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Linguistic,regional rather than religious factors have been the basis of ethno-nationalism in India. Substantiate the arguments with adequate examples. (200 words)
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##Question:Linguistic,regional rather than religious factors have been the basis of ethno-nationalism in India. Substantiate the arguments with adequate examples. (200 words)##Answer:,
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How Indian model of Secularism differs from western model of Secularism? Discuss. (200 words)
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##Question:How Indian model of Secularism differs from western model of Secularism? Discuss. (200 words)##Answer:,
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Secularism should not only mean equal respect to all religion but allow disagreement with some aspects as well. Comment (200 words)
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##Question:Secularism should not only mean equal respect to all religion but allow disagreement with some aspects as well. Comment (200 words)##Answer:,
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Discuss the factors affecting the implementation of Article 44 of the Indian constitution. (200 words)
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##Question:Discuss the factors affecting the implementation of Article 44 of the Indian constitution. (200 words)##Answer:,
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With respect to the doctrine of essential religious practices, discuss the recent judgements in context of Triple Talaq and Sabrimala. (250 words)
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##Question:With respect to the doctrine of essential religious practices, discuss the recent judgements in context of Triple Talaq and Sabrimala. (250 words)##Answer:,
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Critically examine to what extent India is prepared to reap the benfits of Demographic Dividend. (250 words)
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##Question:Critically examine to what extent India is prepared to reap the benfits of Demographic Dividend. (250 words)##Answer:,
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Explain how biodiversity benefits humans in various ways. Also, Enumerate the major threats faced by biodiversity. (150 words/10 marks)
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Approach: Write a brief introduction either by defining biodiversity or by writing its significance in brief. In body write benefits of biodiversity in brief like Economic, Ecological, Recreational, Scio-cultural, etc. Then write major anthropogenic threats to biodiversity like- Pollution, habitat destruction, over-exploitation, etc. Conclude with the suggesting measures to conserve biodiversity. Answer: Biodiversity is the most precious gift of nature mankind is blessed with. As all the organisms in an ecosystem are interlinked and interdependent, the value of biodiversity in the life of all the organisms including humans is enormous. 1. Economic Value: The economic potential of biodiversity is immense in terms of food, fodder, medicinal, ethical, al and social values. Biodiversity forms the major resource for different industries, which govern the world economy. The salient features regarding the economical potential of biodiversity are given below: The major fuel sources of the world including wood and fossil fuels have their origin due to biodiversity. It is the source of food for all animals and humans. Many important chemicals have their origin from the diverse flora and fauna, used in various industries. Diverse group of animals is used for medical research during the testing of new drugs. 2. Ecosystem Services: These services also support human needs and activities such as intensely managed production ecosystems. Ecosystem service includes: The maintenance of freshwater quality by vegetation slowing runoff, trapping sediment and removing nutrients and by soil organisms breaking down pollutants; The production and maintenance of fertile soil as a result of many interacting processes; The provision of foods such as fish, pastures for Cattle, timber, firewood, etc. 3. Ethical and Moral Value: It is based on the principle of living and letting others live’. Ethical values related to biodiversity conservation are based on the importance of protecting all forms of life. All forms of life have the right to exist on earth. Man is only a small part of the Earth’s great family of species. 4. Aesthetic Value: The beauty of our planet is because of biodiversity, which otherwise would have resembled other barren planets dotted around the universe. Biological diversity adds to the quality of life and provides some of the most beautiful aspects of our existence. Biodiversity is responsible for the beauty of a landscape. 5. Spiritual Values: Elements of biodiversity can contribute to cultural identity, and many ecosystem characteristics are frequently incorporated into cultural traditions. For example, in folklore, local animals are used to symbolize societal values or to explain unusual events. Indigenous cultures sometimes recognize biodiversity’s value in religious traditions based on honouring the Earth. Proximity to nature has also been shown to enhance emotional and spiritual well-being. 6. Consumptive use value: This is related to natural products that are used directly for food, fodder, timber, fuel wood etc. Humans use at least 40,000 days and animals on a daily basis. Many people around the world still depend on wild species for most of their needs like food, shelter and clothing. The tribal people are completely dependent on the forests for their daily needs. 7. Productive Use Value: This is assigned to products that are commercially harvested and marketed. Almost all the present date crops have originated from wild varieties. Biotechnologists continuously use the wild species of plants for developing new, better yielding, and disease-resistant varieties. Biodiversity represents the original stock from which new varieties are being developed. The present-day world is experiencing a lot of threats to Biodiversity. They are as follows: 1. Destruction of Habitats: It is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity on Earth. Dynamite fishing, boat anchorages, and oil spills have severely destroyed coral reefs in some parts of the world. Singapore in Southeast Asia has lost 95% of its lowland rainforests due to excessive logging. Spread of the urbanized areas, road network, and industrial areas and associated problems (noise, pollution); abandonment of former agricultural practices that were favorable to biodiversity 2. Overexploitation : Due to over-hunting/harvesting of vast numbers of exotic fishes and marine animals, their populations are getting smaller each year and facing the risk of extinction. 3. Pollution: Excessive release of toxic fumes, chemicals, and wastes over extended periods destroys the biological fabric of aquatic and terrestrial systems. Pollutants tend to spread into food chains. 4. Climate Change: The earth’s climate is rapidly changing. With global warming on the increase, chances for ecosystems to acclimatize naturally are diminishing. 5. Introduction of invasive species: It has been seen that non-native species can cause extinctions of native species. Earlier, Lake Victoria in Africa was famous for its great diversity of endemic species. There is a need to increase our knowledge of environmental issues and our awareness of the impacts of biodiversity loss, and increase support for government policies and actions that conserve our valuable ecosystems. There is an urgent need to aid in the recovery of species at risk and prevent other species from becoming at risk.
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##Question:Explain how biodiversity benefits humans in various ways. Also, Enumerate the major threats faced by biodiversity. (150 words/10 marks)##Answer:Approach: Write a brief introduction either by defining biodiversity or by writing its significance in brief. In body write benefits of biodiversity in brief like Economic, Ecological, Recreational, Scio-cultural, etc. Then write major anthropogenic threats to biodiversity like- Pollution, habitat destruction, over-exploitation, etc. Conclude with the suggesting measures to conserve biodiversity. Answer: Biodiversity is the most precious gift of nature mankind is blessed with. As all the organisms in an ecosystem are interlinked and interdependent, the value of biodiversity in the life of all the organisms including humans is enormous. 1. Economic Value: The economic potential of biodiversity is immense in terms of food, fodder, medicinal, ethical, al and social values. Biodiversity forms the major resource for different industries, which govern the world economy. The salient features regarding the economical potential of biodiversity are given below: The major fuel sources of the world including wood and fossil fuels have their origin due to biodiversity. It is the source of food for all animals and humans. Many important chemicals have their origin from the diverse flora and fauna, used in various industries. Diverse group of animals is used for medical research during the testing of new drugs. 2. Ecosystem Services: These services also support human needs and activities such as intensely managed production ecosystems. Ecosystem service includes: The maintenance of freshwater quality by vegetation slowing runoff, trapping sediment and removing nutrients and by soil organisms breaking down pollutants; The production and maintenance of fertile soil as a result of many interacting processes; The provision of foods such as fish, pastures for Cattle, timber, firewood, etc. 3. Ethical and Moral Value: It is based on the principle of living and letting others live’. Ethical values related to biodiversity conservation are based on the importance of protecting all forms of life. All forms of life have the right to exist on earth. Man is only a small part of the Earth’s great family of species. 4. Aesthetic Value: The beauty of our planet is because of biodiversity, which otherwise would have resembled other barren planets dotted around the universe. Biological diversity adds to the quality of life and provides some of the most beautiful aspects of our existence. Biodiversity is responsible for the beauty of a landscape. 5. Spiritual Values: Elements of biodiversity can contribute to cultural identity, and many ecosystem characteristics are frequently incorporated into cultural traditions. For example, in folklore, local animals are used to symbolize societal values or to explain unusual events. Indigenous cultures sometimes recognize biodiversity’s value in religious traditions based on honouring the Earth. Proximity to nature has also been shown to enhance emotional and spiritual well-being. 6. Consumptive use value: This is related to natural products that are used directly for food, fodder, timber, fuel wood etc. Humans use at least 40,000 days and animals on a daily basis. Many people around the world still depend on wild species for most of their needs like food, shelter and clothing. The tribal people are completely dependent on the forests for their daily needs. 7. Productive Use Value: This is assigned to products that are commercially harvested and marketed. Almost all the present date crops have originated from wild varieties. Biotechnologists continuously use the wild species of plants for developing new, better yielding, and disease-resistant varieties. Biodiversity represents the original stock from which new varieties are being developed. The present-day world is experiencing a lot of threats to Biodiversity. They are as follows: 1. Destruction of Habitats: It is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity on Earth. Dynamite fishing, boat anchorages, and oil spills have severely destroyed coral reefs in some parts of the world. Singapore in Southeast Asia has lost 95% of its lowland rainforests due to excessive logging. Spread of the urbanized areas, road network, and industrial areas and associated problems (noise, pollution); abandonment of former agricultural practices that were favorable to biodiversity 2. Overexploitation : Due to over-hunting/harvesting of vast numbers of exotic fishes and marine animals, their populations are getting smaller each year and facing the risk of extinction. 3. Pollution: Excessive release of toxic fumes, chemicals, and wastes over extended periods destroys the biological fabric of aquatic and terrestrial systems. Pollutants tend to spread into food chains. 4. Climate Change: The earth’s climate is rapidly changing. With global warming on the increase, chances for ecosystems to acclimatize naturally are diminishing. 5. Introduction of invasive species: It has been seen that non-native species can cause extinctions of native species. Earlier, Lake Victoria in Africa was famous for its great diversity of endemic species. There is a need to increase our knowledge of environmental issues and our awareness of the impacts of biodiversity loss, and increase support for government policies and actions that conserve our valuable ecosystems. There is an urgent need to aid in the recovery of species at risk and prevent other species from becoming at risk.
