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aromatic compounds, also known as "mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", are organic compounds containing one or more aromatic rings. the word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping of molecules based on odor, before their general chemical properties were understood. the current definition of aromatic comp... |
an abbey is a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess. abbeys provide a complex of buildings and land for religious activities, work, and housing of christian monks and nuns. the concept of the abbey has developed over many centuries from the early monastic ways... |
the annales school () is a group of historians associated with a style of historiography developed by french historians in the 20th century to stress long-term social history. it is named after its scholarly journal annales d'histoire économique et sociale, which remains the main source of scholarship, along with many ... |
in modern physics, antimatter is defined as matter composed of the antiparticles (or "partners") of the corresponding particles in "ordinary" matter, and can be thought of as matter with reversed charge, parity, and time, known as cpt reversal. antimatter occurs in natural processes like cosmic ray collisions and some ... |
() is a building in the center of barcelona, spain. it was designed by antoni gaudí, and is considered one of his masterpieces. a remodel of a previously built house, it was redesigned in 1904 by gaudí and has been refurbished several times after that. gaudí's assistants domènec sugrañes i gras, josep canaleta and joan... |
park güell ( ; ) is a privatized park system composed of gardens and architectural elements located on carmel hill, in barcelona, catalonia, spain. carmel hill belongs to the mountain range of collserola – the parc del carmel is located on the northern face. park güell is located in la salut, a neighborhood in the gràc... |
casa milà (, ), popularly known as la pedrera (, ; "the stone quarry") in reference to its unconventional rough-hewn appearance, is a modernista building in barcelona, catalonia, spain. it was the last private residence designed by architect antoni gaudí and was built between 1906 and 1912. the building was commissione... |
in particle physics, every type of particle is associated with an antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge). for example, the antiparticle of the electron is the positron (also known as an antielectron). while the electron has a negative electric charge, the positron h... |
kim renard nazel (born june 17, 1965), better known by his stage names arabian prince or professor x, is an american rapper, record producer, and dj. he was a founding member of n.w.a. early life nazel was born in compton, california to the son of joseph "skippy" nazel jr., an african-american author and radio talk sho... |
events pre-1600 461 – roman emperor majorian is beheaded near the river iria in north-west italy following his arrest and deposition by the magister militum ricimer. 626 – the avar and slav armies leave the siege of constantinople. 768 – pope stephen iii is elected to office, and quickly seeks frankish protection again... |
events pre-1600 685 bc – spring and autumn period: battle of qianshi: upon the death of the previous duke of qi, gongsun wuzhi, duke zhuang of lu sends an army into the duchy of qi to install the exiled qi prince gongzi jiu as the new duke of qi — but is defeated at qianshi by jiu’s brother and rival claimant, the newl... |
events pre-1600 1457 bc – battle of megido - the first battle to have been recorded in what is accepted as relatively reliable detail. 69 – defeated by vitellius' troops at bedriacum, otho commits suicide. 73 – masada, a jewish fortress, falls to the romans after several months of siege, ending the first jewish–roman w... |
in mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations, which means that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. in propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs. within an expression containing two or more ... |
the apache software foundation ( ; asf) is an american nonprofit corporation (classified as a 501(c)(3) organization in the united states) to support a number of open-source software projects. the asf was formed from a group of developers of the apache http server, and incorporated on march 25, 1999. it includes approx... |
the americans with disabilities act of 1990 or ada () is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. it affords similar protections against discrimination to americans with disabilities as the civil rights act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, an... |
the apple computer 1 (apple-1), later known predominantly as the apple i, is an 8-bit motherboard-only personal computer designed by steve wozniak and released by the apple computer company (now apple inc.) in 1976. the company was initially formed to sell the apple iits first product and would later become the world's... |
apatosaurus (; meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in north america during the late jurassic period. othniel charles marsh described and named the first-known species, a. ajax, in 1877, and a second species, a. louisae, was discovered and named by william h. holland in 191... |
allosaurus () is an extinct genus of large carnosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 145 million years ago during the late jurassic period (kimmeridgian to late tithonian ages). the name "allosaurus" means "different lizard", alluding to its unique (at the time of its discovery) concave vertebrae. it is derived ... |
the ak-47, officially known as the avtomat kalashnikova (; also known as the kalashnikov or just ak), is a gas-operated assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. developed in the soviet union by russian small-arms designer mikhail kalashnikov, it is the originating firearm of the kalashnikov (or "ak"... |
the atanasoff–berry computer (abc) was the first automatic electronic digital computer. limited by the technology of the day, and execution, the device has remained somewhat obscure. the abc's priority is debated among historians of computer technology, because it was neither programmable, nor turing-complete. conventi... |
the andes ( ), andes mountains or andean mountain range (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of south america. the range is long, wide (widest between 18°s – 20°s latitude), and has an average height of about . the andes extend from north to ... |
ancylopoda is a group of browsing, herbivorous, mammals in the perissodactyla that show long, curved and cleft claws. morphological evidence indicates the ancylopoda diverged from the tapirs, rhinoceroses and horses (euperissodactyla) after the brontotheria; however, earlier authorities such as osborn sometimes conside... |
an anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to secure a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. the word derives from latin , which itself comes from the greek (). anchors can either be temporary or permanent. permanent anchors are used in the creation of ... |
anbar (, ,) also known by its original ancient name, peroz-shapur, was an ancient and medieval town in central iraq. it played a role in the roman–persian wars of the 3rd–4th centuries, and briefly became the capital of the abbasid caliphate before the founding of baghdad in 762. it remained a moderately prosperous tow... |
