title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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The incretin concept today. | 1. The insulinogenic factor of the gastrointestinal mucosa named "incretin" is only one part of the complex enteroinsular axis. --2. Of the chemically defined gastrointestinal hormones GIP is the strongest incretin candidate. --3. Because of the dual function of GIP as gastrone and insulinotropic substance several safe... | 32,119 | [
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The hospital and optimal chemotherapy in schizophrenia. | With some schizophrenics, response to antipsychotic drugs is best monitored in the hospital. They include dysphoric responders, those whose illness has been only minimally responsive to antipsychotic drugs, and habitual noncompliers with drug regimen. Dysphoric responses need to be acknowledged and regarded as a danger... | 32,128 | [
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Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice inoculated with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. | In BALB/c mice previously inoculated intraperitoneally with an immunogenic dose of the T-independent antigen type III pneumococcal polysaccharide, the intravenous administration of the T-cell activating agent phytohemagglutinin P causes a pronounced increase in the number and relative proportion of immunoglobulin G-pro... | 32,142 | [
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Dissociation between clinical and exercise responsiveness to beta-blockade in angina. | Twenty outpatients with mild angina were prescribed placebo tablets b.i.d. for 7 weeks followed by acebutolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker, 200 mg b.i.d. for 21 weeks under single-blind conditions. One graded multistage treadmill test was carried out after each treatment period and an angina diary was filled daily f... | 32,144 | [
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[The dental soldering by means of high frequency induction heating (author's transl)]. | The authors examined the methods of high frequency induction soldering, especially Loop-method, other than the gas flame soldering which was known generally. The details which was done are: (1) about the form of induction coil, and the relative places of the coil and restrative appliance, and some supplementary applian... | 32,215 | [
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The major fraction of deoxyribonuclease activity from human urinary proteins. Purification and properties. | The major fraction of deoxyribonuclease activity from human urinary protein was purified 40-fold in about 14% yield. The enzyme shows an isoelectric point at pH 4.2 and has a molecular weight of 33,600+/-3,000. Optimum activity was shown at pH 6.8 in the presence of 12.5 mmol/l Mg2+ plus 1 mmol/l Ca2+. The enzymic reac... | 32,220 | [
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Purification and properties of an NAD(P)+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). | Crude soluble extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus strain Bath, grown on methane, were found to contain NAD(P)+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Activity in the extract was lost on dialysis against phosphate buffer, but could be restored by supplementing with inactive, heat-treated extract (70 degrees C for ... | 32,222 | [
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Role of vitamin B12 and enzymes related to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in a methanol-utilizing bacterium, Protaminobacter ruber. | A methanol-utilizing bacterium, Protaminobacter ruber, required cobalt ion or vitamin B12 as its growth factor, which could be replaced by succinate among various additions to the cobalt-deficient medium. The presence of adenosylcobalamin (adenosyl-B12)-dependent methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) mutase was demonstrated i... | 32,234 | [
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The effect of PGE1 on peristalsis and on perivascular nerve inhibition of peristaltic activity in guinea-pig isolated ileum. | The effect of PGE1 on peristalsis of guinea-pig isolated ileum was examined using a modified Trendelenburg method to evoke and record peristaltic activity. PGE1 (14 nM, 0.11 microM and 0.56 microM) increased peristaltic activity of both longitudinal and circular muscle, mainly by increasing the amplitude of contraction... | 32,240 | [
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A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of centrally administered clonidine and adrenaline in the anaesthetized rat. | Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of clonidine and adrenaline-induced hypotension and bradycardia in urethane anaesthetized spontaneous hypertensive rats. The hypotension induced by clonidine (3 microgram i.c.v.) was antagonized by pretreatment with the alpha-antagonists piperoxan, which also antagonized clon... | 32,359 | [
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Comparative study of the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the striatum and hypothalamus of rat brain. | Stimulation by dopamine of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat brain striatum was enhanced in the presence of ATP (0.6--3 mM) and GTP (10--100 micrometer). The stimulation by dopamine appeared to be the result of its antagonism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by GTP or higher concentrations of ATP. Stimulation o... | 32,363 | [
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Effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on peripheral vascular resistance. | The effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents propranolol, pindolol, atenolol, bunitrolol, and methypranol on the vascular resistance of isolated perfused hindlimbs of rats were investigated. At concentrations of 0.01 microgram/ml in the perfusate dl-propranolol and pindolol significantly increased vascular resist... | 32,434 | [
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Impaired distal nephron acidification in chronically phosphate depleted rats. | Renal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption and acidification were evaluated in phosphate depleted rats (PD) and controls. After 33 days of phosphate depletion, urine pH of PD rats (N = 5, 5.36 +/- 0.15) was significantly higher than control (N = 5, 5.64 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.005) following an NH4Cl load. Urinary titratab... | 32,521 | [