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“भारत मे कृषि एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय है” ,कथन का परीक्षण करें | इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के पहलुओं पर विचार करें | (200 शब्द )
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“भारत मे कृषि एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय है” ,कथन का परीक्षण करें | इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के पहलुओं पर विचार करें | (200 शब्द ) दृष्टिकोण – कथन की संक्षेप मे भूमिका भारत में कृषि के जोखिम होने के कारण लाभकारी बनाने के सुझाव निष्कर्ष उत्तर – आर्थिक समीक्षा रिपोर्ट 2016-17 के दूसरे खंड में भारत में कृषि को एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय बताते हुए कहा गया है कि यहाँ किसानों को फसलों के रोपण से लेकर अपने उत्पादों के लिये बाज़ार खोजने तक जोखिमों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। अतः इन जोखिमों को कम करने से कृषि आय और मुनाफे में वृद्धि हो सकती है। भारत में कृषि में जोखिम कारण निम्न हैं। बाज़ारों की अकुशलता और किसानों के उत्पादों की विनाशशील प्रकृति, उत्पादन को बनाए रखने में उनकी असमर्थता | कृषि में जोखिम फसल उत्पादन, मौसम की अनिश्चितता, फसल की कीमतों, ऋण और नीतिगत फैसलों से जुड़े हुए हैं। कीमतों में जोखिम का मुख्य कारण पारिश्रमिक लागत से भी कम आय, बाज़ार की अनुपस्थिति और बिचौलियों द्वारा अत्यधिक मुनाफा कमाना है। इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के सुझाव - इसके अतिरिक्त किसानों को लाभकारी मूल्य सुनिश्चित करने के लिये उन्हें अनुबंध कृषि की ओर प्रोत्साहित किया जाना चाहिये। इसका लाभ यह होगा कि किसानों को उनकी फसल के एक निश्चित मूल्य का भुगतान किये जाने के साथ-साथ कृषि-आदानों की गुणवत्ता को बढ़ावा देने पर भी बल दिया जा सकेगा। स्वामीनाथन द्वारा प्रस्तुत सिफारिशों के अंतर्गत इस बात पर विशेष बल दिया गया था कि एक छोटे किसान को प्राप्त होने वाले लाभ तथा उसकी उत्पादन क्षमता के आधार पर न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य की गणना की जानी चाहिये। किसानों की आय में तेज़ी से वृद्धि के मानक और प्रमाणित उपाय- बेहतर सिंचाई के साधन: देश में अभी भी निम्न उत्पादकता का एक बड़ा कारण सिचाई के साधनों की अपर्याप्त उपलब्धता है। अतः इस संबंध में भी ध्यान देने की ज़रूरत है। प्रतिस्पर्द्धी बाज़ार मूल्य: बेहतर उत्पादन के बावजूद यदि किसान बेहतर मूल्य प्राप्त नहीं कर पाता है तो उसका एक मुख्य कारण प्रतिस्पर्द्धी कीमत का न मिल पाना है और इसके कई कारण हैं। एकीकृत मूल्य श्रृंखला, भण्डारण की समुचित व्यवस्था आदि सुनिश्चित किया जाना चाहिये अन्य सुझाव – कृषि आधारित उद्योगों के प्रोत्साहन के मद्देनज़र इको-प्रणाली को मज़बूत करना होगा। पानी के इस्तेमाल के प्रति बेहतर समझ बनानी होगी। किसानों को उपभोक्ता मूल्य के बड़े हिस्से को समझना होगा। भू-नीति में मूलभूत सुधारों पर विशेष ध्यान देना होगा। जलवायु परिवर्तन के मद्देनज़र कृषि गतिविधियों को विकसित करने की ज़रूरत पर कार्य किया जाना चाहिये। फसल बीमा योजना और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक राष्ट्रीय कृषि बाज़ार दोनों अच्छे विचार हैं, परंतु इनका कार्यान्वयन ठीक से नहीं होने के कारण ये जमीनी स्तर पर अच्छे परिणाम नहीं दिखा पा रहे हैं। किसानों को शिक्षित करने की आवश्यकता है कि पिछले साल की फसल की कीमतों के आधार पर रोपण का फैसला फायदेमंद नहीं भी हो सकता है। किसान को बुवाई के एक स्थिर पैटर्न को अपनाना चाहिये ताकि लंबे समय तक उसे उत्पाद का औसत मूल्य प्राप्त होता रहे।
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##Question:“भारत मे कृषि एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय है” ,कथन का परीक्षण करें | इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के पहलुओं पर विचार करें | (200 शब्द )##Answer: “भारत मे कृषि एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय है” ,कथन का परीक्षण करें | इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के पहलुओं पर विचार करें | (200 शब्द ) दृष्टिकोण – कथन की संक्षेप मे भूमिका भारत में कृषि के जोखिम होने के कारण लाभकारी बनाने के सुझाव निष्कर्ष उत्तर – आर्थिक समीक्षा रिपोर्ट 2016-17 के दूसरे खंड में भारत में कृषि को एक जोखिम भरा व्यवसाय बताते हुए कहा गया है कि यहाँ किसानों को फसलों के रोपण से लेकर अपने उत्पादों के लिये बाज़ार खोजने तक जोखिमों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। अतः इन जोखिमों को कम करने से कृषि आय और मुनाफे में वृद्धि हो सकती है। भारत में कृषि में जोखिम कारण निम्न हैं। बाज़ारों की अकुशलता और किसानों के उत्पादों की विनाशशील प्रकृति, उत्पादन को बनाए रखने में उनकी असमर्थता | कृषि में जोखिम फसल उत्पादन, मौसम की अनिश्चितता, फसल की कीमतों, ऋण और नीतिगत फैसलों से जुड़े हुए हैं। कीमतों में जोखिम का मुख्य कारण पारिश्रमिक लागत से भी कम आय, बाज़ार की अनुपस्थिति और बिचौलियों द्वारा अत्यधिक मुनाफा कमाना है। इसको व्यवहारिक और लाभकारी बनाने के सुझाव - इसके अतिरिक्त किसानों को लाभकारी मूल्य सुनिश्चित करने के लिये उन्हें अनुबंध कृषि की ओर प्रोत्साहित किया जाना चाहिये। इसका लाभ यह होगा कि किसानों को उनकी फसल के एक निश्चित मूल्य का भुगतान किये जाने के साथ-साथ कृषि-आदानों की गुणवत्ता को बढ़ावा देने पर भी बल दिया जा सकेगा। स्वामीनाथन द्वारा प्रस्तुत सिफारिशों के अंतर्गत इस बात पर विशेष बल दिया गया था कि एक छोटे किसान को प्राप्त होने वाले लाभ तथा उसकी उत्पादन क्षमता के आधार पर न्यूनतम समर्थन मूल्य की गणना की जानी चाहिये। किसानों की आय में तेज़ी से वृद्धि के मानक और प्रमाणित उपाय- बेहतर सिंचाई के साधन: देश में अभी भी निम्न उत्पादकता का एक बड़ा कारण सिचाई के साधनों की अपर्याप्त उपलब्धता है। अतः इस संबंध में भी ध्यान देने की ज़रूरत है। प्रतिस्पर्द्धी बाज़ार मूल्य: बेहतर उत्पादन के बावजूद यदि किसान बेहतर मूल्य प्राप्त नहीं कर पाता है तो उसका एक मुख्य कारण प्रतिस्पर्द्धी कीमत का न मिल पाना है और इसके कई कारण हैं। एकीकृत मूल्य श्रृंखला, भण्डारण की समुचित व्यवस्था आदि सुनिश्चित किया जाना चाहिये अन्य सुझाव – कृषि आधारित उद्योगों के प्रोत्साहन के मद्देनज़र इको-प्रणाली को मज़बूत करना होगा। पानी के इस्तेमाल के प्रति बेहतर समझ बनानी होगी। किसानों को उपभोक्ता मूल्य के बड़े हिस्से को समझना होगा। भू-नीति में मूलभूत सुधारों पर विशेष ध्यान देना होगा। जलवायु परिवर्तन के मद्देनज़र कृषि गतिविधियों को विकसित करने की ज़रूरत पर कार्य किया जाना चाहिये। फसल बीमा योजना और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक राष्ट्रीय कृषि बाज़ार दोनों अच्छे विचार हैं, परंतु इनका कार्यान्वयन ठीक से नहीं होने के कारण ये जमीनी स्तर पर अच्छे परिणाम नहीं दिखा पा रहे हैं। किसानों को शिक्षित करने की आवश्यकता है कि पिछले साल की फसल की कीमतों के आधार पर रोपण का फैसला फायदेमंद नहीं भी हो सकता है। किसान को बुवाई के एक स्थिर पैटर्न को अपनाना चाहिये ताकि लंबे समय तक उसे उत्पाद का औसत मूल्य प्राप्त होता रहे।
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Though the Marathas managed to expand rapidly into North and Central India, they failed to consolidate their hold over these regions. Discuss. (150 words)(10 marks)
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Introduction -Try to give brief intro giving context or premise to the answer The body of the answer- Try to write about the various weakness of the Maratha rule conclusion -Give an impact of the failure of Maratha in form of rising of British Ans There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughals was the Martha. Initially deriving from the western Deccan, the Marathas were a peasant warrior group that rose to prominence during the rule in that region of the sultans ofBijapurand Ahamadnagar There was a certain weakness which restricted Maratha to form Pan India Empire 1.Political Marathas were caught in the meshes of mutual hostilities and machinations; the result was that the Marathas could not put up that unity, sense of purpose, strength, andpatriotism which were necessary to make pan India empire Policy perspective -There was no well thought out policy or plan in building up the Maratha Power and it wasthe due dearth of men of strong personality like ShivaJi-the structure of the Maratha Empire began to crumble down Maratha administration was thoroughly autocratic. It was not based on habitual allegiance of the people Mutual rivalry and hostility which madethe unityof the Marathas difficult and gradually ate into the unity that was built up due to the personality(Shivajietc) andthe abilityof individual Maratha leaders. 2.Economic Marathas geographically were ina disadvantageousposition due to nature of terrain i.e hilly country so trade And industry did notdevelop. They were completely dependent onChauthandsardeshmukhiand similar other cess and imposts which they used tocollect. Jagirdari system - The system itself was against the interests of the State itself, for the Jagirdars were all interested in their own well-being seldom thinking about the State.To add to this was their mutual rivalry and hostility which madethe unityof the Marathas 3.Military From the early part of the nineteenthcentury,the Marathas gave up their traditional system of guerrilla warfare. This was a grave mistake for by guerilla warfare tactics the Marathas had struck terror in the Mughal army, but by giving it up they only paved the path of their defeat. It must be pointed out that the Marathas also failed because their anti-dated and out-mode arms and ammunition were no match for the more scientific and up-to-date arms and ammunitions of the British forces. Introduction of mercenaries in the Maratha army led to the loss of the sense of service and sacrifice that held the Maratha army together earlier The above diverse causes were responsible for the failure of the Marathas to build an empire on the ashes of the Mughal Empire and left the opportunity to the English Trading Company to step into the shoes of the Mughals
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##Question:Though the Marathas managed to expand rapidly into North and Central India, they failed to consolidate their hold over these regions. Discuss. (150 words)(10 marks)##Answer:Introduction -Try to give brief intro giving context or premise to the answer The body of the answer- Try to write about the various weakness of the Maratha rule conclusion -Give an impact of the failure of Maratha in form of rising of British Ans There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughals was the Martha. Initially deriving from the western Deccan, the Marathas were a peasant warrior group that rose to prominence during the rule in that region of the sultans ofBijapurand Ahamadnagar There was a certain weakness which restricted Maratha to form Pan India Empire 1.Political Marathas were caught in the meshes of mutual hostilities and machinations; the result was that the Marathas could not put up that unity, sense of purpose, strength, andpatriotism which were necessary to make pan India empire Policy perspective -There was no well thought out policy or plan in building up the Maratha Power and it wasthe due dearth of men of strong personality like ShivaJi-the structure of the Maratha Empire began to crumble down Maratha administration was thoroughly autocratic. It was not based on habitual allegiance of the people Mutual rivalry and hostility which madethe unityof the Marathas difficult and gradually ate into the unity that was built up due to the personality(Shivajietc) andthe abilityof individual Maratha leaders. 2.Economic Marathas geographically were ina disadvantageousposition due to nature of terrain i.e hilly country so trade And industry did notdevelop. They were completely dependent onChauthandsardeshmukhiand similar other cess and imposts which they used tocollect. Jagirdari system - The system itself was against the interests of the State itself, for the Jagirdars were all interested in their own well-being seldom thinking about the State.To add to this was their mutual rivalry and hostility which madethe unityof the Marathas 3.Military From the early part of the nineteenthcentury,the Marathas gave up their traditional system of guerrilla warfare. This was a grave mistake for by guerilla warfare tactics the Marathas had struck terror in the Mughal army, but by giving it up they only paved the path of their defeat. It must be pointed out that the Marathas also failed because their anti-dated and out-mode arms and ammunition were no match for the more scientific and up-to-date arms and ammunitions of the British forces. Introduction of mercenaries in the Maratha army led to the loss of the sense of service and sacrifice that held the Maratha army together earlier The above diverse causes were responsible for the failure of the Marathas to build an empire on the ashes of the Mughal Empire and left the opportunity to the English Trading Company to step into the shoes of the Mughals
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Right to recall will empower the voters and make the legislators more accountable thus strengthening democracy in India. Critically Analyse. [200 Words]
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Approach -Introduce an answer by explaining the right to recall in brief. -Discuss the merits of a right to recall in strengthening Indian democracy. -Highlight the challenges/limitations in the implementation of the right to recall. -Conclude the answer by taking a balanced view of the right to recall. Answer Right to Recall is basically a process whereby the electorate has the power to remove the elected legislatures before the expiry of their usual term. Need for the Right to Recall : -There exists no recourse for the electorate if they are unhappy with their elected representative. - Empowerment of Voters - Logic and justice necessitate that if the people have the power to elect their representatives, they should also have the power to remove these representatives when they engage in misdeeds or fail to fulfil the duties. - Greater Accountability - The right to recall is a democratic tool which ensures ‘greater accountability’ in the political system as the electorate retains control over those legislators who are underperforming or are misusing their office for their selfish gains. - Check on corruption - Having such a right offers a mechanism to ensure vertical accountability. Such a right would be a significant check on corruption along with ongoing criminalisation of politics. - Check election expenditures - it is also argued that having the system of recall will deter candidates from spending crores of money in campaigning for the elections because they will always have a fear of being recalled. - An option to change the wrong decision - Apart from this, some proponents of recall perceive it as an ‘option’ to correct wrong decisions without having to wait for the next five years. -Will improve the role of representatives in policy making - Improve the interaction between legislators and voters Arguments against a right to recall : - Consistent threat of being recalled - It can lead to an ‘excess of democracy’ where the independence of representatives will go down due to the perpetual threat of being recalled. - Populist actions by legislators - to escape a recall would demand the representatives to always keep their respective electorates happy, which would force these representatives to succumb to the populist pressure. -The decisions and policies may be parochial to remain popular and thus may lead to neglect of larger public interest -May lead to recurring elections thus unstable governments - having a recall system in India would not only create unnecessary chaos due to a recurring recall election but also would destabilise the government. -May lead to the use of force and coercion to avoid being recalled - Recall in a country like India would be very vulnerable to abuse by influential political groups and would give us those criminals as our leaders who could use strong-armed methods to prevent the recall being exercised against them. - Enormous expenditure on elections - Leaving all these questions aside, there is always a question of the practicability of conducting a recall which would involve enormous amounts of money, manpower, time etc. -Lastly, it is argued that introducing recall would unnecessarily undermine the role and importance of our representatives which, in fact, would weaken our democracy. Way forward -Proper implementation of the pre-election measures relating to disqualification. - Expulsion of members and the existing vigilance bodies to check corruption etc. -Decriminalisation of politics. -Increasing awareness among voters. -Speedy disposal of cases against political leaders. Right to recall seems like a very attractive idea on theory but introducing such a right would not only entail practical difficulties but also bring along various undesirable repercussions. The idea to have recall elections does not seem to be the best idea when we already have other measures to ensure good governance. The focus should be on reviving the existing measures as well as finding solutions to the root cause of having a poor quality of representation at the first place.
