of multiple distributed generation (DG) units with uncertain loads. To this end, a multiple-DG DC microgrid with arbitrary topology is cast as a linear time-invariant (LTI) interconnected system subject to structured uncertainty. By means of this modeling framework, a systematic convex-optimization-based approach for the design of sparse voltage control is proposed. The proposed voltage control strategy regulates the voltage of DG units at the point of common couplings and is simultaneously robust, resilient, and sparse. The effectiveness of the proposed sparse control scheme is verified through detailed simulation case studies. |
18,141 | Please write an abstract with title: Bearing damage detection via wavelet packet, and key words: Wavelet packets, Stators, Frequency, Wavelet analysis, Induction motors, Discrete wavelet transforms, Equations, Vibrations, Rotors, Fault detection. Abstract: Bearing faults are one of the major causes of motor failures. The bearing defects induce vibration resulting in the modulation of the stator current. In this paper, the stator current is analyzed via wavelet packet decomposition to detect beating defects. The proposed method enables the analysis of frequency bands that can accommodate the rotational speed dependence of the beating-defect frequencies. The wavelet packet decomposition also provides a better treatment of nonstationary stator current than currently used Fourier techniques. |
18,142 | Please write an abstract with title: A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters, and key words: galaxies: evolution, galaxies: luminosity function, mass function, galaxies: clusters: general. Abstract: We use imaging from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey to characterize the dynamical state of 288 galaxy clusters at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 detected in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect survey (SPT-SZ). We examine spatial offsets between the position of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the centre of the gas distribution as traced by the SPT-SZ centroid and by the X-ray centroid/peak position from Chandra and XMM data. We show that the radial distribution of offsets provides no evidence that SPT SZ-selected cluster samples include a higher fraction of mergers than X-ray-selected cluster samples. We use the offsets to classify the dynamical state of the clusters, selecting the 43 most disturbed clusters, with half of those at z ≳ 0.5, a region seldom explored previously. We find that Schechter function fits to the galaxy population in disturbed clusters and relaxed clusters differ at z > 0.55 but not at lower redshifts. Disturbed clusters at z > 0.55 have steeper faint-end slopes and brighter characteristic magnitudes. Within the same redshift range, we find that the BCGs in relaxed clusters tend to be brighter than the BCGs in disturbed samples, while in agreement in the lower redshift bin. Possible explanations includes a higher merger rate, and a more efficient dynamical friction at high redshift. The red-sequence population is less affected by the cluster dynamical state than the general galaxy population. |
18,143 | Please write an abstract with title: A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Interior Halbach Arrays, and key words: Permanent magnet machines, Stator cores, Magnetic flux, Torque, Windings, Rotors, Power electronics. Abstract: Regular permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines with Halbach arrays are mostly surface-mounted, which are only suitable for low-speed applications. In this paper, a PM synchronous machine with interior Halbach arrays is proposed for both low-speed and high-speed operations. The stator core and winding are the same with regular PM machines, while the key difference is the rotor PM structure, i.e. one PM pole is composed of two embedded PMs and a sandwiched spoke PM. The unique rotor configuration offers higher torque density, efficiency, overload and flux weakening capabilities than regular PM machines. Besides, in order to further reduce the torque ripple of the proposed PM machine with interior Halbach arrays, the rotor notching is introduced. |
18,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Emission Spectra of Metals Experimental Study by Contactless Optical Spectroscopy Methods, and key words: Optical fibers, Integrated optics, Stimulated emission, Metals, Process control, Optical distortion, Information filters. Abstract: Experimental studies to study the emission spectra of metals excited by a low-voltage electric arc using spectroscopic systems based on a multichannel optical spectrometer, a diffraction grating spectral device with a high-order diffraction grating, and a spectral device based on an acousto-optical tunable filter are carried out. Spectrograms are obtained, the analysis of which makes it possible to have comprehensive information about the state of this process and to control it. |
18,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Linear Time Reconciliation With Bounded Transfers of Genes, and key words: Vegetation, Computational modeling, Labeling, Optimization, Complexity theory, Cognition, Biological system modeling. Abstract: Tree reconciliation is a general framework for investigating the mutual influence between gene and species trees according to the <i>parsimony principle</i>, that is, to each evolutionary event a cost is assigned and the goal is to find a reconciliation of minimum total cost. The resulting optimization problem is known as the <i>reconciliation problem</i>. Usually, the considered events are: <i>co-divergence</i>, gene <i>Duplication</i>, <i>horizontal gene Transfer</i>, and gene <i>Loss</i> (DTL model), while in a more conservative setting, gene transfers are not allowed (DL model). The reconciliation problem requires, in the DL model, time linear in the dimension of the two trees and at least quadratic time in the DTL model. Hence, it is reasonable to argue that the introduction of horizontal gene transfers increases the complexity of the problem. Instead, we introduce horizontal gene transfers with some constraints and prove that the problem is still linear in the dimension of the trees. Namely, we allow gene transfers of length bounded by $k=2$, on the basis of the observation that transfers are more likely to occur between closely related species than between distantly related ones. Then we extend the same reasonings to the case in which $k>2$ under additional constrains. In this paper we study also another problem related to the reconciliation one, that is optimally rooting one of the two trees when it is not, and also for it we prove similar results. The relevance of this contribution lies in showing that, in the transit from the DL to the DTL model, the computational time does not increase suddenly to quadratic but remains linear in the case when gene transfers are very short (i.e., happening between very close genes). |
18,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Piston-by-Piston Detailed Modeling of A Novel Hydro-Mechanical Transmission, and key words: hydro-mechanical transmission, compact, two-shafted pump, distributor valve mechanism, efficiency. Abstract: A hydro-mechanical transmission (HMT) is a continuously variable transmission that transmits power both mechanically and hydraulically. Typically, a HMT consists of one or more planetary gear-sets and a pair of hydraulic pump/motors, making it bulky and expensive. A novel structure of HMT named the Hondamatic only consisted a two-shafted piston pump and a variable displacement piston motor, making it very compact. The two-shafted piston pump plays the role of a planetary gear and the piston barrels of the pump and motor are dual-used for mechanical transmission. This paper analyzes the operating principle of the Hondamatic and its performance through detailed modeling. The model considering the kinematics, inertial and compressibility dynamics as well as the mechanical and volumetric losses. Modeling concepts for axial piston pump/motors are adapted to the Hondamatic to result in a dynamic model with tunable parameters to analyze the operation, dynamics and efficiency. The friction between the pistons and piston bores, the throttling loss of the distributor valves and the leakage from the piston bores are the main power losses in the Hondamatic. The overall efficiency of the Hondamatic is above 80% under most working condition according to the simulation results, which makes the Hondamatic high efficient and very compact meanwhile. |