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Competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine binding by fractions from porcine brain. | Fractions of porcine cerebral cortex extract separated by molecular weight on a Sephadex G-75 column were tested for their activities and potencies to inhibit [3H]benzodiazepine binding to rat brain homogenates. The fractions spanned molecular weights from 500 to 100,000. A potent inhibitor (benzodiazepine-competitive ... | 32,539 | [
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The peripheral platelet count in response to adrenergic alpha-and beta-1-receptor stimulation. | The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of adrenergic alpha- and beta-1-receptor stimulation on the peripheral platelet count. The experiments were carried out on 8 healthy male volunteers using radioisotopically labelled platelets. 3 subjects received i.v. infusions of adrenaline (0.09 microgram X kg... | 32,612 | [
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[Abnormal involuntary movements in the elderly and their treatment (author's transl)]. | In the elderly, there are two main types of abnormal involuntary movements: tremors on one hand and dyskinesias on the other. Among tremors, senile and parkinsonian types have to be separated because they have different semeiologic signs and distinct therapeutics. Senile tremor is present during movements and tonically... | 32,624 | [
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[Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure following administration of sodium hydroxybutyrate and viadril-G to patients with brain tumors]. | The effect of sodium oxybutyrate and viadril-G on intracranial pressure was tested in 30 patients with tumours in injecting an anaesthetic. The electromanometric method was applied in measuring the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid and central venous pressure. A considerable reduction of intracranial pressure was noted i... | 32,712 | [
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Lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine derivative, in the treatment of anxiety: a double-blind clinical evaluation. | Ninety-five adult outpatients suffering from moderate to severe anxiety were randomly assigned to treatment with lorazepam or placebo in a double-blind four-week study. Patients were evaluated at pretreatment and after two and four weeks of treatment using three rating scales. Lorazepam, at an average daily dose of 3.2... | 32,776 | [
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[Determination of dipotassium clorazepate in the plasma by gas chromatography (author's transl)]. | The authors present a method of estimation of dipotassium clorazepate by gas chromatography with a detector for electron capture. It requires 2 ml of blood. Two separate extractions are necessary, including one immediately after the sampling to determine the nordiazepam present at the time of the blood sample. The seco... | 32,817 | [
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Estimation of alcohol intake from laboratory results. | Subjects with abnormalities in a number of laboratory tests were shown to have higher than usual probabilities of being heavy drinkers. Quantitative estimates have been made of the probabilities of heavy drinking from the results of the following tests: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, uric acid,... | 32,827 | [
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"Acute chest syndrome" in adults with sickle cell anemia. Microbiology, treatment, and prevention. | Fifty-two episodes of fever, chest pain, increased leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrate ("acute chest syndrome") were studied in 28 adults with sickle cell anemia. Possible bacterial pathogens were identified in sputum cultures from less than half of the episodes; no pneumococci were found, and Staphylocococcus aureu... | 32,855 | [
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Adenylate cyclase in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei sp. | 1. The adenylate cyclase in Trypanosoma brucei is located in the plasma membrane. 2. A partial kinetic analysis of the properties of the enzyme revealed a Km for ATP of 1.75 mM and a Km for Mg2+ of 4mM. 3. At low concentrations, Mg2+ activated the enzyme directly in addition to its effect of lowering the concentration ... | 32,875 | [
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The kinetics of the active and de-energized transport of O-methyl glucose in Ustilago maydis. | The kinetics of the uptake and efflux of 3-O-methyl-glucose in sporidia of Ustilago maydis were measured, both in active cells and in cells whose metabolic activity had been inhibited by azide and iodoacetate. The de-energized transport system proved to be carrier mediated with apparent affinity constants 13 +/- 2 mM o... | 32,904 | [
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Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Isolation and some properties of enzyme-bound valyl adenylate and seryl adenylate. | As a continuation of our studies on plant (yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases we describe here formation and some properties of valyl-tRNA synthetase-bound valyl adenylate (EVal(Val-AMP)) and seryl-tRNA synthetase-bound seryl adenylate (ESer(Ser-AMP)). Valyl-tRNA synthetase-bound valyl adenylate w... | 32,907 | [
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[Metabolic activation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in normal and tumor cells]. | N-methyl-N-nitrosourea is metabolised by mouse liver microsomes yielding highly reactive product(s) capable of alkylating cellular macromolecules. Based on cofactor requirement (NADPH, oxygen), inhibition (NaN3) and induction by phenobarbital, 3,4-benz(a)pyrene, and MNU, the reaction is cytochrome P-450-dependent. Anal... | 32,924 | [
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[Chemical modification of lysine epsilon-NH2-groups in horseradish peroxidase. Its effect on enzyme stability. Temperature dependence of thermo-inactivation constants for native and modified peroxidase]. | Thermostability of horseradish peroxidase modified by acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and succinic anhydrides and trinitrobenzolsulfonic acid (TNBS) is studied within the temperature range of 56-80 degrees C. Acylation of 4 amino groups and arylation of 3 amino groups with TNBS are found to stabilize the enzyme, wh... | 32,926 | [