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##Question:Right to recall will empower the voters and make the legislators more accountable thus strengthening democracy in India. Critically Analyse. [200 Words]##Answer:Approach -Introduce an answer by explaining the right to recall in brief. -Discuss the merits of a right to recall in strengthening Indian democracy. -Highlight the challenges/limitations in the implementation of the right to recall. -Conclude the answer by taking a balanced view of the right to recall. Answer Right to Recall is basically a process whereby the electorate has the power to remove the elected legislatures before the expiry of their usual term. Need for the Right to Recall : -There exists no recourse for the electorate if they are unhappy with their elected representative. - Empowerment of Voters - Logic and justice necessitate that if the people have the power to elect their representatives, they should also have the power to remove these representatives when they engage in misdeeds or fail to fulfil the duties. - Greater Accountability - The right to recall is a democratic tool which ensures ‘greater accountability’ in the political system as the electorate retains control over those legislators who are underperforming or are misusing their office for their selfish gains. - Check on corruption - Having such a right offers a mechanism to ensure vertical accountability. Such a right would be a significant check on corruption along with ongoing criminalisation of politics. - Check election expenditures - it is also argued that having the system of recall will deter candidates from spending crores of money in campaigning for the elections because they will always have a fear of being recalled. - An option to change the wrong decision - Apart from this, some proponents of recall perceive it as an ‘option’ to correct wrong decisions without having to wait for the next five years. -Will improve the role of representatives in policy making - Improve the interaction between legislators and voters Arguments against a right to recall : - Consistent threat of being recalled - It can lead to an ‘excess of democracy’ where the independence of representatives will go down due to the perpetual threat of being recalled. - Populist actions by legislators - to escape a recall would demand the representatives to always keep their respective electorates happy, which would force these representatives to succumb to the populist pressure. -The decisions and policies may be parochial to remain popular and thus may lead to neglect of larger public interest -May lead to recurring elections thus unstable governments - having a recall system in India would not only create unnecessary chaos due to a recurring recall election but also would destabilise the government. -May lead to the use of force and coercion to avoid being recalled - Recall in a country like India would be very vulnerable to abuse by influential political groups and would give us those criminals as our leaders who could use strong-armed methods to prevent the recall being exercised against them. - Enormous expenditure on elections - Leaving all these questions aside, there is always a question of the practicability of conducting a recall which would involve enormous amounts of money, manpower, time etc. -Lastly, it is argued that introducing recall would unnecessarily undermine the role and importance of our representatives which, in fact, would weaken our democracy. Way forward -Proper implementation of the pre-election measures relating to disqualification. - Expulsion of members and the existing vigilance bodies to check corruption etc. -Decriminalisation of politics. -Increasing awareness among voters. -Speedy disposal of cases against political leaders. Right to recall seems like a very attractive idea on theory but introducing such a right would not only entail practical difficulties but also bring along various undesirable repercussions. The idea to have recall elections does not seem to be the best idea when we already have other measures to ensure good governance. The focus should be on reviving the existing measures as well as finding solutions to the root cause of having a poor quality of representation at the first place.
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"Internal migration depends upon not only the pattern of development but also on the social structure of the society". Critically examine the statement in context of india. (200 words)
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##Question:"Internal migration depends upon not only the pattern of development but also on the social structure of the society". Critically examine the statement in context of india. (200 words)##Answer:,
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"विधान परिषद् सफ़ेद हाथी के समान अनावश्यक और खर्चीला सदन है।" इस कथन का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिये।(150 से 200 शब्द, 10 अंक) "The Legislative Council is an unnecessary and expensive house like a white elephant". Critically evaluate this statement. (150 to 200 words, 10 marks)
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दृष्टिकोण: विधानपरिषद की संवैधानिक स्थिति को बताकर उत्तर की शुरुआत। विधानपरिषद की सीमाएं। विधानपरिषद की स्थापना के पीछे तर्क या इसका महत्व। सुझाव के साथ उत्तर का अंत। उत्तर: संविधान के अनुच्छेद 168 के तहत राज्य में एक या दो सदन हो सकते हैं। अनुच्छेद 169 के तहत राज्य विधानसभा द्वारा विशेष बहुमत से संकल्प पारित करके विधान परिषद का गठन या उसका समापन किया जा सकता है (संसद द्वारा सामान्य बहुमत से स्वीकृति प्राप्त होने पर)। वर्तमान में आंध्र प्रदेश, तेलंगाना, उत्तर प्रदेश, बिहार, महाराष्ट्र और कर्नाटक में विधान परिषद हैं। परिषद के सदस्यों का कार्यकाल 6 वर्ष का होता है और प्रति दो वर्ष के बाद कुल सदस्य संख्या का एक तिहाई सदस्य सेवा निवृत्त होते हैं। अनुच्छेद 171 के तहत विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की संख्या उस राज्य की विधानसभा की कुल सदस्य संख्या का एक तिहाई होता है। जबकि न्यूनतम संख्या 40 निर्धारित की गई है (तेलंगाना- 40)। विधानपरिषद की सीमाएं:- इनकी स्थापना के बाद से विधानपरिषदों के राजनीतिकरण में लगातार वृद्धि हुई है। इससे राज्य विधायिका प्रभावशाली रूप से कार्य नहीं कर पाती है। विधानपरिषदों की स्थापना से राज्य पर आर्थिक बोझ में वृद्धि होती है। विधानपरिषद सीमित शक्ति होने के कारण विधानसभा पर सामान्यतया प्रभावी नियंत्रण स्थापित करने में सक्षम नहीं है। विधानपरिषद द्वारा कार्यों में विलंब एवं व्यवधान की आशंका हमेशा बनी रहती है। इससे राज्य विधायिका की कुशलता एवं दक्षता प्रभावित होती है। हालांकि इन सीमाओं के बावजूद, विधानपरिषद का महत्व निम्नलिखित बिंदुओं से समझा जा सकता है:- विधानपरिषद राज्य सरकार के विधेयकों और नीतियों परीक्षण एवं समीक्षा का मंच उपलब्ध कराता है। विधानपरिषद में विषय विशेष की गैर-राजनीतिक एवं नैतिकता आधारित विश्लेषण संभव होता है। विधानपरिषद में निर्वाचन से बौद्धिक समुदाय (स्नातक और शिक्षकों) की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती है। विधानपरिषद विधानसभा के कार्यबोझ को कम करने में सहायक हो सकती है। अतः संवैधानिक भावना के तहत यह उचित प्रतीत होता है कि विधानपरिषद के सृजन और समापन से संबंधित राष्ट्रीय नीति का विकास किया जाए और संबंधित अनिश्चितता को समाप्त कर राज्य विधायिका को भी राज्य सूची के विषयों पर अर्थसंगत एवं प्रभावशाली बनाया जाए।
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##Question:"विधान परिषद् सफ़ेद हाथी के समान अनावश्यक और खर्चीला सदन है।" इस कथन का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिये।(150 से 200 शब्द, 10 अंक) "The Legislative Council is an unnecessary and expensive house like a white elephant". Critically evaluate this statement. (150 to 200 words, 10 marks)##Answer:दृष्टिकोण: विधानपरिषद की संवैधानिक स्थिति को बताकर उत्तर की शुरुआत। विधानपरिषद की सीमाएं। विधानपरिषद की स्थापना के पीछे तर्क या इसका महत्व। सुझाव के साथ उत्तर का अंत। उत्तर: संविधान के अनुच्छेद 168 के तहत राज्य में एक या दो सदन हो सकते हैं। अनुच्छेद 169 के तहत राज्य विधानसभा द्वारा विशेष बहुमत से संकल्प पारित करके विधान परिषद का गठन या उसका समापन किया जा सकता है (संसद द्वारा सामान्य बहुमत से स्वीकृति प्राप्त होने पर)। वर्तमान में आंध्र प्रदेश, तेलंगाना, उत्तर प्रदेश, बिहार, महाराष्ट्र और कर्नाटक में विधान परिषद हैं। परिषद के सदस्यों का कार्यकाल 6 वर्ष का होता है और प्रति दो वर्ष के बाद कुल सदस्य संख्या का एक तिहाई सदस्य सेवा निवृत्त होते हैं। अनुच्छेद 171 के तहत विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की संख्या उस राज्य की विधानसभा की कुल सदस्य संख्या का एक तिहाई होता है। जबकि न्यूनतम संख्या 40 निर्धारित की गई है (तेलंगाना- 40)। विधानपरिषद की सीमाएं:- इनकी स्थापना के बाद से विधानपरिषदों के राजनीतिकरण में लगातार वृद्धि हुई है। इससे राज्य विधायिका प्रभावशाली रूप से कार्य नहीं कर पाती है। विधानपरिषदों की स्थापना से राज्य पर आर्थिक बोझ में वृद्धि होती है। विधानपरिषद सीमित शक्ति होने के कारण विधानसभा पर सामान्यतया प्रभावी नियंत्रण स्थापित करने में सक्षम नहीं है। विधानपरिषद द्वारा कार्यों में विलंब एवं व्यवधान की आशंका हमेशा बनी रहती है। इससे राज्य विधायिका की कुशलता एवं दक्षता प्रभावित होती है। हालांकि इन सीमाओं के बावजूद, विधानपरिषद का महत्व निम्नलिखित बिंदुओं से समझा जा सकता है:- विधानपरिषद राज्य सरकार के विधेयकों और नीतियों परीक्षण एवं समीक्षा का मंच उपलब्ध कराता है। विधानपरिषद में विषय विशेष की गैर-राजनीतिक एवं नैतिकता आधारित विश्लेषण संभव होता है। विधानपरिषद में निर्वाचन से बौद्धिक समुदाय (स्नातक और शिक्षकों) की महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका होती है। विधानपरिषद विधानसभा के कार्यबोझ को कम करने में सहायक हो सकती है। अतः संवैधानिक भावना के तहत यह उचित प्रतीत होता है कि विधानपरिषद के सृजन और समापन से संबंधित राष्ट्रीय नीति का विकास किया जाए और संबंधित अनिश्चितता को समाप्त कर राज्य विधायिका को भी राज्य सूची के विषयों पर अर्थसंगत एवं प्रभावशाली बनाया जाए।
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Write a short note on the following:- (75 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India Vote of thanks
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##Question:Write a short note on the following:- (75 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India Vote of thanks ##Answer:.