18,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint Optimization of UAV Trajectory and Relay Ratio in UAV-Aided Mobile Edge Computation Network, and key words: Task analysis, Delays, Relays, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Base stations, Servers, Trajectory. Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided mobile edge computing network can help resource-constrained users to complete time-sensitive tasks. In recent years, UAV has attracted extensive attention due to their flexibility and low cost. However, UAV's computing power is limited, and how to provide reliable low-delay services for edge users is one of the critical issues. To solve this question, we design a scheme in which UAV and ground base stations cooperate to serve users. When the user offloads the task to the UAV, the UAV can relay some tasks to the ground base station through millimeter-wave to obtain lower calculation delay. We jointly optimize user offload strategy, relay ratio, UAV trajectory, and bit allocation to minimize computational delay for all users. We propose an improved alternating optimization algorithm, which transforms the non-convex problem into three subproblems and obtains the optimal solution through multiple iterations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively enhance the computing power of the system and reduce the user's delay significantly. |
18,148 | Please write an abstract with title: A consideration of blind source separation for non-linear mixture, and key words: Blind source separation, Probability density function, Density functional theory, Cost function, Entropy, Biomedical measurements, Computer simulation, Convolution, Tin, Silicon compounds. Abstract: In a conventional blind source separation, we assume linear channel for mixed process. But, in many cases, the channels for biomedical signals are nonlinear channel. So we cannot use the conventional method. Then, we present non-liner model using Volterra series, and we propose a new blind source separation method for non-liner model. |
18,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Proceedings at thirteenth ordinary general meeting, and key words: Heating systems, Voting, Task analysis, Regulation, Public speaking, Proposals, Micromechanical devices. Abstract: The thirteenth ordinary general meeting of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers was held in the Lecture Theatre of the South African School of Mines, Johannesburg, on Thursday, the 9th February, 1911, at 8 p.m., the President, Mr. J. H. Rider, being introduced to the chair by Mr. W. Elsdon Dew. |
18,150 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance comparison of single-user pre-equalization techniques for uplink MC-CDMA systems, and key words: Multicarrier code division multiple access, Multiuser detection, OFDM, Frequency response, Multiaccess communication, Radio transmitters, Computer simulation, Downlink, Land mobile radio, Base stations. Abstract: In this paper the possibility of using pre-equalization on the uplink of a MC-CDMA system is investigated. Specifically, different single-user techniques are analyzed together with two approaches to limit the transmit power. Results of computer simulations show that pre-equalization is a very effective technique for the uplink and that several single-user techniques, with different degrees of complexity, can be applied. |
18,151 | Please write an abstract with title: TOA & DOA distributions in a 2D semi-geometrical model for ultra-wideband fading channels, and key words: Ultra wideband technology, Fading, Scattering, Azimuth, Mathematics, Mathematical model, Power system modeling, Frequency, Power distribution, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: This paper presents the open literature's first marginal probability-density-functions of a UWB propagation system's uplink multipaths time-of-arrival (TOA) and azimuth direction-of-arrival (DOA), rigorously derived via thorough mathematics based on a "semi-geometrical" model of the two-dimensional (2D) spatial relationships among the user, the scatterers, and the base-station (BS). The spatial density of the scattered surrounding the user adopts the frequency-dependent received power distribution incorporating Gaussian distribution of scatterers around the user. |
18,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Decision tree based duration prediction in Mandarin, and key words: Decision trees, Speech synthesis, Databases, Laboratories, Speech processing, Predictive models, Natural languages, Greedy algorithms, Additives, Degradation. Abstract: This paper reports the methodology and results of decision tree based duration prediction for Mandarin text-to-speech system developed by the FUJITSU Laboratories. Syllable initials and finals are the basic units in our duration study. In this paper, the factors that influence the finals such as phrase boundary and phone context are discussed in detail. Experiments show that the prosodic factor of whether the right phrase boundary level is prosodic word or higher level is the most important determinant of duration. Furthermore, the degree of phrase boundary vowel lengthening may vary depending on the different kinds of finals. And this paper also explains the methods for objective evaluation of the performance of the duration prediction model. |
18,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning-based Image Restoration for Low-Power and Lossy Networks, and key words: Deep learning, Training, Image coding, Superresolution, Packet loss, Propagation losses, Distortion. Abstract: Multimedia Internet of Things (IoMT) is witnessing explosive growth due to its applications in multiple areas. To cope with limited resources of low-power and lossy networks (LLN), it is common that: (i) images are captured with a degraded quality due to limited camera capabilities, (ii) a low-cost lossy compression is applied to reduce the amount of data to deliver which introduces additional distortion and (iii) transmissions are prone to losses that induce holes in the images, further degrading their quality and making them difficult to use. In this work, we propose a complete efficient encoding-transmission-reconstruction chain. In addition to the use of a low complexity image compression method, an appropriate packetization scheme is proposed. At the destination, more powerful resources are leveraged to apply deep learning models to compensate for the distortion caused by the adopted lossy compression as well as to fill in the holes induced by packet losses. The obtained results show the effectiveness of our proposal. |
18,154 | Please write an abstract with title: Data Fusion for IoMT in Shiping, and key words: Marine vehicles, Temperature measurement, Temperature sensors, Biomedical measurement, Medical diagnostic imaging, Electrocardiography. Abstract: Combining information from different devices and upgrading it with analysis of the data obtained, both at a particular time and in the development of processes is one of the foundations of personal medicine. It needs to integrate the system for personalized medicine for the crews of ships is unquestionable. The main challenge for such a system is to simultaneously meet all the requirements posed by personal medical systems and the specifics of the ship and the life and work of it. |
18,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Interactive Whiteboards in Extended Reality for Advanced Control System Design, and key words: Presses, Extended reality, Control design, Frequency-domain analysis, Transfer functions, Ink, Trajectory. Abstract: From chalkboards to whiteboards to interactive digital solutions, significant progress has been achieved in the past decades from the perspective of technological advances. Applications of interactive whiteboards are manifold and span across classrooms, business meetings and industrial practices alike. In this paper, we explore the convergence of several technological advances towards as single focal point—user experience with control system design in an extended reality (XR) environment. The main research question is related to understanding the aspects of using an interactive whiteboard in an XR environment with a specific manipulator that is represented by a specialized physical pen that appears to the user in extended reality while being tracked in the real environment. Furthermore, we also provide the description of the proposed testing system involving several software environments and describe the type of control design experiment that is performed. Some experimental results are presented and discussed. |
18,156 | Please write an abstract with title: NAS-PPG: PPG-Based Heart Rate Estimation Using Neural Architecture Search, and key words: Heart rate, Deep learning, Neural networks, Estimation, Medical services, Sensors, Motion measurement. Abstract: It is common for people to use wristband-type electronic devices such as smartwatches for routine healthcare services. Among the healthcare services provided by smartwatches, the method of measuring the heart rate (HR) during exercise is non-invasive and uses a photoplethysmogram (PPG); however, the disadvantage is that it is vulnerable to the motion artifacts (MAs) of the user. A technique for removing an MA from a PPG by using an accelerometer was studied and recently many studies were conducted based on deep learning-based algorithms. In this study, various preprocessing techniques were compared, and optimal preprocessing parameters were determined, and an improvement in the performance was achieved by using a model tuning technique. In addition, the model was optimized with hyperparameter search and neural architecture search using Neural Network Intelligence developed by Microsoft. As a result, the parameter was reduced by 75 times as compared to previous works, and the mean absolute error (MAE) was improved by 26%, from 7.65 BPM to 6.02 BPM. |
