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every kind of benefit to the world, he was the conqueror of the universes. One should also take the name of the royal sage
Sweta of illustrious fame. He had gratified the great Mahadeva and it was for his sake that Andhaka was slain. One should also
take the name of the royal sage Bhagiratha of great fame, who, through the grace of Mahadeva, succeeded in bringing down the
sacred river from heaven (for flowing over the earth and cleansing all human beings of their sins). It was Bhagiratha who
caused the ashes of the sixty thousand sons of Sagara to be overflowed with the sacred waters of Ganga and thereby rescued
them from their sin. Indeed, one should take the names of all these that were endued with the blazing effulgence of fire, great
beauty of person, and high energy. Some of them were of awe-inspiring forms and great might. Verily, one should take the
names of these deities and Rishis and kings, those lords of the universe,--who are enhancers of fame. Sankhya, and Yoga which
is highest of the high, and Havya and Kavya and that refuge of all the Srutis, viz., Supreme Brahma, have been declared to be
the sources of great benefit to all creatures. These are sacred and sin-cleansing and have been spoken of very highly. These are
the foremost of medicines for allaying all diseases, and are the inducers of the success in respect of all deeds. Restraining one's
senses, one should, O Bharata, take the names of these, morning and evening. It is these that protect. It is these that shower
rain. It is these that shine and give light and heat. It is these that blow. It is these that create all things. These are regarded as the
foremost of all, as the leaders of the universe, as highly clever in the accomplishment of all things, as endued with forgiveness,
as complete masters of the senses. Indeed, it has been said that they dispel all the evils to which human beings are subject.
These high-souled ones are the witnesses of all good and bad deeds. Rising up in the morning one should take their names, for
by this, one is sure to acquire all that is good. He who takes the names of them becomes freed from the fear of fires and of
thieves. Such a man never finds his way obstructed by any impediment. By taking the names of these high-souled ones, one
becomes free from bad dreams of every kind. Cleared from every sin, such men take birth in auspicious families. That
regenerate person who, with restrained senses, recites these names on the occasions of performing the initiatory rites of
sacrifices and other religious observances, becomes, as the consequence thereof, endued with righteousness, devoted to the
study of the soul, possessed of forgiveness and self-restraint, and free from malice. If a man that is afflicted with disease recites
them, he becomes freed from his sin in the form of disease. By reciting them within a house, all evils are dispelled from the
inmates. By reciting them within a field, the growth is helped of all kinds of crops. Reciting them at the time of setting out on a
journey, or while one is away from one's home, one meets with good fortune. These names lead to the protection of one's own
self, of one's children and spouses, of one's wealth, and of one's seeds, and plants. The Kshatriya who recites these names at the
time of joining a battle sees destruction overtake his foes and good fortune crown him and his party. The man who recites these
names on the occasions of performing the rites in honour of the deities or the Pitris, helps the Pitris and deities eat the
sacrificial Havya and Kavya. The man that recites them becomes freed from fear of diseases and beasts of prey, of elephants
and thieves. His load of anxiety becomes lightened, and he becomes freed from every sin. By reciting these excellent Savitri
Mantras on board a vessel, or in a vehicle, or in the courts of kings, one attains to high success. There where these Mantras are
recited, fire does not burn wood. There children do not die, nor snakes dwell. Indeed, at such places, there can be no fear of the
king, nor of Pisachas and Rakshasas.[607] Verily, the man who recites these Mantras ceases to have any fear of fire or water or
wind or beasts of prey. These Savitri Mantras, recited duly, contribute to the peace and well-being of all the four orders. Those
men who recite them with reverence become freed from every sorrow and at last attain to a high end. Even these are the results
achieved by them that recite these Savitri Mantras which are of the form of Brahma. That man who recites these Mantras in the
midst of kine sees his kine become fruitful. Whether when setting out on a journey, or entering a house on coming back, one
should recite these Mantras on every occasion. These Mantras constitute a great mystery of the Rishis and are the very highest
of those which they silently recite. Even such are these Mantras unto them who practise the duty of recitation and pour
libations on the sacrificial fire. This that I have said unto thee is the excellent opinion of Parasara. It was recited in former days
unto Sakra himself. Representing as it does Truth or Eternal Brahman. I have declared it in full to thee. It constitutes that heart
of all creatures, and is the highest Sruti. All the princes of the race of Soma and of Surya, viz., the Raghavas and the Kauravas,
recite these Mantras every day after having purified themselves, These constitute the highest end of human creatures. There is
rescue from every trouble and calamity in the daily recitation of the names of the deities of the seven Rishis, and of Dhruva.