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Write short note on the following:- (100 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India
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##Question:Write short note on the following:- (100 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India ##Answer:.
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Write short note on the following:- (100 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India
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##Question:Write short note on the following:- (100 words each) Sessions of Parliament in India ##Answer:.
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Differentiate between Prorogation and Dissolution of Lok Sabha? (150 words)
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##Question:Differentiate between Prorogation and Dissolution of Lok Sabha? (150 words)##Answer:.
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Define Money bill? Give various provisions regarding money bill given in Indian Constitution? Also discuss the recent controversy surrounding the declaration of a bill as a money bill? (200 words)
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##Question:Define Money bill? Give various provisions regarding money bill given in Indian Constitution? Also discuss the recent controversy surrounding the declaration of a bill as a money bill? (200 words)##Answer:.
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Briefly explain different types of bank accounts prevailing in India. (150 words)
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##Question:Briefly explain different types of bank accounts prevailing in India. (150 words)##Answer:.
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Write short note on the following- (100 words each) Narrow money Broad money High powered money
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##Question:Write short note on the following- (100 words each) Narrow money Broad money High powered money ##Answer:.
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Briefly discuss the social and economic consequences of abolishing child labour (200 words)
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##Question:Briefly discuss the social and economic consequences of abolishing child labour (200 words)##Answer:,
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What do you mean by monetary aggregates? Discuss various types on monetary aggregates in Indian Economy. (200 words)
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##Question:What do you mean by monetary aggregates? Discuss various types on monetary aggregates in Indian Economy. (200 words)##Answer:.
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What do you mean by Mass Rapid Transport system (MRTS)? Discuss various benefits of MRTS. Also, mentiondifferent modes of MRTS. (200 wrods)
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Approach: Breif definition of MRTS in introduction Explain important characteristics of MRTS Discuss various benefits of MRTS System In the end mention various modes of MRTS Answer: Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport . Rapid transit is an important form of mass transit such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for commuting inter-city or intra-city. Important Characteristics of MRTS are as follows: 1.Dedicated networks or sometimes shared networks 2.Rapidly moving and high frequency modes of transport 3.Normally runs on time 4.Meant for transport of large number of passengers at quick intervals. 5.High carryingcapacityof the transport system. Capacity is measured in terms of PHPDT i.e. Peak Hour Per Direction Traffic. 6.Quick acceleration and maximum speed attained for rapid transport 7.Higher standing capacity as compared to sitting capacity. The average standing time during the journey is less than 20 minutes Advantages 1. Environmental Impacts: Mass transit is believed to be more environmental friendly than other public transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars. 2. Social Impacts of Mass Transit: All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable to drive. 3. Economic Impacts of Mass Transit: Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labour, materials, and energy over private transit systems. Also mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels. 4. Reduces congestion: The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus eliminating congestion. 5. Saves Time: Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only at specific spots. 6. Cost Effective: Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport. Economies of scale enhance the cost effectiveness. 7. Less dependence on imported fuel and gradually it is becoming non-polluting Modes of MRTS Mass transit refers to municipal or regional public shared transportation, such as buses, streetcars, and ferries, open to all on a nonreserved basis. An important form of mass transit is rapid transit, such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for commuting between urban and suburban (or exurban) centers. Mass transit can be divided into fixed route systems (often involving rails), such as streetcars and subway trains, and nonfixed route transit (along surface streets or water), such as buses and ferries, but does not usually include airplanes, taxis, or long-distance rail with more formal ticketing procedures.
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##Question:What do you mean by Mass Rapid Transport system (MRTS)? Discuss various benefits of MRTS. Also, mentiondifferent modes of MRTS. (200 wrods)##Answer: Approach: Breif definition of MRTS in introduction Explain important characteristics of MRTS Discuss various benefits of MRTS System In the end mention various modes of MRTS Answer: Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport . Rapid transit is an important form of mass transit such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for commuting inter-city or intra-city. Important Characteristics of MRTS are as follows: 1.Dedicated networks or sometimes shared networks 2.Rapidly moving and high frequency modes of transport 3.Normally runs on time 4.Meant for transport of large number of passengers at quick intervals. 5.High carryingcapacityof the transport system. Capacity is measured in terms of PHPDT i.e. Peak Hour Per Direction Traffic. 6.Quick acceleration and maximum speed attained for rapid transport 7.Higher standing capacity as compared to sitting capacity. The average standing time during the journey is less than 20 minutes Advantages 1. Environmental Impacts: Mass transit is believed to be more environmental friendly than other public transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars. 2. Social Impacts of Mass Transit: All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable to drive. 3. Economic Impacts of Mass Transit: Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labour, materials, and energy over private transit systems. Also mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels. 4. Reduces congestion: The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus eliminating congestion. 5. Saves Time: Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only at specific spots. 6. Cost Effective: Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport. Economies of scale enhance the cost effectiveness. 7. Less dependence on imported fuel and gradually it is becoming non-polluting Modes of MRTS Mass transit refers to municipal or regional public shared transportation, such as buses, streetcars, and ferries, open to all on a nonreserved basis. An important form of mass transit is rapid transit, such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for commuting between urban and suburban (or exurban) centers. Mass transit can be divided into fixed route systems (often involving rails), such as streetcars and subway trains, and nonfixed route transit (along surface streets or water), such as buses and ferries, but does not usually include airplanes, taxis, or long-distance rail with more formal ticketing procedures.
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What are Masala Bonds? Examine their significance on the Indian economy.(150 words)
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##Question:What are Masala Bonds? Examine their significance on the Indian economy.(150 words)##Answer:.
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"भारतीय संसदीय प्रणाली में राज्यसभा एक दूसरे दर्जे का सदन मात्र हैं |" कथन का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए| (150-200 शब्द; 10 अंक) "The Rajya Sabha is just a second class house in the Indian parliamentary system." Critically evaluate the statement. (150-200 words; 10 marks)
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एप्रोच- संसद के अभिन्न अंग के रूप में लोकसभा तथा राज्यसभा की सम्मिलित भूमिका के संदर्भ में कुछ उदाहरणों के साथ संक्षिप्त रूप से पृष्ठभूमि लिखिए| मुख्य भाग के पहले हिस्से में, उन मामलों का उल्लेख कीजिये जब लोकसभा राज्यसभा के मुकाबले ज्यादा अधिकार रखती है| अंतिम भाग में, राज्यसभा की विशिष्ट शक्तियों का उल्लेख कीजिये| एक संतुलित निष्कर्ष के साथ उत्तर का समापन कीजिए| उत्तर- संविधान ने ज्यादातर विषयों के संदर्भ में संसद के दोनों सदनों को समान अधिकार प्रदान किये हैं जैसे- सामान्य विधेयकों पर विचार विमर्श तथा उन्हें पारित करना; राष्ट्रपति एवं उपराष्ट्रपति का चुनाव, महाभियोग आदि| हालाँकि निम्न मामलों में लोकसभा को राज्यसभा के मुकाबले ज्यादा अधिकार प्राप्त हैं- धन विधेयक तथा वित्त विधेयक(1) को केवल लोकसभा में पुरःस्थापित किया जा सकता है, राज्यसभा में नहीं| राज्यसभा द्वारा धन विधेयक को अस्वीकृत/संशोधित नहीं किया जा सकता है| कोई विधेयक धन विधेयक है या नहीं, यह प्रमाणित करने की अंतिम शक्ति लोकसभा अध्यक्ष के पास; दोनों सदनों की संयुक्त बैठक की अध्यक्षता लोकसभा अध्यक्ष द्वारा; राज्यसभा केवल बजट पर चर्चा कर सकती है, उसके अनुदान की मांगों पर मतदान नहीं कर सकती| राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की समाप्ति के लिए संकल्प को लोकसभा द्वारा ही पारित कराया जा सकता है, राज्यसभा द्वारा नहीं| राज्यसभा अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पारित कर मंत्रिपरिषद को नहीं हटा सकती है| मंत्रिपरिषद राज्यसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी नहीं होती है| वह केवल लोकसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है| हालाँकि, संविधान में भारत के संघीय ढांचे को ध्यान में रखते हुए राज्यसभा को कुछ विशिष्ट शक्तियां सौंपी गयी हैं- राज्यों के मामले पर कानून(अनुच्छेद 249)- राज्यसभा द्वारा उपस्थित तथा मत देने वाले सदस्यों में से कम से कम दो-तिहाई सदस्यों द्वारा समर्थित संकल्प द्वारा राष्ट्रीय हित में आवश्यक राज्य सूची के विषयों पर भी भारत के संपूर्ण राज्यक्षेत्र या उसके किसी भाग के लिए कानून बनाने हेतु संघीय विधायिका को स्वीकृति; अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं का सृजन(अनुच्छेद 312)- राज्यसभा द्वारा उपस्थित तथा मत देने वाले सदस्यों में से कम से कम दो-तिहाई सदस्यों द्वारा समर्थित संकल्प से संघ या राज्यों के लिए सम्मिलित एक या अधिक अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं के सृजन के लिए उपबंध; उपराष्ट्रपति को हटाने संबंधित प्रस्ताव का आरंभ; उपरोक्त अधिकार विशिष्ट रूप से सिर्फ राज्यसभा को ही प्राप्त हैं क्योंकि राज्यसभा एक संघीय सदन है तथा वह राज्यों की आकांक्षाओं तथा उनके हितों के प्रति सदैव संवेदनशील तथा प्रतिबद्ध रहती है| इस प्रक्रिया में यह देश के संघीय ढाँचे को मजबूती प्रदान करती है तथा राष्ट्रीय एकता को प्रोत्साहित करती है| साथ ही, लोकसभा से हड़बड़ी में स्वीकृत विधयकों पर यह विचार-विमर्श कर कानूनों को और प्रभावी बनाने में भी अपना बहुमूल्य योगदान देती है| हालाँकि लोकसभा को निःसंदेह राज्यसभा से ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण शक्तियां प्राप्त हैं लेकिन राज्यसभा की उपरोक्त भूमिकाओं को देखते हुए यह कहना उतना तर्कसंगत प्रतीत नहीं होता है कि भारतीय संसदीय प्रणाली में राज्यसभा एक दूसरे दर्जे का सदन मात्र हैं| दोनों सदनों का अपना महत्त्व है जो संविधान निर्माताओं के मस्तिष्क में भी इनकी भूमिकाओं को देते समय था|
