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the terms (ad) and before christ (bc) are used to label or number years in the julian and gregorian calendars. the term is medieval latin and means "in the year of the lord" but is often presented using "our lord" instead of "the lord", taken from the full original phrase "anno domini nostri jesu christi", which transl... |
av, av or a.v. may refer to: arts and entertainment the abbreviation of audiovisual, possessing both a sound and a visual component a.v. (film), a 2005 hong kong film directed by pang ho-cheung adult video, an alternative name/synonym of a pornographic film av the hunt, a 2020 turkish thriller film directed by emre aka... |
alcuin of york (; ; 735 – 19 may 804) – also called ealhwine, alhwin, or alchoin – was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from york, northumbria. he was born around 735 and became the student of archbishop ecgbert at york. at the invitation of charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teacher at the carolingian... |
angilbert ( – 18 february 814) was a noble frankish poet who was educated under alcuin and served charlemagne as a secretary, diplomat, and son-in-law. he is venerated as a pre-congregation saint and is still honored on the day of his death, 18 february. life angilbert seems to have been brought up at the court of char... |
in chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylam... |
events pre-1600 801 – an earthquake in the central apennines hits rome and spoleto, damaging the basilica of san paolo fuori le mura. 1091 – battle of levounion: the pechenegs are defeated by byzantine emperor alexios i komnenos. 1429 – joan of arc arrives to relieve the siege of orléans. 1483 – gran canaria, the main ... |
events pre-1600 74 bc – a group of officials, led by the western han minister huo guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, liu he, to the imperial regent, empress dowager shangguan. 29 bc – octavian holds the second of three consecutive triumphs in rome to celebrate the victory over the dalmatian... |
absolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale; a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as zero kelvin. the fundamental particles of nature have minimum vibrational motion, retaining only quantum mechanical, zero-point energy-induced par... |
in thermodynamics, an adiabatic process (greek: adiábatos, "impassable") is a type of thermodynamic process that occurs without transferring heat or mass between the thermodynamic system and its environment. unlike an isothermal process, an adiabatic process transfers energy to the surroundings only as work. as a key c... |
in organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where r, r', and r″ represent any group, typically organyl groups or hydrogen atoms. the amide group is called a peptide bond when it is part of the main chain of a protein, and an isopeptide bond w... |
animism (from latin: meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. animism perceives all things—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork, and in some cases words—as animated and alive. animism is used in anthropology o... |
antonio lucio vivaldi (4 march 1678 – 28 july 1741) was an italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of baroque music. along with johann sebastian bach and george frideric handel, vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest baroque composers and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across europe, giving or... |
adrian is a form of the latin given name adrianus or hadrianus. its ultimate origin is most likely via the former river adria from the venetic and illyrian word adur, meaning "sea" or "water". the adria was until the 8th century bc the main channel of the po river into the adriatic sea but ceased to exist before the 1s... |
the aare () or aar () is a tributary of the high rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within switzerland. its total length from its source to its junction with the rhine comprises about , during which distance it descends , draining an area of , almost entirely within switzerland, and accountin... |
abbotsford is a historic country house in the scottish borders, near galashiels, on the south bank of the river tweed. now open to the public, it was built as the residence of historical novelist and poet sir walter scott between 1817 and 1825. it is a category a listed building and the estate is listed in the inventor... |
abraham (originally abram) is the common hebrew patriarch of the abrahamic religions, including judaism, christianity, and islam. in judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the jews and god; in christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether jewish or non-jewish; an... |
abraxas (, variant form romanized: ) is a word of mystic meaning in the system of the gnostic basilides, being there applied to the "great archon" (), the princeps of the 365 spheres (). the word is found in gnostic texts such as the holy book of the great invisible spirit, and also appears in the greek magical papyri.... |