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Perinatal development of the tyrosine oxidizing system. | The enzymes of the tyrosine oxidase (TO) system of rat liver were measured during pre- and postnatal development. At all ages, the rate of tyrosine oxidation was limited by the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). TAT of liver was undetectable from 4 days to 1 day before birth and was lower than p-hydroxyphenyl... | 32,931 | [
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Hair cell polarization in the gravity receptor systems of the statocysts of the cephalopods Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris. | The complete patterns of polarization of the sensory epithelia of the various gravity receptor systems of the decapods Sepia and Loligo have been described (Fig. 6). Each individual receptor cell (hair cell) bears up to 150 kinocilia, but is polarized unidirectionally by 3 morphological features: (I) by the orientation... | 32,954 | [
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Effects of fluoride on in vitro calcification of tendon matrix. | Ca2+ and Pi uptake induced in vitro by a collagenous matrix derived from bovine tendon is inhibited by 1 X 10(-6) to 2 X 10(-5) M NaF and stimulated by 2 X 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-3) M NaF. Fluoride uptake occurs only over the latter concentration range. The uptake of Ca2+, Pi, and F-1 progresses toward a limiting extent at ... | 32,959 | [
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gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase and malignant transformation of cultured liver cells. | The relationship between gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)and malignant cell transformation was analyzed in malignant and nonmalignant culture epithelial cell lines derived from rat livers and fibroblastic cell types derived from hamsters and mice. GGT activity was prominent (25 to 90% of cells) in 3 of 5 malignant e... | 32,965 | [
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Enzymatic conjugation and hydrolysis of [18O]isoborneol glucuronide. | Introduction of 18O into the acetal linkage of isoborneol glucuronide has been accomplished through the in vitro enzymatic conjugation of 18O-labeled isoborneol by use of immobilized, partially purified, rabbit liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase supplemented with UDP-glucuronic acid. Mass-spectrometric analysis of 18O enr... | 33,031 | [
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Repeat laparotomy as a preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic method for treating ovarian carcinoma. | One hundred forty-two cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated from 1972 to 1976 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Repeat laparotomy was performed on 37 of the patients about six months after total extirpative surgery (group I). In addition, a second... | 33,077 | [
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Consumption coagulopathy associated with intrauterine fetal death: the role of heparin therapy. | A gravida with intrauterine fetal death who developed progressive chronic consumption coagulopathy was treated with heparin. When serial fibrinogen levels fell below 100 mg% and the prothrombin time was significantly prolonged, intravenously injected heparin corrected hypofibrinogenemia. A safe delivery followed admini... | 33,082 | [
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Risks and benefits of culdoscopic female sterilization. | This paper reviews the risks and benefits of the culdoscopic approach to female sterilization in an alnalysis of 2153 culdoscopic sterilization procedures performed at 11 centers in nine countries. Inability to occlude the tubes as planned was reported for approximately 6.0% of the cases including 1.4% in which one or ... | 33,087 | [
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0.5022532,
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Effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. X. The role played by leukocyte factors, cationic polyelectrolytes, and by membrane-damaging agents in the lysis of Staphylococcus aureus: relation to chronic inflammatory processes. | A heat-stable factor present in extracts of human blood leukocytes is capable of lysing young Staphylococcus aureus at pH 5.0. Lysis is characterized by breakdown of cell-wall components as judged by electron microscopic and biochemical analysis. The leukocyte extracts can be replaced by a variety of agents known to in... | 33,120 | [
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Cerebrovascular effects of YC-93, a new vasodilator, in dogs, monkeys and human patients. | Cerebrovascular effects of YC-93, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, was examined in experimental animals and in human patients using a variety of methods. YC-93 in doses ranging from 0.001 to 0.03 mg/kg i.v. increased regional cerebral cortical blood flow and cerebral venous outflow in anesthetized dogs, and intern... | 33,121 | [
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Mixed function oxidases in sterol metabolism. Separate routes for electron transfer from NADH and NADPH. | Oxidative deformylation of 4-hydroxy[14C]methylene-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one and oxidative demethylation of [30,31-14C]4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by rat liver microsomes have been compared with regard to the manner in which electrons are introduced from both NADH and NADPH. Evidence suggests that NADH an... | 33,169 | [
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Evidence for a high molecular weight factor(s) in serum which increases alkaline phosphatase specific activity in HeLa. | HeLa (substrain Ho) grown in serum free medium showed an increase in the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase when fetal calf serum (10%) was added to the medium (9.7 nmoles/sec/mg protein to 86.8). Under the same conditions, eight intracellular enzymes showed no increase in activity. Similar results were obtained... | 33,190 | [
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Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. II. Limited polymorphism of idiotypic determinants on T-cell receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex alloantigens. | These studies explore the extent of genetic polymorphism in the expression of anti-MHC receptors by T cells in different strains of rats. This question was approached with the use of the model of specifically induced GVH resistance in F1 rats which has been shown to reflect a specific T-cell mediated immune response ag... | 33,224 | [