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##Question:"भारतीय संसदीय प्रणाली में राज्यसभा एक दूसरे दर्जे का सदन मात्र हैं |" कथन का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए| (150-200 शब्द; 10 अंक) "The Rajya Sabha is just a second class house in the Indian parliamentary system." Critically evaluate the statement. (150-200 words; 10 marks)##Answer:एप्रोच- संसद के अभिन्न अंग के रूप में लोकसभा तथा राज्यसभा की सम्मिलित भूमिका के संदर्भ में कुछ उदाहरणों के साथ संक्षिप्त रूप से पृष्ठभूमि लिखिए| मुख्य भाग के पहले हिस्से में, उन मामलों का उल्लेख कीजिये जब लोकसभा राज्यसभा के मुकाबले ज्यादा अधिकार रखती है| अंतिम भाग में, राज्यसभा की विशिष्ट शक्तियों का उल्लेख कीजिये| एक संतुलित निष्कर्ष के साथ उत्तर का समापन कीजिए| उत्तर- संविधान ने ज्यादातर विषयों के संदर्भ में संसद के दोनों सदनों को समान अधिकार प्रदान किये हैं जैसे- सामान्य विधेयकों पर विचार विमर्श तथा उन्हें पारित करना; राष्ट्रपति एवं उपराष्ट्रपति का चुनाव, महाभियोग आदि| हालाँकि निम्न मामलों में लोकसभा को राज्यसभा के मुकाबले ज्यादा अधिकार प्राप्त हैं- धन विधेयक तथा वित्त विधेयक(1) को केवल लोकसभा में पुरःस्थापित किया जा सकता है, राज्यसभा में नहीं| राज्यसभा द्वारा धन विधेयक को अस्वीकृत/संशोधित नहीं किया जा सकता है| कोई विधेयक धन विधेयक है या नहीं, यह प्रमाणित करने की अंतिम शक्ति लोकसभा अध्यक्ष के पास; दोनों सदनों की संयुक्त बैठक की अध्यक्षता लोकसभा अध्यक्ष द्वारा; राज्यसभा केवल बजट पर चर्चा कर सकती है, उसके अनुदान की मांगों पर मतदान नहीं कर सकती| राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल की समाप्ति के लिए संकल्प को लोकसभा द्वारा ही पारित कराया जा सकता है, राज्यसभा द्वारा नहीं| राज्यसभा अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पारित कर मंत्रिपरिषद को नहीं हटा सकती है| मंत्रिपरिषद राज्यसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी नहीं होती है| वह केवल लोकसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है| हालाँकि, संविधान में भारत के संघीय ढांचे को ध्यान में रखते हुए राज्यसभा को कुछ विशिष्ट शक्तियां सौंपी गयी हैं- राज्यों के मामले पर कानून(अनुच्छेद 249)- राज्यसभा द्वारा उपस्थित तथा मत देने वाले सदस्यों में से कम से कम दो-तिहाई सदस्यों द्वारा समर्थित संकल्प द्वारा राष्ट्रीय हित में आवश्यक राज्य सूची के विषयों पर भी भारत के संपूर्ण राज्यक्षेत्र या उसके किसी भाग के लिए कानून बनाने हेतु संघीय विधायिका को स्वीकृति; अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं का सृजन(अनुच्छेद 312)- राज्यसभा द्वारा उपस्थित तथा मत देने वाले सदस्यों में से कम से कम दो-तिहाई सदस्यों द्वारा समर्थित संकल्प से संघ या राज्यों के लिए सम्मिलित एक या अधिक अखिल भारतीय सेवाओं के सृजन के लिए उपबंध; उपराष्ट्रपति को हटाने संबंधित प्रस्ताव का आरंभ; उपरोक्त अधिकार विशिष्ट रूप से सिर्फ राज्यसभा को ही प्राप्त हैं क्योंकि राज्यसभा एक संघीय सदन है तथा वह राज्यों की आकांक्षाओं तथा उनके हितों के प्रति सदैव संवेदनशील तथा प्रतिबद्ध रहती है| इस प्रक्रिया में यह देश के संघीय ढाँचे को मजबूती प्रदान करती है तथा राष्ट्रीय एकता को प्रोत्साहित करती है| साथ ही, लोकसभा से हड़बड़ी में स्वीकृत विधयकों पर यह विचार-विमर्श कर कानूनों को और प्रभावी बनाने में भी अपना बहुमूल्य योगदान देती है| हालाँकि लोकसभा को निःसंदेह राज्यसभा से ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण शक्तियां प्राप्त हैं लेकिन राज्यसभा की उपरोक्त भूमिकाओं को देखते हुए यह कहना उतना तर्कसंगत प्रतीत नहीं होता है कि भारतीय संसदीय प्रणाली में राज्यसभा एक दूसरे दर्जे का सदन मात्र हैं| दोनों सदनों का अपना महत्त्व है जो संविधान निर्माताओं के मस्तिष्क में भी इनकी भूमिकाओं को देते समय था|
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"Every Hazard is not disastrous but sometimes anthropogenic activities supplements transformation of Hazards into Disaster". Elucidate.(150 words/10 marks)
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APPROACH - In introduction define hazard and disaster -Explanation about how anthropogenic activities supplement transformation of Hazard into Disaster -Brief Conclusion ANSWER Introduction: Define Hazard and Disaster A hazard can be defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Typical examples of hazards can be absence of rain (leading to drought) or the abundance thereof (leading to floods). A disaster is the serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing or threatening to cause, widespread human, material or environmental losses which render the affected community unable to cope using its own resources. Disasters are only disasters because they impact and affect the way in which we live. Explanation about how anthropogenic activities supplement transformation of Hazard into Disaster The impact of man on the environment was a key factor in turning extreme weather events into greater natural disasters: -It is deforestation and floodplain development that most often links high rainfall to devastating floods and mudslides. For example the floods in Uttarakhand. -Extreme coastal events cause much more loss of life and damage when reefs are damaged, mangroves are removed, dune systems are developed and coastal forests are cleared. The impact of tsunamis, for example, in the Indian Ocean varied from country to country, according to the extent of reef protection and remaining mangrove coverage. -According to a World Bank report, in the last 50 years the severity of impacts from natural disasters had increased, due partly to the loss of healthy ecosystems in the regions affected. -By artificially holding a large volume of water in one place,dams increase pressure on fracturesbeneath the surface of the earth. The water has a lubricating effect, making it easier for the fractures – or faults – to slip -In many countries around the world, a growing population has forced more and more people to live in vulnerable coastal areas and floodplains, This leads to more casualties during the time of natural disasters. Conclusion Hence, there is a need to adopt appropriate Disaster Management approach to ensure that there is adequate preparedness and mitigation measures are adopted properly so as to reduce the impact of disasters to the minimum. (Note: Most of these examples were not explicitly mentioned in the class. But concept of Hazard and Disaster was taught in class. Hence the examiner must keep this aspect in mind.)
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##Question:"Every Hazard is not disastrous but sometimes anthropogenic activities supplements transformation of Hazards into Disaster". Elucidate.(150 words/10 marks)##Answer:APPROACH - In introduction define hazard and disaster -Explanation about how anthropogenic activities supplement transformation of Hazard into Disaster -Brief Conclusion ANSWER Introduction: Define Hazard and Disaster A hazard can be defined as a potentially damaging physical event, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Typical examples of hazards can be absence of rain (leading to drought) or the abundance thereof (leading to floods). A disaster is the serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing or threatening to cause, widespread human, material or environmental losses which render the affected community unable to cope using its own resources. Disasters are only disasters because they impact and affect the way in which we live. Explanation about how anthropogenic activities supplement transformation of Hazard into Disaster The impact of man on the environment was a key factor in turning extreme weather events into greater natural disasters: -It is deforestation and floodplain development that most often links high rainfall to devastating floods and mudslides. For example the floods in Uttarakhand. -Extreme coastal events cause much more loss of life and damage when reefs are damaged, mangroves are removed, dune systems are developed and coastal forests are cleared. The impact of tsunamis, for example, in the Indian Ocean varied from country to country, according to the extent of reef protection and remaining mangrove coverage. -According to a World Bank report, in the last 50 years the severity of impacts from natural disasters had increased, due partly to the loss of healthy ecosystems in the regions affected. -By artificially holding a large volume of water in one place,dams increase pressure on fracturesbeneath the surface of the earth. The water has a lubricating effect, making it easier for the fractures – or faults – to slip -In many countries around the world, a growing population has forced more and more people to live in vulnerable coastal areas and floodplains, This leads to more casualties during the time of natural disasters. Conclusion Hence, there is a need to adopt appropriate Disaster Management approach to ensure that there is adequate preparedness and mitigation measures are adopted properly so as to reduce the impact of disasters to the minimum. (Note: Most of these examples were not explicitly mentioned in the class. But concept of Hazard and Disaster was taught in class. Hence the examiner must keep this aspect in mind.)
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Briefly discuss the land revenue systems adopted by the British in different parts of India. Analyze the effects of the British land revenue policy. (150 words/ 10 marks)
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Introduction -Try to introduce the premise on which you are going to build your argument The body of the answer -Try to write about different land revenue system Analyze the effect of British land revenue policy conclusion- link it to the peasant Riotsor uprising * HERE CANDIDATE CAN DRAW MAP TO SHOW DIFFERENT AREA ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT LAND REVENUE SYSTEM. Introduction - British aim of the economic policy was the exploitation of Indian resource. The British in India introduced various land revenue systems after they got revenue collection rights in the late 18th Century. The major land revenue systems were – Permanent settlement- introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar & Orissa. It had the following distinctive features: The Zamindar was granted property rights over land. Their right of ownership was made hereditary & transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long standing customary rights to land. The revenue rates were fixed for perpetuity. While the stability of tax revenue system was supposed to incentivize the landlord to increase agricultural production Ryotwari Settlement: Thomas Munro (1820) recommended the introduction of Ryotwari system in Madras and Bombay presidency. Under this system, the revenue settlement was to be made directly with the cultivators/ryots. The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue The settlement under the Ryotwari system was not made permanent. It was revised periodically after 20-30 years when the revenue demand was usually raised Mahalwari Settlement: William Bentinck (1822) introduced in Ganga valley, North-West provinces, part of central India and Punjab. Here the revenue settlement was made at the village level IMPACT OF COLONIAL LAND REVENUE POLICIES High burden of taxation: the peasantry suffered under the new revenue settlement systems imposed by the British. Commodification of land and alienation of cultivators from their land: the British system of revenue settlement didn’t recognize the customary rights of cultivators and made the land a marketable commodity. Shift in the pattern of cultivation from food crops to cash crops: to meet the high revenue demands Destruction of self sufficiency of Indian villages. More pressure on Agriculture Destruction of the livelihood of peasants and artisans Alienation of the old Zamindari class: the inability to meet the high revenue demands imposed by the British saw the old Zamindar being deposed of their erstwhile Zamindari and the rise of the new merchant-Zamindar Conclusion – The new land revenue system of British changed the rural Indian economy completely and made the village economy dependent on world economics and its fluctuations. This led to discontent among the peasants that ultimately led to peasant revolts.
