title stringlengths 0 1.13k | abstract stringlengths 1 15.7k | PMID int64 22 36.5M |
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[The lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects of marine collagen peptides]. | To determine the relative molecular mass of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) and investigate the effects of MCPs on serum lipids, anti-oxidative enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hyperlipidemic rats. Sephadex G-25, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of f... | 18,763,630 |
[Effects of marine collagen peptide on delaying the skin aging]. | To investigate the protective effect of marine collagen peptides (MCPs) on the skin of aged mice induced by D-galactose. Subchronic toxicity study was conducted while D-galactose induced subacute aging model was established. D-galactose dose of 0.125 g/kg body weight was intraperitoneally injected daily for 90 days. Ma... | 18,763,632 |
[Study on protective effect of grape procyanidins in radiation injury in radiation-contacted persons]. | To study the protective effect of Grape procyanidins (GPC) on radiation injury in radiation-contacted persons. Sixty radiation-contacted persons were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group and 15 radiation-uncontacted persons were selected as the normal group. The experimental group was give... | 18,763,638 |
Quantifying the burden of chronic viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis hospitalizations in New Haven County, Connecticut. | Chronic viral hepatitis can cause cirrhosis. Viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis may be causing an increasing health burden since exposure to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in the United States increased starting in the 1960s. Using hospital discharge data, we estimated the number of adult New Haven County resid... | 18,763,666 |
Oral malodor reduction from a zinc-containing toothpaste. | To evaluate the anti-malodor efficacy of toothpaste containing 0.2% zinc sulphate after a single brushing and following extended use. Two clinical studies of common design but different malodor assessment were carried out. In the first study, volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) were measured with a Halimeter; in the secon... | 18,763,690 |
Proteomics of membrane receptors and signaling. | Receptors represent an abundant class of integral membrane proteins that transmit information on various types of signals within the cell. Assemblages of receptors and their interacting proteins (receptor complexes) have emerged as important units of signal transduction for various types of receptors including G protei... | 18,763,708 |
A practical guide for the identification of membrane and plasma membrane proteins in human embryonic stem cells and human embryonal carcinoma cells. | The identification of (plasma) membrane proteins in cells can provide valuable insights into the regulation of their biological processes. Pluripotent cells such as human embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells are capable of unlimited self-renewal and share many of the biological mechanisms that regulate pr... | 18,763,709 |
Extracellular recordings of rodents in vivo: their contribution to integrative neuroscience. | The prevalent theory in learning and memory processes is that they are underlain by short and long-term changes in synaptic weight, which continuously modulates neural networks during acquisition and recall. This synaptic plasticity has been revealed by recording extracellular field potentials. The enhancement of synap... | 18,763,725 |
Experience-consistent modeling for radial basis function neural networks. | We develop a new approach to the design of neural networks, which utilizes a collaborative framework of knowledge-driven experience. In contrast to the "standard" way of developing neural networks, which explicitly exploits experimental data, this approach incorporates a mechanism of knowledge-driven experience. The es... | 18,763,728 |
A modified LAMSTAR neural network and its applications. | This paper describes a modification of the LArge Memory STorage And Retrieval (LAMSTAR) neural network. The purpose of the modification is to allow rare events a larger role in decision-making when they are strongly biased towards a particular decision. As a by-product, the modification also permits the introduction of... | 18,763,732 |
Color image segmentation with support vector machines: applications to road signs detection. | In this paper we propose efficient color segmentation method which is based on the Support Vector Machine classifier operating in a one-class mode. The method has been developed especially for the road signs recognition system, although it can be used in other applications. The main advantage of the proposed method com... | 18,763,733 |
Kullback-Leibler Markov chain Monte Carlo--a new algorithm for finite mixture analysis and its application to gene expression data. | In this paper, we study Bayesian analysis of nonlinear hierarchical mixture models with a finite but unknown number of components. Our approach is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. One of the applications of our method is directed to the clustering problem in gene expression analysis. From a mathematica... | 18,763,739 |