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[The effect of chenodesoxycholic acid on cholesterol gallstones (author's transl)]. | 30 patients with radiolucent gallstones and 2 patients with radioopaque stones recieved chenodesoxycholic acid (CDC). In 12 patients stones were dissolved completely by CDC therapy, in 6 of the patients the size of the stones decreased by 40-70%. Only 1 patient developed severe diarrhea, so therapy had to be stopped. I... | 33,309 | [
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... |
Neuropharmacology of sedatives and anxiolytics. | Sedative drugs are intended to cause various degrees of drowsiness. Animal experiments indicate that barbiturates induce these effects primarily by depression of the reticular activating system in the rostral brainstem. This in turn potentiates the thalamic recruiting system, thereby inducing 'barbiturate bursts' in th... | 33,329 | [
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[Treatment of bronchitis with cefaclor (Panoral) (author's transl)]. | 14 patients from the Allergy Unit of an outpatient clinic suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 13 outpatients with acute bronchitis were treated with 250 mg cefaclor (Panoral) 3 times daily per os for 5 days. 59% of the organisms isolated from cefaclor-sensitive sputum at the time of prominent cl... | 33,333 | [
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Studies on the mechanisms of central action of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. | The article summarizes the results of experiments, partly published, on the central action of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs given systemically in rats. Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and aceperone increase utilization of noradrenaline (NA in whole brain and antagonise NA--stimulated formation of cyclic AMP i... | 33,369 | [
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Evidence that catecholamine transport into chromaffin vesicles is coupled to vesicle membrane potential. | The effects of ATP, Mg(2+), and various agents on pH gradient, membrane potential, and catecholamine transport across membranes of intact bovine chromaffin vesicles were investigated. Methylamine and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) distributions across the vesicle membrane were used to estimate the H(+) concentration gradient and... | 33,385 | [
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The position of regenerating cambia: auxin/sucrose ratio and the gradient induction hypothesis. | To account for the positions in which vascular cambia regenerate in wound callus, a gradient induction hypothesis was proposed in 1961 in terms of gradients in 'some factor as yet unknown'. It now seems likely that the gradient is based on morphogen diffusion between source and sink on opposite sides of existing cambia... | 33,389 | [
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Hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA in homogenates of human blood platelets: the existence of a platelet palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase. | The existence of a very active long-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase in homogenates of human blood platelets is reported. The highest activity was found with palmitoyl-CoA as the substrate. Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity was not found in intact platelets indicating that the enzyme is localized within the platelet membr... | 33,445 | [
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Metronidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection. | The influence of prophylactic metronidazole on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative anaerobic infection was studied in 104 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole prophylaxis in 54 patients led to a decrease in the anaerobe vaginal carriage rate from 65% pre-operati... | 33,454 | [
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[Evaluation of results of therapy with cast removable partial prosthesis. I. Significance of the residual teeth]. | On the basis of results from follow-up examinations in patients with removable cast partial prostheses, the author points to injuries to the remaining teeth which are attributable above all to errors of indication, insufficient preliminary measures, and inadequate metaphylaxis. | 33,474 | [
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The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on free fatty acid and glucose utilization of the isolated canine heart with normal and restricted flow in the presence and absence of noradrenaline. | Effect of adrenergic beta-receptor blockade on the myocardial utilization of the main substrates by the isolated fibrillating dog heart perfused with constant volume of blood from a donor animal was studied at normal and restricted flow, and in the presence of noradrenaline. A direct metabolic action of the beta-blocka... | 33,514 | [
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The influence of aging on the myosin type of the rabbit soleus and longissimus dorsi muscles. | The influence of aging on the myosin type, and on the fibre composition of both the slowly contracting ("red") M. soleus and the fast ("white") M. longissimus dorsi was examined in the rabbit. For myosin characterization isolated myofibrils were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and the fibre pattern within t... | 33,562 | [
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[Disablement and needs among the elderly of several population groups in Switzerland (author's transl)]. | A preliminary communication is made about an epidemiolocial survey in Switzerland concerning the habits and problems of several groups of elderly under different life conditions. Special interest is given as well the aspects of health and competence in the activities of daily life as the question of disablement and nee... | 33,575 | [
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[Myocardiopathies during pregnancy. Possible role of beta-mimetics]. | The authors report two cases of severe non-obstructive cardiomyopathy presenting at the end of pregnancy in young women treated for long periods and at high dosage with beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulants, prescribed for threatened abortion or premature labour. The circumstances of the presentation, the clinical prescribed ... | 33,631 | [
