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armenia is a landlocked country in the south caucasus region of the caucasus. the country spans eastern europe and west asia, with cultural ties to both regions. armenia is bordered on the north and east by georgia and azerbaijan and on the south and west by iran, azerbaijan's exclave nakhchivan, and turkey. the terrai...
after registering steady increases during the soviet period, the population of armenia declined from its peak value of 3.633 million in 1992 to 2.986 million in 2017. whilst the country's population increased steadily during the soviet union as a result of periods of repatriation and low emigration rates, it has declin...
the politics of armenia take place in the framework of the parliamentary representative democratic republic of armenia, whereby the president of armenia is the head of state and the prime minister of armenia the head of government, and of a multi-party system. executive power is exercised by the president and the gover...
the economy of armenia grew by 12.6% in 2022, according to the country's statistical committee and the international monetary fund. total output amounted to 8.5 trillion armenian drams, or $19.5 billion. at the same time, armenia's foreign trade turnover significantly accelerated in growth from 17.7% in 2021 to 68.6% i...
this article considers transport in armenia. railways total in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge 825 km of gauge (825 km electrified) (1995) there is no service south of yerevan. city with metro system: yerevan international links azerbaijan - closed - same gauge georgia - yes - same...
the armed forces of armenia (), sometimes referred to as the armenian army (), is the national military of armenia. it consists of personnel branches under the general staff of the armenian armed forces, which can be divided into two general branches: the ground forces, and the air force. although it was partially form...
since its independence, armenia has maintained a policy of trying to have positive and friendly relations with iran, russia, and the west, including the united states and the european union. it has full membership status in a number of international organizations, such as the council of europe and the eurasian economic...
demographics of american samoa include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects. american samoa is an unincorporated territory of the united states located in the south pacific ocean. vital statistics births and deaths structure of...
politics of american samoa takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic dependency, whereby the governor is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. american samoa is an unincorporated and unorganized territory of the united states, administered by the office of insular a...
the economy of american samoa is a traditional polynesian economy in which more than 90% of the land is communally owned. economic activity is strongly linked to the united states, with which american samoa conducts the great bulk of its foreign trade. tuna fishing and processing plants are the backbone of the private ...
events pre-1600 29 bc – octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in rome to celebrate the victory over the dalmatian tribes. 523 – john i becomes the new pope after the death of pope hormisdas. 554 – emperor justinian i rewards liberius for his service in the pragmatic sanction, granting him extensive est...
ibn sina (; 980 – june 1037 ce), commonly known in the west as avicenna (), was the preeminent philosopher and physician of the muslim world, flourishing during the islamic golden age, serving in the courts of various iranian rulers. he is often described as the father of early modern medicine. his philosophy was of th...
the men's ashes is a test cricket series played biennially between england and australia. the term originated in a satirical obituary published in a british newspaper, the sporting times, immediately after australia's 1882 victory at the oval, its first test win on english soil. the obituary stated that english cricket...
analysis (: analyses) is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts in order to gain a better understanding of it. the technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before aristotle (384–322 b.c.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent developme...
abner doubleday (june 26, 1819 – january 26, 1893) was a career united states army officer and union major general in the american civil war. he fired the first shot in defense of fort sumter, the opening battle of the war, and had a pivotal role in the early fighting at the battle of gettysburg. gettysburg was his fin...
america's national game is a book by albert spalding, published in 1911, that details the early history of the sport of baseball. it is one of the defining books in the early formative years of modern baseball. much of the story is told first-hand; since the 1850s, spalding had been involved in the game, first as a pit...
amplitude modulation (am) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave. in amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal, such as an audio signal. this technique contrasts w...
augustin-jean fresnel (10 may 1788 – 14 july 1827) was a french civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century. he is perhaps better know...
abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various western religious traditions, including christianity. the office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. the female equivalent is abbess. origins the title had its origin in the monasterie...
ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the late miocene and early pliocene epochs in the afar depression, ethiopia. originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanzees, the relation of this genus to human ancestors and whether it is a homini...
an assembly line is a manufacturing process (often called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. by mechanically moving the parts to t...
adelaide ( ; ) is the capital city of south australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in australia. "adelaide" may refer to either greater adelaide (including the adelaide hills) or the adelaide city centre. the demonym adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of adelaide. the ...
alan garner (born 17 october 1934) is an english novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional british folk tales. much of his work is rooted in the landscape, history and folklore of his native county of cheshire, north west england, being set in the region and making use of t...
events pre-1600 338 bc – a macedonian army led by philip ii defeated the combined forces of athens and thebes in the battle of chaeronea, securing macedonian hegemony in greece and the aegean. 216 bc – the carthaginian army led by hannibal defeats a numerically superior roman army at the battle of cannae. 49 bc – caesa...
the atlantic ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, that separates the old world from the new world. atlantic may also refer to: places in canada atlantic, nova scotia atlantic canada in the united states atlantic, iowa atlantic, massachusetts atlantic, north carolina, an unincorporated community in eastern...
an algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. for example, the golden ratio, , is an algebraic number, because it is a root of the polynomial . that is, it is a value for x for which the polynomial evaluates to zero. as an...
in mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. it is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. the set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. it is, loosely ...
accordions (from 19th-century german , from —"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed in a frame). the essential characteristic of the accordion is to combine in one instrument a melody sec...
artificial intelligence (ai) is the intelligence of machines or software, as opposed to the intelligence of humans or animals. it is also the field of study in computer science that develops and studies intelligent machines. "ai" may also refer to the machines themselves. ai technology is widely used throughout industr...
afro celt sound system are a european and african group who fuse electronic music with traditional gaelic and west african music. afro celt sound system were formed in 1995 by producer-guitarist simon emmerson, and feature a wide range of guest artists. in 2003, they temporarily changed their name to afrocelts before r...
this page lists some links to ancient philosophy, namely philosophical thought extending as far as early post-classical history (). overview genuine philosophical thought, depending upon original individual insights, arose in many cultures roughly contemporaneously. karl jaspers termed the intense period of philosophic...
anaximander ( ; anaximandros; ) was a pre-socratic greek philosopher who lived in miletus, a city of ionia (in modern-day turkey). he belonged to the milesian school and learned the teachings of his master thales. he succeeded thales and became the second master of that school where he counted anaximenes and, arguably,...
apl is an abbreviation, acronym, or initialism that may refer to: science and technology 132524 apl, an asteroid abductor pollicis longus muscle, in the human hand acute promyelocytic leukemia, a subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia applied physics letters, a physics journal nampula airport (iata airport code: apl), i...
an architect is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction of buildings. to practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that have human occupancy or use as their principal purpose. etymologically, the t...
an abbreviation (from latin , meaning short) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method. it may consist of a group of letters or words taken from the full version of the word or phrase; for example, the word abbreviation itself can be abbreviated as abbr., abbrv., or abbrev.; npo, for nil (or nothing) per (...
aphrodite ( ) is an ancient greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretized roman goddess counterpart , desire, sex, fertility, prosperity, and victory. aphrodite's major symbols include seashells, myrtles, roses, doves, sparrows, and swans. the cult of aphrodite...
events pre-1600 527 – byzantine emperor justin i names his nephew justinian i as co-ruler and successor to the throne. 1081 – alexios i komnenos overthrows the byzantine emperor nikephoros iii botaneiates, and, after his troops spend three days extensively looting constantinople, is formally crowned on april 4. 1572 – ...
in mathematics, a binary relation on a set is antisymmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of each of which is related by to the other. more formally, is antisymmetric precisely if for all or equivalently, the definition of antisymmetry says nothing about whether actually holds or not for any . an antisymmetr...
aleister crowley (; born edward alexander crowley; 12 october 1875 – 1 december 1947) was an english occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer. he founded the religion of thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the æon of horus in the e...
the afterlife or life after death is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousness or identity continues to exist after the death of their physical body. the surviving essential aspect varies between belief systems; it may be some partial element, or the entire soul or spi...
astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. it provides the kinematics and physical origin of the solar system and this galaxy, the milky way. history the history of astrometry is linked to the history of star catalogues, whi...
athena or athene, often given the epithet pallas, is an ancient greek goddess associated with wisdom, warfare, and handicraft who was later syncretized with the roman goddess minerva. athena was regarded as the patron and protectress of various cities across greece, particularly the city of athens, from which she most ...
the amber diceless roleplaying game is a role-playing game created and written by erick wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author roger zelazny for his chronicles of amber. the game is unusual in that no dice are used in resolving conflicts or player actions; instead a simple diceless system of comparativ...
athene or athena is the shrewd companion of heroes and the goddess of heroic endeavour in greek mythology. athene may also refer to: 881 athene, a main-belt asteroid athene (bird), a genus of small owls athene (cynuria), a town in ancient cynuria, greece athene glacier, a glacier in antarctica hms athene, an aircraft t...
an alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster, but may have properties that differ from those of the...
throughout history, forms of art have gone through periodic abrupt changes called artistic revolutions. movements have come to an end to be replaced by a new movement markedly different in striking ways. scientific and technological 1 not all artistic revolutions were political. sometimes, science and technological inn...
agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. adherents of agrarianism tend to value traditional bonds of local community over urban modernity. agrarian political parties sometimes aim to support...
atomic may refer to: of or relating to the atom, the smallest particle of a chemical element that retains its chemical properties atomic physics, the study of the atom atomic age, also known as the "atomic era" atomic scale, distances comparable to the dimensions of an atom atom (order theory), in mathematics atomic (c...
in euclidean geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the vertex of the angle. angles formed by two rays are also known as plane angles as they lie in the plane that contains the rays. angles are also formed by the intersection of two planes; ...
asa may refer to: people and fictional characters asa (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters so named asa people, an ethnic group based in tanzania aṣa, nigerian-french singer, songwriter, and recording artist bukola elemide (born 1982) asa (rapper), finnish rapper matti salo (born 19...