Conserved water molecules in X-ray structures highlight the role of water in intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. | Water molecules immobilized on a protein or DNA surface are known to play an important role in intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. Comparative analysis of related three-dimensional (3D) structures allows to predict the locations of such water molecules on the protein surface. We have developed and implement... | 18,763,742 |
Large-scale structural modeling of protein complexes at low resolution. | Structural aspects of protein-protein interactions provided by large-scale, genome-wide studies are essential for the description of life processes at the molecular level. A methodology is developed that applies the protein docking approach (GRAMM), based on the knowledge of experimentally determined protein-protein st... | 18,763,743 |
Discovery and evaluation of 4-(2-(4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethylamino)-3-(6-(1-(3-fluoropropyl)piperidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (BMS-695735), an orally efficacious inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor kinase with broad spectrum in vivo antitumor activity. | We previously reported that 1 (BMS-536924), a benzimidazole inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, had demonstrated in vivo antitumor activity. This lead compound was found to have potent CYP3A4 inhibition, CYP3A4 induction mediated by PXR transactivation, poor aqueous solubility, and high plasma prote... | 18,763,755 |
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric cross-couplings of racemic propargylic halides with arylzinc reagents. | A stereoconvergent method for the catalytic asymmetric Negishi cross-coupling of racemic secondary propargylic halides with arylzinc reagents has been developed. Neither family of compounds has previously been shown to be a suitable partner in such coupling processes. From a practical point of view, it is noteworthy th... | 18,763,769 |
Origin of the regio- and stereoselectivity of allylic substitution of organocopper reagents. | The origin of the contrasting regioselectivities in allylic substitution found for a heterocuprate MeCu(CN)Li and a homocuprate Me2CuLi was studied using density functional calculations. The gamma-selectivity of MeCu(CN)Li is determined at the oxidative addition stage of the reaction, where the different degree of tran... | 18,763,774 |
Exploring electronically polarized pentacenes. | Unsymmetrically functionalized pentacenes with electron-rich and/or -poor substituents at the 6- and 13-positions were synthesized. The electronic influence was evaluated by solution-state UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopies. These materials exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents and are stable in... | 18,763,787 |
Palladium-catalyzed C-allylation of benzoins and an NHC-catalyzed three component coupling derived thereof: compatibility of NHC- and Pd-catalysts. | A large range of benzoins was successfully applied as C-nucleophiles in the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with several allyl acetates, resulting in functionalized tertiary homoallylic alcohols. A number of unsymmetrical benzoins can be coupled with high levels of regio- and chemoselectivity. Finally, the chall... | 18,763,794 |
LOCUSTRA: accurate prediction of local protein structure using a two-layer support vector machine approach. | Constraint generation for 3d structure prediction and structure-based database searches benefit from fine-grained prediction of local structure. In this work, we present LOCUSTRA, a novel scheme for the multiclass prediction of local structure that uses two layers of support vector machines (SVM). Using a 16-letter str... | 18,763,837 |
Small estuarine fishes feed on large trematode cercariae: lab and field investigations. | In aquatic ecosystems, dense populations of snails can shed millions of digenean trematode cercariae every day. These short-lived, free-living larvae are rich in energy and present a potential resource for consumers. We investigated whether estuarine fishes eat cercariae shed by trematodes of the estuarine snail Cerith... | 18,763,852 |
Bystander/abscopal effects induced in intact Arabidopsis seeds by low-energy heavy-ion radiation. | To date, radiation-induced bystander effects have been observed largely in in vitro single-cell systems; verification of both the effects and the mechanisms in multicellular systems in vivo is important. Previously we showed that bystander/ abscopal effects can be induced by irradiating the shoot apical meristem cells ... | 18,763,864 |
Early increase in osteoclast number in mice after whole-body irradiation with 2 Gy X rays. | Bone loss is a consequence of exposure to high-dose radiotherapy. While damage to bone vasculature and reduced proliferation of bone-forming osteoblasts has been implicated in this process, the effect of radiation on the number and activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts has not been characterized. In this study, we exp... | 18,763,868 |
Intact implicit learning of spatial context and temporal sequences in childhood autism spectrum disorder. | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by atypicalities in domains that are posited to rely on implicit learning processes such as social communication, language, and motor behavior. The authors examined 2 forms of implicit learning in 14 children with high-functioning ASD (10 of whom were diagnosed with Asperger's ... | 18,763,876 |