absalom ( ʾaḇšālōm, "father of peace") was the third son of david, king of israel with maacah, daughter of talmai, king of geshur. 2 samuel 14:25 describes him as the handsomest man in the kingdom. absalom eventually rebelled against his father and was killed during the battle of ephraim's wood. biblical account backgr... |
abydos may refer to: abydos, a progressive metal side project of german singer andy kuntz abydos (hellespont), an ancient city in mysia, asia minor abydos (stargate), name of a fictional planet in the stargate science fiction universe abydos, egypt, a city in ancient egypt abydos station, a pastoral lease and cattle st... |
abydos ( or ; sahidic ) is one of the oldest cities of ancient egypt, and also of the eighth nome in upper egypt. it is located about west of the nile at latitude 26° 10' n, near the modern egyptian towns of el araba el madfuna and el balyana. in the ancient egyptian language, the city was called abdju (ꜣbḏw or abdw)(a... |
abydos (, ) was an ancient city and bishopric in mysia. it was located at the nara burnu promontory on the asian coast of the hellespont (the straits of dardanelles), opposite the ancient city of sestos, and near the city of çanakkale in turkey. abydos was founded in at the most narrow point in the straits, and thus wa... |
events pre-1600 636 – arab–byzantine wars: the battle of yarmouk between the byzantine empire and the rashidun caliphate begins. 717 – arab–byzantine wars: maslama ibn abd al-malik begins the second arab siege of constantinople, which will last for nearly a year. 718 – arab–byzantine wars: raising of the second arab si... |
acacia s.l. (pronounced or ), known commonly as mimosa, acacia, thorntree or wattle, babul [india/hindi] is a polyphyletic genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily mimosoideae of the family fabaceae. it was described by the swedish botanist carl linnaeus in 1773 based on the african species acacia nilotica.... |
acapulco de juárez (), commonly called acapulco ( , ; ), is a city and major seaport in the state of guerrero on the pacific coast of mexico, south of mexico city. acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has been a port since the early colonial period of mexico's history. it is a port of call for shipping a... |
events pre-1600 1 bc – wang mang consolidates his power in china and is declared marshal of state. emperor ai of han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. 942 – start of the four-day battle of al-mada'in, between the hamdanids of mosul and the baridis of basra over control of the abbasid capital, baghdad. 963 – nik... |
alan curtis kay (born may 17, 1940) is an american computer scientist best known for his pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface (gui) design. at xerox parc he led the design and development of the first modern windowed computer desktop interface. there he also led the deve... |
apl (named after the book a programming language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by kenneth e. iverson. its central datatype is the multidimensional array. it uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise code. it has been an important... |
algol (; short for "algorithmic language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958. algol heavily influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the association for computing machinery (acm) in textbooks and academic sources fo... |
awk (awk ) is a domain-specific language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. like sed and grep, it is a filter, and is a standard feature of most unix-like operating systems. the awk language is a data-driven scripting language consisting of a set of actions to be ta... |
in nordic mythology, asgard (old norse: ásgarðr ; "enclosure of the æsir") is a location associated with the gods. it appears in a multitude of old norse sagas and mythological texts. it is described as the fortified home of the æsir gods, often associated with gold imagery. many of the best-known nordic gods are æsir ... |
the apollo program, also known as project apollo, was the united states human spaceflight program carried out by the national aeronautics and space administration (nasa), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the moon from 1968 to 1972. it was first conceived in 1960 during president dwight d. ei... |
an assault is the illegal act of causing physical harm or unwanted physical contact to another person, or, in some legal definitions, the threat or attempt to do so. it is both a crime and a tort and, therefore, may result in criminal prosecution, civil liability, or both. additionally, assault is a criminal act in whi... |
in norse cosmology, álfheimr (old norse: , "land of the elves" or "elfland"; anglicized as alfheim), also called "ljósálfheimr" ( , "home of the light elves"), is home of the light elves. attestations álfheim as an abode of the elves is mentioned only twice in old norse texts. grímnismál the eddic poem grímnismál descr... |
in norse mythology, ask and embla ( )—male and female respectively—were the first two humans, created by the gods. the pair are attested in both the poetic edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the prose edda, written in the 13th century by snorri sturluson. in both sources, three god... |