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##Question:Briefly discuss the land revenue systems adopted by the British in different parts of India. Analyze the effects of the British land revenue policy. (150 words/ 10 marks)##Answer: Introduction -Try to introduce the premise on which you are going to build your argument The body of the answer -Try to write about different land revenue system Analyze the effect of British land revenue policy conclusion- link it to the peasant Riotsor uprising * HERE CANDIDATE CAN DRAW MAP TO SHOW DIFFERENT AREA ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT LAND REVENUE SYSTEM. Introduction - British aim of the economic policy was the exploitation of Indian resource. The British in India introduced various land revenue systems after they got revenue collection rights in the late 18th Century. The major land revenue systems were – Permanent settlement- introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, Bihar & Orissa. It had the following distinctive features: The Zamindar was granted property rights over land. Their right of ownership was made hereditary & transferable. On the other hand, the cultivators were reduced to the low status of mere tenants and were deprived of long standing customary rights to land. The revenue rates were fixed for perpetuity. While the stability of tax revenue system was supposed to incentivize the landlord to increase agricultural production Ryotwari Settlement: Thomas Munro (1820) recommended the introduction of Ryotwari system in Madras and Bombay presidency. Under this system, the revenue settlement was to be made directly with the cultivators/ryots. The cultivator was to be recognized as the owner of his plot of land subject to the payment of land revenue The settlement under the Ryotwari system was not made permanent. It was revised periodically after 20-30 years when the revenue demand was usually raised Mahalwari Settlement: William Bentinck (1822) introduced in Ganga valley, North-West provinces, part of central India and Punjab. Here the revenue settlement was made at the village level IMPACT OF COLONIAL LAND REVENUE POLICIES High burden of taxation: the peasantry suffered under the new revenue settlement systems imposed by the British. Commodification of land and alienation of cultivators from their land: the British system of revenue settlement didn’t recognize the customary rights of cultivators and made the land a marketable commodity. Shift in the pattern of cultivation from food crops to cash crops: to meet the high revenue demands Destruction of self sufficiency of Indian villages. More pressure on Agriculture Destruction of the livelihood of peasants and artisans Alienation of the old Zamindari class: the inability to meet the high revenue demands imposed by the British saw the old Zamindar being deposed of their erstwhile Zamindari and the rise of the new merchant-Zamindar Conclusion – The new land revenue system of British changed the rural Indian economy completely and made the village economy dependent on world economics and its fluctuations. This led to discontent among the peasants that ultimately led to peasant revolts.
| 34,038
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What is meant by Balance of payment? Current Account Deficit is more sensitive as compared to Fiscal deficit. Explain. (200 words)
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##Question:What is meant by Balance of payment? Current Account Deficit is more sensitive as compared to Fiscal deficit. Explain. (200 words)##Answer:.
| 34,041
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Which of the statements given below is/are correct regarding Model Code of Conduct in India? 1. It is prepared by the Central government in consultation with the Election Commission of India. 2. It is enforced from the date of announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission. 3. The code is applicable even during bye-elections in the entire district or districts in which the constituency falls. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
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Statement 1 is not correct: The Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines formulated by the Election Commission of India. The MCC for guidance of political parties and candidates is a set of norms which has been evolved with the consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect and observe it in its letter and spirit. Statement 2 is correct: The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date of announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission and is operational till the process of elections are completed. Statement 3 is correct : Applicability of MCC a. During general elections to House of People (Lok Sabha), the code is applicable throughout the country. b. During general elections to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), the code is applicable in the entire State. c. During bye-elections, the code is applicable in the entire district or districts in which the constituency falls.
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##Question:Which of the statements given below is/are correct regarding Model Code of Conduct in India? 1. It is prepared by the Central government in consultation with the Election Commission of India. 2. It is enforced from the date of announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission. 3. The code is applicable even during bye-elections in the entire district or districts in which the constituency falls. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 and 2 only(b) 3 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 ##Answer: Statement 1 is not correct: The Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines formulated by the Election Commission of India. The MCC for guidance of political parties and candidates is a set of norms which has been evolved with the consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect and observe it in its letter and spirit. Statement 2 is correct: The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date of announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission and is operational till the process of elections are completed. Statement 3 is correct : Applicability of MCC a. During general elections to House of People (Lok Sabha), the code is applicable throughout the country. b. During general elections to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), the code is applicable in the entire State. c. During bye-elections, the code is applicable in the entire district or districts in which the constituency falls.
| 34,051
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"Care for elderly" is fast emerging as a critical element for both public and private concern. Discuss the statement in the context of India"s increasing population of elderly. (150 words.10 marks)
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Approach: Introduction- Statistics to exemplify increasing population of Old Age along with facts about linking statement about increasing concern In the body of the answer discuss Problems in the public sphere Then try to discuss Concerns at private place Highlight Government efforts to addrerss concern (briefly) Suggest way forward Briefly Answer: According to Census 2011, the population of old age is approximately 8.6% which is expected to increase to 20% by 2050. The elderly, being one of the most vulnerable section of society needs proper care and concern, but unfortunately are facing challenges both in the private and public arena. India has seen 35.5% increase in the old age population from 2001 to 2011 and by 2050 elderly population will be entering the phase of Longevity Dividend.Accourding to data realeased by United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) , the elderly population in India will increase by 360% by 2050. Care for elderly is a public concern because of the following reasons: Lack of health care infrastructure Lack of accessibility to proper and efficient resources. Insufficient and dilapidated old age homes. Unavailability and awareness about social security benefits. Abuse in various forms. Care for elderly is a private concern because of the following reasons: Breaking down of family value systems Negligence in family resulting in isolation and neglect within the family Financial dependence for basic needs Various forms of abuse faced by the elderly(be it physical,mental,financial etc) Government Efforts (only names of schemes to be written) Integrtaed programme for older persons Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) Efforts by various Ministries of Finance, Civil Aviation, Railways etc. Way Forward Hence, with the growing old age population ,India needs to get ready and reap the benefits of longevity dividend by bringing inclusive tailored social security benefits, creating awareness about the same and removing the hindrances associated in effective implementation of the concerned policy. Behavioral change for the elderly among all is also the need of the hour.
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##Question:"Care for elderly" is fast emerging as a critical element for both public and private concern. Discuss the statement in the context of India"s increasing population of elderly. (150 words.10 marks)##Answer:Approach: Introduction- Statistics to exemplify increasing population of Old Age along with facts about linking statement about increasing concern In the body of the answer discuss Problems in the public sphere Then try to discuss Concerns at private place Highlight Government efforts to addrerss concern (briefly) Suggest way forward Briefly Answer: According to Census 2011, the population of old age is approximately 8.6% which is expected to increase to 20% by 2050. The elderly, being one of the most vulnerable section of society needs proper care and concern, but unfortunately are facing challenges both in the private and public arena. India has seen 35.5% increase in the old age population from 2001 to 2011 and by 2050 elderly population will be entering the phase of Longevity Dividend.Accourding to data realeased by United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) , the elderly population in India will increase by 360% by 2050. Care for elderly is a public concern because of the following reasons: Lack of health care infrastructure Lack of accessibility to proper and efficient resources. Insufficient and dilapidated old age homes. Unavailability and awareness about social security benefits. Abuse in various forms. Care for elderly is a private concern because of the following reasons: Breaking down of family value systems Negligence in family resulting in isolation and neglect within the family Financial dependence for basic needs Various forms of abuse faced by the elderly(be it physical,mental,financial etc) Government Efforts (only names of schemes to be written) Integrtaed programme for older persons Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) Efforts by various Ministries of Finance, Civil Aviation, Railways etc. Way Forward Hence, with the growing old age population ,India needs to get ready and reap the benefits of longevity dividend by bringing inclusive tailored social security benefits, creating awareness about the same and removing the hindrances associated in effective implementation of the concerned policy. Behavioral change for the elderly among all is also the need of the hour.
| 34,075
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In the early medieval period, Buddhism started to disappear from India. Find out the reasons. (150 words/10 Marks)
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Brief Approach - 1. Briefly discuss the origin of Buddhism 2. Give a few points about the spread of Buddhism 3. Discuss the reasons for the decline of Buddhism in India ANSWER Buddhism was originated in India during 5th and 6th century B.C. The origin of Buddhism is associated with the life of Gautam Buddha. At the age of 29, he became a wanderer in the search of truth. It was only in the age of 35, he attained enlightenment. Then he gave his first sermon as Buddha at Sarnath. After the death of Buddha, his followers led to the formation the Buddhism. Although originated in India, but Buddhism was spread throughout South Asia and East Asia. Mauryan era saw the great expansion of Buddhism. The great role was played by Ashoka as he sent many missions to spread Buddhism all over Asia. After Ashoka, the important role was played by Kanishka. Reasons for the decline of Buddhism 1. Radical reforms proposed- The reforms proposed by Buddhism at the time were too radical for the period, and hence were not easily accepted by the society at that time for eg. abolition of the caste system was not accepted by the society. 2. Reforms in Hinduism - For example, it banned animal sacrifice. This helped Hinduism to re-emerge. Sanskritisation and Bhakti movement also played their part in the emergence of Hinduism 3. The rise of Vaishnavism was taking place which went to the extent of proclaiming Buddha as an incarnation of Vishnu. 4. Dilution of Buddhism - There were several factors that led to the dilution of Buddhism: Changing times Decline of morality among monks- They were attracted towards luxurious life, and taking enormous grants from the kings. This led to widespread corruption within monasteries Induction of women The division of Buddhism into Hinayana and Mahayana. 5. The decline in patronage – in the later period, Buddhism started to lose the patronage that was earlier provided in the Mauryan era and Saka period. Also in Sungha and later dynasties like Gupta"s patronised Brahmanism and were sometimes hostile to Buddhism 6. Use of Sanskrit – earlier, Buddhism used Pali language that was easily understandable by the common man. But later Monks started to speak the elite language that is Sanskrit as opposed to the language of the people Pali which was earlier used for propagation of Buddha"s teachings. 7. As long as it reacted as a reformative flank in India, Buddhism gained ground but when it began to act against the Vedic religion, which was the religion of the majority, Buddhism lost sympathy in India. 8. The Hun, Turk, Mongol, Islamic invasions further weakened it. These are the reasons why Buddhism disappeared from India for many years despite being born and flourished in India.
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##Question:In the early medieval period, Buddhism started to disappear from India. Find out the reasons. (150 words/10 Marks)##Answer:Brief Approach - 1. Briefly discuss the origin of Buddhism 2. Give a few points about the spread of Buddhism 3. Discuss the reasons for the decline of Buddhism in India ANSWER Buddhism was originated in India during 5th and 6th century B.C. The origin of Buddhism is associated with the life of Gautam Buddha. At the age of 29, he became a wanderer in the search of truth. It was only in the age of 35, he attained enlightenment. Then he gave his first sermon as Buddha at Sarnath. After the death of Buddha, his followers led to the formation the Buddhism. Although originated in India, but Buddhism was spread throughout South Asia and East Asia. Mauryan era saw the great expansion of Buddhism. The great role was played by Ashoka as he sent many missions to spread Buddhism all over Asia. After Ashoka, the important role was played by Kanishka. Reasons for the decline of Buddhism 1. Radical reforms proposed- The reforms proposed by Buddhism at the time were too radical for the period, and hence were not easily accepted by the society at that time for eg. abolition of the caste system was not accepted by the society. 2. Reforms in Hinduism - For example, it banned animal sacrifice. This helped Hinduism to re-emerge. Sanskritisation and Bhakti movement also played their part in the emergence of Hinduism 3. The rise of Vaishnavism was taking place which went to the extent of proclaiming Buddha as an incarnation of Vishnu. 4. Dilution of Buddhism - There were several factors that led to the dilution of Buddhism: Changing times Decline of morality among monks- They were attracted towards luxurious life, and taking enormous grants from the kings. This led to widespread corruption within monasteries Induction of women The division of Buddhism into Hinayana and Mahayana. 5. The decline in patronage – in the later period, Buddhism started to lose the patronage that was earlier provided in the Mauryan era and Saka period. Also in Sungha and later dynasties like Gupta"s patronised Brahmanism and were sometimes hostile to Buddhism 6. Use of Sanskrit – earlier, Buddhism used Pali language that was easily understandable by the common man. But later Monks started to speak the elite language that is Sanskrit as opposed to the language of the people Pali which was earlier used for propagation of Buddha"s teachings. 7. As long as it reacted as a reformative flank in India, Buddhism gained ground but when it began to act against the Vedic religion, which was the religion of the majority, Buddhism lost sympathy in India. 8. The Hun, Turk, Mongol, Islamic invasions further weakened it. These are the reasons why Buddhism disappeared from India for many years despite being born and flourished in India.
| 34,077
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To what extent British land revenue policies differed from their pre-colonial counterparts. Discuss.(200 words)
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##Question:To what extent British land revenue policies differed from their pre-colonial counterparts. Discuss.(200 words)##Answer:.
| 34,078
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Write short notes on: (100 words each) Pattern of Industrialization under British rule Drain of Wealth Theory
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##Question:Write short notes on: (100 words each) Pattern of Industrialization under British rule Drain of Wealth Theory ##Answer:.