Age-related differences in cognition: the role of distraction control. | The ability to ignore or control the processing of distracting information may underlie many age-related and individual differences in cognitive abilities. Using a large sample of adults aged 18 to 87 years, this article presents data examining the mediating role of distraction control in the relationship between age a... | 18,763,883 |
Processing segmental and prosodic information in Cantonese word production. | Five experiments were conducted to investigate how subsyllabic, syllabic, and prosodic information is processed in Cantonese monosyllabic word production. A picture-word interference task was used in which a target picture and a distractor word were presented simultaneously or sequentially. In the first 3 experiments w... | 18,763,899 |
Event-related potentials indicate different processes to mediate categorical and associative priming in person recognition. | Whether representations of people are stored in associative networks based on co-occurrence or are stored in terms of more abstract semantic categories is a controversial question. In the present study, participants performed fame decisions to unfamiliar or famous target faces (Experiment 1) or names (Experiment 2), wh... | 18,763,903 |
Diverging curvature correction to the interfacial tension in polymer solutions. | Application of polymer scaling to the problem of Tolman's length, a curvature correction coefficient in the interfacial tension, shows that Tolman's length in polymer solutions may become as large as half of the thickness of the interface. Tolman's length depends on the degree of polymerization N and the distance to th... | 18,763,917 |
Intelligent tit-for-tat in the iterated prisoner's dilemma game. | We seek a route to the equilibrium where all the agents cooperate in the iterated prisoner's dilemma game on a two-dimensional plane, focusing on the role of tit-for-tat strategy. When a time horizon, within which a strategy can recall the past, is one time step, an equilibrium can be achieved as cooperating strategies... | 18,763,937 |
Coarse-grained single-particle dynamics in two-dimensional solids and liquids. | We consider the dynamics of a single tagged particle in a two-dimensional system governed by Lennard-Jones interactions. Previous work based on the Mori-Zwanzig projection operator formalism has shown that the single-particles dynamics can be described via a generalized Langevin equation (GLE) which is exact within the... | 18,763,941 |
Self-assembling of dry and cohesive non-Brownian spheres. | Numerous experimental and computational studies have been carried out in recent years to understand the mechanisms governing the compaction of granular systems. Here the problem is further investigated from a different perspective. We compact spheres by a vibrational annealing method and show how the interactions betwe... | 18,763,943 |
Viscous decoupling transitions for individually dragged particles in systems with quenched disorder. | We show that when an individual particle is dragged through an assembly of other particles in the presence of quenched disorder, a viscous decoupling transition occurs between the dragged particle and the surrounding particles which is controlled by the quenched disorder. A counterintuitive consequence of this transiti... | 18,763,951 |
Dynamics of charge transport in planar devices. | The Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations describe the dynamics of charge transport in an electric field. Although they are relevant in many applications, a general solution is not known and several aspects are not well understood. In many situations nonlinear effects arise for which no analytical description is available. I... | 18,763,956 |
Transition between two dendritic growth mechanisms in electrodeposition. | We report in this paper the observation of a transition between two different dendritic growth mechanisms in the electrodeposition of a metal from a binary electrolyte. Our results, in particular concerning the dendritic growth velocities, enable us to explain this behavior in terms of models previously proposed in the... | 18,763,962 |
Landau-de Gennes theory of biaxial nematics reexamined. | Recent experiments report that the long-looked-for thermotropic biaxial nematic phase has been finally detected in some thermotropic liquid crystalline systems. Inspired by these experimental observations, we concentrate on some elementary theoretical issues concerned with the classical sixth-order Landau-de Gennes fre... | 18,763,970 |
Prisoner's dilemma on a stochastic nongrowth network evolution model. | We investigate the evolution of cooperation on a nongrowth dynamic network model with a death-birth dynamics based on tournament selection. In the limit of large population size, the equilibrium cooperator density is well described by our mean field approximations and inversely related to the average degree in the syst... | 18,763,979 |
Force-induced stretched state: effects of temperature. | A model of self-avoiding walks with suitable constraint has been developed to study the effect of temperature on a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the constant force ensemble. Our exact calculations for small chains show that the extension (reaction coordinate) may increase or decrease with the temperature depending on ... | 18,763,982 |