the alabama river, in the u.s. state of alabama, is formed by the tallapoosa and coosa rivers, which unite about north of montgomery, near the town of wetumpka. the river flows west to selma, then southwest until, about from mobile, it unites with the tombigbee, forming the mobile and tensaw rivers, which discharge int... |
alain de lille (alan of lille) (latin: alanus ab insulis; 11281202/03) was a french theologian and poet. he was born in lille, some time before 1128. his exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 april 1202, and 5 april 1203. he is known for writing a number of ... |
the alemanni or alamanni were a confederation of germanic tribes on the upper rhine river during the first millennium. first mentioned by cassius dio in the context of the campaign of roman emperor caracalla of 213, the alemanni captured the in 260, and later expanded into present-day alsace and northern switzerland, l... |
nyse american, formerly known as the american stock exchange (amex), and more recently as nyse mkt, is an american stock exchange situated in new york city. amex was previously a mutual organization, owned by its members. until 1953, it was known as the new york curb exchange. nyse euronext acquired amex on october 1, ... |
events pre-1600 310 – pope eusebius dies, possibly from a hunger strike, shortly after being banished by the emperor maxentius to sicily. 682 – pope leo ii begins his pontificate. 986 – byzantine–bulgarian wars: battle of the gates of trajan: the bulgarians under the comitopuli samuel and aron defeat the byzantine forc... |
events pre-1600 1099 – first crusade: battle of ascalon crusaders under the command of godfrey of bouillon defeat fatimid forces led by al-afdal shahanshah. this is considered the last engagement of the first crusade. 1121 – battle of didgori: the georgian army under king david iv wins a decisive victory over the famou... |
alfred russel wallace (8 january 1823 – 7 november 1913) was an english naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. he independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from charles darwin'... |
the australian labor party (alp), also simply known as labor, is the major centre-left political party in australia and one of two major parties in australian politics, along with the centre-right liberal party of australia. the party has been in government since being elected at the 2022 federal election, and with pol... |
events pre-1600 684 – battle of marj rahit: umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of ibn al-zubayr and cement umayyad control of syria. 707 – princess abe accedes to the imperial japanese throne as empress genmei. 1304 – the battle of mons-en-pévèle is fought to a draw between the french army and the flemish militias... |
events pre-1600 295 bc – the first temple to venus, the roman goddess of love, beauty and fertility, is dedicated by quintus fabius maximus gurges during the third samnite war. 43 bc – gaius julius caesar octavianus, later known as augustus, compels the roman senate to elect him consul. 947 – abu yazid, a kharijite reb... |
events pre-1600 959 – eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of liège. 1140 – song dynasty general yue fei defeats an army led by jin dynasty general wuzhu at the battle of yancheng during the jin–song wars. 1169 – battle of the blacks: uprising by the black african forces of the fatimid army, along with a number of egyptian ... |
the dodo is a fictional character appearing in chapters 2 and 3 of the 1865 book alice's adventures in wonderland by lewis carroll (charles lutwidge dodgson). the dodo is a caricature of the author. a popular but unsubstantiated belief is that dodgson chose the particular animal to represent himself because of his stam... |
a lory is a small to medium-sized arboreal parrot. lory may also refer to: people al de lory (1930–2012), an american record producer, arranger, conductor and session musician donna de lory (born 1964), an american singer, dancer and songwriter milo b. lory (1903–1974), an american sound editor other uses lory, a ficti... |
albert may refer to: companies albert czech republic, a supermarket chain in the czech republic albert heijn, a supermarket chain in the netherlands albert market, a street market in the gambia albert productions, a record label albert computers, inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s entertainment albert (1985 fil... |
albert i may refer to: people born before 1300 albert i, count of vermandois (917–987) albert i, count of namur () albert i of moha albert i of brandenburg (), first margrave of brandenburg albert i, margrave of meissen (1158–1195) albert i of käfernburg (), archbishop of magdeburg albert i of pietengau () albert i, lo... |
albert ii may refer to: monkeys albert ii (monkey), first primate and first mammal in space, died on impact following v-2 flight june 14, 1949 people albert ii, count of namur (died 1067) albert ii, count of tyrol (died 1120s) albert ii, margrave of brandenburg (–1220) albert ii, archbishop of riga (1200–1273) albert i... |
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