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Purification and properties of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the mollusc Helicella ericetorum Müller. | 1. A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was purified 330-fold from the digestive gland of the terrestrial mollusc Helicella ericetorum Müller. 2. Its pH optimum is 4.5 for both beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities in two buffer solutions; it is fully stable at 37 degrees C for 2h in the p... | 33,660 | [
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Exchange of free and bound coenzyme of flavin enzymes studied with [14C]FAD. | The exchange of bound FAD for free FAD was studied with D-amino acid oxidase (D-amino acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.3) and beta-D-glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4). For a simple measurement of the reaction rate, equimolar amounts of the enzyme and [14C]FAD were mi... | 33,712 | [
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0.... |
Destruction and resynthesis of mouse beta-glucosidases. | 1. Injection of a single dose of conduritol B epoxide into mice produced almost complete destruction of glucocerebrosidase (D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45) in liver, spleen, brain, and kidney within 5 h. Restoration of activity became noticeable within 1 day (2 days in the case of brain) and w... | 33,720 | [
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[Effect of lecithin on liver microsomal lipid peroxidation]. | The effect of exogeneous (egg) lecithin on peroxidation of microsomal lipids was studied with the view of elucidating the role of various components of lipid substrate in the overall oxidation rate of the lipids. The following processes were studied a) NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in the presence of le... | 33,726 | [
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0.11... |
Sequential patterns of haemodynamic and metabolic changes in experimental hypovolaemic shock. I. Responses to acute haemorrhage. | Little is known about cardiorespiratory changes during the development of hypovolaemia. This study attempts to provide such information and compares the period of bleeding with that of established hypovolaemia. Eleven anaesthetized and ventilated greyhounds were bled and analyses of cardiopulmonary function made at fix... | 33,740 | [
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Phenytoin and transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. | The effects of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) on transmitter release were studied at the frog neuromuscular junction. It was found that in Ringer's solutions containing a normal concentration of Ca2+ ions, DPH (1-2 X 10(-4) M) depresses neurally evoked transmitter release, whereas in Ca2+-deficient Ringer's solutio... | 33,744 | [
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0.1277249,
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0.2769717,
0.1528651... |
Toleration of artificial tears - the effect of pH. | We studied the effect of altering the pH of an artificial tear preparation on the tolerance of 20 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Of those who expressed a preference, 11/17 preferred a tear substitute more alkaline than any preparation now available in North America. We recommend an alkaline tear substitute a... | 33,753 | [
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0.1933077,
0.1... |
Contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine. | This study of seven patients with an allergic contact dermititis from ethylenediamine has shown that sensitisation to topical antihistamines and disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate is not inevitable in a allergic contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine. | 33,781 | [
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0.1683933,
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Pre- and postsynaptic effects of alpha-agonists in the anococcygeus muscle of the pithed rat. | In the pithed rat electrically induced contractions of the anococcygeus muscle were inhibited by clonidine (0.1--3.0 microgram/kg, i.v.), mecamylamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and guanethidine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Only the inhibition produced by clonidine was antagonised by yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.). At higher concentrations (10 ... | 33,816 | [
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0.2977698,
0.247524,
0.1300211,
-0.08... |
Comparative trial of sulphasalazine and oral sodium cromoglycate in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. | Patients with ulcerative colitis in remission were randomly allocated to treatment with sulphasalazine (2 g/day) or oral sodium cromoglycate (160 mg/day or 2 g/day), and the relapse rates in these treatment groups were compared during continued treatment for one year. The percentage cumulative relapse rate after 12 mon... | 33,875 | [
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0.07859918,... |
[Drug interactions in the intestinal tract]. | The mechanisms of drug-drug interactions are generally classified and interferences within the gastrointestinal tract are discussed. The latter mainly concern interactions in which absorption of a drug is affected. Unwanted reactions may easily be avoided by choosing carefully combination and time of administration of ... | 33,886 | [
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0.04700775,
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[Testing antacid with intragastric Ph measurements and gastroscopy]. | In connection with the testing of an antacid in form of a suspension, pH-measurement and gastroscopy are carried out in the same 11 patients. Essential criteria of the efficacy of an antacid are its buffering capacity and its retention in the stomach as a mechanical protective for the gastric mucosa. The Talcid suspens... | 33,887 | [
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0.4127659,
0.3049051,
0.009142089,
0.05356435... |
A plasmid in Streptococcus pneumoniae. | Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid has been detected in three related laboratory strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strains D39S, R36, and R36NC each contain a minimum of two copies per cell of a 2.0-megadalton plasmid (pDP1). A plasmid twice as large as this smaller one is also present in much lower quantity in these str... | 33,961 | [
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0.4792176,