Effective potential of longitudinal interactions between microtubule protofilaments. | An effective potential for longitudinal interactions between adjacent protofilaments in a microtubule is introduced. Our proposed interaction potential is a periodic and continuous function of the offset between two protofilaments, which also incorporates the bending energy of protofilaments. This potential produces th... | 18,763,987 |
Effect of sensory blind zones on milling behavior in a dynamic self-propelled particle model. | Emergent pattern formation in self-propelled particle (SPP) systems is extensively studied because it addresses a range of swarming phenomena that occur without leadership. Here we present a dynamic SPP model in which a sensory blind zone is introduced into each particle's zone of interaction. Using numerical simulatio... | 18,763,988 |
Errors in estimation of the input signal for integrate-and-fire neuronal models. | Estimation of the input parameters of stochastic (leaky) integrate-and-fire neuronal models is studied. It is shown that the presence of a firing threshold brings a systematic error to the estimation procedure. Analytical formulas for the bias are given for two models, the randomized random walk and the perfect integra... | 18,763,993 |
Long-range interaction effects on calcium-wave propagation. | In this paper, numerical simulation of calcium waves in a network of cells coupled together by a paracrine signaling is investigated. The model takes into account the long-range interaction between cells due to the action of extracellular messengers, which provide links between first-neighbor cells, but also on cells l... | 18,763,997 |
Slip coefficient in nanoscale pore flow. | The hydrodynamic solutions based on Maxwell's boundary conditions include an empirical slip coefficient (SC), which depends on properties of the adsorbate and adsorbent. Existing kinetic theory derivations of the SC are usually formulated for half-space flow and do not include finite-size effects, which dominate the fl... | 18,764,009 |
Biclique communities. | We present a method for detecting communities in bipartite networks. Based on an extension of the k -clique community detection algorithm, we demonstrate how modular structure in bipartite networks presents itself as overlapping bicliques. If bipartite information is available, the biclique community detection algorith... | 18,764,021 |
Goos-Hänchen shift and localization of optical modes in deformed microcavities. | Recently, an interesting phenomenon of spatial localization of optical modes along periodic ray trajectories near avoided resonance crossings has been observed [Wiersig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 253901 (2006)]. For the case of a microdisk cavity with elliptical cross section, we use the Husimi function to analyze this loca... | 18,764,029 |
Partially locked states in coupled oscillators due to inhomogeneous coupling. | We investigate coupled identical phase oscillators with scale-free distribution of coupling strength. It is shown that partially locked states can occur due to the inhomogeneity in coupling and some properties of the coupling function. Various quantities of the partially locked states are computed through a self-consis... | 18,764,031 |
Avoiding escapes in open dynamical systems using phase control. | In this paper we study how to avoid escapes in open dynamical systems in the presence of dissipation and forcing, as it occurs in realistic physical situations. We use as a prototype model the Helmholtz oscillator, which is the simplest nonlinear oscillator with escapes. For some parameter values, this oscillator prese... | 18,764,033 |
Dynamics of semiconductor lasers with external multicavities. | Extending a semiconductor laser by means of an external resonator providing a weak optical feedback causes high-dimensional chaotic fluctuations of the light intensity. Adding a second resonator with different round-trip time may turn these fluctuations into more ordered oscillations or even lead back to a stable stead... | 18,764,038 |
Wave chaos in rapidly rotating stars. | The effects of rapid stellar rotation on acoustic oscillation modes are poorly understood. We study the dynamics of acoustic rays in rotating polytropic stars and show using quantum chaos concepts that the eigenfrequency spectrum is a superposition of regular frequency patterns and an irregular frequency subset respect... | 18,764,043 |
Oscillation-induced sand ripples in a circular geometry. | This study deals with the observation of sand ripples in a circular geometry under oscillatory flow. We characterize the observed patterns as a function of the excitation parameters. We report the time evolution of the corrugated front invading the flat bed. These experiments reveal unambiguously, because of the gradie... | 18,764,045 |
Simulations of liquid nanocylinder breakup with dissipative particle dynamics. | In this work, we use a dissipative-particle-dynamics-based model for two-phase flows to simulate the breakup of liquid nanocylinders. Rayleigh's criterion for capillary breakup of inviscid liquid cylinders is shown to apply for the cases considered, in agreement with prior molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Also, as ... | 18,764,048 |