18,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of normalization of membership functions in premise region of generalized adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and key words: Adaptive systems, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy systems, Fuzzy logic, Space technology, Sun, Radial basis function networks, Fuzzy control. Abstract: This paper aims at the effects of various parameters on the normalized membership functions. Various types of membership functions have been considered and the effects of these different types of membership functions on normalization have been highlighted. Special attentions have been given to the change in the shape and reactivation of membership functions after normalization. |
18,158 | Please write an abstract with title: Fruit grading robot, and key words: Containers, Cameras, Manipulators, TV, Service robots, Robotics and automation, Robot vision systems, Inspection, Image processing, Sorting. Abstract: A grading robot for deciduous fruits such as peaches, pears, and apples to automatically provide fruits from containers and to inspect all sides of fruit was developed. The grading robot consists of a 3 DOF manipulator, 12 suction pads as end-effector, 12 color TV cameras, and 28 direct lights. 12 fruits were sucked up by a manipulator at a time and 12 bottom images of fruits were acquired during the manipulator moving to trays on a conveyor line. Before releasing the fruits to the trays, 4 side images of each fruit were acquired by rotating the suction pads for 270 degrees. The stroke of the manipulator was about 1.2 m and it took about 4.3 seconds to move back to the initial position that meant that this robot could grade three fruits per second. |
18,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Rewrite systems for symbolic evaluation of C-like preprocessing, and key words: Data preprocessing, Electronic mail, Software tools, Computer languages, Programming profession, Visualization, Concrete, Software maintenance, Information analysis. Abstract: Parsing of programs with preprocessing directives and conditional compilation is challenging. Symbolic evaluation offers a fundamental and general approach to solve the main difficulties. It can find, for every line of code, the Boolean expression under which it is compiled or reached and all the possible values of preprocessing variables (macros) for each line of code. Conditional values have been shown an effective representation to do fast practical symbolic evaluation of preprocessing; but their interaction with macro expansion and evaluation has not been formally investigated. We present convergent rewrite systems over conditional values that can interact with macro expansion and evaluation and transform them into Boolean expressions. Once transformed, well known simplification techniques for Boolean expressions can be applied. This entails a more complete solution to the efficient symbolic evaluation of C-preprocessing using conditional values. |
18,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Analysis and Active Stabilization of a Utility-Scale Grid-Connected Current-Source Inverter-Based PV System Considering Source Dynamics, and key words: Stability analysis, Power system dynamics, Power system stability, Resistance, Current control, Damping. Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of the dynamic properties of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) on the stability of a grid-connected current-source inverter (CSI)-based photovoltaic system and presents a simple yet effective active compensator to ensure system stability. A detailed equivalent model of the PVG that considers the dynamic resistance, diffusion capacitance, series inductance, and dc cable resistance and inductance is used, and the effects of these parameters are assessed. It has been found that when the PVG operates in the constant-current region (CCR), the phase margin becomes negative in the control-to-input dynamics, which alters the stability of the dc-link current control. The change in the system dynamics when the operating point of the PVG shifts from the constant-voltage region (CVR) to CCR is verified through a detailed small-signal state-space model of the complete system. Furthermore, an active compensator is proposed to ensure stable dc-link current control operation at all operating points of the PVG. The influence of different control parameters on the integrated system dynamics is examined to determine the range of the control parameters required for stable operation. The performance of the proposed system under utility-grid fault, grid voltage parameter variation, weak grid, and changes in insolation level is also evaluated. Detailed nonlinear time-domain simulation results, using a typical utility-scale CSI-based PV system, validate the analytical results and the effectiveness of the proposed active stabilization under different operating conditions. |
18,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Train Resources Conflict Detection of NGTC Based on Probabilistic Timed Automata, and key words: Analytical models, Protocols, Costs, Stochastic processes, Automata, Tools, Model checking. Abstract: The conflict resolution of the multi-train competition Object Controller (OC) resources play an important role in the typical Next Generation Train Control system (NGTC). Due to the nondeterministic communication stochastic behaviour between train and OC, the traditional conflict resolution methods such as graph theory and integer programming can not solve the resources conflict. In this paper, inspired by [1], we newly introduce a formal modeling method, namely probabilistic timed automata (PTA) to solve the conflict of train to OC communication in NGTC considering the communication stochastic behaviour. Firstly, the communication protocol of resource application between train and OC is defined according to the characteristics of train resource application in NGTC system. Secondly, based on PTA, the communication protocol model of resource application is established. Finally, a detail qualitative and quantitative formal analysis of the probabilistic characteristics has been made, such as the probability reachability, the number of conflicts and expected cost of message transmission, based on probabilistic model checking technology. The analysis results show that the defined protocol can be used to apply for resource message successfully without considering the message sending termination caused by the number of conflicts and the upper limit of time. |
18,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Arduino Advances in Web of Science. A Scientific Mapping of Literary Production, and key words: Education, Production, Bibliometrics, Tools, Software, Robots, Hardware. Abstract: Technology and computer learning have acquired a great projection in the field of education. Arduino arises from current technological innovations with the intention of promoting a new approach to learning through machines. The objective of this research is to analyze the evolution of the Arduino concept in the scientific literature. To achieve this aim, a bibliometric methodology based on scientific mapping and an analysis of co-words has been used. The scientific production of Arduino indexed in Web of Science has been analyzed. We have worked with an analysis unit of 346 documents. The results of this research show that the scientific production on Arduino in the field of education starts in 2010 until today. The communications in the congresses to present the results of the investigations developed are the most used means of diffusion. The National University of Distance Education and the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu are particularly noteworthy. The authors with more scientific production in this field of study are Bogdan, M. and Castro, M. It is significant that the collection of studies on this subject is carried out, above all, by EDULEARN Proceedings and INTED Proceedings. It can be concluded that the field of study on Arduino in the educational field is relatively recent, so that today, the basis for scientific research is still being established. However, the most relevant aspects in this field of study are physic experiments, computational thinking and computer-based learning. |
18,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase Compensation Algorithm of W-band Antenna Array Based on Fractional Delay FIR Filter, and key words: W-band, antenna array, Fractional delay, Parallel Farrow structure, FFAs. Abstract: Recently, steering the delays of signals from each antenna is gradually employed to compensate phase differences of antenna array, especially those in W-band. A common problem in design methods for delay modulation is either low delay accuracy or poor computation efficiency. In this paper, an algorithm employing fast FIR algorithm (FF A) is proposed to design the parallel Farrow structure of fractional delay FIR filter using. It can reduce 43.75% multiplier resources compared to traditional parallel structure and the delay accuracy can reach 0.01ns. Both simulation results in MATLAB and experimental results based on FPGA validate the algorithm. |