| 34,079
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The war of 1857 was more than a mutiny but less than a war of independence. Discuss. (250 words/15 marks)
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Introduction The war of 1857 was the first collective resistance towards the tyranny of the British. VD Savarkar called this was as " first war of Independence ." Body Why it is called Mutiny? Many British historians called it a “Sepoy Mutiny”. To some extent this is true as the immediate cause of the revolt was discontent among the soldiers. For example, discrimination in Army, issue of greased cartridges, restirctions on carrying religious symbols etc. Why more than mutiny? Although during the starting phase it can be called a mutiny, but afterward due to the involvement of multiple actors from different regions with diverse grievances, it changed its face and became more than a mutiny: 1. Political reasons for the spread of the war was a shift from subsidiary alliance to Policy of Annexation. The doctrine of Lapse introduced by Dalhousie and Annexation of Awadh fuelled the rebellion. 2. Economic reasons being high taxation, the commodification of land and conditions of peasants. These peasants also used to get employed in the army due to their oppression being a farmer. 3. Socio-religious reforms like abolition of sati and widows remarriage act led to the dissension among conservatives. 4. Role of the Christian missionary in evangelization led to the agitation among the native religions. Reasons for it being less than a war of independence: 1. Limited territorial extent - Mainly North and Central India regions were active, whereas the southern and Western India largely remained aloof 2. Most of the leaders of the mutiny were involved for the self-interest as they wanted the respective territories back. Ex-In Bihar, the revolt was led by Kunwar Singh, the zamindar of Jagdishpur. He was above 70 years and held a grudge against the British for depriving him of his estates. 3. Zamindars were more interested in gaining their land back irrespective of who was the rulers. 4. Lack of national identity: As the concept of India as a nation was not developed yet. Infact, locals went on to support the British. For example, Scindhias actively spported British, Sikh soldiers were not part of mutiny, there was no support of the intellectual class etc. 5. The revolt was sporadic and not well planned and organized. Conclusion Thus it can be argued that whether it was either a mutiny or a war of independence but the revolt was a beginning of Indian national movement. Because of this revolt Britishers introduced many changes in administration afterward. for ex- GoI act 1858, introduction of Viceroy ,racial discrimination in the army (Martial and non-martialraces) etc.
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##Question:The war of 1857 was more than a mutiny but less than a war of independence. Discuss. (250 words/15 marks)##Answer:Introduction The war of 1857 was the first collective resistance towards the tyranny of the British. VD Savarkar called this was as " first war of Independence ." Body Why it is called Mutiny? Many British historians called it a “Sepoy Mutiny”. To some extent this is true as the immediate cause of the revolt was discontent among the soldiers. For example, discrimination in Army, issue of greased cartridges, restirctions on carrying religious symbols etc. Why more than mutiny? Although during the starting phase it can be called a mutiny, but afterward due to the involvement of multiple actors from different regions with diverse grievances, it changed its face and became more than a mutiny: 1. Political reasons for the spread of the war was a shift from subsidiary alliance to Policy of Annexation. The doctrine of Lapse introduced by Dalhousie and Annexation of Awadh fuelled the rebellion. 2. Economic reasons being high taxation, the commodification of land and conditions of peasants. These peasants also used to get employed in the army due to their oppression being a farmer. 3. Socio-religious reforms like abolition of sati and widows remarriage act led to the dissension among conservatives. 4. Role of the Christian missionary in evangelization led to the agitation among the native religions. Reasons for it being less than a war of independence: 1. Limited territorial extent - Mainly North and Central India regions were active, whereas the southern and Western India largely remained aloof 2. Most of the leaders of the mutiny were involved for the self-interest as they wanted the respective territories back. Ex-In Bihar, the revolt was led by Kunwar Singh, the zamindar of Jagdishpur. He was above 70 years and held a grudge against the British for depriving him of his estates. 3. Zamindars were more interested in gaining their land back irrespective of who was the rulers. 4. Lack of national identity: As the concept of India as a nation was not developed yet. Infact, locals went on to support the British. For example, Scindhias actively spported British, Sikh soldiers were not part of mutiny, there was no support of the intellectual class etc. 5. The revolt was sporadic and not well planned and organized. Conclusion Thus it can be argued that whether it was either a mutiny or a war of independence but the revolt was a beginning of Indian national movement. Because of this revolt Britishers introduced many changes in administration afterward. for ex- GoI act 1858, introduction of Viceroy ,racial discrimination in the army (Martial and non-martialraces) etc.
| 34,080
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Briefly discuss various causes of revolt of 1857. (200 words)
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##Question:Briefly discuss various causes of revolt of 1857. (200 words)##Answer:.
| 34,085
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Briefly discuss the stages of formation of Universe with reference to the Big Bang theory. (150 words / 10 Marks)
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Brief Approach 1. Introduce the answer by briefly explaining the Big Bang theory ( A timeline can be drawn by the student in order to highlight the chronology of the events.) 2. Then explain the stages in the formation of the Universe 3. Conclude accordingly, one can also conclude highlighting Present Context how it can in Understanding mysteries of the Universe. Answer The Big Bang Theory is also known as the "expanding universe theory” is one of the most important theories explaining the origin of the universe. It was Edwin Hubble, who provided evidence regarding the expanding nature of the universe. The expansion occurred in such a way that the distance between the stars and galaxies increases without any increase in the size of the stars. With the benefit of improved telescopes, Hubble proved that the light coming from these galaxies was shifted a little towards the red end of the spectrum due to the Doppler effect (known as “redshift”), which indicated that the galaxies were moving away from us. Edwin identifies three stages of the evolution of the universe:- Stage 1: Beginning - All the matter of the universe existed as a "tiny ball" called Singularity having an unimaginably small volume, infinite temperature & density Stage Stage 2: At the Big Bang: as the "tiny ball" exploded violently, the energy started expanding at a very rapid pace in the initial moments. With time, energy started getting converted into matter Stage 3: Within 3,00,000 years: the temperature dropped to 4500K and gave rise to atomic matter. Here on, the universe became transparent. Various cosmic bodies started taking shapes, which ultimately led to the Formation of Galaxies, Stars, Solar System etc. Conclusion It not only explains the formation of the universe but also formation of galaxies, stars, planets and the existence of dark matter and energy or black hole. In the present context, it gives us an insight into our universe; helps provide a test for general relativity, which could have been used to predict the expansion.
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##Question:Briefly discuss the stages of formation of Universe with reference to the Big Bang theory. (150 words / 10 Marks)##Answer: Brief Approach 1. Introduce the answer by briefly explaining the Big Bang theory ( A timeline can be drawn by the student in order to highlight the chronology of the events.) 2. Then explain the stages in the formation of the Universe 3. Conclude accordingly, one can also conclude highlighting Present Context how it can in Understanding mysteries of the Universe. Answer The Big Bang Theory is also known as the "expanding universe theory” is one of the most important theories explaining the origin of the universe. It was Edwin Hubble, who provided evidence regarding the expanding nature of the universe. The expansion occurred in such a way that the distance between the stars and galaxies increases without any increase in the size of the stars. With the benefit of improved telescopes, Hubble proved that the light coming from these galaxies was shifted a little towards the red end of the spectrum due to the Doppler effect (known as “redshift”), which indicated that the galaxies were moving away from us. Edwin identifies three stages of the evolution of the universe:- Stage 1: Beginning - All the matter of the universe existed as a "tiny ball" called Singularity having an unimaginably small volume, infinite temperature & density Stage Stage 2: At the Big Bang: as the "tiny ball" exploded violently, the energy started expanding at a very rapid pace in the initial moments. With time, energy started getting converted into matter Stage 3: Within 3,00,000 years: the temperature dropped to 4500K and gave rise to atomic matter. Here on, the universe became transparent. Various cosmic bodies started taking shapes, which ultimately led to the Formation of Galaxies, Stars, Solar System etc. Conclusion It not only explains the formation of the universe but also formation of galaxies, stars, planets and the existence of dark matter and energy or black hole. In the present context, it gives us an insight into our universe; helps provide a test for general relativity, which could have been used to predict the expansion.
| 34,097
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Discuss the three methods for calculating GDP. (150 words| 10 marks)
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##Question:Discuss the three methods for calculating GDP. (150 words| 10 marks)##Answer:.
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Explain the concept of GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).(150 words/10 marks)
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##Question:Explain the concept of GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP).(150 words/10 marks)##Answer:.
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What do you understand by base year in GDP calculation? Also, what is the rationale and criteria for selecting a Base year in GDP calculation? (150 words| 10 marks)
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##Question:What do you understand by base year in GDP calculation? Also, what is the rationale and criteria for selecting a Base year in GDP calculation? (150 words| 10 marks) ##Answer:.
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What do you understand by capital market? Discuss different instruments of capital market.(200 words
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##Question:What do you understand by capital market? Discuss different instruments of capital market.(200 words##Answer:,
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Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. BADLA System 2. Bearish and Bullish Market
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##Question:Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. BADLA System 2. Bearish and Bullish Market##Answer:,
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Explain the differences between Money market and Capital Market.(150 words|
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##Question:Explain the differences between Money market and Capital Market.(150 words|##Answer:,
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What were the issues associated with GATT? How is the functioning of WTO as compared to GATT ?(150 words | 10 marks)
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##Question:What were the issues associated with GATT? How is the functioning of WTO as compared to GATT ?(150 words | 10 marks)##Answer:,
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What is the purpose of setting up a Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)? What are its objectives? What is its present composition? (150 words| 10 marks)
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##Question:What is the purpose of setting up a Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)? What are its objectives? What is its present composition? (150 words| 10 marks) ##Answer:.
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Write short note on (50 words| 5 marks) a)Incremental Capital Output Ratio b)Functions of RBI c)Islamic Banking
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##Question:Write short note on (50 words| 5 marks) a)Incremental Capital Output Ratio b)Functions of RBI c)Islamic Banking##Answer:.
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What are derivatives? Differentiate between futures and options.(200 words|
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##Question:What are derivatives? Differentiate between futures and options.(200 words|##Answer:,
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Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. Rolling Settlement System 2. Mutual Funds 3. Inflation Indexed Bonds
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##Question:Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. Rolling Settlement System 2. Mutual Funds 3. Inflation Indexed Bonds##Answer:,
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Examine the significance of Masala bonds for the Indian economy. (150 words|
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##Question:Examine the significance of Masala bonds for the Indian economy. (150 words|##Answer:,
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Discuss Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary agreement in context of WTO. Is it successful creating uniform standard of health protection? (200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:Discuss Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary agreement in context of WTO. Is it successful creating uniform standard of health protection? (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:,
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Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Trade Facilitation Agreement 2. Special and Differential treatment.
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##Question:Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Trade Facilitation Agreement 2. Special and Differential treatment.##Answer:,
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What is meant by Credit Rationing by RBI? Also mention RBI guidelines in this regard. (150 words| 10 marks)
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##Question:What is meant by Credit Rationing by RBI? Also mention RBI guidelines in this regard. (150 words| 10 marks) ##Answer:.
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Write short note on (150 words) a) Different Types of Banks in India b) Currency printing and issuing function of RBI
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##Question:Write short note on (150 words) a) Different Types of Banks in India b) Currency printing and issuing function of RBI##Answer:.