anazarbus, also known as justinopolis (, medieval ain zarba; modern anavarza; ), was an ancient cilician city. under the late roman empire, it was the capital of cilicia secunda. roman emperor justinian i rebuilt the city in 527 after a strong earthquake hit it. it was destroyed in 1374 by the forces of the mamluk empi... |
an anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. for example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into nag a ram; which is an easter egg in google when searching for the word "anagram"; the word binary-into brain... |
the anadyr (; yukaghir: онандырь; ) is a river in the far northeast of siberia which flows into the gulf of anadyr of the bering sea and drains much of the interior of chukotka autonomous okrug. its basin corresponds to the anadyrsky district of chukotka. geography the anadyr is long and has a basin of . it is frozen f... |
andré-marie ampère (, , ; 20 january 177510 june 1836) was a french physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". he is also the inventor of numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by him) and the elect... |
ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . a stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terres... |
amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. the name comes from the koine greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω (ancient greek) / μεθώ (modern greek), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. ancient greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from... |
albertosaurus (; meaning "alberta lizard") is a genus of large tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in northwestern north america during the early to middle maastrichtian age of the late cretaceous period, about 71 million years ago. the type species, a. sarcophagus, was apparently restricted in range to the mode... |
in computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as asm or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's mac... |
in the ancient greek myths, ambrosia (, ) is the food or drink of the greek gods, and is often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. it was brought to the gods in olympus by doves and served either by hebe or by ganymede at the heavenly feast. ancient art sometimes depicted ambrosia ... |
ambrose of milan (; 4 april 397), venerated as saint ambrose, was a theologian and statesman who served as bishop of milan from 374 to 397. he expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promoting roman christianity against arianism and paganism. he left a substantial collection of writings, of which the... |
ambracia (; , occasionally , ampracia) was a city of ancient greece on the site of modern arta. it was founded by the corinthians in 625 bc and was situated about from the ambracian gulf, on a bend of the navigable river arachthos (or aratthus), in the midst of a fertile wooded plain. history ambracia was founded betwe... |
amber is fossilized tree resin that has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since neolithic times. much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects. amber is used in jewelry and has been used as a healing agent in folk medicine. there are five cla... |
amalaric (; spanish and portuguese: amalarico; 502–531) was king of the visigoths from 522 until his assassination. he was a son of king alaric ii and his first wife theodegotha, daughter of theodoric the great. biography when alaric ii was killed while fighting clovis i, king of the franks, in the battle of vouillé (5... |
the alphorn or alpenhorn or alpine horn is a labrophone, consisting of a straight several-meter-long wooden natural horn of conical bore, with a wooden cup-shaped mouthpiece. traditionally the alphorn was made of one single piece, or two parts at most, of the wood of a red pine tree. sometimes the trees would bend from... |
an army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. in the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. it may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. within a national military force, the wo... |
the family alligatoridae of crocodylians includes alligators, caimans and their extinct relatives. phylogeny the superfamily alligatoroidea includes all crocodilians (fossil and extant) that are more closely related to the american alligator than to either the nile crocodile or the gharial. this is a stem-based definit... |
alders are trees comprising the genus alnus in the birch family betulaceae. the genus comprises about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into central america, as well as the northern and southern andes. des... |
amos bronson alcott (; november 29, 1799 – march 4, 1888) was an american teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer. as an educator, alcott pioneered new ways of interacting with young students, focusing on a conversational style, and avoided traditional punishment. he hoped to perfect the human spirit and, to that en... |
arachnophobia is a specific phobia brought about by the irrational fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions and ticks. the word arachnophobia comes from the greek words arachne and phobia. signs and symptoms people with arachnophobia tend to feel uneasy in any area they believe could harbour spiders or tha... |
alabaster is a mineral and a soft rock used for carvings and as a source of plaster powder. archaeologists, geologists, and the stone industry have different definitions and usages for the word alabaster. in archaeology, the term alabaster is a category of objects and artefacts made from the varieties of two different ... |
ahab (; aḫâbbu [a-ḫa-ab-bu]; achaáb; ) was the seventh king of israel, the son and successor of king omri and the husband of jezebel of sidon, according to the hebrew bible. the hebrew bible presents ahab as a wicked king, particularly for condoning jezebel's influence on religious policies and his principal role behin... |
in the realm of electronic technology, asic stands for application-specific integrated circuit, an integrated circuit customized for a specific task. asic may also refer to: accreditation service for international colleges, an educational accreditation agency in the uk acid-sensing ion channels, a protein family air an... |
dasyproctidae is a family of large south american rodents, comprising the agoutis and acouchis. their fur is a reddish or dark colour above, with a paler underside. they are herbivorous, often feeding on ripe fruit that falls from trees. they live in burrows, and, like squirrels, will bury some of their food for later ... |
algol , designated beta persei (β persei, abbreviated beta per, β per), known colloquially as the demon star, is a bright multiple star in the constellation of perseus and one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered. algol is a three-star system, consisting of beta persei aa1, aa2, and ab – in which the h... |
"amazing grace" is a christian hymn published in 1779 with words written in 1772 by english anglican clergyman and poet john newton (1725–1807). it is an immensely popular hymn, particularly in the united states, where it is used for both religious and secular purposes. newton wrote the words from personal experience; ... |
aol (stylized as aol., formerly a company known as aol inc. and originally known as america online) is an american web portal and online service provider based in new york city. it is a brand marketed by the current incarnation of yahoo! inc. the service traces its history to an online service known as playnet. playnet... |
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