18,164 | Please write an abstract with title: An Efficient Regenerative Braking System Based on Battery- Ultracapacitor for Electric Vehicles, and key words: Technological innovation, Motor drives, Switching loss, DC-DC power converters, Voltage, Switches, Supercapacitors. Abstract: Electric Vehicles are silent and emissions are low. In regenerative braking technology, the motor can be used as a generator and is used to charge the electric vehicle battery. In above technology, the battery is not returned fully with regenerated energy. The motor armature loss and switching loss occurs during conversion. An energy storage system comprised of an ultra-capacitor module and nickel-metal hybride battery connected through a DC-DC converter to a PMDC motor for a motor drive system has been discussed in this paper. It is inferred from study that during braking, non-isolated topologies were used to store energy. A new DC-DC converter with isolated topology has been discussed and this Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) is compared with a standalone battery system. It is seen that the overall system efficiency is improved compared with standalone battery system. |
18,165 | Please write an abstract with title: 1364.1-2002 - IEEE Standard for Verilog Register Transfer Level Synthesis, and key words: IEEE Standards, Hardware design languages, Syntactics, Patents, Semantics, Registers. Abstract: Superseded by IEC/IEEE 62142-2005. To develop a standard syntax and semantics for Verilog RTL synthesis. This standard shall define the subset of IEEE 1364 (Verilog HDL) which is suitable for RTL synthesis and shall define the semantics of that subset for the synthesis domain. This standard shall be based on the current existing standard IEEE 1364. To define syntax and semantics which can be used in common by all compliant RTL synthesis tools to achieve uniformity of results in a similar manner to which simulation tools currently use the IEEE 1364 standard. This will allow users of synthesis tools to produce well-defined designs whose functional characteristics are independent of any particular synthesis implementation by making their design compliant with this developed standard. Standard syntax and semantics for Verilog ® HDL-based RTL synthesis are described inthis standard. |
18,166 | Please write an abstract with title: A Visualization Tool for Relationship between Source Code and Parse Tree Using VR, and key words: Visualization, Java, Three-dimensional displays, Navigation, Software algorithms, Virtual reality, Tools. Abstract: Software development process is composed of several activities such as planning, specification development, module design, algorithm design, coding, and test. Various documents are created through these processes, which are related each other as software configuration. Beginners such as student cannot understand mutual relationship within the software configuration well. Considering this situation, we propose and develop a visualization tool named VRale-SCM which shows these documents in 3D virtual reality space. The tool visualizes mutual relationship among the documents so that students can navigate the documents through the relationship. Students are thus expected to clearly understand the relationships by this tool. In this paper, we focus on the coding process. VRale-SCM visualizes relationship between Java source code and the parse tree. Name table is utilized to visualize correspondence among definition and reference of the same name within the source code and the corresponding parse tree. |
18,167 | Please write an abstract with title: Atom interferometry with ultra-cold atoms, and key words: Relativistic effects. Abstract: Summary form only given. Recent advances in the field of atom interferometry have opened the possibility of a new class of precise and accurate inertial force sensors. We have built laboratory prototypes of accelerometers, gravity gradiometers and gyroscopes based on atom interference principles which now perform at levels which compare favorably with other state-of-the-art sensors. These instruments, and their applications in science and technology, will be presented. Applications range from new tests of general relativity to the development of next generation inertial navigation systems. The possible impact of Bose-Einstein condensed atomic sources will be assessed in the context of these applications. In particular, proof-of-principle measurements of the acceleration due to gravity, based on an effect analogous to the AC Josephson effect, will be discussed, as well as methods which exploit squeezed atomic states to enhance measurement sensitivity. |
18,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Interdigitated backside buried contact solar cells, and key words: Photovoltaic cells, Production, Surface emitting lasers, Lighting, Costs, Boron, Voltage, Silicon compounds, Photonics, Australia. Abstract: Backside contact solar cells, such as point contact and interdigitated back contact designs, have demonstrated remarkable performance; however, they often require four to six photolithographic steps to fabricate the rear surface. The buried-contact solar cell technology offers a means to substitute photolithographic processing with laser-lithographic processing, which is currently utilized in large-scale commercial production of BP Solar's Saturn solar cells. In this paper, we describe experimental work to analyze and correct a shunt resistance problem found in interdigitated backside buried contact (IBBC) solar cells. Preliminary results show that IBBC solar cells have potential for high efficiency. |
18,169 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Magnetization State Control Method to Eliminate the Unintentional Demagnetization of Low-coercive Force Permanent Magnet for a Hybrid Magnet Memory Motor, and key words: Couplings, Magnetic flux, Torque, Magnetization, Force, Observers, Permanent magnet motors. Abstract: This paper proposes a novel magnetization state (MS) control method to eliminate the unintentional demagnetization (UD) of low-coercive force permanent magnet (PM) for variable flux memory motor (VFMM). In the proposed method, the dq-axis inductance properties under different MSs are analyzed. In the constant torque region, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control is utilized to improve the torque performance. A PM flux linkage observer is adopted to detect the UD, and a look-up table for the relationship between the MS change intersections and demagnetization d-axis current pulse is established. The demagnetization d-axis current pulse is used as the condition for the MSs manipulation, and thus, the maximum flux weakening d-axis current under certain MS can be determined to avoid the UD in the whole speed range. The simulation on a hybrid magnet memory motor system is carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed MS control method. |
18,170 | Please write an abstract with title: Mental imagery for a conversational robot, and key words: Image converters, Natural languages, Orbital robotics, Robot vision systems, Grounding, Context awareness, Navigation, Computer vision, Face detection, Manipulators. Abstract: To build robots that engage in fluid face-to-face spoken conversations with people, robots must have ways to connect what they say to what they see. A critical aspect of how language connects to vision is that language encodes points of view. The meaning of my left and your left differs due to an implied shift of visual perspective. The connection of language to vision also relies on object permanence. We can talk about things that are not in view. For a robot to participate in situated spoken dialog, it must have the capacity to imagine shifts of perspective, and it must maintain object permanence. We present a set of representations and procedures that enable a robotic manipulator to maintain a "mental model" of its physical environment by coupling active vision to physical simulation. Within this model, "imagined" views can be generated from arbitrary perspectives, providing the basis for situated language comprehension and production. An initial application of mental imagery for spatial language understanding for an interactive robot is described. |