Evolution of anisotropic turbulence in nonlinear magnetic reconnection. | The anisotropy properties of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in a sheared magnetic field are analyzed through a three-dimensional numerical simulation that reproduces the linear and nonlinear stage of a tearing instability. Far from the current sheet, the energy spectrum develops perpendicularly to the local magnetic fi... | 18,764,062 |
Unphysical kinetic effects in particle-in-cell modeling of laser wakefield accelerators. | Unphysical heating and macroparticle trapping that arise in the numerical modeling of laser wakefield accelerators using particle-in-cell codes are investigated. A dark current free laser wakefield accelerator stage, in which no trapping of background plasma electrons into the plasma wave should occur, and a highly non... | 18,764,064 |
Enhancement of cooperation in highly clustered scale-free networks. | We study the effect of clustering on the organization of cooperation by analyzing the evolutionary dynamics of the "Prisoner's Dilemma" on scale-free networks with a tunable value of clustering. We find, on the one hand, that a high value of the clustering coefficient produces an overall enhancement of cooperation in t... | 18,764,081 |
Quantitative modeling of bubble competition in Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. | We present a quantitative model for the evolution of single and multiple bubbles in the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability. The higher-order solutions for a single-mode bubble are obtained, and distinctions between RM and Rayleigh-Taylor bubbles are investigated. The results for multiple-bubble competition from the mod... | 18,764,086 |
Analytical characterization of oscillon energy and lifetime. | We develop an analytical procedure to compute all relevant physical properties of scalar field oscillons in models with quartic polynomial potentials: energy, radius, frequency, core amplitude, and lifetime. We compare our predictions to numerical simulations of models with symmetric and asymmetric double-well potentia... | 18,764,101 |
Order alphas4 QCD corrections to Z and tau decays. | Using recently developed methods for the evaluation of five-loop amplitudes in perturbative QCD, corrections of order alphas4 for the nonsinglet part of the cross section for electron-positron annihilation into hadrons and for the decay rates of the Z boson and the tau lepton into hadrons are evaluated. The new terms l... | 18,764,104 |
Liquid optical fibers with a multistable core actuated by light radiation pressure. | We report on spatiotemporal behavior of self-adapted dielectric liquid columns generated and sustained by light radiation pressure. We show that single- or multivalued liquid column diameter depends on the excitation light beam. When the beam diameter is sufficiently small, we observe a well-defined stationary column d... | 18,764,116 |
Strong coupling approach to actinide metals. | We present a strongly correlated approach to the electronic structure of actinide metals by deriving a low-energy Hamiltonian H[over] under the assumption that kinetic energy is small compared to Coulomb and spin-orbit interactions. The H[over]Pu for Pu metal is similar to the models used for Ce and other lanthanides b... | 18,764,130 |
Hole localization in the one-dimensional doped Anderson-Hubbard model. | We study an interplay of disorder and correlation in the one-dimensional hole-doped Hubbard-model with disorder (Anderson-Hubbard model) by using the density-matrix renormalization group method. Concentrating on the doped-hole-density profile, we find in a large U/t regime that the clean system exhibits a simple fluidl... | 18,764,134 |
High energy dispersion relations for the high temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductor from laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. | Laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on the high energy electron dynamics in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 high temperature superconductor. Our superhigh resolution data, momentum-dependent measurements, and complete analysis provide important information to judge the nature of the h... | 18,764,144 |
Entanglement between two uses of a noisy multipartite quantum channel enables perfect transmission of classical information. | Suppose that m senders want to transmit classical information to n receivers with zero probability of error using a noisy multipartite communication channel. The senders are allowed to exchange classical, but not quantum, messages among themselves, and the same holds for the receivers. If the channel is classical, a si... | 18,764,166 |
Fully self-consistent ion-drag-force calculations for dust in collisional plasmas with an external electric field. | The ion drag force on a spherical dust particle immersed in a flowing plasma with an external electric field is self-consistently calculated using the particle-in-cell code SCEPTIC in the entire range of charge-exchange collisionality. Our results, not based on questionable approximations, extend prior analytic calcula... | 18,764,185 |