0.4089063,
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A survey of psychotropic medication in mental retardation facilities. | A survey of psychotropic drug usage by questionnaires was conducted at 5 regional residential centers for the mentally subnormal in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Of the 2238 residents studied, 42% were given psychotropics, 27% anticonvulsants, and 11% a combination of both. Prolonged medication and polypharmacy were observe... | 33,967 | [
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0.1884259,
0.1064932,
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Selective extraction of marker enzymes of bovine milk fat globule membrane by nonionic detergents. | Large amounts (66-97%) of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were selectively solubilized by nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, Nonidet P-40, Liponox NCK, and Emulgen 109-P. On t... | 33,979 | [
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0.2209229,
0.2345175,
0.005961987,
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Starting transients in sea urchin sperm flagella. | Live sea urchin spermatozoa were rendered immotile by lowered pH; Triton-extracted spermatozoa were rendered immotile by either lowered pH or by deprivation of ATP. The spermatozoa began to beat after an increase in pH or as ATP was supplied, and the first bends were recorded on ciné film. Triton-extracted spermatozoa ... | 33,997 | [
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Neurotransmitter release statistics: moment estimates for inhomogeneous Bernoulli trials. | Evoked release of quanta of neurotransmitter is generally treated as a set of homogeneous, stationary Bernoulli trials, hence governed by the binomial distribution. Relaxing the assumptions of uniformity and stationarity leads to a more realistic physiological model of transmitter release but also introduces systematic... | 34,005 | [
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0.2033339,
0.163... |
The uptake of choline by Streptococcus pneumoniae. | Uptake of choline, a structural component of pneumococcal C- and F-teichoic acids, into bacteria growing in a defined medium was very efficient with an uptake constant ([S]10 5) of 3.2 microns. It was inhibited by iodoacetate, dinitrophenol and oligomycin but not by structural analogues of choline. Ethanolamine, howeve... | 34,010 | [
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Muscle pH monitoring. | The evaluation of muscle pH is a recent method of monitoring the critically ill. We have found it a useful, safe, and reliable method. We, therefore, urge its routine use during and after major surgery. We think it will also be very useful in clinical patients with perfusion problems. | 34,013 | [
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0.1823214,
... |
Solubility of doxycycline in aqueous solution. | The solubility of doxycyline monohydrate and doxycycline hydrochloride dihydrate was investigated in aqueous solution. The hydrochloride dihydrate salt was isolated and identified from solutions initially containing doxycycline hyclate in water. The pKa' = 3.09 (mu = 0.1 and 25 degrees) for protonation of doxycycline w... | 34,018 | [
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0.... |
Study of the two pathways for arachidonate oxygenation in blood platelets. | During collagen-induced blood platelet aggregation, arachidonic acid is set free from membrane phospholipids and subsequently converted into 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by arachidonate lipoxygenase and into thromboxane A2, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HETE) and malondialdehyde by cyclooxygenase and thromboxane... | 34,075 | [
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0.169124,
0.4037836,
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... |
Modification of the tyrosine hydroxylase assay. Increased enzyme activity in the presence of ascorbic acid. | A modification of the tyrosine hydroxylase assay is described in which ascorbate, rather than 2-mercaptoethanol or dihydropteridine reductase with NADPH, is used as the reductant. Enzyme activity is 3-4 times higher with ascorbate than with the other reducing agents. Low blanks are obtained with the ascorbate system pr... | 34,115 | [
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0.3280365,
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The "neuroleptic" antipsychotic drugs. 2. Neurologic side effects. | The specific neurologic side effects of the antipsychotic agents include acute dystonias, parkinsonism, motor restlessness, and late choretoathetosis. Treatment of the acute reactions is usually effected by the use of anticholinergic agents; treatment of the later dyskinesias is unsatisfactory, and these reactions are ... | 34,142 | [
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Formation and properties of 1000-A-diameter, single-bilayer phospholipid vesicles. | Two methods are reported for the formation of large, uniform-sized phospholipid vesicles. The methods involve the treatment of phospholipid, in the form of either small, sonicated vesicles or a dry lipid film, at a molar ratio of deoxycholate to phospholipid of 1:2. Subsequent removal of deoxycholate yields a stable pr... | 34,148 | [
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Individual variations in the effects of flurazepam, clorazepate, L-dopa and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on REM sleep in man. | The comporative effects of flurazepam, clorazepate, L-dopa, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on REM sleep were investigated in normal, healthy adults. A single dose of each drug was given orally to the subjects 30 min before bedtime. A dose of 30 mg flurazepam significantly decreased REM sleep-time when compared... | 34,186 | [
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0.1400365,
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Comparison views in extremity injury in children: an efficacy study. | Routine comparison views in cases of suspected extremity injury in children have not been adequately substantiated, in the authors' opinion. Three hundred such cases were reviewed, with pediatric radiologists requesting comparison views of the uninjured side in 8%. In no case did the comparison view change the initial ... | 34,193 | [
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... |