18,171 | Please write an abstract with title: A Construction Tour Technique For Solving The Travelling Salesman Problem Based On Convex Hull And Nearest Neighbour Heuristics, and key words: Nearest Neighbour, Nearest Insertion, Convex Hull, heuristics, optimal solutions, TSP. Abstract: This study presents a construction tour technique (CH-NN) for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem based on the Convex-hull and Nearest Neighbor heuristics. The aim is to combine the advantages of both algorithms as well as minimize their substantial disadvantages. The algorithm was implemented using Python programming language running on Intel Pentium Core i7 3GHz, Windows 10 (64bit). Benchmark instances from TSPLIB were solved using the hybrid heuristics and compared with results from two classic construction heuristics, namely Nearest Neighbour (NN) and Nearest Insertion (NI). The experimental results show that the hybrid heuristic outperforms both NN and NI both in terms of computational speed and closeness to the optimal solution. |
18,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Radar-Crop-Monitor - Mapping Agricultural Conditions with Sentinel-1 Time Series, and key words: Radar, Agriculture, Vegetation mapping, Spaceborne radar, Optical filters, Time series analysis, Radar remote sensing. Abstract: This study explores the potential of Sentinel-1 time series to map field heterogeneities as an additional information into optical vegetation index products into operational farming practices. The presentation explains the data processing strategies as well as their analysis and validation to calculate the crop parameters. First results on the influence of different spatio-temporal speckle filters on the time series evaluation and the derivation of a first radar vegetation index are presented as well as the characteristics of field heterogeneities that were mapped with own drone surveys. |
18,173 | Please write an abstract with title: Dual and wide band internal planar antenna for wireless LAN, and key words: Broadband antennas, Planar arrays, Wireless LAN, Antenna feeds, Impedance, Antenna radiation patterns, Dual band, Bandwidth, Resonance, Electromagnetic radiation. Abstract: A dual and wide band internal antenna with a low profile, compact size and light-weight is required for a personal computer (PC) in high-speed wireless LAN systems, such as IEEE 802.11a using the 5 GHz band (5.15-5.875 GHz), and IEEE 802.11b/g using the 2.4 GHz band (2.4-2.5 GHz). Many types of antennas have been proposed and investigated. The paper proposes a compact dual and wide band internal planar antenna for a PC in wireless LAN systems. The results calculated using an electromagnetic simulator are described to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed antenna. Good impedance and radiation pattern characteristics are obtained. |
18,174 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust model reference adaptive control with disturbance rejection, and key words: Robust control, Adaptive control, Programmable control, Robust stability, Control systems, Control design, Adaptive systems, Convergence, Error correction, Finite element methods. Abstract: Given specific types of continuous time plants and disturbances of known and unknown waveform, we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with certain disturbance rejection and robustness properties. Furthermore, the combined error system is shown to be exponentially convergent to a neighborhood with radius proportional to the magnitude of the unmodeled disturbance. We conclude with a design application using a finite element model of AFRL's AMPSS/AASTREX testbed to illustrate the utility of the control law. |
18,175 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Based Classification of Military Cartridge Cases and Defect Segmentation, and key words: Surface treatment, Deep learning, Image segmentation, Surface morphology, Surface texture, Quality control, Object segmentation. Abstract: The final stage of the production process in the industry is quality control. Quality control answers the question of is there a defect on the surface of the products. Frequently the quality control is performed manually. The disadvantages of manual quality control are high error rate (low accuracy), low product rate (low performance) and high expense rate (high cost). The solution is automatic quality control using machine vision systems. These systems classify the products and segment the defects on their surfaces by processing the images taken by cameras during the production process in real-time. Some products like military cartridge cases have metallic, cylindrical, non-uniform texture and highly reflective surface. So, the quality of images is very important. Another factor that affects the accuracy is the non-uniform texture of the product surface. Distinguishing the product non-uniform texture from defect texture is a challenging problem. In previous works, this problem has been tried to be solved with image processing and deep learning techniques and the accuracy of 97% and 96% have been obtained, appropriately. According to NATO standards, the accuracy of the classification of the military cartridge cases should be above 99%. In this work, the methodology for classification of the military cartridge cases and segmentation of the defects on their surfaces with non-uniform texture is proposed to increase the accuracy. In scope of the proposed methodology the datasets with non-defective, defective, and labeled/masked image classes of the cartridge cases were created, the deep learning models to classify the military cartridge cases and segment the defects on their surfaces were proposed, implemented, and obtained results were evaluated using the metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, Jaccard Index (JI) and Mean Intersection over Union (mIoU). Obtained results showed that the proposed methodology increased the accuracy of classification to 100% with the DenseNet169 model and the F1-Score of segmentation to 92.1% with Improved U-Net and ResUnet models. |
18,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Recent development in the Naval Oceanographic Office survey operation center, and key words: Marine vehicles, Technology management, Bandwidth, Communication system operations and management, Computer network management, Quality management, Marine technology, Continuous improvement, Real time systems, Visualization. Abstract: The Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) operates a fleet of seven multidisciplinary survey ships deployed throughout the world dedicated to collecting hydrographic and oceanographic data. Leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) communication, network, enterprise management, and system integration technologies, NAVOCEANO developed a Survey Operations Center (SOC) focused on the continuous improvement of survey quality and reduction of the time required to deliver product to clients. The COTS components include rsync as a file replication system, IBM MQ Series as a real-time message bus, and Computer Associates Unicenter as an enterprise management system. In addition, Perl is used as an integration language, and various web/visualization and database technologies are incorporated into the design. The SOC infrastructure was initially developed to support both continuous asymmetrical high bandwidth (2.048-Mbit ship to shore/384-Kbit shore to ship) and was subsequently adapted to support dial-up symmetrical low bandwidth (64-Kbit) communication links. This paper reviews the technical aspects of the SOC infrastructure to be implemented into the operational environment in 2003 and beyond. It concentrates on the COTS technologies that were assembled into a unified system, how the system was connected to the existing ship data acquisition systems, and information transport mechanisms. It also covers changes in the bandwidth requirements, implementation schedule, as well as the use of enterprise management, network management tools, and web and other technologies to make the information available to the scientists throughout NAVOCEANO. |
18,177 | Please write an abstract with title: TBI2Vec: Traumatic Brain Injury Smartphone Sensing using AutoEncoder Embeddings, and key words: Sociology, Big Data, Feature extraction, Sensors, Trajectory, Personnel, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: TBI causes distress to millions of individuals and can lead to significant motor, cognitive and emotional deficits. However, TBI patients are currently assessed infrequently especially in-between scheduled appointments. To facilitate passive, remote, population-level ailment monitoring, we propose TBI2Vec, a TBI sensing framework that continuously assesses smartphone users by using machine learning to classify smart-phone sensor features encoded as autoencoder embeddings. Passive smartphone sensing of TBI enables a small medical team to monitor a large population of patients passively and detect TBI early. In analyzing a large, real, crowd-sourced smartphone sensor TBI dataset, we extracted 106 statistical features from raw smartphone sensor data, from which we generated autoencoder embeddings that are then classified to distinguish TBI subjects from non-TBI subjects. In rigorous evaluations, we found that classifying the features encoded using embeddings outperformed the same models without embeddings. The dimension reduction process of generating autoencoder embeddings retained the most discriminative in-formation while eliminating non-discriminative ones, boosting classification both accuracy and generalizability. Even for our imbalanced dataset, using embeddings performed better than baseline models in classifying the minority class. In rigorous evaluation, using embeddings increased the F-beta(0.5) by 34-71%, decreased the False Negative Rate (FNR) by 20-100% and significantly reduced the cross-fold variation of accuracies achieved during k-fold cross validation. TBI2Vec was able to detect TBI occurrence as early as 24 hours after injury. Random Forest performed the best and a window size of 2 days 12 hours gave the best results. TBI2Vec achieved an F-beta (0.5) score of 83.0% with a True Negative Rate (TNR) of 96.0% and False Negative Rate of 33.0% by correctly identifying TBI subjects. |