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What is meant by Balance of payment? Current Account Deficit is more sensitive as compared to Fiscal deficit. Explain (150 words
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##Question:What is meant by Balance of payment? Current Account Deficit is more sensitive as compared to Fiscal deficit. Explain (150 words##Answer:,
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Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. SENSEX and NIFTY 2. ADR and GDR 3. Quantitative Easing 4. Exchange Traded Funds
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##Question:Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. SENSEX and NIFTY 2. ADR and GDR 3. Quantitative Easing 4. Exchange Traded Funds##Answer:,
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Explain the difference between FDI and FII. Which one among these two is beneficial for India and why? (150 words|
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##Question:Explain the difference between FDI and FII. Which one among these two is beneficial for India and why? (150 words|##Answer:,
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What are patents? Differentiate between process based and product based patents. (200 words|10 marks)
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##Question:What are patents? Differentiate between process based and product based patents. (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:,
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Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. Government route and Automatic route in FDI 2. Types of FDI
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##Question:Write a short note on the following: (50 words) 1. Government route and Automatic route in FDI 2. Types of FDI##Answer:,
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WTO’s TRIPS agreement has shaped India’s intellectual property norms. Substantiate.
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##Question:WTO’s TRIPS agreement has shaped India’s intellectual property norms. Substantiate.##Answer:,
| 34,194
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Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Compulsory licensing clause of WTO 2. TRIMs
|
,
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##Question:Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Compulsory licensing clause of WTO 2. TRIMs##Answer:,
| 34,195
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Critically evaluate the pros and cons of merger of banks with special emphasis on recent merger of the five associate banks with the SBI. (200 words)
|
.
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##Question:Critically evaluate the pros and cons of merger of banks with special emphasis on recent merger of the five associate banks with the SBI. (200 words) ##Answer:.
| 34,197
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Both Payment Banks and Small Banks are differentiated banks with the common objective of furthering financial inclusion and these banks are necessary for bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this? Give arguments to justify your opinion. (200 words)
|
.
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##Question:Both Payment Banks and Small Banks are differentiated banks with the common objective of furthering financial inclusion and these banks are necessary for bringing unbanked to the institutional finance fold. Do you agree with this? Give arguments to justify your opinion. (200 words) ##Answer:.
| 34,198
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Write Short Notes on the following: 1.Call Money 2.Qualitative methods of credit control used by RBI
|
.
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##Question:Write Short Notes on the following: 1.Call Money 2.Qualitative methods of credit control used by RBI##Answer:.
| 34,199
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Explain the significance of SARFAESI Act and CIBIL in promoting good banking practices in India.
|
.
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##Question:Explain the significance of SARFAESI Act and CIBIL in promoting good banking practices in India.##Answer:.
| 34,200
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Write a short note on each of the following; 1. World Bank Group 2. SDR
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,
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##Question:Write a short note on each of the following; 1. World Bank Group 2. SDR##Answer:,
| 34,201
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Briefly explain the objectives of the IMF and critically analyse its performance in the present context.
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,
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##Question:Briefly explain the objectives of the IMF and critically analyse its performance in the present context.##Answer:,
| 34,202
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Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Neem Based Urea 2. Food security in India
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,
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##Question:Write a short note on each of the following; 1. Neem Based Urea 2. Food security in India##Answer:,
| 34,203
|
Briefly explain the rationale behind introducing Nutrient Based SubsidyScheme and how far it has been successful to curb the problem at hand.
|
,
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##Question:Briefly explain the rationale behind introducing Nutrient Based SubsidyScheme and how far it has been successful to curb the problem at hand.##Answer:,
| 34,204
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Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these huge problems. Suggest measures for improvement.(150 words|10 marks)
|
,
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##Question:Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these huge problems. Suggest measures for improvement.(150 words|10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,205
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Poverty alleviation programs in India remain near showpieces until and unless they are backed by political will. Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programs in India.
|
,
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##Question:Poverty alleviation programs in India remain near showpieces until and unless they are backed by political will. Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty alleviation programs in India.##Answer:,
| 34,206
|
Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement.(200 word | 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:Hunger and Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems. Suggest measures for improvement.(200 word | 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,211
|
In light of the current banking situation in India, adopting the Basel norms is crucial. Discuss. (200 words|10 marks)
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.
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##Question:In light of the current banking situation in India, adopting the Basel norms is crucial. Discuss. (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 34,212
|
What do you understand by nationalisation of banks? Highlight the objectives behind the nationalisation of banks in India. What are the effects of nationalisation of banks in India? (200 words|10 marks)
|
.
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##Question:What do you understand by nationalisation of banks? Highlight the objectives behind the nationalisation of banks in India. What are the effects of nationalisation of banks in India? (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 34,213
|
Write Short Notes on the following: 1.Capital Adequacy Ratio 2.Liquidity Coverage Ratio 3.Monetary Aggregates
|
.
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##Question:Write Short Notes on the following: 1.Capital Adequacy Ratio 2.Liquidity Coverage Ratio 3.Monetary Aggregates##Answer:.
| 34,214
|
Comment on the role of Mega Food Parks in enhancing regional as well as individual prosperity. (150 words| 10 marks)
|
,
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##Question:Comment on the role of Mega Food Parks in enhancing regional as well as individual prosperity. (150 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,215
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Explain the backward and forward linkages related to Food Processing Industry with the use of examples. (150 Words| 10 marks)
|
,
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##Question:Explain the backward and forward linkages related to Food Processing Industry with the use of examples. (150 Words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,216
|
What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing units? How the food processing units will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (150 words | 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:What are the reasons for poor acceptance of cost effective small processing units? How the food processing units will be helpful to uplift the socio-economic status of poor farmers? (150 words | 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,217
|
What do you understand by demand for grants? Discuss briefly different types of Cut Motions. (200 words|10 marks)
|
.
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##Question:What do you understand by demand for grants? Discuss briefly different types of Cut Motions. (200 words|10 marks)##Answer:.
| 34,218
|
Write short notes on 1. Bank Board Bureau 2. Indradhanush scheme 3. Cut Motions
|
.
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##Question:Write short notes on 1. Bank Board Bureau 2. Indradhanush scheme 3. Cut Motions ##Answer:.
| 34,219
|
In the view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non – viable for a majority of farmers , should contract farming and land leasing is promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons . (200 Words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:In the view of the declining average size of land holdings in India which has made agriculture non – viable for a majority of farmers , should contract farming and land leasing is promoted in agriculture? Critically evaluate the pros and cons . (200 Words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,220
|
Establish the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation in agriculture friendly land reforms in India.(200 Words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:Establish the relationship between land reforms, agriculture productivity and elimination of poverty in the Indian economy. Discuss the difficulties in designing and implementation in agriculture friendly land reforms in India.(200 Words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,221
|
Discuss the role of MIGA in promotion of FDI in developing nations. (150 words |
|
,
|
##Question:Discuss the role of MIGA in promotion of FDI in developing nations. (150 words |##Answer:,
| 34,222
|
Write short notes on: i) Chit funds ii) Transferable development rights
|
,
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##Question:Write short notes on: i) Chit funds ii) Transferable development rights##Answer:,
| 34,223
|
What do understand by e-commerce? Discuss the different models of e-commerce and justify the regulations of FDI in e-commerce in India.(200 words
|
,
|
##Question:What do understand by e-commerce? Discuss the different models of e-commerce and justify the regulations of FDI in e-commerce in India.(200 words##Answer:,
| 34,224
|
Differentiate between Wholesale Price Index and Consumer Price Index. (150 words|10 marks)
|
.
|
##Question:Differentiate between Wholesale Price Index and Consumer Price Index. (150 words|10 marks) ##Answer:.
| 34,227
|
.Till 1991, the emphasis of industrial policy was on "regulation". The New Industrial Policy of 1991 shifts emphasis from regulation to development. What were the reasons that necessitated such shift in the economy? Also, analyse the New Industrial Policy of 1991 in meeting its objective. (250 words| 12.5 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:.Till 1991, the emphasis of industrial policy was on "regulation". The New Industrial Policy of 1991 shifts emphasis from regulation to development. What were the reasons that necessitated such shift in the economy? Also, analyse the New Industrial Policy of 1991 in meeting its objective. (250 words| 12.5 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,228
|
Differentiate between Disinvestment and Privatization. ( 100 words| 5 marks )
|
,
|
##Question:Differentiate between Disinvestment and Privatization. ( 100 words| 5 marks )##Answer:,
| 34,229
|
What is Specific tax and ad valorem tax? Give examples. (150 words|10 marks)
|
.
|
##Question:What is Specific tax and ad valorem tax? Give examples. (150 words|10 marks) ##Answer:.
| 34,230
|
Write short notes on (150 words) 1.Direct and Indirect Taxes 2.Progressive and Regressive taxes 3. Laffer curve
|
.
|
##Question:Write short notes on (150 words) 1.Direct and Indirect Taxes 2.Progressive and Regressive taxes 3. Laffer curve##Answer:.
| 34,231
|
Differentiate between NEER and REER. (150 words | 10 marks) Q. Write short notes on: (5 marks | 100 words) i) Prisoner’s dilemma ii) Impossible trinity
|
,
|
##Question:Differentiate between NEER and REER. (150 words | 10 marks) Q. Write short notes on: (5 marks | 100 words) i) Prisoner’s dilemma ii) Impossible trinity##Answer:,
| 34,232
|
Write a note on measures taken by SEBI to control the menace of Shell Companies. (150 words)
|
,
|
##Question:Write a note on measures taken by SEBI to control the menace of Shell Companies. (150 words)##Answer:,
| 34,233
|
Discuss the needs and benefits of Minimum Alternate Tax. (150 words|10 marks)
|
.
|
##Question:Discuss the needs and benefits of Minimum Alternate Tax. (150 words|10 marks) ##Answer:.
| 34,234
|
Write short notes on 1. Laffer Curve 2. Cess and Surcharge 3. Tax Planning Vs. Tax Evasion
|
.
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##Question:Write short notes on 1. Laffer Curve 2. Cess and Surcharge 3. Tax Planning Vs. Tax Evasion##Answer:.
| 34,235
|
What is meant by Tonnage Tax? Explain the significance of introducing this tax in India.
|
.
|
##Question:What is meant by Tonnage Tax? Explain the significance of introducing this tax in India.##Answer:.
| 34,236
|
What are the causes of growing unemployment in India? What are the approaches followed by the government to measure unemployment?
|
,
|
##Question:What are the causes of growing unemployment in India? What are the approaches followed by the government to measure unemployment?##Answer:,
| 34,238
|
PPPs must aim at bringing private resources into public projects, not public resources into private projects. This trend will not change unless accountability procedures on PPPs are clearly delineated. Examine. (200 words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:PPPs must aim at bringing private resources into public projects, not public resources into private projects. This trend will not change unless accountability procedures on PPPs are clearly delineated. Examine. (200 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,239
|
How is the EPC model of investment in infrastructure different from the BOT model? What are reasons behind a favourable push for the EPC model over PPP in road sector in recent years? (200 words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:How is the EPC model of investment in infrastructure different from the BOT model? What are reasons behind a favourable push for the EPC model over PPP in road sector in recent years? (200 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,240
|
Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs in India. Suggest some measures to overcome the same. (200 words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:Discuss the issues plaguing the success of SEZs in India. Suggest some measures to overcome the same. (200 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,241
|
What are the prerequisites for the development of Infrastructure sector in India. Discuss the steps taken by Government to promote development of Infrastructure. (200 words| 10 marks)
|
,
|
##Question:What are the prerequisites for the development of Infrastructure sector in India. Discuss the steps taken by Government to promote development of Infrastructure. (200 words| 10 marks)##Answer:,
| 34,242
|
Write a short note on the following: (75 words each/ 10 marks) 1. Built Operate Transfer Model 2. Swiss Challenge Model
|
,
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##Question:Write a short note on the following: (75 words each/ 10 marks) 1. Built Operate Transfer Model 2. Swiss Challenge Model##Answer:,
| 34,243
|
Write short notes on the following: a) Types of Poverty b) Automation effect on unemployment
|
,
|
##Question:Write short notes on the following: a) Types of Poverty b) Automation effect on unemployment##Answer:,
| 34,244
|
Discuss the evolution of measurement of poverty line. Critically analyse the rationale behind the various committee’s recommendation
|
,
|
##Question:Discuss the evolution of measurement of poverty line. Critically analyse the rationale behind the various committee’s recommendation##Answer:,
| 34,245
|
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