[Pharmacological treatment of syndromes of aggressivity]. | In the treatment of violent-aggressive behavior, four major groups of drugs emerged: 1. Major tranquilizers in the treatment of aggressive-violent behavior associated with psychotic syndromes. 2. Anti-epileptic drugs such as diphenylhydantoin and barbiturates in the treatment of aggressive-violent behavior within the e... | 34,189 | [
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0.2995395,
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Physiological significance of secretin in the pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. I. Responsiveness of the secretin-releasing system in the upper duodenum. | In nine normal subjects intraduodenal pH was measured by means of a glass electrode placed in the passage from the first to the second part of the duodenum. The physiological variations in pH were simulated by intraduodenal injection of 2.5, 5, or 10 ml of 0.1 mol x 1(-1) HCl and subsequent neutralization by injection ... | 34,207 | [
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0.08035801,
0.1328378,
0.3389035,
0.3123792,
0.2422566,... |
[Cases of abnormal movements]. | Four patients with abnormal movements were treated with tiapridal. Very good results were obtained in a case of buccofacial dyskinesia associated with an extrapyramidal syndrome and dementia, and in another patient with middle-of-the-dose dyskinesias induced by L-dopa treatment for Parkinson's disease. No effect was ob... | 34,219 | [
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... |
5 alpha-Reductase activity in human placenta. | The concentration of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione in peripheral blood of pregnant women is higher than that found in blood obtained from nonpregnant women throughout the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle. The in vitro synthesis of 5 alpha-reduced pregnanes from [3H]progesterone by placental tissue was investigated usi... | 34,324 | [
-0.2216208,
-0.1033449,
-0.2689549,
0.1359,
0.2342919,
0.03959629,
-0.4787807,
0.2495773,
0.07052691,
0.1278671,
0.05622958,
-0.08202908,
-0.05275996,
-0.02367912,
-0.5874104,
-0.101331,
-0.09665075,
0.156352,
0.2278786,
0.3764955,
0.6113868,
0.5517766,
-0.1563071,
0.16... |
Adenovirus aggregation and preservation in extracellular environment. | The conditions of adenovirus aggregations are analyzed. Adenovirus type 2 was propagated on Hep2 cells; virion aggregation analysis was performed by sedimentation velocity on sucrose gradients. The results show that aggregation depends on: 1) Ionic strength: aggregate formation was verified between 0.005 M and 0.05 M N... | 34,378 | [
-0.2415286,
0.1802711,
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0.01562722,
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0.1242919,
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0.02638298,
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0.05316597,
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0.01900495,
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0.163684,
0.3621918,
0.4377514,
0.171656,
0.070055... |
Interaction of dinitrophenyl groups bound to bovine serum albumin with univalent fragments of anti-dinitrophenyl antibody. | Two lysine residues of bovine serum albumin reacted with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with apparent second-order rate constants approx. 500-times greater than those observed in similar reactions with low-molecular-weight lysine derivatives. A series of dinitrophenyl (Dnp)-bovine serum albumins were prepared and their ab... | 34,387 | [
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0.4400432,
-0.07005106,
0.2348092,
0.2719349,
0.1392739,
-0.192776... |
Near-heme histidine residues of deoxy- and oxymyoglobins. | Proton NMR titration curves of the histidine Cepsilon-H resonances of the deoxy and oxy forms of human, horse, and sperm whale myoglobins (Mb) were determined and compared with the results for the met and azide forms. One extra titrating resonance (H-8) was observed for each deoxy-Mb compared with the corresponding met... | 34,431 | [
-0.4226373,
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0.2187035,
0.03543975,
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0.6275843,
0.1808702,
0.04350589,
-0... |
The analysis of terbutaline in biological fluids by gas chromatography electron impace mass spectrometry. | A highly sensitive and specific assay is described for the bronchodilator drug terbutaline in human plasma and urine, based on single ion monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry and employing a homologue of the drug as internal standard. Recovery of terbutaline and internal standard into ethyl acetate is effect... | 34,445 | [
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0.3200458,
0.0766949,
0.1366015,
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Continuous peritoneal dialysis as treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. II. Analysis of its beneficial effect. | In acute sodium-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in the rat, peritoneal dialysis reduced serum amylase levels and the amount of fat necrosis, but did not influence the damage to the pancreas itself. Pancreatic ascites obtained in the early course of the disease was found to have a hypotensive effect when given intrape... | 34,505 | [
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0.3345737,
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0.2306814,
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... |
Rapid screening for urease inhibitors. | Two methods are described that are suitable for the rapid screening of compounds as urease inhibitors. The first utilizes an electrode sensitive to NH4+ ions; the second is dependent on pH rise. A feature of both is a direct readout of reaction rate. | 34,578 | [
-0.06176651,
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0.1770716,
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0.2249097,
0.1193079,
-0.032957... |
Observations on the gubernaculum during descent of the testis. | The mechanisms that influence the descent of the testis are not clearly understood. The gubernaculum is a structure worthy of scrutiny inasmuch as it is conspicuous during descent, but virtually disappears after descent is complete. Early in gestation, the rat gubernacular bulb consists of loose mesenchymal cells that ... | 34,579 | [
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0.2770626,
0.1487815,
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Some properties of RNA polymerases of different influenza viruses. | The transcriptases of several influenza viruses were tested for pH and temperature dependence and for thermal stability. Marked differences in pH dependence and thermostability were determined. | 34,580 | [