18,178 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Method for Measuring Object Size Using 3D Camera, and key words: Interpolation, Three-dimensional displays, Object detection, Manuals, Size measurement, Cameras, Logistics. Abstract: This paper proposes a method to automatically measure object size with high accuracy by a structure-light based stereo camera system. The approach includes four steps namely preprocessing, object detection, key points extraction and depth interpolation before size calculation. The RGB and depth frames are firstly aligned in the preprocessing step. Then, the object is detected by depth threshold and key points are extracted by Shi-Tomasi corner detector combined with our proposed key point extraction algorithm. An interpolation algorithm is developed to handle incorrect depth at the edge of objects. Last but not least, the object dimensions are calculated by Euclidean distance through the 3D coordinate of the key points. Experimental results of three-object measurement show that average accuracy is about 99% which is close to those of manual and theoretical methods. These also outperform the results of recently published papers. |
18,179 | Please write an abstract with title: Universal Approach for Estimating the RMS Measurement Error Caused by ADC Nonlinearity, and key words: Measurement errors, Sigma-delta modulation, Software packages, Current measurement, Measurement uncertainty, Stochastic processes, Transfer functions. Abstract: Currently, the root mean square value (RMS) is one of the most informative parameter of electrical power networks. To measure the RMS, digital measurement methods are applied, which are based on the processing of the signal samples. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are used to obtain signal samples and the transfer function of which are not ideal. In most cases, the greatest contribution to ADC measurement error produced by ADC nonlinearity, which cannot be eliminated by zero-adjusting or calibration of the measurement channel. The ADC nonlinearity form is individual for each specific ADC chip, however, it has some general patterns in accordance with ADC architecture. Sigma-delta ADCs are characterized by a smooth nonlinearity form, while successive approximation register (SAR) and pipelined ADCs characterizes a nonlinearity form close to stochastic. This paper proposes an approach for describing the ADC nonlinearity conversion function, based on the application of sinusoidal function. By varying of the nonlinearity oscillation number, the ADC nonlinearity curve of sigma-delta, SAR or pipelined architectures can be effectively modeled. The influence of the ADC parameters and the input signal parameters on the RMS measurement error is investigated. Analytical relationships have been obtained that make it possible to estimate the RMS measurement error by applying the ADC and input signal parameters for the considered method of nonlinearity describing. A method is proposed for choosing the parameters of harmonic function applied for ADC nonlinearity approximation, based on an analysis of the ADC parameters and a nonlinearity typical form. Simulation modeling was performed by Matlab software package. The comparison of the proposed method for describing ADC nonlinearity and existing methods is performed. |
18,180 | Please write an abstract with title: A Collaborative Filtering Algorithm based on Entropy and Trust Optimized Neighbor Selection, and key words: Collaborative filtering, Conferences, Prediction algorithms, Collaborative work, Entropy, Information entropy, Optimization. Abstract: The Collaborative filtering (CF) is an emerging technology that deals with overload problems by providing recommendations for products that users may be interested in. Neighbor selection is a key part of the recommendation process. The traditional collaborative filtering algorithm not only does not consider the recommendation contribution ability of neighbor users to the target user, but also does not consider the impact of the user’s rate difference, which leads to untrusted similarity and increases the proportion of pseudo-nearest neighbors in the neighbor set. Aiming at these problems, a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on entropy and trust optimization of neighbors is proposed. The proposed method uses user entropy to calculate user rating distribution characteristics, and measures the recommendation contribution ability between users through the difference in rating distribution. Analyze the difference in rating differences between users through the method of rapid prediction, and tap the trust among users. Finally, the dual criteria are used to jointly calculate the recommended weights and construct a set of nearest neighbors. Empirical outcomes substantiate that the proposed method accurately selects the set of nearest neighbors and significantly improves recommendation accuracy of traditional collaborative filtering algorithms. |
18,181 | Please write an abstract with title: Sampled data hereditary systems: Linear quadratic theory, and key words: Optimal control, Control systems, Automatic control, Least squares approximation, Aerodynamics, Observability, Matrices, Strontium, Costs, Weight control. Abstract: Sampling is introduced as a way to study control and estimation questions for the linear hereditary (delay) systems. Special emphasis is given to the formulation of the quadratic cost (discrete-time version) and the possibility of computer implementation of the control algorithm. The simplifying assumption for computer implementation is that the control value is to remain constant between the sampling times. The techniques of optimization associated with dynamic programming then provide the recurrence relationships from which the feedback gains of the controller can be determined. |
18,182 | Please write an abstract with title: Motivational Game-Theory P2P Energy Trading: A Case Study in Malaysia, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Solar energy, Peer-to-peer computing, Numerical models, Smart grids, Solar power generation, Sustainable development. Abstract: Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading allows surplus energy to be traded between distributed energy resources (DER) and prosumers in the community microgrid. In Malaysia, P2P energy trading is still under development, where it is expected to be exclusively participated by commercial and industrial prosumers. This paper proposes how a motivational psychology framework can be used effectively to design P2P energy trading to increase user participation for residential prosumer. All the data such as power consumption and solar energy value are adjusted and modelled in such a way to facilitate the calculation of P2P energy trading in Malaysia. An auction-based P2P market clearing model is then proposed and solved by using the Linear Programming optimization approach. The numerical results show the sustainability and the potential of the proposed P2P energy trading model to attract residential customers to participate in energy trading. |
18,183 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral reduction image processing techniques, and key words: Image processing, Principal component analysis, Covariance matrix, Matrix decomposition, Singular value decomposition, Discrete wavelet transforms, Vectors, Linear discriminant analysis, Costs, Wavelet analysis. Abstract: Very high-resolution imagery (spatial or spectral) comes at a cost, large files for manipulation and the curse of dimensionality. To overcome these problems, it becomes necessary to reduce the spectral dimensionality of the data with a minimum loss of information. Several techniques will be examined in this paper. These include principal component analysis, singular value decomposition, greedy search, discrete wavelet transform greedy search, and self-organizing maps. The methods are applied to very high spectral resolution data, and results are compared. |