Indeed, such recitation speedily frees one from distress. The sages of olden times, viz., Kasyapa, Gotama, and others, and
Bhrigu Angiras and Atri and others, and Sukra, Agastya, and Vrihaspati, and others, all of whom are regenerate Rishis, have
adored these Mantras. Approved of by the son of Bharadwaja, these Mantras were attained by the sons of Richika. Verily,
having acquired them again from Vasishtha, Sakra and the Vasus went forth to battle and succeeded in subjugating the
Danavas. That man who makes a present of a hundred kine with their horns covered with plates of gold unto a Brahmana
possessed of much learning and well-conversant with the Vedas, and he who causes the excellent Bharata story to be recited in
his house every day, are said to acquire equal merits. By reciting the name of Bhrigu one's righteousness becomes enhanced.
By bowing to Vasishtha one's energy become enhanced. By bowing unto Raghu, one becomes victorious in battle. By reciting
the praises of the Aswins, one becomes freed from diseases. I have thus, O king, told thee of the Savitri Mantras which are
identical with eternal Brahman. If thou wishest to question me on any other topic thou mayst do so. I shall, O Bharata, answer
thee.'"
SECTION CLI
"Yudhishthira said, 'Who deserve to be worshipped? Who are they unto whom we should bow? How, indeed, should we
behave towards whom? What course of conduct, O grandsire, towards what classes of persons is regarded faultless?'
"Bhishma said, 'The humiliation of Brahmanas would humiliate the very deities. By bowing unto Brahmanas one does not, O
Yudhishthira, incur any fault. They, deserve to be worshipped. They deserve to have our Salutations. Thou shouldst behave
towards them as if they are thy sons. Indeed, it is those men endued with great wisdom that uphold all the worlds. The
Brahmanas are the great causeways of Righteousness in respect of all the worlds. Their happiness consists in renouncing all
kinds of wealth. They are devoted to the vow of restraining speech. They are agreeable to all creatures, and observant of
diverse excellent vows. They are the refuge of all creatures in the universe. They are the authors of all the regulations which
govern the worlds. They are possessed of great fame Penances are always their great wealth. Their power consists in speech.
Their energy flows from the duties they observe. Conversant with all duties, they are possessed of minute vision, so that they
are cognizant of the subtlest considerations. They are of righteous desires. They live the observance of well-performed duties.
They are the causeways of Righteousness. The four kinds of living creatures exist, depending upon them as their refuge. They
are the path or road along which all should go. They are the guides of all. They are the eternal upholders of all the sacrifices.
They always uphold the heavy burdens of sires and grandsires. They never droop under heavy weights even when passing
along difficult-roads like strong cattle. They are attentive to the requirements of Piths and deities and guests. They are entitled
to eat the first portions of Havya and Kavya. By the very food they eat, they rescue the three worlds from great fear. They are
as it were, the Island (for refuge) for all worlds. They are the eyes of all persons endued with sight. The wealth they possess
consists of all the branches of knowledge known by the name of Siksha and all the Srutis. Endued with great skill, they are
conversant with the most subtle relations of things. They are well-acquainted with the end of all things, and their thoughts are
always employed upon the science of the soul. They are endued with the knowledge of the beginning, the middle, and the end
of all things, and they are persons in whom doubts no longer exist in consequence of feeling certain of their knowledge. They
are fully aware of the distinctions between what is superior and what is inferior. They it is who attain to the highest end. Freed
from all attachments, cleansed of all sins, transcending all pairs of opposites (such as heat and cold, happiness and misery,
etc.), they are unconnected with all worldly things. Deserving of every honour, they are always held in great esteem by persons
endued with knowledge and high souls. They cast equal eyes on sandal-paste and filth or dirt, on what is food and what is not
rood. They see with an equal eye their brown vestments of coarse cloth and fabrics of silk and animal skins. They would live
for many days together without eating any food, and dry up their limbs by such abstention from all sustenance. They devote
themselves earnestly to the study of the Vedas, restraining their senses. They would make gods of those that are not gods, and
not gods of those that are gods. Enraged, they can create other worlds and other Regents of the worlds than those that exist.
Through the course of those high-souled ones, the ocean became so saline as to be undrinkable. The fire of their wrath yet
burns in the forest of Dandaka, unquenched by time. They are the gods of the gods, and the cause of all cause. They are the
authority of all authorities. What man of intelligence and wisdom is there that would seek to humiliate them? Amongst them
the young and the old all deserve honours. They honour one another (not in consequence of distinctions of age but) in
consequence of distinctions in respect of penances and knowledge. Even the Brahmana that is destitute of knowledge is a god
and is a high instrument for cleansing others. He amongst them, then, that is possessed of knowledge is a much higher god and
like unto the ocean when full (to the brim). Learned or unlearned, Brahmana is always a high deity. Sanctified or unsanctified
(with the aid of Mantras), Fire is ever a great deity. A blazing fire even when it burns on a crematorium, is not regarded as
tainted in consequence of the character of the spot whereon it burns. Clarified butter looks beautiful whether kept on the
sacrificial altar or in a chamber. So, if a Brahmana be always engaged in evil acts, he is still to be regarded as deserving of
honour. Indeed, know that the Brahmana is always a high deity.'"