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0.02692633,
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0.11106,
0.135297,
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0.4556042,
0.4052658,
-0.1677188,
-0.106... |
Non-routine extractions in orthodontic treatment. | A four-unit symmetrical premolar extraction case demands meticulous levelling, overjet reduction, space closure, rotating, paralleling and torqueing to justify the gambit of having extracted the teeth at the commencement of treatment. This involves the patient in complex therapy which may, for any of several reasons, b... | 34,582 | [
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0.1298834,
0.3551278,
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0.004270904,
-0.04522748,
-0.11298... |
Characterization of the molecular defect in infantile and adult acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency fibroblasts. | Different clinical expressions of acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency have been described. The present study was undertaken to investigate the basic metabolic defect in the infantile and adult forms of the disease. Acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) was purified from normal and from adult acid alpha-glucosidase deficie... | 34,626 | [
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0.06850807,
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0.3655061,
0.2758248,
0.3802749,
-0.2043712,... |
A model for the use of physician's assistants in primary care. | The function and long-term viability of physician's assistants in primary care is controversial. The authors hypothesize that to remain a viable entity the physician's assistant (PA) must meet criteria including ability to make independent decisions, to obtain the complete trust of the supervising physician, to deliver... | 34,667 | [
-0.0875228,
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0.00006763698,
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0.0953614,
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0.... |
Alterations in cartilage metabolism by neurostimulant drugs. | Suppression of growth without significant alterations in hormonal patterns has been demonstrated for the neurostimulant drug pemoline. Comparison of the in vitro effect of pemoline, methylphenidate, and methamphetamine on somatomedin-stimulated sulfate uptake by cartilage showed all three drugs to be inhibitory. Sulfat... | 34,681 | [
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0.07028026,
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0.4553803,
0.5078554,
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-0.15292,
... |
A comparative study of the microbiological assays currently available for nystatin raw material. | The classical agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods of assay for nystatin are compared with the more recently documented assays for this antibiotic which depend upon physicochemical measurement of the response of micro-organisms. Liquid nitrogen stored inocula were used throughout. It is concluded that the newer met... | 34,693 | [
-0.1789505,
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0.123193,
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0.362673,
0.4272165,
0.140308,
0.1037681,
-0.0200... |
Kinetics of dopamine oxidation by dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine cation radicals. | The kinetics of dopamine oxidatinon dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine cation radicals (with two- or three-carbon side chains) were investigated. The two-carbon side-chain derivatives have reaction rates higher than the three-carbon ones. For chlorpromazine and promazine, extrapolation of pH 1-6 data shows that reaction ra... | 34,724 | [
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0.2186991,
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0.1689591,
0.2434108,
0.1998656,
-0.02472... |
[Flunitrazepam with anterograde amnesia and reduction of blood pressure before local anaesthesia without intubation in 3000 ENT operations (author's transl)]. | After premedication with flunitrazepam=Rohypnol 2 mg orally (2--3 hours preop.) and morphine-atropine (30 min preop.) the patient receives slowly "Ro" i.v. until the phenomenon of volume reduction when speaking is observed. This allows for the smallest possible dosis to achieve sufficient amnesia. After about 20 min th... | 34,760 | [
-0.06065277,
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0.1464565,
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0.1... |
Lergotrile in Parkinson disease: further studies. | Lergotrile was administered to 53 patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD), who had increasing disability despite optimal treatment with levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet). Thirty-nine patients who could tolerate at least 20 mg per day lergotrile (thus considered "adequately treated") had significant descreases in rigid... | 34,808 | [
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0.09812415,
0.2668619,
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0.1222094,
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... |
Blood eosinophil leucocyte and eosinophil cationic protein. In vivo study of the influence of beta-2-adrenergic drugs and steroid medication. | The in vivo effect of beta-2-adrenergic stimulating and blocking drugs and of corticosteroid medication on blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) has been studied. The beta-2-adrenergic drugs, salbutamol and terbutaline, had an eosinopenic effect. They were able to decrease S-ECP concentration,... | 34,874 | [
0.1066385,
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0.07777898,
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0.09815366,
0.5406727,
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0.08253755,
-0.01079... |
Azulfidine therapy for ulcerative colitis in infancy. | The reported patient represents an example of extensive colonic disease at an uncommon age of involvement. The significant response to salicylazosulfapyridine therapy with this degree of involvement at this age is uncommon. This case suggests the value of an initial trial of medical therapy with salicylazosulfapyridine... | 34,887 | [
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-0.1932602,
0.08791431,
0.2558776,
-0.03732945,
0.2085733,... |
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