18,184 | Please write an abstract with title: State Representation of Eccentricity-Limited Targets for Bistatic Space Surveillance Radar Design, and key words: Space vehicles, Transmitters, Spaceborne radar, Surveillance, Receivers, Aerospace electronics, Bistatic radar. Abstract: Knowing the parameter space of target dynamics helps designing and controlling a radar. For spaceborne targets, several state representations exist, each useful for different purposes. We present a method for determining the velocity of a resident space object at a given angle and range towards the observing radar receiver from its orbital parameters of eccentricity, longitude of ascending node and argument of periapsis. This enables the definition of a target state at a fixed position while preserving a dependency on the target's orbital eccentricity. From that the maximum duration of the Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) for a bistatic radar is computed for all targets at a fixed angle towards the receiver with eccentricities below a given limit. This allows to analyse if additional signal processing for focussing the target echo on a resolution cell is necessary. |
18,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Knowledge management and the semantic Web: from scenario to technology, and key words: Knowledge management, Semantic Web, Speech, Technology management, Web sites, World Wide Web, HTML, Markup languages, XML, Ontologies. Abstract: This article describes a new vision of the semantic Web as a knowledge management environment introduces new requirements, including the ability to semiautomatically learn ontologies and extract metadata. The article's general tenor, and particularly their scenario demonstrating how the semantic Web might be used, was directed toward identifying and using services on the Web. The pursuit of this vision continues. |
18,186 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on the Concept and Architecture of Intelligent SAR System, and key words: intelligence, cognition, SAR, system architecture. Abstract: Intelligentization is the trend of the development of SAR system. On the basis of cognitive radar, the concept of intelligent SAR system is discussed from the perspective of application and development of SAR system. Starting from the source of optimization of target information extraction, the architecture of Networked Intelligent SAR system and single system intelligent SAR are presented, and the key technologies involved are analyzed. |
18,187 | Please write an abstract with title: Interference resistant receivers for WCDMA MIMO downlink, and key words: Multiaccess communication, MIMO, Downlink, RAKE receivers, Fading, Multiple access interference, Mean square error methods, Equalizers, Wideband, Detectors. Abstract: Optimal and suboptimal spatial maximum a posteriori (MAP) receivers in a concatenation of linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizer structure are presented for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems. The performance of a list sphere detector is compared to that of the spatial MAP and LMMSE-MAP receivers. The complexity of the receivers is also discussed. Finally, the LMMSE-MAP based receivers are proposed for the frequency selective fading channels where LMMSE part mitigates the multiple access interference (MAI) and inter-antenna interference (IAI) is mitigated by the spatial MAP or its approximation. Remarkable performance gains compared to the conventional rake receiver are observed in computer simulations with realistic WCDMA system parameters. |
18,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning Classification with Noisy Labels, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Costs, Face recognition, Tagging, Multimedia databases, Noise measurement. Abstract: Deep Learning systems have shown tremendous accuracy in image classification, at the cost of big image datasets. Collecting such amounts of data can lead to labelling errors in the training set. Indexing multimedia content for retrieval, classification or recommendation can involve tagging or classification based on multiple criteria. In our case, we train face recognition systems for actors identification with a closed set of identities while being exposed to a significant number of perturbators (actors unknown to our database). Face classifiers are known to be sensitive to label noise. We review recent works on how to manage noisy annotations when training deep learning classifiers, independently from our interest in face recognition. |
18,189 | Please write an abstract with title: A direct method for the construction of nonlinear discrete-time observer with linearizable error dynamics, and key words: Nonlinear dynamical systems, Nonlinear systems, Design methodology, Chaos, Observers, State estimation, Difference equations, Mathematics, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Error correction. Abstract: We provide a direct method for the design of nonlinear discrete-time observers by a construction of a change of variables. An explicit expression of the change of variables is given. Some simulations for chaotic systems, such as Lozi system and He/spl acute/non system, are provided to illustrate the proposed method. |
18,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Modelling a Sustainable Approach toward Logistical Functions at PAL Aerospace Services Aircraft Maintenance in the UAE, and key words: Productivity, Standards organizations, Companies, Maintenance engineering, Safety, Stakeholders, Aircraft. Abstract: The research was developed to improve the logistical functions for further implement and enhancement-towards a selected corporation that serves in the field of aviation, maintenance, and logistics. The research conducted covers various methodologies that involve qualitative and quantitative approach enlightened through different literature review, articles, books, interviews, and journals. A survey was distributed to the workers, managers, and others in the selected corporation. It identified the importance of implementing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) within any organization and demonstrated the vitality of establishing Standardized Operational Procedures that has to be completed when logistical and mobilization of goods functions are fulfilled. These functions would include the handling, transporting, and storage of all sort of goods, components, items, and parts. Alternative solutions and recommendations were provided to assist and enhance the current operations and activities that are completed within the selected service provider corporation in addition to any other similar corporations that may benefit from the research findings. |
18,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of single sign-on, and key words: File servers, Public key, Authentication, Access control, Network servers, Cryptography, Computer science, Laboratories, Information security, Technology management. Abstract: As IT systems proliferate to support business processes, users typically have to sign-on to multiple systems, necessitating an equivalent number of sign-on dialogues. Single sign-on can resolve the problem well. We first introduce the situation which makes the SSO becomes necessary. Then we elaborate the first version of our system and analyze its problems. Next, we improve the first version and propose the second version. Finally, we analyse the system and acknowledge the problems left open |
18,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Principal Component Analyses Are Used To Study The Influential Factors On Household Consumption, and key words: Analytical models, Linear regression, Signal processing, Mathematical models, Data models, Principal component analysis, Least mean squares methods. Abstract: Household consumption has been in a crucial position in China’s national economy and is also one of the hot topics in modern society. This paper selected cross-sectional data of each indicator from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the China Statistical Yearbook from 20152019, and conducted an in-depth study of the factors influencing residents' consumption. First of all, the data were standardized by using SPSS to eliminate the effect of dimensionality, then four principal components that can represent most of the information of the original variables were selected through principal component analysis, a multiple linear regression model was established, and model parameters were estimated using the least squares method, finally empirical regression equation was obtained for the dependent variable on the nine explanatory variables. Meanwhile, the social environment was analyzed in relation to the factors that influence the consumption of residents and corresponding suggestions were given. |
18,193 | Please write an abstract with title: Mach-Zehnder Modulator Based on Low Loss Hybrid Plasmon Polariton Waveguide, and key words: Optical losses, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, Bandwidth, Voltage, Insertion loss, Propagation losses, Plasmons. Abstract: A low-loss hybrid plasmon polariton polymer modulator is proposed. A half-wave voltage-length product of $0.078 \mathrm{V}\cdot$ mm and a propagation loss of 0.2 dB/mm are estimated, together with over 650 GHz bandwidth for a $10- \mu \mathrm{m}$-long device. |