Equivalence of critical scaling laws for many-body entanglement in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model. | We establish a relation between several entanglement properties in the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, which is a system of mutually interacting spins embedded in a magnetic field. We provide analytical proofs that the single-copy entanglement and the global geometric entanglement of the ground state close to and at critic... | 18,764,198 |
Charging of metal adatoms on ultrathin oxide films: Au and Pd on FeO/Pt(111). | We present a combined experimental (STM/scanning tunneling spectroscopy) and theoretical (density functional theory) study on the deposition of Au and Pd metal atoms on FeO/Pt(111) ultrathin films. We show that while the Pd atoms are only slightly oxidized, the Au atoms form positive ions upon deposition, at variance t... | 18,764,201 |
Instability of square vortex lattice in d-wave superconductors is due to paramagnetic depairing. | The effects of paramagnetic depairing on structural transitions between vortex lattices of a quasi-two-dimensional d-wave superconductor are examined. We find that, when the Maki parameter alphaM is of order unity, a square lattice induced by a d-wave pairing is destabilized with increasing fields, and that a reentrant... | 18,764,215 |
Superconductivity in thin films of boron-doped carbon nanotubes. | Superconductivity in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is attracting considerable attention. However, its correlation with carrier doping has not been reported. We report on the Meissner effect found in thin films consisting of assembled boron (B)-doped single-walled CNTs (B-SWNTs). We find that only B-SWNT films consisting of l... | 18,764,216 |
Entanglement of solid vortex matter: a boomerang-shaped reduction forced by disorder in interlayer phase coherence in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y. | We present evidence for entangled solid vortex matter in a glassy state in a layered superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y containing randomly splayed linear defects. The interlayer phase coherence--probed by the Josephson plasma resonance--is enhanced at high temperatures, reflecting the recoupling of vortex liquid by the de... | 18,764,217 |
Optical signatures of spin polarization of carriers in quantum dots. | We predict theoretically the optical signatures of spin polarization of carriers in self-assembled quantum dots. The emission spectra are mapped out as a function of increasing electron spin polarization for a fixed number of electrons and holes. The spin-polarized spectra are determined using exact diagonalization tec... | 18,764,224 |
Emission spectrum of a dressed exciton-biexciton complex in a semiconductor quantum dot. | The photoluminescence spectrum of a single quantum dot was recorded as a secondary resonant laser optically dressed either the vacuum-to-exciton or the exciton-to-biexciton transitions. High-resolution polarization-resolved measurements using a scanning Fabry-Pérot interferometer reveal splittings of the linearly polar... | 18,764,226 |
Out-of-equilibrium microrheology inside living cells. | Both forced and spontaneous motions of magnetic microbeads engulfed by Dictyostelium cells have served as experimental probes of intracellular dynamics. The complex shear modulus G*(omega), determined from active oscillatory measurements, has a power-law dynamics and increases with the probe size, reflecting intracellu... | 18,764,230 |
Quantum corrections and bound-state effects in the energy relaxation of hot dense hydrogen. | Simple analytic formulas for energy relaxation (ER) in electron-ion systems, with quantum corrections, ion dynamics, and RPA-type screening are presented. ER in the presence of bound electrons is examined in view of recent simulations for ER in hydrogen in the range 10{20}-10{24} electrons/cc. | 18,764,259 |
Electron spin pumping of Rb atoms on He nanodroplets via nondestructive optical excitation. | We measured laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) and beam-depletion (BD) spectra of rubidium atoms (5S-5P transition) on the surface of superfluid helium nanodroplets (M-He_{N} with M=Rb). It is known that when M is a lighter alkali atom electronic excitation always leads to detachment of the excited atom (M;{*}). The diss... | 18,764,262 |
Piezospin polarization of currents in nanostructures. | Torsional oscillations of a freestanding semiconductor beam are shown to cause spin-dependent oscillating potentials that spin polarize an applied charge current in the presence of intentional or disorder scattering potentials. We propose several realizations of mechanical spin generators and manipulators based on this... | 18,764,268 |
Electric manipulation of spin relaxation using the spin Hall effect. | Using the spin Hall effect, magnetization relaxation in a Ni_{81}Fe_{19}/Pt film is manipulated electrically. An electric current applied to the Pt layer exerts spin torque on the entire magnetization of the Ni81Fe19 layer via the macroscopic spin transfer induced by the spin Hall effect and modulates the magnetization... | 18,764,271 |
Dynamic singularity in multicomponent glass-forming metallic liquids. | In the liquid state, glass-forming Ni59.5Nb40.5 and Ni60Nb34.8Sn5.2 alloys exhibit an extraordinarily high packing fraction. The self-correlation functions measured using quasielastic neutron scattering clearly show the slowing down of microscopic dynamics with an increase in packing fraction. The self-diffusivity in l... | 18,764,296 |