18,194 | Please write an abstract with title: SMURF: Self-Teaching Multi-Frame Unsupervised RAFT with Full-Image Warping, and key words: Optical losses, Computer vision, Computational modeling, Estimation, Computer architecture, Benchmark testing, Data models. Abstract: We present SMURF, a method for unsupervised learning of optical flow that improves state of the art on all benchmarks by 36% to 40% (over the prior best method UFlow) and even outperforms several supervised approaches such as PWC-Net and FlowNet2. Our method integrates architecture improvements from supervised optical flow, i.e. the RAFT model, with new ideas for unsupervised learning that include a sequence-aware self-supervision loss, a technique for handling out-of-frame motion, and an approach for learning effectively from multi-frame video data while still only requiring two frames for inference. |
18,195 | Please write an abstract with title: A LoRa-Based Emotion Estimation Scheme for Smart Home Automated Actions Using ELMs, and key words: Wireless communication, Smart cities, Transmitters, Ecosystems, Estimation, Prototypes, Smart homes. Abstract: Emotion detection is crucial in many IoT deployments from an operational perspective with examples ranging from digital health to smart cities. This is particularly true in smart homes where the interaction between the local IoT ecosystem and the inhabitants are continuous, pervasive, and nuanced. More specifically, emotion estimation from human speech attributes is an integral architectural component of such ecosystems. In this work, we survey the emerging LPWAN technologies and after selecting the most optimal for our use-case, we propose an emotion estimation scheme based on LoRa wireless technology for automated actions in smart home environments. In particular, a voice recognition module coupled with a transmitter are installed in a car. Then, depending on the estimation outcome, the smart home may undertake one or more preemptive actions according to its configuration as the car passenger approaches. The prototype LoRa system has been tested with the widely-used TESS dataset with encouraging results as expressed in the emotion confusion matrix obtained from a extreme learning machine with various kernels. The preceding paves the way for adaptive smart homes tailored to the needs of their inhabitants. |
18,196 | Please write an abstract with title: Series Solution of Stochastic HJB Equations, and key words: Optimal control, Mathematical model, Standards, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Indium tin oxide, Aerospace electronics, Riccati equations. Abstract: We consider infinite horizon, stochastic, smooth optimal control problems in continuous time where the coefficients of the white Gaussian noise terms in the dynamics vanish at the origin. We show how the Taylor polynomials of the optimal cost and the optimal feedback can be computed degree by degree. This is a generalization of the work of Al'brekht who showed how the Taylor polynomials of the optimal cost and the optimal feedback for deterministic problems can be computed degree by degree. |
18,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal and Shortwave Infrared Remote Sensing of Ecosystem Processes: Opportunities, Synergies, and Challenges, and key words: Reflectivity, Uncertainty, Temperature, Biological system modeling, Ecosystems, Land surface, Land surface temperature. Abstract: Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the preeminent state variables that affects the ecosystem functioning and it also gets modulated due to biotic and abiotic ecosystem processes. Understanding the factors controlling LST and the impacts of LST on the ecosystem water-carbon exchanges are very often hindered due to (1) the effects of LST retrieval uncertainty and angular variation on different processes, (2) the lack of authentic physically-based models that link LST with ecosystem physiological properties. Moreover, the synergy of LST and water-sensitive shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands in ecosystem modelling is absent until now, which could enhance the application of LST. The planned Indo-French polar-orbiting mission TRISHNA (Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High-Resolution Natural resource Assessment) with its unprecedented spatial resolution and temporal revisit (57 m and 3 days noon-night observation capacity), 6 VSWIR and 4 TIR Bands in 8 – 12 m, will bring new insights to overcome these challenges. The optical-thermal observations will be used to attain LST, emissivity and surface reflectance with high accuracy and precision, underlying future scientific breakthroughs in understanding the energy-water-carbon exchange process. This paper briefly describes an overview of challenges in estimation of LST, role of thermal directionality and two of the most important ecosystem processes (evaporation and photosynthesis). The utility of SWIR reflectance in tandem with LST as a ‘signal of opportunity’ is also described. |
18,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Physiological Control Algorithm for a Pulsatile-flow 3D Printed Circulatory Model to Simulate Human Cardiovascular System, and key words: Training, Heart, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Surgery, Physiology, Software. Abstract: The human heart is responsible for maintaining constant, pulsatile blood flow in the human body. Mock circulatory loops (MCLs) have long been used as the mechanical representations of the human cardiovascular system and as test beds for mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices and other interventional medical devices. This technology could also be used as a training and educational tool for surgeons/clinicians. To ensure the MCL can accurately simulate the pulsatile human cardiovascular system, it is essential that the MCL can reproduce human physiological responses, e.g., the Frank-Starling Mechanism, in a controllable operating environment. In this study, by using an elastance function template to control the simulated left ventricle, we created controllable pulsatile physiological flow in a 3D printed silicone vascular structure to successfully simulate the hemodynamic environment of the human cardiovascular system. Clinical Relevance- This work will provide an in vitro test platform to simulate the human cardiovascular system. The accurate simulation of human cardiovascular anatomy and hemodynamic environment will allow this device to be an ideal training/educational tool for surgeons/clinicians to recreate various physiological conditions that cannot be created in vivo in animal or cadaver models. |
18,199 | Please write an abstract with title: Separation of tectonic and local components of horizontal GPS station velocities: a case study for glacial isostatic adjustment in East Antarctica, and key words: Glaciology, Plate motions, Satellite geodesy, Antarctica. Abstract: Accurate measurement of the local component of geodetic motion at GPS stations presents a challenge due to the need to separate this signal from the tectonic plate rotation. A pressing example is the observation of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) which constrains the Earth's response to ice unloading, and hence, contributions of ice-covered regions such as Antarctica to global sea level rise following ice mass loss. While both vertical and horizontal motions are of interest in general, we focus on horizontal GPS velocities which typically contain a large component of plate rotation and a smaller local component primarily relating to GIA. Incomplete separation of these components introduces significant bias into estimates of GIA motion vectors. We present the results of a series of tests based on the motions of GPS stations from East Antarctica: (1) signal separation for sets of synthetic data that replicate the geometric character of non-separable, and separable, GIA-like horizontal velocities; and (2) signal separation for real GPS station data with an appraisal of uncertainties. For both synthetic and real motions, we compare results where the stations are unweighted, and where each station is areal-weighted using a metric representing the inverse of the spatial density of neighbouring stations. From the synthetic tests, we show that a GIA-like signal is recoverable from the plate rotation signal providing it has geometric variability across East Antarctica. We also show that areal-weighting has a very significant effect on the ability to recover a GIA-like signal with geometric variability, and hence on separating the plate rotation and local components. For the real data, assuming a rigid Antarctic plate, fitted plate rotation parameters compare well with other studies in the literature. We find that 25 out of 36 GPS stations examined in East Antarctica have non-zero local horizontal velocities, at the 2σ level, after signal separation. We make the code for weighted signal separation available to assist in the consistent appraisal of separated signals, and the comparison of likely uncertainty bounds, for future studies. |
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