Eötvös bounds on couplings of fundamental parameters to gravity. | The possible dependence of fundamental couplings and mass ratios on the gravitational potential has been bounded by comparing atomic clock frequencies over Earth's elliptical orbit. Here we evaluate bounds on such a dependence from Eötvös-type experiments that test the weak equivalence principle, including previously n... | 18,764,316 |
Transition-metal-substituted indium thiospinels as novel intermediate-band materials: prediction and understanding of their electronic properties. | Results of density-functional calculations for indium thiospinel semiconductors substituted at octahedral sites with isolated transition metals (M=Ti,V) show an isolated partially filled narrow band containing three t2g-type states per M atom inside the usual semiconductor band gap. Thanks to this electronic structure ... | 18,764,346 |
Electron-hole symmetry and magnetic coupling in antiferromagnetic LaFeAsO. | When either electron or hole doped at concentrations x approximately 0.1, the LaFeAsO family displays remarkably high temperature superconductivity with Tc up to 55 K. In the most energetically stable Q-->M=(pi,pi,0) antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase comprised of tetragonal-symmetry breaking alternating chains of aligne... | 18,764,356 |
Quantum order by disorder in frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnets. | We present a quantum theory of frustrated diamond lattice antiferromagnets. Considering quantum fluctuations as the predominant mechanism relieving spin frustration, we find a rich phase diagram comprising of six phases with coplanar spiral ordering in addition to the Néel phase. By computing the specific heat of these... | 18,764,361 |
Soft swimming: exploiting deformable interfaces for low reynolds number locomotion. | Reciprocal movement cannot be used for locomotion at low Reynolds number in an infinite fluid or near a rigid surface. Here we show that this limitation is relaxed for a body performing reciprocal motions near a deformable interface. Using physical arguments and scaling relationships, we show that the nonlinearities ar... | 18,764,367 |
Collective states of interacting Fibonacci anyons. | We show that chains of interacting Fibonacci anyons can support a wide variety of collective ground states ranging from extended critical, gapless phases to gapped phases with ground-state degeneracy and quasiparticle excitations. In particular, we generalize the Majumdar-Ghosh Hamiltonian to anyonic degrees of freedom... | 18,764,375 |
Hidden variable models for quantum theory cannot have any local part. | It was shown by Bell that no local hidden variable model is compatible with quantum mechanics. If, instead, one permits the hidden variables to be entirely nonlocal, then any quantum mechanical predictions can be recovered. In this Letter, we consider general hidden variable models which can have both local and nonloca... | 18,764,377 |
Quantum state reconstruction of a rotational wave packet created by a nonresonant intense femtosecond laser field. | We have experimentally determined the amplitudes and phases of a rotational wave packet in an adiabatically cooled benzene molecule, created by a nonresonant intense femtosecond laser field. In this wave-packet reconstruction, the initial wave packet is further interfered by a replica of the first laser pulse, and the ... | 18,764,388 |
Generation of ultrashort coherent vacuum ultraviolet pulses using electron storage rings: a new bright light source for experiments. | We demonstrate for the first time that seeded harmonic generation on electron storage rings can produce coherent optical pulses in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range. The experiment is performed at Elettra, where coherent pulses are generated at 132 nm, with a duration of about 100 fs. The light source has a repetit... | 18,764,393 |
Periodicity hub and nested spirals in the phase diagram of a simple resistive circuit. | We report the discovery of a remarkable "periodicity hub" inside the chaotic phase of an electronic circuit containing two diodes as a nonlinear resistance. The hub is a focal point from where an infinite hierarchy of nested spirals emanates. By suitably tuning two reactances simultaneously, both current and voltage ma... | 18,764,395 |
Validation of thermal-transport modeling with direct-drive, planar-foil acceleration experiments on OMEGA. | We present for the first time the experimental validation of the nonlocal thermal-transport model for a National Ignition Facility relevant laser intensity of approximately 10(15) W/cm(2) on OMEGA. The measured thin target trajectories are in good agreement with predictions based on the nonlocal model over the full ran... | 18,764,399 |
Development of instabilities in wire-array Z pinches. | 3D resistive MHD simulations are used to show how the properties of the "fundamental" mode of modulated ablation in wire-array Z pinches, are consistent with the growth of a modified m=0-like instability. The modulation wavelength, structure, and evolution is found to be governed by the magnetic topology and is largely... | 18,764,402 |
Effective temperature in relaxation of Coulomb glasses. | We study relaxation in two-dimensional Coulomb glasses up to macroscopic times. We use a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm especially designed to escape efficiently from deep valleys around metastable states. We find that, during the relaxation process, the site occupancy follows a Fermi-Dirac distribution with an effectiv... | 18,764,413 |
Rate dependence and role of disorder in linearly sheared two-dimensional foams. | The shear flow of two-dimensional foams is probed as a function of shear rate and disorder. Disordered, bidisperse foams exhibit strongly shear rate dependent velocity profiles. This behavior is captured quantitatively in a simple model based on the balance of the time-averaged drag forces in the system, which are foun... | 18,764,433 |
Quantum circuit architecture. | We present a method for optimizing quantum circuits architecture, based on the notion of a quantum comb, which describes a circuit board where one can insert variable subcircuits. Unexplored quantum processing tasks, such as cloning and storing or retrieving of gates, can be optimized, along with setups for tomography ... | 18,764,438 |
Rainbow and blueshift effect of a dispersive spherical invisibility cloak impinged on by a nonmonochromatic plane wave. | We demonstrate some interesting phenomena associated with a nonmonochromatic plane wave passing through a spherical invisibility cloak whose radial permittivity and permeability are of Drude and Lorentz types. We observe that the frequency center of a quasimonochromatic incident wave will suffer a blueshift in the forw... | 18,764,455 |
Resonances near the classical separatrix of a weakly deformed circular microcavity. | We study localized resonance patterns of a weakly deformed circular dielectric microcavity. The dominant pattern among them is detected when the classical motion of the light is on the separatrix of the effective potential. In this case, the topological shape of the pattern is automatically determined by the refractive... | 18,764,456 |
Momentum-transport studies in high E x B shear plasmas in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. | Experiments have been conducted at the National Sperical Torus Experiment (NSTX) to study both steady state and perturbative momentum transport. These studies are unique in their parameter space under investigation, where the low aspect ratio of NSTX results in rapid plasma rotation with ExB shearing rates high enough ... | 18,764,464 |
Quantum Differences between Heavy and Light Water. | The structures of heavy and light water at ambient conditions are investigated with the combined techniques of x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and computer simulation. It is found that heavy water is a more structured liquid than light water. We find the OH bond length in H2O is approximately 3% longer than the... | 18,764,471 |
Short-range-order lifetime and the "boson peak" in a metallic glass model. | We extend the usual static view of short range order in metallic glasses to a dynamical model of local order. We use an atomistic simulation of a NiZr glass to investigate time-dependent fluctuations of the atomic environment. We show that, even in the "frozen" glass, the solute-centered clusters change their identitie... | 18,764,475 |
Ultrafast dynamic compression technique to study the kinetics of phase transformations in bismuth. | Preheated Bi (296-532 K) was ramp compressed with 15-35 ns rise times to a peak stress of approximately 11 GPa to explore structural phase-transformation kinetics under dynamic loading conditions. At high strain rates, epsilon[over ]>5 x 10;{6} s;{-1}, deviation from equilibrium phase boundaries suggests that compre... | 18,764,477 |
Chirality-induced dynamic kohn anomalies in graphene. | We develop a theory for the renormalization of the phonon energy dispersion in graphene due to the combined effects of both Coulomb and electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions. We obtain the renormalized phonon energy spectrum by an exact analytic derivation of the phonon self-energy, finding three distinct Kohn anomalies ... | 18,764,478 |
Bridge between Abelian and non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states. | We propose a scheme to construct the most prominent Abelian and non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states from K-component Halperin wave functions. In order to account for a one-component quantum Hall system, these SU(K) colors are distributed over all particles by an appropriate symmetrization. Numerical calculations... | 18,764,488 |
Temporal extent of surface potentials between closely spaced metals. | Variations in the electrostatic surface potential between the proof mass and electrode housing in the space-based gravitational wave mission Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is one of the largest contributors of noise at frequencies below a few mHz. Torsion balances provide an ideal test bed for investigating ... | 18,764,520 |
Global analysis of helicity parton densities and their uncertainties. | We present a new analysis of the helicity parton distributions of the nucleon. The analysis takes into account the available data from inclusive and semi-inclusive polarized deep inelastic scattering, as well as from polarized proton-proton (p-p) scattering at RHIC. For the first time, all theoretical calculations are ... | 18,764,525 |
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